Microbial Community Profile of a Lead Service Line Removed from a Drinking Water Distribution System▿

PubMed Central

White, Colin; Tancos, Matthew; Lytle, Darren A.

2011-01-01

A corroded lead service line was removed from a drinking water distribution system, and the microbial community was profiled using 16S rRNA gene techniques. This is the first report of the characterization of a biofilm on the surface of a corroded lead drinking water service line. The majority of phylotypes have been linked to heavy-metal-contaminated environments. PMID:21652741

Spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy of a Dirac line node material ZrSiS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Lihui; He, Qingyu; Queiroz, Raquel; Grüneis, Andreas; Schnyder, Andreas; Ast, Christian; Schoop, Leslie; Takagi, Hide; Rost, Andreas

3D Dirac materials are an intensive area of current condensed matter research. The related Dirac line node materials have come into focus due to many shared properties such as unconventional magneto-transport and the potential to host topologically nontrivial phases. ZrSiS is one of the first discovered materials of this new family, hosting a nodal line and an unconventional surface state. Spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy (SI-STM) detects quasiparticle interference and has been extensively used to study the scattering mechanism and the band structures of exotic materials with high energy resolution at the atomic scale. Here in this presentation, we report the investigation of ZrSiS by SI-STM at the atomic scale, in combination with DFT calculations. We succeeded in visualizing the Dirac nodal line both in real and momentum space, adding key pieces of evidences confirming the existence of a nodal line in this material and highlighting its exceptional properties. The breaking of a non-symmorphic symmetry at the surface induces an unusual surface state whose dispersion was mapped. In particular, we observed spectroscopic signatures of a type-II Dirac fermion hosted by the surface state. Our data as seen by SI-STM has impact beyond ZrSiS providing crucial insights into the properties of Dirac line node materials in particular and non-symmorphic crystals in general.

Seeing a straight line on a curved surface: decoupling of patterns from surfaces by single IT neurons

PubMed Central

Ratan Murty, N. Apurva

2016-01-01

We have no difficulty seeing a straight line drawn on a paper even when the paper is bent, but this inference is in fact nontrivial. Doing so requires either matching local features or representing the pattern after factoring out the surface shape. Here we show that single neurons in the monkey inferior temporal (IT) cortex show invariant responses to patterns across rigid and nonrigid changes of surfaces. We recorded neuronal responses to stimuli in which the pattern and the surrounding surface were varied independently. In a subset of neurons, we found pattern-surface interactions that produced similar responses to stimuli across congruent pattern and surface transformations. These interactions produced systematic shifts in curvature tuning of patterns when overlaid on convex and flat surfaces. Our results show that surfaces are factored out of patterns by single neurons, thereby enabling complex perceptual inferences. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have no difficulty seeing a straight line on a curved piece of paper, but in fact, doing so requires decoupling the shape of the surface from the pattern itself. Here we report a novel form of invariance in the visual cortex: single neurons in monkey inferior temporal cortex respond similarly to congruent transformations of patterns and surfaces, in effect decoupling patterns from the surface on which they are overlaid. PMID:27733595

Compilation of Local Fallout Data from Test Detonations 1945-1962 Extracted from DASA 1251. Volume I. Continental U.S. Tests

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-05-01

fallout patterns by "dot-dash" lines. The time lines are intended to give only a rough average arrival time in hours as estimated from the wind reports and...by interpolation between the H-lI and H+11 hour values. 4. The surface air pressure was 13.10 psi, the temperature -2.O°C and the relative humidity...surface air pressure was 13.04 psi, the temperature -2.8 0 C, and the relative humidity 87%. 17 i’ 17 I

Water Drop Evaporation on Mushroom-like Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Temperature Effects.

PubMed

do Nascimento, Rodney Marcelo; Cottin-Bizonne, Cécile; Pirat, Christophe; Ramos, Stella M M

2016-03-01

We report on experiments of drop evaporation on heated superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with micrometer-sized mushroom-like pillars. We analyze the influence of two parameters on the evaporation dynamics: the solid-liquid fraction and the substrate temperature, ranging between 30 and 80 °C. In the different configurations investigated, the drop evaporation appears to be controlled by the contact line dynamics (pinned or moving). The experimental results show that (i) in the pinned regime, the depinning angles increase with decreasing contact fraction and the substrate heating promotes the contact line depinning and (ii) in the moving regime, the droplet motion is described by periodic stick-slip events and contact-angle oscillations. These features are highly smoothed at the highest temperatures, with two possible mechanisms suggested to explain such a behavior, a reduction in the elasticity of the triple line and a decrease in the depinning energy barriers. For all surfaces, the observed remarkable stability of the "fakir" state to the temperature is attributed to the re-entrant micropillar curvature that prevents surface imbibition.

Ultraviolet observations of cool stars. IV - Intensities of Lyman-alpha and Mg II in epsilon Pegasi and epsilon Eridani, and line width-luminosity correlations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcclintock, W.; Linsky, J. L.; Henry, R. C.; Moos, H. W.

1975-01-01

A spectrometer on the Copernicus satellite has been used to confirm the existence of a line width-luminosity relation for the Ly-alpha and Mg II 2800-A chromospheric emission lines in K-type stars by observation of a K2 dwarf (epsilon Eri) and a K2 supergiant (epsilon Peg). Combined with previously reported observations of lines in three K giants (alpha Boo, alpha Tau, and beta Gem), the data are consistent with an identical dependence of line width on absolute visual magnitude for the Ca II K, Ly-alpha, and Mg II 2795-A lines. Surface fluxes of Ly-alpha, Mg II 2800-A, and O V 1218-A (upper limit) for epsilon Eri, and of Mg II 2800-A for epsilon Peg are also compared with values reported previously for the three giant stars.

Ultra slow muon microscopy by laser resonant ionization at J-PARC, MUSE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyake, Y.; Ikedo, Y.; Shimomura, K.; Strasser, P.; Kawamura, N.; Nishiyama, K.; Koda, A.; Fujimori, H.; Makimura, S.; Nakamura, J.; Nagatomo, T.; Kadono, R.; Torikai, E.; Iwasaki, M.; Wada, S.; Saito, N.; Okamura, K.; Yokoyama, K.; Ito, T.; Higemoto, W.

2013-04-01

As one of the principal muon beam line at the J-PARC muon facility (MUSE), we are now constructing a Muon beam line (U-Line), which consists of a large acceptance solenoid made of mineral insulation cables (MIC), a superconducting curved transport solenoid and superconducting axial focusing magnets. There, we can extract 2 × 108/s surface muons towards a hot tungsten target. At the U-Line, we are now establishing a new type of muon microscopy; a new technique with use of the intense ultra-slow muon source generated by resonant ionization of thermal Muonium (designated as Mu; consisting of a μ + and an e - ) atoms generated from the surface of the tungsten target. In this contribution, the latest status of the Ultra Slow Muon Microscopy project, fully funded, is reported.

Comparison of Transmission Line Methods for Surface Acoustic Wave Modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, William; Atkinson, Gary

2009-01-01

Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology is low cost, rugged, lightweight, extremely low power and can be used to develop passive wireless sensors. For these reasons, NASA is investigating the use of SAW technology for Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring (IVHM) of aerospace structures. To facilitate rapid prototyping of passive SAW sensors for aerospace applications, SAW models have been developed. This paper reports on the comparison of three methods of modeling SAWs. The three models are the Impulse Response Method (a first order model), and two second order matrix methods; the conventional matrix approach, and a modified matrix approach that is extended to include internal finger reflections. The second order models are based upon matrices that were originally developed for analyzing microwave circuits using transmission line theory. Results from the models are presented with measured data from devices. Keywords: Surface Acoustic Wave, SAW, transmission line models, Impulse Response Method.

On multiscale moving contact line theory.

PubMed

Li, Shaofan; Fan, Houfu

2015-07-08

In this paper, a multiscale moving contact line (MMCL) theory is presented and employed to simulate liquid droplet spreading and capillary motion. The proposed MMCL theory combines a coarse-grained adhesive contact model with a fluid interface membrane theory, so that it can couple molecular scale adhesive interaction and surface tension with hydrodynamics of microscale flow. By doing so, the intermolecular force, the van der Waals or double layer force, separates and levitates the liquid droplet from the supporting solid substrate, which avoids the shear stress singularity caused by the no-slip condition in conventional hydrodynamics theory of moving contact line. Thus, the MMCL allows the difference of the surface energies and surface stresses to drive droplet spreading naturally. To validate the proposed MMCL theory, we have employed it to simulate droplet spreading over various elastic substrates. The numerical simulation results obtained by using MMCL are in good agreement with the molecular dynamics results reported in the literature.

ExoMol line lists - XXII. The rotation-vibration spectrum of silane up to 1200 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Owens, A.; Yachmenev, A.; Thiel, W.; Tennyson, J.; Yurchenko, S. N.

2017-11-01

A variationally computed 28SiH4 rotation-vibration line list applicable for temperatures up to T = 1200 K is presented. The line list, called OY2T, considers transitions with rotational excitation up to J = 42 in the wavenumber range 0-5000 cm-1 (wavelengths λ > 2 μm). Just under 62.7 billion transitions have been calculated between 6.1 million energy levels. Rovibrational calculations have utilized a new `spectroscopic' potential energy surface determined by empirical refinement to 1452 experimentally derived energy levels up to J = 6, and a previously reported ab initio dipole moment surface. The temperature-dependent partition function of silane, the OY2T line list format, and the temperature dependence of the OY2T line list are discussed. Comparisons with the PNNL spectral library and other experimental sources indicate that the OY2T line list is robust and able to accurately reproduce weaker intensity features. The full line list is available from the ExoMol data base and the CDS data base.

Non-chemically amplified 193-nm top surface imaging photoresist development: polymer substituent and polydispersity effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Myoung-Soo; Kim, Hyoung-Gi; Kim, Hyeong-Soo; Baik, Ki-Ho; Johnson, Donald W.; Cernigliaro, George J.; Minsek, David W.

1999-06-01

Thin film imaging processes such as top surface imaging (TSI) are candidates for sub-150 nm lithography using 193 nm lithography. Single component, non-chemically amplified, positive tone TSI photoresists based on phenolic polymers demonstrate good post-etch contrast, resolution, and minimal line edge roughness, in addition to being the most straightforward thin film imaging approach. In this approach, ArF laser exposure results directly in radiation- induced crosslinking of the phenolic polymer, followed by formation of a thin etch mask at the surface of the un- exposed regions by vapor-phase silylation, followed by reactive ion etching of the non-silylated regions. However, single component resists based on poly(para-hydroxystryene) (PHS), such as MicroChem's Nano MX-P7, suffer from slow photospeed as well as low silylation contrast which can cause reproducibility and line-edge-roughness problems. We report that selected aromatic substitution of the poly(para- hydroxystryene) polymer can increase the photospeed by up to a factor of four relative to un-substituted PHS. In this paper we report the synthesis and lithographic evaluations of four experimental TSI photoresists. MX-EX-1, MX-EX-2, MX- EX-3 and MX-EX-4 are non-chemically amplified resists based on aromatic substitutions of chloro- and hydroxymethyl- groups and PHS. We report optimized lithographic processing conditions, line edge roughness, silylation contrast, and compare the results to the parent PHS photoresist.

30 CFR 1227.501 - What are a State's responsibilities to ensure that reporters correct erroneous data?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., incorrect lease/agreement numbers, and missing data fields; (c) Submit accepted and corrected lines to ONRR... that reporters correct erroneous data? 1227.501 Section 1227.501 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE... responsibilities to ensure that reporters correct erroneous data? To ensure the correction of erroneous data, you...

30 CFR 50.30-1 - General instructions for completing MSHA Form 7000-2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Operations, Preparation Plants, Breakers: Report data on all persons employed at your milling (crushing...) Employment, Employee Hours, and Coal Production—(1) Operation Sub-Unit: (i) Underground Mine: Report data for... underground mine, report data for those persons on the second line; (ii) Surface Mine (Including Shops and...

30 CFR 50.30-1 - General instructions for completing MSHA Form 7000-2.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Operations, Preparation Plants, Breakers: Report data on all persons employed at your milling (crushing...) Employment, Employee Hours, and Coal Production—(1) Operation Sub-Unit: (i) Underground Mine: Report data for... underground mine, report data for those persons on the second line; (ii) Surface Mine (Including Shops and...

Measurements of Deposition, Lung Surface Area and Lung Fluid for Simulation of Inhaled Compounds.

PubMed

Fröhlich, Eleonore; Mercuri, Annalisa; Wu, Shengqian; Salar-Behzadi, Sharareh

2016-01-01

Modern strategies in drug development employ in silico techniques in the design of compounds as well as estimations of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity parameters. The quality of the results depends on software algorithm, data library and input data. Compared to simulations of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of oral drug compounds, relatively few studies report predictions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled substances. For calculation of the drug concentration at the absorption site, the pulmonary epithelium, physiological parameters such as lung surface and distribution volume (lung lining fluid) have to be known. These parameters can only be determined by invasive techniques and by postmortem studies. Very different values have been reported in the literature. This review addresses the state of software programs for simulation of orally inhaled substances and focuses on problems in the determination of particle deposition, lung surface and of lung lining fluid. The different surface areas for deposition and for drug absorption are difficult to include directly into the simulations. As drug levels are influenced by multiple parameters the role of single parameters in the simulations cannot be identified easily.

Early human bone response to laser metal sintering surface topography: a histologic report.

PubMed

Mangano, Carlo; Piattelli, Adriano; d'Avila, Susana; Iezzi, Giovanna; Mangano, Francesco; Onuma, Tatiana; Shibli, Jamil Awad

2010-01-01

This histologic report evaluated the early human bone response to a direct laser metal sintering implant surface retrieved after a short period of healing. A selective laser sintering procedure using a Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder with a particle size of 25-45 microm prepared this surface topography. One experimental microimplant was inserted into the anterior mandible of a patient during conventional implant surgery of the jaw. The microimplant and surrounding tissues were removed after 2 months of unloaded healing and were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. Histologically, the peri-implant bone appeared in close contact with the implant surface, whereas marrow spaces could be detected in other areas along with prominently stained cement lines. The mean of bone-to-implant contact was 69.51%. The results of this histologic report suggest that the laser metal sintering surface could be a promising alternative to conventional implant surface topographies.

Femtosecond laser induced tunable surface transformations on (111) Si aided by square grids diffraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Han, Weina; Jiang, Lan; Li, Xiaowei, E-mail: lixiaowei@bit.edu.cn

We report an extra freedom to modulate the femtosecond laser energy distribution to control the surface ablated structures through a copper-grid mask. Due to the reduced deposited pulse energy by changing the scanning speed or the pulse fluence, a sequential evolution of three distinctly different surface patterns with periodic distributions is formed, namely, striped ripple lines, ripple microdots, and surface modification. By changing the scanning speed, the number of the multiple dots in a lattice can be modulated. Moreover, by exploring the ablation process through the copper grid mask, it shows an abnormal enhanced ablation effect with strong dependence ofmore » the diffraction-aided fs laser ablated surface structures on polarization direction. The sensitivity shows a quasi-cosinusoid-function with a periodicity of π/2. Particularly, the connection process of striped ripple lines manifests a preferential formation direction with the laser polarization.« less

Full Stokes IQUV spectropolarimetry of AGB and post-AGB stars: probing surface magnetism and atmospheric dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lèbre, Agnès; Aurière, Michel; Fabas, Nicolas; Gillet, Denis; Josselin, Eric; Mathias, Philippe; Petit, Pascal

2015-10-01

Full Stokes spectropolarimetric observations of a Mira star (χ Cyg) and a RV Tauri star (R Sct) are presented and analyzed comparatively. From their Stokes V data (circular polarization), we report the detection of a weak magnetic field at the surface of these cool and evolved radially pulsating stars. For both stars, we analyse this detection in the framework of their complex atmospheric dynamics, with the possibility that shock waves may imprint an efficient compressive effect on the surface magnetic field. We also report strong Stokes U and Stokes Q signatures associated to metallic lines (as a global trend), those linear polarimetric features appear to be time variable along the pulsating phase. More surprising, in the Stokes U and Stokes Q data, we also detect signatures associated to individual metallic lines (such as Sr i 460.7 nm, Na D2 588.9 nm), that are known (from the solar case) to be easily polarizable in case of a global asymmetry at the photospheric level.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lyu, Sungnam, E-mail: blueden@postech.ac.kr; Hwang, Woonbong, E-mail: whwang@postech.ac.kr

Patterning techniques are essential to many research fields such as chemistry, biology, medicine, and micro-electromechanical systems. In this letter, we report a simple, fast, and low-cost superhydrophobic patterning method using a superhydrophilic template. The technique is based on the contact stamping of the surface during hydrophobic dip coating. Surface characteristics were measured using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis. The results showed that the hydrophilic template, which was contacted with the stamp, was not affected by the hydrophobic solution. The resolution study was conducted using a stripe shaped stamp. The patterned line was linearly proportional to the widthmore » of the stamp line with a constant narrowing effect. A surface with regions of four different types of wetting was fabricated to demonstrate the patterning performance.« less

In vitro uptake of apoptotic body mimicking phosphatidylserine-quantum dot micelles by monocytic cell line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maiseyeu, Andrei; Bagalkot, Vaishali

2014-04-01

A new quantum dot (QD) PEGylated micelle laced with phosphatidylserine (PS) for specific scavenger receptor-mediated uptake by macrophages is reported. The size and surface chemistry of PS-QD micelles were characterized by standard methods and the effects of their physicochemical properties on specific targeting and uptake were comprehensively studied in a monocytic cell line (J774A.1).

Atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted femtosecond laser engraving of aluminium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerhard, Christoph; Gimpel, Thomas; Tasche, Daniel; Koch née Hoffmeister, Jennifer; Brückner, Stephan; Flachenecker, Günter; Wieneke, Stephan; Schade, Wolfgang; Viöl, Wolfgang

2018-05-01

In this contribution, we report on the impact of direct dielectric barrier discharge argon plasma at atmospheric pressure on femtosecond laser engraving of aluminium. It is shown that the assisting plasma strongly affects the surface geometry and formation of spikes of both laser-engraved single lines and patterns of adjacent lines with an appropriate overlap. Further, it was observed that the overall ablation depth is significantly increased in case of large-scale patterning whereas no notable differences in ablation depth are found for single lines. Several possible mechanisms and underlying effects of this behaviour are suggested. The increase in ablation depth is supposed to be due to a plasma-induced removal of debris particles from the cutting point via charging and oxidation as supported by EDX analysis of the re-solidified debris. Furthermore, the impact of a higher degree of surface wrinkling as well as direct interactions of plasma species with the aluminium surface on the ablation process are discussed.

Enhancement of lateral flow assay performance by electromagnetic relocation of reporter particles

PubMed Central

Jacinto, Maria João; Trabuco, João R. C.; Vu, Binh V.; Garvey, Gavin; Khodadady, Mohammad; Azevedo, Ana M.; Aires-Barros, Maria Raquel; Chang, Long; Kourentzi, Katerina; Litvinov, Dmitri

2018-01-01

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a widely-used point-of care diagnostic format, but suffer from limited analytical sensitivity, especially when read by eye. It has recently been reported that LFA performance can be improved by using magnetic reporter particles and an external magnetic field applied at the test line. The mechanism of sensitivity/performance enhancement was suggested to be concentration/retardation of reporter particles at the test line. Here we demonstrate an additional mechanism of particle relocation where reporter particles from the lower depths of the translucent LFA strip relocate to more-visible locations nearer to the top surface, producing a more visible signal. With a magnetic field we observed an improvement in sensitivity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) detection from 1.25 ng/mL to 0.31 ng/mL. We also observed an increase of the color intensity per particle in test lines when the magnetic field was present. PMID:29309424

Droplet sliding on inclined superhydrophobic surfaces: the effect of anisotropic contact line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Youhua; Cao, Lile; Guo, Zongqi; Choi, Chang-Hwan

2017-11-01

Although the effects of solid structures on droplet retention on superhydrophobic surfaces have been studied extensively, the investigation has been restricted to the sessile droplets on horizontal surfaces where the contact line motions are axisymmetric or isotropic (either advancing or receding). In the droplet retention on inclined surfaces, the contact line motions are asymmetric or anisotropic; the advancing and receding motions coexist. In this study, we investigate the correlation between the droplet boundary pinning and the surface morphology on inclined superhydrophobic surfaces. The evolution of the droplet contact angle and width show contrary behaviors between pillar- and pore-structured surfaces due to the distinctive microscopic contact line motions. Therefore, the visualizations of the contact line motions at different locations of the boundary on inclined superhydrophobic surfaces are performed and the averaged contact line density of the boundary is quantified. The result shows that the droplet retentive force monotonously increase with the increase in contact line density, regardless of the surface morphological types, dimensions, or the direction of contact line motion (advancing, receding, or both). The result indicates that the droplet retentive force on superhydrophobic surfaces is mainly determined by the contact line density, regardless of the isotropy of the contact line.

Error Reduction Methods for Integrated-path Differential-absorption Lidar Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Jeffrey R.; Numata, Kenji; Wu, Stewart T.

2012-01-01

We report new modeling and error reduction methods for differential-absorption optical-depth (DAOD) measurements of atmospheric constituents using direct-detection integrated-path differential-absorption lidars. Errors from laser frequency noise are quantified in terms of the line center fluctuation and spectral line shape of the laser pulses, revealing relationships verified experimentally. A significant DAOD bias is removed by introducing a correction factor. Errors from surface height and reflectance variations can be reduced to tolerable levels by incorporating altimetry knowledge and "log after averaging", or by pointing the laser and receiver to a fixed surface spot during each wavelength cycle to shorten the time of "averaging before log".

Separated flows receptivity for external disturbances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zanin, B. Yu.

2017-10-01

Results of experimental investigations of the flow over a straight-wing model in a low-turbulence wind tunnel are reported. The influence of a turbulent wake due to a thin filament on the structure of boundary layer on the model surface was examined. Also the fishing line was installed in the test section of the wind tunnel and the effect of line on the boundary-layer flow structure is considered. Flow visualization in boundary layer and hot-wire measurements were performed. The wake and the grid substantially modified the boundary layer flow pattern: the separation disappeared from the wing surface, and the formation of longitudinal structures was observed.

Surface receptors on human haematopoietic cell lines.

PubMed Central

Huber, C; Sundström, C; Nilsson, K; Wigzell, H

1976-01-01

The expression of complement receptors, of Fc receptors, of SRBC receptors and of S-Ig was investigated on human haematopoietic cell lines of proved malignant derivation. According to their origin and to a panel of phenotypic markers these lines have been classified into lymphoma lines, myeloma lines and leukemia lines. Results were compared with those obtained on non-malignant EBV carrying lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Among the lymphoid cell lines the LCL showed a pattern of B-lymphocyte surface markers, i.e. surface immunoglobulins, C3 receptors but low density of Fc receptors. The non-Burkitt lymphoma lines bore in varying degree these B-lymphocyte markers. The lines U-698 M and DG-75 were exceptional in having only surface immunoglobulin. The Burkitt lymphoma lines had all B-lymphocyte markers. The myeloma lines differed from the lymphoid lines in lacking C3 and Fc receptors and showed only trace amounts of surface immunoglobulins. In contrast to lymphoid and myeloma lines, the leukaemia lines were completely lacking surface immunoglobulins, but showed C3 and Fc receptors in variable densities. On line, the ALL derived line MOLT-3 showed the capacity to spontaneous rosette formation with SRBC. The findings that LCL presented a homogeneous pattern of B-lymphocyte surface markers may be of value in order to discriminate between these lines and lines derived from haematopoietic malignancies other than Burkitt lymphomas. PMID:963908

4F2 monoclonal antibody recognizes a surface antigen on spread human fibroblasts of embryonic but not of adult origin

PubMed Central

1984-01-01

The 4F2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown to recognize a 120- kilodalton glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of human peripheral blood monocytes, activated (but not resting) T or B cells, and T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. In this report we show that 4F2 mAb specifically binds to the surface of adherent human embryonic fibroblasts but fails to bind to normal adult fibroblasts. Moreover, 4F2 antigen was expressed on sarcoma-derived or SV40-transformed adult fibroblastic cells. Finally, addition of 4F2 mAb inhibited the growth of cultured HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell line, but had no inhibitory effect on various embryonic and adult normal or transformed fibroblasts. PMID:6538202

[Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking water. 5. Communication: Macrocolonies on the cement mortar lining in a water main (author's transl)].

PubMed

Schoenen, D

1980-09-01

It is reported a microbial growth in form of macrocolonies on a cement mortar line in a potable water main. Simultaneously an increase of bacterial content in the water could be observed. The bacterial content could be reduced by chlorination, but the microbial growth on the surface of the lining was not suppressed. Macrocolonies could be observed the same as before at the last inspection 6 1/2 years after opening of the main.

Epidermal cyst mimicking incision line metastasis.

PubMed

Gündoğdu, Ramazan; Ayhan, Erhan; Çolak, Tahsin

2017-01-01

Epidermal cysts are cystic tumors lined with keratinized squamous layer and filled with keratin debris. Epidermal cysts may develop by implantation of surface epidermal layer into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue after trauma or surgical procedures. Cervix cancer spreads either directly or via the vascular and lymphatic systems. Distant skin metastasis of endometrium or cervix cancer is very rare. In this case report, a patient who had a history of cervix cancer operation 11 years ago and presented with a mass that mimicked incision line metastasis and was histopathologically diagnosed with epidermal cyst is presented.

Epidermal cyst mimicking incision line metastasis

PubMed Central

Gündoğdu, Ramazan; Ayhan, Erhan; Çolak, Tahsin

2017-01-01

Epidermal cysts are cystic tumors lined with keratinized squamous layer and filled with keratin debris. Epidermal cysts may develop by implantation of surface epidermal layer into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue after trauma or surgical procedures. Cervix cancer spreads either directly or via the vascular and lymphatic systems. Distant skin metastasis of endometrium or cervix cancer is very rare. In this case report, a patient who had a history of cervix cancer operation 11 years ago and presented with a mass that mimicked incision line metastasis and was histopathologically diagnosed with epidermal cyst is presented. PMID:28740968

Measurements of Deposition, Lung Surface Area and Lung Fluid for Simulation of Inhaled Compounds

PubMed Central

Fröhlich, Eleonore; Mercuri, Annalisa; Wu, Shengqian; Salar-Behzadi, Sharareh

2016-01-01

Modern strategies in drug development employ in silico techniques in the design of compounds as well as estimations of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity parameters. The quality of the results depends on software algorithm, data library and input data. Compared to simulations of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of oral drug compounds, relatively few studies report predictions of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled substances. For calculation of the drug concentration at the absorption site, the pulmonary epithelium, physiological parameters such as lung surface and distribution volume (lung lining fluid) have to be known. These parameters can only be determined by invasive techniques and by postmortem studies. Very different values have been reported in the literature. This review addresses the state of software programs for simulation of orally inhaled substances and focuses on problems in the determination of particle deposition, lung surface and of lung lining fluid. The different surface areas for deposition and for drug absorption are difficult to include directly into the simulations. As drug levels are influenced by multiple parameters the role of single parameters in the simulations cannot be identified easily. PMID:27445817

Surface Operations Systems Improve Airport Efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

With Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from Ames Research Center, Mosaic ATM of Leesburg, Virginia created software to analyze surface operations at airports. Surface surveillance systems, which report locations every second for thousands of air and ground vehicles, generate massive amounts of data, making gathering and analyzing this information difficult. Mosaic?s Surface Operations Data Analysis and Adaptation (SODAA) tool is an off-line support tool that can analyze how well the airport surface operation is working and can help redesign procedures to improve operations. SODAA helps researchers pinpoint trends and correlations in vast amounts of recorded airport operations data.

Direct-referencing Two-dimensional-array Digital Microfluidics Using Multi-layer Printed Circuit Board

PubMed Central

Gong, Jian; Kim, Chang-Jin “CJ”

2008-01-01

Digital (i.e. droplet-based) microfluidics, by the electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) mechanism, has shown great potential for a wide range of applications, such as lab-on-a-chip. While most reported EWOD chips use a series of electrode pads essentially in one-dimensional line pattern designed for specific tasks, the desired universal chips allowing user-reconfigurable paths would require the electrode pads in two-dimensional pattern. However, to electrically access the electrode pads independently, conductive lines need to be fabricated underneath the pads in multiple layers, raising a cost issue especially for disposable chip applications. In this article, we report the building of digital microfluidic plates based on a printed-circuit-board (PCB), in which multilayer electrical access lines were created inexpensively using mature PCB technology. However, due to its surface topography and roughness and resulting high resistance against droplet movement, as-fabricated PCB surfaces require unacceptably high (~500 V) voltages unless coated with or immersed in oil. Our goal is EWOD operations of aqueous droplets not only on oil-covered but also on dry surfaces. To meet varying levels of performances, three types of gradually complex post-PCB microfabrication processes are developed and evaluated. By introducing land-grid-array (LGA) sockets in the packaging, a scalable digital microfluidics system with reconfigurable and low-cost chip is also demonstrated. PMID:19234613

Investigation on earthquake ground motions observed along a north-south survey line in the Kumamoto Plain, during the aftershocks of 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuno, S.; Korenaga, M.; Okamoto, K.; Chimoto, K.; Yamanaka, H.; Yamada, N.; Matsushima, T.

2017-12-01

To evaluate local site effects in the Kumamoto Plain, we installed 15 temporary seismic stations along the north-south survey line, after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake foreshock (Mj 6.4). In this report, to investigate earthquake ground motions observed along the north-south survey line, we estimated site amplification factors from weak ground motion data and estimated S-wave velocity structures by array microtremor observations at temporary seismic stations. We installed 15 temporary seismic stations at an interval of 300m to 2.5km along the north-south survey line. We estimated site amplification factors, with a station at Mt. Kinbo as a reference. Site amplification factors at the middle part and the southern part along the survey line, located in the alluvial lowland, were dominated in the frequency of 1-2Hz. On the other hand, site amplification factors at the northern part along the survey line were dominated in the frequency of 2-5Hz. It suggests that the ground profiles near the surface are complicate along this north-south survey line in the Kumamoto Plain. Therefore, we performed array microtremor observations at the temporary seismic stations, to estimate S-wave velocity structures along the north-south survey line. We obtained phase velocities of Rayleigh waves by the SPAC method and estimated S-wave velocity structures by applying the Genetic Algorism to those phase velocity. The low velocity layer with a thickness of around 15m was deposited on the surface at sites located in the alluvial lowland. Finally, we compared the distribution of PGAs observed along the north-south survey line to AVs30 estimated by S-wave velocity structures. As a result, PGAs along the survey line were strongly concerned by AVs30. We concluded that earthquake ground motions in the frequency of more than 1Hz observed in this north-south survey line were excited by the low velocity layer near the surface.

Evaluation of surface energy and carbon fluxes within a large wind farm during the CWEX-10/11 Crop Wind-energy EXperiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajewski, D. A.; Takle, E. S.; Prueger, J. H.; Oncley, S.; Horst, T. W.; Pfeiffer, R.; Hatfield, J.; Spoth, K. K.; Doorenbos, R.

2012-12-01

The Crop Wind-energy EXperiment conducted in summer 2010 (very moist conditions) and summer 2011 (abnormally dry) included measurements of wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, turbulence kinetic energy, H2O, and CO2 at stations north and south of a line of turbines at the southwest edge of a large-scale 200-turbine wind farm (prevailing wind from the south). In contrast to previous studies that have reported turbine influences on surface wind speed and temperature, this report focuses on scalar fluxes of heat, H2O, and CO2. From previous measurements in agricultural fields we recognize the importance of non-turbine factors in analysis of the flux differences: variability of soil characteristics, moisture content, crop cultivar, management practices, planting dates, etc., which can create differences in what looks like a uniform field of maize (corn). We conceptualize the influences of turbines at canopy height at a given location in the field to arise from (1) wakes of reduced wind speed and turbulence conditions different from ambient that intersect the surface, (2) wakes that are passing overhead and interrupt the ambient turbulence that scales with height, or (3) changes in static pressure upwind and downwind of lines of turbines that create small-scale pressure gradients, localized flows, and changes to the vertical exchange of scalar variables. The turbine SCADA wind speed and wind direction provided by the wind farm operator facilitated our comparison of surface fluxes upwind and downwind as wakes moved laterally throughout the day and night. We report multiple levels of evidence that wind turbines increase vertical exchange of carbon dioxide and water vapor over the canopy. Latent heat and carbon fluxes are responsive to slight changes in the turbine wake position, and the flux differences are maximized when the periphery of the wake edge is above the station. The flux stations north of the turbine line report a larger net ecosystem exchange accumulation over both the 2010 and 2011 measurement periods than for the reference towers south of the turbine line. Future experiments however, must address if and to what extent this enhanced CO2 flux is assimilated to the crop and whether or not the bio-physiological response to this effect among many other turbine-related factors (e.g. higher nighttime temperature and higher daytime transpiration) modifies overall crop yield.

Immunization with SV40-transformed cells yields mainly MHC-restricted monoclonal antibodies

PubMed Central

1986-01-01

Recognition of antigens on cell surfaces only in the context of the MHC- encoded alloantigens of the presenting cell (self + X) has classically been considered the province of T cells. However, evidence from several sources has indicated that B cells and antibodies can exhibit self + X- restricted recognition as well. This report concerns the mAb response to SV40-transformed H-2b fibroblast cell lines. The specificities of the antibodies obtained have been analyzed for binding to a panel of SV40-transformed H-2-syngeneic, H-2-allogeneic, and H-2b mutant fibroblast cell lines, as well as cell lines not bearing cell surface SV40 transformation-associated antigens. A large proportion of primary C57BL/6 (71%) and BALB/c (68%) splenic B cells responding to in vitro stimulation with SV40-transformed H-2b cells recognize cell surface antigens associated with SV40 transformation only when coexpressed with MHC antigens of the immunizing cell, particularly the Kb molecule, on transformed cells. To extensively define the nature of antigen recognition by these antibodies, we have generated and characterized nine hybridoma antibodies specific for SV40-transformed H-2-syngeneic cell lines. Seven of these hybridoma antibodies recognize SV40- associated transformation antigens in the context of H-2b molecules. Six of these are restricted by the Kb molecule and discriminate among a panel of SV40-transformed Kb mutant cell lines, thus confirming the participation of class I MHC-encoded molecules in the recognition by B cells of cell surface antigens. PMID:3014034

Automating data analysis during the inspection of boiler tubes using line scanning thermography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ley, Obdulia; Momeni, Sepand; Ostroff, Jason; Godinez, Valery

2012-05-01

Failures in boiler waterwalls can occur when a relatively small amount of corrosion and loss of metal have been experienced. This study presents our efforts towards the application of Line Scanning Thermography (LST) for the analysis of thinning in boiler waterwall tubing. LST utilizes a line heat source to thermally excite the surface to be inspected and an infrared detector to record the transient surface temperature increase observed due to the presence of voids, thinning or other defects. In waterwall boiler tubes the defects that can be detected using LST correspond to corrosion pitting, hydrogen damage and wall thinning produced by inadequate burner heating or problems with the water chemistry. In this paper we discuss how the LST technique is implemented to determine thickness from the surface temperature data, and we describe our efforts towards developing a semiautomatic analysis tool to speed up the time between scanning, reporting and implementing repairs. We compare the density of data produced by the common techniques used to assess wall thickness and the data produced by LST.

Defective calmodulin-dependent rapid apical endocytosis in zebrafish sensory hair cell mutants.

PubMed

Seiler, C; Nicolson, T

1999-11-15

Vertebrate mechanosensory hair cells contain a narrow "pericuticular" zone which is densely populated with small vesicles between the cuticular plate and cellular junctions near the apical surface. The presence of many cytoplasmic vesicles suggests that the apical surface of hair cells has a high turnover rate. The significance of intense membrane trafficking at the apical surface is not known. Using a marker of endocytosis, the styryl dye FM1-43, this report shows that rapid apical endocytosis in zebrafish lateral line sensory hair cells is calcium and calmodulin dependent and is partially blocked by the presence of amiloride and dihydrostreptomycin, known inhibitors of mechanotransduction channels. As seen in lateral line hair cells, sensory hair cells within the larval otic capsule also exhibit rapid apical endocytosis. Defects in internalization of the dye in both lateral line and inner ear hair cells were found in five zebrafish auditory/vestibular mutants: sputnik, mariner, orbiter, mercury, and skylab. In addition, lateral line hair cells in these mutants were not sensitive to prolonged exposure to streptomycin, which is toxic to hair cells. The presence of endocytic defects in the majority of zebrafish mechanosensory mutants points to a important role of apical endocytosis in hair cell function. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lining seam elimination algorithm and surface crack detection in concrete tunnel lining

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qu, Zhong; Bai, Ling; An, Shi-Quan; Ju, Fang-Rong; Liu, Ling

2016-11-01

Due to the particularity of the surface of concrete tunnel lining and the diversity of detection environments such as uneven illumination, smudges, localized rock falls, water leakage, and the inherent seams of the lining structure, existing crack detection algorithms cannot detect real cracks accurately. This paper proposed an algorithm that combines lining seam elimination with the improved percolation detection algorithm based on grid cell analysis for surface crack detection in concrete tunnel lining. First, check the characteristics of pixels within the overlapping grid to remove the background noise and generate the percolation seed map (PSM). Second, cracks are detected based on the PSM by the accelerated percolation algorithm so that the fracture unit areas can be scanned and connected. Finally, the real surface cracks in concrete tunnel lining can be obtained by removing the lining seam and performing percolation denoising. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately, quickly, and effectively detect the real surface cracks. Furthermore, it can fill the gap in the existing concrete tunnel lining surface crack detection by removing the lining seam.

30 CFR 75.705-2 - Repairs to energized surface high-voltage lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Repairs to energized surface high-voltage lines... Repairs to energized surface high-voltage lines. An energized high-voltage surface line may be repaired... on power circuits with a phase-to-phase nominal voltage no greater than 15,000 volts; (3) Such...

Tonic B-cell receptor signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

PubMed

Havranek, Ondrej; Xu, Jingda; Köhrer, Stefan; Wang, Zhiqiang; Becker, Lisa; Comer, Justin M; Henderson, Jared; Ma, Wencai; Man Chun Ma, John; Westin, Jason R; Ghosh, Dipanjan; Shinners, Nicholas; Sun, Luhong; Yi, Allen F; Karri, Anusha R; Burger, Jan A; Zal, Tomasz; Davis, R Eric

2017-08-24

We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated genomic modification to investigate B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in cell lines of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Three manipulations that altered BCR genes without affecting surface BCR levels showed that BCR signaling differs between the germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype, which is insensitive to Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition by ibrutinib, and the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype. Replacing antigen-binding BCR regions had no effect on BCR signaling in GCB-DLBCL lines, reflecting this subtype's exclusive use of tonic BCR signaling. Conversely, Y188F mutation in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif of CD79A inhibited tonic BCR signaling in GCB-DLBCL lines but did not affect their calcium flux after BCR cross-linking or the proliferation of otherwise-unmodified ABC-DLBCL lines. CD79A-GFP fusion showed BCR clustering or diffuse distribution, respectively, in lines of ABC and GCB subtypes. Tonic BCR signaling acts principally to activate AKT, and forced activation of AKT rescued GCB-DLBCL lines from knockout (KO) of the BCR or 2 mediators of tonic BCR signaling, SYK and CD19. The magnitude and importance of tonic BCR signaling to proliferation and size of GCB-DLBCL lines, shown by the effect of BCR KO, was highly variable; in contrast, pan-AKT KO was uniformly toxic. This discrepancy was explained by finding that BCR KO-induced changes in AKT activity (measured by gene expression, CXCR4 level, and a fluorescent reporter) correlated with changes in proliferation and with baseline BCR surface density. PTEN protein expression and BCR surface density may influence clinical response to therapeutic inhibition of tonic BCR signaling in DLBCL. © 2017 by The American Society of Hematology.

Non-specific cellular uptake of surface-functionalized quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelf, T. A.; Sreenivasan, V. K. A.; Sun, J.; Kim, E. J.; Goldys, E. M.; Zvyagin, A. V.

2010-07-01

We report a systematic empirical study of nanoparticle internalization into cells via non-specific pathways. The nanoparticles were comprised of commercial quantum dots (QDs) that were highly visible under a fluorescence confocal microscope. Surface-modified QDs with basic biologically significant moieties, e.g. carboxyl, amino, and streptavidin, were used, in combination with surface derivatization with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for a range of immortalized cell lines. Internalization rates were derived from image analysis and a detailed discussion about the effect of nanoparticle size, charge and surface groups is presented. We find that PEG derivatization dramatically suppresses the non-specific uptake while PEG-free carboxyl and amine functional groups promote QD internalization. These uptake variations displayed a remarkable consistency across different cell types. The reported results are important for experiments concerned with cellular uptake of surface-functionalized nanomaterials, both when non-specific internalization is undesirable and when it is intended for material to be internalized as efficiently as possible.

Analyzing the Molecular Kinetics of Water Spreading on Hydrophobic Surfaces via Molecular Dynamics Simulation.

PubMed

Zhao, Lei; Cheng, Jiangtao

2017-09-07

In this paper, we report molecular kinetic analyses of water spreading on hydrophobic surfaces via molecular dynamics simulation. The hydrophobic surfaces are composed of amorphous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a static contact angle of ~112.4° for water. On the basis of the molecular kinetic theory (MKT), the influences of both viscous damping and solid-liquid retarding were analyzed in evaluating contact line friction, which characterizes the frictional force on the contact line. The unit displacement length on PTFE was estimated to be ~0.621 nm and is ~4 times as long as the bond length of C-C backbone. The static friction coefficient was found to be ~[Formula: see text] Pa·s, which is on the same order of magnitude as the dynamic viscosity of water, and increases with the droplet size. A nondimensional number defined by the ratio of the standard deviation of wetting velocity to the characteristic wetting velocity was put forward to signify the strength of the inherent contact line fluctuation and unveil the mechanism of enhanced energy dissipation in nanoscale, whereas such effect would become insignificant in macroscale. Moreover, regarding a liquid droplet on hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces, an approximate solution to the base radius development was derived by an asymptotic expansion approach.

Printed circuit dispersive transmission line

DOEpatents

Ikezi, Hiroyuki; Lin-Liu, Yuh-Ren; DeGrassie, John S.

1991-01-01

A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other.

Dirac node arcs in PtSn 4

DOE PAGES

Wu, Yun; Wang, Lin -Lin; Mun, Eundeok; ...

2016-04-04

In topological quantum materials 1,2,3 the conduction and valence bands are connected at points or along lines in the momentum space. A number of studies have demonstrated that several materials are indeed Dirac/Weyl semimetals 4,5,6,7,8. However, there is still no experimental confirmation of materials with line nodes, in which the Dirac nodes form closed loops in the momentum space 2,3. Here we report the discovery of a novel topological structure—Dirac node arcs—in the ultrahigh magnetoresistive material PtSn 4 using laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data and density functional theory calculations. Unlike the closed loops of line nodes, the Dirac node arcmore » structure arises owing to the surface states and resembles the Dirac dispersion in graphene that is extended along a short line in the momentum space. Here, we propose that this reported Dirac node arc structure is a novel topological state that provides an exciting platform for studying the exotic properties of Dirac fermions.« less

De-pinning of contact line of droplets on rough surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madhurima, V.; Nilavarasi, K.

2016-10-01

The present study reports the formation of self-assembled droplet pattern on the PDMS polymer coated over grooved side of DVD under saturated vapours of alcohols. Comparison of the results with breath figures formed over unconstrained side of DVD is made. Four different environments namely methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and n-butanol are used for the analysis. It is observed that the pattern formation occurs with methanol and ethanol vapours and not with 2-propanol and n-butanol. The difference is pattern formation with different alcohols is attributed to the variation in chain length and the presence of hydrophobic groups in alcohols, as given by Traube's rule. The distortion of patterns over constrained surface is attributed to the depinning of contact lines.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Proceedings of the IREAPS Technical Symposium. Paper No. 24: MAPLIS: An On-Line Materials Resource Planning System Tailored to the Shipbuilding and Offshore Industry

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

Offshore Industry U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY CARDEROCK DIVISION, NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No . 0704...INNOVATION MARINE INDUSTRY STANDARDS WELDING INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE NATIONAL SHIPBUILDING RESEARCH PROGRAM September 1982 NSRP 0009...Proceedings of the IREAPS Technical Symposium Paper No . 24: MAPLIS: An On-Line Materials Resource Planning System Tailored to the Shipbuilding and

A rigorous detection of interstellar CH3NCO: An important missing species in astrochemical networks.

PubMed

Cernicharo, J; Kisiel, Z; Tercero, B; Kolesniková, L; Medvedev, I R; López, A; Fortman, S; Winnewisser, M; de Lucia, F C; Alonso, J L; Guillemin, J-C

2016-03-01

The recent analysis of the composition of the frozen surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko has revealed a significant number of complex organic molecules. Methyl isocyanate (CH 3 NCO) is one of the more abundant species detected on the comet surface. In this work we report extensive characterization of its rotational spectrum resulting in a list of 1269 confidently assigned laboratory lines and its detection in space towards the Orion clouds where 399 lines of the molecule have been unambiguously identified. We find that the limited mm-wave laboratory data reported prior to our work require some revision. The abundance of CH 3 NCO in Orion is only a factor of ten below those of HNCO and CH 3 CN. Unlike the molecular abundances in the coma of comets, which correlate with those of warm molecular clouds, molecular abundances in the gas phase in Orion are only weakly correlated with those measured on the comet surface. We also compare our abundances with those derived recently for this molecule towards Sgr B2 (Halfen et al. 2015). A more accurate abundance of CH 3 NCO is provided for this cloud based on our extensive laboratory work.

A rigorous detection of interstellar CH3NCO: An important missing species in astrochemical networks⋆,⋆⋆

PubMed Central

Cernicharo, J.; Kisiel, Z.; Tercero, B.; Kolesniková, L.; Medvedev, I.R.; López, A.; Fortman, S.; Winnewisser, M.; de Lucia, F. C.; Alonso, J. L.; Guillemin, J.-C.

2016-01-01

The recent analysis of the composition of the frozen surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko has revealed a significant number of complex organic molecules. Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is one of the more abundant species detected on the comet surface. In this work we report extensive characterization of its rotational spectrum resulting in a list of 1269 confidently assigned laboratory lines and its detection in space towards the Orion clouds where 399 lines of the molecule have been unambiguously identified. We find that the limited mm-wave laboratory data reported prior to our work require some revision. The abundance of CH3NCO in Orion is only a factor of ten below those of HNCO and CH3CN. Unlike the molecular abundances in the coma of comets, which correlate with those of warm molecular clouds, molecular abundances in the gas phase in Orion are only weakly correlated with those measured on the comet surface. We also compare our abundances with those derived recently for this molecule towards Sgr B2 (Halfen et al. 2015). A more accurate abundance of CH3NCO is provided for this cloud based on our extensive laboratory work. PMID:27274565

Evaluation of hot in-place recycling.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-08-01

This report documents the surface recycling of 7.688 miles (12.37 km) of Interstate 55 in Pike County from : about 10 miles (16.1 km) south of McComb to the Louisiana state line. The recycling equipment was by : Remixer Contracting Co., Inc. of Austi...

Intersecting fractures of the skull and gunshot wounds. Case report and literature review.

PubMed

Viel, Guido; Gehl, Axel; Sperhake, Jan P

2009-01-01

When two fracture lines of a solid surface (ice, glass, eggshell, etc.) intersect, it is always possible to tell which one has been made first. Indeed pre-existing damage of the surface arrests all the fracture lines produced by subsequent impacts. This well-known principle (established by Puppe in 1903) has been largely used in glass fracture analysis, but can be applied also to the examination of skull fractures. It can help sequencing blunt force or gunshot injuries determining the direction of fire and differentiating entrance from exit wounds in the absence of specific distinguishing features (i.e., internal/external beveling of the skull or overlying skin indicators). In this context, we report the case of a 76-year-old man who shot himself in the mouth with a Walther PPK 7.65 handgun and highlight the utility of the application of both Puppe's Rule and Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) in the examination of gunshot wounds to the skull.

Robust Thermal Control of Propulsion Lines for Space Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhandari, Pradeep

2011-01-01

A document discusses an approach to insulating propulsion lines for spacecraft. In spacecraft that have propulsion lines that are located externally with open bus architecture, the lines are typically insulated by Multi Layer Insulation (MLI) blankets. MLI on propulsion lines tends to have large and somewhat random variances in its heat loss properties (effective emittance) from one location to the next, which makes it an un-robust approach to control propulsion line temperatures. The approach described here consists of a clamshell design in which the inner surface of the shell is coated with low-emissivity aluminized Kapton tape, and the outer surface is covered with black tape. This clamshell completely encloses the propulsion line. The line itself is covered with its heater, which in turn, is covered completely with black tape. This approach would be low in heater power needs because even though the outer surface of the prop line (and its heater) is covered with black tape as well as the outer surface of the clamshell, the inner surface of the clamshell is covered with low-emissivity aluminized Kapton tape. Hence, the heat loss from the line will be small and comparable to the MLI based one. In terms of contamination changing the radiative properties of surfaces, since the clamshell s inner surface is always protected during handling and is only installed after all the work on the prop line has been completed, the controlling surface, which is the clamshell s inner surface, is always in pristine condition. This proposed design allows for a much more deterministic and predictable design using a very simple and implementable approach for thermal control. It also uses low heater power and is robust to handling and contamination during and after implementation.

Joint Services Electronics Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-29

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAG6E I a lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS ~CI~LAI U4ll- iL --- ’ ,, J,,-.,, , 3 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for public...Proximity Gettering with Mega-Electron-Volt-Carbon Implantation 4 GaAs Probing: Surface Properties to 3 -D Field Mapping 8 Miniaturized of Josephson Logic...Materials Studies 21 HFD. 3 . Basic Techniques for Electromagnetic Scattering and Radiation 23 Transmission Line Systems for Millimeter/Submillimeter

Advanced Training Techniques Using Computer Generated Imagery.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-28

described in this report has been made and is submitted along with this report. Unfortunately, the quality possible on standard monochromic 525 line...video tape is not representative of the quality of the presentations as displayed on a color beam penetration visual system, but one can, through the...YORK - LAGUARDIA (TWILIGHT) SEA SURFACE AND WAKE MINNEAPOLIS - ST. PAUL KC-135 TANKER INTERNATIONAL (TWILIGHT) MINNEAPOLIS - ST. PAUL GROUND TARGETS

Line tension of a two dimensional gas-liquid interface.

PubMed

Santra, Mantu; Bagchi, Biman

2009-08-28

In two dimensional (2D) gas-liquid systems, the reported simulation values of line tension are known to disagree with the existing theoretical estimates. We find that while the simulation erred in truncating the range of the interaction potential, and as a result grossly underestimated the actual value, the earlier theoretical calculation was also limited by several approximations. When both the simulation and the theory are improved, we find that the estimate of line tension is in better agreement with each other. The small value of surface tension suggests increased influence of noncircular clusters in 2D gas-liquid nucleation, as indeed observed in a recent simulation.

Printed circuit dispersive transmission line

DOEpatents

Ikezi, H.; Lin-Liu, Y.R.; DeGrassie, J.S.

1991-08-27

A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other. 5 figures.

Unidirectional superhydrophobic surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prakash, Manu; Bush, John

2007-11-01

It has long been known that the hairy, waxy cuticle of water-walking insects renders them water-repellent; they thus exhibit high static contact angles. We have recently demonstrated that by the virtue of the geometry and flexibility of the hair, the integument is also directionally anisotropic and so plays a key propulsive role. We here report our attempts to design and implement an analogous synthetic surface that exhibits unidirectional adhesion. The surface effectively acts like a fluidic-diode; allowing contact lines to advance in only one direction. When vibrated randomly, drops suspended on the surface advance in only one direction. Applications in valve-less pumps and drop transport in microfluidic devices are discussed.

30 CFR 75.154 - Repair of energized surface high voltage lines; qualified person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Repair of energized surface high voltage lines... Certified Persons § 75.154 Repair of energized surface high voltage lines; qualified person. An individual... high voltage lines only if he has had at least 2 years experience in electrical maintenance, and at...

30 CFR 77.104 - Repair of energized surface high-voltage lines; qualified person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Repair of energized surface high-voltage lines... high-voltage lines; qualified person. An individual is a qualified person within the meaning of § 77.704 of this part for the purpose of repairing energized surface high-voltage lines only if he has had...

Multicomponent Droplet Evaporation on Chemical Micro-Patterned Surfaces

PubMed Central

He, Minghao; Liao, Dong; Qiu, Huihe

2017-01-01

The evaporation and dynamics of a multicomponent droplet on a heated chemical patterned surface were presented. Comparing to the evaporation process of a multicomponent droplet on a homogenous surface, it is found that the chemical patterned surface can not only enhance evaporation by elongating the contact line, but also change the evaporation process from three regimes for the homogenous surface including constant contact line (CCL) regime, constant contact angle (CCA) regime and mix mode (MM) to two regimes, i.e. constant contact line (CCL) and moving contact line (MCL) regimes. The mechanism of contact line stepwise movement in MCL regimes in the microscopic range is investigated in detail. In addition, an improved local force model on the contact line was employed for analyzing the critical receding contact angles on homogenous and patterned surfaces. The analysis results agree well for both surfaces, and confirm that the transition from CCL to MCL regimes indicated droplet composition changes from multicomponent to monocomponent, providing an important metric to predict and control the dynamic behavior and composition of a multicomponent droplet using a patterned surface. PMID:28157229

Computational theory of line drawing interpretation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Witkin, A. P.

1981-01-01

The recovery of the three dimensional structure of visible surfaces depicted in an image by emphasizing the role of geometric cues present in line drawings, was studied. Three key components are line classification, line interpretation, and surface interpolation. A model for three dimensional line interpretation and surface orientation was refined and a theory for the recovery of surface shape from surface marking geometry was developed. A new approach to the classification of edges was developed and implemented signatures were deduced for each of several edge types, expressed in terms of correlational properties of the image intensities in the vicinity of the edge. A computer program was developed that evaluates image edges as compared with these prototype signatures.

Nasca Lines, Peru

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-10-22

The Nasca Lines are located in the Pampa region of Peru, the desolate plain of the Peruvian coast 400 km south of Lima. The Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920's. Passengers reported seeing 'primitive landing strips' on the ground below. The Lines were made by removing the iron-oxide coated pebbles which cover the surface of the desert. When the gravel is removed, they contrast with the light color underneath. In this way the lines were drawn as furrows of a lighter color. On the pampa, south of the Nasca Lines, archaeologists have now uncovered the lost city of the line-builders, Cahuachi. It was built nearly two thousand years ago and was mysteriously abandoned 500 years later. This ASTER sub-image covers an area of 14 x 18 km, was acquired on December 22, 2000, and is located at 14.7 degrees south latitude and 75.1 degrees west longitude. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11097

Topological nodal-line fermions in spin-orbit metal PbTaSe2

PubMed Central

Bian, Guang; Chang, Tay-Rong; Sankar, Raman; Xu, Su-Yang; Zheng, Hao; Neupert, Titus; Chiu, Ching-Kai; Huang, Shin-Ming; Chang, Guoqing; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S.; Neupane, Madhab; Alidoust, Nasser; Liu, Chang; Wang, BaoKai; Lee, Chi-Cheng; Jeng, Horng-Tay; Zhang, Chenglong; Yuan, Zhujun; Jia, Shuang; Bansil, Arun; Chou, Fangcheng; Lin, Hsin; Hasan, M. Zahid

2016-01-01

Topological semimetals can support one-dimensional Fermi lines or zero-dimensional Weyl points in momentum space, where the valence and conduction bands touch. While the degeneracy points in Weyl semimetals are robust against any perturbation that preserves translational symmetry, nodal lines require protection by additional crystalline symmetries such as mirror reflection. Here we report, based on a systematic theoretical study and a detailed experimental characterization, the existence of topological nodal-line states in the non-centrosymmetric compound PbTaSe2 with strong spin-orbit coupling. Remarkably, the spin-orbit nodal lines in PbTaSe2 are not only protected by the reflection symmetry but also characterized by an integer topological invariant. Our detailed angle-resolved photoemission measurements, first-principles simulations and theoretical topological analysis illustrate the physical mechanism underlying the formation of the topological nodal-line states and associated surface states for the first time, thus paving the way towards exploring the exotic properties of the topological nodal-line fermions in condensed matter systems. PMID:26829889

Inspecting rapidly moving surfaces for small defects using CNN cameras

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blug, Andreas; Carl, Daniel; Höfler, Heinrich

2013-04-01

A continuous increase in production speed and manufacturing precision raises a demand for the automated detection of small image features on rapidly moving surfaces. An example are wire drawing processes where kilometers of cylindrical metal surfaces moving with 10 m/s have to be inspected for defects such as scratches, dents, grooves, or chatter marks with a lateral size of 100 μm in real time. Up to now, complex eddy current systems are used for quality control instead of line cameras, because the ratio between lateral feature size and surface speed is limited by the data transport between camera and computer. This bottleneck is avoided by "cellular neural network" (CNN) cameras which enable image processing directly on the camera chip. This article reports results achieved with a demonstrator based on this novel analogue camera - computer system. The results show that computational speed and accuracy of the analogue computer system are sufficient to detect and discriminate the different types of defects. Area images with 176 x 144 pixels are acquired and evaluated in real time with frame rates of 4 to 10 kHz - depending on the number of defects to be detected. These frame rates correspond to equivalent line rates on line cameras between 360 and 880 kHz, a number far beyond the available features. Using the relation between lateral feature size and surface speed as a figure of merit, the CNN based system outperforms conventional image processing systems by an order of magnitude.

Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces and Droplet Transportation by Surface Acoustic Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, J. T.; Geraldi, N. R.; Guan, J. H.; McHale, G.; Wells, G. G.; Fu, Y. Q.

2017-01-01

On a solid surface, a droplet of liquid will stick due to the capillary adhesion, and this causes low droplet mobility. To reduce contact line pinning, surface chemistry can be coupled to micro- and/or nanostructures to create superhydrophobic surfaces on which a droplet balls up into an almost spherical shape, thus, minimizing the contact area. Recent progress in soft matter has now led to alternative lubricant-impregnated surfaces capable of almost zero contact line pinning and high droplet mobility without causing droplets to ball up and minimize the contact area. Here we report an approach to surface-acoustic-wave- (SAW) actuated droplet transportation enabled using such a surface. These surfaces maintain the contact area required for efficient energy and momentum transfer of the wave energy into the droplet while achieving high droplet mobility and a large footprint, therefore, reducing the threshold power required to induce droplet motion. In our approach, we use a slippery layer of lubricating oil infused into a self-assembled porous hydrophobic layer, which is significantly thinner than the SAW wavelength, and avoid damping of the wave. We find a significant reduction (up to 85%) in the threshold power for droplet transportation compared to that using a conventional surface-treatment method. Moreover, unlike droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, where interaction with the SAW induces a transition from a Cassie-Baxter state to a Wenzel state, the droplets on our liquid-impregnated surfaces remain in a mobile state after interaction with the SAW.

Target and orbit feedback simulations of a muSR beam line at BNL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MacKay, W.; Blaskiewicz, M.; Fischer, W.

Well-polarized positive surface muons are a tool to measure the magnetic properties of materials since the precession rate of the spin can be determined from the observation of the positron directions when the muons decay. For a dc beam an ideal µSR flux for surface µ + should be about 40 kHz/mm 2. In this report we show how this flux could be achieved in a beam line using the AGS complex at BNL for a source of protons. We also determined that an orbit feedback system with a pair of thin silicon position monitors and kickers would miss themore » desired flux by at least an order of magnitude, even with perfect time resolution and no multiple scattering.« less

Ultra-high density diffraction grating

DOEpatents

Padmore, Howard A.; Voronov, Dmytro L.; Cambie, Rossana; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.; Gullikson, Eric M.

2012-12-11

A diffraction grating structure having ultra-high density of grooves comprises an echellette substrate having periodically repeating recessed features, and a multi-layer stack of materials disposed on the echellette substrate. The surface of the diffraction grating is planarized, such that layers of the multi-layer stack form a plurality of lines disposed on the planarized surface of the structure in a periodical fashion, wherein lines having a first property alternate with lines having a dissimilar property on the surface of the substrate. For example, in one embodiment, lines comprising high-Z and low-Z materials alternate on the planarized surface providing a structure that is suitable as a diffraction grating for EUV and soft X-rays. In some embodiments, line density of between about 10,000 lines/mm to about 100,000 lines/mm is provided.

Electronic structure of nickel silicide in subhalf-micron lines and blanket films: An x-ray absorption fine structures study at the Ni and Si L3,2 edge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naftel, S. J.; Coulthard, I.; Sham, T. K.; Xu, D.-X.; Erickson, L.; Das, S. R.

1999-05-01

We report a Ni and Si L3,2-edge x-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES) study of nickel-silicon interaction in submicron (0.15 and 0.2 μm) lines on a n-Si(100) wafer as well as a series of well characterized Ni-Si blanket films. XANES measurements recorded in both total electron yield and soft x-ray fluorescence yield indicate that under the selected silicidation conditions, the more desirable low resistivity phase, NiSi, is indeed the dominant phase in the subhalf-micron lines although the formation of this phase is less complete as the line becomes narrower and this is accompanied by a Ni rich surface.

Radiation Response of Cancer Stem-Like Cells From Established Human Cell Lines After Sorting for Surface Markers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Al-Assar, Osama; Muschel, Ruth J.; Mantoni, Tine S.

2009-11-15

Purpose: A subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells (CSLC) is hypothesized to exist in different cancer cell lines and to mediate radioresistance in solid tumors. Methods and Materials: Cells were stained for CSLC markers and sorted (fluorescence-activated cell sorter/magnetic beads) to compare foci and radiosensitivity of phosphorylated histone H2AX at Ser 139 (gamma-H2AX) in sorted vs. unsorted populations in eight cell lines from different organs. CSLC properties were examined using anchorage-independent growth and levels of activated Notch1. Validation consisted of testing tumorigenicity and postirradiation enrichment of CSLC in xenograft tumors. Results: The quantity of CSLC was generally in good agreement withmore » primary tumors. CSLC from MDA-MB-231 (breast) and Panc-1 and PSN-1 (both pancreatic) cells had fewer residual gamma-H2AX foci than unsorted cells, pointing to radioresistance of CSLC. However, only MDA-MB-231 CSLC were more radioresistant than unsorted cells. Furthermore, MDA-MB-231 CSLC showed enhanced anchorage-independent growth and overexpression of activated Notch1 protein. The expression of cancer stem cell surface markers in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model was increased after exposure to fractionated radiation. In contrast to PSN-1 cells, a growth advantage for MDA-MB-231 CSLC xenograft tumors was found compared to tumors arising from unsorted cells. Conclusions: CSLC subpopulations showed no general radioresistant phenotype, despite the quantities of CSLC subpopulations shown to correspond relatively well in other reports. Likewise, CSLC characteristics were found in some but not all of the tested cell lines. The reported problems in testing for CSLC in cell lines may be overcome by additional techniques, beyond sorting for markers.« less

Global and local skin friction diagnostics from TSP surface patterns on an underwater cylinder in crossflow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miozzi, Massimo; Capone, Alessandro; Di Felice, Fabio; Klein, Christian; Liu, Tianshu

2016-12-01

A systematical method is formulated for extracting skin-friction fields from Temperature Sensitive Paint (TSP) images in the sense of time-averaging and phase-averaging. The method is applied to an underwater cylinder in crossflow at two subcritical regimes (Re = 72 000 and 144 000). TSP maps are decomposed in a time-averaged, a phase-averaged, and a random component. The asymptotic form of the energy equation at the wall provides an Euler-Lagrange equation set that is solved numerically to gain the relative skin friction time- and phase-averaged fields from the TSP surface temperature maps. The comparison of the time averaged relative skin-friction profiles with the literature data shows an excellent agreement on the whole laminar boundary layer up to the laminar separation line. Downstream of separation, time averaged results identify the secondary reattachment/separation events, which are lost in the available literature data. The periodic behavior of the skin-friction is taken, describing how the laminar separation bubble evolves by providing the time history of the laminar separation line and of the secondary reattachment/separation over the entire vortex shedding period. Instantaneous skin friction maps reveal the existence of coherent structures by capturing their footprint on the cylinder's surface. An array of Π-shaped traces marks the existence of counter-rotating, streamwise-oriented vortices just before the laminar separation line. Their interaction with the laminar boundary layer and with the separation line is briefly described. An example of the intermittent excerpt of their influence through the laminar separation line is reported.

Controlled positioning of analytes and cells on a plasmonic platform for glycan sensing using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

PubMed

Tabatabaei, Mohammadali; Wallace, Gregory Q; Caetano, Fabiana A; Gillies, Elizabeth R; Ferguson, Stephen S G; Lagugné-Labarthet, François

2016-01-01

The rise of molecular plasmonics and its application to ultrasensitive spectroscopic measurements has been enabled by the rational design and fabrication of a variety of metallic nanostructures. Advanced nano and microfabrication methods are key to the development of such structures, allowing one to tailor optical fields at the sub-wavelength scale, thereby optimizing excitation conditions for ultrasensitive detection. In this work, the control of both analyte and cell positioning on a plasmonic platform is enabled using nanofabrication methods involving patterning of fluorocarbon (FC) polymer (C 4 F 8 ) thin films on a plasmonic platform fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL). This provides the possibility to probe biomolecules of interest in the vicinity of cells using plasmon-mediated surface enhanced spectroscopies. In this context, we demonstrate the surface enhanced biosensing of glycan expression in different cell lines by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on these plasmonic platforms functionalized with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) as the Raman reporter. These cell lines include human embryonic kidney (HEK 293), C2C12 mouse myoblasts, and HeLa (Henrietta Lacks) cervical cancer cells. A distinct glycan expression is observed for cancer cells compared to other cell lines by confocal SERS mapping. This suggests the potential application of these versatile SERS platforms for differentiating cancerous from non-cancerous cells.

Strong coupling between surface plasmon polariton and laser dye rhodamine 800

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valmorra, Federico; Bröll, Markus; Schwaiger, Stephan; Welzel, Nadine; Heitmann, Detlef; Mendach, Stefan

2011-08-01

We report on strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons on a thin silver film and laser dye Rhodamine 800. Attenuated total reflection measurements reveal that the pure surface plasmon polaritons interact with the Rhodamine 800 absorption lines exhibiting pronounced anticrossings in the dispersion relation. We show that the corresponding energy gap can be tailored by the concentration of dye molecules in the dielectric matrix between 50 meV and 70 meV. We can well model our data by a classical transfer matrix approach as well as by a quantum mechanical coupled oscillator ansatz.

Laser absorption spectroscopy of water vapor confined in nanoporous alumina: wall collision line broadening and gas diffusion dynamics.

PubMed

Svensson, Tomas; Lewander, Märta; Svanberg, Sune

2010-08-02

We demonstrate high-resolution tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) of water vapor confined in nanoporous alumina. Strong multiple light scattering results in long photon pathlengths (1 m through a 6 mm sample). We report on strong line broadening due to frequent wall collisions (gas-surface interactions). For the water vapor line at 935.685 nm, the HWHM of confined molecules are about 4.3 GHz as compared to 2.9 GHz for free molecules (atmospheric pressure). Gas diffusion is also investigated, and in contrast to molecular oxygen (that moves rapidly in and out of the alumina), the exchange of water vapor is found very slow.

Seismic Technology Adapted to Analyzing and Developing Geothermal Systems Below Surface-Exposed High-Velocity Rocks Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hardage, Bob A.; DeAngelo, Michael V.; Ermolaeva, Elena

The objective of our research was to develop and demonstrate seismic data-acquisition and data-processing technologies that allow geothermal prospects below high-velocity rock outcrops to be evaluated. To do this, we acquired a 3-component seismic test line across an area of exposed high-velocity rocks in Brewster County, Texas, where there is high heat flow and surface conditions mimic those found at numerous geothermal prospects. Seismic contractors have not succeeded in creating good-quality seismic data in this area for companies who have acquired data for oil and gas exploitation purposes. Our test profile traversed an area where high-velocity rocks and low-velocity sedimentmore » were exposed on the surface in alternating patterns that repeated along the test line. We verified that these surface conditions cause non-ending reverberations of Love waves, Rayleigh waves, and shallow critical refractions to travel across the earth surface between the boundaries of the fast-velocity and slow-velocity material exposed on the surface. These reverberating surface waves form the high level of noise in this area that does not allow reflections from deep interfaces to be seen and utilized. Our data-acquisition method of deploying a box array of closely spaced geophones allowed us to recognize and evaluate these surface-wave noise modes regardless of the azimuth direction to the surface anomaly that backscattered the waves and caused them to return to the test-line profile. With this knowledge of the surface-wave noise, we were able to process these test-line data to create P-P and SH-SH images that were superior to those produced by a skilled seismic data-processing contractor. Compared to the P-P data acquired along the test line, the SH-SH data provided a better detection of faults and could be used to trace these faults upward to the boundaries of exposed surface rocks. We expanded our comparison of the relative value of S-wave and P-wave seismic data for geothermal applications by inserting into this report a small part of the interpretation we have done with 3C3D data across Wister geothermal field in the Imperial Valley of California. This interpretation shows that P-SV data reveal faults (and by inference, also fractures) that cannot be easily, or confidently, seen with P-P data, and that the combination of P-P and P-SV data allows VP/VS velocity ratios to be estimated across a targeted reservoir interval to show where an interval has more sandstone (the preferred reservoir facies). The conclusion reached from this investigation is that S-wave seismic technology can be invaluable to geothermal operators. Thus we developed a strong interest in understanding the direct-S modes produced by vertical-force sources, particularly vertical vibrators, because if it can be demonstrated that direct-S modes produced by vertical-force sources can be used as effectively as the direct-S modes produced by horizontal-force sources, geothermal operators can acquire direct-S data across many more prospect areas than can be done with horizontal-force sources, which presently are limited to horizontal vibrators. We include some of our preliminary work in evaluating direct-S modes produced by vertical-force sources.« less

Field Testing and Load Rating Report, Bridge S-4360, Camp Hovey, South Korea

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

different section properties than the original six beam-lines. Shear stud connectors were specified on the design plans, indicating the deck was to be...the roadway wearing surface, the railings, and the conduits suspended from the bridge. Since the shear capacities were dependent only on the steel...load and live-load at Section G_Standard MCap 808.7 kN-m Superimposed dead-load applied to composite model— wearing surface and railing DW 75.69 kN

On-line defect detection of aluminum coating using fiber optic sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patil, Supriya S.; Shaligram, A. D.

2015-03-01

Aluminum metallization using the sprayed coating for exhaust mild steel (MS) pipes of tractors is a standard practice for avoiding rusting. Patches of thin metal coats are prone to rusting and are thus considered as defects in the surface coating. This paper reports a novel configuration of the fiber optic sensor for on-line checking the aluminum metallization uniformity and hence for defect detection. An optimally chosen high bright 440 nm BLUE LED (light-emitting diode) launches light into a transmitting fiber inclined at the angle of 60° to the surface under inspection placed adequately. The reflected light is transported by a receiving fiber to a blue enhanced photo detector. The metallization thickness on the coated surface results in visually observable variation in the gray shades. The coated pipe is spirally inspected by a combination of linear and rotary motions. The sensor output is the signal conditioned and monitored with RISHUBH DAS. Experimental results show the good repeatability in the defect detection and coating non-uniformity measurement.

Pluto's atmosphere in 2015 from high-resolution spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roe, Henry G.; Cook, Jason C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Holler, Bryan J.; Young, Leslie A.; McLane, Jacob N.; Jaffe, Daniel T.

2015-11-01

Pluto's thin N2/CH4 atmosphere is in vapor-pressure equilibrium with ices on its surface. The atmosphere evolves seasonally with the varying insolation pattern on Pluto's heterogenous surface, perhaps even largely freezing out to the surface during the coldest portion of Pluto's year. We use high-resolution (R≈25,000-50,000) near-infrared spectroscopy to resolve atmospheric methane absorption lines from Pluto's continuum spectra, as well as separate Pluto's atmospheric lines from the telluric spectrum. In addition to measuring the abundance and temperature of Pluto's atmospheric CH4, with broad wavelength coverage we are able to search for the inevitable products of N2/CH4 photochemistry. In 2015 we are undertaking an intensive campaign using NIRSPEC at Keck Observatory and IGRINS (Immersion Grating INfrared Spectrometer) at McDonald Observatory to coincide with the New Horizons Pluto encounter. We will report initial results from this 2015 campaign and compare the state of Pluto's atmosphere at the time of the New Horizons encounter with earlier years.

Surface seismic measurements of the Project GASBUGGY explosion at intermediate distance ranges

USGS Publications Warehouse

Warren, David H.; Jackson, W.H.

1968-01-01

Project GASBUGGY was an experiment performed by the Atomic Energy Commission, the El Paso Natural Gas Company, and the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, to determine the effectiveness of a method for increasing the recovery of natural gas by large-scale fracturing of a gas-bearing formation with an underground nuclear explosion. The Project GASBUGGY nuclear explosive of 26 kilotons design yield was detonated on Sunday, December 10, 1967, at 1230:00 Mountain Standard Time. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory reported that the explosive was emplaced at 4240 ft below the ground surface, 1770 ft from the west line and 1218 ft from the south line in Section 36 of Township 29 North, Range 4 West, in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, about 55 air miles east of the city of Farmington, New Mexico. The geodetic coordinates are: Latitude 36?40'40.4" North, and Longitude 107?12'30.3" West. The elevation of surface ground zero was 7204 ft above Mean Sea Level. The detonation occurred in the Lewis shale about 40 ft below its contact with the gas-bearing Pictured Cliffs sandstone. Early indications are that the explosive performed satisfactorily. This document is submitted as a preliminary data report. Additional analyses of the data will be prepared at a later time.

Toward Spectroscopically Detecting the Global Latitudinal Temperature Variation on the Solar Surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeda, Y.; UeNo, S.

2017-09-01

A very slight rotation-induced latitudinal temperature variation (presumably on the order of several kelvin) on the solar surface is theoretically expected. While recent high-precision solar brightness observations reported its detection, confirmation by an alternative approach using the strengths of spectral lines is desirable, for which reducing the noise due to random fluctuation caused by atmospheric inhomogeneity is critical. Toward this difficult task, we carried out a pilot study of spectroscopically investigating the relative variation of temperature (T) at a number of points in the solar circumference region near to the limb (where latitude dependence should be detectable, if any exists) based on the equivalent widths (W) of 28 selected lines in the 5367 - 5393 Å and 6075 - 6100 Å regions. We paid special attention to i) clarifying which types of lines should be employed and ii) how much precision is attainable in practice. We found that lines with strong T-sensitivity (|log W/log T|) should be used and that very weak lines should be avoided because they inevitably suffer strong relative fluctuations (Δ W/W). Our analysis revealed that a precision of Δ T/T ≈ 0.003 (corresponding to ≈ 15 K) can be achieved at best by a spectral line with comparatively large |log W/log T|, although this can possibly be further improved When a number of lines are used all together. Accordingly, if many such favorable lines could be measured with subpercent precision of Δ W/W and by averaging the resulting Δ T/T from each line, the random noise would eventually be reduced to ≲ 1 K and detection of a very subtle amount of global T-gradient might be possible.

Landslide investigations, southern Cianjur Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia; a progress report

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ege, John R.

1983-01-01

Two landslide-monitoring sites have been established for a minimum 2-year investigation near the villages of Pasirpari and Cibacang in southern Cianjur Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Surveyed-in lines will measure amounts of surface movement and tilt, borings that produced exploratory cores now serve as slip-surface detectors and open-pipe piezometers, and rain gages will record rainfall at both sites. Exploratory cores and field observations located upper slip surfaces ranging in depth between 4 and 14 m. Rises of borehole-water levels of as much as 63 cm during drilling suggest that pore pressures exist at the inferred-slip surfaces. Sliding along slip surfaces and slope failures occurred during the rainy season between November 1980 and April 1981.

Ice nucleation on nanotextured surfaces: the influence of surface fraction, pillar height and wetting states.

PubMed

Metya, Atanu K; Singh, Jayant K; Müller-Plathe, Florian

2016-09-29

In this work, we address the nucleation behavior of a supercooled monatomic cylindrical water droplet on nanoscale textured surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. The ice nucleation rate at 203 K on graphite based textured surfaces with nanoscale roughness is evaluated using the mean fast-passage time method. The simulation results show that the nucleation rate depends on the surface fraction as well as the wetting states. The nucleation rate enhances with increasing surface fraction for water in the Cassie-Baxter state, while contrary behavior is observed for the case of Wenzel state. Based on the spatial histogram distribution of ice formation, we observed two pathways for ice nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation is observed at a high surface fraction. However, the probability of homogeneous ice nucleation events increases with decreasing surface fraction. We further investigate the role of the nanopillar height in ice nucleation. The nucleation rate is enhanced with increasing nanopillar height. This is attributed to the enhanced contact area with increasing nanopillar height and the shift in nucleation events towards the three-phase contact line associated with the nanotextured surface. The ice-surface work of adhesion for the Wenzel state is found to be 1-2 times higher than that in the Cassie-Baxter state. Furthermore, the work of adhesion of ice in the Wenzel state is found to be linearly dependent on the contour length of the droplet, which is in line with that reported for liquid droplets.

Surface Stresses and a Force Balance at a Contact Line.

PubMed

Liang, Heyi; Cao, Zhen; Wang, Zilu; Dobrynin, Andrey V

2018-06-26

Results of the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations are used to show that the force balance analysis at the triple-phase contact line formed at an elastic substrate has to include a quartet of forces: three surface tensions (surface free energies) and an elastic force per unit length. In the case of the contact line formed by a droplet on an elastic substrate an elastic force is due to substrate deformation generated by formation of the wetting ridge. The magnitude of this force f el is proportional to the product of the ridge height h and substrate shear modulus G. Similar elastic line force should be included in the force analysis at the triple-phase contact line of a solid particle in contact with an elastic substrate. For this contact problem elastic force obtained from contact angles and surface tensions is a sum of the elastic forces acting from the side of a solid particle and an elastic substrate. By considering only three line forces acting at the triple-phase contact line, one implicitly accounts the bulk stress contribution as a part of the resultant surface stresses. This "contamination" of the surface properties by a bulk contribution could lead to unphysically large values of the surface stresses in soft materials.

Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap imaging spectrometer data, version 2

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kokaly, Raymond F.; King, Trude V.V.; Hoefen, Todd M.

2013-01-01

This report presents a new version of surface mineral maps derived from HyMap imaging spectrometer data collected over Afghanistan in the fall of 2007. This report also describes the processing steps applied to the imaging spectrometer data. The 218 individual flight lines composing the Afghanistan dataset, covering more than 438,000 square kilometers, were georeferenced to a mosaic of orthorectified Landsat images. The HyMap data were converted from radiance to reflectance using a radiative transfer program in combination with ground-calibration sites and a network of cross-cutting calibration flight lines. The U.S. Geological Survey Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA) was used to generate two thematic maps of surface minerals: a map of iron-bearing minerals and other materials, which have their primary absorption features at the shorter wavelengths of the reflected solar wavelength range, and a map of carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials, which have their primary absorption features at the longer wavelengths of the reflected solar wavelength range. In contrast to the original version, version 2 of these maps is provided at full resolution of 23-meter pixel size. The thematic maps, MICA summary images, and the material fit and depth images are distributed in digital files linked to this report, in a format readable by remote sensing software and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The digital files can be downloaded from http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/787/downloads/.

Microbial Community Profile of a Lead Service Line Removed from a Drinking Water Distribution System

EPA Science Inventory

A corroded lead water pipe was removed from a drinking water distribution system and the microbial community was profiled using 16S rDNA techniques. This is the first report of the characterization of biofilm on a surface of a corroded lead drinking water pipe. The majority of ...

40 CFR 280.50 - Reporting of suspected releases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., the sudden loss of product from the UST system, or an unexplained presence of water in the tank... vapors in soils, basements, sewer and utility lines, and nearby surface water). (b) Unusual operating...; or (2) In the case of inventory control, a second month of data does not confirm the initial result. ...

Time-Dependent Wetting Behavior of PDMS Surfaces with Bioinspired, Hierarchical Structures.

PubMed

Mishra, Himanshu; Schrader, Alex M; Lee, Dong Woog; Gallo, Adair; Chen, Szu-Ying; Kaufman, Yair; Das, Saurabh; Israelachvili, Jacob N

2016-03-01

Wetting of rough surfaces involves time-dependent effects, such as surface deformations, nonuniform filling of surface pores within or outside the contact area, and surface chemistries, but the detailed impact of these phenomena on wetting is not entirely clear. Understanding these effects is crucial for designing coatings for a wide range of applications, such as membrane-based oil-water separation and desalination, waterproof linings/windows for automobiles, aircrafts, and naval vessels, and antibiofouling. Herein, we report on time-dependent contact angles of water droplets on a rough polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface that cannot be completely described by the conventional Cassie-Baxter or Wenzel models or the recently proposed Cassie-impregnated model. Shells of sand dollars (Dendraster excentricus) were used as lithography-free, robust templates to produce rough PDMS surfaces with hierarchical, periodic features ranging from 1 × 10(-7) to 1 × 10(-4) m. Under saturated vapor conditions, we found that in the short term (<1 min), the contact angle of a sessile water droplet on the templated PDMS, θ(SDT) = 140 ± 3°, was accurately described by the Cassie-Baxter model (predicted θ(SDT) = 137°); however, after 90 min, θ(SDT) fell to 110°. Fluorescent confocal microscopy confirmed that the initial reduction in θ(SDT) to 110° (the Wenzel limit) was primarily a Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel transition during which pores within the contact area filled gradually, and more rapidly for ethanol-water mixtures. After 90 min, the contact line of the water droplet became pinned, perhaps caused by viscoelastic deformation of the PDMS around the contact line, and a significant volume of water began to flow from the droplet to pores outside the contact region, causing θ(SDT) to decrease to 65° over 48 h on the rough surface. The system we present here to explore the concept of contact angle time dependence (dynamics) and modeling of natural surfaces provides insights into the design and development of long- and short-lived coatings.

Using Ice and Dust Lines to Constrain the Surface Densities of Protoplanetary Disks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Powell, Diana; Murray-Clay, Ruth; Schlichting, Hilke E.

2017-05-01

We present a novel method for determining the surface density of protoplanetary disks through consideration of disk “dust lines,” which indicate the observed disk radial scale at different observational wavelengths. This method relies on the assumption that the processes of particle growth and drift control the radial scale of the disk at late stages of disk evolution such that the lifetime of the disk is equal to both the drift timescale and growth timescale of the maximum particle size at a given dust line. We provide an initial proof of concept of our model through an application to the disk TW Hya and are able to estimate the disk dust-to-gas ratio, CO abundance, and accretion rate in addition to the total disk surface density. We find that our derived surface density profile and dust-to-gas ratio are consistent with the lower limits found through measurements of HD gas. The CO ice line also depends on surface density through grain adsorption rates and drift and we find that our theoretical CO ice line estimates have clear observational analogues. We further apply our model to a large parameter space of theoretical disks and find three observational diagnostics that may be used to test its validity. First, we predict that the dust lines of disks other than TW Hya will be consistent with the normalized CO surface density profile shape for those disks. Second, surface density profiles that we derive from disk ice lines should match those derived from disk dust lines. Finally, we predict that disk dust and ice lines will scale oppositely, as a function of surface density, across a large sample of disks.

Mullerian papilloma-like proliferation arising in cystic pelvic endosalpingiosis.

PubMed

McCluggage, W Glenn; O'Rourke, Declan; McElhenney, Clodagh; Crooks, Michael

2002-09-01

This report describes an unusual epithelial proliferation occurring in pelvic cystic endosalpingiosis. A cyst mass lined by a layer of ciliated epithelial cells involved the posterior surface of the cervix and vagina. The epithelial proliferation within the wall resembled a mullerian papilloma with fibrous and fibrovascular cores lined by bland cuboidal epithelial cells. Other areas had a microglandular growth pattern resembling cervical microglandular hyperplasia, and focally there was a solid growth pattern. Foci of typical endosalpingiosis involved the surface of both ovaries and pelvic soft tissues. The cystic lesion recurred after partial cystectomy and drainage and was followed up radiologically and with periodic fine-needle aspiration. Part of the wall of the cyst removed 11 years after the original surgery showed an identical epithelial proliferation. MIB1 staining showed a proliferation index of less than 5%, contrasting with the higher proliferation index of a typical serous borderline tumor. The differential diagnosis is discussed. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of such a benign epithelial proliferation involving cystic endosalpingiosis. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

ExoMol line lists - VII. The rotation-vibration spectrum of phosphine up to 1500 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sousa-Silva, Clara; Al-Refaie, Ahmed F.; Tennyson, Jonathan; Yurchenko, Sergei N.

2015-01-01

A comprehensive hot line list is calculated for 31PH3 in its ground electronic state. This line list, called SAlTY, contains almost 16.8 billion transitions between 7.5 million energy levels and it is suitable for simulating spectra up to temperatures of 1500 K. It covers wavelengths longer than 1 μm and includes all transitions to upper states with energies below hc × 18 000 cm-1 and rotational excitation up to J = 46. The line list is computed by variational solution of the Schrödinger equation for the rotation-vibration motion employing the nuclear-motion program TROVE. A previously reported ab initio dipole moment surface is used as well as an updated `spectroscopic' potential energy surface, obtained by refining an existing ab initio surface through least-squares fitting to the experimentally derived energies. Detailed comparisons with other available sources of phosphine transitions confirms SAlTY's accuracy and illustrates the incompleteness of previous experimental and theoretical compilations for temperatures above 300 K. Atmospheric models are expected to severely underestimate the abundance of phosphine in disequilibrium environments, and it is predicted that phosphine will be detectable in the upper troposphere of many substellar objects. This list is suitable for modelling atmospheres of many astrophysical environments, namely carbon stars, Y dwarfs, T dwarfs, hot Jupiters and Solar system gas giant planets. It is available in full from the Strasbourg data centre, CDS, and at www.exomol.com.

Sers Imaging of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Markers Using an Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles Probe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, J.-H.; Du, Y.; Feng, G.-K.; Du, Y.-B.; Zhou, Y.-Q.; Zeng, M.-S.

2017-11-01

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotags as an ultrasensitive nanoprobe is becoming popular for the detection of biomarkers. Herein, antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to target LMP2A in an LMP2A-infected CNE2 cell line. SERS maps showed that the LMP2A was distributed around the cell, which was consistent with the results of immunofl uorescence staining in the previous report. This location could be due to the specific binding of the bioconjugated nanotags to the receptors on the cell surface. However, the CNE2 cell line without LMP2A-infected showed no detectable signal at 1044 cm-1. The results demonstrated the potential feasibility of AuNPs nanotags as highly sensitive probes conjugated at the subcellular level for detection and localization of cancer markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Investigation of effective line intensities of trans-HONO near 1255 cm-1 using continuous-wave quantum cascade laser spectrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cui, Xiaojuan; Dong, Fengzhong; Sigrist, Markus W.; Zhang, Zhirong; Wu, Bian; Xia, Hua; Pang, Tao; Sun, Pengshuai; Fertein, Eric; Chen, Weidong

2016-10-01

Effective line intensities of P branch transitions of trans-nitrous acid (HONO) in the ν3 H-O-N bending mode near 1255 cm-1 have been determined by scaling measured HONO absorption intensities by continuous-wave quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy to reference values. Gaseous HONO samples were synthetized in the laboratory using the reaction of H2SO4 and NaNO2 solutions and the heterogeneous formation on surfaces in the presence of ambient water vapor and NO2 gas in a sealed gas sampling bag. The quantification of HONO was performed using a denuder associated with a NOx analyzer. Observed absorption line strengths for the trans conformer are found to be by a factor of approximately 1.17 higher than previously reported line strengths.

Asbestos fibres in the lungs of an American mechanic who drilled, riveted, and ground brake linings: a case report and discussion.

PubMed

Finkelstein, Murray M

2015-05-01

In North America and Europe, the use of asbestos in friction products was discontinued before the end of the 20th century. In the developing world, the use of asbestos-containing friction products continues. In 2010, Cely-Garcia and colleagues (Cely-Garcia et al., 2012) sampled three brake repair shops located in Bogota, Colombia. Both asbestos and non-asbestos containing brake linings were sold separately or attached to a shoe. When brake linings are sold separated from the shoe, they must be manipulated to attach them to the shoe before installation. The process starts with the removal of the old brake shoe from the vehicle's brake drum. If the existing brake shoe is to be reused, the old lining needs to be removed and the old shoe must be ground to prepare it for a new lining. Riveting requires drilling holes in the linings and shoes and before installing rivets, the lining must be countersunk. The borders of the lining are bevelled. On some occasions, the entire exposed surface of the lining is ground to make it thinner. Once attached to the shoe, the edges of brake linings may extend beyond the shoe. In this case, it is necessary to cut or grind the edges to match the lining to the shoe before bevelling or grinding. The authors reported that 'the sampling results indicate that the brake mechanics sampled are exposed to extremely high asbestos concentrations (i.e. based on transmission electron microscopy counts), suggesting that this occupational group could be at excess risk of asbestos-related diseases'. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

Unevenness of Sliding Surface of Overhead Rigid Conductor Lines and Method for Reducing Unevenness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aboshi, Mitsuo; Shimizu, Masashi

Rigid conductor lines are used in many subways, because the use of such conductor lines reduces the risk of accidents and because less space is required for their installation. However, as the unevenness of the sliding surface of the rigid conductor lines significantly influences the fluctuations in the contact force between pantographs and contact lines, it is necessary to decrease the unevenness at the construction as well as the maintenance stages. In order to investigate the installation accuracy of overhead rigid conductor lines, we have developed a device that accurately and continuously measures the unevenness of the sliding surface. By using this measuring device, we have confirmed that the unevenness of the sliding surface depends on various factors such as the sag between the support points, the deformation of the aluminum base or the conductive rail in the case of a long wavelength, the slight sagging unevenness between the bolts of the long ear, the undulating wear etc. This paper describes the actual unevenness conditions and the technical methods for decreasing the unevenness of the sliding surface of overhead rigid conductor lines.

Manipulating line waves in flat graphene for agile terahertz applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bisharat, Dia'aaldin J.; Sievenpiper, Daniel F.

2018-05-01

Reducing open waveguides enabled by surface waves, such as surface plasmon polaritons, to a one-dimensional line is attractive due to the potentially enhanced control over light confinement and transport. This was recently shown to be possible by simply interfacing two co-planar surfaces with complementary surface impedances, which support transverse-magnetic and transverse-electric modes, respectively. Attractively, the resultant "line wave" at the interface line features singular field enhancement and robust direction-dependent polarizations. Current implementations, however, are limited to microwave frequencies and have fixed functionality due to the lack of dynamic control. In this article, we examine the potential of using gate-tunable graphene sheets for supporting line waves in the terahertz regime and propose an adequate graphene-metasurface configuration for operation at room temperature and low voltage conditions. In addition, we show the occurrence of quasi-line wave under certain conditions of non-complementary boundaries and qualify the degradation in line wave confinement due to dissipation losses. Furthermore, we show the possibility to alter the orientation of the line wave's spin angular momentum on demand unlike conventional surface waves. Our results on active manipulation of electromagnetic line waves in graphene could be useful for various applications including reconfigurable integrated circuits, modulation, sensing and signal processes.

Development of a Low-cost, FPGA-based, Delay Line Particle Detector for Satellite and Sounding Rocket Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harrington, M.; Kujawski, J. T.; Adrian, M. L.; Weatherwax, A. T.

2013-12-01

Electrons are, by definition, a fundamental, chemical and electromagnetic constituent of any plasma. This is especially true within the partially ionized plasmas of Earth's ionosphere where electrons are a critical component of a vast array of plasma processes. Siena College is working on a novel method of processing information from electron spectrometer anodes using delay line techniques and inexpensive COTS electronics to track the movement of high-energy particles. Electron spectrometers use a variety of techniques to determine where an amplified electron cloud falls onto a collecting surface. One traditional method divides the collecting surface into sectors and uses a single detector for each sector. However, as the angular and spatial resolution increases, so does the number of detectors, increasing power consumption, cost, size, and weight of the system. An alternative approach is to connect each sector with a delay line built within the PCB material which is shielded from cross talk by a flooded ground plane. Only one pair of detectors (e.g., one at each end of the chain) are needed with the delay line technique which is different from traditional delay line detectors which use either Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) or very fast clocks. In this paper, we report on the implementation and testing of a delay line detector using a low-cost Xilinx FPGA and a thirty-two sector delay system. This Delay Line Detector has potential satellite and rocket flight applications due to its low cost, small size and power efficiency

2005 Annual Operations Report for INTEC Operable Unit 3-13, Group 1, Tank Farm Interim Action

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. Shanklin

2006-07-19

This annual operations report describes the requirements followed and activities conducted to inspect, monitor, and maintain the items installed during performance of the Waste Area Group 3, Operable Unit 3-13, Group 1, Tank Farm Interim Action, at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. This report describes inspection and monitoring activities fro the surface-sealed areas within the tank farm, concrete-lined ditches and culverts in and around the tank farm, the lift station, and the lined evaporation pond. These activities are intended to assure that the interim action is functioning adequately to meet the objectives stated in the Operable Unit 3-13,more » Record of Decision for the Group 1, Tank Farm Interim Action, (DOE/ID-10660) and as amended by the agreement to resolve dispute, which was effective in February 2003.« less

2006 Annual Operations Report for INTEC Operable Unit 3-13, Group 1, Tank Farm Interim Action

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. E. Shanklin

2007-02-14

This annual operations report describes the requirements followed and activities conducted to inspect, monitor, and maintain the items installed during performance of the Waste Area Group 3, Operable Unit 3-13, Group 1, Tank Farm Interim Action, at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. This report covers the time period from January 1 through December 31, 2006, and describes inspection and monitoring activities for the surface-sealed areas within the tank farm, concrete-lined ditches and culverts in and around the tank farm, the lift station, and the lined evaporation pond. These activities are intended to assure that the interim action ismore » functioning adequately to meet the objectives stated in the Operable Unit 3-13, Record of Decision for the Group 1, Tank Farm Interim Action (DOE/ID-10660) as described in the Group 1 Remedial Design/Remedial Action Work Plan (DOE/ID-10772).« less

Room temperature linelists for CO2 asymmetric isotopologues with ab initio computed intensities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zak, Emil J.; Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.; Lodi, Lorenzo; Zobov, Nikolay F.; Tashkun, Sergei A.; Perevalov, Valery I.

2017-12-01

The present paper reports room temperature line lists for six asymmetric isotopologues of carbon dioxide: 16O12C18O (628), 16O12C17O (627), 16O13C18O (638),16O13C17O (637), 17O12C18O (728) and 17O13C18O (738), covering the range 0-8000 cm-1. Variational rotation-vibration wavefunctions and energy levels are computed using the DVR3D software suite and a high quality semi-empirical potential energy surface (PES), followed by computation of intensities using an ab initio dipole moment surface (DMS). A theoretical procedure for quantifying sensitivity of line intensities to minor distortions of the PES/DMS renders our theoretical model as critically evaluated. Several recent high quality measurements and theoretical approaches are discussed to provide a benchmark of our results against the most accurate available data. Indeed, the thesis of transferability of accuracy among different isotopologues with the use of mass-independent PES is supported by several examples. Thereby, we conclude that the majority of line intensities for strong bands are predicted with sub-percent accuracy. Accurate line positions are generated using an effective Hamiltonian, constructed from the latest experiments. This study completes the list of relevant isotopologues of carbon dioxide; these line lists are available to remote sensing studies and inclusion in databases.

Surface-conductivity enhancement of PMMA by keV-energy metal-ion implantation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bannister, M. E.; Hijazi, H.; Meyer, H. M.; Cianciolo, V.; Meyer, F. W.

2014-11-01

An experiment has been proposed to measure the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) with high precision at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Spallation Neutron Source. One of the requirements of this experiment is the development of PMMA (Lucite) material with a sufficiently conductive surface to permit its use as a high-voltage electrode while immersed in liquid He. At the ORNL Multicharged Ion Research Facility, an R&D activity is under way to achieve suitable surface conductivity in poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) using metal ion implantation. The metal implantation is performed using an electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) ion source and a recently developed beam line deceleration module that is capable of providing high flux beams for implantation at energies as low as a few tens of eV. The latter is essential for reaching implantation fluences exceeding 1 × 1016 cm-2, where typical percolation thresholds in polymers have been reported. In this contribution, we report results on initial implantation of Lucite by Ti and W beams with keV energies to average fluences in the range 0.5-6.2 × 1016 cm-2. Initial measurements of surface-resistivity changes are reported as function of implantation fluence, energy, and sample temperature. We also report X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface and depth profiling measurements of the ion implanted samples, to identify possible correlations between the near surface and depth resolved implanted W concentrations and the measured surface resistivities.

Proceedings ICASS 2017

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Qiang; Schaaf, Peter

2018-07-01

This special issue of the high impact international peer reviewed journal Applied Surface Science represents the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Surface Science ICASS held 12-16 June 2017 in Dalian China. The conference provided a forum for researchers in all areas of applied surface science to present their work. The main topics of the conference are in line with the most popular areas of research reported in Applied Surface Science. Thus, this issue includes current research on the role and use of surfaces in chemical and physical processes, related to catalysis, electrochemistry, surface engineering and functionalization, biointerfaces, semiconductors, 2D-layered materials, surface nanotechnology, energy, new/functional materials and nanotechnology. Also the various techniques and characterization methods will be discussed. Hence, scientific research on the atomic and molecular level of material properties investigated with specific surface analytical techniques and/or computational methods is essential for any further progress in these fields.

How pinning and contact angle hysteresis govern quasi-static liquid drop transfer.

PubMed

Chen, H; Tang, T; Zhao, H; Law, K-Y; Amirfazli, A

2016-02-21

This paper presents both experimental and numerical simulations of liquid transfer between two solid surfaces with contact angle hysteresis (CAH). Systematic studies on the role of the advancing contact angle (θa), receding contact angle (θr) and CAH in determining the transfer ratio (volume of the liquid transferred onto the acceptor surface over the total liquid volume) and the maximum adhesion force (Fmax) were performed. The transfer ratio was found to be governed by contact line pinning at the end of the transfer process caused by CAH of surfaces. A map based on θr of the two surfaces was generated to identify the three regimes for liquid transfer: (I) contact line pinning occurs only on the donor surface, (II) contact line pinning occurs on both surfaces, and (III) contact line pinning occurs only on the acceptor surface. With this map, an empirical equation is provided which is able to estimate the transfer ratio by only knowing θr of the two surfaces. The value of Fmax is found to be strongly influenced by the contact line pinning in the early stretching stage. For symmetric liquid bridges between two identical surfaces, Fmax may be determined only by θa, only by θr, or by both θa and θr, depending on the magnitude of the contact angles. For asymmetric bridges, Fmax is found to be affected by the period when contact lines are pinned on both surfaces.

Topological nodal-line fermions in spin-orbit metal PbTaSe2

DOE PAGES

Bian, Guang; Chang, Tay-Rong; Sankar, Raman; ...

2016-02-02

Here we discuss how topological semimetals can support one-dimensional Fermi lines or zero-dimensional Weyl points in momentum space, where the valence and conduction bands touch. While the degeneracy points in Weyl semimetals are robust against any perturbation that preserves translational symmetry, nodal lines require protection by additional crystalline symmetries such as mirror reflection. Here we report, based on a systematic theoretical study and a detailed experimental characterization, the existence of topological nodal-line states in the non-centrosymmetric compound PbTaSe 2 with strong spin-orbit coupling. Remarkably, the spin-orbit nodal lines in PbTaSe 2 are not only protected by the reflection symmetry butmore » also characterized by an integer topological invariant. Our detailed angle-resolved photoemission measurements, first-principles simulations and theoretical topological analysis illustrate the physical mechanism underlying the formation of the topological nodal-line states and associated surface states for the first time, thus paving the way towards exploring the exotic properties of the topological nodal-line fermions in condensed matter systems.« less

Rules for Phase Shifts of Quantum Oscillations in Topological Nodal-Line Semimetals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Cequn; Wang, C. M.; Wan, Bo; Wan, Xiangang; Lu, Hai-Zhou; Xie, X. C.

2018-04-01

Nodal-line semimetals are topological semimetals in which band touchings form nodal lines or rings. Around a loop that encloses a nodal line, an electron can accumulate a nontrivial π Berry phase, so the phase shift in the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation may give a transport signature for the nodal-line semimetals. However, different experiments have reported contradictory phase shifts, in particular, in the WHM nodal-line semimetals (W =Zr /Hf , H =Si /Ge , M =S /Se /Te ). For a generic model of nodal-line semimetals, we present a systematic calculation for the SdH oscillation of resistivity under a magnetic field normal to the nodal-line plane. From the analytical result of the resistivity, we extract general rules to determine the phase shifts for arbitrary cases and apply them to ZrSiS and Cu3 PdN systems. Depending on the magnetic field directions, carrier types, and cross sections of the Fermi surface, the phase shift shows rich results, quite different from those for normal electrons and Weyl fermions. Our results may help explore transport signatures of topological nodal-line semimetals and can be generalized to other topological phases of matter.

Measurement of contact-line dissipation in a nanometer-thin soap film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Shuo; Lee, Chun Huen; Sheng, Ping; Tong, Penger

2015-01-01

We report a direct measurement of the friction coefficient ξc of two fluctuating contact lines formed on a fiber surface when a long glass fiber intersects the two water-air interfaces of a thin soap film. The glass fiber of diameter d in the range of 0.4-4 μ m and length 100-300 μ m is glued onto the front end of a rectangular cantilever used for atomic force microscopy. As a sensitive mechanical resonator, the hanging fiber probe can accurately measure a minute change of its viscous damping caused by the soap film. By measuring the broadening of the resonant peak of the hanging fiber probe with varying viscosity η of the soap film and different surface treatments of the glass fiber, we confirm that the contact line dissipation obeys a universal scaling law, ξc=α π d η , where the coefficient α =1.1 ±0.3 is insensitive to the change of liquid-solid contact angle. The experimental result is in good agreement with the numerical result based on the phase field model under the generalized Navier boundary conditions.

Measurement of contact-line dissipation in a nanometer-thin soap film.

PubMed

Guo, Shuo; Lee, Chun Huen; Sheng, Ping; Tong, Penger

2015-01-01

We report a direct measurement of the friction coefficient ξ(c) of two fluctuating contact lines formed on a fiber surface when a long glass fiber intersects the two water-air interfaces of a thin soap film. The glass fiber of diameter d in the range of 0.4-4 μm and length 100-300 μm is glued onto the front end of a rectangular cantilever used for atomic force microscopy. As a sensitive mechanical resonator, the hanging fiber probe can accurately measure a minute change of its viscous damping caused by the soap film. By measuring the broadening of the resonant peak of the hanging fiber probe with varying viscosity η of the soap film and different surface treatments of the glass fiber, we confirm that the contact line dissipation obeys a universal scaling law, ξ(c)=απdη, where the coefficient α=1.1±0.3 is insensitive to the change of liquid-solid contact angle. The experimental result is in good agreement with the numerical result based on the phase field model under the generalized Navier boundary conditions.

The null result of a search for pulsational variations of the surface magnetic field in the roAp star γ Equulei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kochukhov, O.; Ryabchikova, T.; Landstreet, J. D.; Weiss, W. W.

2004-06-01

We describe an analysis of the time-resolved measurements of the surface magnetic field in the roAp star γEqu. We have obtained a high-resolution and high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectroscopic time series, and the magnetic field was determined using Zeeman-resolved profiles of the FeII 6149.25 Åand FeI 6173.34 Ålines. Contrary to recent reports, we do not find any evidence of magnetic variability with pulsation phase, and derive an upper limit of 5-10 G for pulsational modulation of the surface magnetic field in γEqu.

Antimicrobial Effect of An Essential Oil Blend on Surface-attached Salmonella on Polyvinyl Chloride

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The majority of drinking water lines for broilers are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and surface attachment of Salmonella on the inner surface of water lines can be the initial stage of biofilm development. These biofilms can be the source of Salmonella infection in water lines and are known to re...

ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) Field Campaign Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lubin, Daniel; Bromwich, David H; Vogelmann, Andrew M

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE) is the most technologically advanced atmospheric and climate science campaign yet fielded in Antarctica. AWARE was motivated be recent concern about the impact of cryospheric mass loss on global sea level rise. Specifically, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is now the second largest contributor to rising sea level, after the Greenland Ice Sheet. As steadily warming ocean water erodes the grounding lines of WAIS components where they meet the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, the retreating grounding lines moving inland and downslope on the underlyingmore » terrain imply mechanical instability of the entire WAIS. There is evidence that this point of instability may have already been reached, perhaps signifying more rapid loss of WAIS ice mass. At the same time, the mechanical support provided by adjacent ice shelves, and also the fundamental stability of exposed ice cliffs at the ice sheet grounding lines, will be adversely impacted by a warming atmosphere that causes more frequent episodes of surface melting. The surface meltwater damages the ice shelves and ice cliffs through hydrofracturing. With the increasing concern regarding these rapid cryospheric changes, AWARE was motivated by the need to (a) diagnose the surface energy balance in West Antarctica as related to both summer season climatology and potential surface melting, and (b) improve global climate model (GCM) performance over Antarctica, such that future cryospheric projections can be more reliable.« less

Surface thermodynamics, surface stress, equations at surfaces and triple lines for deformable bodies.

PubMed

Olives, Juan

2010-03-03

The thermodynamics and mechanics of the surface of a deformable body are studied here, following and refining the general approach of Gibbs. It is first shown that the 'local' thermodynamic variables of the state of the surface are only the temperature, the chemical potentials and the surface strain tensor (true thermodynamic variables, for a viscoelastic solid or a viscous fluid). A new definition of the surface stress is given and the corresponding surface thermodynamics equations are presented. The mechanical equilibrium equation at the surface is then obtained. It involves the surface stress and is similar to the Cauchy equation for the volume. Its normal component is a generalization of the Laplace equation. At a (body-fluid-fluid) triple contact line, two equations are obtained, which represent: (i) the equilibrium of the forces (surface stresses) for a triple line fixed on the body; (ii) the equilibrium relative to the motion of the line with respect to the body. This last equation leads to a strong modification of Young's classical capillary equation.

Liquid-bridge stability and breakup on surfaces with contact-angle hysteresis.

PubMed

Akbari, Amir; Hill, Reghan J

2016-08-10

We study the stability and breakup of liquid bridges with a free contact line on surfaces with contact-angle hysteresis (CAH) under zero-gravity conditions. Non-ideal surfaces exhibit CAH because of surface imperfections, by which the constraints on three-phase contact lines are influenced. Given that interfacial instabilities are constraint-sensitive, understanding how CAH affects the stability and breakup of liquid bridges is crucial for predicting the drop size in contact-drop dispensing. Unlike ideal surfaces on which contact lines are always free irrespective of surface wettability, contact lines may undergo transitions from pinned to free and vice versa during drop deposition on non-ideal surfaces. Here, we experimentally and theoretically examine how stability and breakup are affected by CAH, highlighting cases where stability is lost during a transition from a pinned-pinned (more constrained) to pinned-free (less constrained) interface-rather than a critical state. This provides a practical means of expediting or delaying stability loss. We also demonstrate how the dynamic contact angle can control the contact-line radius following stability loss.

Interagency Report: Astrogeology 58, television cartography

USGS Publications Warehouse

Batson, Raymond M.

1973-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the processing of digital television pictures into base maps. In this context, a base map is defined as a pictorial representation of planetary surface morphology accurately reproduced on standard map projections. Topographic contour lines, albedo or geologic overprints may be super imposed on these base maps. The compilation of geodetic map controls, the techniques of mosaic compilation, computer processing and airbrush enhancement, and the compilation of con tour lines are discussed elsewhere by the originators of these techniques. A bibliography of applicable literature is included for readers interested in more detailed discussions.

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering on iso-C₂H₂Cl₂ around the chlorine K-edge: structural and dynamical aspects.

PubMed

Kawerk, Elie; Carniato, Stéphane; Journel, Loïc; Marchenko, Tatiana; Piancastelli, Maria Novella; Žitnik, Matjaž; Bučar, Klemen; Bohnic, Rok; Kavčič, Matjaž; Céolin, Denis; Khoury, Antonio; Simon, Marc

2014-10-14

We report a theoretical and experimental study of the high resolution resonant K(α) X-ray emission lines around the chlorine K-edge in gas phase 1,1-dichloroethylene. With the help of ab initio electronic structure calculations and cross section evaluation, we interpret the lowest lying peak in the X-ray absorption and emission spectra. The behavior of the K(α) emission lines with respect to frequency detuning highlights the existence of femtosecond nuclear dynamics on the dissociative Potential Energy Surface of the first K-shell core-excited state.

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering on iso-C2H2Cl2 around the chlorine K-edge: Structural and dynamical aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawerk, Elie; Carniato, Stéphane; Journel, Loïc; Marchenko, Tatiana; Piancastelli, Maria Novella; Žitnik, Matjaž; Bučar, Klemen; Bohnic, Rok; Kavčič, Matjaž; Céolin, Denis; Khoury, Antonio; Simon, Marc

2014-10-01

We report a theoretical and experimental study of the high resolution resonant Kα X-ray emission lines around the chlorine K-edge in gas phase 1,1-dichloroethylene. With the help of ab initio electronic structure calculations and cross section evaluation, we interpret the lowest lying peak in the X-ray absorption and emission spectra. The behavior of the Kα emission lines with respect to frequency detuning highlights the existence of femtosecond nuclear dynamics on the dissociative Potential Energy Surface of the first K-shell core-excited state.

A new species, of Aceria neopaederiae (Acari: Eriophyidae), infesting Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae) in Thailand, Hong Kong and Singapore

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Aceria paederiae (Nalepa) infesting leaves of Paederia foetida L. (Family Rubiaceae) in Thailand, Hong Kong and Singapore is reported for the first time. The mite induces small, round galls on both leaf surfaces. The complete descriptions of both males and females, including line drawings and SEM ...

The National Shipbuilding Research Program: Report on a Shipyard Surface Preparation and Quality Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-07-23

laser writer print-outs • As electronic copies using the FrameMaker  file format for duplication and printing by a service bureau, the FrameMaker ...The software platform used to develop the written and visual texts for the program ( FrameMaker ) provides this facility for creating on-line

Impact of humidity on functionality of on-paper printed electronics.

PubMed

Bollström, Roger; Pettersson, Fredrik; Dolietis, Peter; Preston, Janet; Osterbacka, Ronald; Toivakka, Martti

2014-03-07

A multilayer coated paper substrate, combining barrier and printability properties was manufactured utilizing a pilot-scale slide curtain coating technique. The coating structure consists of a thin mineral pigment layer coated on top of a barrier layer. The surface properties, i.e. smoothness and surface porosity, were adjusted by the choice of calendering parameters. The influence of surface properties on the fine line printability and conductivity of inkjet-printed silver lines was studied. Surface roughness played a significant role when printing narrow lines, increasing the risk of defects and discontinuities, whereas for wider lines the influence of surface roughness was less critical. A smooth, calendered surface resulted in finer line definition, i.e. less edge raggedness. Dimensional stability and its influence on substrate surface properties as well as on the functionality of conductive tracks and transistors were studied by exposure to high/low humidity cycles. The barrier layer of the multilayer coated paper reduced the dimensional changes and surface roughness increase caused by humidity and helped maintain the conductivity of the printed tracks. Functionality of a printed transistor during a short, one hour humidity cycle was maintained, but a longer exposure to humidity destroyed the non-encapsulated transistor.

Microstructured block copolymer surfaces for control of microbe capture and aggregation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hansen, Ryan R; Shubert, Katherine R; Morrell, Jennifer L.

2014-01-01

The capture and arrangement of surface-associated microbes is influenced by biochemical and physical properties of the substrate. In this report, we develop lectin-functionalized substrates containing patterned, three-dimensional polymeric structures of varied shapes and densities and use these to investigate the effects of topology and spatial confinement on lectin-mediated microbe capture. Films of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-4,4-dimethyl-2-vinylazlactone (PGMA-b-PVDMA) were patterned on silicon surfaces into line or square grid patterns with 5 m wide features and varied edge spacing. The patterned films had three-dimensional geometries with 900 nm film thickness. After surface functionalization with wheat germ agglutinin, the size of Pseudomonas fluorescens aggregates capturedmore » was dependent on the pattern dimensions. Line patterns with edge spacing of 5 m or less led to the capture of individual microbes with minimal formation of aggregates, while grid patterns with the same spacing also captured individual microbes with further reduction in aggregation. Both geometries allowed for increases in aggregate size distribution with increased in edge spacing. These engineered surfaces combine spatial confinement with affinity-based microbe capture based on exopolysaccharide content to control the degree of microbe aggregation, and can also be used as a platform to investigate intercellular interactions and biofilm formation in microbial populations of controlled sizes.« less

Correlation Between the Field Line and Particle Diffusion Coefficients in the Stochastic Fields of a Tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calvin, Mark; Punjabi, Alkesh

1996-11-01

We use the method of quasi-magnetic surfaces to calculate the correlation between the field line and particle diffusion coefficients. The magnetic topology of a tokamak is perturbed by a spectrum of neighboring resonant resistive modes. The Hamiltonian equations of motion for the field line are integrated numerically. Poincare plots of the quasi-magnetic surfaces are generated initially and after the field line has traversed a considerable distance. From the areas of the quasi-magnetic surfaces and the field line distance, we estimate the field line diffusion coefficient. We start plasma particles on the initial quasi-surface, and calculate the particle diffusion coefficient from our Monte Carlo method (Punjabi A., Boozer A., Lam M., Kim H. and Burke K., J. Plasma Phys.), 44, 405 (1990). We then estimate the correlation between the particle and field diffusion as the strength of the resistive modes is varied.

EFFECTS OF LASER RADIATION ON MATTER. LASER PLASMA: Doppler backscattered-signal diagnostics of laser-induced surface hydrodynamic processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordienko, Vyacheslav M.; Kurochkin, Nikolay N.; Markov, V. N.; Panchenko, Vladislav Ya; Pogosov, G. A.; Chastukhin, E. M.

1995-02-01

A method is proposed for on-line monitoring of laser industrial processing. The method is based on optical heterodyne measurements of the Doppler backscattering signal generated in the interaction zone. Qualitative and quantitative information on hydrodynamic flows in the interaction zone can be obtained. A report is given of measurements, carried out at cw CO2 laser radiation intensities up to 1 kW cm-2, on the surfaces of a number of condensed materials irradiated in the monostatic interaction configuration.

Heterogeneous expression and regulation of CD40 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

PubMed

Holub, Margareta; Zakeri, Schaker M; Lichtenberger, Cornelia; Pammer, Johannes; Paolini, Pierre; Leifeld, Ludger; Rockenschaub, Susanne; Wolschek, Markus F; Steger, Günther; Willheim, Martin; Gangl, Alfred; Reinisch, Walter

2003-02-01

CD40, a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family, plays a major role in adaptive immune responses and contributes to cancer surveillance. Conflicting results have been reported recently on the expression and function of CD40 in carcinomas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CD40 in human hepatoma. CD40 expression was examined in hepatomas and derived cell lines by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We investigated in hepatoma cell lines the regulation of CD40 by pro-inflammatory cytokines and the effects of its ligation with soluble CD40L on the expression of co-stimulatory and pro-apoptotic cell-surface molecules and survival. CD40 was detected with a similar frequency of about 40% in hepatoma specimens and derived cell lines but not in normal hepatocytes. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and its combination with interferon gamma upregulated CD40 only in intrinsically positive cell lines. CD40 ligation had no effect on cell viability or surface expression of CD54, CD80, CD86 or CD95. CD40 is expressed variably in human hepatoma and enhanced by distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines. The lack of detectable effects of CD40 ligation does not support a major role of this molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma biology.

Visual detection of multiple genetically modified organisms in a capillary array.

PubMed

Shao, Ning; Chen, Jianwei; Hu, Jiaying; Li, Rong; Zhang, Dabing; Guo, Shujuan; Hui, Junhou; Liu, Peng; Yang, Litao; Tao, Sheng-Ce

2017-01-31

There is an urgent need for rapid, low-cost multiplex methodologies for the monitoring of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Here, we report a C[combining low line]apillary A[combining low line]rray-based L[combining low line]oop-mediated isothermal amplification for M[combining low line]ultiplex visual detection of nucleic acids (CALM) platform for the simple and rapid monitoring of GMOs. In CALM, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) primer sets are pre-fixed to the inner surface of capillaries. The surface of the capillary array is hydrophobic while the capillaries are hydrophilic, enabling the simultaneous loading and separation of the LAMP reaction mixtures into each capillary by capillary forces. LAMP reactions in the capillaries are then performed in parallel, and the results are visually detected by illumination with a hand-held UV device. Using CALM, we successfully detected seven frequently used transgenic genes/elements and five plant endogenous reference genes with high specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, we found that measurements of real-world blind samples by CALM are consistent with results obtained by independent real-time PCRs. Thus, with an ability to detect multiple nucleic acids in a single easy-to-operate test, we believe that CALM will become a widely applied technology in GMO monitoring.

Cellulose nanocrystals with tunable surface charge for nanomedicine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseinidoust, Zeinab; Alam, Md Nur; Sim, Goeun; Tufenkji, Nathalie; van de Ven, Theo G. M.

2015-10-01

Crystalline nanoparticles of cellulose exhibit attractive properties as nanoscale carriers for bioactive molecules in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. For applications in imaging and drug delivery, surface charge is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of nanocarriers. However, current methods of preparation offer little flexibility for controlling the surface charge of cellulose nanocrystals, leading to compromised colloidal stability under physiological conditions. We report a synthesis method that results in nanocrystals with remarkably high carboxyl content (6.6 mmol g-1) and offers continuous control over surface charge without any adjustment to the reaction conditions. Six fractions of nanocrystals with various surface carboxyl contents were synthesized from a single sample of softwood pulp with carboxyl contents varying from 6.6 to 1.7 mmol g-1 and were fully characterized. The proposed method resulted in highly stable colloidal nanocrystals that did not aggregate when exposed to high salt concentrations or serum-containing media. Interactions of these fractions with four different tissue cell lines were investigated over a wide range of concentrations (50-300 μg mL-1). Darkfield hyperspectral imaging and confocal microscopy confirmed the uptake of nanocrystals by selected cell lines without any evidence of membrane damage or change in cell density; however a charge-dependent decrease in mitochondrial activity was observed for charge contents higher than 3.9 mmol g-1. A high surface carboxyl content allowed for facile conjugation of fluorophores to the nanocrystals without compromising colloidal stability. The cellular uptake of fluoresceinamine-conjugated nanocrystals exhibited a time-dose dependent relationship and increased significantly with doubling of the surface charge.Crystalline nanoparticles of cellulose exhibit attractive properties as nanoscale carriers for bioactive molecules in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. For applications in imaging and drug delivery, surface charge is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of nanocarriers. However, current methods of preparation offer little flexibility for controlling the surface charge of cellulose nanocrystals, leading to compromised colloidal stability under physiological conditions. We report a synthesis method that results in nanocrystals with remarkably high carboxyl content (6.6 mmol g-1) and offers continuous control over surface charge without any adjustment to the reaction conditions. Six fractions of nanocrystals with various surface carboxyl contents were synthesized from a single sample of softwood pulp with carboxyl contents varying from 6.6 to 1.7 mmol g-1 and were fully characterized. The proposed method resulted in highly stable colloidal nanocrystals that did not aggregate when exposed to high salt concentrations or serum-containing media. Interactions of these fractions with four different tissue cell lines were investigated over a wide range of concentrations (50-300 μg mL-1). Darkfield hyperspectral imaging and confocal microscopy confirmed the uptake of nanocrystals by selected cell lines without any evidence of membrane damage or change in cell density; however a charge-dependent decrease in mitochondrial activity was observed for charge contents higher than 3.9 mmol g-1. A high surface carboxyl content allowed for facile conjugation of fluorophores to the nanocrystals without compromising colloidal stability. The cellular uptake of fluoresceinamine-conjugated nanocrystals exhibited a time-dose dependent relationship and increased significantly with doubling of the surface charge. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional results are presented in the ESI in Fig. S1 through S4. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02506k

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study on Dirac Nodal-line Semimetal ZrSiS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Chih-Chuan; Guan, Syu-You; Wang, Tzu-Cheng; Sankar, Raman; Guo, Guang-Yu; Chou, Fangcheng; Chang, Chia-Seng; Chuang, Tien-Ming

The discovery of 3D Dirac nodal-line protected by non-symmophic symmetry in ZrSiS family has been reported by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and quantum oscillation measurements. ZrSiS also exhibits a butterfly shaped titanic angular magnetoresistance and strong Zeeman splitting in quantum oscillation. These observations with its layered crystal structure make the ZrSiS family an interesting candidate to understand the novel properties of the nodal-line semimetals. Here, we study the electronic structures of the single crystal ZrSiS by using spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope at T= 4.2K. Our quasiparticle scattering interference imaging reveals the characteristic wave vectors with linear dispersion from Dirac line nodes in the bulk and its surface states. Our results are in excellent agreement with the first principle calculation, and also in consistent with ARPES and quantum oscillation measurements.

Kondo destruction in a quantum paramagnet with magnetic frustration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jiahao; Zhao, Hengcan; Lv, Meng; Hu, Sile; Isikawa, Yosikazu; Yang, Yi-feng; Si, Qimiao; Steglich, Frank; Sun, Peijie

2018-06-01

We report results of isothermal magnetotransport and susceptibility measurements at elevated magnetic fields B down to very low temperatures T on single crystals of the frustrated Kondo-lattice system CePdAl. They reveal a B*(T ) line within the paramagnetic part of the phase diagram. This line denotes a thermally broadened "small"-to-"large" Fermi-surface crossover which substantially narrows upon cooling. At B0 *=B*(T =0 ) =(4.6 ±0.1 ) T , this B*(T ) line merges with two other crossover lines, viz. Tp(B ) below and TFL(B ) above B0 *. Tp characterizes a frustration-dominated spin-liquid state, while TFL is the Fermi-liquid temperature associated with the lattice Kondo effect. Non-Fermi-liquid phenomena which are commonly observed near a "Kondo-destruction" quantum-critical point cannot be resolved in CePdAl. Our observations reveal a rare case where Kondo coupling, frustration, and quantum criticality are closely intertwined.

Endometrial polyp in an African wild dog (Lycaon pictus).

PubMed

Cho, H S; Park, N Y

2006-11-01

An 8-year-old female African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) from a zoo in Gyeonggi province, Republic of Korea presented with a 3.0 x 2.0 x 2.5 cm in size, smooth-surfaced, solitary pedunculated mass protruding into the uterine lumen. Microscopically, the mass was covered with epithelium, contained endometrial gland tissue, and was dilated in the vascularised stroma. Within the mass, there was extensive diffuse haemorrhage with several blood vessels apparently plugged with fibrin. At the base of the mass, the spaces lined with epithelium near the attachment of the stalk were interpreted to be glandular structures. There were segments of cuboidal epithelium found on the surface of the mass, which was similar to the lining the uterus. A diagnosis of an endometrial polyp was made based on the gross and histology findings. This is the first case report of a spontaneous endometrial polyp in an African wild dog.

Asymmetric and speed-dependent contact angle hysteresis and relaxation of a suddenly stopped moving contact line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guan, Dongshi; Wang, Yong Jian; Charlaix, Elisabeth; Tong, Penger

We report direct atomic-force-microscope measurements of capillary force hysteresis and relaxation of a circular moving contact line (CL) formed on a long micron-sized hydrophobic fiber intersecting a water-air interface. The measured capillary force hysteresis and CL relaxation show a strong asymmetric speed dependence in the advancing and receding directions. A unified model based on force-assisted barrier-crossing is utilized to find the underlying energy barrier Eb and size λ associated with the defects on the fiber surface. The experiment demonstrates that the pinning (relaxation) and depinning dynamics of the CL can be described by a common microscopic frame-work, and the advancing and receding CLs are influenced by two different sets of relatively wetting and non-wetting defects on the fiber surface. Work supported in part by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR.

Topological liquid diode

PubMed Central

Li, Jiaqian; Zhou, Xiaofeng; Li, Jing; Che, Lufeng; Yao, Jun; McHale, Glen; Chaudhury, Manoj K.; Wang, Zuankai

2017-01-01

The last two decades have witnessed an explosion of interest in the field of droplet-based microfluidics for their multifarious applications. Despite rapid innovations in strategies to generate small-scale liquid transport on these devices, the speed of motion is usually slow, the transport distance is limited, and the flow direction is not well controlled because of unwanted pinning of contact lines by defects on the surface. We report a new method of microscopic liquid transport based on a unique topological structure. This method breaks the contact line pinning through efficient conversion of excess surface energy to kinetic energy at the advancing edge of the droplet while simultaneously arresting the reverse motion of the droplet via strong pinning. This results in a novel topological fluid diode that allows for a rapid, directional, and long-distance transport of virtually any kind of liquid without the need for an external energy input. PMID:29098182

Sub-one-third wavelength focusing of surface plasmon polaritons excited by linearly polarized light.

PubMed

Wang, Jiayuan; Zhang, Jiasen

2018-05-28

We report the generation of a subwavelength focal spot for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by increasing the proportion of high-spatial-frequency components in the plasmonic focusing field. We have derived an analytical expression for the angular-dependent contribution of an arbitrary-shaped SPP line source to the focal field and have found that the proportion for high-spatial-frequency components can be significantly increased by launching SPPs from a horizontal line source. Accordingly, we propose a rectangular-groove plasmonic lens (PL) consisting of horizontally-arrayed central grooves and slantingly-arrayed flanking grooves on gold film. We demonstrate both numerically and experimentally that, under linearly polarized illumination, such a PL generates a focal spot of full width half maximum 274 nm at an operating wavelength of 830 nm. The method we describe provides guidance to the further structure design and optimization for plasmonic focusing devices.

Laser ablated copper plasmas in liquid and gas ambient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Bhupesh; Thareja, Raj K.

2013-05-01

The dynamics of copper ablated plasma plumes generated using laser ablation of copper targets in both liquid (de-ionized water) and gas (air) ambients is reported. Using time and space resolved visible emission spectroscopy (450-650 nm), the plasma plumes parameters are investigated. The electron density (ne) determined using Stark broadening of the Cu I (3d104d1 2D3/2-3d104p1 2P3/2 at 521.8 nm) line is estimated and compared for both plasma plumes. The electron temperature (Te) was estimated using the relative line emission intensities of the neutral copper transitions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectral analysis of the ablated copper surface indicated abundance of spherical nanoparticles in liquid while those in air are amalgamates of irregular shapes. The nanoparticles suspended in the confining liquid form aggregates and exhibit a surface plasmon resonance at ˜590 nm.

Dynamic "Scanning-Mode" Meniscus Confined Electrodepositing and Micropatterning of Individually Addressable Ultraconductive Copper Line Arrays.

PubMed

Lei, Yu; Zhang, Xianyun; Xu, Dingding; Yu, Minfeng; Yi, Zhiran; Li, Zhixiang; Sun, Aihua; Xu, Gaojie; Cui, Ping; Guo, Jianjun

2018-05-03

Micro- and nanopatterning of cost-effective addressable metallic nanostructures has been a long endeavor in terms of both scientific understanding and industrial needs. Herein, a simple and efficient dynamic meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED) technique for precisely positioned copper line micropatterns with superior electrical conductivity (greater than 1.57 × 10 4 S/cm) on glass, silicon, and gold substrates is reported. An unexpected higher printing speed in the evaporative regime is realized for precisely positioned copper lines patterns with uniform width and height under horizontal scanning-mode. The final line height and width depend on the typical behavior of traditional flow coating process, while the surface morphologies and roughness are mainly governed by evaporation-driven electrocrystallization dynamics near the receding moving contact line. Integrated 3D structures and a rapid prototyping of 3D hot-wire anemometer are further demonstrated, which is very important for the freedom integration applications in advanced conceptual devices, such as miniaturized electronics and biomedical sensors and actuators.

Direct determination of three-phase contact line properties on nearly molecular scale

DOE PAGES

Winkler, P. M.; McGraw, R. L.; Bauer, P. S.; ...

2016-05-17

Wetting phenomena in multi-phase systems govern the shape of the contact line which separates the different phases. For liquids in contact with solid surfaces wetting is typically described in terms of contact angle. While in macroscopic systems the contact angle can be determined experimentally, on the molecular scale contact angles are hardly accessible. Here we report the first direct experimental determination of contact angles as well as contact line curvature on a scale of the order of 1nm. For water nucleating heterogeneously on Ag nanoparticles we find contact angles around 15 degrees compared to 90 degrees for the corresponding macroscopicallymore » measured equilibrium angle. The obtained microscopic contact angles can be attributed to negative line tension in the order of –10 –10 J/m that becomes increasingly dominant with increasing curvature of the contact line. Furthermore, these results enable a consistent theoretical description of heterogeneous nucleation and provide firm insight to the wetting of nanosized objects.« less

Direct measurement of friction of a fluctuating contact line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Shuo; Gao, Min; Xiong, Xiaomin; Wang, Yong Jian; Wang, Xiaoping; Sheng, Ping; Tong, Penger

2013-03-01

What happens at a moving contact line, where one fluid displaces another (immiscible) fluid over a solid surface, is a fundamental issue in fluid dynamics. In this presentation, we report a direct measurement of the friction coefficient in the immediate vicinity of a fluctuating contact line using a micron-sized vertical glass fiber with one end glued to an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever beam and the other end touching a liquid-air interface. By measuring the broadening of the resonance peak of the cantilever system with varying liquid viscosity η, we obtain the friction coefficient ξc associated with the contact line fluctuations on the glass fiber of diameter d and find it has the universal form, ξc = 0 . 8 πdη , independent of the contact angle. The result is further confirmed by using a soap film system whose bulk effect is negligibly small. This is the first time that the friction coefficient of a fluctuating contact line is measured. *Work supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR.

Formation of conductive copper lines by femtosecond laser irradiation of copper nitride film on plastic substrates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Xiaodong; Yuan, Ningyi, E-mail: nyyuan@cczu.edu.cn; Center for Low-Dimensional Materials, Micro-Nano Devices and Systems, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu

2015-05-15

In this paper, we report a simple method to form conductive copper lines by scanning a single-beam femtosecond pulse laser on a plastic substrate covered with copper nitride (Cu{sub 3}N) film. The Cu{sub 3}N films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering in the presence of an Ar + N{sub 2} atmosphere at 100 °C. The influence of the laser power and scanning speed on the formed copper line width, surface features, and morphology was analyzed by means of optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, non-contact 3D profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that low laser power and low scanningmore » speed favor the formation of uniform and flat Cu lines. After process optimization, copper lines with a width less than 5 μm were obtained, which provides an attractive application prospect in the field of flexible electronic devices.« less

Atom Resonance Lines for Modeling Atmosphere: Studies of Pressure-Broadening of Alkali Atom Resonance Lines for Modeling Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasan, Hashima (Technical Monitor); Kirby, K.; Babb, J.; Yoshino, K.

2005-01-01

We report on progress made in a joint program of theoretical and experimental research to study the line-broadening of alkali atom resonance lines due to collisions with species such as helium and molecular hydrogen. Accurate knowledge of the line profiles of Na and K as a function of temperature and pressure will allow such lines to serve as valuable diagnostics of the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and extra-solar giant planets. A new experimental apparatus has been designed, built and tested over the past year, and we are poised to begin collecting data on the first system of interest, the potassium resonance lines perturbed by collisions with helium. On the theoretical front, calculations of line-broadening due to sodium collisions with helium are nearly complete, using accurate molecular potential energy curves and transition moments just recently computed for this system. In addition we have completed calculations of the three relevant potential energy curves and associated transition moments for K - He, using the MOLPRO quantum chemistry codes. Currently, calculations of the potential surfaces describing K-H2 are in progress.

Monitoring Ecological Impacts of Environmental Surface ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Optimized cell-based metabolomics has been used to study the impacts of contaminants in surface waters on human and fish metabolomes. This method has proven to be resource- and time-effective, as well as sustainable for long term and large scale studies. In the current study, cell-based metabolomics is used to investigate the impacts of contaminants in surface waters on biological pathways in human and ecologically relevant cell lines. Water samples were collected from stream sites nationwide, where significant impacts have been estimated from the most potentially contaminated sources (i.e. waste water treatment plants, concentrated animal feeding operations, mining operations, and plant-based agricultural operations that use intensive chemical applications). Zebrafish liver cells (ZFL) were used to study exposure impacts on in vitro metabolomes. In addition, a small number of water samples were studied using two human cell lines (liver cells, HepG2 and brain cells, LN229). The cellular metabolites were profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Detailed methods and results will be reported. Presented at SETAC North America 37th Annual Meeting

Line-scanning, stage scanning confocal microscope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carucci, John A.; Stevenson, Mary; Gareau, Daniel

2016-03-01

We created a line-scanning, stage scanning confocal microscope as part of a new procedure: video assisted micrographic surgery (VAMS). The need for rapid pathological assessment of the tissue on the surface of skin excisions very large since there are 3.5 million new skin cancers diagnosed annually in the United States. The new design presented here is a confocal microscope without any scanning optics. Instead, a line is focused in space and the sample, which is flattened, is physically translated such that the line scans across its face in a direction perpendicular to the line its self. The line is 6mm long and the stage is capable of scanning 50 mm, hence the field of view is quite large. The theoretical diffraction-limited resolution is 0.7um lateral and 3.7um axial. However, in this preliminary report, we present initial results that are a factor of 5-7 poorer in resolution. The results are encouraging because they demonstrate that the linear array detector measures sufficient signal from fluorescently labeled tissue and also demonstrate the large field of view achievable with VAMS.

Tele-autonomous control involving contacts: The applications of a high precision laser line range sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Volz, R. A.; Shao, L.; Walker, M. W.; Conway, L. A.

1989-01-01

The object localization algorithm based on line-segment matching is presented. The method is very simple and computationally fast. In most cases, closed-form formulas are used to derive the solution. The method is also quite flexible, because only few surfaces (one or two) need to be accessed (sensed) to gather necessary range data. For example, if the line-segments are extracted from boundaries of a planar surface, only parameters of one surface and two of its boundaries need to be extracted, as compared with traditional point-surface matching or line-surface matching algorithms which need to access at least three surfaces in order to locate a planar object. Therefore, this method is especially suitable for applications when an object is surrounded by many other work pieces and most of the object is very difficult, is not impossible, to be measured; or when not all parts of the object can be reached. The theoretical ground on how to use line range sensor to located an object was laid. Much work has to be done in order to be really useful.

Pinning-Depinning Mechanisms of the Contact Line during Evaporation of Microdroplets on Rough Surfaces: A Lattice Boltzmann Simulation.

PubMed

Yuan, Wu-Zhi; Zhang, Li-Zhi

2018-06-22

In this study, pinning and depinning of the contact line during droplet evaporation on the rough surfaces with randomly distributed structures is theoretically analyzed and numerically investigated. A fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method is used to generate the rough surfaces, whose skewness ( Sk), kurtosis ( K), and root-mean-square ( Rq) are obtained from real surfaces. A thermal multiphase LB model is proposed to simulate the isothermal pinning and depinning processes. The evaporation processes are recorded with the variations in contact angle, contact radius, and drop shape. It is found that the drops sitting on rough surfaces show different behavior from those on smoother surfaces. The former shows a pinned contact line during almost the whole lifetime. By contrast, the latter experiences a stick-slip-jump behavior until the drop disappears. At mesoscopic scale, the pinning of the contact line is actually a slow motion rather than a complete immobilization at the sharp edges. The dynamic equilibrium is achieved by the self-adjustment of the contact line according to each edge.

Location of Bare Soil Surface and Soil Line on the RED-NIR Spectral Plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koroleva, P. V.; Rukhovich, D. I.; Rukhovich, A. D.; Rukhovich, D. D.; Kulyanitsa, A. L.; Trubnikov, A. V.; Kalinina, N. V.; Simakova, M. S.

2017-12-01

Soil as a separate natural body occupies certain area with its own set of spectral characteristics within the RED-NIR spectral space. This is an ellipse-shaped area, and its semi-major axis is the soil line for a satellite image. The spectral area for a bare soil surface is neighboring to the areas of black carbon, straw, vegetating plants, and missing RED-NIR values. A reliable separation of the bare soil surface within the spectral space is possible with the technology of spectral neighborhood of soil line. The accuracy of this method is 90%. The determination of the bare soil surface using vegetation indices, both relative (NDVI), and perpendicular (PVI), is incorrect; the accuracy of these methods does not exceed 65%, and for most of the survey seasons it may be lower than 50%. The flat part of the "tasseled cap" described as the soil line, is not a synonym for the area of the bare soil surface. The bare soil surface on the RED-NIR plots occupies significantly smaller areas than the area of soil line according to Kauth and Thomas.

Hydrography change detection: the usefulness of surface channels derived From LiDAR DEMs for updating mapped hydrography

USGS Publications Warehouse

Poppenga, Sandra K.; Gesch, Dean B.; Worstell, Bruce B.

2013-01-01

The 1:24,000-scale high-resolution National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) mapped hydrography flow lines require regular updating because land surface conditions that affect surface channel drainage change over time. Historically, NHD flow lines were created by digitizing surface water information from aerial photography and paper maps. Using these same methods to update nationwide NHD flow lines is costly and inefficient; furthermore, these methods result in hydrography that lacks the horizontal and vertical accuracy needed for fully integrated datasets useful for mapping and scientific investigations. Effective methods for improving mapped hydrography employ change detection analysis of surface channels derived from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital elevation models (DEMs) and NHD flow lines. In this article, we describe the usefulness of surface channels derived from LiDAR DEMs for hydrography change detection to derive spatially accurate and time-relevant mapped hydrography. The methods employ analyses of horizontal and vertical differences between LiDAR-derived surface channels and NHD flow lines to define candidate locations of hydrography change. These methods alleviate the need to analyze and update the nationwide NHD for time relevant hydrography, and provide an avenue for updating the dataset where change has occurred.

Measurement of strain in Al-Cu interconnect lines with x-ray microdiffraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Solak, H. H.; Vladimirsky, Y.; Cerrina, F.; Lai, B.; Yun, W.; Cai, Z.; Ilinski, P.; Legnini, D.; Rodrigues, W.

1999-07-01

We report measurement of strain in patterned Al-Cu interconnect lines with x-ray microdiffraction technique with a ˜1 μm spatial resolution. Monochromatized x rays from an undulator were focused on the sample using a phase fresnel zone plate and diffracted light was collected by an area detector in a symmetric, angle dispersive x-ray diffraction geometry. Measurements were made before and after the line sample was stressed for electromigration. Results show an increase in inter- and intra-grain strain variation after the testing. Differences in strain behavior of grains with (111) and (200) crystallographic planes parallel to the substrate surface were observed. A position dependent variation of strain after the testing was measured whereas no such dependence was found before the testing.

THE NATURE OF A GALAXY ALONG THE SIGHT LINE TO PKS 0454+039

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Takamiya, Marianne; Chun, Mark; Kulkarni, Varsha P.

2012-10-01

We report on the properties of a faint blue galaxy (G1) along the line of sight to the QSO PKS 0454+039 from spectroscopic and imaging data. We measured emission lines of H{alpha}, [S II] {lambda}{lambda}6716, 6732, and [N II] {lambda}6584 in the spectrum of G1 obtained with the Gemini/GMOS instrument. The spectroscopic redshift of G1 is z = 0.0715 {+-} 0.0002. From the extinction-corrected H{alpha} flux, we determine a modest star formation rate of SFR = 0.07 M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1} and a specific SFR of log (sSFR) -8.4. Using three different abundance indicators, we determine a nebular abundance 12more » + log (O/H) ranging from 7.6 to 8.2. Based on the velocity dispersion inferred from the emission line widths and the observed surface brightness profile, we estimate the virial mass of G1 to be M{sub vir} {approx} 6.7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 9} M{sub Sun} with an effective radius of 2.0 kpc. We estimate the stellar mass of G1 using spectral energy distribution fitting to be M{sub *} Almost-Equal-To 1.2 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 7} M{sub Sun} and an r'-luminosity of L{sub r'} = 1.5x10{sup 8} L{sub Sun }. Overall, G1 is a faint, low-mass, low-metallicity Im/H II galaxy. We also report on the line flux limits of another source (G3) which is the most likely candidate for the absorber system at z = 0.8596. From the spectrum of the QSO itself, we report a previously undetected Mg II {lambda}{lambda}2796, 2803 absorption line system at z = 1.245.« less

The Sensitivity of Tropical Squall Lines (GATE and TOGA COARE) to Surface Fluxes: Cloud Resolving Model Simulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, Yansen; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Simpson, Joanne; Lang, Stephen

1999-01-01

Two tropical squall lines from TOGA COARE and GATE were simulated using a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model to examine the impact of surface fluxes on tropical squall line development and associated precipitation processes. The important question of how CAPE in clear and cloudy areas is maintained in the tropics is also investigated. Although the cloud structure and precipitation intensity are different between the TOGA COARE and GATE squall line cases, the effects of the surface fluxes on the amount of rainfall and on the cloud development processes are quite similar. The simulated total surface rainfall amount in the runs without surface fluxes is about 67% of the rainfall simulated with surface fluxes. The area where surface fluxes originated was categorized into clear and cloudy regions according to whether there was cloud in the vertical column. The model results indicated that the surface fluxes from the large clear air environment are the dominant moisture source for tropical squall line development even though the surface fluxes in the cloud region display a large peak. The high-energy air from the boundary layer in the clear area is what feeds the convection while the CAPE is removed by the convection. The surface rainfall was only reduced 8 to 9% percent in the simulations without surface fluxes in the cloud region. Trajectory and water budget analysis also indicated that most moisture (92%) was from the boundary layer of the clear air environment.

Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

normal passes through P and by the height (h) of P above P ′. The topographic reference surface of Mars is that specified in the final MOLA Mission...System, MGS-M- MOLA -5-MEG- DR-L3-V1.0, 2003. Available on-line from http://pds-geosciences.wustl.edu/missions/mgs/megdr.html. Accessed 2010 October 18

Still in Search of Excellence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franceschini, Louis A.

2008-01-01

As the 25th anniversary of the publication of "A Nation at Risk" is observed, it is worth recalling what more than one commentator noted as the document turned 20: it was the first in a long line of reports that surfaced during the 1980s, many of them published within months--sometimes days--of the 26 April 1983 unveiling of "A Nation at Risk." A…

Observation of Landau quantization and standing waves in HfSiS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiao, L.; Xu, Q. N.; Qi, Y. P.; Wu, S.-C.; Sun, Y.; Felser, C.; Wirth, S.

2018-05-01

Recently, HfSiS was found to be a new type of Dirac semimetal with a line of Dirac nodes in the band structure. Meanwhile, Rashba-split surface states are also pronounced in this compound. Here we report a systematic study of HfSiS by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy at low temperature and high magnetic field. The Rashba-split surface states are characterized by measuring Landau quantization and standing waves, which reveal a quasilinear dispersive band structure. First-principles calculations based on density-functional theory are conducted and compared with the experimental results. Based on these investigations, the properties of the Rashba-split surface states and their interplay with defects and collective modes are discussed.

Surface texture measurement for dental wear applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Austin, R. S.; Mullen, F.; Bartlett, D. W.

2015-06-01

The application of surface topography measurement and characterization within dental materials science is highly active and rapidly developing, in line with many modern industries. Surface measurement and structuring is used extensively within oral and dental science to optimize the optical, tribological and biological performance of natural and biomimetic dental materials. Although there has historically been little standardization in the use and reporting of surface metrology instrumentation and software, the dental industry is beginning to adopt modern areal measurement and characterization techniques, especially as the dental industry is increasingly adopting digital impressioning techniques in order to leverage CAD/CAM technologies for the design and construction of dental restorations. As dental treatment becomes increasingly digitized and reliant on advanced technologies such as dental implants, wider adoption of standardized surface topography and characterization techniques will become evermore essential. The dental research community welcomes the advances that are being made in surface topography measurement science towards realizing this ultimate goal.

Structural investigation of the (010) surface of the Al13 Fe4 catalyst.

PubMed

Ledieu, J; Gaudry, É; Loli, L N Serkovic; Villaseca, S Alarcón; de Weerd, M-C; Hahne, M; Gille, P; Grin, Y; Dubois, J-M; Fournée, V

2013-02-15

We have investigated the structure of the Al(13)Fe(4)(010) surface using both experimental and ab initio computational methods. The results indicate that the topmost surface layers correspond to incomplete puckered (P) planes present in the bulk crystal structure. The main building block of the corrugated termination consists of two adjacent pentagons of Al atoms, each centered by a protruding Fe atom. These motifs are interconnected via additional Al atoms referred to as "glue" atoms which partially desorb above 873 K. The surface structure of lower atomic density compared to the bulk P plane is explained by a strong Fe-Al-Fe covalent polar interaction that preserves intact clusters at the surface. The proposed surface model with identified Fe-containing atomic ensembles could explain the Al(13)Fe(4) catalytic properties recently reported in line with the site-isolation concept [M. Armbrüster et al., Nat. Mater. 11, 690 (2012)].

Line-of-sight deposition method

DOEpatents

Patten, J.W.; McClanahan, E.D.; Bayne, M.A.

1980-04-16

A line-of-sight method of depositing a film having substantially 100% of theoretical density on a substrate. A pressure vessel contains a target source having a surface thereof capable of emitting particles therefrom and a substrate with the source surface and the substrate surface positioned such that the source surface is substantially parallel to the direction of the particles impinging upon the substrate surface, the distance between the most remote portion of the substrate surface receiving the particles and the source surface emitting the particles in a direction parallel to the substrate surface being relatively small. The pressure in the vessel is maintained less than about 5 microns to prevent scattering and permit line-of-sight deposition. By this method the angles of incidence of the particles impinging upon the substrate surface are in the range of from about 45/sup 0/ to 90/sup 0/ even when the target surface area is greatly expanded to increase the deposition rate.

Line-of-sight deposition method

DOEpatents

Patten, James W.; McClanahan, Edwin D.; Bayne, Michael A.

1981-01-01

A line-of-sight method of depositing a film having substantially 100% of theoretical density on a substrate. A pressure vessel contains a target source having a surface thereof capable of emitting particles therefrom and a substrate with the source surface and the substrate surface positioned such that the source surface is substantially parallel to the direction of the particles impinging upon the substrate surface, the distance between the most remote portion of the substrate surface receiving the particles and the source surface emitting the particles in a direction parallel to the substrate surface being relatively small. The pressure in the vessel is maintained less than about 5 microns to prevent scattering and permit line-of-sight deposition. By this method the angles of incidence of the particles impinging upon the substrate surface are in the range of from about 45.degree. to 90.degree. even when the target surface area is greatly expanded to increase the deposition rate.

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering on iso-C{sub 2}H{sub 2}Cl{sub 2} around the chlorine K-edge: Structural and dynamical aspects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kawerk, Elie, E-mail: eliekawerk@hotmail.com, E-mail: ekawerk@units.it; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris; Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise, 90656 Jdeidet el Metn, Liban

2014-10-14

We report a theoretical and experimental study of the high resolution resonant K{sub α} X-ray emission lines around the chlorine K-edge in gas phase 1,1-dichloroethylene. With the help of ab initio electronic structure calculations and cross section evaluation, we interpret the lowest lying peak in the X-ray absorption and emission spectra. The behavior of the K{sub α} emission lines with respect to frequency detuning highlights the existence of femtosecond nuclear dynamics on the dissociative Potential Energy Surface of the first K-shell core-excited state.

The Stable Solar Analyzer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rust, D. M.; Appourchaux, T.

1988-01-01

Progress in the development of an instrument with very high (1:10 billion) wavelength stability designed to measure solar surface velocities and magnetic fields is reported. The instrument determines Doppler and Zeeman shifts in solar spectral lines by a 6-point weighted average. It is built around an electrically tunable solid lithium-niobate Fabry-Perot etalon that is stabilized against a diode laser which itself is locked to a resonance line of cesium 133. Key features are the etalon, which acts as a wide-angle 0.017-nm solar filter, the camera with a specially stabilized shutter, and the instrument control and data collection system. Use of the instrument in helioseismological research is emphasized.

Fabrication of Bendable Circuits on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Surface by Inkjet Printing Semi-Wrapped Structures

PubMed Central

Sun, Jiazhen; Jiang, Jieke; Bao, Bin; Wang, Si; He, Min; Zhang, Xingye; Song, Yanlin

2016-01-01

In this work, an effective method was developed to fabricate bendable circuits on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface by inkjet printing semi-wrapped structures. It is demonstrated that the precured PDMS liquid film could influence the depositing morphology of coalesced silver precursor inkjet droplets. Accordingly, continuous and uniform lines with a semi-wrapped structure were fabricated on the PDMS surface. When the printed silver precursor was reduced to Ag nanoparticles, the fabricated conductive film exhibited good transparency and high bendability. This work presented a facile way to fabricate flexible patterns on a PDMS surface without any complicated modification or special equipment. Meanwhile, an in situ hydrazine reduction of Ag has been reported using the vapor phase method in the fabricating process. PMID:28773374

Surface roughness effects on contact line motion with small capillary number

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Feng-Chao; Chen, Xiao-Peng; Yue, Pengtao

2018-01-01

In this work, we investigate how surface roughness influences contact line dynamics by simulating forced wetting in a capillary tube. The tube wall is decorated with microgrooves and is intrinsically hydrophilic. A phase-field method is used to capture the fluid interface and the moving contact line. According to the numerical results, a criterion is proposed to judge whether the grooves are entirely wetted or not at vanishing capillary numbers. When the contact line moves over a train of grooves, the apparent contact angle exhibits a periodic nature, no matter whether the Cassie-Baxter or the Wenzel state is achieved. The oscillation amplitude of apparent contact angle is analyzed and found to be inversely proportional to the interface area. The contact line motion can be characterized as stick-jump-slip in the Cassie-Baxter state and stick-slip in the Wenzel state. By comparing to the contact line dynamics on smooth surfaces, equivalent microscopic contact angles and slip lengths are obtained. The equivalent slip length in the Cassie-Baxter state agrees well with the theoretical model in the literature. The equivalent contact angles are, however, much greater than the predictions of the Cassie-Baxter model and the Wenzel model for equilibrium stable states. Our results reveal that the pinning of the contact line at surface defects effectively enhances the hydrophobicity of rough surfaces, even when the surface material is intrinsically hydrophilic and the flow is under the Wenzel state.

Comparison of Surface Ground Temperature from Satellite Observations and the Off-Line Land Surface GEOS Assimilation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, R.; Houser, P.; Joiner, J.

1998-01-01

The surface ground temperature (Tg) is an important meteorological variable, because it represents an integrated thermal state of the land surface determined by a complex surface energy budget. Furthermore, Tg affects both the surface sensible and latent heat fluxes. Through these fluxes. the surface budget is coupled with the atmosphere above. Accurate Tg data are useful for estimating the surface radiation budget and fluxes, as well as soil moisture. Tg is not included in conventional synoptical weather station reports. Currently, satellites provide Tg estimates globally. It is necessary to carefully consider appropriate methods of using these satellite data in a data assimilation system. Recently, an Off-line Land surface GEOS Assimilation (OLGA) system was implemented at the Data Assimilation Office at NASA-GSFC. One of the goals of OLGA is to assimilate satellite-derived Tg data. Prior to the Tg assimilation, a thorough investigation of satellite- and model-derived Tg, including error estimates, is required. In this study we examine the Tg from the n Project (ISCCP DI) data and the OLGA simulations. The ISCCP data used here are 3-hourly DI data (2.5x2.5 degree resolution) for 1992 summer months (June, July, and August) and winter months (January and February). The model Tg for the same periods were generated by OLGA. The forcing data for this OLGA 1992 simulation were generated from the GEOS-1 Data Assimilation System (DAS) at Data Assimilation Office NASA-GSFC. We examine the discrepancies between ISCCP and OLGA Tg with a focus on its spatial and temporal characteristics, particularly on the diurnal cycle. The error statistics in both data sets, including bias, will be estimated. The impact of surface properties, including vegetation cover and type, topography, etc, on the discrepancies will be addressed.

Nonimaging optical illumination system

DOEpatents

Winston, R.; Ries, H.

1996-12-17

A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source, a light reflecting surface, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line with the reflecting surface defined in terms of the reference line as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line to the reflection surface along the desired edge ray through the point. 35 figs.

Nonimaging optical illumination system

DOEpatents

Winston, R.; Ries, H.

1998-10-06

A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source a light reflecting surface, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line with the reflecting surface defined in terms of the reference lines a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line to the reflection surface along the desired edge ray through the point. 35 figs.

Correlating contact line capillarity and dynamic contact angle hysteresis in surfactant-nanoparticle based complex fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harikrishnan, A. R.; Dhar, Purbarun; Agnihotri, Prabhat K.; Gedupudi, Sateesh; Das, Sarit K.

2018-04-01

Dynamic wettability and contact angle hysteresis can be correlated to shed insight onto any solid-liquid interaction. Complex fluids are capable of altering the expected hysteresis and dynamic wetting behavior due to interfacial interactions. We report the effect of capillary number on the dynamic advancing and receding contact angles of surfactant-based nanocolloidal solutions on hydrophilic, near hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic surfaces by performing forced wetting and de-wetting experiments by employing the embedded needle method. A segregated study is performed to infer the contributing effects of the constituents and effects of particle morphology. The static contact angle hysteresis is found to be a function of particle and surfactant concentrations and greatly depends on the nature of the morphology of the particles. An order of estimate of line energy and a dynamic flow parameter called spreading factor and the transient variations of these parameters are explored which sheds light on the dynamics of contact line movement and response to perturbation of three-phase contact. The Cox-Voinov-Tanner law was found to hold for hydrophilic and a weak dependency on superhydrophobic surfaces with capillary number, and even for the complex fluids, with a varying degree of dependency for different fluids.

LCDRS FLOW FROM DOUBLE-LINED LANDFILLS AND SURFACE IMPOUNDMENTS. Project Summary (EPA/600/SR-93/070)

EPA Science Inventory

A study, sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), on measured flows from leakage detection, collection, and removal systems (LDCRSs) of 28 double-lined landfills and 8 double-lined surface impoundments indicated — all landfills with geomembrane top liners l...

Contamination study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, R. Barry; Herren, Kenneth A.

1990-09-01

The time dependence of the angular reflectance from molecularly contaminated optical surfaces in the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) is measured. The light scattering measurements are accomplished in situ on optical surfaces in real time during deposition of molecular contaminants. The measurements are taken using non-coherent VUV sources with the predominant wavelengths being the Krypton resonance lines at 1236 and 1600 A. Detection of the scattered light is accomplished using a set of three solar blind VUV photomultipliers. An in-plane VUV BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions) experiment is described and details of the ongoing program to characterize optical materials exposed to the space environment is reported.

Method for Estimating Operational Loads on Aerospace Structures Using Span-Wisely Distributed Surface Strains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ko, William L.; Fleischer, Van Tran

2013-01-01

This report presents a new method for estimating operational loads (bending moments, shear loads, and torques) acting on slender aerospace structures using distributed surface strains (unidirectional strains). The surface strain-sensing stations are to be evenly distributed along each span-wise strain-sensing line. A depth-wise cross section of the structure along each strain-sensing line can then be considered as an imaginary embedded beam. The embedded beam was first evenly divided into multiple small domains with domain junctures matching the strain-sensing stations. The new method is comprised of two steps. The first step is to determine the structure stiffness (bending or torsion) using surface strains obtained from a simple bending (or torsion) loading case, for which the applied bending moment (or torque) is known. The second step is to use the strain-determined structural stiffness (bending or torsion), and a new set of surface strains induced by any other loading case to calculate the associated operational loads (bending moments, shear loads, or torques). Performance of the new method for estimating operational loads was studied in light of finite-element analyses of several example structures subjected to different loading conditions. The new method for estimating operational loads was found to be fairly accurate, and is very promising for applications to the flight load monitoring of flying vehicles with slender wings.

Saddle-like topological surface states on the T T'X family of compounds (T , T' = Transition metal, X =Si , Ge)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Bahadur; Zhou, Xiaoting; Lin, Hsin; Bansil, Arun

2018-02-01

Topological nodal-line semimetals are exotic conductors that host symmetry-protected conducting nodal lines in their bulk electronic spectrum and nontrivial drumhead states on the surface. Based on first-principles calculations and an effective model analysis, we identify the presence of topological nodal-line semimetal states in the low crystalline symmetric T T'X family of compounds (T ,T' = transition metal, X = Si or Ge) in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Taking ZrPtGe as an exemplar system, we show that owing to small lattice symmetry this material harbors a single nodal line on the ky=0 plane with large energy dispersion and unique drumhead surface state with a saddlelike energy dispersion. When the SOC is included, the nodal line gaps out and the system transitions to a strong topological insulator state with Z2=(1 ;000 ) . The topological surface state evolves from the drumhead surface state via the sharing of its saddlelike energy dispersion within the bulk energy gap. These features differ remarkably from those of the currently known topological surface states in topological insulators such as Bi2Se3 with Dirac-cone-like energy dispersions.

Feed gas contaminant control in ion transport membrane systems

DOEpatents

Carolan, Michael Francis [Allentown, PA; Minford, Eric [Laurys Station, PA; Waldron, William Emil [Whitehall, PA

2009-07-07

Ion transport membrane oxidation system comprising an enclosure having an interior and an interior surface, inlet piping having an internal surface and adapted to introduce a heated feed gas into the interior of the enclosure, and outlet piping adapted to withdraw a product gas from the interior of the enclosure; one or more planar ion transport membrane modules disposed in the interior of the enclosure, each membrane module comprising mixed metal oxide material; and a preheater adapted to heat a feed gas to provide the heated feed gas to the inlet piping, wherein the preheater comprises an interior surface. Any of the interior surfaces of the enclosure, the inlet piping, and the preheater may be lined with a copper-containing metal lining. Alternatively, any of the interior surfaces of the inlet piping and the preheater may be lined with a copper-containing metal lining and the enclosure may comprise copper.

Extra-high voltage transmission lines: mechanisms of biological effects on honeybees. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greenberg, B.; Bindokas, V.

1985-08-01

The authors confirmed that bee exposure to E fields, including 100 kV/m, under the dry conditions cause no detectable effect on colony behavior. If, however, exposure occurs when moisture is present, or if bees are on a conductive surface, they become visibly disturbed, mortality is increased, abnormal propolization occurs, and colony development may be impaired. It seems plausible that bees on conductive surfaces within a hive under a 765-kV/m transmission line can perceive shocks from body currents induced by enhanced intra-hive E fields. Hives exposed under a 765-kV/m transmission line to an ambient E field of 7 kV/m have internalmore » step-potential-induced currents and interchamber chort-circuit currents which range from one-half to several microamperes. Total hive currents can exceed 100 ..mu..A. Thus, induced hive currents exceed the empirical sting threshold by up to a factor of 100 and the E-field-induced body current by up to a factor of 1000. The degree of disturbance which could be produced by these intra-hive currents will eclipse that produced by perception of E-field-induced body currents. The authors therefore attribute the disturbance of colonies under a transmission line primarily to electric shock from induced hive currents. 10 refs., 51 figs., 18 tabs. (DT)« less

Quantum oscillations in nodal line systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Hui; Moessner, Roderich; Lim, Lih-King

2018-04-01

We study signatures of magnetic quantum oscillations in three-dimensional nodal line semimetals at zero temperature. The extended nature of the degenerate bands can result in a Fermi surface geometry with topological genus one, as well as a Fermi surface of electron and hole pockets encapsulating the nodal line. Moreover, the underlying two-band model to describe a nodal line is not unique, in that there are two classes of Hamiltonian with distinct band topology giving rise to the same Fermi-surface geometry. After identifying the extremal cyclotron orbits in various magnetic field directions, we study their concomitant Landau levels and resulting quantum oscillation signatures. By Landau-fan-diagram analyses, we extract the nontrivial π Berry phase signature for extremal orbits linking the nodal line.

Annual report, 1966-67, stream ecology phase of the Caspar Creek project

Treesearch

John W. DeWitt

1967-01-01

During the 1966 - June 30, 1967 fiscal year, calibration work on the stream ecology phase of the project continued along about the lines of last year's work. The emphasis was on determining the importance of stream canopy, particulary as it affects the amount of solar radiation being received at the water surface and on stream conditions influenced by the amount...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoki, Kenji

A read/write head for a magnetic tape includes an elongated chip assembly and a tape running surface formed in the longitudinal direction of the chip assembly. A pair of substantially spaced parallel read/write gap lines for supporting read/write elements extend longitudinally along the tape running surface of the chip assembly. Also, at least one groove is formed on the tape running surface on both sides of each of the read/write gap lines and extends substantially parallel to the read/write gap lines.

STANDBY TOP AND BOTTOM ROTARY MILLING CUTTERS FOR TORIN LINE. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

STANDBY TOP AND BOTTOM ROTARY MILLING CUTTERS FOR TORIN LINE. SOME PRODUCT FROM THE #43 HOT ROLL IS PROCESSED ON THE TORIN LINE TO REMOVE OXIDIZED SURFACE MATERIAL. IN PRACTICE 15-20/1000 IS CUT FROM THE UPPER AND LOWER SURFACES OF THE STRIP AND RECYCLED TO THE CASTING SHOP. TORIN LINE ADDED AS PART OF 1981 EXPANSION PROGRAM. - American Brass Foundry, 70 Sayre Street, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

Continuous modulations of femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures and scanned line-widths on silicon by polarization changes.

PubMed

Han, Weina; Jiang, Lan; Li, Xiaowei; Liu, Pengjun; Xu, Le; Lu, YongFeng

2013-07-01

Large-area, uniform laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are of wide potential industry applications. The continuity and processing precision of LIPSS are mainly determined by the scanning intervals of adjacent scanning lines. Therefore, continuous modulations of LIPSS and scanned line-widths within one laser scanning pass are of great significance. This study proposes that by varying the laser (800 nm, 50 fs, 1 kHz) polarization direction, LIPSS and the scanned line-widths on a silicon (111) surface can be continuously modulated with high precision. It shows that the scanned line-width reaches the maximum when the polarization direction is perpendicular to the scanning direction. As an application example, the experiments show large-area, uniform LIPSS can be fabricated by controlling the scanning intervals based on the one-pass scanned line-widths. The simulation shows that the initially formed LIPSS structures induce directional surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) scattering along the laser polarization direction, which strengthens the subsequently anisotropic LIPSS fabrication. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments, which both support the conclusions of continuous modulations of the LIPSS and scanned line-widths.

A flare event of the long-period RS Canum Venaticorum system IM Pegasi

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buzasi, Derek L.; Ramsey, Lawrence W.; Huenemoerder, David P.

1987-01-01

The characteristics of a flare event detected on the long-period RS CVn system IM Pegasi are reported. The low-resolution spectrum show enhancements of up to a factor of five in some emission lines. All of the ultraviolet emission lines normally visible are enhanced significantly more than the normal 30 rotational modulation. Emission fluxes of both the quiescent and flare event are used to construct models of the density and temperature variation with height. These models reveal a downward shift of the transition region during the flare. Scaled models of the quiet and flaring solar outer atmosphere are used to estimate the filling factor of the flare event at about 30 percent of the stellar surface. The pattern of line enhancements in the flare is the same as a previous event in Lambda Andromeda observed previously.

Laser-based ultrasonics by dual-probe interferometer detection and narrow-band ultrasound generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Jin

1993-01-01

Despite the advantages of laser-based ultrasonic (LBU) systems, the overall sensitivity of LBU systems needs to be improved for practical applications. Progress is reported to achieve better LBU detection accuracy and sensitivity for applications with surface waves and Lamb waves. A novel dual-probe laser interferometer has been developed to measure the same signal at two points. The dual-probe interferometer is a modification of a conventional single-probe interferometer in that the reference beam is guided to a second detecting point on the specimen surface to form a differential measurement mode, which measure the difference of the displacements at the two points. This dual-probe interferometer is particularly useful for accurate measurements of the speed and attenuation of surface waves and Lamb waves. The dual-probe interferometer has been applied to obtain accurate measurements of the surface wave speed and attenuation on surfaces of increasing surface roughness. It has also been demonstrated that with an appropriate signal processing method, namely, the power cepstrum method, the dual-probe interferometer is applicable to measure the local surface wave speed even when the probe separation is so small that the two waveforms in the interferometer output signal overlap in the time domain. Narrow-band signal generation and detection improve the sensitivity of LBU systems. It is proposed to use a diffraction grating to form an array of illuminating strips which form a source of narrowband surface and Lamb waves. The line-array of thermoelastic sources generates narrow-band signals whose frequency and bandwidth can be easily controlled. The optimum line-array parameters, such as width, spacing and the number of lines in the array have been derived theoretically and verified experimentally. Narrow-band signal generation with optimum parameters has been demonstrated. The enhanced LBU system with dual-probe detection and narrowband signal generation has been successfully applied to the detection of cracks emanating from rivet holes in aircraft fuselage panel samples. A compact fiber-optic dual-probe interferometer has also been developed and applied to the above mentioned problem of crack detection. Results agree well with those obtained with a bulk LBU system.

Direct mapping of the temperature and velocity gradients in discs. Imaging the vertical CO snow line around IM Lupi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinte, C.; Ménard, F.; Duchêne, G.; Hill, T.; Dent, W. R. F.; Woitke, P.; Maret, S.; van der Plas, G.; Hales, A.; Kamp, I.; Thi, W. F.; de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.; Rab, C.; Quanz, S. P.; Avenhaus, H.; Carmona, A.; Casassus, S.

2018-01-01

Accurate measurements of the physical structure of protoplanetary discs are critical inputs for planet formation models. These constraints are traditionally established via complex modelling of continuum and line observations. Instead, we present an empirical framework to locate the CO isotopologue emitting surfaces from high spectral and spatial resolution ALMA observations. We apply this framework to the disc surrounding IM Lupi, where we report the first direct, i.e. model independent, measurements of the radial and vertical gradients of temperature and velocity in a protoplanetary disc. The measured disc structure is consistent with an irradiated self-similar disc structure, where the temperature increases and the velocity decreases towards the disc surface. We also directly map the vertical CO snow line, which is located at about one gas scale height at radii between 150 and 300 au, with a CO freeze-out temperature of 21 ± 2 K. In the outer disc (>300 au), where the gas surface density transitions from a power law to an exponential taper, the velocity rotation field becomes significantly sub-Keplerian, in agreement with the expected steeper pressure gradient. The sub-Keplerian velocities should result in a very efficient inward migration of large dust grains, explaining the lack of millimetre continuum emission outside of 300 au. The sub-Keplerian motions may also be the signature of the base of an externally irradiated photo-evaporative wind. In the same outer region, the measured CO temperature above the snow line decreases to ≈15 K because of the reduced gas density, which can result in a lower CO freeze-out temperature, photo-desorption, or deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium.

Ames S-32 O-16 O-18 Line List for High-Resolution Experimental IR Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huang, Xinchuan; Schwenke, David W.; Lee, Timothy J.

2016-01-01

By comparing to the most recent experimental data and spectra of the SO2 628 ?1/?3 bands (see Ulenikov et al., JQSRT 168 (2016) 29-39), this study illustrates the reliability and accuracy of the Ames-296K SO2 line list, which is accurate enough to facilitate such high-resolution spectroscopic analysis. The SO2 628 IR line list is computed on a recently improved potential energy surface (PES) refinement, denoted Ames-Pre2, and the published purely ab initio CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ dipole moment surface. Progress has been made in both energy level convergence and rovibrational quantum number assignments agreeing with laboratory analysis models. The accuracy of the computed 628 energy levels and line list is similar to what has been achieved and reported for SO2 626 and 646, i.e. 0.01-0.03 cm(exp -1) for bands up to 5500 cm(exp -1). During the comparison, we found some discrepancies in addition to overall good agreements. The three-IR-list based feature-by-feature analysis in a 0.25 cm(exp -1) spectral window clearly demonstrates the power of the current Ames line lists with new assignments, correction of some errors, and intensity contributions from varied sources including other isotopologues. We are inclined to attribute part of detected discrepancies to an incomplete experimental analysis and missing intensity in the model. With complete line position, intensity, and rovibrational quantum numbers determined at 296 K, spectroscopic analysis is significantly facilitated especially for a spectral range exhibiting such an unusually high density of lines. The computed 628 rovibrational levels and line list are accurate enough to provide alternatives for the missing bands or suspicious assignments, as well as helpful to identify these isotopologues in various celestial environments. The next step will be to revisit the SO2 828 and 646 spectral analyses.

The surface pH of glass ionomer cavity lining agents.

PubMed

Woolford, M J

1989-12-01

It is considered that acid release from the surface of glass ionomer (polyalkenoate) cements may be associated with early pulpal sensitivity following the use of these materials. This study was carried out to examine the surface pH of different types of glass ionomer lining cements using a flat-ended pH electrode. It was found that the surface pH remains low for this group of materials during the first hour of setting. Different types of glass ionomer lining cement were also shown to behave differently when considering acid release from the surface. Conclusions regarding the behaviour of glass ionomers should only be made with reference to the specific material tested.

Nanoimprinted ultrafine line and space nanogratings for liquid crystal alignment.

PubMed

Liu, Yan Jun; Loh, Wei Wei; Leong, Eunice Sok Ping; Kustandi, Tanu Suryadi; Sun, Xiao Wei; Teng, Jing Hua

2012-11-23

Ultrafine 50 nm line and space nanogratings were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography, and were further used as an alignment layer for liquid crystals. The surface morphologies of the nanogratings were characterized and their surface energies were estimated through the measurement of the contact angles for two different liquids. Experimental results show that the surface energies of the nanogratings are anisotropic: the surface free energy towards the direction parallel to the grating lines is higher than that in the direction perpendicular to the grating lines. Electro-optical characteristics were tested from a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, which was assembled using two identical nanogratings. Experimental results show that such a kind of nanograting is promising as an alternative to the conventional rubbing process for liquid crystal alignment.

Implication of Highly Cytotoxic Natural Killer Cells for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment.

PubMed

Lim, Kee Siang; Mimura, Kosaku; Kua, Ley-Fang; Shiraishi, Kensuke; Kono, Koji

2018-04-20

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive upper gastrointestinal cancer and effective treatments are limited. Previous studies reported that natural killer (NK) cells expanded by coculturing with K562-mb15-41BBL feeder cells, a genetically modified K562 leukemia cell line that expresses membrane-bound interleukin (IL)-15 and 41BBL ligand, were highly proliferative and highly cytotoxic. Here, we investigated the potential of expanded NK cells for ESCC treatment. We analyzed both genetic and surface expression levels of NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) in ESCC using publicly available microarray data sets and ESCC cell lines. The cytotoxicity of resting and of IL-2-activated NK cells against ESCC cell lines was compared with that of expanded NK cells. We then also investigated the effect of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducers, GSK3β inhibitor and epidermal growth factor, on NKG2DLs expressions. As a result, MICA and MICB were significantly overexpressed in ESCC compared with adjacent normal tissues and surface NKG2DLs were expressed in ESCC cell lines. Expanded NK cells were much potent than IL-2-activated and resting NK cells against ESCC cell lines. Blocking of NKG2D with anti-NKG2D monoclonal antibody dampened expanded NK cell cytotoxicity, suggesting that the NKG2DLs-NKG2D interaction is crucial for NK cells to eliminate ESCC cells. EMT inducers concurrently induced EMT and NKG2DLs expression in ESCC cell lines rendering transitioned cells more sensitive to expanded NK cells. In conclusion, expanded NK cells were highly cytotoxic against NKG2DLs-expressing ESCC cells, particularly the EMT phenotype. These results provide a strong rationale for clinical use of these NK cells in ESCC patients.

Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings and the Voigt line shapes in the phase-resolved and intensity sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy.

PubMed

Chen, Shun-Li; Fu, Li; Gan, Wei; Wang, Hong-Fei

2016-01-21

In this report, we show that the ability to measure the sub-1 cm(-1) resolution phase-resolved and intensity high-resolution broadband sum frequency generation vibrational spectra of the -CN stretch vibration of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayer of the 4-n-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) on the z-cut α-quartz surface allows the direct comparison and understanding of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings in the imaginary and intensity SFG vibrational spectral line shapes in detail. The difference of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the imaginary and intensity sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy spectra of the same vibrational mode is the signature of the Voigt line shape and it measures the relative contribution to the overall line shape from the homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings in SFG vibrational spectra. From the phase-resolved and intensity spectra, we found that the FWHM of the 2238.00 ± 0.02 cm(-1) peak in the phase-resolved imaginary and intensity spectra is 19.2 ± 0.2 cm(-1) and 21.6 ± 0.4 cm(-1), respectively, for the -CN group of the 8CB LB monolayer on the z-cut α-quartz crystal surface. The FWHM width difference of 2.4 cm(-1) agrees quantitatively with a Voigt line shape with a homogeneous broadening half width of Γ = 5.29 ± 0.08 cm(-1) and an inhomogeneous standard derivation width Δω = 5.42 ± 0.07 cm(-1). These results shed new lights on the understanding and interpretation of the line shapes of both the phase-resolved and the intensity SFG vibrational spectra, as well as other incoherent and coherent spectroscopic techniques in general.

Intermittent PTH treatment can delay the transformation of mature osteoblasts into lining cells on the periosteal surfaces.

PubMed

Jang, Mi-Gyeong; Lee, Ji Yeon; Yang, Jae-Yeon; Park, Hyojung; Kim, Jung Hee; Kim, Jung-Eun; Shin, Chan Soo; Kim, Seong Yeon; Kim, Sang Wan

2016-09-01

Mature osteoblasts have three fates: as osteocytes, quiescent lining cells, or osteoblasts that undergo apoptosis. However, whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) can modulate the fate of mature osteoblasts in vivo is uncertain. We performed a lineage-tracing study using an inducible gene system. Dmp1-CreERt2 mice were crossed with Rosa26R reporter mice to obtain targeted mature osteoblasts and their descendants, lining cells or osteocytes, which were detected using X-gal staining. Rosa26R:Dmp1-CreERt2(+) mice were injected with 0.25 mg 4-OH-tamoxifen (4-OHTam) on postnatal days 5, 7, 9, 16, and 23. In a previous study, at 22 days after the last 4-OHTam, most LacZ+ cells on the periosteal surface were inactive lining cells. On day 25 (D25), the mice were challenged with an injection of human PTH (1-34, 80 μg/kg) or vehicle daily for 10 (D36) or 20 days (D46). We evaluated the number and thickness of LacZ+ osteoblast descendants in the calvaria and tibia. In the vehicle group, the number and thickness of LacZ+ osteoblast descendants at both D36 and D46 significantly decreased compared to D25, which was attenuated in the PTH group. In line with these results, PTH inhibited the decrease in the number of LacZ+/osteocalcin-positive cells compared to vehicle at both D36 and D46. As well, the serum levels of sclerostin decreased, as did the protein expression of sclerostin in the cortical bone. These results suggest that intermittent PTH treatment can increase the number of periosteal osteoblasts by preventing mature osteoblasts from transforming into lining cells in vivo.

Strongly anomalous diffusion in sheared magnetic configurations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vanden Eijnden, E.; Balescu, R.

1996-03-01

The statistical behavior of magnetic lines in a sheared magnetic configuration with reference surface {ital x}=0 is investigated within the framework of the kinetic theory. A Liouville equation is associated with the equations of motion of the stochastic magnetic lines. After averaging over an ensemble of realizations, it yields a convection-diffusion equation within the quasilinear approximation. The diffusion coefficients are space dependent and peaked around the reference surface {ital x}=0. Due to the shear, the diffusion of lines away from the reference surface is slowed down. The behavior of the lines is asymptotically strongly non-Gaussian. The reference surface acts likemore » an attractor around which the magnetic lines spread with an effective subdiffusive behavior. Comparison is also made with more usual treatments based on the study of the first two moments equations. For sheared systems, it is explicitly shown that the Corrsin approximation assumed in the latter approach is no longer valid. It is also concluded that the diffusion coefficients cannot be derived from the mean square displacement of the magnetic lines in an inhomogeneous medium. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Surface inspection of flat products by means of texture analysis: on-line implementation using neural networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez, Carlos; Platero, Carlos; Campoy, Pascual; Aracil, Rafael

1994-11-01

This paper describes some texture-based techniques that can be applied to quality assessment of flat products continuously produced (metal strips, wooden surfaces, cork, textile products, ...). Since the most difficult task is that of inspecting for product appearance, human-like inspection ability is required. A common feature to all these products is the presence of non- deterministic texture on their surfaces. Two main subjects are discussed: statistical techniques for both surface finishing determination and surface defect analysis as well as real-time implementation for on-line inspection in high-speed applications. For surface finishing determination a Gray Level Difference technique is presented to perform over low resolution images, that is, no-zoomed images. Defect analysis is performed by means of statistical texture analysis over defective portions of the surface. On-line implementation is accomplished by means of neural networks. When a defect arises, textural analysis is applied which result in a data-vector, acting as input of a neural net, previously trained in a supervised way. This approach tries to reach on-line performance in automated visual inspection applications when texture is presented in flat product surfaces.

Nonimaging optical illumination system

DOEpatents

Winston, Roland; Ries, Harald

2000-01-01

A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source 102, a light reflecting surface 108, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line 104 with the reflecting surface 108 defined in terms of the reference line 104 as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line 104, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line 104 to the reflection surface 108 along the desired edge ray through the point.

Nonimaging optical illumination system

DOEpatents

Winston, Roland; Ries, Harald

1998-01-01

A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source 102, a light reflecting surface 108, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line 104 with the reflecting surface 108 defined in terms of the reference line 104 as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line 104, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line 104 to the reflection surface 108 along the desired edge ray through the point.

Nonimaging optical illumination system

DOEpatents

Winston, Roland; Ries, Harald

1996-01-01

A nonimaging illumination optical device for producing a selected far field illuminance over an angular range. The optical device includes a light source 102, a light reflecting surface 108, and a family of light edge rays defined along a reference line 104 with the reflecting surface 108 defined in terms of the reference line 104 as a parametric function R(t) where t is a scalar parameter position and R(t)=k(t)+Du(t) where k(t) is a parameterization of the reference line 104, and D is a distance from a point on the reference line 104 to the reflection surface 108 along the desired edge ray through the point.

TGF-β induces surface LAP expression on murine CD4 T cells independent of Foxp3 induction.

PubMed

Oida, Takatoku; Weiner, Howard L

2010-11-24

It has been reported that human FOXP3(+) CD4 Tregs express GARP-anchored surface latency-associated peptide (LAP) after activation, based on the use of an anti-human LAP mAb. Murine CD4 Foxp3(+) Tregs have also been reported to express surface LAP, but these studies have been hampered by the lack of suitable anti-mouse LAP mAbs. We generated anti-mouse LAP mAbs by immunizing TGF-β(-/-) animals with a mouse Tgfb1-transduced P3U1 cell line. Using these antibodies, we demonstrated that murine Foxp3(+) CD4 Tregs express LAP on their surface. In addition, retroviral transduction of Foxp3 into mouse CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells induced surface LAP expression. We then examined surface LAP expression after treating CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells with TGF-β and found that TGF-β induced surface LAP not only on T cells that became Foxp3(+) but also on T cells that remained Foxp3(-) after TGF-β treatment. GARP expression correlated with the surface LAP expression, suggesting that surface LAP is GARP-anchored also in murine T cells. Unlike human CD4 T cells, surface LAP expression on mouse CD4 T cells is controlled by Foxp3 and TGF-β. Our newly described anti-mouse LAP mAbs will provide a useful tool for the investigation and functional analysis of T cells that express LAP on their surface.

Visible light emission induced by Krq+ (4 ≤ q ≤ 9) ions colliding with the Cu surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Yipan; Yang, Zhihu; Xu, Qiumei; Ren, Jieru; Zhao, Hongyun; Zhao, Yongtao

2017-09-01

In this paper, we report visible light emission from 320 keV Krq+ (4 ≤ q ≤ 9) ions on the Cu target. The wavelength range measured is from 300 nm to 656 nm. Two Cu I spectra deriving from different initial states and one Kr I line are detected. Specifically, the two Cu I lines belong to transitions 3d104p(2P03/2) - 3d104s (2S1/2) at 324.78 nm (A) and 3d104p(2P01/2) - 3d104s(2S1/2) at 327.42 nm (B), respectively, and the photon yield ratio of spectra lines (A) and (B) are about 2:1. The Kr I line belongs to transition 4s24p5(2P03/2)11d 2[3/2]0 - 4s24p5(2P03/2)5p 2[1/2] at 486.12 nm (C). In addition, the experimental results show that the photon yields of all lines are increasing with the charge state increase.

The development of a line-scan imaging algorithm for the detection of fecal contamination on leafy geens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Moon S.; Chuang, Yung-Kun; Lee, Hoyoung

2013-05-01

This paper reports the development of a multispectral algorithm, using the line-scan hyperspectral imaging system, to detect fecal contamination on leafy greens. Fresh bovine feces were applied to the surfaces of washed loose baby spinach leaves. A hyperspectral line-scan imaging system was used to acquire hyperspectral fluorescence images of the contaminated leaves. Hyperspectral image analysis resulted in the selection of the 666 nm and 688 nm wavebands for a multispectral algorithm to rapidly detect feces on leafy greens, by use of the ratio of fluorescence intensities measured at those two wavebands (666 nm over 688 nm). The algorithm successfully distinguished most of the lowly diluted fecal spots (0.05 g feces/ml water and 0.025 g feces/ml water) and some of the highly diluted spots (0.0125 g feces/ml water and 0.00625 g feces/ml water) from the clean spinach leaves. The results showed the potential of the multispectral algorithm with line-scan imaging system for application to automated food processing lines for food safety inspection of leafy green vegetables.

Topological semimetal in honeycomb lattice LnSI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nie, Simin; Xu, Gang; Prinz, Fritz B.; Zhang, Shou-cheng

2017-10-01

Recognized as elementary particles in the standard model, Weyl fermions in condensed matter have received growing attention. However, most of the previously reported Weyl semimetals exhibit rather complicated electronic structures that, in turn, may have raised questions regarding the underlying physics. Here, we report promising topological phases that can be realized in specific honeycomb lattices, including ideal Weyl semimetal structures, 3D strong topological insulators, and nodal-line semimetal configurations. In particular, we highlight a semimetal featuring both Weyl nodes and nodal lines. Guided by this model, we showed that GdSI, the long-perceived ideal Weyl semimetal, has two pairs of Weyl nodes residing at the Fermi level and that LuSI (YSI) is a 3D strong topological insulator with the right-handed helical surface states. Our work provides a mechanism to study topological semimetals and proposes a platform for exploring the physics of Weyl semimetals as well as related device designs.

Topological semimetal in honeycomb lattice LnSI.

PubMed

Nie, Simin; Xu, Gang; Prinz, Fritz B; Zhang, Shou-Cheng

2017-10-03

Recognized as elementary particles in the standard model, Weyl fermions in condensed matter have received growing attention. However, most of the previously reported Weyl semimetals exhibit rather complicated electronic structures that, in turn, may have raised questions regarding the underlying physics. Here, we report promising topological phases that can be realized in specific honeycomb lattices, including ideal Weyl semimetal structures, 3D strong topological insulators, and nodal-line semimetal configurations. In particular, we highlight a semimetal featuring both Weyl nodes and nodal lines. Guided by this model, we showed that GdSI, the long-perceived ideal Weyl semimetal, has two pairs of Weyl nodes residing at the Fermi level and that LuSI (YSI) is a 3D strong topological insulator with the right-handed helical surface states. Our work provides a mechanism to study topological semimetals and proposes a platform for exploring the physics of Weyl semimetals as well as related device designs.

Topological semimetal in honeycomb lattice LnSI

PubMed Central

Nie, Simin; Xu, Gang; Prinz, Fritz B.; Zhang, Shou-cheng

2017-01-01

Recognized as elementary particles in the standard model, Weyl fermions in condensed matter have received growing attention. However, most of the previously reported Weyl semimetals exhibit rather complicated electronic structures that, in turn, may have raised questions regarding the underlying physics. Here, we report promising topological phases that can be realized in specific honeycomb lattices, including ideal Weyl semimetal structures, 3D strong topological insulators, and nodal-line semimetal configurations. In particular, we highlight a semimetal featuring both Weyl nodes and nodal lines. Guided by this model, we showed that GdSI, the long-perceived ideal Weyl semimetal, has two pairs of Weyl nodes residing at the Fermi level and that LuSI (YSI) is a 3D strong topological insulator with the right-handed helical surface states. Our work provides a mechanism to study topological semimetals and proposes a platform for exploring the physics of Weyl semimetals as well as related device designs. PMID:28928149

Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, Bruce D.; Abraham, Jared D.; Cannia, James C.; Hill, Patricia

2009-01-01

This report is a release of digital data from a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during June 2008 in areas of western Nebraska as part of a joint hydrologic study by the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and U.S. Geological Survey. The objective of the contracted survey, conducted by Fugro Airborne, Ltd., was to improve the understanding of the relationship between surface water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. The survey covered 1,375 line km (854 line mi). A unique aspect of this survey is the flight line layout. One set of flight lines were flown paralleling each side of the east-west trending North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek. The survey also included widely separated (10 km) perpendicular north-south lines. The success of this survey design depended on a well understood regional hydrogeologic framework and model developed by the Cooperative Hydrologic Study of the Platte River Basin. Resistivity variations along lines could be related to this framework. In addition to these lines, more traditional surveys consisting of parallel flight lines separated by about 270 m were carried out for one block in each of the drainages. These surveys helped to establish the spatial variations of the resistivity of hydrostratigraphic units. The electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separated frequencies from about 400 Hz to about 140,000 Hz. The electromagnetic data along flight lines were converted to electrical resistivity. The resulting line data were converted to geo-referenced grids and maps which are included with this report. In addition to the electromagnetic data, total field magnetic data and digital elevation data were collected. Data released in this report consist of data along flight lines, digital grids, and digital maps of the apparent resistivity and total magnetic field. The depth range of the subsurface investigation for the electromagnetic survey (estimated as deep as 60 m) is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. The geophysical data and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey and cooperator studies are being used by resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the area. In addition, data will be used to refine hydrologic models in western Nebraska.

[The influence of immobilized fibronectin on karyotypic variability of two rat kangaroo kidney cell lines].

PubMed

Polianskaia, G G; Goriachaia, T S; Pinaev, G P

2007-01-01

The numerical and structural karyotypic variability has been investigated in "markerless" Rat kangaroo kidney cell lines NBL-3-17 and NBL-3-11 when cultivating on a fibronectin-coated surface. In cell line NBL-3-17, cultivated on the fibronectin-coated surface for 1, 2, 4 and 8 days, the character of cell distribution for the chromosome number has changed. These changes involve a significant decrease in frequency of cells with modal number of chromosomes, and an increase in frequency of cells with lower chromosomal number. Many new additional structural variants of the karyotype (SVK) appear. The observed alterations seem to be due preference adhesion of cells with lower chromosome number, disturbances of mitotic apparatus and selection of SVK, which are more adopted to changes in culture conditions. Detachment of cells from the fibronectin-coated surface, followed by 5 days cultivation on a hydrophilic surface restored control distribution. In cell line NBL-3-11, cultivated on the fibronectin-coated surface for 1, 2, 4 and 8 days, the character of numerical karyotypic variability did not change compared to control variants. In cell line NBL-3-17 the frequency of chromosomal aberrations under cultivation on the fibronectin-coated surface for 1, 2, 4 and 8 days did not change relative to control variants. In cell line NBL-3-11 the frequency of chromosomal aberrations under the same conditions significantly increases, mainly at the expence of chromosomal, chromatid breaks and dicentrics (telomeric association) relative to control variants. We discuss possible reasons of differences in the character of numerical and structural karyotypic variability between cell lines NBL-3-17 (hypotriploid) and NBL-3-11 (hypodiploid) under cultivation on fibronectin. The reasons of the observed interline karyotypic differences possibly consist in peculiarity of karyotypic structure of cell line NBL-3-11 and in the change of gene expression, namely in a dose of certain functioning genes in the hypotryploid cell line NBL-3-17.

Surface plasmon mediated Raman scattering in metal nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bachelier, G.; Mlayah, A.

2004-05-01

The Raman scattering due to confined acoustic vibrations in metal particles is studied theoretically. Various coupling mechanisms between the surface plasmon polaritons and the confined vibrations are investigated. Their relative contribution to the light scattering is discussed. We found that two mechanisms play an important role: (i) modulation of the interband dielectric susceptibility via deformation potential due to pure radial vibrations and (ii) modulation of the surface polarization charges by quadripolar vibrations. The dependence of the Raman spectra on the nanoparticles size and size distribution and on the excitation energy is studied in connection with the nature of the excited plasmon-polariton states. We found a good agreement between calculated line shapes and relatives intensities of the Raman bands and the experimental spectra reported in the literature.

SURFACE PHONONS IN THE ORDERED c(2 × 2) PHASE OF Pd ON Au(100)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chadli, R.; Khater, A.; Tigrine, R.

2013-03-01

The vibrational properties of the Au(100)-c(2 × 2)-Pd ordered phase, which is a stable system in the temperature range of 500 K to 600 K, are presented. This surface alloy is formed by depositing Pd atoms onto the Au(100) surface, and annealing at higher temperatures. The equilibrium structural characteristics, phonon dispersions as well as the local density of phonon states are calculated using the matching theory associated with Green's function formalism evaluated in the harmonic approximation. New surface modes have been found on the ordered metallic surface alloy along the three directions of high symmetry /line{Γ X}, /line{XM}, and /line{MΓ }, in comparison with the clean surface Au(100). Three of them are observed above the bulk bands spectrum.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rey, Michaël, E-mail: michael.rey@univ-reims.fr; Tyuterev, Vladimir G.; Nikitin, Andrei V.

Accurate variational high-resolution spectra calculations in the range 0-8000 cm{sup −1} are reported for the first time for the monodeutered methane ({sup 12}CH{sub 3}D). Global calculations were performed by using recent ab initio surfaces for line positions and line intensities derived from the main isotopologue {sup 12}CH{sub 4}. Calculation of excited vibrational levels and high-J rovibrational states is described by using the normal mode Eckart-Watson Hamiltonian combined with irreducible tensor formalism and appropriate numerical procedures for solving the quantum nuclear motion problem. The isotopic H→D substitution is studied in details by means of symmetry and nonlinear normal mode coordinate transformations.more » Theoretical spectra predictions are given up to J = 25 and compared with the HITRAN 2012 database representing a compilation of line lists derived from analyses of experimental spectra. The results are in very good agreement with available empirical data suggesting that a large number of yet unassigned lines in observed spectra could be identified and modeled using the present approach.« less

Doppler Imaging with FUSE: The Partially Eclipsing Binary VW Cep

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sonneborn, George (Technical Monitor); Brickhouse, Nancy

2003-01-01

This report covers the FUSE Guest Observer program. This project involves the study of emission line profiles for the partially eclipsing, rapidly rotating binary system VW Cep. Active regions on the surface of the star(s) produce observable line shifts as the stars move with respect to the observer. By studying the time-dependence of the line profile changes and centroid shifts, one can determine the location of the activity. FUSE spectra were obtained by the P.I. 27 Sept 2002 and data reduction is in progress. Since we are interested in line profile analysis, we are now investigating the wavelength scale calibration in some detail. We have also obtained and are analyzing Chandra data in order to compare the X-ray velocities with the FUV velocities. A complementary project comparing X-ray and Far UltraViolet (FUV) emission for the similar system 44i Boo is also underway. Postdoctoral fellow Ronnie Hoogerwerf has joined the investigation team and will perform the data analysis, once the calibration is optimized.

Establishment and characterization of a unique 1 microm diameter liver-derived progenitor cell line.

PubMed

Aravalli, Rajagopal N; Behnan Sahin, M; Cressman, Erik N K; Steer, Clifford J

2010-01-01

Liver-derived progenitor cells (LDPCs) are recently identified novel stem/progenitor cells from healthy, unmanipulated adult rat livers. They are distinct from other known liver stem/progenitor cells such as the oval cells. In this study, we have generated a LDPC cell line RA1 by overexpressing the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (TAg) in primary LDPCs. This cell line was propagated continuously for 55 passages in culture, after which it became senescent. Interestingly, following transformation with SV40 TAg, LDPCs decreased in size significantly and the propagating cells measured 1 microm in diameter. RA1 cells proliferated in vitro with a doubling time of 5-7 days, and expressed cell surface markers of LDPCs. In this report, we describe the characterization of this novel progenitor cell line that might serve as a valuable model to study liver cell functions and stem cell origin of liver cancers. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Geometry-induced phase transition in fluids: Capillary prewetting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yatsyshin, Petr; Savva, Nikos; Kalliadasis, Serafim

2013-02-01

We report a new first-order phase transition preceding capillary condensation and corresponding to the discontinuous formation of a curved liquid meniscus. Using a mean-field microscopic approach based on the density functional theory we compute the complete phase diagram of a prototypical two-dimensional system exhibiting capillary condensation, namely that of a fluid with long-ranged dispersion intermolecular forces which is spatially confined by a substrate forming a semi-infinite rectangular pore exerting long-ranged dispersion forces on the fluid. In the T-μ plane the phase line of the new transition is tangential to the capillary condensation line at the capillary wetting temperature Tcw. The surface phase behavior of the system maps to planar wetting with the phase line of the new transition, termed capillary prewetting, mapping to the planar prewetting line. If capillary condensation is approached isothermally with T>Tcw, the meniscus forms at the capping wall and unbinds continuously, making capillary condensation a second-order phenomenon. We compute the corresponding critical exponent for the divergence of adsorption.

Galactic evolution of oxygen. OH lines in 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González Hernández, J. I.; Bonifacio, P.; Ludwig, H.-G.; Caffau, E.; Behara, N. T.; Freytag, B.

2010-09-01

Context. Oxygen is the third most common element in the Universe. The measurement of oxygen lines in metal-poor unevolved stars, in particular near-UV OH lines, can provide invaluable information about the properties of the Early Galaxy. Aims: Near-UV OH lines constitute an important tool to derive oxygen abundances in metal-poor dwarf stars. Therefore, it is important to correctly model the line formation of OH lines, especially in metal-poor stars, where 3D hydrodynamical models commonly predict cooler temperatures than plane-parallel hydrostatic models in the upper photosphere. Methods: We have made use of a grid of 52 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres for dwarf stars computed with the code CO5BOLD, extracted from the more extended CIFIST grid. The 52 models cover the effective temperature range 5000-6500 K, the surface gravity range 3.5-4.5 and the metallicity range -3 < [Fe/H] < 0. Results: We determine 3D-LTE abundance corrections in all 52 3D models for several OH lines and ion{Fe}{i} lines of different excitation potentials. These 3D-LTE corrections are generally negative and reach values of roughly -1 dex (for the OH 3167 with excitation potential of approximately 1 eV) for the higher temperatures and surface gravities. Conclusions: We apply these 3D-LTE corrections to the individual O abundances derived from OH lines of a sample the metal-poor dwarf stars reported in Israelian et al. (1998, ApJ, 507, 805), Israelian et al. (2001, ApJ, 551, 833) and Boesgaard et al. (1999, AJ, 117, 492) by interpolating the stellar parameters of the dwarfs in the grid of 3D-LTE corrections. The new 3D-LTE [O/Fe] ratio still keeps a similar trend as the 1D-LTE, i.e., increasing towards lower [Fe/H] values. We applied 1D-NLTE corrections to 3D ion{Fe}{i} abundances and still see an increasing [O/Fe] ratio towards lower metallicites. However, the Galactic [O/Fe] ratio must be revisited once 3D-NLTE corrections become available for OH and Fe lines for a grid of 3D hydrodynamical model atmospheres.

Development and characterization of a novel human Waldenström Macroglobulinemia cell line (RPCI-WM1; Roswell Park Cancer Institute-Waldenström Macroglobulinemia 1)

PubMed Central

Chitta, Kasyapa S.; Paulus, Aneel; Ailawadhi, Sikander; Foster, Barbara A.; Moser, Michael T.; Starostik, Petr; Masood, Aisha; Sher, Taimur; Miller, Kena C.; Iancu, Dan M.; Conroy, Jeffrey; Nowak, Norma J.; Sait, Sheila N.; Personett, David A.; Coleman, Morton; Furman, Richard R.; Martin, Peter; Ansell, Stephen M.; Lee, Kelvin; Chanan-Khan, Asher A.

2015-01-01

Understanding the biology of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia is hindered by a lack of preclinical models. We report a novel cell line, RPCI-WM1, from a patient treated for WM. The cell line secreted human IgM (hIgM) with k-light chain restriction identical to the primary tumor. The cell line has a modal chromosomal number of 46 and harbors chromosomal changes such as deletion of 6q21, monoallelic deletion of 9p21 (CDKN2A), 13q14 (RB1) and 18q21 (BCL-2) with a consistent amplification of 14q32 (IgH) identical to its founding tumor sample. Clonal relationship was confirmed by identical CDR3 length and single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as a matching IgH sequence of the cell line and founding tumor. Both also harbor a heterozygous, non-synonymous mutation at amino acid 265 in MYD88 gene (L265P). The cell line expresses most of the cell surface markers present on the parent cells. Over all, RPCI-WM1 represents a valuable model to study WM. PMID:22812491

Development and characterization of a novel human Waldenström macroglobulinemia cell line: RPCI-WM1, Roswell Park Cancer Institute - Waldenström Macroglobulinemia 1.

PubMed

Chitta, Kasyapa S; Paulus, Aneel; Ailawadhi, Sikander; Foster, Barbara A; Moser, Michael T; Starostik, Petr; Masood, Aisha; Sher, Taimur; Miller, Kena C; Iancu, Dan M; Conroy, Jeffrey; Nowak, Norma J; Sait, Sheila N; Personett, David A; Coleman, Morton; Furman, Richard R; Martin, Peter; Ansell, Stephen M; Lee, Kelvin; Chanan-Khan, Asher A

2013-02-01

Understanding the biology of Waldenström macroglobulinemia is hindered by a lack of preclinical models. We report a novel cell line, RPCI-WM1, from a patient treated for WM. The cell line secretes human immunoglobulin M (h-IgM) with κ-light chain restriction identical to the primary tumor. The cell line has a modal chromosomal number of 46 and harbors chromosomal changes such as deletion of 6q21, monoallelic deletion of 9p21 (CDKN2A), 13q14 (RB1) and 18q21 (BCL-2), with a consistent amplification of 14q32 (immunoglobulin heavy chain; IgH) identical to its founding tumor sample. The clonal relationship is confirmed by identical CDR3 length and single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as a matching IgH sequence of the cell line and founding tumor. Both also harbor a heterozygous, non-synonymous mutation at amino acid 265 in the MYD88 gene (L265P). The cell line expresses most of the cell surface markers present on the parent cells. Overall, RPCI-WM1 represents a valuable model to study Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

A reevaluation of CD22 expression in human lung cancer.

PubMed

Pop, Laurentiu M; Barman, Stephen; Shao, Chunli; Poe, Jonathan C; Venturi, Guglielmo M; Shelton, John M; Pop, Iliodora V; Gerber, David E; Girard, Luc; Liu, Xiao-yun; Behrens, Carmen; Rodriguez-Canales, Jaime; Liu, Hui; Wistuba, Ignacio I; Richardson, James A; Minna, John D; Tedder, Thomas F; Vitetta, Ellen S

2014-01-01

CD22 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by mature B cells. It inhibits signal transduction by the B-cell receptor and its coreceptor CD19. Recent reports indicate that most human lung cancer cells and cell lines express CD22, making it an important new therapeutic target for lung cancer. The objective of our studies was to independently validate these results with the goal of testing the efficacy of our CD22 immunotoxins on lung cancer cell lines. As determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we found that levels of CD22 mRNA in a panel of human lung cancer cell lines were 200 to 60,000-fold lower than those observed in the human CD22(+) Burkitt lymphoma cells, Daudi. Using flow cytometry with a panel of CD22 monoclonal antibodies and Western blot analyses, we could not detect surface or intracellular expression of CD22 protein in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. In addition, the in vitro proliferation of the lung tumor cell lines was not affected by either CD22 antibodies or our highly potent anti-CD22 immunotoxin. In contrast, CD22(+) Daudi cells expressed high levels of CD22 mRNA and protein, and were sensitive to our CD22 immunotoxin. Importantly, primary non-small cell lung cancers from more than 250 patient specimens did not express detectable levels of CD22 protein as assessed by immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CD22 is not expressed at measurable levels on the surface of lung cancer cells, and that these cells cannot be killed by anti-CD22 immunotoxins.

Impinging jet separators for liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic power cycles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bogdanoff, D. W.

1973-01-01

In many liquid metal MHD power, cycles, it is necessary to separate the phases of a high-speed liquid-gas flow. The usual method is to impinge the jet at a glancing angle against a solid surface. These surface separators achieve good separation of the two phases at a cost of a large velocity loss due to friction at the separator surface. This report deals with attempts to greatly reduce the friction loss by impinging two jets against each other. In the crude impinging jet separators tested to date, friction losses were greatly reduced, but the separation of the two phases was found to be much poorer than that achievable with surface separators. Analyses are presented which show many lines of attack (mainly changes in separator geometry) which should yield much better separation for impinging jet separators).

See around the corner using active imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steinvall, Ove; Elmqvist, Magnus; Larsson, Håkan

2011-11-01

This paper investigates the prospects of "seeing around the corner" using active imaging. A monostatic active imaging system offers interesting capabilities in the presence of glossy reflecting objects. Examples of such surfaces are windows in buildings and cars, calm water, signs and vehicle surfaces. During daylight it might well be possible to use mirrorlike reflection by the naked eye or a CCD camera for non-line of sight imaging. However the advantage with active imaging is that one controls the illumination. This will not only allow for low light and night utilization but also for use in cases where the sun or other interfering lights limit the non-line of sight imaging possibility. The range resolution obtained by time gating will reduce disturbing direct reflections and allow simultaneous view in several directions using range discrimination. Measurements and theoretical considerations in this report support the idea of using laser to "see around the corner". Examples of images and reflectivity measurements will be presented together with examples of potential system applications.

Microfluidic setup for on-line SERS monitoring using laser induced nanoparticle spots as SERS active substrate.

PubMed

Buja, Oana-M; Gordan, Ovidiu D; Leopold, Nicolae; Morschhauser, Andreas; Nestler, Jörg; Zahn, Dietrich R T

2017-01-01

A microfluidic setup which enables on-line monitoring of residues of malachite green (MG) using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is reported. The SERS active substrate was prepared via laser induced synthesis of silver or gold nanoparticles spot on the bottom of a 200 μm inner dimension glass capillary, by focusing the laser beam during a continuous flow of a mixture of silver nitrate or gold chloride and sodium citrate. The described microfluidic setup enables within a few minutes the monitoring of several processes: the synthesis of the SERS active spot, MG adsorption to the metal surface, detection of the analyte when saturation of the SERS signal is reached, and finally, the desorption of MG from the spot. Moreover, after MG complete desorption, the regeneration of the SERS active spot was achieved. The detection of MG was possible down to 10 -7 M concentration with a good reproducibility when using silver or gold spots as SERS substrate.

Fucosylation and protein glycosylation create functional receptors for cholera toxin

PubMed Central

Wands, Amberlyn M; Fujita, Akiko; McCombs, Janet E; Cervin, Jakob; Dedic, Benjamin; Rodriguez, Andrea C; Nischan, Nicole; Bond, Michelle R; Mettlen, Marcel; Trudgian, David C; Lemoff, Andrew; Quiding-Järbrink, Marianne; Gustavsson, Bengt; Steentoft, Catharina; Clausen, Henrik; Mirzaei, Hamid; Teneberg, Susann; Yrlid, Ulf; Kohler, Jennifer J

2015-01-01

Cholera toxin (CT) enters and intoxicates host cells after binding cell surface receptors using its B subunit (CTB). The ganglioside (glycolipid) GM1 is thought to be the sole CT receptor; however, the mechanism by which CTB binding to GM1 mediates internalization of CT remains enigmatic. Here we report that CTB binds cell surface glycoproteins. Relative contributions of gangliosides and glycoproteins to CTB binding depend on cell type, and CTB binds primarily to glycoproteins in colonic epithelial cell lines. Using a metabolically incorporated photocrosslinking sugar, we identified one CTB-binding glycoprotein and demonstrated that the glycan portion of the molecule, not the protein, provides the CTB interaction motif. We further show that fucosylated structures promote CTB entry into a colonic epithelial cell line and subsequent host cell intoxication. CTB-binding fucosylated glycoproteins are present in normal human intestinal epithelia and could play a role in cholera. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09545.001 PMID:26512888

Surfactant-Enhanced Benard Convection on an Evaporating Drop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Van X.; Stebe, Kathleen J.

2001-11-01

Surfactant effects on an evaporating drop are studied experimentally. Using a fluorescent probe, the distribution and surface phase of the surfactant is directly imaged throughout the evaporation process. From these experiments, we identify conditions in which surfactants promote surface tension-driven Benard instabilities in aqueous systems. The drops under study contain finely divided particles, which act as tracers in the flow, and form well-defined patterns after the drop evaporates. Two flow fields have been reported in this system. The first occurs because the contact line becomes pinned by solid particles at the contact line region. In order for the contact line to remain fixed, an outward flow toward the ring results, driving further accumulation at the contact ring. A ‘coffee ring’ of particles is left as residue after the drop evaporates[1]. The second flow is Benard convection, driven by surface tension gradients on the drop[2,3]. In our experiments, an insoluble monolayer of pentadecanoic acid is spread at the interface of a pendant drop. The surface tension is recorded, and the drop is deposited on a well-defined solid substrate. Fluorescent images of the surface phase of the surfactant are recorded as the drop evaporates. The surfactant monolayer assumes a variety of surface states as a function of the area per molecule at the interface: surface gaseous, surface liquid expanded, and surface liquid condensed phases[4]. Depending upon the surface state of the surfactant as the drop evaporates, transitions of residue patterns left by the particles occur, from the coffee ring pattern to Benard cells to irregular patterns, suggesting a strong resistance to outward flow are observed. The occurrence of Benard cells on a surfactant-rich interface occurs when the interface is in LE-LC coexistence. Prior research concerning surfactant effects on this instability predict that surfactants are strongly stabilizing[5]. The mechanisms for this change in behavior are discussed. References: [1]R. D. Deegan,, PRE 61,475 (2000). [2]M. Maillard et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 11871 (2000). [3]H. Wang et al. Langmuir 15, 957 (2001). [4]B. G. Moore et al., J. Phys. Chem. 94, 4588 (1990). [5]J. C. Berg & A. Acrivos, Chem. Eng. Sci. 20,737 (1965).

30 CFR 77.807-3 - Movement of equipment; minimum distance from high-voltage lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... high-voltage lines. 77.807-3 Section 77.807-3 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.807-3 Movement of equipment; minimum distance from high-voltage lines. When any part of any equipment operated on the surface of any...

30 CFR 77.807-2 - Booms and masts; minimum distance from high-voltage lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-voltage lines. 77.807-2 Section 77.807-2 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... WORK AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Surface High-Voltage Distribution § 77.807-2 Booms and masts; minimum distance from high-voltage lines. The booms and masts of equipment operated on the surface of any...

Destruction of Invariant Surfaces and Magnetic Coordinates for Perturbed Magnetic Fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

S.R. Hudson

2003-11-20

Straight-field-line coordinates are constructed for nearly integrable magnetic fields. The coordinates are based on the robust, noble-irrational rotational-transform surfaces, whose existence is determined by an application of Greene's residue criterion. A simple method to locate these surfaces is described. Sequences of surfaces with rotational-transform converging to low order rationals maximize the region of straight-field-line coordinates.

First Detection of a Strong Magnetic Field on a Bursty Brown Dwarf: Puzzle Solved

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berdyugina, S. V.; Harrington, D. M.; Kuzmychov, O.; Kuhn, J. R.; Hallinan, G.; Kowalski, A. F.; Hawley, S. L.

2017-09-01

We report the first direct detection of a strong, 5 kG magnetic field on the surface of an active brown dwarf. LSR J1835+3259 is an M8.5 dwarf exhibiting transient radio and optical emission bursts modulated by fast rotation. We have detected the surface magnetic field as circularly polarized signatures in the 819 nm sodium lines when an active emission region faced the Earth. Modeling Stokes profiles of these lines reveals the effective temperature of 2800 K and log gravity acceleration of 4.5. These parameters place LSR J1835+3259 on evolutionary tracks as a young brown dwarf with the mass of 55+/- 4{M}{{J}} and age of 22 ± 4 Myr. Its magnetic field is at least 5.1 kG and covers at least 11% of the visible hemisphere. The active region topology recovered using line profile inversions comprises hot plasma loops with a vertical stratification of optical and radio emission sources. These loops rotate with the dwarf in and out of view causing periodic emission bursts. The magnetic field is detected at the base of the loops. This is the first time that we can quantitatively associate brown dwarf non-thermal bursts with a strong, 5 kG surface magnetic field and solve the puzzle of their driving mechanism. This is also the coolest known dwarf with such a strong surface magnetic field. The young age of LSR J1835+3259 implies that it may still maintain a disk, which may facilitate bursts via magnetospheric accretion, like in higher-mass T Tau-type stars. Our results pave a path toward magnetic studies of brown dwarfs and hot Jupiters.

Meandered-line antenna with integrated high-impedance surface.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Forman, Michael A.

2010-09-01

A reduced-volume antenna composed of a meandered-line dipole antenna over a finite-width, high-impedance surface is presented. The structure is novel in that the high-impedance surface is implemented with four Sievenpiper via-mushroom unit cells, whose area is optimized to match the meandered-line dipole antenna. The result is an antenna similar in performance to patch antenna but one fourth the area that can be deployed directly on the surface of a conductor. Simulations demonstrate a 3.5 cm ({lambda}/4) square antenna with a bandwidth of 4% and a gain of 4.8 dBi at 2.5 GHz.

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1997-01-01

The most convenient way to identify points on the curved surface of the Earth is with a system of reference lines called parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. On some maps the meridians and parallels appear as straight lines. On most modern maps, however, the meridians and parallels may appear as curved lines. These differences are due to the mathematical treatment required to portray a curved surface on a flat surface so that important properties of the map (such as distance and areal accuracy) are shown with minimum distortion. The system used to portray a portion of the round Earth on a flat surface is called a map projection.

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1999-01-01

The most convenient way to identify points on the curved surface of the Earth is with a system of reference lines called parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. On some maps, the meridians and parallels appear as straight lines. On most modern maps, however, the meridians and parallels appear as curved lines. These differences sre due to the mathematical treatment required to portray a curved surface on a flat surface so that important properties of the map (such as distance and areal accuracy) are shown with minimum distortion. The system used to portray a portion of the round Earth on a flat surface is called a map projection.

Manipulating mammalian cell morphologies using chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuit chips

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moussa, Hassan I.; Logan, Megan; Siow, Geoffrey C.; Phann, Darron L.; Rao, Zheng; Aucoin, Marc G.; Tsui, Ting Y.

2017-12-01

Tungsten chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuits were used to study the alignment and immobilization of mammalian (Vero) cells. These devices consist of blanket silicon oxide thin films embedded with micro- and nano-meter scale tungsten metal line structures on the surface. The final surfaces are extremely flat and smooth across the entire substrate, with a roughness in the order of nanometers. Vero cells were deposited on the surface and allowed to adhere. Microscopy examinations revealed that cells have a strong preference to adhere to tungsten over silicon oxide surfaces with up to 99% of cells adhering to the tungsten portion of the surface. Cells self-aligned and elongated into long threads to maximize contact with isolated tungsten lines as thin as 180 nm. The orientation of the Vero cells showed sensitivity to the tungsten line geometric parameters, such as line width and spacing. Up to 93% of cells on 10 μm wide comb structures were aligned within ± 20° of the metal line axis. In contrast, only 22% of cells incubated on 0.18 μm comb patterned tungsten lines were oriented within the same angular interval. This phenomenon is explained using a simple model describing cellular geometry as a function of pattern width and spacing, which showed that cells will rearrange their morphology to maximize their contact to the embedded tungsten. Finally, it was discovered that the materials could be reused after cleaning the surfaces, while maintaining cell alignment capability.

Manipulating mammalian cell morphologies using chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuit chips.

PubMed

Moussa, Hassan I; Logan, Megan; Siow, Geoffrey C; Phann, Darron L; Rao, Zheng; Aucoin, Marc G; Tsui, Ting Y

2017-01-01

Tungsten chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuits were used to study the alignment and immobilization of mammalian (Vero) cells. These devices consist of blanket silicon oxide thin films embedded with micro- and nano-meter scale tungsten metal line structures on the surface. The final surfaces are extremely flat and smooth across the entire substrate, with a roughness in the order of nanometers. Vero cells were deposited on the surface and allowed to adhere. Microscopy examinations revealed that cells have a strong preference to adhere to tungsten over silicon oxide surfaces with up to 99% of cells adhering to the tungsten portion of the surface. Cells self-aligned and elongated into long threads to maximize contact with isolated tungsten lines as thin as 180 nm. The orientation of the Vero cells showed sensitivity to the tungsten line geometric parameters, such as line width and spacing. Up to 93% of cells on 10 μm wide comb structures were aligned within ± 20° of the metal line axis. In contrast, only ~22% of cells incubated on 0.18 μm comb patterned tungsten lines were oriented within the same angular interval. This phenomenon is explained using a simple model describing cellular geometry as a function of pattern width and spacing, which showed that cells will rearrange their morphology to maximize their contact to the embedded tungsten. Finally, it was discovered that the materials could be reused after cleaning the surfaces, while maintaining cell alignment capability.

Manipulating mammalian cell morphologies using chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuit chips

PubMed Central

Moussa, Hassan I.; Logan, Megan; Siow, Geoffrey C.; Phann, Darron L.; Rao, Zheng; Aucoin, Marc G.; Tsui, Ting Y.

2017-01-01

Abstract Tungsten chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuits were used to study the alignment and immobilization of mammalian (Vero) cells. These devices consist of blanket silicon oxide thin films embedded with micro- and nano-meter scale tungsten metal line structures on the surface. The final surfaces are extremely flat and smooth across the entire substrate, with a roughness in the order of nanometers. Vero cells were deposited on the surface and allowed to adhere. Microscopy examinations revealed that cells have a strong preference to adhere to tungsten over silicon oxide surfaces with up to 99% of cells adhering to the tungsten portion of the surface. Cells self-aligned and elongated into long threads to maximize contact with isolated tungsten lines as thin as 180 nm. The orientation of the Vero cells showed sensitivity to the tungsten line geometric parameters, such as line width and spacing. Up to 93% of cells on 10 μm wide comb structures were aligned within ± 20° of the metal line axis. In contrast, only ~22% of cells incubated on 0.18 μm comb patterned tungsten lines were oriented within the same angular interval. This phenomenon is explained using a simple model describing cellular geometry as a function of pattern width and spacing, which showed that cells will rearrange their morphology to maximize their contact to the embedded tungsten. Finally, it was discovered that the materials could be reused after cleaning the surfaces, while maintaining cell alignment capability. PMID:29152017

In situ diagnosis of pulsed UV laser surface ablation of tungsten carbide hardmetal by using laser-induced optical emission spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Tiejun; Lou, Qihong; Wei, Yunrong; Huang, Feng; Dong, Jingxing; Liu, Jingru

2001-12-01

Surface ablation of cobalt cemented tungsten carbide hardmetal with pulsed UV laser has been in situ diagnosed by using the technique of laser-induced optical emission spectroscopy. The dependence of emission intensity of cobalt lines on number of laser shots was investigated at laser fluence of 2.5 J/cm 2. As a comparison, the reliance of emission intensity of cobalt lines as a function of laser pulse number by using pure cobalt as ablation sample was also studied at the same laser condition. It was found that for surface ablation of tungsten carbide hardmetal at laser fluence of 2.5 J/cm 2, the intensities of cobalt lines fell off dramatically in the first 300 consecutive laser shots and then slowed down to a low stable level with even more shots. For surface ablation of pure cobalt at the same laser condition, the intensities of cobalt lines remained constant more or less even after 500 laser shots and then reduced very slowly with even more shots. It was concluded that selective evaporation of cobalt at this laser fluence should be responsible for the dramatic fall-off of cobalt lines with laser shots accumulation for surface ablation of tungsten carbide hardmetal. In contrast, for surface ablation of pure cobalt, the slow reduction of cobalt lines with pulse number accumulation should be due to the formation of laser-induced crater effect.

Effect of large deformation and surface stiffening on the transmission of a line load on a neo-Hookean half space.

PubMed

Wu, Haibin; Liu, Zezhou; Jagota, Anand; Hui, Chung-Yuen

2018-03-07

A line force acting on a soft elastic solid, say due to the surface tension of a liquid drop, can cause significant deformation and the formation of a kink close to the point of force application. Analysis based on linearized elasticity theory shows that sufficiently close to its point of application, the force is borne entirely by the surface stress, not by the elasticity of the substrate; this local balance of three forces is called Neumann's triangle. However, it is not difficult to imagine realistic properties for which this force balance cannot be satisfied. For example, if the line force corresponds to surface tension of water, the numerical values of (unstretched) solid-vapor and solid-liquid surface stresses can easily be such that their sum is insufficient to balance the applied force. In such cases conventional (or naïve) Neumann's triangle of surface forces must break down. Here we study how force balance is rescued from the breakdown of naïve Neumann's triangle by a combination of (a) large hyperelastic deformations of the underlying bulk solid, and (b) increase in surface stress due to surface elasticity (surface stiffening). For a surface with constant surface stress (no surface stiffening), we show that the linearized theory remains accurate if the applied force is less than about 1.3 times the solid surface stress. For a surface in which the surface stress increases linearly with the surface stretch, we find that the Neumann's triangle construction works well as long as we replace the constant surface stress in the naïve Neumann triangle by the actual surface stress underneath the line load.

USAF Summer Faculty Research Program. 1981 Research Reports. Volume I.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

Kent, OH 44242 (216) 672-2816 Dr. Martin D. Altschuler Degree: PhD, Physics and Astronomy, 1964 Associate Professor Specialty: Robot Vision, Surface...line inspection and control, computer- aided manufacturing, robot vision, mapping of machine parts and castings, etc. The technique we developed...posture, reduced healing time and bacteria level, and improved capacity for work endurance and efficiency. 1 ,2𔃽 Federal agencies, such as the FDA and

Construction of 3D Metallic Nanostructures on an Arbitrarily Shaped Substrate.

PubMed

Chen, Fei; Li, Jingning; Yu, Fangfang; Zhao, Di; Wang, Fan; Chen, Yanbin; Peng, Ru-Wen; Wang, Mu

2016-09-01

Constructing conductive/magnetic nanowire arrays with 3D features by electrodeposition remains challenging. An unprecedented fabrication approach that allows to construct metallic (cobalt) nanowires on an arbitrarily shaped surface is reported. The spatial separation of nanowires varies from 70 to 3000 nm and the line width changes from 50 to 250 nm depending on growth conditions. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Engineering report single-shell tank farms interim measures to limit infiltration through the vadose zone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

HAASS, C.C.

1999-10-14

Identifies, evaluates and recommends interim measures for reducing or eliminating water sources and preferential pathways within the vadose zone of the single-shell tank farms. Features studied: surface water infiltration and leaking water lines that provide recharge moisture, and wells that could provide pathways for contaminant migration. An extensive data base, maps, recommended mitigations, and rough order of magnitude costs are included.

Failure Surfaces for the Design of Ceramic-Lined Gun Tubes

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-01

density than steel making them attractive candidates as gun tube liners . A new design approach is necessary to address the large variability in strength...systems. Having established the failure criterion for the ceramic liner as the Weibull probability of failure, the need for a suitable failure...Report AMMRC SP-82-1, Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, Massachusetts, 1982. 7 R. Katz, Ceramic Gun Barrel Liners : Retrospect and Prospect

Effect of surface roughness on contact line dynamics of a thin droplet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharjee, Debanik; Soltannia, Babak; Nazaripoor, Hadi; Sadrzadeh, Mohtada

2017-11-01

Any surface possesses inherent roughness. Droplet spreading on a surface is an example of a contact line problem. The tri-phase contact line is prone to stress singularity which can be relieved by using precursor film assumption and disjoining pressure. In this study, an axisymmetric, incompressible, Newtonian droplet spreading on a surface was investigated. An evolution equation which tracks the droplet height over time was obtained considering the lubrication approximation. The nonlinear PDE of evolution equation was solved using finite difference scheme. A simplified Gaussian model was used as a starting point to assess the role of roughness in the dynamics of contact line. The preliminary results revealed that, for both impermeable and permeable surfaces, the apparent contact angle increased in the presence of defects whereas the equilibrium stage remained unaffected. The apparent contact angle, however, was more strongly dependent on the nature and density of defects for impermeable surfaces due to the longer droplet lifetime. Furthermore, random self-affine and non-Gaussian models are employed. The mathematical model results are finally compared with theoretical models like the Cassie-Baxter, Wenzel, and Penetration modes. NSERC.

Intelligent Patching of Conceptual Geometry for CFD Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Wu

2010-01-01

The iPatch computer code for intelligently patching surface grids was developed to convert conceptual geometry to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) geometry (see figure). It automatically uses bicubic B-splines to extrapolate (if necessary) each surface in a conceptual geometry so that all the independently defined geometric components (such as wing and fuselage) can be intersected to form a watertight CFD geometry. The software also computes the intersection curves of surface patches at any resolution (up to 10.4 accuracy) specified by the user, and it writes the B-spline surface patches, and the corresponding boundary points, for the watertight CFD geometry in the format that can be directly used by the grid generation tool VGRID. iPatch requires that input geometry be in PLOT3D format where each component surface is defined by a rectangular grid {(x(i,j), y(i,j), z(i,j)):1less than or equal to i less than or equal to m, 1 less than or equal to j less than or equal to n} that represents a smooth B-spline surface. All surfaces in the PLOT3D file conceptually represent a watertight geometry of components of an aircraft on the half-space y greater than or equal to 0. Overlapping surfaces are not allowed, but could be fixed by a utility code "fixp3d". The fixp3d utility code first finds the two grid lines on the two surface grids that are closest to each other in Hausdorff distance (a metric to measure the discrepancies of two sets); then uses one of the grid lines as the transition line, extending grid lines on one grid to the other grid to form a merged grid. Any two connecting surfaces shall have a "visually" common boundary curve, or can be described by an intersection relationship defined in a geometry specification file. The intersection of two surfaces can be at a conceptual level. However, the intersection is directional (along either i or j index direction), and each intersecting grid line (or its spine extrapolation) on the first surface should intersect the second surface. No two intersection relationships will result in a common intersection point of three surfaces. The output files of iPatch are IGES, d3m, and mapbc files that define the CFD geometry in VGRID format. The IGES file gives the NURBS definition of the outer mold line in the geometry. The d3m file defines how the outer mold line is broken into surface patches whose boundary curves are defined by points. The mapbc file specifies what the boundary condition is on each patch and the corresponding NURBS surface definition of each non-planar patch in the IGES file.

Directional motion of impacting drops on dual-textured surfaces.

PubMed

Vaikuntanathan, V; Sivakumar, D

2012-09-01

In this work, we analyze the directional movement of impacting liquid drops on dual-textured solid surfaces comprising two different surface morphologies: a textured surface and a smooth surface. The dynamics of liquid drops impacting onto the junction line between the two parts of the dual-textured surfaces is studied experimentally for varying drop impact velocity. The dual-textured surfaces used here featured a variation in their textures' geometrical parameters as well as their surface chemistry. Two types of liquid drop differing in their surface tension were used. The impact process develops a net horizontal drop velocity towards the higher-wettability surface portion and results in a bulk movement of the impacting drop liquid. The final distance moved by the impacting drop from the junction line decreases with increasing impacting drop Weber number We. A fully theoretical model, employing a balance of forces acting at the drop contact line as well as energy conservation, is formulated to determine the variation, with We, of net horizontal drop velocity and subsequent movement of the impacting drop on the dual-textured surfaces.

X-ray fractography on fatigue fractured surface of austenitic stainless steel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yajima, Zenjiro; Tokuyama, Hideki; Kibayashi, Yasuo

1995-12-31

X-ray diffraction observation of the material internal structure beneath fracture surfaces provide fracture analysis with useful information to investigate the conditions and mechanisms of fracture. X-ray fractography is a generic name given to this technique. In the present study, X-ray fractography was applied to fatigue fracture surfaces of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) which consisted of solution treatment. The fatigue tests were carried out on compact tension (CT) specimens. The plastic strain on the fracture surface was estimated from measuring the line broadening of X-ray diffraction profiles. The line broadening of X-ray diffraction profiles was measured on and beneath fatiguemore » fracture surfaces. The depth of the plastic zone left on fracture surfaces was evaluated from the line broadening. The results are discussed on the basis of fracture mechanics.« less

An investigation into a micro-sized droplet impinging on a surface with sharp wettability contrast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lim, C. Y.; Lam, Y. C.

2014-10-01

An experimental investigation was conducted into a micro-sized droplet jetted onto a surface with sharp wettability contrast. The dynamics of micro-sized droplet impingement on a sharp wettability contrast surface, which is critical in inkjet printing technology, has not been investigated in the literature. Hydrophilic lines with line widths ranging from 27 to 53 µm, and contact angle ranging from 17° to 77°, were patterned on a hydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 107°. Water droplets with a diameter of 81 µm were impinged at various offset distances from the centre of the hydrophilic line. The evolution of the droplet upon impingement can be divided into three distinct phases, namely the kinematic phase, the translating phase where the droplet moves towards the centre of the hydrophilic line, and the conforming phase where the droplet spreads along the line. The key parameters affecting the conformability of the droplet to the hydrophilic line pattern are the ratio of the line width to the initial droplet diameter and the contact angle of the hydrophilic line. The droplet will only conform completely to the hydrophilic pattern if the line width is not overly small relative to the droplet and the contact angle of the hydrophilic line is sufficiently low. The impact offset distance does not affect the final shape and final location of the droplet, as long as part of the droplet touches the hydrophilic line upon impingement. This process has a significant impact on inkjet printing technology as high accuracy of inkjet droplet deposition and shape control can be achieved through wettability patterning.

Structural Investigation of the (010) Surface of the Al13Fe4 Catalyst

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ledieu, J.; Gaudry, É.; Loli, L. N. Serkovic; Villaseca, S. Alarcón; de Weerd, M.-C.; Hahne, M.; Gille, P.; Grin, Y.; Dubois, J.-M.; Fournée, V.

2013-02-01

We have investigated the structure of the Al13Fe4(010) surface using both experimental and ab initio computational methods. The results indicate that the topmost surface layers correspond to incomplete puckered (P) planes present in the bulk crystal structure. The main building block of the corrugated termination consists of two adjacent pentagons of Al atoms, each centered by a protruding Fe atom. These motifs are interconnected via additional Al atoms referred to as “glue” atoms which partially desorb above 873 K. The surface structure of lower atomic density compared to the bulk P plane is explained by a strong Fe-Al-Fe covalent polar interaction that preserves intact clusters at the surface. The proposed surface model with identified Fe-containing atomic ensembles could explain the Al13Fe4 catalytic properties recently reported in line with the site-isolation concept [M. Armbrüster , Nat. Mater. 11, 690 (2012)NMAACR1476-1122].

Momentum microscopy of ? single crystals with detailed surface characterisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellguth, M.; Tusche, C.; Iga, F.; Suga, S.

2016-11-01

We report the in situ preparation of surfaces of the proposed topological Kondo insulator SmB? by controlled cycles of Ar ion sputtering and annealing. The procedure provides a reproducible way for the preparation of Sm- or B-rich surface terminations by low (?1080 ?C) or high (?1200 ?C) temperature annealing. The surface quality and termination were checked by low energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy. Photoemission studies were carried out using momentum microscopy and two laboratory light sources providing polarised radiation with an energy of 6 eV (fourth harmonic of a pulsed Ti:Sapphire laser) and unpolarised radiation with an energy of 21.2 eV (He-I line of a gas discharge lamp). Full dispersions of electronic states in a wide two-dimensional momentum space were obtained by momentum microscopy from the in situ prepared Sm-terminated surface. The shape of the Fermi surface is discussed based on the sections through the bulk Brillouin zone sampled by the different photon energies.

Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of class I major histocompatibility complex genes following transformation with human adenoviruses.

PubMed Central

Shemesh, J; Rotem-Yehudar, R; Ehrlich, R

1991-01-01

Transformation of rodent cells by human adenoviruses is a well-established model system for studying the expression, regulation, and function of class I antigens. In this report, we demonstrate that the highly oncogenic adenovirus type 12 operates at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels in regulating the activity of major histocompatibility complex class I genes and products in transformed cells. Adenovirus type 12 suppresses the cell surface expression of class I antigens in most cell lines. Nevertheless, in a number of cell lines suppression is the result of reduction in the amount of stable specific mRNA, while in another group of cell lines suppression involves interference with processing of a posttranscriptional product. The two mechanisms operate both for the endogenous H-2 genes and for a miniature swine class I transgene that is expressed in the cells. Images PMID:1895404

MAST Propellant and Delivery System Design Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nadeem, Uzair; Mc Cleskey, Carey M.

2015-01-01

A Mars Aerospace Taxi (MAST) concept and propellant storage and delivery case study is undergoing investigation by NASA's Element Design and Architectural Impact (EDAI) design and analysis forum. The MAST lander concept envisions landing with its ascent propellant storage tanks empty and supplying these reusable Mars landers with propellant that is generated and transferred while on the Mars surface. The report provides an overview of the data derived from modeling between different methods of propellant line routing (or "lining") and differentiate the resulting design and operations complexity of fluid and gaseous paths based on a given set of fluid sources and destinations. The EDAI team desires a rough-order-magnitude algorithm for estimating the lining characteristics (i.e., the plumbing mass and complexity) associated different numbers of vehicle propellant sources and destinations. This paper explored the feasibility of preparing a mathematically sound algorithm for this purpose, and offers a method for the EDAI team to implement.

Differential absorption lidar measurements of atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Korb, C. L.

1981-01-01

The theory and methodology of using differential absorption lidar techniques for the remote measurement of atmospheric pressure profiles, surface pressure, and temperature profiles from ground, air, and space-based platforms are presented. Pressure measurements are effected by means of high resolution measurement of absorption at the edges of the oxygen A band lines where absorption is pressure dependent due to collisional line broadening. Temperature is assessed using measurements of the absorption at the center of the oxygen A band line originating from a quantum state with high ground state energy. The population of the state is temperature dependent, allowing determination of the temperature through the Boltzmann term. The results of simulations of the techniques using Voigt profile and variational analysis are reported for ground-based, airborne, and Shuttle-based systems. Accuracies in the 0.5-1.0 K and 0.1-0.3% range are projected.

Plasma Equilibrium in a Magnetic Field with Stochastic Field-Line Trajectories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krommes, J. A.; Reiman, A. H.

2008-11-01

The nature of plasma equilibrium in a magnetic field with stochastic field lines is examined, expanding upon the ideas first described by Reiman et al. The magnetic partial differential equation (PDE) that determines the equilibrium Pfirsch-Schlüter currents is treated as a passive stochastic PDE for μj/B. Renormalization leads to a stochastic Langevin equation for μ in which the resonances at the rational surfaces are broadened by the stochastic diffusion of the field lines; even weak radial diffusion can significantly affect the equilibrium, which need not be flattened in the stochastic region. Particular attention is paid to satisfying the periodicity constraints in toroidal configurations with sheared magnetic fields. A numerical scheme that couples the renormalized Langevin equation to Ampere's law is described. A. Reiman et al, Nucl. Fusion 47, 572--8 (2007). J. A. Krommes, Phys. Reports 360, 1--351.

Molecular cloning and chromosomal mapping of bone marrow stromal cell surface gene, BST2, that may be involved in pre-B-cell growth

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ishikawa, Jun; Kaisho, Tsuneyasu; Tomizawa, Hitoshi

1995-04-10

Bone marrow stromal cells regulate B-cell growth and development through their surface molecules and cytokines. In this study, we generated a mAb, RS38, that recognized a novel human membrane protein, BST-2, expressed on bone marrow stromal cell lines and synovial cell lines. We cloned a cDNA encoding BST-2 from a rheumatoid arthritis-derived synovial cell line. BST-2 is a 30- to 36-kDa type II transmembrane protein, consisting of 180 amino acids. The BST-2 gene (HGMW-approved symbol BST2) is located on chromosome 19p13.2. BST-2 is expressed not only on certain bone marrow stromal cell lines but also on various normal tissues, althoughmore » its expression pattern is different from that of another bone marrow stromal cell surface molecule, BST-1. BST-2 surface expression on fibroblast cell lines facilitated the stromal cell-dependent growth of a murine bone marrow-derived pre-B-cell line, DW34. The results suggest that BST-2 may be involved in pre-B-cell growth. 45 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.« less

Fine lattice lines on the corneal surface after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

PubMed

Carpel, E F; Carlson, K H; Shannon, S

2000-03-01

To present an example of a pattern of lines resembling fine lattice on the corneal surface subsequent to laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). This subtle phenomenon may be relatively common and may affect visual outcome. Case report. A 41-year-old year old man with high myopia and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 +2 in each eye underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). No operative or postoperative complications occurred. No striae were evident on slit-lamp examination with direct illumination and retroillumination at the time of surgery or in the postoperative period. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 with a best-corrected spectacle correction of 20/25 in both eyes. Fine lines in a lattice pattern were seen only with fluorescein dye in the precorneal tear film as areas of "negative stain" within the LASIK flap. With tear film supplementation, the lines were less evident and visual acuity improved. One year postoperatively, his uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 in both eyes. The best-corrected spectacle visual acuity was RE: 20/20 -2, LE: 20/25. The fine lines were still present within the flap. A soft contact lens improved visual acuity to 20/20 in both eyes. Although all four puncta were occluded, he had no epiphora. Fine lines in a lattice pattern that may represent folds in the epithelium or Bowman layer may be present within the flap after LASIK and may adversely affect visual acuity. They may be visible as areas of negative stain with fluorescein dye in the precorneal tear film in the absence of any striae visible in the flap. These superficial lines have been seen more in patients with high degrees of correction and in patients with dry eye. If visual acuity is affected, it may be improved with punctal occlusion, tear supplements, or a contact lens.

Online aptitude automatic surface quality inspection system for hot rolled strips steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Jin; Xie, Zhi-jiang; Wang, Xue; Sun, Nan-Nan

2005-12-01

Defects on the surface of hot rolled steel strips are main factors to evaluate quality of steel strips, an improved image recognition algorithm are used to extract the feature of Defects on the surface of steel strips. Base on the Machine vision and Artificial Neural Networks, establish a defect recognition method to select defect on the surface of steel strips. Base on these research. A surface inspection system and advanced algorithms for image processing to hot rolled strips is developed. Preparing two different fashion to lighting, adopting line blast vidicon of CCD on the surface steel strips on-line. Opening up capacity-diagnose-system with level the surface of steel strips on line, toward the above and undersurface of steel strips with ferric oxide, injure, stamp etc of defects on the surface to analyze and estimate. Miscarriage of justice and alternate of justice rate not preponderate over 5%.Geting hold of applications on some big enterprises of steel at home. Experiment proved that this measure is feasible and effective.

Surface Inspection Machine Infrared (SIMIR). Final CRADA report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Powell, G.L.; Neu, J.T.; Beecroft, M.

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement was a one year effort to make the surface inspection machine based on diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (Surface Inspection Machine-Infrared, SIMIR), being developed by Surface Optics Corporation, perform to its highest potential as a practical, portable surface inspection machine. The design function of the SIMIR is to inspect metal surfaces for cleanliness (stains). The system is also capable of evaluating graphite-resin systems for cure and heat damage, and for measuring the effects of moisture exposure on lithium hydride, corrosion on uranium metal, and the constituents of and contamination on wood, paper, and fabrics. Overmore » the period of the CRADA, extensive experience with the use of the SIMIR for surface cleanliness measurements have been achieved through collaborations with NASA and the Army. The SIMIR was made available to the AMTEX CRADA for Finish on Yarn where it made a very significant contribution. The SIMIR was the foundation of a Forest Products CRADA that was developed over the time interval of this CRADA. Surface Optics Corporation and the SIMIR have been introduced to the chemical spectroscopy on-line analysis market and have made staffing additions and arrangements for international marketing of the SIMIR as an on-line surface inspection device. LMES has been introduced to a wide range of aerospace applications, the research and fabrication skills of Surface Optics Corporation, has gained extensive experience in the areas of surface cleanliness from collaborations with NASA and the Army, and an extensive introduction to the textile and forest products industries. The SIMIR, marketed as the SOC-400, has filled an important new technology need in the DOE-DP Enhanced Surveillance Program with instruments delivered to or on order by LMES, LANL, LLNL, and Pantex, where extensive collaborations are underway to implement and improve this technology.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szulagyi, Judit; Pascucci, Ilaria; Abraham, Peter

Mid-infrared atomic and ionic line ratios measured in spectra of pre-main-sequence stars are sensitive indicators of the hardness of the radiation field impinging on the disk surface. We present a low-resolution Spitzer IRS search for [Ar II] at 6.98 {mu}m, [Ne II] at 12.81 {mu}m, and [Ne III] 15.55 {mu}m lines in 56 transitional disks. These objects, characterized by reduced near-infrared but strong far-infrared excess emission, are ideal targets to set constraints on the stellar radiation field onto the disk, because their spectra are not contaminated by shock emission from jets/outflows or by molecular emission lines. After demonstrating that wemore » can detect [Ne II] lines and recover their fluxes from the low-resolution spectra, here we report the first detections of [Ar II] lines toward protoplanetary disks. We did not detect [Ne III] emission in any of our sources. Our [Ne II]/[Ne III] line flux ratios combined with literature data suggest that a soft-EUV or X-ray spectrum produces these gas lines. Furthermore, the [Ar II]/[Ne II] line flux ratios point to a soft X-ray and/or soft-EUV stellar spectrum as the ionization source of the [Ar II] and [Ne II] emitting layer of the disk. If the soft X-ray component dominates over the EUV, then we would expect larger photoevaporation rates and, hence, a reduction of the time available to form planets.« less

Localizing softness and stress along loops in 3D topological metamaterials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baardink, Guido; Souslov, Anton; Paulose, Jayson; Vitelli, Vincenzo

2018-01-01

Topological states can be used to control the mechanical properties of a material along an edge or around a localized defect. The rigidity of elastic networks is characterized by a topological invariant called the polarization; materials with a well-defined uniform polarization display a dramatic range of edge softness depending on the orientation of the polarization relative to the terminating surface. However, in all 3D mechanical metamaterials proposed to date, the topological modes are mixed with bulk soft modes, which organize themselves in Weyl loops. Here, we report the design of a 3D topological metamaterial without Weyl lines and with a uniform polarization that leads to an asymmetry between the number of soft modes on opposing surfaces. We then use this construction to localize topological soft modes in interior regions of the material by including defect lines—dislocation loops—that are unique to three dimensions. We derive a general formula that relates the difference in the number of soft modes and states of self-stress localized along the dislocation loop to the handedness of the vector triad formed by the lattice polarization, Burgers vector, and dislocation-line direction. Our findings suggest a strategy for preprogramming failure and softness localized along lines in 3D, while avoiding extended soft Weyl modes.

A flexible tactile sensitive sheet using a hetero-core fiber optic sensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujino, S.; Yamazaki, H.; Hosoki, A.; Watanabe, K.

2014-05-01

In this report, we have designed a tactile sensitive sheet based on a hetero-core fiber-optic sensor, which realize an areal sensing by using single sensor potion in one optical fiber line. Recently, flexible and wide-area tactile sensing technology is expected to applied to acquired biological information in living space and robot achieve long-term care services such as welfare and nursing-care and humanoid technology. A hetero-core fiber-optic sensor has several advantages such as thin and flexible transmission line, immunity to EMI. Additionally this sensor is sensitive to moderate bending actions with optical loss changes and is independent of temperature fluctuation. Thus, the hetero-core fiber-optic sensor can be suitable for areal tactile sensing. We measure pressure characteristic of the proposed sensitive sheet by changing the pressure position and pinching characteristic on the surface. The proposed tactile sensitive sheet shows monotonic responses on the whole sensitive sheet surface although different sensitivity by the position is observed at the sensitive sheet surface. Moreover, the tactile sensitive sheet could sufficiently detect the pinching motion. In addition, in order to realize the discrimination between pressure and pinch, we fabricated a doubled-over sensor using a set of tactile sensitive sheets, which has different kinds of silicon robbers as a sensitive sheet surface. In conclusion, the flexible material could be given to the tactile sensation which is attached under proposed sensitive sheet.

Generations of orthogonal surface coordinates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blottner, F. G.; Moreno, J. B.

1980-01-01

Two generation methods were developed for three dimensional flows where the computational domain normal to the surface is small. With this restriction the coordinate system requires orthogonality only at the body surface. The first method uses the orthogonal condition in finite-difference form to determine the surface coordinates with the metric coefficients and curvature of the coordinate lines calculated numerically. The second method obtains analytical expressions for the metric coefficients and for the curvature of the coordinate lines.

"Teaching" an Industrial Robot To Spray

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, A. R.; Sweet, G. K.

1982-01-01

Teaching device, consisting of spacer rod or tube with three-pointed tip and line level, is used during pattern "teach-in" to make sure that robot manipulator holds spray gun perpendicular to surface to be sprayed and at right distance from it. For slanted surfaces angle adapter is added between spacer rod and line-level indicator. Angle is determined by slope of surface to be sprayed, thus allowing a perpendicular spray pattern against even slanted surfaces.

Development of Software to Model AXAF-I Image Quality

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Geary, Joseph; Hawkins, Lamar; Ahmad, Anees; Gong, Qian

1997-01-01

This report describes work conducted on Delivery Order 181 between October 1996 through June 1997. During this period software was written to: compute axial PSD's from RDOS AXAF-I mirror surface maps; plot axial surface errors and compute PSD's from HDOS "Big 8" axial scans; plot PSD's from FITS format PSD files; plot band-limited RMS vs axial and azimuthal position for multiple PSD files; combine and organize PSD's from multiple mirror surface measurements formatted as input to GRAZTRACE; modify GRAZTRACE to read FITS formatted PSD files; evaluate AXAF-I test results; improve and expand the capabilities of the GT x-ray mirror analysis package. During this period work began on a more user-friendly manual for the GT program, and improvements were made to the on-line help manual.

Surface structure determines dynamic wetting.

PubMed

Wang, Jiayu; Do-Quang, Minh; Cannon, James J; Yue, Feng; Suzuki, Yuji; Amberg, Gustav; Shiomi, Junichiro

2015-02-16

Liquid wetting of a surface is omnipresent in nature and the advance of micro-fabrication and assembly techniques in recent years offers increasing ability to control this phenomenon. Here, we identify how surface roughness influences the initial dynamic spreading of a partially wetting droplet by studying the spreading on a solid substrate patterned with microstructures just a few micrometers in size. We reveal that the roughness influence can be quantified in terms of a line friction coefficient for the energy dissipation rate at the contact line, and that this can be described in a simple formula in terms of the geometrical parameters of the roughness and the line-friction coefficient of the planar surface. We further identify a criterion to predict if the spreading will be controlled by this surface roughness or by liquid inertia. Our results point to the possibility of selectively controlling the wetting behavior by engineering the surface structure.

Search for gravitational redshifted absorption lines in LMXB Serpens X-1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoneda, Hiroki; Done, Chris; Paerels, Frits; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Watanabe, Shin

2018-04-01

The equation of state for ultradense matter can be tested from observations of the ratio of mass to radius of neutron stars. This could be measured precisely from the redshift of a narrow line produced on the surface. X-rays bursts have been intensively searched for such features, but so far without detection. Here instead we search for redshifted lines in the persistent emission, where the accretion flow dominates over the surface emission. We discuss the requirements for narrow lines to be produced, and show that narrow absorption lines from highly ionized iron can potentially be observable in accreting low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs; low B field) that have either low spin or low inclination so that Doppler broadening is small. This selects Serpens X-1 as the only potential candidate persistent LMXB due to its low inclination. Including surface models in the broad-band accretion flow model predicts that the absorption line from He-like iron at 6.7 keV should be redshifted to ˜5.1-5.7 keV (10-15 km for 1.4 M⊙) and have an equivalent width of 0.8-8 eV for surface temperatures of 7-10 × 106 K. We use the high-resolution Chandra grating data to give a firm upper limit of 2-3 eV for an absorption line at ˜5 keV. We discuss possible reasons for this lack of detection (the surface temperature and the geometry of the boundary layer etc.). Future instruments with better sensitivity are required in order to explore the existence of such features.

Morphology and digitally aided morphometry of the human paracentral lobule.

PubMed

Spasojević, Goran; Malobabic, Slobodan; Pilipović-Spasojević, Olivera; Djukić-Macut, Nataša; Maliković, Aleksandar

2013-02-01

The human paracentral lobule, the junction of the precentral and postcentral gyri at the medial hemispheric surface, contains several important functional regions, and its variable morphology requires exact morphological and quantitativedata. In order to obtain precise data we investigated the morphology of the paracentral lobule and quantified its visible (extrasulcal) surface. This surface corresponds to commonly used magnetic resonance imaging scout images. We studied 84 hemispheres of adult persons (42 brains; 26 males and 16 females; 20-65 years) fixed in neutral formalin for at least 4 weeks. The medial hemispheric surface was photographed at standard distance and each digital photo was calibrated. Using the intercommissural line system (commissura anterior-commissura posterior or CA-CP line), we performed standardised measurements of the paracentral lobule. Exact determination of its boundaries and morphological types was followed by digital morphometry of its extrasulcal surface using AutoCAD software. We found two distinct morphological types of the human paracentral lobule: continuous type, which was predominant (95.2%), and rare segmented type (4.8%). In hemispheres with segmented cingulate sulcus we also found the short transitional lobulo-limbic gyrus (13.1%). The mean extrasulcal surface of the left paracentral lobule was significantly larger, both in males (left 6.79 cm2 vs. right 5.76 cm2) and in females (left 6.05 cm2 vs. right 5.16 cm2). However, even larger average surfaces in males were not significantly different than the same in females. Reported morphological and quantitative data will be useful during diagnostics and treatment of pathologies affecting the human paracentral lobule, and in further studies of its cytoarchitectonic and functional parcellations.

A parametric finite element method for solid-state dewetting problems with anisotropic surface energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Weizhu; Jiang, Wei; Wang, Yan; Zhao, Quan

2017-02-01

We propose an efficient and accurate parametric finite element method (PFEM) for solving sharp-interface continuum models for solid-state dewetting of thin films with anisotropic surface energies. The governing equations of the sharp-interface models belong to a new type of high-order (4th- or 6th-order) geometric evolution partial differential equations about open curve/surface interface tracking problems which include anisotropic surface diffusion flow and contact line migration. Compared to the traditional methods (e.g., marker-particle methods), the proposed PFEM not only has very good accuracy, but also poses very mild restrictions on the numerical stability, and thus it has significant advantages for solving this type of open curve evolution problems with applications in the simulation of solid-state dewetting. Extensive numerical results are reported to demonstrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the proposed PFEM.

Report of the Working Group on Large-Scale Computing in Aeronautics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

incompressible approximations that are presently made in the lifting line or lifting surface representations of rotor blades. Finally, viscous effects in the forms... Effects of Rotor Model Degradation in the Accuracy of Rotocraft Real-Time Simulation, NASA TN D-8378;1977. 20. Gullen, R. K., Cattell, C. S., and Overton...assistance to member nations for the purpose of increasing their scientific and technical potential; - Recommending effective ways for the member nations

Alternative Practices to Improve Surface Fleet Fuel Efficiency

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

GTGs . These GTGs are used onboard Ticonderoga-class cruisers (from Bennett 2014). Approximately 95-120 GPH less fuel is burned when operating one... GTG vice two. ..........................22 Figure 9. This shows the optimum speed to minimize fuel consumption for USS Chosin (CG 65). The TFP line...FITREP fitness report FY fiscal year GPH gallons per hour GTG gas turbine generator hr hour JP5 jet propulsion fuel, type 5 kts knots kW kilowatt

Flat battery

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Waki, E.; Kobayashi, S.; Hashimoto, Y.

A flat battery is described comprising: an electrically insulative sheathing film including a first film portion and a second film portion on opposite sides of a fold line, the film having an outer surface and an inner surface opposite the outer surface, on both of the first and the second film portions. The fold line divides the inner surface into a first inner surface portion on the first film portion and a second inner surface portion on the second film portion, the film being folded along the fold line so that the first inner surface portion faces the second innermore » surface portion. The first and second film portions are sealed to one another along the entire peripheries thereof except along the fold line, the first film portion having first a first terminal hole and a second terminal hole formed therein; a first collector formed in a plane on the first inner surface portion and having a first terminal portion covering the first terminal hole, the first terminal portion being exposed to the exterior of the battery through the first terminal hole so as to define a first terminal; and a second collector consisting of a first part formed on the first inner surface portion and a second part continuous to the first part formed on the second inner surface portion. The second collector extends across and is folded along the fold line, the second part having a second terminal portion covering the second terminal hole, the second terminal portion being exposed to the exterior of the battery through the second terminal hole so as to define a second terminal. The second part is formed in the plane in spaced non-overlapping relation to the first collector, one of the first and second collectors consisting of a positive collector, the other of the first and second collectors consisting of a negative collector.« less

Evaluation of potential surface rupture and review of current seismic hazards program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1991-12-09

This report summarizes the authors review and evaluation of the existing seismic hazards program at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The report recommends that the original program be augmented with a probabilistic analysis of seismic hazards involving assignment of weighted probabilities of occurrence to all potential sources. This approach yields a more realistic evaluation of the likelihood of large earthquake occurrence particularly in regions where seismic sources may have recurrent intervals of several thousand years or more. The report reviews the locations and geomorphic expressions of identified fault lines along with the known displacements of these faults and last knowmore » occurrence of seismic activity. Faults are mapped and categorized into by their potential for actual movement. Based on geologic site characterization, recommendations are made for increased seismic monitoring; age-dating studies of faults and geomorphic features; increased use of remote sensing and aerial photography for surface mapping of faults; the development of a landslide susceptibility map; and to develop seismic design standards for all existing and proposed facilities at LANL.« less

Influence law of structural characteristics on the surface roughness of a magnetorheological-finished KDP crystal.

PubMed

Chen, Shaoshan; Li, Shengyi; Hu, Hao; Li, Qi; Tie, Guipeng

2014-11-01

A new nonaqueous and abrasive-free magnetorheological finishing (MRF) method is adopted for processing potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal due to its low hardness, high brittleness, temperature sensitivity, and water solubility. This paper researches the influence of structural characteristics on the surface roughness of MRF-finished KDP crystal. The material removal by dissolution is uniform layer by layer when the polishing parameters are stable. The angle between the direction of the polishing wheel's linear velocity and the initial turning lines will affect the surface roughness. If the direction is perpendicular to the initial turning lines, the polishing can remove the lines. If the direction is parallel to the initial turning lines, the polishing can achieve better surface roughness. The structural characteristic of KDP crystal is related to its internal chemical bonds due to its anisotropy. During the MRF finishing process, surface roughness will be improved if the structural characteristics of the KDP crystal are the same on both sides of the wheel. The processing results of (001) plane crystal show we can get the best surface roughness (RMS of 0.809 nm) if the directions of cutting and MRF polishing are along the (110) direction.

Wetting and phase separation in soft adhesion

PubMed Central

Jensen, Katharine E.; Sarfati, Raphael; Style, Robert W.; Boltyanskiy, Rostislav; Chakrabarti, Aditi; Chaudhury, Manoj K.; Dufresne, Eric R.

2015-01-01

In the classic theory of solid adhesion, surface energy drives deformation to increase contact area whereas bulk elasticity opposes it. Recently, solid surface stress has been shown also to play an important role in opposing deformation of soft materials. This suggests that the contact line in soft adhesion should mimic that of a liquid droplet, with a contact angle determined by surface tensions. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observe a contact angle of a soft silicone substrate on rigid silica spheres that depends on the surface functionalization but not the sphere size. However, to satisfy this wetting condition without a divergent elastic stress, the gel phase separates from its solvent near the contact line. This creates a four-phase contact zone with two additional contact lines hidden below the surface of the substrate. Whereas the geometries of these contact lines are independent of the size of the sphere, the volume of the phase-separated region is not, but rather depends on the indentation volume. These results indicate that theories of adhesion of soft gels need to account for both the compressibility of the gel network and a nonzero surface stress between the gel and its solvent. PMID:26553989

A Re-evaluation of CD22 Expression by Human Lung Cancer

PubMed Central

Pop, Laurentiu M.; Barman, Stephen; Shao, Chunli; Poe, Jonathan C.; Venturi, Guglielmo M.; Shelton, John M.; Pop, Iliodora V.; Gerber, David E.; Girard, Luc; Liu, Xiao-yun; Behrens, Carmen; Rodriguez-Canales, Jaime; Liu, Hui; Wistuba, Ignacio I.; Richardson, James A.; Minna, John D.; Tedder, Thomas F.; Vitetta, Ellen S.

2014-01-01

CD22 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by mature B cells. It inhibits signal transduction by the B cell receptor and its co-receptor CD19. Recently it was reported that most human lung cancer cells and cell lines express CD22 making it an important new lung cancer therapeutic target (Can Res 72:5556, 2012). The objective of our studies was to independently validate these results with the goal of testing the efficacy of our CD22 immunotoxins on lung cancer cell lines. As determined by qRT-PCR analysis, we found that levels of CD22 mRNA in a panel of human lung cancer cell lines were 200–60,000- fold lower than those observed in the human CD22+ Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, Daudi. Using flow cytometry with a panel of CD22 monoclonal antibodies and Western blot analyses, we could not detect surface or intracellular expression of CD22 protein in a panel of lung cancer cell lines. In addition, the in vitro proliferation of the lung tumor cell lines was not affected by CD22 antibodies or our highly potent anti-CD22 immunotoxin. By contrast, CD22+ Daudi cells expressed high levels of CD22 mRNA and protein and were sensitive to our CD22 immunotoxin. Importantly, primary non-small cell lung cancers from over 250 patient specimens did not express detectable levels of CD22 protein as assessed by immunohistochemistry. We conclude that CD22 is not expressed at measurable levels on the surface of lung cancer cells and that these cells can not be killed by anti-CD22 immunotoxins. PMID:24395821

The biomechanical ambiguity of the articular surface.

PubMed Central

Kamalanathan, S; Broom, N D

1993-01-01

A series of micromechanical tests carried out on the articular surface of cartilage have provided an accurate description of the mechanical properties of any one site with respect to the orientation framework obtained from its characteristic split-line direction. Ultrastructural studies revealed little evidence that the split-line direction correlated strongly with any preferred alignment of fibrils. This paper therefore offers a new interpretation of the biomechanical significance of the widely used split-line test for the articular surface of cartilage. Images Fig. 9 Fig. 2 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:8300433

Cortical surface registration using spherical thin-plate spline with sulcal lines and mean curvature as features.

PubMed

Park, Hyunjin; Park, Jun-Sung; Seong, Joon-Kyung; Na, Duk L; Lee, Jong-Min

2012-04-30

Analysis of cortical patterns requires accurate cortical surface registration. Many researchers map the cortical surface onto a unit sphere and perform registration of two images defined on the unit sphere. Here we have developed a novel registration framework for the cortical surface based on spherical thin-plate splines. Small-scale composition of spherical thin-plate splines was used as the geometric interpolant to avoid folding in the geometric transform. Using an automatic algorithm based on anisotropic skeletons, we extracted seven sulcal lines, which we then incorporated as landmark information. Mean curvature was chosen as an additional feature for matching between spherical maps. We employed a two-term cost function to encourage matching of both sulcal lines and the mean curvature between the spherical maps. Application of our registration framework to fifty pairwise registrations of T1-weighted MRI scans resulted in improved registration accuracy, which was computed from sulcal lines. Our registration approach was tested as an additional procedure to improve an existing surface registration algorithm. Our registration framework maintained an accurate registration over the sulcal lines while significantly increasing the cross-correlation of mean curvature between the spherical maps being registered. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New 50-M-Class Single Dish Telescope: Large Submillimeter Telescope (LST)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawabe, Ryohei

2018-01-01

We report on the plan to construct a 50 m class millimeter (mm) and sub-mm single dish telescope, the Large Submillimeter Telescope (LST). The telescope is optimized for wide-area imaging and spectroscopic surveys in the 70 to 420 GHz main frequency range, which just covers main atmospheric windows at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths for good observing sites such as the ALMA site in Chile. We also target observations at higher frequencies of up to 1 THz, using an inner part high-precision surface. Active surface control is required in order to correct gravitational and thermal deformations of the surface. The LST will facilitate new discovery spaces such as wide-field imaging with both continuum and spectral lines, along with new developments for time domain science. With exploiting synergy with ALMA and other telescopes, LST can contribute to a wide range of topics in astronomy and astrophysics, e.g., astrochemistry, star formation in the Galaxy and galaxies, evolution of galaxy clusters via SZ effect. We also report the recent progress on the technical study, e.g., the tentative study of the surface error budget and challenges to correction for the wind-load effect.

Time-resolved FUSE photometric and spectroscopic observations: PG 1219+534, PG 1605+072, and PG 1613+426

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuassivi; Bonanno, A.; Ferlet, R.

2005-11-01

We report the detection of pulsations in the far ultraviolet (FUV) light curves of PG 1219+534, PG 1605+072 and PG 1613+426 obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) in time tagged mode (TTAG). Exposures of the order of a few ksec were sufficient to observe the main frequencies of PG 1219+534 and PG 1605+072 and confirm the detection of a pulsation mode at the surface of PG 1613+426 as reported from ground. For the first time we derive time resolved spectroscopic FUSE data of a sdB pulsator (PG 1605+072) and comment on its line profile variation diagram (lpv diagram). We observe the phase shift between the maximum luminosity and the maximum radius to be consistent with the model of an adiabatic pulsator. We also present evidence that the line broadening previously reported is not caused by rotation but is rather an observational bias due to the rapid Doppler shift of the lines with 17 km s-1 amplitude. Thus our observations do not support the previous claim that PG 1605+072 is (or will evolve into) an unusually fast rotating degenerate dwarf. These results demonstrate the asteroseismological potential of the FUSE satellite which should be viewed as another powerful means of investigating stellar pulsations, along with the MOST and COROT missions.

Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Ionic Liquids in Electrospray Propulsion

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

surface equipotential and a correspondes to the model sphere radius. It can also see that the applied voltage is necessary to obtain the surface ...between the tip and extractor, the equipotential line whose angle relative to the x axis is approximately 49 degrees is selected as the Taylor cone surface ...model. Then the electric field on such equipotential line is found by equation 7.5 and used for the distribution along the cone surface . This

Fabrication of a highly oriented line structure on an aluminum surface and the nanoscale patterning on the nanoscale structure using highly functional molecules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watanabe, Y.; Kato, H.; Takemura, S.

2009-07-15

The surface of an Al plate was treated with a combination of chemical and electrochemical processes for fabrication of surface nanoscale structures on Al plates. Chemical treatments by using acetone and pure water under supersonic waves were conducted on an Al surface. Additional electrochemical process in H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution created a finer and oriented nanoscale structure on the Al surface. Dynamic force microscopy (DFM) measurement clarified that the nanoscale highly oriented line structure was successfully created on the Al surface. The line distance was estimated approximately 30-40 nm. At the next stage, molecular patterning on the highly oriented linemore » structure by functional molecules such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene C{sub 60} was also conducted. CuPc or C{sub 60} molecules were deposited on the highly oriented line structure on Al. A toluene droplet containing CuPc molecules was cast on the nanostructured Al plate and was extended on the surface. CuPc or C{sub 60} deposition on the nanostructured Al surface proceeded by evaporation of toluene. DFM and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements demonstrated that a unique molecular pattern was fabricated so that the highly oriented groove channels were filled with the functional molecules.« less

Multi-Satellite Estimates of Land-Surface Properties for Determination of Energy and Water Budgets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Menzel, W. Paul; Rabin, Robert M.; Neale, Christopher M. U.; Gallo, Kevin; Diak, George R.

1998-01-01

Using the WETNET database, existing methods for the estimation of surface wetness from SSM/I data have been assessed and further developed. A physical-statistical method for optimal estimation of daily surface heat flux and Bowen ratio on the mesoscale has been developed and tested. This method is based on observations of daytime planetary boundary layer (PBL) growth from operational ravansonde and daytime land-surface temperature amplitude from Geostationary Operational Environmental (GOES) satellites. The mesoscale patterns of these heat fluxes have been compared with an AVHRR-based vegetation index and surface wetness (separately estimated from SSM/I and in situ observations). Cases of the 1988 Midwest drought and a surface/atmosphere moisture gradient (dry-line) in the southern Plains were studied. The analyses revealed significant variations in sensible heat flux (S(sub 0), and Bowen ratio, B(sub 0)) associated with vegetation cover and antecedent precipitation. Relationships for surface heat flux (and Bowen ratio) from antecedent precipitation and vegetation index have been developed and compared to other findings. Results from this project are reported in the following reviewed literature.

System and method for determining stability of a neural system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Steven A. (Inventor)

2011-01-01

Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable media for determining stability of a neural system. The method includes tracking a function world line of an N element neural system within at least one behavioral space, determining whether the tracking function world line is approaching a psychological stability surface, and implementing a quantitative solution that corrects instability if the tracked function world line is approaching the psychological stability surface.

Measurement of strong Marangoni flow near a contact line of a water droplet on hydrophobic surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Joonsik; Breuer, Kenneth S.

2015-11-01

Strong Marangoni flow from a water droplet on unheated substrate has been theoretically predicted but not been quantitatively measured. Using two different experimental techniques, multi-layer flood illumination and Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (TIRFM), we report Marangoni flows with large (O(100 μm/s)) velocity near a contact line of a water droplet on hydrophobic substrates. The flow is measured by tracking the motion of nanoparticles with respect to the contact line, using statistical particle tracking velocimetry combined with sub-pixel edge detection algorithm. Under multi-layer flood illumination, the recirculating convective flow is identified within 5 μm vertically from the substrate. From the TIRFM measurement, the changes in the bulk-averaged velocity (O(100 μm/s)) and the shear rate (O(100 s-1)) as the distance from the contact line are identified within 550 nm vertically from the substrate, and compared to the characteristic shear rate and speed from Marangoni effect, respectively. Surprisingly, both Flood and TIRFM measurements indicate high slip velocities extending as far as 33 μm from the contact line. One possible explanation is that the high slip velocity is due to the accumulation of nanobubbles near the contact line which were formed at the deposition of a droplet.

Choice of range-energy relationship for the analysis of electron-beam-induced-current line scans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luke, Keung, L.

1994-07-01

The electron range in a material is an important parameter in the analysis of electron-beam-induced-current (EBIC) line scans. Both the Kanaya-Okayama (KO) and Everhart-Hoff (EH) range-energy relationships have been widely used by investigators for this purpose. Although the KO range is significantly larer than the EH range, no study has been done to examine the effect of choosing one range over the other on the values of the surface recombination velocity S(sub T) and minority-carrier diffusion length L evaluated from EBICF line scans. Such a study has been carried out, focusing on two major questions: (1) When the KO range is used in different reported methods to evaluate either or both S(sub T) and L from EBIC line scans, how different are their values thus determined in comparison to those using the EH range?; (2) from EBIC line scans of a given material, is there a way to discriminate between the KO and the EH ranges which should be used to analyze these scans? Answers to these questions are presented to assist investigators in extracting more reliable values of either or both S(sub T) and L and in finding the right range to use in the analysis of these line scans.

Milan Army Ammunition Plant focused feasibility study for the northern industrial area soil. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Locandro, R.R.; Okusu, N.M.; Case, J.

1995-04-01

ICF Kaiser Engineers (ICF) and Environmental Resources Management (ERM) have been contracted by the US Army Environmental Center (USAEC) to perform a Focused Feasibility Study (FS) for contaminated soil within the northern industrial areas of Milan Army Ammunition Plant (MAAP), Tennessee. The purpose of the Focused FS is to develop and evaluate remedial alternatives such that an appropriate remedy can be selected for the site. The MAAP Remedial Investigation (RI) performed in 1989--1991 confirmed that the O-Line Ponds area, facility drainage ditches that received industrial wastewater, and manufacturing and disposal areas have been sources of groundwater contamination. One finding ofmore » the RI Report was that sufficient information was available concerning the O-Line Ponds area to proceed with a Focused FS. The O-Line Ponds area was further divided into two operable units (OUs): OU1 is the groundwater immediately downgradient of the O-Line Ponds area, and OU2 is the soil, surface water, and sediment at the O-Line Ponds area. A Proposed Plan and Record of Decision (ROD) for OU1 were finalized in 1992, which called for groundwater extraction, treatment, and reinjection of the treated water upgradient of the O-Line Ponds. The design of this system was completed in 1993, and construction of the system is currently underway. For OU2, the Proposed Plan and ROD (finalized in 1993) called for the extension of the existing multi-layered cap to cover the contaminated soil around the perimeter of the existing cap. The design of the cap extension was completed in 1994, and construction will begin in late 1994.« less

Computer-Drawn Field Lines and Potential Surfaces for a Wide Range of Field Configurations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandt, Siegmund; Schneider, Hermann

1976-01-01

Describes a computer program that computes field lines and equipotential surfaces for a wide range of field configurations. Presents the mathematical technique and details of the program, the input data, and different modes of graphical representation. (MLH)

Analysis of PH3 spectra in the Octad range 2733-3660 cm-1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikitin, A. V.; Ivanova, Y. A.; Rey, M.; Tashkun, S. A.; Toon, G. C.; Sung, K.; Tyuterev, Vl. G.

2017-12-01

Improved analysis of positions and intensities of phosphine spectral lines in the Octad region 2733-3660 cm-1 is reported. Some 5768 positions and 1752 intensities were modelled with RMS deviations of 0.00185 cm-1 and 10.9%, respectively. Based on an ab initio potential energy surface, the full Hamiltonian of phosphine nuclear motion was reduced to an effective Hamiltonian using high-order Contact Transformations method adapted to polyads of symmetric top AB3-type molecules with a subsequent empirical optimization of parameters. More than 2000 new ro-vibrational lines were assigned that include transitions for all 13 vibrational Octad sublevels. This new fitting of measured positions and intensities considerably improved the accuracy of line parameters in the calculated database. A comparison of our results with experimental spectra of PNNL showed that the new set of line parameters from this work permits better simulation of observed cross-sections than the HITRAN2012 linelist. In the 2733-3660 cm-1 range, our integrated intensities show a good consistency with recent ab initio variational calculations.

Method for bonding a transmission line to a downhole tool

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe

2007-11-06

An apparatus for bonding a transmission line to the central bore of a downhole tool includes a pre-formed interface for bonding a transmission line to the inside diameter of a downhole tool. The pre-formed interface includes a first surface that substantially conforms to the outside contour of a transmission line and a second surface that substantially conforms to the inside diameter of a downhole tool. In another aspect of the invention, a method for bonding a transmission line to the inside diameter of a downhole tool includes positioning a transmission line near the inside wall of a downhole tool and placing a mold near the transmission line and the inside wall. The method further includes injecting a bonding material into the mold and curing the bonding material such that the bonding material bonds the transmission line to the inside wall.

Surface inspection: Research and development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Batchelder, J. S.

1987-01-01

Surface inspection techniques are used for process learning, quality verification, and postmortem analysis in manufacturing for a spectrum of disciplines. First, trends in surface analysis are summarized for integrated circuits, high density interconnection boards, and magnetic disks, emphasizing on-line applications as opposed to off-line or development techniques. Then, a closer look is taken at microcontamination detection from both a patterned defect and a particulate inspection point of view.

Ultrafast optical measurements of surface waves on a patterned layered nanostructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daly, Brian; Bjornsson, Matteo; Connolly, Aine; Mahat, Sushant; Rachmilowitz, Bryan; Antonelli, George; Myers, Alan; Yoo, Hui-Jae; Singh, Kanwal; King, Sean

2015-03-01

We report ultrafast optical pump-probe measurements of 12 - 54 GHz surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on patterned layered nanostructures. These very high frequency SAWs were generated and detected on the following patterned film stack: 25 nm physically vapor deposited TiN / 180 nm porous PECVD-grown a-SiOC:H dielectric / 12 nm non-porous PECVD-grown a-SiOC:H etch-stop / 100 nm CVD-grown a-SiO2 / Si (100) substrate. The TiN layer was dry plasma etched to form lines of rectangular cross section with pitches of 420 nm, 250 nm, 180 nm, and 168 nm and the lines were oriented parallel to the [110] direction on the wafer surface. The absorption of ultrafast pulses from a Ti:sapphire oscillator operating at 800 nm generated SAWs that were detected by time-delayed probe pulses from the same oscillator via a reflectivity change (ΔR) . In each of the four cases the SAW frequency increased with decreasing pitch, but not in a linear way as had been seen in previous experiments of this sort. By comparing the results with mechanical simulations, we present evidence for the detection of different types of SAWs in each case, including Rayleigh-like waves, Sezawa waves, and leaky or radiative waves. This work was supported by NSF Award DMR1206681.

Efforts to estimate pesticide degradation rates in subsurface ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

When pesticides are used in real-world settings, the objective is to be effective in pest eradication at the site of application, but also it is desired that the pesticide have minimal persistence and mobility as it migrates away from the application site. At the site of application, sorption on soil and surface-soil degradation rates both factor into the pesticides' persistence. But once it migrates to the subsurface vadose zone and/or aquifers, subsurface degradation rate is a factor as well. Unfortunately, numerous soil properties that might affect pesticide degradation rate vary by orders of magnitude in the subsurface environment, both spatially and temporally, e.g., organic-carbon concentration, oxygen concentration, redox conditions, pH and soil mineralogy. Consequently, estimation of subsurface pesticide degradation rates and, in tum, pesticide persistence and mobility in the environment, has remained a challenge. To address this intransigent uncertainty, we surveyed peer-reviewed literature to identify > 100 data pairs in which investigators reported pesticide degradation rates in both surface and subsurface soils, using internally consistent experimental methods. These > 100 data pairs represented >30 separate pesticides. When the > 100 subsurface half-lives were plotted against surface half-lives, a limiting line could be defined for which all subsurface half-lives but three fe ll below the line. Of the three data points plotting above the limiting li

On-Line Derivatization Gas Chromatography Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Endocrine Disruptors in Surface Water

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tzing, Shin-Hwa; Chang, Jia-Yaw; Ling, Yong-Chien

2004-03-31

A method has been developed for the determination of endocrine disruptors (EDs) (containing hydroxyl groups) in surface water from different sources. The surface water samples from different sites including school and local dormitory sewage effluents, lake water and river water were collected and analyzed. In this method, the pretreated sample is directly analyzed by GC-MS using on-line derivatization, where tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMA-OH) was used as the derivatizing agent. Use of large-volume direct sample introduction (DSI) and co-injection of the sample and TMAOH avoids external contaminations as observed in conventional derivatization protocols. Additionally, the use of chemical ionization (CI) and CI-MS/MSmore » could enable detection of EDs at lower concentrations and reduce the matrices' interference thereby enhancing detection sensitivity of EDs for quantification. In this work, the use of dichloromethane as CI reagent for EDs is reported for the first time and could detect EDs to concentrations as low as 0.5 pg/mL. The recovery ranged from 74 to 112 % and the relative standard derivations for replicate analyses ranged from 5 to 17 %. We hope that this method will be applicable for routine analysis of EDs with hydroxyl functional groups.« less

AFM AND XPS Characterization of Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Coatings with Attention to Surface Dross and Flow Lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harding, Felipe A.; Alarcon, Nelson A.; Toledo, Pedro G.

Surfaces of various zinc-aluminum alloy (Zn-Al) coated steel samples are studied with attention to foreign surface dross by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA). AFM topographic maps of zinc-aluminum alloy surfaces free of dross reveal the perfect nanoscale details of two kinds of dendrites: branched and globular. In all magnifications the dendrites appear smooth and, in general, very clean. XPS analysis of the extreme surface of a Zn-Al sample reveals Al, Zn, Si and O as the main components. The XPS results show no segregation or separation of phases other than those indicated by the ternary Al-Zn-Si diagram. For surfaces of Zn-Al plagued with impurities, high resolution AFM topographic maps reveal three situations: (1) areas with well-defined dendrites, relatively free of dross; (2) areas with small, millimeter-sized black spots known as dross; and (3) areas with large black stains, known as flow lines. Dendrite deformation and dross accumulation increase notably in the neighborhood, apparently clean to the naked eye, of dross or flow lines. XPS results of areas with dross and flow lines indicate unacceptable high concentration of Si and important Si phase separation. These results, in the light of AFM work, reveal that dross and flow lines are a consequence of a high local concentration of Si from high melting point silica and silicate impurities in the Zn-Al alloy source.

Dynamic deformation inspection of a human arm by using a line-scan imaging system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Eryi

2009-11-01

A line-scan imaging system is used in the dynamic deformation measurement of a human arm when the muscle is contracting and relaxing. The measurement principle is based on the projection grating profilometry, and the measuring system is consisted of a line-scan CCD camera, a projector, optical lens and a personal computer. The detected human arm is put upon a reference plane, and a sinusoidal grating is projected onto the object surface and reference plane at an incidence angle, respectively. The deformed fringe pattern in the same line of the dynamic detected arm is captured by the line-scan CCD camera with free trigger model, and the deformed fringe pattern is recorded in the personal computer for processing. A fast Fourier transform combining with a filtering and spectrum shifting method is used to extract the phase information caused by the profile of the detected object. Thus, the object surface profile can be obtained following the geometric relationship between the fringe deformation and the object surface height. Furthermore, the deformation procedure can be obtained line by line. Some experimental results are presented to prove the feasibility of the inspection system.

The Escherichia coli Subtilase Cytotoxin A Subunit Specifically Cleaves Cell-surface GRP78 Protein and Abolishes COOH-terminal-dependent Signaling

PubMed Central

Ray, Rupa; de Ridder, Gustaaf G.; Eu, Jerry P.; Paton, Adrienne W.; Paton, James C.; Pizzo, Salvatore V.

2012-01-01

GRP78, a molecular chaperone with critical endoplasmic reticulum functions, is aberrantly expressed on the surface of cancer cells, including prostate and melanoma. Here it functions as a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling receptor via NH2-terminal domain ligation. Auto-antibodies to this domain may appear in cancer patient serum where they are a poor prognostic indicator. Conversely, GRP78 COOH-terminal domain ligation is pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative. There is no method to disrupt cell-surface GRP78 without compromising the total GRP78 pool, making it difficult to study cell-surface GRP78 function. We studied six cell lines representing three cancer types. One cell line per group expresses high levels of cell-surface GRP78, and the other expresses low levels (human hepatoma: Hep3B and HepG2; human prostate cancer: PC3 and 1-LN; murine melanoma: B16F0 and B16F1). We investigated the effect of Escherichia coli subtilase cytoxin catalytic subunit (SubA) on GRP78. We report that SubA specifically cleaves cell-surface GRP78 on HepG2, 1-LN, and B16F1 cells without affecting intracellular GRP78. B16F0 cells (GRP78low) have lower amounts of cleaved cell-surface GRP78. SubA has no effect on Hep3B and PC3 cells. The predicted 28-kDa GRP78 COOH-terminal fragment is released into the culture medium by SubA treatment, and COOH-terminal domain signal transduction is abrogated, whereas pro-proliferative signaling mediated through NH2-terminal domain ligation is unaffected. These experiments clarify cell-surface GRP78 topology and demonstrate that the COOH-terminal domain is necessary for pro-apoptotic signal transduction occurring upon COOH-terminal antibody ligation. SubA is a powerful tool to specifically probe the functions of cell-surface GRP78. PMID:22851173

The Escherichia coli subtilase cytotoxin A subunit specifically cleaves cell-surface GRP78 protein and abolishes COOH-terminal-dependent signaling.

PubMed

Ray, Rupa; de Ridder, Gustaaf G; Eu, Jerry P; Paton, Adrienne W; Paton, James C; Pizzo, Salvatore V

2012-09-21

GRP78, a molecular chaperone with critical endoplasmic reticulum functions, is aberrantly expressed on the surface of cancer cells, including prostate and melanoma. Here it functions as a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling receptor via NH(2)-terminal domain ligation. Auto-antibodies to this domain may appear in cancer patient serum where they are a poor prognostic indicator. Conversely, GRP78 COOH-terminal domain ligation is pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative. There is no method to disrupt cell-surface GRP78 without compromising the total GRP78 pool, making it difficult to study cell-surface GRP78 function. We studied six cell lines representing three cancer types. One cell line per group expresses high levels of cell-surface GRP78, and the other expresses low levels (human hepatoma: Hep3B and HepG2; human prostate cancer: PC3 and 1-LN; murine melanoma: B16F0 and B16F1). We investigated the effect of Escherichia coli subtilase cytoxin catalytic subunit (SubA) on GRP78. We report that SubA specifically cleaves cell-surface GRP78 on HepG2, 1-LN, and B16F1 cells without affecting intracellular GRP78. B16F0 cells (GRP78(low)) have lower amounts of cleaved cell-surface GRP78. SubA has no effect on Hep3B and PC3 cells. The predicted 28-kDa GRP78 COOH-terminal fragment is released into the culture medium by SubA treatment, and COOH-terminal domain signal transduction is abrogated, whereas pro-proliferative signaling mediated through NH(2)-terminal domain ligation is unaffected. These experiments clarify cell-surface GRP78 topology and demonstrate that the COOH-terminal domain is necessary for pro-apoptotic signal transduction occurring upon COOH-terminal antibody ligation. SubA is a powerful tool to specifically probe the functions of cell-surface GRP78.

Extending the application of deuterium excess as a tracer in surface and groundwaters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurst, S.; Krishnamurthy, R. V.

2017-12-01

Stable isotopes of surface and ground waters provide invaluable information on the processes involved in their genesis. A starting point in these applications is the relationship between hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O), exemplified in the so-called Global Meteoric Water Line where δ2H=8δ18O+10 [1]. From this line Dansgaard [2] defined the parameter deuterium excess where d=δ2H-8δ18O. Generally, the d-excess value is fixed at the source, predominantly the equatorial oceans and retained. At an average humidity of about 85% the expected d-excess value is 10. Deviations indicate secondary changes in the air mass or a water body thus making d-excess a useful geophysical tracer. For instance, evaporation results in a higher d-excess in the vapor. Mixing of this water vapor with overhead air mass results in precipitation exhibiting d-excess values higher than Global Meteoric Water Line [3]. Alternatively, the fraction of liquid remaining will have low d-excess and in extreme cases negative d-excess. In this case a plot of d-excess-δ2H will give a straight line with a negative slope. This can be demonstrated from pan evaporation experiments [4]. Deviation from a perfect straight line on the d-excess-δ2H plot indicates a combination of mixing from various source waters and evaporation. This study will discuss various case studies from multiple environments applying this approach using d-excess. References [1] Craig, H. Standard for Reporting Concentrations of Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in Natural Waters. Science 133, 1833-1834 (1961). [2] Dansgaard, W. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus A 16: 436-468 (1964). [3] Machavaram, M. &, Krishnamurthy, R.V. Earth surface evaporative process: a case study from the Great Lakes region of the United States based on deuterium excess in precipitation. Geochim. et Cosmochem. Acta 59, 4279-4283 (1995). [4] Simpson, H.J., Hamza, M.S., & White, J.W.C. Evaporative enrichment of deuterium and 18O in arid zone irrigation. IAEA, 241-256 (1987).

RLINE: A Line Source Dispersion Model for Near-Surface Releases

EPA Science Inventory

This paper describes the formulation and evaluation of RLINE, a Research LINE source model for near surface releases. The model is designed to simulate mobile source pollutant dispersion to support the assessment of human exposures in near-roadway environments where a significant...

Switch from hapten-specific immunoglobulin M to immunoglobulin D secretion in a hybrid mouse cell line.

PubMed Central

Neuberger, M S; Rajewsky, K

1981-01-01

From a hybrid mouse cell line (B1-8) that secreted an IgM, lambda 1 anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl antibody but that had no detectable surface IgM, selection for a variant with lambda 1 chains on the surface resulted in the isolation of a line that had switched from mu to delta expression. The surface and secreted Igs of this line were typed as IgD with two monoclonal antibodies, and the parental IgM and variant IgD molecules carried the same variable regions as judged by hapten-binding and idiotypic analysis. The surface and secreted delta chains of the IgD variant have apparent molecular weights of 64,000 and 61,000, respectively. However, the unglycosylated secreted delta polypeptide chain has a molecular weight of only 44,000. The secreted IgD exists predominantly in the delta 2 lambda A2 form, does not contain J protein, is relatively stable in serum, and does not fix complement. Images PMID:6940132

How Escherichia coli lands and forms cell clusters on a surface: a new role of surface topography

PubMed Central

Gu, Huan; Chen, Aaron; Song, Xinran; Brasch, Megan E.; Henderson, James H.; Ren, Dacheng

2016-01-01

Bacterial response to surface topography during biofilm formation was studied using 5 μm tall line patterns of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Escherichia coli cells attached on top of protruding line patterns were found to align more perpendicularly to the orientation of line patterns when the pattern narrowed. Consistently, cell cluster formation per unit area on 5 μm wide line patterns was reduced by 14-fold compared to flat PDMS. Contrasting the reduced colony formation, cells attached on narrow patterns were longer and had higher transcriptional activities, suggesting that such unfavorable topography may present a stress to attached cells. Results of mutant studies indicate that flagellar motility is involved in the observed preference in cell orientation on narrow patterns, which was corroborated by the changes in cell rotation pattern before settling on different surface topographies. These findings led to a set of new design principles for creating antifouling topographies, which was validated using 10 μm tall hexagonal patterns. PMID:27412365

Effects of surface topography on magnetization reversal of magnetic thin films.

PubMed

Girgis, E; Pogossian, S P; Benkhedar, M L

2006-04-01

The influence of the created surface roughness on the coercivity of magnetic thin films has been investigated. The magnetic thin films (CoFe and alternatively NiFe) are sputtered on top of smooth substrates that were previously covered with an array of considerably rougher lines with one of these materials Pt, Cu, CoFe, and NiFe. The lines have been patterned using optical lithography into arrays that are deposited with different thicknesses varying between 5 nm-15 nm. The lines have been designed to have a very rough edge and seated in two different angles relative to the wafer edge (zero and 45 degrees). Magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements showed two distinct switching fields in the hysteresis loops that are due to magnetic domain wall trapping created by the surface roughness. The magnetization reversal showed a strong dependence on the height, the orientation angle, and the material's type of the created surface roughness (the lines).

In situ high-temperature characterization of AlN-based surface acoustic wave devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aubert, Thierry; Bardong, Jochen; Legrani, Ouarda; Elmazria, Omar; Badreddine Assouar, M.; Bruckner, Gudrun; Talbi, Abdelkrim

2013-07-01

We report on in situ electrical measurements of surface acoustic wave delay lines based on AlN/sapphire structure and iridium interdigital transducers between 20 °C and 1050 °C under vacuum conditions. The devices show a great potential for temperature sensing applications. Burnout is only observed after 60 h at 1050 °C and is mainly attributed to the agglomeration phenomena undergone by the Ir transducers. However, despite the vacuum conditions, a significant oxidation of the AlN film is observed, pointing out the limitation of the considered structure at least at such extreme temperatures. Original structures overcoming this limitation are then proposed and discussed.

In situ measurements of scattering from contaminated optics in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herren, Kenneth A.; Linton, Roger C.; Whitaker, Ann F.

1990-07-01

NASA's In Situ Contamination Effects Facility has been used to measure the time dependence of the angular reflectance from molecularly contaminated optical surfaces in the vacuum ultraviolet. The light scattering measurements are accomplished in situ on optical surfaces in real time during deposition of molecular contaminants. The measurements are taken using noncoherent VUV sources with the predominant wavelengths being the krypton resonance lines at 1236 and 1600 angstroms. Detection of the scattered light is accomplished using a set of three solar blind VUV photomultipliers. An in-plane VUV BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) experiment is described and details of the on-going program to characterize optical materials exposed to the space environment is reported.

Lifetime and linewidth of individual quantum dots interfaced with graphene.

PubMed

Miao, Xin; Gosztola, David J; Sumant, Anirudha V; Grebel, Haim

2018-04-19

We report on luminescence lifetimes and linewidths from an array of individual quantum dots (QDs) that were either interfaced with graphene surface guides or dispersed on aluminum electrodes. The observed fluorescence quenching is consistent with screening by charge carriers. Fluorescence quenching is typically mentioned as a sign that chromophores are interfacing with a conductive surface (metal or graphene); we find that the QDs interfaced with the metal film exhibit shortened lifetime and line-broadening but not necessarily fluorescence quenching as the latter may be impacted by molecular concentration, reflectivity and conductor imperfections. We also comment on angle-dependent lifetime measurements, which we postulate depend on the specifics of the local density-of-states involved.

In situ measurements of scattering from contaminated optics in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herren, Kenneth A.; Linton, Roger C.; Whitaker, Ann F.

1990-01-01

NASA's In Situ Contamination Effects Facility has been used to measure the time dependence of the angular reflectance from molecularly contaminated optical surfaces in the vacuum ultraviolet. The light scattering measurements are accomplished in situ on optical surfaces in real time during deposition of molecular contaminants. The measurements are taken using noncoherent VUV sources with the predominant wavelengths being the krypton resonance lines at 1236 and 1600 angstroms. Detection of the scattered light is accomplished using a set of three solar blind VUV photomultipliers. An in-plane VUV BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) experiment is described and details of the on-going program to characterize optical materials exposed to the space environment is reported.

Single neuronal recordings using surface micromachined polysilicon microelectrodes.

PubMed

Muthuswamy, Jit; Okandan, Murat; Jackson, Nathan

2005-03-15

Bulk micromachining techniques of silicon have been used successfully in the past several years to microfabricate microelectrodes for monitoring single neurons in acute and chronic experiments. In this study we report for the first time a novel surface micromachining technique to microfabricate a very thin polysilicon microelectrode that can be used for monitoring single-unit activity in the central nervous system. The microelectrodes are 3 mm long and 50 microm x 3.75 microm in cross-section. Excellent signal to noise ratios in the order of 25-35 dB were obtained while recording neuronal action potentials. The microelectrodes successfully penetrated the brains after a microincision of the dura mater. Chronic implantation of the microprobe for up to 33 days produced only minor gliosis. Since the polysilicon shank acts as a conductor, additional processing steps involved in laying conductor lines on silicon substrates are avoided. Further, surface micromachining allows for fabricating extremely thin microelectrodes which could result in decreased inflammatory responses. We conclude that the polysilicon microelectrode reported here could be a complementary approach to bulk-micromachined silicon microelectrodes for chronic monitoring of single neurons in the central nervous system.

A flexible surface-coil-type resonator using triaxial cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirata, Hiroshi; Ono, Mitsuhiro

1997-09-01

This note describes a newly developed flexible surface-coil-type resonator (FSCR) used for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. A conventional FSCR has used a balanced transmission line made by coaxial lines. The new resonator uses triaxial cable in order to avoid anisotropy of flexure of the transmission line. Experimental results show that the EPR signal measured with the triaxial FSCR is 35% stronger than that measured with the conventional FSCR.

Injector for use in high voltage isolators for liquid feed lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, J. A. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

An improved injector is described for use in introducing fluid substances into feed lines employed in delivering flowing bodies of liquids. The injector includes a porous plug, concentrically related to a feed line, including an internally tapered surface of a truncated conical configuration with an inlet orifice of a first diameter substantially smaller than the first diameter and an external surface circumscribed by an annular chamber containing a body of insulating gas.

Imprinting self-assembled patterns of lines at a semiconductor surface, using heat, light, or electrons

PubMed Central

Harikumar, K. R.; McNab, Iain R.; Polanyi, John C.; Zabet-Khosousi, Amir; Hofer, Werner A.

2011-01-01

The fabrication of nano devices at surfaces makes conflicting demands of mobility for self-assembly (SA) and immobility for permanence. The solution proposed in earlier work from this laboratory involved pattern formation in physisorbed molecules by SA, followed by localized reaction to chemically imprint the pattern substantially unchanged, a procedure we termed molecular-scale imprinting (MSI). Here, as proof of generality we extended this procedure, previously applied to imprinting circles on Si(111)-7 × 7, to SA lines of 1-chloropentane (CP) on Si(100)-2 × 1. The physisorbed lines consisted of pairs of CP that grew perpendicular to the Si dimer rows, as shown by scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio theory. Chemical reaction of these lines with the surface was triggered in separate experiments by three different modes of energization: heat, electrons, or light. In all cases the CP molecules underwent MSI with a Si atom beneath so that the physisorbed lines of CP pairs were imprinted as chemisorbed lines of Cl pairs. PMID:20798058

Possible Extent and Depth of Salt Contamination in Ground Water Using Geophysical Techniques, Red River Aluminum Site, Stamps, Arkansas, April 2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stanton, Gregory P.; Kress, Wade; Hobza, Christopher M.; Czarnecki, John B.

2003-01-01

A surface-geophysical investigation of the Red River Aluminum site at Stamps, Arkansas, was conducted in cooperation with the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality to determine the possible extent and depth of saltwater contamination. Water-level measurements indicate the distance to water level below land surface ranges from about 1.2 to 3.9 feet (0.37 to 1.19 meters) in shallow monitor wells and about 10.5 to 17.1 feet (3.20 to 5.21 meters) in deeper monitoring wells. The two-dimensional, direct-current resistivity method identified resistivities less than 5 ohm-meters which indicated possible areas of salt contamination occurring in near-surface or deep subsurface ground water along four resistivity lines within the site. One line located east of the site yielded data that demonstrated no effect of salt contamination. Sections from two of the five data sets were modeled. The input model grids were created on the basis of the known geology and the results and interpretations of borehole geophysical data. The clay-rich Cook Mountain Formation is modeled as 25 ohm-meters and extends from 21 meters (68.9 feet) below land surface to the bottom of the model (about 52 meters (170.6 feet)). The models were used to refine interpretation of the resistivity data and to determine extent of saltwater contamination and depth to the Cook Mountain Formation. Data from the resistivity lines indicate both near-surface and subsurface saltwater contamination. The near-surface contamination appears as low resistivity (less than 5 ohm-meters) on four of the five resistivity lines, extending up to 775 meters (2,542.8 feet) horizontally in a line that traverses the entire site south to north. Model resistivity data indicate that the total depth of saltwater contamination is about 18 meters (59 feet) below land surface. Data from four resistivity lines identified areas containing low resistivity anomalies interpreted as possible salt contamination. A fifth line located just east of the site showed no saltwater contamination.

Topical Meeting on Microphysics of Surfaces, Beams, and Adsorbates Held at Santa Fe, New Mexico on 4-6 February 1985.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-18

during excimer laser ablation. Results are %%% Study on the Mechanism of Ion-Assisted Etching, F. H. M. correlated with interferometric measurements of...report on real time interferometric measurements of free electron density and laser induced .,- fluorescence studies of atoms and molecules in the...compared with morphology exam- Ined with Nomarski micrographs and SEM. In addition, the struc- ture and composition of the deposited lines were analysed

Low simulated radiation limit for runaway greenhouse climates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldblatt, Colin; Robinson, Tyler D.; Zahnle, Kevin J.; Crisp, David

2013-08-01

The atmospheres of terrestrial planets are expected to be in long-term radiation balance: an increase in the absorption of solar radiation warms the surface and troposphere, which leads to a matching increase in the emission of thermal radiation. Warming a wet planet such as Earth would make the atmosphere moist and optically thick such that only thermal radiation emitted from the upper troposphere can escape to space. Hence, for a hot moist atmosphere, there is an upper limit on the thermal emission that is unrelated to surface temperature. If the solar radiation absorbed exceeds this limit, the planet will heat uncontrollably and the entire ocean will evaporate--the so-called runaway greenhouse. Here we model the solar and thermal radiative transfer in incipient and complete runaway greenhouse atmospheres at line-by-line spectral resolution using a modern spectral database. We find a thermal radiation limit of 282Wm-2 (lower than previously reported) and that 294Wm-2 of solar radiation is absorbed (higher than previously reported). Therefore, a steam atmosphere induced by such a runaway greenhouse may be a stable state for a planet receiving a similar amount of solar radiation as Earth today. Avoiding a runaway greenhouse on Earth requires that the atmosphere is subsaturated with water, and that the albedo effect of clouds exceeds their greenhouse effect. A runaway greenhouse could in theory be triggered by increased greenhouse forcing, but anthropogenic emissions are probably insufficient.

Highly Accurate Potential Energy Surface, Dipole Moment Surface, Rovibrational Energy Levels, and Infrared Line List for (32)S(16)O2 up to 8000 cm(exp -1)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huang, Xinchuan; Schwenke, David W.; Lee, Timothy J.

2014-01-01

A purely ab initio potential energy surface (PES) was refined with selected (32)S(16)O2 HITRAN data. Compared to HITRAN, the root-mean-squares error (RMS) error for all J=0-80 rovibrational energy levels computed on the refined PES (denoted Ames-1) is 0.013 cm(exp -1). Combined with a CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z dipole moment surface (DMS), an infrared (IR) line list (denoted Ames-296K) has been computed at 296K and covers up to 8,000 cm(exp -1). Compared to the HITRAN and CDMS databases, the intensity agreement for most vibrational bands is better than 85-90%. Our predictions for (34)S(16)O2 band origins, higher energy (32)S(16)O2 band origins and missing (32)S(16)O2 IR bands have been verified by most recent experiments and available HITRAN data. We conclude that the Ames-1 PES is able to predict (32/34)S(16)O2 band origins below 5500 cm(exp -1) with 0.01-0.03 cm(exp -1) uncertainties, and the Ames-296K line list provides continuous, reliable and accurate IR simulations. The Ka-dependence of both line position and line intensity errors is discussed. The line list will greatly facilitate SO2 IR spectral experimental analysis, as well as elimination of SO2 lines in high-resolution astronomical observations.

Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Responses in Various Cell Lines: An in Vitro Model

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xi-Feng; Shen, Wei; Gurunathan, Sangiliyandi

2016-01-01

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted increased interest and are currently used in various industries including medicine, cosmetics, textiles, electronics, and pharmaceuticals, owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, particularly as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Recently, several studies have reported both beneficial and toxic effects of AgNPs on various prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. To develop nanoparticles for mediated therapy, several laboratories have used a variety of cell lines under in vitro conditions to evaluate the properties, mode of action, differential responses, and mechanisms of action of AgNPs. In vitro models are simple, cost-effective, rapid, and can be used to easily assess efficacy and performance. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and biocompatibility of AgNPs depend on many factors such as size, shape, surface charge, surface coating, solubility, concentration, surface functionalization, distribution of particles, mode of entry, mode of action, growth media, exposure time, and cell type. Cellular responses to AgNPs are different in each cell type and depend on the physical and chemical nature of AgNPs. This review evaluates significant contributions to the literature on biological applications of AgNPs. It begins with an introduction to AgNPs, with particular attention to their overall impact on cellular effects. The main objective of this review is to elucidate the reasons for different cell types exhibiting differential responses to nanoparticles even when they possess similar size, shape, and other parameters. Firstly, we discuss the cellular effects of AgNPs on a variety of cell lines; Secondly, we discuss the mechanisms of action of AgNPs in various cellular systems, and try to elucidate how AgNPs interact with different mammalian cell lines and produce significant effects; Finally, we discuss the cellular activation of various signaling molecules in response to AgNPs, and conclude with future perspectives on research into AgNPs. PMID:27669221

On the physically based modeling of surface tension and moving contact lines with dynamic contact angles on the continuum scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huber, M.; Keller, F.; Säckel, W.; Hirschler, M.; Kunz, P.; Hassanizadeh, S. M.; Nieken, U.

2016-04-01

The description of wetting phenomena is a challenging problem on every considerable length-scale. The behavior of interfaces and contact lines on the continuum scale is caused by intermolecular interactions like the Van der Waals forces. Therefore, to describe surface tension and the resulting dynamics of interfaces and contact lines on the continuum scale, appropriate formulations must be developed. While the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) model is well-engineered for the description of interfaces, there is still a lack of treatment of contact lines, which are defined by the intersection of an ending fluid interface and a solid boundary surface. In our approach we use a balance equation for the contact line and extend the Navier-Stokes equations in analogy to the extension of a two-phase interface in the CSF model. Since this model depicts a physically motivated approach on the continuum scale, no fitting parameters are introduced and the deterministic description leads to a dynamical evolution of the system. As verification of our theory, we show a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model and simulate the evolution of droplet shapes and their corresponding contact angles.

Contact angle and local wetting at contact line.

PubMed

Li, Ri; Shan, Yanguang

2012-11-06

This theoretical study was motivated by recent experiments and theoretical work that had suggested the dependence of the static contact angle on the local wetting at the triple-phase contact line. We revisit this topic because the static contact angle as a local wetting parameter is still not widely understood and clearly known. To further clarify the relationship of the static contact angle with wetting, two approaches are applied to derive a general equation for the static contact angle of a droplet on a composite surface composed of heterogeneous components. A global approach based on the free surface energy of a thermodynamic system containing the droplet and solid surface shows the static contact angle as a function of local surface chemistry and local wetting state at the contact line. A local approach, in which only local forces acting on the contact line are considered, results in the same equation. The fact that the local approach agrees with the global approach further demonstrates the static contact angle as a local wetting parameter. Additionally, the study also suggests that the wetting described by the Wenzel and Cassie equations is also the local wetting of the contact line rather than the global wetting of the droplet.

Method and System for Weakening Shock Wave Strength at Leading Edge Surfaces of Vehicle in Supersonic Atmospheric Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pritchett, Victor E., II (Inventor); Wang, Ten-See (Inventor); Blankson, Isaiah M. (Inventor); Daso, Endwell O. (Inventor); Farr, Rebecca Ann (Inventor); Auslender, Aaron Howard (Inventor); Plotkin, Kenneth J. (Inventor)

2015-01-01

A method and system are provided to weaken shock wave strength at leading edge surfaces of a vehicle in atmospheric flight. One or more flight-related attribute sensed along a vehicle's outer mold line are used to control the injection of a non-heated, non-plasma-producing gas into a local external flowfield of the vehicle from at least one leading-edge surface location along the vehicle's outer mold line. Pressure and/or mass flow rate of the gas so-injected is adjusted in order to cause a Rankine-Hugoniot Jump Condition along the vehicle's outer mold line to be violated.

A review of recent theoretical and computational studies on pinned surface nanobubbles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yawei; Zhang, Xianren

2018-01-01

The findings of long-lived surface nanobubbles in various experiments brought a puzzle in theory, as they were supposed to be dissolved in microseconds due to the high Laplace pressure. However, an increasing number of studies suggest that the pinning of contact line, together with certain levels of oversaturation, is responsible for the anomalous stability of surface nanobubble. This mechanism can interpret most characteristics of surface nanobubbles. Here we summarize recent theoretical and computational work to explain how the surface nanobubbles become stable with the pinning of contact line. Other related work devoted to understand the unusual behaviors of pinned surface nanobubbles are also reviewed here.

Using the thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) to estimate surface thermal responses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luvall, J. C.; Holbo, H. R.

1987-01-01

A series of measurements was conducted over the H.J. Andrews, Oregon, experimental coniferous forest, using airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS). Flight lines overlapped, with a 28-min time difference between flight lines. Concurrent radiosonde measurements of atmospheric profiles of air temperature and moisture were used for atmospheric radiance corrections of the TIMS data. Surface temperature differences over time between flight lines were used to develop thermal response numbers (TRNs) which characterized the thermal response (in KJ/sq m/C, where K is the measured incoming solar radiation) of the different surface types. The surface types included a mature forest (canopy dominated by dense crowns of Pseudosuga menziesii, with a secondary canopy of dense Tsuga heterophylla, and also a tall shrub layer of Acer circinatum) and a two-year-old clear-cut. The temperature distribution, within TIMS thermal images was found to reflect the surface type examined. The clear-cut surface had the lowest TRN, while mature Douglas fir the highest.

Antimicrobial-Coated Granules for Disinfecting Water

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Akse, James R.; Holtsnider, John T.; Kliestik, Helen

2011-01-01

Methods of preparing antimicrobialcoated granules for disinfecting flowing potable water have been developed. Like the methods reported in the immediately preceding article, these methods involve chemical preparation of substrate surfaces (in this case, the surfaces of granules) to enable attachment of antimicrobial molecules to the surfaces via covalent bonds. A variety of granular materials have been coated with a variety of antimicrobial agents that include antibiotics, bacteriocins, enzymes, bactericides, and fungicides. When employed in packed beds in flowing water, these antimicrobial-coated granules have been proven effective against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Composite beds, consisting of multiple layers containing different granular antimicrobial media, have proven particularly effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. These media have also proven effective in enhancing or potentiating the biocidal effects of in-line iodinated resins and of very low levels of dissolved elemental iodine.

Langasite surface acoustic wave gas sensors: modeling and verification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peng Zheng,; Greve, D. W.; Oppenheim, I. J.

2013-03-01

We report finite element simulations of the effect of conductive sensing layers on the surface wave velocity of langasite substrates. The simulations include both the mechanical and electrical influences of the conducting sensing layer. We show that three-dimensional simulations are necessary because of the out-of-plane displacements of the commonly used (0, 138.5, 26.7) Euler angle. Measurements of the transducer input admittance in reflective delay-line devices yield a value for the electromechanical coupling coefficient that is in good agreement with the three-dimensional simulations on bare langasite substrate. The input admittance measurements also show evidence of excitation of an additional wave modemore » and excess loss due to the finger resistance. The results of these simulations and measurements will be useful in the design of surface acoustic wave gas sensors.« less

77 FR 67442 - Soo Line Railroad Company-Temporary Trackage Rights Exemption-BNSF Railway Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35687] Soo Line Railroad Company--Temporary Trackage Rights Exemption-- BNSF Railway Company BNSF Railway Company (BNSF), pursuant... rights to Soo Line Railroad Company d/b/a Canadian Pacific (Soo Line) over BNSF's line of railroad...

50 CFR 660.716 - Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved] 660.716 Section 660.716 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES...

50 CFR 660.716 - Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Surface hook-and-line fishery. [Reserved] 660.716 Section 660.716 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (CONTINUED) FISHERIES OFF WEST COAST STATES...

Viability of Using Diamond Field Emitter Array Cathodes in Free Electron Lasers

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

essential component of a field emitter array is the shape of the electric field lines and equipotential lines at the surface of the array. The...BARRIER AND QUANTUM TUNNELING ...........25 B. FIELD ENHANCEMENT AND SURFACE PROTRUSIONS .........26 C. ELECTRIC FIELDS AND ELECTRON TRAVEL...26 Figure 4. Diagram of a protrusion (triangular in shape) from the surface of a cathode. The protrusion is of height h, with a

Method of forming oriented block copolymer line patterns, block copolymer line patterns formed thereby, and their use to form patterned articles

DOEpatents

Russell, Thomas P.; Hong, Sung Woo; Lee, Doug Hyun; Park, Soojin; Xu, Ting

2015-10-13

A block copolymer film having a line pattern with a high degree of long-range order is formed by a method that includes forming a block copolymer film on a substrate surface with parallel facets, and annealing the block copolymer film to form an annealed block copolymer film having linear microdomains parallel to the substrate surface and orthogonal to the parallel facets of the substrate. The line-patterned block copolymer films are useful for the fabrication of magnetic storage media, polarizing devices, and arrays of nanowires.

Method of forming oriented block copolymer line patterns, block copolymer line patterns formed thereby, and their use to form patterned articles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Russell, Thomas P.; Hong, Sung Woo; Lee, Dong Hyun

A block copolymer film having a line pattern with a high degree of long-range order is formed by a method that includes forming a block copolymer film on a substrate surface with parallel facets, and annealing the block copolymer film to form an annealed block copolymer film having linear microdomains parallel to the substrate surface and orthogonal to the parallel facets of the substrate. The line-patterned block copolymer films are useful for the fabrication of magnetic storage media, polarizing devices, and arrays of nanowires.

Response function of a moving contact line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perrin, H.; Belardinelli, D.; Sbragaglia, M.; Andreotti, B.

2018-04-01

The hydrodynamics of a liquid-vapor interface in contact with a heterogeneous surface is largely impacted by the presence of defects at the smaller scales. Such defects introduce morphological disturbances on the contact line and ultimately determine the force exerted on the wedge of liquid in contact with the surface. From the mathematical point of view, defects introduce perturbation modes, whose space-time evolution is governed by the interfacial hydrodynamic equations of the contact line. In this paper we derive the response function of the contact line to such generic perturbations. The contact line response may be used to design simplified one-dimensional time-dependent models accounting for the complexity of interfacial flows coupled to nanoscale defects, yet offering a more tractable mathematical framework to explore contact line motion through a disordered energy landscape.

Interaction of phosphine with Si(100) from core-level photoemission and real-time scanning tunneling microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Deng-Sung; Ku, Tsai-Shuan; Chen, Ru-Ping

2000-01-01

In this paper, we investigate the interaction of phosphine (PH3) on the Si(100)-2×1 surface at temperatures between 635 and 900 K. The hydrogen desorption, growth mode, surface morphology, and chemical composition and ordering of the surface layer are examined by synchrotron radiation core-level photoemission and real-time high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. The P 2p core-level spectra indicate that decomposition of PHn is complete above ~550 K and the maximum P coverage is strongly influenced by the growth temperature, which governs the coverage of H-terminated sites. The scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images taken at real time during PH3 exposure indicate that a surface phosphorus atom readily and randomly displaces one Si atom from the substrate. The ejected Si diffuses, nucleates, and incorporates itself into islands or step edges, leading to similar growth behavior as that found in Si chemical vapor deposition. Line defects both perpendicular and parallel to the dimer rows are observed on the nearly P-saturated surface. Perpendicular line defects act as a strain relief mechanism. Parallel line defects result from growth kinetics. STM images also indicate that incorporating a small amount of phosphorus eliminates the line defects in the Si(100)-2×n surface.

[Distribution diversity of integrins and calcium channels on major human and mouse host cells of Leptospira species].

PubMed

Li, Cheng-xue; Zhao, Xin; Qian, Jing; Yan, Jie

2012-07-01

To determine the distribution of integrins and calcium channels on major human and mouse host cells of Leptospira species. The expression of β1, β2 and β3 integrins was detected with immunofluorescence assay on the surface of human monocyte line THP-1, mouse mononuclear-macrophage-like cell line J774A.1, human vascular endothelial cell line HUVEC, mouse vascular endothelial cell EOMA, human hepatocyte line L-02, mouse hepatocyte line Hepa1-6, human renal tubular epithelial cell line HEK-293, mouse glomerular membrane epithelial cell line SV40-MES13, mouse collagen blast line NIH/3T3, human and mouse platelets. The distribution of voltage gate control calcium channels Cav3.1, Cav3.2, Cav3.3 and Cav2.3, and receptor gate calcium channels P(2)X(1), P(2)2X(2), P(2)X(3), P(2)X(4), P(2)X(5), P(2)X(6) and P(2)X(7) were determined with Western blot assay. β1 integrin proteins were positively expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, HUVEC, EOMA, L-02, Hepa1-6 and HEK-239 cells as well as human and mouse platelets. β2 integrin proteins were expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, HUVEC, EOMA, and NIH/3T3 cells. β3 integrin proteins were expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, HUVEC, EOMA, Hepa1-6, HEK-239 and NIH/3T3 cells as well as human and mouse platelets. P(2)X(1) receptor gate calcium channel was expressed on the membrane surface of human and mouse platelets, while P(2)X(5) receptor gate calcium channel was expressed on the membrane surface of J774A.1, THP-1, L-02, Hepa1-6, HEK-239 and HUVEC cells. However, the other calcium channels were not detected on the tested cell lines or platelets. There is a large distribution diversity of integrins and calcium channel proteins on the major human and mouse host cells of Leptospira species, which may be associated with the differences of leptospira-induced injury in different host cells.

Differential surface models for tactile perception of shape and on-line tracking of features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hemami, H.

1987-01-01

Tactile perception of shape involves an on-line controller and a shape perceptor. The purpose of the on-line controller is to maintain gliding or rolling contact with the surface, and collect information, or track specific features of the surface such as edges of a certain sharpness. The shape perceptor uses the information to perceive, estimate the parameters of, or recognize the shape. The differential surface model depends on the information collected and on the a priori information known about the robot and its physical parameters. These differential models are certain functionals that are projections of the dynamics of the robot onto the surface gradient or onto the tangent plane. A number of differential properties may be directly measured from present day tactile sensors. Others may have to be indirectly computed from measurements. Others may constitute design objectives for distributed tactile sensors of the future. A parameterization of the surface leads to linear and nonlinear sequential parameter estimation techniques for identification of the surface. Many interesting compromises between measurement and computation are possible.

Reevaluation of the Reliability and Usefulness of the Somatic Homologous Recombination Reporter Lines

PubMed Central

Ülker, Bekir; Hommelsheim, Carl Maximilian; Berson, Tobias; Thomas, Stefan; Chandrasekar, Balakumaran; Olcay, Ahmet Can; Berendzen, Kenneth Wayne; Frantzeskakis, Lamprinos

2012-01-01

A widely used approach for assessing genome instability in plants makes use of somatic homologous recombination (SHR) reporter lines. Here, we review the published characteristics and uses of SHR lines. We found a lack of detailed information on these lines and a lack of sufficient evidence that they report only homologous recombination. We postulate that instead of SHR, these lines might be reporting a number of alternative stress-induced stochastic events known to occur at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. We conclude that the reliability and usefulness of the somatic homologous recombination reporter lines requires revision. Thus, more detailed information about these reporter lines is needed before they can be used with confidence to measure genome instability, including the complete sequences of SHR constructs, the genomic location of reporter genes and, importantly, molecular evidence that reconstituted gene expression in these lines is indeed a result of somatic recombination. PMID:23144181

Error reduction in three-dimensional metrology combining optical and touch probe data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerde, Janice R.; Christens-Barry, William A.

2010-08-01

Analysis of footwear under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) is partly based on identifying the boundary ("parting line") between the "external surface area upper" (ESAU) and the sample's sole. Often, that boundary is obscured. We establish the parting line as the curved intersection between the sample outer surface and its insole surface. The outer surface is determined by discrete point cloud coordinates obtained using a laser scanner. The insole surface is defined by point cloud data, obtained using a touch probe device-a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Because these point cloud data sets do not overlap spatially, a polynomial surface is fitted to the insole data and extended to intersect a mesh fitted to the outer surface point cloud. This line of intersection defines the ESAU boundary, permitting further fractional area calculations to proceed. The defined parting line location is sensitive to the polynomial used to fit experimental data. Extrapolation to the intersection with the ESAU can heighten this sensitivity. We discuss a methodology for transforming these data into a common reference frame. Three scenarios are considered: measurement error in point cloud coordinates, from fitting a polynomial surface to a point cloud then extrapolating beyond the data set, and error from reference frame transformation. These error sources can influence calculated surface areas. We describe experiments to assess error magnitude, the sensitivity of calculated results on these errors, and minimizing error impact on calculated quantities. Ultimately, we must ensure that statistical error from these procedures is minimized and within acceptance criteria.

Surface Tension of Liquid Alkali, Alkaline, and Main Group Metals: Theoretical Treatment and Relationship Investigations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aqra, Fathi; Ayyad, Ahmed

2011-09-01

An improved theoretical method for calculating the surface tension of liquid metals is proposed. A recently derived equation that allows an accurate estimate of surface tension to be made for the large number of elements, based on statistical thermodynamics, is used for a means of calculating reliable values for the surface tension of pure liquid alkali, alkaline earth, and main group metals at the melting point, In order to increase the validity of the model, the surface tension of liquid lithium was calculated in the temperature range 454 K to 1300 K (181 °C to 1027 °C), where the calculated surface tension values follow a straight line behavior given by γ = 441 - 0.15 (T-Tm) (mJ m-2). The calculated surface excess entropy of liquid Li (- dγ/ dT) was found to be 0.15 mJ m-2 K-1, which agrees well with the reported experimental value (0.147 mJ/m2 K). Moreover, the relations of the calculated surface tension of alkali metals to atomic radius, heat of fusion, and specific heat capacity are described. The results are in excellent agreement with the existing experimental data.

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

14 CFR 23.393 - Loads parallel to hinge line.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) K=24 for vertical surfaces; (2) K=12 for horizontal surfaces; and (3) W=weight of the movable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loads parallel to hinge line. 23.393 Section 23.393 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

Electric field theory based approach to search-direction line definition in image segmentation: application to optimal femur-tibia cartilage segmentation in knee-joint 3-D MR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Y.; Sonka, M.

2010-03-01

A novel method is presented for definition of search lines in a variety of surface segmentation approaches. The method is inspired by properties of electric field direction lines and is applicable to general-purpose n-D shapebased image segmentation tasks. Its utility is demonstrated in graph construction and optimal segmentation of multiple mutually interacting objects. The properties of the electric field-based graph construction guarantee that inter-object graph connecting lines are non-intersecting and inherently covering the entire object-interaction space. When applied to inter-object cross-surface mapping, our approach generates one-to-one and all-to-all vertex correspondent pairs between the regions of mutual interaction. We demonstrate the benefits of the electric field approach in several examples ranging from relatively simple single-surface segmentation to complex multiobject multi-surface segmentation of femur-tibia cartilage. The performance of our approach is demonstrated in 60 MR images from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), in which our approach achieved a very good performance as judged by surface positioning errors (average of 0.29 and 0.59 mm for signed and unsigned cartilage positioning errors, respectively).

Analytical Models of Exoplanetary Atmospheres. V. Non-gray Thermal Structure with Coherent Scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohandas, Gopakumar; Pessah, Martin E.; Heng, Kevin

2018-05-01

We apply the picket fence treatment to model the effects brought about by spectral lines on the thermal structure of irradiated atmospheres. The lines may be due to pure absorption processes, pure coherent scattering processes, or some combination of absorption and scattering. If the lines arise as a pure absorption process, the surface layers of the atmosphere are cooler, whereas this surface cooling is completely absent if the lines are due to pure coherent isotropic scattering. The lines also lead to a warming of the deeper atmosphere. The warming of the deeper layers is, however, independent of the nature of line formation. Accounting for coherent isotropic scattering in the shortwave and longwave continuum results in anti-greenhouse cooling and greenhouse warming on an atmosphere-wide scale. The effects of coherent isotropic scattering in the line and continuum operate in tandem to determine the resulting thermal structure of the irradiated atmosphere.

Development and Validation of an On-Line Water Toxicity Sensor with Immobilized Luminescent Bacteria for On-Line Surface Water Monitoring

PubMed Central

Woutersen, Marjolijn; van der Gaag, Bram; Abrafi Boakye, Afua; Mink, Jan; Marks, Robert S.; Wagenvoort, Arco J.; Ketelaars, Henk A. M.; Brouwer, Bram; Heringa, Minne B.

2017-01-01

Surface water used for drinking water production is frequently monitored in The Netherlands using whole organism biomonitors, with for example Daphnia magna or Dreissena mussels, which respond to changes in the water quality. However, not all human-relevant toxic compounds can be detected by these biomonitors. Therefore, a new on-line biosensor has been developed, containing immobilized genetically modified bacteria, which respond to genotoxicity in the water by emitting luminescence. The performance of this sensor was tested under laboratory conditions, as well as under field conditions at a monitoring station along the river Meuse in The Netherlands. The sensor was robust and easy to clean, with inert materials, temperature control and nutrient feed for the reporter organisms. The bacteria were immobilized in sol-gel on either an optical fiber or a glass slide and then continuously exposed to water. Since the glass slide was more sensitive and robust, only this setup was used in the field. The sensor responded to spikes of genotoxic compounds in the water with a minimal detectable concentration of 0.01 mg/L mitomycin C in the laboratory and 0.1 mg/L mitomycin C in the field. With further optimization, which should include a reduction in daily maintenance, the sensor has the potential to become a useful addition to the currently available biomonitors. PMID:29165334

Development and Validation of an On-Line Water Toxicity Sensor with Immobilized Luminescent Bacteria for On-Line Surface Water Monitoring.

PubMed

Woutersen, Marjolijn; van der Gaag, Bram; Abrafi Boakye, Afua; Mink, Jan; Marks, Robert S; Wagenvoort, Arco J; Ketelaars, Henk A M; Brouwer, Bram; Heringa, Minne B

2017-11-22

Surface water used for drinking water production is frequently monitored in The Netherlands using whole organism biomonitors, with for example Daphnia magna or Dreissena mussels, which respond to changes in the water quality. However, not all human-relevant toxic compounds can be detected by these biomonitors. Therefore, a new on-line biosensor has been developed, containing immobilized genetically modified bacteria, which respond to genotoxicity in the water by emitting luminescence. The performance of this sensor was tested under laboratory conditions, as well as under field conditions at a monitoring station along the river Meuse in The Netherlands. The sensor was robust and easy to clean, with inert materials, temperature control and nutrient feed for the reporter organisms. The bacteria were immobilized in sol-gel on either an optical fiber or a glass slide and then continuously exposed to water. Since the glass slide was more sensitive and robust, only this setup was used in the field. The sensor responded to spikes of genotoxic compounds in the water with a minimal detectable concentration of 0.01 mg/L mitomycin C in the laboratory and 0.1 mg/L mitomycin C in the field. With further optimization, which should include a reduction in daily maintenance, the sensor has the potential to become a useful addition to the currently available biomonitors.

1.4 µm-Thick Transparent Radio Frequency Transmission Lines Based on Instant Fusion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Through Surface of Ag Nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Sang-Woo; Kim, Kwang-Seok; Park, Myeongkoo; Nah, Wansoo; Kim, Dae Up; Lee, Cheul-Ro; Jung, Seung-Boo; Kim, Jong-Woong

2018-05-01

Though a percolated network of silver nanowires (AgNWs) has been considered the most promising flexible transparent electrode because of it high conductivity, high transmittance, and excellent flexibility, fabrication of AgNW-based transmission lines designed to conduct high frequency signals has been scarcely reported. The fabrication and performance of extremely thin (1.4 µm thick) and low lossy (smaller than - 17 dB for reflection coefficient corresponding to 2.5 GHz) transmission lines with unprecedented transparency (higher than 90% for the entire visible light spectrum) are demonstrated in this study. AgNWs deposited onto a 1.4 µm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheet were irradiated by intense-pulsed-light to selectively raise their temperature. The intensive photon energy delivered to the AgNWs simultaneously caused the active diffusion of Ag atoms and plasmonic welding, resulting in large drops in resistivity without drastic changes in their physical shape or the optical transmittance of the films. Furthermore, absorption of heat also thermally activated the underlying polymer and causing it to react with the surface of the AgNWs—this results in enhanced adhesion between the AgNWs and the PET. Measurements and simulation of specially designed coplanar waveguide circuits revealed that the fabricated electrode could simultaneously provide excellent transmission characteristics and mechanical stability and transparency.

Periodic optical variability and debris accretion in white dwarfs: a test for a causal connection*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hallakoun, Na'ama; Maoz, Dan; Agol, Eric; Brown, Warren R.; Dufour, Patrick; Farihi, Jay; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Kilic, Mukremin; Kosakowski, Alekzander; Loeb, Abraham; Mazeh, Tsevi; Mullally, Fergal

2018-05-01

Recent Kepler photometry has revealed that about half of white dwarfs (WDs) have periodic, low-level (˜10-4 - 10-3), optical variations. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ultraviolet spectroscopy has shown that up to about one half of WDs are actively accreting rocky planetary debris, as evidenced by the presence of photospheric metal absorption lines. We have obtained HST ultraviolet spectra of seven WDs that have been monitored for periodic variations, to test the hypothesis that these two phenomena are causally connected, i.e. that the optical periodic modulation is caused by WD rotation coupled with an inhomogeneous surface distribution of accreted metals. We detect photospheric metals in four out of the seven WDs. However, we find no significant correspondence between the existence of optical periodic variability and the detection of photospheric ultraviolet absorption lines. Thus, the null hypothesis stands, that the two phenomena are not directly related. Some other source of WD surface inhomogeneity, perhaps related to magnetic field strength, combined with the WD rotation, or alternatively effects due to close binary companions, may be behind the observed optical modulation. We report the marginal detection of molecular hydrogen in WD J1949+4734, only the fourth known WD with detected H2 lines. We also re-classify J1926+4219 as a carbon-rich He-sdO subdwarf.

PHIBSS: MOLECULAR GAS, EXTINCTION, STAR FORMATION, AND KINEMATICS IN THE z = 1.5 STAR-FORMING GALAXY EGS13011166

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Genzel, R.; Tacconi, L. J.; Kurk, J.

We report matched resolution imaging spectroscopy of the CO 3-2 line (with the IRAM Plateau de Bure millimeter interferometer) and of the H{alpha} line (with LUCI at the Large Binocular Telescope) in the massive z = 1.53 main-sequence galaxy EGS 13011166, as part of the ''Plateau de Bure high-z, blue-sequence survey'' (PHIBSS: Tacconi et al.). We combine these data with Hubble Space Telescope V-I-J-H-band maps to derive spatially resolved distributions of stellar surface density, star formation rate, molecular gas surface density, optical extinction, and gas kinematics. The spatial distribution and kinematics of the ionized and molecular gas are remarkably similarmore » and are well modeled by a turbulent, globally Toomre unstable, rotating disk. The stellar surface density distribution is smoother than the clumpy rest-frame UV/optical light distribution and peaks in an obscured, star-forming massive bulge near the dynamical center. The molecular gas surface density and the effective optical screen extinction track each other and are well modeled by a ''mixed'' extinction model. The inferred slope of the spatially resolved molecular gas to star formation rate relation, N = dlog{Sigma}{sub starform}/dlog{Sigma}{sub molgas}, depends strongly on the adopted extinction model, and can vary from 0.8 to 1.7. For the preferred mixed dust-gas model, we find N = 1.14 {+-} 0.1.« less

Effect of sealer coating and storage methods on the surface roughness of soft liners.

PubMed

Usta Kutlu, Ilknur; Yanikoğlu, Nuran Dinckal; Kul, Esra; Duymuş, Zeynep Yesïl; Sağsöz, Nurdan Polat

2016-03-01

A soft lining is applied under a removable prosthesis for various reasons. The porosity of the lining material may increase colonization by microorganisms and cause tissue inflammation. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of sealer coating on the surface roughness of soft lining materials under 4 different conditions. A total of 125 specimens were prepared. One high-temperature silicone-based soft lining material and 2 room-temperature-polymerized soft lining materials (1 silicone-based and 1 methacrylate-based) were used. Twenty-five specimens of each room-temperature soft lining material were coated with 2 layers of surface sealer. Additionally, 5 specimens of each material were stored in either distilled water, Coca-Cola, denture cleanser, saliva, or air. The surface roughness was measured at baseline and after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. Surface roughness values were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Bonferroni multiple comparison test was performed using time-dependent groups and storage methods. In the time-dependent groups, methacrylate-based sealer-coated soft liners exhibited a significant increase in roughness (1.74-2.09 μm, P<.001), and silicone-based sealer-coated soft liners exhibited a decrease in roughness, but it was not significant (2.16-2.02 μm, P>.05). Therefore, the sealer coating was not effective in reducing surface roughness. Among the time-dependent storage methods, the denture cleanser exhibited an almost significant increase in roughness (1.83-1.99 μm, P=.054). Coca-Cola and artificial saliva did not show a significant difference (P>.05). However, a significant decrease in roughness was found with distilled water (P=.02) and air (P<.001). Statistically significant differences in surface roughness were found among the different types of soft liners. The sealer coating had no significant effect, and denture cleanser slightly increased the surface roughness. Contrary to expectations, the roughness did not increase in all groups over time. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 75.705 - Work on high-voltage lines; deenergizing and grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Work on high-voltage lines; deenergizing and... Work on high-voltage lines; deenergizing and grounding. [Statutory Provisions] High-voltage lines, both..., except that repairs may be permitted, in the case of energized surface high-voltage lines, if such...

Human hybrid hybridoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tiebout, R.F.; van Boxtel-Oosterhof, F.; Stricker, E.A.M.

1987-11-15

Hybrid hybridomas are obtained by fusion of two cells, each producing its own antibody. Several authors have reported the construction of murine hybrid hybridomas with the aim to obtain bispecific monoclonal antibodies. The authors have investigated, in a model system, the feasibility of constructing a human hybrid hybridoma. They fused two monoclonal cell lines: an ouabain-sensitive and azaserine/hypoxanthine-resistant Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human cell line that produces an IgG1kappa antibody directed against tetanus toxiod and an azaserine/hypoxanthine-sensitive and ouabain-resistant human-mouse xenohybrid cell line that produces a human IgG1lambda antibody directed against hepatitis-B surface antigen. Hybrid hybridoma cells were selected in culture mediummore » containing azaserine/hypoxanthine and ouabain. The hybrid nature of the secreted antibodies was analyzed by means of two antigen-specific immunoassay. The results show that it is possible, with the combined use of transformation and xenohybridization techniques, to construct human hybrid hybridomas that produce bispecific antibodies. Bispecific antibodies activity was measured by means of two radioimmunoassays.« less

Biotin conjugated organic molecules and proteins for cancer therapy: A review.

PubMed

Maiti, Santanu; Paira, Priyankar

2018-02-10

The main transporter for biotin is sodium dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT), which is overexpressed in various aggressive cancer cell lines such as ovarian (OV 2008, ID8), leukemia (L1210FR), mastocytoma (P815), colon (Colo-26), breast (4T1, JC, MMT06056), renal (RENCA, RD0995), and lung (M109) cancer cell lines. Furthermore, its overexpression was found higher to that of folate receptor. Therefore, biotin demand in the rapidly growing tumors is higher than normal tissues. Several biotin conjugated organic molecules has been reported here for selective delivery of the drug in cancer cell. Biotin conjugated molecules are showing higher fold of cytotoxicity in biotin positive cancer cell lines than the normal cell. Nanoparticles and polymer surface modified drugs and biotin mediated cancer theranostic strategy was highlighted in this review. The cytotoxicity and selectivity of the drug in cancer cells has enhanced after biotin conjugation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Immunochemical Proof that a Novel Rearranging Gene Encodes the T Cell Receptor δ Subunit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Band, Hamid; Hochstenbach, Frans; McLean, Joanne; Hata, Shingo; Krangel, Michael S.; Brenner, Michael B.

1987-10-01

The T cell receptor (TCR) δ protein is expressed as part of a heterodimer with TCR γ , in association with the CD3 polypeptides on a subset of functional peripheral blood T lymphocytes, thymocytes, and certain leukemic T cell lines. A monoclonal antibody directed against TCR δ was produced that binds specifically to the surface of several TCR γ δ cell lines and immunoprecipitates the TCR γ δ as a heterodimer from Triton X-100 detergent lysates and also immunoprecipitates the TCR δ subunit alone after chain separation. A candidate human TCR δ complementary DNA clone (IDP2 O-240/38), reported in a companion paper, was isolated by the subtractive library approach from a TCR γ δ cell line. This complementary DNA clone was used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide that is specifically recognized by the monoclonal antibody to TCR δ . This complementary DNA clone thus corresponds to the gene that encodes the TCR δ subunit.

Extended Analysis of the Spectrum and Term System of Be III

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jupén, C.; Meigs, A.; von Hellermann, M.; Morsi, H. W.; Beringer, M.; Mannervik, S.; Martinson, I.

We report an extended and partly revised analysis of doubly ionized beryllium, Be III. Spectra of Be were recorded at the JET fusion facility where beryllium was used as surface material in the divertor. Observations of the divertor plasma have revealed many previously unknown Be lines, of which 28 (in the range 2100-5300 Å) have been classified as Be III transitions. We have also reanalyzed beam-foil spectra of Be (1900-5500 Å), recorded during a study of inner-shell excited levels in Be II. This yielded 7 additional Be III lines. These data, together with 32 previously known lines now represent an observed term system comprising 46 levels, with relative energy value uncertainties of around 1 cm-1. The ionization energy of 1s2 1S has been determined to 1,241,243.5 ± 14 cm-1 with an estimated Lamb shift of -43 ± 14 cm-1. A complete description of the term scheme deduced from polarization and Ritz formulae is presented.

ALMA observations of Titan : Vertical and spatial distribution of nitriles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moreno, R.; Lellouch, E.; Vinatier, S.; Gurwell, M.; Moullet, A.; Lara, L. M.; Hidayat, T.

2015-10-01

We report submm observations of Titan performed with the ALMA interferometer centered at the rotational frequencies of HCN(4-3) and HNC(4-3), i.e. 354 and 362 GHz. These measurements yielded disk-resolved emission spectra of Titan with an angular resolution of ~0.47''. Titan's angular surface diameter was 0.77''. Data were acquired in summer 2012 near the greatest eastern and western elongations of Titan at a spectral resolution of 122 kHz (λ/d λ = 3106). We have obtained maps of several nitriles present in Titan' stratosphere: HCN, HC3N, CH3CN, HNC, C2H5CNand other weak lines (isotopes, vibrationnally excited lines).We will present radiative transfer analysis of the spectra acquired. With the combination of all these detected rotational lines, we will constrain the atmospheric temperature, the spatial and vertical distribution of these species, as well as isotopic ratios. Moreover, Doppler lineshift measurements will enable us to constrain the zonal wind flow in the upper atmosphere.

The Area of a Surface Generated by Revolving a Graph about Any Line

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goins, Edray Herber; Washington, Talitha M.

2013-01-01

We discuss a general formula for the area of the surface that is generated by a graph [t[subscript 0], t[subscript 1] [right arrow] [the set of real numbers][superscript 2] sending t [maps to] (x(t), y(t)) revolved around a general line L : Ax + By = C. As a corollary, we obtain a formula for the area of the surface formed by revolving y = f(x)…

New instrumentation technologies for testing the bonding of sensors to solid materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hashemian, H. M.; Shell, C. S.; Jones, C. N.

1996-01-01

This report presents the results of a comprehensive research and development project that was conducted over a three-year period to develop new technologies for testing the attachment of sensors to solid materials for the following NASA applications: (1) testing the performance of composites that are used for the lining of solid rocket motor nozzles, (2) testing the bonding of surface-mounted platinum resistance thermometers that are used on fuel and oxidizer lines of the space shuttle to detect valve leaks by monitoring temperature, (3) testing the attachment of strain gages that are used in testing the performance of space shuttle main engines, and (4) testing the thermocouples that are used for determining the performance of blast tube liner material in solid rocket boosters.

The Algol-like binary TT Hydrae - The stars, circumstellar matter, and superionized plasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plavec, Mirek J.

1988-01-01

This paper reports on superionized UV emission lines discovered in TT Hydrae (HD 97528), a semidetached eclipsing binary system in the Southern-Hemisphere sky. The list of emission lines observed is typical for interacting nondegenerate binaries of the Algol type, but with system-specific relative-intensity characteristics. The primary component of the system is a B9.5 V main-sequence star with effective temperature of 9800 K. Its mass equals 2.25 solar masses; the radius is 1.9 solar radii; and surface gravity log g equals 4.23. The secondary star has a mass of 0.41 solar mass and fills its critical Roche lobe. Evidence obtained on mass interaction supports the conclusion that HD 97528 is a normal semidetached system.

Surface plasmon resonance induced enhancement of photoluminescence and Raman line intensity in SnS quantum dot-Sn nanoparticle hybrid structure.

PubMed

Warrier, Anita R; Gandhimathi, R

2018-04-27

In this article, we report on enhancement in photoluminescence and Raman line intensity of SnS quantum dots embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures. SnS nanoparticles synthesized by homogenous precipitation method show strong quantum confinement with a band gap of ∼2.7 eV (blue shift of ∼1 eV compared to bulk SnS particles). The optical band gap of SnS quantum dots is controlled by varying the pH (∼0 to 2.25), ageing time (24 to 144 h) and molarity (0 to 2 M) of the precursors. These SnS nanoparticles are embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures which are synthesized from tin chloride by using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The Sn nanostructures have a morphology dependent, tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ranging from UV (∼295 nm) to visible region (∼400 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the SnS-Sn nanohybrids, the excitons are strongly coupled with plasmons leading to a shift in the excitonic binding energy (∼400 meV). The pure SnS quantum dots have a very weak photoluminescence peak at ∼560 nm and Raman shift of low intensity at 853.08 cm -1 , 1078.17 cm -1 , 1255.60 cm -1 , 1466.91 cm -1 . The coupling of SnS nanoparticles with Sn nanoparticles results in strong exciton-plasmon interactions leading to enhanced photoluminescence and Raman line intensity. The nanohybrids formed using Sn nanosheets whose SPR matches with absorption onset of the SnS nanoparticles shows an enhancement of ∼10 4 times higher than pure SnS nanoparticles. Thus, Sn nanosheet with surface plasmon resonance in visible region (400 nm) like Au and Ag is a promising material for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, plasmon assisted fluorescence imaging and for enhancing the emission intensity of semiconductors with weak emission intensity.

Surface plasmon resonance induced enhancement of photoluminescence and Raman line intensity in SnS quantum dot-Sn nanoparticle hybrid structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warrier, Anita R.; Gandhimathi, R.

2018-07-01

In this article, we report on enhancement in photoluminescence and Raman line intensity of SnS quantum dots embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures. SnS nanoparticles synthesized by homogenous precipitation method show strong quantum confinement with a band gap of ∼2.7 eV (blue shift of ∼1 eV compared to bulk SnS particles). The optical band gap of SnS quantum dots is controlled by varying the pH (∼0 to 2.25), ageing time (24 to 144 h) and molarity (0 to 2 M) of the precursors. These SnS nanoparticles are embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures which are synthesized from tin chloride by using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The Sn nanostructures have a morphology dependent, tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ranging from UV (∼295 nm) to visible region (∼400 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the SnS-Sn nanohybrids, the excitons are strongly coupled with plasmons leading to a shift in the excitonic binding energy (∼400 meV). The pure SnS quantum dots have a very weak photoluminescence peak at ∼560 nm and Raman shift of low intensity at 853.08 cm‑1, 1078.17 cm‑1, 1255.60 cm‑1, 1466.91 cm‑1. The coupling of SnS nanoparticles with Sn nanoparticles results in strong exciton-plasmon interactions leading to enhanced photoluminescence and Raman line intensity. The nanohybrids formed using Sn nanosheets whose SPR matches with absorption onset of the SnS nanoparticles shows an enhancement of ∼104 times higher than pure SnS nanoparticles. Thus, Sn nanosheet with surface plasmon resonance in visible region (400 nm) like Au and Ag is a promising material for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, plasmon assisted fluorescence imaging and for enhancing the emission intensity of semiconductors with weak emission intensity.

Gold Nano Popcorn Attached SWCNT Hybrid Nanomaterial for Targeted Diagnosis and Photothermal Therapy of Human Breast Cancer Cells

PubMed Central

Beqa, Lule; Fan, Zhen; Singh, Anant Kumar; Senapati, Dulal; Ray, Paresh Chandra

2011-01-01

Breast cancer presents greatest challenge in health care in today’s world. The key to ultimately successful treatment of breast cancer disease is an early and accurate diagnosis. Current breast cancer treatments are often associated with severe side effects. Driven by the need, we report the design of novel hybrid nanomaterial using gold nano popcorn-attached single wall carbon nanotube for targeted diagnosis and selective photothermal treatment. Targeted SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell sensing have been performed in 10 cancer cells/mL level, using surface enhanced Raman scattering of single walls carbon nanotube’s D and G bands. Our data show that S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterial based SERS assay is highly sensitive to targeted human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line and it will be able to distinguish it from other non targeted MDA-MB breast cancer cell line and HaCaT normal skin cell line. Our results also show that 10 minutes of photothermal therapy treatment by 1.5 W/cm2 power, 785 nm laser is enough to kill cancer cells very effectively using S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterials. Possible mechanisms for targeted sensing and operating principle for highly efficient photothermal therapy have been discussed. Our experimental results reported here open up a new possibility for using aptamers modified hybrid nanomaterial for reliable diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer cell lines quickly. PMID:21842867

Gold nano-popcorn attached SWCNT hybrid nanomaterial for targeted diagnosis and photothermal therapy of human breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Beqa, Lule; Fan, Zhen; Singh, Anant Kumar; Senapati, Dulal; Ray, Paresh Chandra

2011-09-01

Breast cancer presents greatest challenge in health care in today's world. The key to ultimately successful treatment of breast cancer disease is an early and accurate diagnosis. Current breast cancer treatments are often associated with severe side effects. Driven by the need, we report the design of novel hybrid nanomaterial using gold nano popcorn-attached single wall carbon nanotube for targeted diagnosis and selective photothermal treatment. Targeted SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell sensing have been performed in 10 cancer cells/mL level, using surface enhanced Raman scattering of single walls carbon nanotube's D and G bands. Our data show that S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterial based SERS assay is highly sensitive to targeted human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line and it will be able to distinguish it from other non targeted MDA-MB breast cancer cell line and HaCaT normal skin cell line. Our results also show that 10 min of photothermal therapy treatment by 1.5 W/cm(2) power, 785 nm laser is enough to kill cancer cells very effectively using S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterials. Possible mechanisms for targeted sensing and operating principle for highly efficient photothermal therapy have been discussed. Our experimental results reported here open up a new possibility for using aptamers modified hybrid nanomaterial for reliable diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer cell lines quickly.

Accurate Theoretical Methane Line Lists in the Infrared up to 3000 K and Quasi-continuum Absorption/Emission Modeling for Astrophysical Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rey, Michael; Nikitin, Andrei V.; Tyuterev, Vladimir G.

2017-10-01

Modeling atmospheres of hot exoplanets and brown dwarfs requires high-T databases that include methane as the major hydrocarbon. We report a complete theoretical line list of 12CH4 in the infrared range 0-13,400 cm-1 up to T max = 3000 K computed via a full quantum-mechanical method from ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Over 150 billion transitions were generated with the lower rovibrational energy cutoff 33,000 cm-1 and intensity cutoff down to 10-33 cm/molecule to ensure convergent opacity predictions. Empirical corrections for 3.7 million of the strongest transitions permitted line position accuracies of 0.001-0.01 cm-1. Full data are partitioned into two sets. “Light lists” contain strong and medium transitions necessary for an accurate description of sharp features in absorption/emission spectra. For a fast and efficient modeling of quasi-continuum cross sections, billions of tiny lines are compressed in “super-line” libraries according to Rey et al. These combined data will be freely accessible via the TheoReTS information system (http://theorets.univ-reims.fr, http://theorets.tsu.ru), which provides a user-friendly interface for simulations of absorption coefficients, cross-sectional transmittance, and radiance. Comparisons with cold, room, and high-T experimental data show that the data reported here represent the first global theoretical methane lists suitable for high-resolution astrophysical applications.

Efficient transfer of genetic material into mammalian cells using Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers.

PubMed Central

Kukowska-Latallo, J F; Bielinska, A U; Johnson, J; Spindler, R; Tomalia, D A; Baker, J R

1996-01-01

Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers are a new class of synthetic polymers with unique structural and physical characteristics. These polymers were investigated for the ability to bind DNA and enhance DNA transfer and expression in a variety of mammalian cell lines. Twenty different types of polyamidoamine dendrimers were synthesized, and the polymer structure was confirmed using well-defined analytical techniques. The efficiency of plasmid DNA transfection using dendrimers was examined using two reporter gene systems: firefly luciferase and bacterial beta-galactosidase. The transfections were performed using various dendrimers, and levels of expression of the reporter protein were determined. Highly efficient transfection of a broad range of eukaryotic cells and cell lines was achieved with minimal cytotoxicity using the DNA/dendrimer complexes. However, the ability to transfect cells was restricted to certain types of dendrimers and in some situations required the presence of additional compounds, such as DEAE-dextran, that appeared to alter the nature of the complex. A few cell lines demonstrated enhanced transfection with the addition of chloroquine, indicating endosomal localization of the complexes. The capability of a dendrimer to transfect cells appeared to depend on the size, shape, and number of primary amino groups on the surface of the polymer. However, the specific dendrimer most efficient in achieving transfection varied between different types of cells. These studies demonstrate that Starburst dendrimers can transfect a wide variety of cell types in vitro and offer an efficient method for producing permanently transfected cell lines. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 PMID:8643500

New triple oxygen isotope data of bulk and separated fractions from SNC meteorites: Evidence for mantle homogeneity of Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Arshad; Jabeen, Iffat; Gregory, David; Verish, Robert; Banerjee, Neil R.

2016-05-01

We report precise triple oxygen isotope data of bulk materials and separated fractions of several Shergotty-Nakhla-Chassigny (SNC) meteorites using enhanced laser-assisted fluorination technique. This study shows that SNCs have remarkably identical Δ17O and a narrow range in δ18O values suggesting that these meteorites have assimilated negligibly small surface materials (<5%), which is undetectable in the oxygen isotope compositions reported here. Also, fractionation factors in coexisting silicate mineral pairs (px-ol and mask-ol) further demonstrate isotopic equilibrium at magmatic temperatures. We present a mass-dependent fractionation line for bulk materials with a slope of 0.526 ± 0.016 (1SE) comparable to the slope obtained in an earlier study (0.526 ± 0.013; Franchi et al. 1999). We also present a new Martian fractionation line for SNCs constructed from separated fractions (i.e., pyroxene, olivine, and maskelynite) with a slope of 0.532 ± 0.009 (1SE). The identical fractionation lines run above and parallel to our terrestrial fractionation line with Δ17O = 0.318 ± 0.016‰ (SD) for bulk materials and 0.316 ± 0.009‰ (SD) for separated fractions. The conformity in slopes and Δ17O between bulk materials and separated fractions confirm oxygen isotope homogeneity in the Martian mantle though recent studies suggest that the Martian lithosphere may potentially have multiple oxygen isotope reservoirs.

Modular support blocks for fluid lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dimino, J. M.; Deskin, R. D.

1974-01-01

Modular line block comprises matched modular elements machined to accept fluid lines of different diameters. Modules can support different fluid-line configurations. Top and bottom surfaces are machined to accept dovetail strip used for holding modules together. End modules have holes drilled through to accept fastening screws.

Gamma-ray lines from neutron stars as probes of fundamental physics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brecher, K.

1978-01-01

The detection of gamma-ray lines produced at the surface of neutron stars will serve to test both the strong and gravitational interactions under conditions unavailable in terrestrial laboratories. Observation of a single redshifted gamma-ray line, combined with an estimate of the mass of the star will serve as a strong constraint on allowable equations of state of matter at supernuclear densities. Detection of two redshifted lines arising from different physical processes at the neutron star surface can provide a test of the strong principle of equivalence. Expected fluxes of nuclear gamma-ray lines from accreting neutron stars were calculated, including threshold, radiative transfer and redshift effects. The most promising probes of neutron star structure are the deuterium formation line and the positron annihilation line. Detection of sharp redshifted gamma-ray lines from X-ray sources such as Cyg X-1 would argue strongly in favor of a neutron star rather than black hole identification for the object.

CD40 expression in Wehi-164 cell line

PubMed Central

Ebadi, Padideh; Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar; Soheili, Zahra Soheila; Moazzeni, Seyed Mohammad

2010-01-01

CD40-CD154 interaction is an important process for cellular and humoral immunity regulation and can be effective in the body’s defense against tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of CD40 in Wehi-164 cell line. CD40 expressions on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm were assessed by flow cytometry and intracellular staining assay, respectively. Also, the mRNA expression was identified by real time-PCR. The obtained results showed the high mRNA and cytoplasmic protein expression of CD40 but no surface expression. These results suggest that the Wehi-164 cell line down regulates expression of CD40 on the surface for evasion of immune system. PMID:20496113

CD40 expression in Wehi-164 cell line.

PubMed

Karimi, Mohammad Hossein; Ebadi, Padideh; Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar; Soheili, Zahra Soheila; Moazzeni, Seyed Mohammad

2010-07-01

CD40-CD154 interaction is an important process for cellular and humoral immunity regulation and can be effective in the body's defense against tumors. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of CD40 in Wehi-164 cell line. CD40 expressions on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm were assessed by flow cytometry and intracellular staining assay, respectively. Also, the mRNA expression was identified by real time-PCR. The obtained results showed the high mRNA and cytoplasmic protein expression of CD40 but no surface expression. These results suggest that the Wehi-164 cell line down regulates expression of CD40 on the surface for evasion of immune system.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Thermally Augmented Nanodroplet Motion on Chemical Energy Induced Wettability Gradient Surfaces.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Monojit; Chowdhury, Anamika; Bhusan, Richa; DasGupta, Sunando

2015-10-20

Droplet motion on a surface with chemical energy induced wettability gradient has been simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to highlight the underlying physics of molecular movement near the solid-liquid interface including the contact line friction. The simulations mimic experiments in a comprehensive manner wherein microsized droplets are propelled by the surface wettability gradient against forces opposed to motion. The liquid-wall Lennard-Jones interaction parameter and the substrate temperature are varied to explore their effects on the three-phase contact line friction coefficient. The contact line friction is observed to be a strong function of temperature at atomistic scales, confirming their experimentally observed inverse functionality. Additionally, the MD simulation results are successfully compared with those from an analytical model for self-propelled droplet motion on gradient surfaces.

First Year Sedimentological Characteristics and Morphological Evolution of an Artificial Berm at Fort Myers Beach, Florida

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-17

collected in the berm area. In the control areas, surface sediment samples were taken at approximately the toe of the dune (where present...In the berm area, surface sediment samples were taken at approximately the toe of the dune (where 29   present), backbeach, high tide line, mean...samples were taken at approximately the toe of the dune (where present), backbeach, high tide line, mean sea level, low tide line, 2 ft water depth

The Processing and Mechanical Properties of High Temperature/High Performance Composites. Book 2, Section 2: Strength and Fracture Resistance

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-15

tensions of. the integral equawin methods used in these earlier papers. Cook and Erdogan (1972) and Erdogan and Diniakolo (1973) investigate the...main crack impinging the interface at right angles. Additional work along these same lines is reported by Lu and Erdogan (1963). The tendency for a...crack approaching an interface or a free surface at 3n oblique unlet to be deflected one way or the other has been elucidated by itudics or Erdogan and

Highly sensitive antenna using inkjet overprinting with particle-free conductive inks.

PubMed

Komoda, Natsuki; Nogi, Masaya; Suganuma, Katsuaki; Otsuka, Kanji

2012-11-01

Printed antennas with low signal losses and fast response in high-frequency bands have been required. Here we reported on highly sensitive antennas using additive patterning of particle-free metallo-organic decomposition silver inks. Inkjet overprinting of metallo-organic decomposition inks onto copper foil and silver nanowire line produced antenna with mirror surfaces. As a result, the overprinted antennas decreased their return losses at 0.5-4.0 GHz and increased the speed of data communication in WiFi network.

Solar Polar Jets Driven by Magnetic Reconnection, Gravity, and Wind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeVore, C. Richard; Karpen, Judith T.; Antiochos, Spiro K.

2014-06-01

Polar jets are dynamic, narrow, radially extended structures observed in solar EUV emission near the limb. They originate within the open field of coronal holes in “anemone” regions, which are intrusions of opposite magnetic polarity. The key topological feature is a magnetic null point atop a dome-shaped fan surface of field lines. Applied stresses readily distort the null into a current patch, eventually inducing interchange reconnection between the closed and open fields inside and outside the fan surface (Antiochos 1996). Previously, we demonstrated that magnetic free energy stored on twisted closed field lines inside the fan surface is released explosively by the onset of fast reconnection across the current patch (Pariat et al. 2009, 2010). A dense jet comprised of a nonlinear, torsional Alfvén wave is ejected into the outer corona along the newly reconnected open field lines. Now we are extending those exploratory simulations by including the effects of solar gravity, solar wind, and expanding spherical geometry. We find that the model remains robust in the resulting more complex setting, with explosive energy release and dense jet formation occurring in the low corona due to the onset of a kink-like instability, as found in the earlier Cartesian, gravity-free, static-atmosphere cases. The spherical-geometry jet including gravity and wind propagates far more rapidly into the outer corona and inner heliosphere than a comparison jet simulation that excludes those effects. We report detailed analyses of our new results, compare them with previous work, and discuss the implications for understanding remote and in-situ observations of solar polar jets.This work was supported by NASA’s LWS TR&T program.

Wetting of flat gradient surfaces.

PubMed

Bormashenko, Edward

2018-04-01

Gradient, chemically modified, flat surfaces enable directed transport of droplets. Calculation of apparent contact angles inherent for gradient surfaces is challenging even for atomically flat ones. Wetting of gradient, flat solid surfaces is treated within the variational approach, under which the contact line is free to move along the substrate. Transversality conditions of the variational problem give rise to the generalized Young equation valid for gradient solid surfaces. The apparent (equilibrium) contact angle of a droplet, placed on a gradient surface depends on the radius of the contact line and the values of derivatives of interfacial tensions. The linear approximation of the problem is considered. It is demonstrated that the contact angle hysteresis is inevitable on gradient surfaces. Electrowetting of gradient surfaces is discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modeling Reconnection-Driven Solar Polar Jets with Gravity and Wind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karpen, Judith T.; DeVore, C. R.; Antiochos, S. K.

2013-07-01

Solar polar jets are dynamic, narrow, radially extended structures observed in EUV emission. They have been found to originate within the open magnetic field of coronal holes in “anemone” regions, which are generally accepted to be intrusions of opposite polarity. The associated embedded-dipole topology consists of a spine line emanating from a null point atop a dome-shaped fan surface. Previous work (Pariat et al. 2009, 2010) has validated the idea that magnetic free energy stored on twisted closed field lines within the fan surface can be released explosively by the onset of fast reconnection between the highly stressed closed field inside the null and the unstressed open field outside (Antiochos 1996). The simulations showed that a dense jet comprising a nonlinear, torsional Alfven wave is ejected into the outer corona on the newly reconnected open field lines. While proving the principle of the basic model, those simulations neglected the important effects of gravity, the solar wind, and an expanding spherical geometry. We introduce those additional physical processes in new simulations of reconnection-driven jets, to determine whether the model remains robust in the resulting more realistic setting, and to begin establishing the signatures of the jets in the inner heliosphere for comparison with observations. Initial results demonstrate explosive energy release and a jet in the low corona very much like that in the earlier Cartesian, gravity-free, static-atmosphere runs. We report our analysis of the results, their comparison with previous work, and their implications for observations. This work was supported by NASA’s LWS TR&T program.Abstract (2,250 Maximum Characters): Solar polar jets are dynamic, narrow, radially extended structures observed in EUV emission. They have been found to originate within the open magnetic field of coronal holes in “anemone” regions, which are generally accepted to be intrusions of opposite polarity. The associated embedded-dipole topology consists of a spine line emanating from a null point atop a dome-shaped fan surface. Previous work (Pariat et al. 2009, 2010) has validated the idea that magnetic free energy stored on twisted closed field lines within the fan surface can be released explosively by the onset of fast reconnection between the highly stressed closed field inside the null and the unstressed open field outside (Antiochos 1996). The simulations showed that a dense jet comprising a nonlinear, torsional Alfven wave is ejected into the outer corona on the newly reconnected open field lines. While proving the principle of the basic model, those simulations neglected the important effects of gravity, the solar wind, and an expanding spherical geometry. We introduce those additional physical processes in new simulations of reconnection-driven jets, to determine whether the model remains robust in the resulting more realistic setting, and to begin establishing the signatures of the jets in the inner heliosphere for comparison with observations. Initial results demonstrate explosive energy release and a jet in the low corona very much like that in the earlier Cartesian, gravity-free, static-atmosphere runs. We report our analysis of the results, their comparison with previous work, and their implications for observations. This work was supported by NASA’s LWS TR&T program.

Meltwater Evolution during Defrosting on Superhydrophobic Surfaces.

PubMed

Chu, Fuqiang; Wu, Xiaomin; Wang, Lingli

2018-01-10

Defrosting is essential for removing frost from engineering surfaces, but some fundamental issues are still unclear, especially for defrosting on superhydrophobic surfaces. Here, defrosting experiments on prepared superhydrophobic surfaces were conducted along with the investigation on meltwater evolution characteristics. According to the experiments, the typical meltwater evolution process on superhydrophobic surfaces can be divided into two stages: dewetting by edge curling and dewetting by shrinkage. The edge curling of a meltwater film is a distinct phenomenon and has been first reported in this work. Profiting from the ultralow adhesion of the superhydrophobic surface, edge curling is mainly attributed to two unbalanced forces (one at the interface between the ice slurry layer and pure water layer and the other in the triple phase line area) acting on the layered meltwater film. During the multi-meltwater evolution process, the nonbreaking of chained droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces is also an interesting phenomenon, which is controlled by the interaction between the surface tension and the retentive force because of contact angle hysteresis. An approximate criterion was then developed to explain and determine the status of chained droplets, and experimental data from various surfaces have validated the effectiveness of this criterion. This work may deepen the understanding of defrosting on superhydrophobic surfaces and promote antifrosting/icing applications in engineering.

Observation of a nodal chain with Dirac surface states in Ti B2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, C.-J.; Lv, B. Q.; Wu, Q. S.; Fu, B.-B.; Gao, X.; Yang, M.; Peng, X.-L.; Li, M.; Huang, Y.-B.; Richard, P.; Shi, M.; Li, G.; Yazyev, Oleg V.; Shi, Y.-G.; Qian, T.; Ding, H.

2018-05-01

Topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs) are characterized by symmetry-protected band crossings extending along one-dimensional lines in momentum space. The nodal lines exhibit a variety of possible configurations, such as nodal ring, nodal link, nodal chain, and nodal knot. Here, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we observe nodal rings on the orthogonal kz=0 and kx=0 planes of the Brillouin zone in Ti B2 . The nodal rings connect with each other on the intersecting line Γ-K of the orthogonal planes forming a remarkable nodal-chain structure. Furthermore, we observe surface states (SSs) on the (001) cleaved surface, which are consistent with the calculated SSs considering the contribution from both Ti and B terminations. The calculated SSs have novel Dirac-cone-like band structures, which are distinct from the usual drumhead SSs with a single flatband proposed in other TNLSMs.

Coronal Structures in Cool Stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oliversen, Ronald (Technical Monitor); Dupree, Andrea K.

2004-01-01

Many papers have been published that further elucidate the structure of coronas in cool stars as determined from EUVE, HST, FUSE, Chandra, and XMM-Newton observations. In addition we are exploring the effects of coronas on the He I 1083081 transition that is observed in the infrared. Highlights of these are summarized below including publications during this reporting period and presentations. Ground-based magnetic Doppler imaging of cool stars suggests that active stars have active regions located at high latitudes on their surface. We have performed similar imaging in X-ray to locate the sites of enhanced activity using Chandra spectra. Chandra HETG observations of the bright eclipsing contact binary 44i Boo and Chandra LETG observations for the eclipsing binary VW Cep show X-ray line profiles that are Doppler-shifted by orbital motion. After careful analysis of the spectrum of each binary, a composite line-profile is constructed by adding the individual spectral lines. This high signal-to-noise ratio composite line-profile yields orbital velocities for these binaries that are accurate to 30 km/sec and allows their orbital motion to be studied at higher time resolutions. In conjunction with X-ray lightcurves, the phase-binned composite line-profiles constrain coronal structures to be small and located at high latitudes. These observations and techniques show the power of the Doppler Imaging Technique applied to X-ray line emission.

Establishment and characterization of a novel head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line USC-HN1.

PubMed

Liebertz, Daniel J; Lechner, Melissa G; Masood, Rizwan; Sinha, Uttam K; Han, Jing; Puri, Raj K; Correa, Adrian J; Epstein, Alan L

2010-02-22

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy. Publically available cell lines are mostly of lingual origin, or have not been carefully characterized. Detailed characterization of novel HNSCC cell lines is needed in order to provide researchers a concrete keystone on which to build their investigations. The USC-HN1 cell line was established from a primary maxillary HNSCC biopsy explant in tissue culture. The immortalized cells were then further characterized by heterotransplantation in Nude mice; immunohistochemical staining for relevant HNSCC biomarkers; flow cytometry for surface markers; cytogenetic karyotypic analysis; human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus screening; qRT-PCR for oncogene and cytokine analysis; investigation of activated, cleaved Notch1 levels; and detailed 35,000 gene microarray analysis. Characterization experiments confirmed the human HNSCC origin of USC-HN1, including a phenotype similar to the original tumor. Viral screening revealed no HPV or EBV infection, while western blotting displayed significant upregulation of activated, cleaved Notch1. USC-HN1, a novel immortalized cell line has been derived from a maxillary HNSCC. Characterization studies have shown that the cell line is of HNSCC origin and displays many of the same markers previously reported in the literature. USC-HN1 is available for public research and will further the investigation of HNSCC and the development of new therapeutic modalities.

The Impact of Diffuse Ionized Gas on Emission-line Ratios and Gas Metallicity Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Kai; Yan, Renbin; MaNGA Team

2016-01-01

Diffuse Ionized Gas (DIG) is prevalent in star-forming galaxies. Using a sample of galaxies observed by MaNGA, we demonstrate how DIG in star-forming galaxies impact the measurements of emission line ratios, hence the gas-phase metallicity measurements and the interpretation of diagnostic diagrams. We demonstrate that emission line surface brightness (SB) is a reasonably good proxy to separate HII regions from regions dominated by diffuse ionized gas. For spatially-adjacent regions or regions at the same radius, many line ratios change systematically with emission line surface brightness, reflecting a gradual increase of dominance by DIG towards low SB. DIG could significantly bias the measurement of gas metallicity and metallicity gradient. Because DIG tend to have a higher temperature than HII regions, at fixed metallicity DIG displays lower [NII]/[OII] ratios. DIG also show lower [OIII]/[OII] ratios than HII regions, due to extended partially-ionized regions that enhance all low-ionization lines ([NII], [SII], [OII], [OI]). The contamination by DIG is responsible for a substantial portion of the scatter in metallicity measurements. At different surface brightness, line ratios and line ratio gradients can differ systematically. As DIG fraction could change with radius, it can affect the metallicity gradient measurements in systematic ways. The three commonly used strong-line metallicity indicators, R23, [NII]/[OII], O3N2, are all affected in different ways. To make robust metallicity gradient measurements, one has to properly isolate HII regions and correct for DIG contamination. In line ratio diagnostic diagrams, contamination by DIG moves HII regions towards composite or LINER-like regions.

Molecular origin of contact line stick-slip motion during droplet evaporation

PubMed Central

Wang, FengChao; Wu, HengAn

2015-01-01

Understanding and controlling the motion of the contact line is of critical importance for surface science studies as well as many industrial engineering applications. In this work, we elucidate the molecular origin of contact line stick-slip motion during the evaporation of liquid droplets on flexible nano-pillared surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that the evaporation-induced stick-slip motion of the contact line is a consequence of competition between pinning and depinning forces. Furthermore, the tangential force exerted by the pillared substrate on the contact line was observed to have a sawtooth-like oscillation. Our analysis also establishes that variations in the pinning force are accomplished through the self-adaptation of solid-liquid intermolecular distances, especially for liquid molecules sitting directly on top of the solid pillar. Consistent with our theoretical analysis, molecular dynamics simulations also show that the maximum pinning force is quantitatively related to both solid-liquid adhesion strength and liquid-vapor surface tension. These observations provide a fundamental understanding of contact line stick-slip motion on pillared substrates and also give insight into the microscopic interpretations of contact angle hysteresis, wetting transitions and dynamic spreading. PMID:26628084

Simulations of horizontal roll vortex development above lines of extreme surface heating

Treesearch

W.E. Heilman; J.D. Fast

1992-01-01

A two-dimensional, nonhydrostatic, coupled, earth/atmospheric model has been used to simulate mean and turbulent atmospheric characteristics near lines of extreme surface heating. Prognostic equations are used to solve for the horizontal and vertical wind components, potential temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The model computes nonhydrostatic pressure...

Surface and subsurface inspection of food safety and quality using a line-scan Raman system

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This paper presents a line-scan Raman platform for food safety and quality research, which can be configured for Raman chemical imaging (RCI) mode for surface inspection and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) mode for subsurface inspection. In the RCI mode, macro-scale imaging was achieved u...

Atmostpheric simulations of extreme surface heating episodes on simple hills

Treesearch

W.E. Heilman

1992-01-01

A two-dimensional nonhydrostatic atmospheric model was used to simulate the circulation patterns (wind and vorticity) and turbulence energy fields associated with lines of extreme surface heating on simple two-dimensional hills. Heating-line locations and ambient crossflow conditions were varied to qualitatively determine the impact of terrain geometry on the...

Surface versus Edge-Based Determinants of Visual Recognition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Biederman, Irving; Ju, Ginny

1988-01-01

The latency at which objects could be identified by 126 subjects was compared through line drawings (edge-based) or color photography (surface depiction). The line drawing was identified about as quickly as the photograph; primal access to a mental representation of an object can be modeled from an edge-based description. (SLD)

Line-scan Raman imaging and spectroscopy platform for surface and subsurface evaluation of food safety and quality

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Both surface and subsurface food inspection is important since interesting safety and quality attributes can be at different sample locations. This paper presents a multipurpose line-scan Raman platform for food safety and quality research, which can be configured for Raman chemical imaging (RCI) mo...

Infection and propagation of lymphocystis virus isolated from the cultured flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in grass carp cell lines.

PubMed

Zhang, Qi-Ya; Ruan, Hong-Mei; Li, Zhen-Qiu; Yuan, Xiu-Ping; Gui, Jian-Fang

2003-12-03

The causative agent of lymphocystis disease that frequently occurs in cultured flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in China is lymphocystis virus (LV). In this study, 13 fish cell lines were tested for their susceptibility to LV. Of these, 2 cell lines derived from the freshwater grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus proved susceptible to the LV, and 1 cell line, GCO (grass carp ovary), was therefore used to replicate and propagate the virus. An obvious cytopathic effect (CPE) was first observed in cell monolayers at 1 d post-inoculation, and at 3 d this had extended to about 75% of the cell monolayer. However, no further CPE extension was observed after 4 d. Cytopathic characteristics induced by the LV were detected by Giemsa staining and fluorescence microscopic observation with Hoechst 33258 staining. The propagated virus particles were also observed by electron microscopy. Ultrastructure analysis revealed several distinct cellular changes, such as chromatin compaction and margination, vesicle formation, cell-surface convolution, nuclear fragmentation and the occurrence of characteristic 'blebs' and cell fusion. This study provides a detailed report of LV infection and propagation in a freshwater fish cell line, and presents direct electron microscopy evidence for propagation of the virus in infected cells. A possible process by which the CPEs are controlled is suggested.

Effect of capping agents on the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in human normal and cancer skin cell lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Netchareonsirisuk, Ponsawan; Puthong, Songchan; Dubas, Stephan; Palaga, Tanapat; Komolpis, Kittinan

2016-11-01

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely used nanomaterials in medical and consumer products. However, safety in the uses of AgNPs is still controversial. The toxicity of AgNPs toward various cell types has been reported to depend on the surface properties of the nanoparticles. In this study, the effect of AgNPs with the average size of 5-15 nm on the viability of the CCD-986SK human normal skin fibroblast cell line and A375 human malignant melanoma cell line was evaluated. Comparative toxicity studies, based on MTT assay, were performed by using either sodium alginate or poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt (PSSMA) as capping agent in the nanoparticle preparation. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that AgNO3 alone was highly toxic to both cell types while both alginate and PSSMA alone were not toxic. AgNPs capped with alginate were selectively toxic to the cancer cell line but not to the normal cell line while AgNPs capped with PSSMA were toxic to both cancer and normal cell lines. Judging from the 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50), it was found that the cancer cell line was more sensitive to AgNPs than the normal cell line. Study on the mode of cell death by annexin V and propidium iodide staining revealed that AgNPs induced more apoptotic cell death (84-90 %) than necrosis (8-12 %) in the skin cancer cell line. These results suggest that the toxicity of AgNPs depended on the type of capping agent and the type of cell line.

Using MountainsMap (Digital Surf) surface analysis software as an analysis tool for x-ray mirror optical metrology data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duffy, Alan; Yates, Brian; Takacs, Peter

2012-09-01

The Optical Metrology Facility at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) has recently purchased MountainsMap surface analysis software from Digital Surf and we report here our experiences with this package and its usefulness as a tool for examining metrology data of synchrotron x-ray mirrors. The package has a number of operators that are useful for determining surface roughness and slope error including compliance with ISO standards (viz. ISO 4287 and ISO 25178). The software is extensible with MATLAB scripts either by loading an m-file or by a user written script. This makes it possible to apply a custom operator to measurement data sets. Using this feature we have applied the simple six-line MATLAB code for the direct least square fitting of ellipses developed by Fitzgibbon et. al. to investigate the residual slope error of elliptical mirrors upon the removal of the best-fit-ellipse. The software includes support for many instruments (e.g. Zygo, MicroMap, etc...) and can import ASCII data (e.g. LTP data). The stitching module allows the user to assemble overlapping images and we report on our experiences with this feature applied to MicroMap surface roughness data. The power spectral density function was determined for the stitched and unstitched data and compared.

Regulation of CD93 cell surface expression by protein kinase C isoenzymes.

PubMed

Ikewaki, Nobunao; Kulski, Jerzy K; Inoko, Hidetoshi

2006-01-01

Human CD93, also known as complement protein 1, q subcomponent, receptor (C1qRp), is selectively expressed by cells with a myeloid lineage, endothelial cells, platelets, and microglia and was originally reported to be involved in the complement protein 1, q subcomponent (C1q)-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis. The intracellular molecular events responsible for the regulation of its expression on the cell surface, however, have not been determined. In this study, the effect of protein kinases in the regulation of CD93 expression on the cell surface of a human monocyte-like cell line (U937), a human NK-like cell line (KHYG-1), and a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUV-EC-C) was investigated using four types of protein kinase inhibitors, the classical protein kinase C (cPKC) inhibitor Go6976, the novel PKC (nPKC) inhibitor Rottlerin, the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 and the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor herbimycin A at their optimum concentrations for 24 hr. CD93 expression was analyzed using flow cytometry and glutaraldehyde-fixed cellular enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) techniques utilizing a CD93 monoclonal antibody (mAb), mNI-11, that was originally established in our laboratory as a CD93 detection probe. The nPKC inhibitor Rottlerin strongly down-regulated CD93 expression on the U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the other inhibitors had little or no effect. CD93 expression was down-regulated by Go6976, but not by Rottlerin, in the KHYG-1 cells and by both Rottlerin and Go6976 in the HUV-EC-C cells. The PKC stimulator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), strongly up-regulated CD93 expression on the cell surface of all three cell-lines and induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by the U937 cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by the KHYG-1 cells. In addition, both Go6976 and Rottlerin inhibited the up-regulation of CD93 expression induced by PMA and IL-8 or IFN-gamma production in the respective cell-lines. Whereas recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) slightly up-regulated CD93 expression on the U937 cells, recombinant interleukin-1beta (rIL-1beta), recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had no effect. Taken together, these findings indicate that the regulation of CD93 expression on these cells involves the PKC isoenzymes.

Targeting RAS-driven human cancer cells with antibodies to upregulated and essential cell-surface proteins.

PubMed

Martinko, Alexander J; Truillet, Charles; Julien, Olivier; Diaz, Juan E; Horlbeck, Max A; Whiteley, Gordon; Blonder, Josip; Weissman, Jonathan S; Bandyopadhyay, Sourav; Evans, Michael J; Wells, James A

2018-01-23

While there have been tremendous efforts to target oncogenic RAS signaling from inside the cell, little effort has focused on the cell-surface. Here, we used quantitative surface proteomics to reveal a signature of proteins that are upregulated on cells transformed with KRAS G12V , and driven by MAPK pathway signaling. We next generated a toolkit of recombinant antibodies to seven of these RAS-induced proteins. We found that five of these proteins are broadly distributed on cancer cell lines harboring RAS mutations. In parallel, a cell-surface CRISPRi screen identified integrin and Wnt signaling proteins as critical to RAS-transformed cells. We show that antibodies targeting CDCP1, a protein common to our proteomics and CRISPRi datasets, can be leveraged to deliver cytotoxic and immunotherapeutic payloads to RAS-transformed cancer cells and report for RAS signaling status in vivo. Taken together, this work presents a technological platform for attacking RAS from outside the cell. © 2018, Martinko et al.

Influence of surface plasmon resonance of Sn nanoparticles and nanosheets on the photoluminescence and Raman spectra of SnS quantum dots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warrier, Anita R.; Gandhimathi, R.

2018-04-01

We report on enhancement of photoluminescence of SnS quantum dots by embedding them in a mesh of Sn nanostructures. SnS quantum dots with band gap ˜2.7 eV are embedded in a mesh of Sn nanostructures, that are synthesized from tin chloride solution using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. The synthesized Sn nanostructures have a morphology dependent, tunable surface plasmon resonance ranging from UV region (295 nm) to visible region (400 nm) of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the SnS-Sn nanohybrids, the excitons are strongly coupled with plasmons leading to a shift in the excitonic binding energy (˜ 400 meV). Due to the influence of Sn nanoparticles on the SnS quantum dots, the photoluminescence and Raman line intensity is enhanced by an order of ˜103 The enhancement is more pronounced for Sn nanosheets due to the large surface area and visible light surface plasmon resonance.

Toward understanding the physical link between turbines and microclimate impacts from in situ measurements in a large wind farm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rajewski, Daniel A.; Takle, Eugene S.; Prueger, John H.; Doorenbos, Russell K.

2016-11-01

Recent wind farm studies have revealed elevated nighttime surface temperatures but have not validated physical mechanisms that create the observed effects. We report measurements of concurrent differences in surface wind speed, temperature, fluxes, and turbulence upwind and downwind of two turbine lines at the windward edge of a utility-scale wind farm. On the basis of these measurements, we offer a conceptual model based on physical mechanisms of how wind farms affect their own microclimate. Periods of documented curtailment and zero-power production of the wind farm offer useful opportunities to rigorously evaluate the microclimate impact of both stationary and operating turbines. During an 80 min nighttime wind farm curtailment, we measured abrupt and large changes in turbulent fluxes of momentum and heat leeward of the turbines. At night, wind speed decreases in the near wake when turbines are off but abruptly increases when turbine operation is resumed. Our measurements are compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Terra and Aqua satellite measurements reporting wind farms to have higher nighttime surface temperatures. We demonstrate that turbine wakes modify surface fluxes continuously through the night, with similar magnitudes during the Terra and Aqua transit periods. Cooling occurs in the near wake and warming in the far wake when turbines are on, but cooling is negligible when turbines are off. Wind speed and surface stratification have a regulating effect of enhancing or decreasing the impact on surface microclimate due to turbine wake effects.

The distance from the extramedullary cutting guide rod to the skin surface as a reference guide for the tibial slope in total knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Tsukeoka, Tadashi; Tsuneizumi, Yoshikazu

2016-03-01

Although sagittal tibial alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is important, no landmarks exist to achieve a reproducible slope. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the distance from the guide rod to the skin surface for the tibial slope in TKA. Computer simulation studies were performed on 100 consecutive knees scheduled for TKA. The angle between the line connecting the most anterior point of the predicted tibial cut surface and the skin surface 20 cm distal to the predicted cut surface (Line S) and the mechanical axis (MA) of the tibia in the sagittal plane was measured. The mean (±SD) absolute angle difference between the Line S and the MA was 0.9°±0.7°. The Line S was almost parallel to the MA in the sagittal plane (95% and 99% within two degrees and three degrees of deviation from MA, respectively). The guide rod orientation is a surrogate for the tibial cut slope because the targeted posterior slope is usually built into the cutting block and ensuring the rod is parallel to the MA in the sagittal plane is recommended. Therefore the distance between the skin surface and the rod can be a useful guide for the tibial slope. II. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Expression of Tac antigen component of bovine interleukin-2 receptor in different leukocyte populations infected with Theileria parva or Theileria annulata.

PubMed Central

Dobbelaere, D A; Prospero, T D; Roditi, I J; Kelke, C; Baumann, I; Eichhorn, M; Williams, R O; Ahmed, J S; Baldwin, C L; Clevers, H

1990-01-01

The Tac antigen component of the bovine interleukin-2 receptor was expressed as a Cro-beta-galactosidase fusion protein in Escherichia coli and used to raise antibodies in rabbits. These antibodies were used for flow cytofluorimetric analysis to investigate the expression of Tac antigen in a variety of Theileria parva-infected cell lines and also in three Theileria annulata-infected cell lines. Cells expressing Tac antigen on their surface were found in all T. parva-infected cell lines tested whether these were of T- or B-cell origin. T cells expressing Tac antigen could be CD4- CD8-, CD4+ CD8-, CD4- CD8+, or CD4+ CD8+. Tac antigen expression was observed both in cultures which had been maintained in the laboratory for several years and in transformed cell lines which had recently been established by infection of lymphocytes in vitro with T. parva. Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrated Tac antigen transcripts in RNA isolated from all T. parva-infected cell lines. Three T. annulata-infected cell lines which were not of T-cell origin were also tested. Two of them expressed Tac antigen on their surface. Abundant Tac antigen mRNA was detected in these T. annulata-infected cell lines, but only trace amounts were demonstrated in the third cell line, which contained very few Tac antigen-expressing cells. In all cell lines tested, whether cloned or uncloned, a proportion of the cells did not express detectable levels of Tac antigen on their surface. This was also the case for a number of other leukocyte surface markers. In addition, we showed that the interleukin-2 receptors were biologically functional, because addition of recombinant interleukin-2 to cultures stimulated cell proliferation. Recombinant interleukin-2 treatment also resulted in increased amounts of steady-state Tac antigen mRNA. The relevance of interleukin-2 receptor expression on Theileria-infected cells is discussed. Images PMID:1979317

TUNNEL LINING DESIGN METHOD BY FRAME STRUCTURE ANALYSIS USING GROUND REACTION CURVE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugimoto, Mitsutaka; Sramoon, Aphichat; Okazaki, Mari

Both of NATM and shield tunnelling method can be applied to Diluvial and Neogene deposit, on which mega cities are located in Japan. Since the lining design method for both tunnelling methods are much different, the unified concept for tunnel lining design is expected. Therefore, in this research, a frame structure analysis model for tunnel lining design using the ground reaction curve was developed, which can take into account the earth pressure due to excavated surface displacement to active side including the effect of ground self-stabilization, and the excavated surface displacement before lining installation. Based on the developed model, a parameter study was carried out taking coefficient of subgrade reaction and grouting rate as a parameter, and the measured earth pressure acting on the lining at the site was compared with the calculated one by the developed model and the conventional model. As a result, it was confirmed that the developed model can represent earth pressure acting on the lining, lining displacement, and lining sectional force at ground ranging from soft ground to stiff ground.

Pinning of the Contact Line during Evaporation on Heterogeneous Surfaces: Slowdown or Temporary Immobilization? Insights from a Nanoscale Study.

PubMed

Zhang, Jianguo; Müller-Plathe, Florian; Leroy, Frédéric

2015-07-14

The question of the effect of surface heterogeneities on the evaporation of liquid droplets from solid surfaces is addressed through nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The mechanism behind contact line pinning which is still unclear is discussed in detail on the nanoscale. Model systems with the Lennard-Jones interaction potential were employed to study the evaporation of nanometer-sized cylindrical droplets from a flat surface. The heterogeneity of the surface was modeled through alternating stripes of equal width but two chemical types. The first type leads to a contact angle of 67°, and the other leads to a contact angle of 115°. The stripe width was varied between 2 and 20 liquid-particle diameters. On the surface with the narrowest stripes, evaporation occurred at constant contact angle as if the surface was homogeneous, with a value of the contact angle as predicted by the regular Cassie-Baxter equation. When the width was increased, the contact angle oscillated during evaporation between two boundaries whose values depend on the stripe width. The evaporation behavior was thus found to be a direct signature of the typical size of the surface heterogeneity domains. The contact angle both at equilibrium and during evaporation could be predicted from a local Cassie-Baxter equation in which the surface composition within a distance of seven fluid-particle diameters around the contact line was considered, confirming the local nature of the interactions that drive the wetting behavior of droplets. More importantly, we propose a nanoscale explanation of pinning during evaporation. Pinning should be interpreted as a drastic slowdown of the contact line dynamics rather than a complete immobilization of it during a transition between two contact angle boundaries.

A Modular Approach to Model Oscillating Control Surfaces Using Navier Stokes Equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guruswamy, Guru P.; Lee, Henry

2014-01-01

The use of active controls for rotorcraft is becoming more important for modern aerospace configurations. Efforts to reduce the vibrations of helicopter blades with use of active-controls are in progress. Modeling oscillating control surfaces using the linear aerodynamics theory is well established. However, higher-fidelity methods are needed to account for nonlinear effects, such as those that occur in transonic flow. The aeroelastic responses of a wing with an oscillating control surface, computed using the transonic small perturbation (TSP) theory, have been shown to cause important transonic flow effects such as a reversal of control surface effectiveness that occurs as the shock wave crosses the hinge line. In order to account for flow complexities such as blade-vortex interactions of rotor blades higher-fidelity methods based on the Navier-Stokes equations are used. Reference 6 presents a procedure that uses the Navier-Stokes equations with moving-sheared grids and demonstrates up to 8 degrees of control-surface amplitude, using a single grid. Later, this procedure was extended to accommodate larger amplitudes, based on sliding grid zones. The sheared grid method implemented in EulerlNavier-Stokes-based aeroelastic code ENS AERO was successfully applied to active control design by industry. Recently there are several papers that present results for oscillating control surface using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. References 9 and 10 report 2-D cases by filling gaps with overset grids. Reference 9 compares integrated forces with the experiment at low oscillating frequencies whereas Ref. 10 reports parametric studies but with no validation. Reference II reports results for a 3D case by modeling the gap region with a deformed grid and compares force results with the experiment only at the mid-span of flap. In Ref. II grid is deformed to match the control surface deflections at the section where the measurements are made. However, there is no indication in Ref. II that the gaps are explicitly modeled as in Ref. 6. Computations using overset grids are reported in Ref. 12 for a case by adding moving control surface to an existing blade but with no validation either with an experiment or another computation.

Improvement of Surface Layer Characteristics by Shot Lining

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harada, Yasunori

In the present study, lining of the metal with foils using shot peening was investigated to improve the surface layer characteristics. In the shot peening experiment, the foils set on the metal are pelted with hard particles traveling at a high velocity. The foils are bonded to the metal surface due to plastic deformation induced by the collision of the particles. The foils and the metal are heated to heighten the bondability because of the reduction of flow stress. Lining the metal with the hard powder sandwiched between two aluminum foil sheets was also attempted. In this experiment, a centrifugal shot peening machine wite an electrical heater was employed. The metals are commercially aluminium alloys and magnesium alloys, and the foils are commercially aluminum, titanium and nickel. The effects of shot speed and the heating temperature on the bondability were examined. Wear resistance was also evaluated by grinding. The foils were successfully bonded to the metal surface. It was found that the present method is effective in improving of surface layer characteristics.

HOS cell adhesion on Ti6Al4V ELI texturized by CO2 laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sandoval-Amador, A.; Bayona–Alvarez, Y. M.; Carreño Garcia, H.; Escobar-Rivero, P.; Y Peña-Ballesteros, D.

2017-12-01

In this work, the response of HOS cells on Ti6Al4V ELI textured surfaces by a CO2 laser was evaluated. The test surfaces were; smooth Ti6Al4V, used as the control, and four textured surfaces with linear geometry. These four surfaces had different separation distances between textured lines, D1 (1000 microns), D2 (750 microns), D3 (500 microns) and D4 (250 microns). Toxicity of textured surfaces was assessed by MTT and the cellular adhesion test was performed using HOS ATCC CRL 1543 line cells. This test was done after 5 days of culture in a RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. The results showed that the linear textures present 23% toxicity after 30 days of incubation, nevertheless, the adhesion tests results are inconclusive in such conditions and therefore the effect of the line separation on the cell adhesion cannot be determined.

Topologically nontrivial electronic states in CaSn3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Sunny; Juneja, Rinkle; Shinde, Ravindra; Singh, Abhishek K.

2017-06-01

Based on the first-principles calculations, we theoretically propose topologically non-trivial states in a recently experimentally discovered superconducting material CaSn3. When the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is ignored, the material is a host to three-dimensional topological nodal-line semimetal states. Drumhead like surface states protected by the coexistence of time-reversal and mirror symmetry emerge within the two-dimensional regions of the surface Brillouin zone connecting the nodal lines. When SOC is included, unexpectedly, each nodal line evolves into two Weyl nodes (W1 and W2) in this centrosymmetric material. Berry curvature calculations show that these nodes occur in a pair and act as either a source or a sink of Berry flux. This material also has unique surface states in the form of Fermi arcs, which unlike other known Weyl semimetals forms closed loops of surface states on the Fermi surface. Our theoretical realization of topologically non-trivial states in a superconducting material paves the way towards unraveling the interconnection between topological physics and superconductivity.

Local convection-enhanced delivery of an anti-CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody induces antitumor effects in mouse glioma models

PubMed Central

Shoji, Takuhiro; Saito, Ryuta; Chonan, Masashi; Shibahara, Ichiyo; Sato, Aya; Kanamori, Masayuki; Sonoda, Yukihiko; Kondo, Toru; Ishii, Naoto; Tominaga, Teiji

2016-01-01

Background Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant brain tumors in adults and has a dismal prognosis. In a previous report, we reported that CD40, a TNF-R-related cell surface receptor, and its ligand CD40L were associated with glioma outcomes. Here we attempted to activate CD40 signaling in the tumor and determine if it exerted therapeutic efficacy. Methods CD40 expression was examined in 3 mouse glioma cell lines (GL261, NSCL61, and bRiTs-G3) and 5 human glioma cell lines (U87, U251, U373, T98, and A172). NSCL61 and bRiTs-G3, as glioma stem cells, also expressed the glioma stem cell markers MELK and CD44. In vitro, we demonstrated direct antitumor effects of an anti-CD40 agonistic monoclonal antibody (FGK45) against the cell lines. The efficacy of FGK45 was examined by local convection-enhanced delivery of the monoclonal antibody against each glioma model. Results CD40 was expressed in all mouse and human cell lines tested and was found at the cell membrane of each of the 3 mouse cell lines. FGK45 administration induced significant, direct antitumor effects in vitro. The local delivery of FGK45 significantly prolonged survival compared with controls in the NSCL61 and bRiTs-G3 models, but the effect was not significant in the GL261 model. Increases in apoptosis and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration were observed in the bRiTs-G3 model after FGK45 treatment. Conclusions Local delivery of FGK45 significantly prolonged survival in glioma stem cell models. Thus, local delivery of this monoclonal antibody is promising for immunotherapy against gliomas. PMID:26917236

On-chip sub-terahertz surface plasmon polariton transmission lines with mode converter in CMOS

PubMed Central

Liang, Yuan; Yu, Hao; Wen, Jincai; Apriyana, Anak Agung Alit; Li, Nan; Luo, Yu; Sun, Lingling

2016-01-01

An on-chip low-loss and high conversion efficiency plasmonic waveguide converter is demonstrated at sub-THz in CMOS. By introducing a subwavelength periodic corrugated structure onto the transmission line (T-line) implemented by a top-layer metal, surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) are established to propagate signals with strongly localized surface-wave. To match both impedance and momentum of other on-chip components with TEM-wave propagation, a mode converter structure featured by a smooth bridge between the Ground coplanar waveguide (GCPW) with 50 Ω impedance and SPP T-line is proposed. To further reduce area, the converter is ultimately simplified to a gradual increment of groove with smooth gradient. The proposed SPP T-lines with the converter is designed and fabricated in the standard 65 nm CMOS process. Both near-field simulation and measurement results show excellent conversion efficiency from quasi-TEM to SPP modes in a broadband frequency range. The converter achieves wideband impedance matching (<−9 dB) with excellent transmission efficiency (averagely −1.9 dB) from 110 GHz–325 GHz. The demonstrated compact and wideband SPP T-lines with mode converter have shown great potentials to replace existing waveguides as future on-chip THz interconnects. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time to demonstrate the (sub)-THz surface mode conversion on-chip in CMOS technology. PMID:27444782

Characterization of a mast cell line that lacks the extracellular domain of membrane c-kit.

PubMed

Mekori, Y A; Oh, C K; Dastych, J; Goff, J P; Adachi, S; Bianchine, P J; Worobec, A; Semere, T; Pierce, J H; Metcalfe, D D

1997-04-01

Expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene receptor on mast cells is essential for their normal proliferation and maturation as well as for several biological responses such as chemotaxis and attachment. In the present study we report that the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent mast cell line CFTL-15 lacks the extracellular domain of the c-kit receptor. This observation was made after noting that the c-kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF) could not prevent IL-3 deprivation-induced mast cell apoptosis and that CFTL-15 cells did not proliferate in response to SCF. Flow cytometric analysis employing monoclonal anti-c-kit antibodies, and immunogold labelling with analysis by electron microscopy, subsequently showed a diminished expression of c-kit on CFTL-15 cells. There was no identifiable message for the extracellular domain of c-kit in these cells, as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These previously unrecognized properties of the CFTL-15 mast cell line allowed the examination of other biological consequences of the lack of c-kit on mast cells. Analysing the ability of these cells to adhere to surface-bound fibronectin, it was found that addition of SCF did not increase their adhesion to this substrate, in opposition to what is reported with other mast cells. Similarly, CFTL-15 mast cells did not adhere to fibroblasts, which is known to require c-kit expression. Also, there was no protein tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells in response to SCF. CFTL-15 cells underwent apoptosis on removal of IL-3 coincident with a decrease in endogenous Bcl-2 mRNA. Overexpression of Bcl-2 cDNA prolonged survival of Bcl-2-transfected CFTL-15 cells upon withdrawal of IL-3. Thus, the CFTL-15 cell line that lacks surface c-kit is not able to proliferate in response to SCF, undergoes apoptosis in the presence of SCF, and does not adhere to fibroblasts. These results confirm earlier studies on the functional consequences of c-kit and provide a novel experimental model for further investigation.

Characterization of a mast cell line that lacks the extracellular domain of membrane c-kit.

PubMed Central

Mekori, Y A; Oh, C K; Dastych, J; Goff, J P; Adachi, S; Bianchine, P J; Worobec, A; Semere, T; Pierce, J H; Metcalfe, D D

1997-01-01

Expression of the c-kit proto-oncogene receptor on mast cells is essential for their normal proliferation and maturation as well as for several biological responses such as chemotaxis and attachment. In the present study we report that the interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent mast cell line CFTL-15 lacks the extracellular domain of the c-kit receptor. This observation was made after noting that the c-kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF) could not prevent IL-3 deprivation-induced mast cell apoptosis and that CFTL-15 cells did not proliferate in response to SCF. Flow cytometric analysis employing monoclonal anti-c-kit antibodies, and immunogold labelling with analysis by electron microscopy, subsequently showed a diminished expression of c-kit on CFTL-15 cells. There was no identifiable message for the extracellular domain of c-kit in these cells, as determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These previously unrecognized properties of the CFTL-15 mast cell line allowed the examination of other biological consequences of the lack of c-kit on mast cells. Analysing the ability of these cells to adhere to surface-bound fibronectin, it was found that addition of SCF did not increase their adhesion to this substrate, in opposition to what is reported with other mast cells. Similarly, CFTL-15 mast cells did not adhere to fibroblasts, which is known to require c-kit expression. Also, there was no protein tyrosine phosphorylation in these cells in response to SCF. CFTL-15 cells underwent apoptosis on removal of IL-3 coincident with a decrease in endogenous Bcl-2 mRNA. Overexpression of Bcl-2 cDNA prolonged survival of Bcl-2-transfected CFTL-15 cells upon withdrawal of IL-3. Thus, the CFTL-15 cell line that lacks surface c-kit is not able to proliferate in response to SCF, undergoes apoptosis in the presence of SCF, and does not adhere to fibroblasts. These results confirm earlier studies on the functional consequences of c-kit and provide a novel experimental model for further investigation. Images Figure 4 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 PMID:9176104

Enhancing wear resistance of working bodies of grinder through lining crushed material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romanovich, A. A.; Annenko, D. M.; Romanovich, M. A.; Apukhtina, I. V.

2018-03-01

The article presents the analysis of directions of increasing wear resistance of working surfaces of rolls. A technical solution developed at the level of the invention is proposed, which is simple to implement in production conditions and which makes it possible to protect the roll surface from heavy wear due to surfacing of wear-resistant mesh material, cells of which are filling with grinding material in the process of work. Retaining them enables one to protect the roll surface from wear. The paper dwells on conditions of pressing materials in cells of eccentric rolls on the working surface with a grid of rectangular shape. The paper presents an equation for calculation of the cell dimension that provides the lining of the working surface by a mill material with respect to its properties. The article presents results of comparative studies on the grinding process of a press roller grinder (PRG) between rolls with and without a fusion-bonded mesh. It is clarified that the lining of rolls working surface slightly reduces the quality of the grinding, since the material thickness in the cell is small and has a finely divided and compacted structure with high strength.

Telephoto axicon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burvall, Anna; Goncharov, Alexander; Dainty, Chris

2005-09-01

The axicon is an optical element which creates a narrow focal line along the optical axis, unlike the single focal point produced by a lens. The long and precisely defined axicon focal line is used e.g. in alignment, or to extend the depth of focus of existing methods such as optical coherence tomography or light sectioning. Axicons are generally manufactured as refractive cones or diffractive circular gratings. They are also made as lens systems or doublet lenses, which are easier to produce. We present a design in the form of a reflective-refractive single-element device with annular aperture. This very compact system has only two surfaces, which can be spherical or aspheric depending on the quality required of the focal line. Both surfaces have reflective coatings at specific zones, providing an annular beam suitable for generating extended focal lines. One draw-back of a normal axicon is its sensitivity to the angle of illumination. Even for relatively small angles, astigmatism will broaden the focus and give it an asteroid shape. For our design, with spherical surfaces concentric about the center of the entrance pupil, the focal line remains unchanged in off-axis illumination.

Significance of Polarization Charges and Isomagnetic Surface in Magnetohydrodynamics

PubMed Central

Liang, Zhu-Xing; Liang, Yi

2015-01-01

From the frozen-in field lines concept, a highly conducting fluid can move freely along, but not traverse to, magnetic field lines. We discuss this topic and find that in the study of the frozen-in field lines concept, the effects of inductive and capacitive reactance have been omitted. When admitted, the relationships among the motional electromotive field, the induced electric field, the eddy electric current, and the magnetic field becomes clearer. We emphasize the importance of isomagnetic surfaces and polarization charges, and show analytically that whether a conducting fluid can freely traverse magnetic field lines or not depends solely on the magnetic gradient along the path of the fluid. If a fluid does not change its density distribution and shape (can be regarded as a quasi-rigid body) and moves along isomagnetic surface, it can freely traverse magnetic field lines without any magnetic drag, no matter how strong the magnetic field is. Besides theoretical analysis, we also present experimental results to support our analysis. The main purpose of this work is to correct a fallacy among some astrophysicists. PMID:26322894

Formation mechanism of dot-line square superlattice pattern in dielectric barrier discharge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Weibo; Dong, Lifang, E-mail: donglfhbu@163.com, E-mail: pyy1616@163.com; Wang, Yongjie

We investigate the formation mechanism of the dot-line square superlattice pattern (DLSSP) in dielectric barrier discharge. The spatio-temporal structure studied by using the intensified-charge coupled device camera shows that the DLSSP is an interleaving of three different subpatterns in one half voltage cycle. The dot square lattice discharges first and, then, the two kinds of line square lattices, which form square grid structures discharge twice. When the gas pressure is varied, DLSSP can transform from square superlattice pattern (SSP). The spectral line profile method is used to compare the electron densities, which represent the amounts of surface charges qualitatively. Itmore » is found that the amount of surface charges accumulated by the first discharge of DLSSP is less than that of SSP, leading to a bigger discharge area of the following discharge (lines of DLSSP instead of halos of SSP). The spatial distribution of the electric field of the surface charges is simulated to explain the formation of DLSSP. This paper may provide a deeper understanding for the formation mechanism of complex superlattice patterns in DBD.« less

Simulating LGM retreat of the Uummannaq Ice Stream and Rinks Isbrae, Western Greenland using a 1-D ice-stream model constrained by a suite of marine and terrestrial data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamieson, Stewart; Roberts, Dave; Rea, Brice; Lane, Timothy; Vieli, Andreas; Cofaigh, Colm Ó.

2014-05-01

We aim to understand what controlled the retreat pattern of the Uummannaq Ice Stream (UIS) during the last deglaciation. Evidence for the pattern of retreat is found in both the marine and terrestrial realms, but because the evidence is temporally and spatially discontinuous, it is challenging to coherently reconstruct both grounding-line retreat and ice-surface thinning such that they are in agreement. Marine stratigraphic and geophysical evidence indicates that the ice stream was grounded close to the continental shelf edge at the Last Glacial Maximum, and retreated rapidly and nonlinearly after 14.8 ka. Cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating on Ubekendt Island at the convergence zone of multiple feeder ice streams show that the ice surface thinned progressively and that the island became ice-free by ca. 12.4 ka. The ice stream then collapsed over the next 1-1.6 kyrs and the ice stream separated into a series of distinct inland arms. In the northernmost Rinks system, there is a 'staircase' of evidence showing ice surface thinning over time, but it is unclear where the grounding line was located during this phase of thinning. Furthermore, it is currently unclear what controlled the nonlinear retreat pattern identified in the Uummannaq system. We develop a numerical model of ice-stream retreat using the marine geophysical data and measurements of sediment strength on the continental shelf to control the boundary conditions. The model has the capability to dynamically and robustly simulate grounding line-retreat behaviour over millennial timescales. We simulate the retreat of the UIS grounding line into the northernmost Rinks system in response to enhanced ocean warming, rising sea level and warming climate. We compare the simulated dynamic behaviour of the UIS against the geomorphological and cosmogenic exposure evidence for ice surface thinning onshore and against dated marine grounding line positions. Our model results enable us to match grounding-line positions in the marine trough to distinct onshore ice-surface heights, and therefore provide a 2-dimensional reconstruction of the geometry of the UIS as it retreated after the LGM. We find that the nonlinearity in retreat rate is conditioned by the locations of vertical and lateral constrictions in the Uummannaq/Rink trough which provide temporary pinning points for the grounding line. When the grounding line retreats rapidly between pinning points, the ice surface thins rapidly inland. When the grounding line is pinned, thinning of the ice surface becomes much slower in locations corresponding to the deposition of moraines. We suggest that the slowdowns in retreat identified in the marine domain are therefore reflected by the generation of moraines in the terrestrial domain. Finally, we generate hypotheses about the timing of marine grounding-line retreat based upon the published terrestrial cosmogenic exposure ages.

Directional self-cleaning superoleophobic surface.

PubMed

Zhao, Hong; Law, Kock-Yee

2012-08-14

In this work, we report the creation of a grooved surface comprising 3 μm grooves (height ~4 μm) separated by 3 μm from each other on a silicon wafer by photolithography. The grooved surface was then modified chemically with a fluorosilane layer (FOTS). The surface property was studied by both static and dynamic contact angle measurements using water, hexadecane, and a polyethylene wax ink as the probing liquids. Results show that the grooved surface is both superhydrophobic and superoleophobic. Its observed contact angles agree well with the calculated Cassie-Baxter angles. More importantly, we are able to make a replica of the composite wax ink-air interface and study it by SEM. Microscopy results not only show that the droplet of the wax ink "sits" on air in the composite interface but also further reveal that the ink drop actually pins underneath the re-entrant structure in the side wall of the grooved structure. Contact angle measurement results indicate that wetting on the grooved surface is anisotropic. Although liquid drops are found to have lower static and advancing contact angles in the parallel direction, the drops are found to be more mobile, showing smaller hysteresis and lower sliding angles (as compared to the FOTS wafer surface and a comparable 3-μm-diameter pillar array FOTS surface). The enhanced mobility is attributable to the lowering of the resistance against an advancing liquid because 50% of the advancing area is made of a solid strip where the liquid likes to wet. This also implies that the contact line for advancing is no longer smooth but rather is ragged, having the solid strip area leading the wetting and the air strip area trailing behind. This interpretation is supported by imaging the geometry of the contact lines using molten ink drops recovered from the sliding angle experiments in both the parallel and orthogonal directions. Because the grooved surface is mechanically stronger against mechanical abrasion, the self-cleaning effect exhibited in the parallel direction suggests that groove texturing is a viable approach to create mechanically robust, self-cleaning, superoleophobic surfaces.

Characterization of the Goubau line for testing beam diagnostic instruments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, S. Y.; Stulle, F.; Sung, C. K.; Yoo, K. H.; Seok, J.; Moon, K. J.; Choi, C. U.; Chung, Y.; Kim, G.; Woo, H. J.; Kwon, J.; Lee, I. G.; Choi, E. M.; Chung, M.

2017-12-01

One of the main characteristics of the Goubau line is that it supports a low-loss, non-radiated surface wave guided by a dielectric-coated metal wire. The dominant mode of the surface wave along the Goubau line is a TM01 mode, which resembles the pattern of the electromagnetic fields induced in the metallic beam pipe when the charged particle beam passes through it. Therefore, the Goubau line can be used for the preliminary bench test and performance optimization of the beam diagnostic instruments without requiring charged particle beams from the accelerators. In this paper, we discuss the basic properties of the Goubau line for testing beam diagnostic instruments and present the initial test results for button-type beam position monitors (BPMs). The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical estimations, which indicates that Goubau line allows effective testing of beam diagnostic equipment.

MARVEL analysis of the rotational-vibrational states of the molecular ions H2D+ and D2H+.

PubMed

Furtenbacher, Tibor; Szidarovszky, Tamás; Fábri, Csaba; Császár, Attila G

2013-07-07

Critically evaluated rotational-vibrational line positions and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed labels and uncertainties, are reported for two deuterated isotopologues of the H3(+) molecular ion: H2D(+) and D2H(+). The procedure MARVEL, standing for Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels, is used to determine the validated levels and lines and their self-consistent uncertainties based on the experimentally available information. The spectral ranges covered for the isotopologues H2D(+) and D2H(+) are 5.2-7105.5 and 23.0-6581.1 cm(-1), respectively. The MARVEL energy levels of the ortho and para forms of the ions are checked against ones determined from accurate variational nuclear motion computations employing the best available adiabatic ab initio potential energy surfaces of these isotopologues. The number of critically evaluated, validated and recommended experimental (levels, lines) are (109, 185) and (104, 136) for H2D(+) and D2H(+), respectively. The lists of assigned MARVEL lines and levels and variational levels obtained for H2D(+) and D2H(+) as part of this study are deposited in the ESI to this paper.

Cancer stemness and metastatic potential of the novel tumor cell line K3: an inner mutated cell of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

PubMed

Qian, Hui; Ding, Xiaoqing; Zhang, Jiao; Mao, Fei; Sun, Zixuan; Jia, Haoyuan; Yin, Lei; Wang, Mei; Zhang, Xu; Zhang, Bin; Yan, Yongmin; Zhu, Wei; Xu, Wenrong

2017-06-13

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been used for therapeutic applications in various diseases. Here we report MSCs can malignantly transform in vivo. The novel neoplasm was found on the tail of female rat after injection with male rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBM-MSCs) and the new tumor cell line, K3, was isolated from the neoplasm. The K3 cells expressed surface antigens and pluripotent genes similar to those of rBM-MSCs and presented tumor cell features. Moreover, the K3 cells contained side population cells (SP) like cancer stem cells (CSCs), which might contribute to K3 heterogeneity and tumorigenic capacity. To investigate the metastatic potential of K3 cells, we established the nude mouse models of liver and lung metastases and isolated the corresponding metastatic cell lines K3-F4 and K3-B6. Both K3-F4 and K3-B6 cell lines with higher metastatic potential acquired more mesenchymal and stemness-related features. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a potential mechanism of K3-F4 and K3-B6 formation.

Multiresidue analysis of 24 Water Framework Directive priority substances by on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in environmental waters.

PubMed

Rubirola, Adrià; Boleda, Mª Rosa; Galceran, Mª Teresa

2017-04-14

This paper reports the development of a fully multiresidue and automated on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 24 priority substances (PS) belonging to different classes (pesticides, hormones or pharmaceuticals) included in the Directive 2013/39/UE and the recent Watch List (Decision 2015/495) in water samples (drinking water, surface water, and effluent wastewaters). LC-MS/MS conditions and on-line SPE parameters such as sorbent type, sample and wash volumes were optimized. The developed method is highly sensitive (limits of detection between 0.1 and 1.4ngL -1 ) and precise (relative standard deviations lower than 8%). As part of the method validation studies, linearity, accuracy and matrix effects were assessed. The main advantage of this method over traditional off-line procedures is the minimization of tedious sample preparation increasing productivity and sample throughput. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of water samples and the results revealed the presence of 16 PS in river water and effluent water of wastewater treatment plants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial and Seasonal Variability of Temperature in CO2 Emission from Mars' Mesosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Livengood, Timothy A.; Kostiuk, Theodor; Hewagama, Tilak; Kolasinski, John R.; Henning, Wade; Fast, Kelly Elizabeth; Sonnabend, Guido; Sornig, Manuela

2017-10-01

We have observed non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) emission of carbon dioxide that probes Mars’ mesosphere in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2012, 2014, and 2016. These measurements were conducted at 10.6 μm wavelength using the Goddard Space Flight Center Heterodyne Instrument for Planetary Winds and Composition (HIPWAC) from the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) at resolving power (1-33)×106. The Maxwellian broadening of the emission line can be measured at this resolution, providing a direct determination of temperature in the mesosphere. The nonLTE line appears as a narrow emission core within a broad absorption formed by tropospheric CO2, which provides temperature information reaching down to the martian surface, while the mesospheric line probes temperature at about 60-80 km altitude. We will report on the spatial distribution of temperature and emission line strength with local solar time on Mars, with latitude, as well as long-term variability including seasonal effects that modify the overall thermal structure of the atmosphere. These remote measurements complement results from orbital spacecraft through access to a broad range of local solar time on each occasion.This work has been supported by the NASA Planetary Astronomy and Solar Systems Observations Programs

Freeform Deposition Method for Coolant Channel Closeout

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gradl, Paul R. (Inventor); Reynolds, David Christopher (Inventor); Walker, Bryant H. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A method is provided for fabricating a coolant channel closeout jacket on a structure having coolant channels formed in an outer surface thereof. A line of tangency relative to the outer surface is defined for each point on the outer surface. Linear rows of a metal feedstock are directed towards and deposited on the outer surface of the structure as a beam of weld energy is directed to the metal feedstock so-deposited. A first angle between the metal feedstock so-directed and the line of tangency is maintained in a range of 20-90.degree.. The beam is directed towards a portion of the linear rows such that less than 30% of the cross-sectional area of the beam impinges on a currently-deposited one of the linear rows. A second angle between the beam and the line of tangency is maintained in a range of 5-65 degrees.

A unified mechanism for the stability of surface nanobubbles: contact line pinning and supersaturation.

PubMed

Liu, Yawei; Zhang, Xianren

2014-10-07

In this paper, we apply the molecular dynamics simulation method to study the stability of surface nanobubbles in both pure fluids and gas-liquid mixtures. First, we demonstrate with molecular simulations, for the first time, that surface nanobubbles can be stabilized in superheated or gas supersaturated liquid by the contact line pinning caused by the surface heterogeneity. Then, a unified mechanism for nanobubble stability is put forward here that stabilizing nanobubbles require both the contact line pinning and supersaturation. In the mechanism, the supersaturation refers to superheating for pure fluids and gas supersaturation or superheating for the gas-liquid mixtures, both of which exert the same effect on nanobubble stability. As the level of supersaturation increases, we found a Wenzel or Cassie wetting state for undersaturated and saturated fluids, stable nanobubbles at moderate supersaturation with decreasing curvature radius and contact angle, and finally the liquid-to-vapor phase transition at high supersaturation.

Suspension system for a wheel rolling on a flat track. [bearings for directional antennas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcginness, H. D. (Inventor)

1981-01-01

An improved suspension system for an uncrowned wheel rolling on a flat track is presented. It is characterized by a wheel frame assembly including a wheel frame and at least one uncrowned wheel connected in supporting relation with the frame. It is adapted to be seated in rolling engagement with a flat track, a load supporting bed, and a plurality of flexural struts interconnecting the bed in supported relation with the frame. Each of said struts is disposed in a plane passing through the center of the uncrowned wheel surface along a line substantially bisecting the line of contact established between the wheel surface and the flat surface of the truck and characterized by a modulus of elasticity sufficient for maintaining the axis of rotation for the wheel in substantial parallelism with the line of contact established between the surfaces of the wheel and track.

Grating coupled SPR microarray analysis of proteins and cells in blood from mice with breast cancer.

PubMed

Mendoza, A; Torrisi, D M; Sell, S; Cady, N C; Lawrence, D A

2016-01-21

Biomarker discovery for early disease diagnosis is highly important. Of late, much effort has been made to analyze complex biological fluids in an effort to develop new markers specific for different cancer types. Recent advancements in label-free technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors have shown promise as a diagnostic tool since there is no need for labeling or separation of cells. Furthermore, SPR can provide rapid, real-time detection of antigens from biological samples since SPR is highly sensitive to changes in surface-associated molecular and cellular interactions. Herein, we report a lab-on-a-chip microarray biosensor that utilizes grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) and grating-coupled surface plasmon coupled fluorescence (GCSPCF) imaging to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a mouse model (FVB-MMTV-PyVT). GCSPR and GCSPCF analysis was accomplished by spotting antibodies to surface cell markers, cytokines and stress proteins on a nanofabricated GCSPR microchip and screening blood samples from FVB control mice or FVB-MMTV-PyVT mice with developing mammary carcinomas. A transgenic MMTV-PyVT mouse derived cancer cell line was also analyzed. The analyses indicated that CD24, CD44, CD326, CD133 and CD49b were expressed in both cell lines and in blood from MMTV-PyVT mice. Furthermore, cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, along with heat shock proteins HSP60, HSP27, HSc70(HSP73), HSP90 total, HSP70/HSc70, HSP90, HSP70, HSP90 alpha, phosphotyrosine and HSF-1 were overexpressed in MMTV-PyVT mice.

Comparative analysis of the surface exposed proteome of two canine osteosarcoma cell lines and normal canine osteoblasts.

PubMed

Milovancev, Milan; Hilgart-Martiszus, Ian; McNamara, Michael J; Goodall, Cheri P; Seguin, Bernard; Bracha, Shay; Wickramasekara, Samanthi I

2013-06-13

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor of dogs and carries a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. An improved understanding of the biology of OSA is critically needed to allow for development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. The surface-exposed proteome (SEP) of a cancerous cell includes a multifarious array of proteins critical to cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, adhesion, and inter-cellular communication. The specific aim of this study was to define a SEP profile of two validated canine OSA cell lines and a normal canine osteoblast cell line utilizing a biotinylation/streptavidin system to selectively label, purify, and identify surface-exposed proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Additionally, we sought to validate a subset of our MS-based observations via quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry. Our hypothesis was that MS would detect differences in the SEP composition between the OSA and the normal osteoblast cells. Shotgun MS identified 133 putative surface proteins when output from all samples were combined, with good consistency between biological replicates. Eleven of the MS-detected proteins underwent analysis of gene expression by PCR, all of which were actively transcribed, but varied in expression level. Western blot of whole cell lysates from all three cell lines was effective for Thrombospondin-1, CYR61 and CD44, and indicated that all three proteins were present in each cell line. Semi-quantitative immunofluorescence indicated that CD44 was expressed at much higher levels on the surface of the OSA than the normal osteoblast cell lines. The results of the present study identified numerous differences, and similarities, in the SEP of canine OSA cell lines and normal canine osteoblasts. The PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry results, for the subset of proteins evaluated, were generally supportive of the mass spectrometry data. These methods may be applied to other cell lines, or other biological materials, to highlight unique and previously unrecognized differences between samples. While this study yielded data that may prove useful for OSA researchers and clinicians, further refinements of the described techniques are expected to yield greater accuracy and produce a more thorough SEP analysis.

Near common-path optical fiber interferometer for potentially fast on-line microscale-nanoscale surface measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Xiangqian; Wang, Kaiwei; Martin, Haydn

2006-12-01

We introduce a new surface measurement method for potential online application. Compared with our previous research, the new design is a significant improvement. It also features high stability because it uses a near common-path configuration. The method should be of great benefit to advanced manufacturing, especially for quality and process control in ultraprecision manufacturing and on the production line. Proof-of-concept experiments have been successfully conducted by measuring the system repeatability and the displacements of a mirror surface.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sadarviana, Vera, E-mail: vsadarviana@gmail.com; Hasanuddin, A. Z.; Joenil, G. K.

Landslide can prevented by understanding the direction of movement to the safety evacuation track or slip surface location to hold avalanches. Slip surface is separating between stable soil and unstable soil in the slope. The slip surface location gives information about stable material depth. The information can be utilize to mitigate technical step, such as pile installation to keep construction or settlement safe from avalanches.There are two kinds landslide indicators which are visualization and calculation. By visualization, landslide identified from soil crack or scarp. Scarp is a scar of exposed soil on the landslide. That identification can be done bymore » Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) Image. Shape of scarp shows type of slip surface, translation or rotational. By calculation, kinematic and dynamic mathematic model will give vector, velocity and acceleration of material movement. In this calculation need velocity trend line at GPS point from five GPS data campaign. From intersection of trend lines it will create curves or lines of slip surface location. The number of slip surface can be known from material movement direction in landslide zone.Ciloto landslide zone have complicated phenomenon because that zone have influence from many direction of ground water level pressure. The pressure is causes generating several slip surface in Ciloto zone. Types of Ciloto slip surface have mix between translational and rotational type.« less

Highly accurate potential energy surface, dipole moment surface, rovibrational energy levels, and infrared line list for {sup 32}S{sup 16}O{sub 2} up to 8000 cm{sup −1}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Xinchuan, E-mail: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov, E-mail: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Schwenke, David W., E-mail: David.W.Schwenke@nasa.gov; Lee, Timothy J., E-mail: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov, E-mail: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov

2014-03-21

A purely ab initio potential energy surface (PES) was refined with selected {sup 32}S{sup 16}O{sub 2} HITRAN data. Compared to HITRAN, the root-mean-squares error (σ{sub RMS}) for all J = 0–80 rovibrational energy levels computed on the refined PES (denoted Ames-1) is 0.013 cm{sup −1}. Combined with a CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z dipole moment surface (DMS), an infrared (IR) line list (denoted Ames-296K) has been computed at 296 K and covers up to 8000 cm{sup −1}. Compared to the HITRAN and CDMS databases, the intensity agreement for most vibrational bands is better than 85%–90%. Our predictions for {sup 34}S{sup 16}O{sub 2} band origins,more » higher energy {sup 32}S{sup 16}O{sub 2} band origins and missing {sup 32}S{sup 16}O{sub 2} IR bands have been verified by most recent experiments and available HITRAN data. We conclude that the Ames-1 PES is able to predict {sup 32/34}S{sup 16}O{sub 2} band origins below 5500 cm{sup −1} with 0.01–0.03 cm{sup −1} uncertainties, and the Ames-296K line list provides continuous, reliable and accurate IR simulations. The K{sub a}-dependence of both line position and line intensity errors is discussed. The line list will greatly facilitate SO{sub 2} IR spectral experimental analysis, as well as elimination of SO{sub 2} lines in high-resolution astronomical observations.« less

Topical treatment of psoriasis: questionnaire results on topical therapy accessibility and influence of body surface area on usage.

PubMed

Iversen, L; Lange, M M; Bissonette, R; Carvalho, A V E; van de Kerkhof, P C; Kirby, B; Kleyn, C E; Lynde, C W; van der Walt, J M; Wu, J J

2017-07-01

Topical treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis is first-line treatment and exhibits varying degrees of success across patient groups. Key factors influencing treatment success are physician topical treatment choice (high efficacy, low adverse events) and strict patient adherence. Currently, no formalized, international consensus guidelines exist to direct optimal topical treatment, although many countries have national guidelines. To describe and analyse cross-regional variations in the use and access of psoriasis topical therapies. The study was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study. A survey was distributed to dermatologists from the International Psoriasis Council (IPC) to assess topical therapy accessibility in 26 countries and to understand how body surface area (BSA) categories guide clinical decisions on topical use. Variation in the availability of tars, topical retinoids, dithranol and balneotherapy was reported. The vast majority of respondents (100% and 88.4%) used topical therapy as first-line monotherapy in situations with BSA < 3% and BSA between 3% and 10%, respectively. However, with disease severity increasing to BSA > 10%, the number of respondents who prescribe topical therapy decreased considerably. In addition, combination therapy of a topical drug and a systemic drug was frequently reported when BSA measured >10%. This physician survey provides new evidence on topical access and the influence of disease severity on topical usage in an effort to improve treatment strategies on a global level. © 2017 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, K.; Pontoppidan, K. M.; Salyk, C.

We present an observational reconstruction of the radial water vapor content near the surface of the TW Hya transitional protoplanetary disk, and report the first localization of the snow line during this phase of disk evolution. The observations are comprised of Spitzer-IRS, Herschel-PACS, and Herschel-HIFI archival spectra. The abundance structure is retrieved by fitting a two-dimensional disk model to the available star+disk photometry and all observed H{sub 2}O lines, using a simple step-function parameterization of the water vapor content near the disk surface. We find that water vapor is abundant ({approx}10{sup -4} per H{sub 2}) in a narrow ring, locatedmore » at the disk transition radius some 4 AU from the central star, but drops rapidly by several orders of magnitude beyond 4.2 AU over a scale length of no more than 0.5 AU. The inner disk (0.5-4 AU) is also dry, with an upper limit on the vertically averaged water abundance of 10{sup -6} per H{sub 2}. The water vapor peak occurs at a radius significantly more distant than that expected for a passive continuous disk around a 0.6 M{sub Sun} star, representing a volatile distribution in the TW Hya disk that bears strong similarities to that of the solar system. This is observational evidence for a snow line that moves outward with time in passive disks, with a dry inner disk that results either from gas giant formation or gas dissipation and a significant ice reservoir at large radii. The amount of water present near the snow line is sufficient to potentially catalyze the (further) formation of planetesimals and planets at distances beyond a few AU.« less

Instability and Transition of Flow at, and Near, an Attachment-Line: Including Control by Surface Suction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, A.; Poll, D. I. A.

1998-01-01

Experiments have been performed on an untapered, swept cylinder model in the Cranfield College of Aeronautics 8 ft x 6 ft low-speed wind tunnel to investigate the effect of surface transpiration on the process of relaminarization in the attachment-line boundary layer. Suction coefficients for complete suppression of turbulence were determined as a function of Reynolds number and spanwise distance. The effect of attachment-line suction on the spanwise propagation of gross disturbances emanating from the fuselage-wing junction region was also studied. Finally, the effect of blowing on a laminar attachment-line boundary layer was also considered and excellent agreement was achieved with previous studies.

Selective bond breaking mediated by state specific vibrational excitation in model HOD molecule through optimized femtosecond IR pulse: a simulated annealing based approach.

PubMed

Shandilya, Bhavesh K; Sen, Shrabani; Sahoo, Tapas; Talukder, Srijeeta; Chaudhury, Pinaki; Adhikari, Satrajit

2013-07-21

The selective control of O-H/O-D bond dissociation in reduced dimensionality model of HOD molecule has been explored through IR+UV femtosecond pulses. The IR pulse has been optimized using simulated annealing stochastic approach to maximize population of a desired low quanta vibrational state. Since those vibrational wavefunctions of the ground electronic states are preferentially localized either along the O-H or O-D mode, the femtosecond UV pulse is used only to transfer vibrationally excited molecule to the repulsive upper surface to cleave specific bond, O-H or O-D. While transferring from the ground electronic state to the repulsive one, the optimization of the UV pulse is not necessarily required except specific case. The results so obtained are analyzed with respect to time integrated flux along with contours of time evolution of probability density on excited potential energy surface. After preferential excitation from [line]0, 0> ([line]m, n> stands for the state having m and n quanta of excitations in O-H and O-D mode, respectively) vibrational level of the ground electronic state to its specific low quanta vibrational state ([line]1, 0> or [line]0, 1> or [line]2, 0> or [line]0, 2>) by using optimized IR pulse, the dissociation of O-D or O-H bond through the excited potential energy surface by UV laser pulse appears quite high namely, 88% (O-H ; [line]1, 0>) or 58% (O-D ; [line]0, 1>) or 85% (O-H ; [line]2, 0>) or 59% (O-D ; [line]0, 2>). Such selectivity of the bond breaking by UV pulse (if required, optimized) together with optimized IR one is encouraging compared to the normal pulses.

Metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma to the small intestine serous surface: report of a case of high-grade histopathologic malignancy

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma is characterized by marked heterogeneity and may be composed of an admixture of histologic growth patterns, including acinar, papillary and solid. In the present study, a case of isolated small intestine metastasis of ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma was reported. A 7-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with a mass in the left upper quadrant with progressive enlargement of the abdomen, periodic bloody discharge from the vulva and incontinence. The tumor was histologically characterized by the presence of cysts and proliferation of papillae, both lined by single- or multi-layered pleomorphic epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mass was composed by intense cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and numerous mitotic figures. These findings indicate a tumor of high-grade malignancy with infiterative tumor cells resembling the papillary ovarian tumor in the serosal surface of the small intestine along with an intact serosa. Immunohistochemically, tumor was positive for CK7 and negative immunoreactivity for CK20. The histopathologic features coupled with the CK7 immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of high grade ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of small intestine serousal surface metastasis from ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. PMID:24636424

Experimental Investigation of Diffuser Hub Injection to Improve Centrifugal Compressor Stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skoch, Gary J.

2004-01-01

Results from a series of experiments to investigate whether centrifugal compressor stability could be improved by injecting air through the diffuser hub surface are reported. The research was conducted in a 4:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor configured with a vane-island diffuser. Injector nozzles were located just upstream of the leading edge of the diffuser vanes. Nozzle orientations were set to produce injected streams angled at 8, 0 and +8 degrees relative to the vane mean camber line. Several injection flow rates were tested using both an external air supply and recirculation from the diffuser exit. Compressor flow range did not improve at any injection flow rate that was tested. Compressor flow range did improve slightly at zero injection due to the flow resistance created by injector openings on the hub surface. Leading edge loading and semi-vaneless space diffusion showed trends similar to those reported earlier from shroud surface experiments that did improve compressor flow range. Opposite trends are seen for hub injection cases where compressor flow range decreased. The hub injection data further explain the range improvement provided by shroud-side injection and suggest that different hub-side techniques may produce range improvement in centrifugal compressors.

Continuous Flow Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe Connected On-line with HPLC/MS for Spatially Resolved Analysis of Small Molecules and Proteins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Berkel, Gary J; Kertesz, Vilmos

RATIONALE: A continuous flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe extracts soluble material from surfaces for direct ionization and detection by MS. Demonstrated here is the on-line coupling of such a probe with HPLC/MS enabling extraction, separation and detection of small molecules and proteins from surfaces in a spatially resolved (~0.5 mm diameter spots) manner. Methods: A continuous flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe was connected to a 6-port, 2-position valve for extract collection and injection to an HPLC column. A QTRAP 5500 hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap equipped with a Turbo V ion source operated in positive ESI modemore » was used for all experiments. System operation was tested with extraction, separation and detection of propranolol and associated metabolites from drug dosed tissues and proteins from dried sheep blood spots on paper. Results: Confirmed in the tissue were the parent drug and two different hydroxypropranolol glucuronides. The mass spectrometric response for these compounds from different locations in the liver showed an increase with increasing extraction time (5, 20 and 40 s extractions). For on-line separation and detection/identification of extracted proteins from dried sheep blood spots, two major protein peaks dominated the chromatogram and could be correlated with the expected masses for the hemoglobin and chains. Conclusions: Spatially resolved sampling, separation, and detection of small molecules and proteins from surfaces can be accomplished using a continuous flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe coupled on-line with HPLC/MS detection.« less

Photonic crystal fiber in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer for explosive detection.

PubMed

Tao, Chuanyi; Wei, Heming; Feng, Wenlin

2016-02-08

We report a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer used as a gas sensor device which exhibits high sensitivity to the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). The interferometric sensor head is formed by embedding a segment of large-mode-area/grapefruit PCF between standard single-mode fibers via butt coupling, which produces two small air gaps in between terminated fiber ends with ceramic ferrule connectors as coupling regions, which also serve as inlet/outlet for the gas. The spectral response of the interferometer is investigated in terms of its wavelength spectrum. The selectivity to TNT vapor is achieved by immobilizing a molecular recognition ployallylamine layer on the inner surface of the holey region of the PCF. The TNT-induced variations of the interference fringes are measured and the sensing capability of the proposed sensor is demonstrated experimentally.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Ricinus communis var. carmencita leaf extract and its antibacterial study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ojha, Sunita; Sett, Arghya; Bora, Utpal

2017-09-01

In this study, we report synthesis of silver nanoparticles (RcAgNPs) from silver nitrate solution using methanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis var. carmencita. The polyphenols present in the leaves reduce Ag++ ions to Ag0 followed by a color change. Silver nanoparticle formation was ensured by surface plasmon resonance between 400 nm to 500 nm. Crystallinity of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by UHRTEM, SAED and XRD analysis. The capping of phytochemicals and thermal stability of RcAgNPs were assessed by FTIR spectra and TGA analysis, respectively. It also showed antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative strains. RcAgNPs were non-toxic against normal cell line (mouse fibroblast cell line L929) at lower concentrations (80 µg ml-1).

Numerical emulation of Thru-Reflection-Line calibration for the de-embedding of Surface Acoustic Wave devices.

PubMed

Mencarelli, D; Djafari-Rouhani, B; Pennec, Y; Pitanti, A; Zanotto, S; Stocchi, M; Pierantoni, L

2018-06-18

In this contribution, a rigorous numerical calibration is proposed to characterize the excitation of propagating mechanical waves by interdigitated transducers (IDTs). The transition from IDT terminals to phonon waveguides is modeled by means of a general circuit representation that makes use of Scattering Matrix (SM) formalism. In particular, the three-step calibration approach called the Thru-Reflection-Line (TRL), that is a well-established technique in microwave engineering, has been successfully applied to emulate typical experimental conditions. The proposed procedure is suitable for the synthesis/optimization of surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) based devices: the TRL calibration allows to extract/de-embed the acoustic component, namely resonator or filter, from the outer IDT structure, regardless of complexity and size of the letter. We report, as a result, the hybrid scattering parameters of the IDT transition to a mechanical waveguide formed by a phononic crystal patterned on a piezoelectric AlN membrane, where the effect of a discontinuity from periodic to uniform mechanical waveguide is also characterized. In addition, to ensure the correctness of our numerical calculations, the proposed method has been validated by independent calculations.

Carbon Nanotube-Based Supercapacitors with Excellent ac Line Filtering and Rate Capability via Improved Interfacial Impedance.

PubMed

Rangom, Yverick; Tang, Xiaowu Shirley; Nazar, Linda F

2015-07-28

We report the fabrication of high-performance, self-standing composite sp(2)-carbon supercapacitor electrodes using single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive binder. The 3-D mesoporous mesh architecture of CNT-based composite electrodes grants unimpaired ionic transport throughout relatively thick films and allows superior performance compared to graphene-based devices at an ac line frequency of 120 Hz. Metrics of 601 μF/cm(2) with a -81° phase angle and a rate capability (RC) time constant of 199 μs are obtained for thin carbon films. The free-standing carbon films were obtained from a chlorosulfonic acid dispersion and interfaced to stainless steel current collectors with various surface treatments. CNT electrodes were able to cycle at 200 V/s and beyond, still showing a characteristic parallelepipedic cyclic votammetry shape at 1 kV/s. Current densities are measured in excess of 6400 A/g, and the electrodes retain more than 98% capacity after 1 million cycles. These promising results are attributed to a reduction of series resistance in the film through the CNT conductive network and especially to the surface treatment of the stainless steel current collector.

Contact-angle hysteresis on periodic microtextured surfaces: Strongly corrugated liquid interfaces.

PubMed

Iliev, Stanimir; Pesheva, Nina

2016-06-01

We study numerically the shapes of a liquid meniscus in contact with ultrahydrophobic pillar surfaces in Cassie's wetting regime, when the surface is covered with identical and periodically distributed micropillars. Using the full capillary model we obtain the advancing and the receding equilibrium meniscus shapes when the cross-sections of the pillars are both of square and circular shapes, for a broad interval of pillar concentrations. The bending of the liquid interface in the area between the pillars is studied in the framework of the full capillary model and compared to the results of the heterogeneous approximation model. The contact angle hysteresis is obtained when the three-phase contact line is located on one row (block case) or several rows (kink case) of pillars. It is found that the contact angle hysteresis is proportional to the line fraction of the contact line on pillars tops in the block case and to the surface fraction for pillar concentrations 0.1-0.5 in the kink case. The contact angle hysteresis does not depend on the shape (circular or square) of the pillars cross-section. The expression for the proportionality of the receding contact angle to the line fraction [Raj et al., Langmuir 28, 15777 (2012)LANGD50743-746310.1021/la303070s] in the case of block depinning is theoretically substantiated through the capillary force, acting on the solid plate at the meniscus contact line.

Liquid gallium-lead mixture phase diagram, surface tension near the critical mixing point, and prewetting transition.

PubMed

Osman, S M; Grosdidier, B; Ali, I; Abdellah, A Ben

2013-06-01

Quite recently, we reported a semianalytical equation of state (EOS) for the Ga-Pb alloy [Phys. Rev. B 78, 024205 (2008)], which was based on the first-order perturbation theory of fluid mixtures, within the simplified random phase approximation, in conjunction with the Grosdidier et al. model pair potentials for Ga-Ga and Pb-Pb with a suitable nonadditive pair potential between Ga-Pb unlike pairs. In the present work, we employ the present EOS to calculate the Ga-Pb phase diagram along the immiscibility gap region. The accuracy of the EOS is tested by consulting the empirical binodal curve. A statistical-mechanical-based theory for the surface tension is employed to obtain an analytical expression for the alloy surface tension. We calculated the surface tension along the bimodal curve and at extreme conditions of temperatures and pressures. The surface tension exhibits reasonably well the prewetting transition of Pb atoms at the surface of the Ga-rich liquid alloy and could qualitatively explain the prewetting phenomena occurring in the Ga-rich side of the phase diagram. The predicted prewetting line and wetting temperature qualitatively agree with the empirical measurements.

Investigation on surface layer characteristics of shot peened graphene reinforced Al composite by X-ray diffraction method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhan, Ke; Wu, Yihao; Li, Jiongli; Zhao, Bin; Yan, Ya; Xie, Lechun; Wang, Lianbo; Ji, V.

2018-03-01

Graphene reinforced Al composite with high mechanical property was successfully reported. However, there are quite limited studies about shot peening effect on this new type material. Here, 1.0 wt% graphene reinforced Al composite was produced by powder metallurgy and treated by shot peening. The surface layer characteristics of shot peened composite was investigated by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis. The microstructure including domain size, micro-strain, dislocation density and crystalline texture were analyzed. The results showed that after surface shot-peening, the domain size were refined, the dislocation density of the composite was increased sharply to 9.0 × 1011/cm2 at the top surface. The original strong texture was diminished after shot peening. Based on the calculated results, the microstructure variation of composite was more severe than that of Al without graphene reinforcement after shot peening. Besides, the micro-hardness of composite at the top surface increased up to 75HV one time higher than that of matrix. It is concluded that shot peening can be considered as an essential process of improving the surface properties of graphene reinforced Al composite.

Epithermal Neutron Evidence for a Diurnal Surface Hydration Process in the Moon's High Latitudes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McClanahan, T. P.; Mitrofanov, I. G.; Boynton, W. V.; Chin, G.; Parsons, A.; Starr, R. D.; Evans, L. G.; Sanin, A.; Litvak, M.; Livengood, T.

2015-01-01

We report evidence from epithermal neutron flux observations that show that the Moon's high latitude surfaces are being actively hydrated, dehydrated and rehydrated in a diurnal cycle. The near-surface hydration is indicated by an enhanced suppression of the lunar epithermal neutron leakage flux on the dayside of the dawn terminator on poleward-facing slopes (PFS). At 0600 to 0800 local-time, hydrogen concentrations within the upper 1 meter of PFS are observed to be maximized relative to equivalent equator-facing slopes (EFS). During the lunar day surface hydrogen concentrations diminish towards dusk and then rebuild overnight. Surface hydration is determined by differential comparison of the averaged EFS to PFS epithermal neutron count rates above +/- 75 deg latitude. At dawn the contrast bias towards PFS is consistent with at least 15 to 25 parts-per-million (ppm) hydrogen that dissipates by dusk. We review several lines of evidence derived from temperature and epithermal neutron data by a correlated analysis of observations from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's (LRO) Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) that were mapped as a function of lunar local-time, Lunar Observing Laser Altimeter (LOLA) topography and Diviner (DLRE) surface temperature.

Quasi-static motion of microparticles at the depinning contact line of an evaporating droplet on PDMS surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Ying-Song; Xia, Xue-Lian; Zheng, Xu; Huang, Xianfu; Zhou, Jin-Zhi

2017-09-01

In this paper, evaporation of sessile water droplets containing fluorescent polystyrene (PS) microparticles on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces with different curing ratios was studied experimentally using laser confocal microscopy. At the beginning, there were some microparticles located at the contact line and some microparticles moved towards the line. Due to contact angle hysteresis, at first both the contact line and the microparticles were pinned. With the depinning contact line, the microparticles moved together spontaneously. Using the software ImageJ, the location of contact lines at different time were acquired and the circle centers and radii of the contact lines were obtained via the least square method. Then the average distance of two neighbor contact lines at a certain time interval was obtained to characterize the motion of the contact line. Fitting the distance-time curve at the depinning contact line stage with polynomials and differentiating the polynomials with time, we obtained the velocity and acceleration of both the contact line and the microparticles located at the line. The velocity and the maximum acceleration were, respectively, of the orders of 1 μm/s and 20-200 nm/s2, indicating that the motion of the microparticles located at the depinning contact line was quasi-static. Finally, we presented a theoretical model to describe the quasi-static process, which may help in understanding both self-pinning and depinning of microparticles.

Automatic Overset Grid Generation with Heuristic Feedback Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Peter I.

2001-01-01

An advancing front grid generation system for structured Overset grids is presented which automatically modifies Overset structured surface grids and control lines until user-specified grid qualities are achieved. The system is demonstrated on two examples: the first refines a space shuttle fuselage control line until global truncation error is achieved; the second advances, from control lines, the space shuttle orbiter fuselage top and fuselage side surface grids until proper overlap is achieved. Surface grids are generated in minutes for complex geometries. The system is implemented as a heuristic feedback control (HFC) expert system which iteratively modifies the input specifications for Overset control line and surface grids. It is developed as an extension of modern control theory, production rules systems and subsumption architectures. The methodology provides benefits over the full knowledge lifecycle of an expert system for knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, and knowledge execution. The vector/matrix framework of modern control theory systematically acquires and represents expert system knowledge. Missing matrix elements imply missing expert knowledge. The execution of the expert system knowledge is performed through symbolic execution of the matrix algebra equations of modern control theory. The dot product operation of matrix algebra is generalized for heuristic symbolic terms. Constant time execution is guaranteed.

Generation of murine tumor cell lines deficient in MHC molecule surface expression using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

PubMed

Das, Krishna; Eisel, David; Lenkl, Clarissa; Goyal, Ashish; Diederichs, Sven; Dickes, Elke; Osen, Wolfram; Eichmüller, Stefan B

2017-01-01

In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to establish murine tumor cell lines, devoid of MHC I or MHC II surface expression, respectively. The melanoma cell line B16F10 and the murine breast cancer cell line EO-771, the latter stably expressing the tumor antigen NY-BR-1 (EO-NY), were transfected with an expression plasmid encoding a β2m-specific single guide (sg)RNA and Cas9. The resulting MHC I negative cells were sorted by flow cytometry to obtain single cell clones, and loss of susceptibility of peptide pulsed MHC I negative clones to peptide-specific CTL recognition was determined by IFNγ ELISpot assay. The β2m knockout (KO) clones did not give rise to tumors in syngeneic mice (C57BL/6N), unless NK cells were depleted, suggesting that outgrowth of the β2m KO cell lines was controlled by NK cells. Using sgRNAs targeting the β-chain encoding locus of the IAb molecule we also generated several B16F10 MHC II KO clones. Peptide loaded B16F10 MHC II KO cells were insusceptible to recognition by OT-II cells and tumor growth was unaltered compared to parental B16F10 cells. Thus, in our hands the CRISPR/Cas9 system has proven to be an efficient straight forward strategy for the generation of MHC knockout cell lines. Such cell lines could serve as parental cells for co-transfection of compatible HLA alleles together with human tumor antigens of interest, thereby facilitating the generation of HLA matched transplantable tumor models, e.g. in HLAtg mouse strains of the newer generation, lacking cell surface expression of endogenous H2 molecules. In addition, our tumor cell lines established might offer a useful tool to investigate tumor reactive T cell responses that function independently from MHC molecule surface expression by the tumor.

Wetting failure of hydrophilic surfaces promoted by surface roughness

PubMed Central

Zhao, Meng-Hua; Chen, Xiao-Peng; Wang, Qing

2014-01-01

Wetting failure is of vital importance to many physical phenomena, such as industrial coating and drop emission. Here we show when and how the surface roughness promotes the destabilization of a moving contact line on a hydrophilic surface. Beyond the balance of the driving force and viscous resistance where a stable wetting interface is sustained, wetting failure occurs and is modified by the roughness of the surface. The promoting effect arises only when the wetting velocity is high enough to create a gas-liquid-solid composite interface in the vicinity of the moving contact line, and it is a function of the intrinsic contact angle and proportion of solid tops. We propose a model to explain splashes of rough solid spheres impacting into liquids. It reveals a novel concept that dynamic wetting on hydrophilic rough surfaces can be similar to that on hydrophobic surfaces, and brings a new way to design surfaces with specific wetting properties. PMID:24948390

Undulated Nozzle for Enhanced Exit Area Mixing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seiner, John M. (Inventor); Gilinsky, Mikhail M. (Inventor)

2000-01-01

A nozzle having an undulating surface for enhancing the mixing of a primary flow with a secondary flow or ambient air, without requiring an ejector. The nozzle includes a nozzle structure and design for introducing counter-rotating vorticity into the primary flow either through (i) internal surface corrugations where an axisymmetric line through each corrugation is coincident with an axisymmetric line through the center of the flow passageway or (ii) through one or more sets of alternating convexities and cavities in the internal surface of the nozzle where an axisymmetric line through each convexity and cavity is coincident with an axisymmetric line through the center of the flow passageway, and where the convexities contract from the entrance end towards the exit end. Exit area mixing is also enhanced by one or more chevrons attached to the exit edge of the nozzle. The nozzle is ideally suited for application as a jet engine nozzle. When used as a jet engine nozzle, noise suppression with simultaneous thrust augmentation/minimal thrust loss is achieved.

Task factor usability ratings for different age groups writing Chinese.

PubMed

Chan, A H S; So, J C Y

2009-11-01

This study evaluated how different task factors affect performance and user subjective preferences for three different age groups of Chinese subjects (6-11, 20-23, 65-70 years) when hand writing Chinese characters. The subjects copied Chinese character sentences with different settings for the task factors of writing plane angle (horizontal 0 degrees , slanted 15 degrees ), writing direction (horizontal, vertical), and line spacing (5 mm, 7 mm and no lines). Writing speed was measured and subjective preferences (effectiveness and satisfaction) were assessed for each of the task factor settings. The result showed that there was a conflict between writing speed and personal preference for the line spacing factor; 5 mm line spacing increased writing speed but it was the least preferred. It was also found that: vertical and horizontal writing directions and a slanted work surface suited school-aged children; a horizontal work surface and horizontal writing direction suited university students; and a horizontal writing direction with either a horizontal or slanted work surface suited the older adults.

Suppression of dilution in Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy cladding layer by controlling diode laser beam profile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanigawa, Daichi; Funada, Yoshinori; Abe, Nobuyuki; Tsukamoto, Masahiro; Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Yamazaki, Hiroyuki; Tatsumi, Yoshihiro; Yoneyama, Mikio

2018-02-01

A Ni-Cr-Si-B alloy layer was produced on a type 304 stainless steel plate by laser cladding. In order to produce cladding layer with smooth surface and low dilution, influence of laser beam profile on cladding layer was investigated. A laser beam with a constant spatial intensity at the focus spot was used to suppress droplet formation during the cladding layer formation. This line spot, formed with a focussing unit designed by our group, suppressed droplet generation. The layer formed using this line spot with a constant spatial intensity had a much smoother surface compared to a layer formed using a line spot with a Gaussian-like beam. In addition, the dilution of the former layer was much smaller. These results indicated that a line spot with a constant spatial intensity was more effective in producing a cladding layer with smooth surface and low dilution because it suppressed droplet generation.

Accurate Theoretical Methane Line Lists in the Infrared up to 3000 K and Quasi-continuum Absorption/Emission Modeling for Astrophysical Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rey, Michael; Tyuterev, Vladimir G.; Nikitin, Andrei V., E-mail: michael.rey@univ-reims.fr

Modeling atmospheres of hot exoplanets and brown dwarfs requires high- T databases that include methane as the major hydrocarbon. We report a complete theoretical line list of {sup 12}CH{sub 4} in the infrared range 0–13,400 cm{sup −1} up to T {sub max} = 3000 K computed via a full quantum-mechanical method from ab initio potential energy and dipole moment surfaces. Over 150 billion transitions were generated with the lower rovibrational energy cutoff 33,000 cm{sup −1} and intensity cutoff down to 10{sup −33} cm/molecule to ensure convergent opacity predictions. Empirical corrections for 3.7 million of the strongest transitions permitted line positionmore » accuracies of 0.001–0.01 cm{sup −1}. Full data are partitioned into two sets. “Light lists” contain strong and medium transitions necessary for an accurate description of sharp features in absorption/emission spectra. For a fast and efficient modeling of quasi-continuum cross sections, billions of tiny lines are compressed in “super-line” libraries according to Rey et al. These combined data will be freely accessible via the TheoReTS information system (http://theorets.univ-reims.fr, http://theorets.tsu.ru), which provides a user-friendly interface for simulations of absorption coefficients, cross-sectional transmittance, and radiance. Comparisons with cold, room, and high- T experimental data show that the data reported here represent the first global theoretical methane lists suitable for high-resolution astrophysical applications.« less

Radio Recombination Line Surveys of the inner Galactic Plane: SIGGMA and GDIGS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Bin; Anderson, Loren Dean; Luisi, Matteo; Balser, Dana; Bania, Thomas; Wenger, Trey; Haffner, Lawrence Matthew; Minchin, Robert; Roshi, Anish; Churchwell, Edward; Terzian, Yervant; McIntyre, Travis; Lebron, Mayra; SIGGMA team, GDIGS team

2018-01-01

Ionized gas is one of the primary components of the interstellar medium (ISM) and plays a crucial role in star formation and galaxy evolution. Radio recombination lines (RRLs) can directly trace ionized gas in HII regions and warm ionized medium (WIM) without being affected by interstellar extinction. Single-dish telescopes like Arecibo Observatory and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) are sensitive to low surface brightness emission, and are therefore powerful tools for the study of HII regions and the WIM. We report here on two large surveys of RRL emission: The Survey of Ionized Gas in the Galaxy, Made with the Arecibo telescope (SIGGMA) and the GBT Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (GDIGS). These are the first large-scale fully-sampled RRL surveys, and together cover nearly the entire first quadrant of the Galactic plane at ~arcmin spatial resolution (l = -5 - 32 deg. for GDIGS and l = 32 - 70 deg. for SIGGMA). SIGGMA is performed with the Arecibo L-band Feed Array (ALFA) receiver, whose bandpass covers twelve hydrogen alpha lines from H163α to H174α. By stacking the α-lines and smoothing to 4 km/s velocity resolution, the final SIGGMA spectra have a mean rms level of ~0.65 mJy per beam. The GDIGS data were taken with the GBT C-band receiver and the VEGAS backend and include RRLs from H95α to H117α, and when stacked and smoothed to 5 km/s resolution achieve 1 mJy per beam rms. Here, we report on early analysis of the SIGGMA and GDIGS data, and present first scientific results.

Experimental visualization of the cathode layer in AC surface dielectric barrier discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Sang-You; Lho, Taihyeop; Chung, Kyu-Sun

2018-06-01

A narrow etched polyimide line at the bottom edge of a biased electrode (BE) and a non-etched dielectric surface near the biased electrode were observed in an atmospheric AC flexible surface dielectric barrier discharge of polyimide dielectric. These findings are attributed to the bombardment of positive oxygen ions on the bottom edge of the BE and the electron breakdown trajectory not contacting the polyimide surface following the electric field lines formed between the BE edge and the surface charge layer on the dielectric. The length of the non-etched dielectric surface during the first micro-discharge was observed as 22 μm. This occurred, regardless of three different operating durations, which is in good agreement with the length of the cathode layer according to Paschen's law.

Probing Stellar Accretion with Mid-infrared Hydrogen Lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rigliaco, Elisabetta; Pascucci, I.; Duchene, G.; Edwards, S.; Ardila, D. R.; Grady, C.; Mendigutía, I.; Montesinos, B.; Mulders, G. D.; Najita, J. R.; Carpenter, J.; Furlan, E.; Gorti, U.; Meijerink, R.; Meyer, M. R.

2015-03-01

In this paper we investigate the origin of the mid-infrared (IR) hydrogen recombination lines for a sample of 114 disks in different evolutionary stages (full, transitional, and debris disks) collected from the Spitzer archive. We focus on the two brighter H I lines observed in the Spitzer spectra, the H I (7-6) at 12.37 μm and the H I (9-7) at 11.32 μm. We detect the H I (7-6) line in 46 objects, and the H I (9-7) in 11. We compare these lines with the other most common gas line detected in Spitzer spectra, the [Ne II] at 12.81 μm. We argue that it is unlikely that the H I emission originates from the photoevaporating upper surface layers of the disk, as has been found for the [Ne II] lines toward low-accreting stars. Using the H I (9-7)/H I (7-6) line ratios we find these gas lines are likely probing gas with hydrogen column densities of 1010-1011 cm-3. The subsample of objects surrounded by full and transitional disks show a positive correlation between the accretion luminosity and the H I line luminosity. These two results suggest that the observed mid-IR H I lines trace gas accreting onto the star in the same way as other hydrogen recombination lines at shorter wavelengths. A pure chromospheric origin of these lines can be excluded for the vast majority of full and transitional disks. We report for the first time the detection of the H I (7-6) line in eight young (<20 Myr) debris disks. A pure chromospheric origin cannot be ruled out in these objects. If the H I (7-6) line traces accretion in these older systems, as in the case of full and transitional disks, the strength of the emission implies accretion rates lower than 10-10 M ⊙ yr-1. We discuss some advantages of extending accretion indicators to longer wavelengths, and the next steps required pinning down the origin of mid-IR hydrogen lines.

Line spring model and its applications to part-through crack problems in plates and shells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erdogan, Fazil; Aksel, Bulent

1988-01-01

The line spring model is described and extended to cover the problem of interaction of multiple internal and surface cracks in plates and shells. The shape functions for various related crack geometries obtained from the plane strain solution and the results of some multiple crack problems are presented. The problems considered include coplanar surface cracks on the same or opposite sides of a plate, nonsymmetrically located coplanar internal elliptic cracks, and in a very limited way the surface and corner cracks in a plate of finite width and a surface crack in a cylindrical shell with fixed end.

Line Spring Model and Its Applications to Part-Through Crack Problems in Plates and Shells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erdogan, F.; Aksel, B.

1986-01-01

The line spring model is described and extended to cover the problem of interaction of multiple internal and surface cracks in plates and shells. The shape functions for various related crack geometries obtained from the plane strain solution and the results of some multiple crack problems are presented. The problems considered include coplanar surface cracks on the same or opposite sides of a plate, nonsymmetrically located coplanar internal elliptic cracks, and in a very limited way the surface and corner cracks in a plate of finite width and a surface crack in a cylindrical shell with fixed end.

Lane detection using Randomized Hough Transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mongkonyong, Peerawat; Nuthong, Chaiwat; Siddhichai, Supakorn; Yamakita, Masaki

2018-01-01

According to the report of the Royal Thai Police between 2006 and 2015, lane changing without consciousness is one of the most accident causes. To solve this problem, many methods are considered. Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) is considered to be one of the potential solutions. LDWS is a mechanism designed to warn the driver when the vehicle begins to move out of its current lane. LDWS contains many parts including lane boundary detection, driver warning and lane marker tracking. This article focuses on the lane boundary detection part. The proposed lane boundary detection detects the lines of the image from the input video and selects the lane marker of the road surface from those lines. Standard Hough Transform (SHT) and Randomized Hough Transform (RHT) are considered in this article. They are used to extract lines of an image. SHT extracts the lines from all of the edge pixels. RHT extracts only the lines randomly picked by the point pairs from edge pixels. RHT algorithm reduces the time and memory usage when compared with SHT. The increase of the threshold value in RHT will increase the voted limit of the line that has a high possibility to be the lane marker, but it also consumes the time and memory. By comparison between SHT and RHT with the different threshold values, 500 frames of input video from the front car camera will be processed. The accuracy and the computational time of RHT are similar to those of SHT in the result of the comparison.

The fibroblast surface markers FAP, anti-fibroblast, and FSP are expressed by cells of epithelial origin and may be altered during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

PubMed

Kahounová, Zuzana; Kurfürstová, Daniela; Bouchal, Jan; Kharaishvili, Gvantsa; Navrátil, Jiří; Remšík, Ján; Šimečková, Šárka; Študent, Vladimír; Kozubík, Alois; Souček, Karel

2017-04-06

The identification of fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts from human cancer tissue using surface markers is difficult, especially because the markers used currently are usually not expressed solely by fibroblasts, and the identification of fibroblast-specific surface molecules is still under investigation. It was aimed to compare three commercially available antibodies in the detection of different surface epitopes of fibroblasts (anti-fibroblast, fibroblast activation protein α, and fibroblast surface protein). The specificity of their expression, employing fibroblast cell lines and tumor-derived fibroblasts from breast and prostate tissues was investigated. Both the established fibroblast cell line HFF-1 and ex vivo primary fibroblasts isolated from breast and prostate cancer tissues expressed the tested surface markers to different degrees. Surprisingly, those markers were expressed also by permanent cell lines of epithelial origin, both benign and cancer-derived (breast-cell lines MCF 10A, HMLE and prostate-cell lines BPH-1, DU 145, and PC-3). The expression of fibroblast activation protein α increased on the surface of previously described models of epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in response to treatment with TGF-β1. To prove the co-expression of the fibroblast markers on cells of epithelial origin, we used freshly dissociated human prostate and breast cancer tissues. The results confirmed the co-expression of anti-fibroblast and fibroblast surface protein on CD31/CD45-negative/EpCAM-positive epithelial cells. In summary, our data support the findings that the tested fibroblast markers are not fibroblast specific and may be expressed also by cells of epithelial origin (e.g., cells undergoing EMT). Therefore, the expression of these markers should be interpreted with caution, and the combination of several epitopes for both positive (anti-fibroblast or fibroblast activation protein α) and negative (EpCAM) identification of fibroblasts from breast and prostate tumor tissues is advised. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.

Characterization of stem-like cells in a new astroblastoma cell line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Coban, Esra Aydemir; Kasikci, Ezgi; Karatas, Omer Faruk

Cell lines established from tumors are the most commonly used models in cancer research, and their use in recent years has enabled a greater understanding of the biology of cancer and the means to develop effective treatment strategies. Astroblastomas are uncommon neuroepithelial tumors of glial origin, predominantly affecting young people, mainly teenagers and children, predominantly females. To date, only a single study has reported that astroblastomas contain a large number of neural stem-like cells, which had only a partial proliferation capacity and differentiation. Our objective was to establish an astroblastoma cell line to investigate the presence of astroblastic cells andmore » cancer stem-like cells. The migratory and invasion abilities of the cells were quantified with invasion and migration assays and compared to a glioblastoma cell line. The presence of stem cells was detected with surface-marker analysis by using flow cytometry, and measuring the differentiation ability with a differentiation assay and the self-renewal capacity with a sphere-forming assay. These characteristics may determine whether this novel cell line is a model for astroblastomas that may have stem-cell characteristics. With this novel cell line, scientists can investigate the molecular pathways underlying astroblastomas and develop new therapeutic strategies for patients with these tumors. - Highlights: • An establishment of a novel astroblastoma cell line was proposed. • The presence of astroblastic cells and cancer stem-like cells was investigated. • The molecular pathways underlying astroblastomas may be investigated. • New therapeutic strategies for patients with astroblastoma may be developed.« less

Acoustic method of investigating the material properties and humidity sensing behavior of polymer coated piezoelectric substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caliendo, Cinzia

2006-09-01

The relative humidity (RH) sensing behavior of a polymeric film was investigated by means of polymer coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay lines implemented on single crystal piezoelectric substrates, such as quartz and LiNbO3, and on thin piezoelectric polycrystalline films, such as ZnO and AlN, on Si and GaAs. The same SAW delay line configuration was implemented on each substrate and the obtained devices' operating frequency was in the range of 105-156MHz, depending on the type of the substrate, on its crystallographic orientation, and on the SAW propagation direction. The surface of each SAW device was covered by the same type RH sensitive film of the same thickness and the RH sensitivity of each polymer coated substrate, i.e., the SAW relative phase velocity shift per RH unit changes, was investigated in the 0%—80% RH range. The perturbational approach was used to relate the SAW sensor velocity response to the RH induced changes in the physical parameters of the sensitive polymer film: the incremental change in the mass density and shear modulus of the polymer film per unit RH change were estimated. The shift of the bare SAW delay lines operating frequency induced by the presence of the polymer film, at RH =0% and at T =-10°C, allowed the experimental estimation of the mass sensitivity values of each substrate. These values were in good accordance with those reported in the literature and with those theoretically evaluated by exact numerical calculation. The shift of the bare SAW delay lines propagation loss induced by the polymer coating of the device surface, at RH =0% and at ambient temperature, allowed the experimental estimation of the elastic sensitivity of each substrate. These values were found in good accordance with those available from the literature. The temperature coefficient of delay and the electromechanical coupling coefficient of the bare substrates were also estimated. The membrane sensitivity to ethanol, methanol and isopropylic alcohol was tested by means of a high-frequency (670MHz) high-sensitivity Si /AlN resonator sensor.

A new application of PVDF line-focus transducers on measuring dispersion curves of a layered medium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Yung-Chun; Ko, Shin-Pin

2000-05-01

In the past few years, PVDF line-focus acoustic transducers have been proven to be a useful and convenient tool for accurately measuring surface wave velocity. The transducer is very easy to construct and the measurement system can be readily established with conventional ultrasonic instruments. In this investigation, however, the capability of PVDF line-focus transducers will be further extended to the measurement of dispersion relation of surface acoustic waves of a layered medium. To achieve this, a number of line-focus transducers are first fabricated with PVDF films of various thickness so that they can operate at different frequencies. Experimental testing on these transducers shows that surface acoustic waves of frequency ranging from 2 MHz to 20 MHz can be effectively generated and detected. For the determination of surface wave velocity as a function of frequency, a new method of processing the measured waveforms during a z-direction defocusing measurements is developed. A mathematical model is given to explain how this method works. With the transducers and the analyzing method, the surface wave dispersion relation of a layer/substrate configuration have been experimentally determined. Samples include thick polymeric films as well as metal films deposited on glass, aluminum, and silicon crystal. Possibility of determining material properties of the layers from the measured dispersion curves will be discussed.

PLOT3D- DRAWING THREE DIMENSIONAL SURFACES

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Canright, R. B.

1994-01-01

PLOT3D is a package of programs to draw three-dimensional surfaces of the form z = f(x,y). The function f and the boundary values for x and y are the input to PLOT3D. The surface thus defined may be drawn after arbitrary rotations. However, it is designed to draw only functions in rectangular coordinates expressed explicitly in the above form. It cannot, for example, draw a sphere. Output is by off-line incremental plotter or online microfilm recorder. This package, unlike other packages, will plot any function of the form z = f(x,y) and portrays continuous and bounded functions of two independent variables. With curve fitting; however, it can draw experimental data and pictures which cannot be expressed in the above form. The method used is division into a uniform rectangular grid of the given x and y ranges. The values of the supplied function at the grid points (x, y) are calculated and stored; this defines the surface. The surface is portrayed by connecting successive (y,z) points with straight-line segments for each x value on the grid and, in turn, connecting successive (x,z) points for each fixed y value on the grid. These lines are then projected by parallel projection onto the fixed yz-plane for plotting. This program has been implemented on the IBM 360/67 with on-line CDC microfilm recorder.

The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Implications for Spectral Line Intensity Mapping at Millimeter Wavelengths and CMB Spectral Distortions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carilli, C. L.; Chluba, J.; Decarli, R.; Walter, F.; Aravena, M.; Wagg, J.; Popping, G.; Cortes, P.; Hodge, J.; Weiss, A.; Bertoldi, F.; Riechers, D.

2016-12-01

We present direct estimates of the mean sky brightness temperature in observing bands around 99 and 242 GHz due to line emission from distant galaxies. These values are calculated from the summed line emission observed in a blind, deep survey for spectral line emission from high redshift galaxies using ALMA (the ALMA spectral deep field observations “ASPECS” survey). In the 99 GHz band, the mean brightness will be dominated by rotational transitions of CO from intermediate and high redshift galaxies. In the 242 GHz band, the emission could be a combination of higher order CO lines, and possibly [C II] 158 μm line emission from very high redshift galaxies (z ˜ 6-7). The mean line surface brightness is a quantity that is relevant to measurements of spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background, and as a potential tool for studying large-scale structures in the early universe using intensity mapping. While the cosmic volume and the number of detections are admittedly small, this pilot survey provides a direct measure of the mean line surface brightness, independent of conversion factors, excitation, or other galaxy formation model assumptions. The mean surface brightness in the 99 GHZ band is: T B = 0.94 ± 0.09 μK. In the 242 GHz band, the mean brightness is: T B = 0.55 ± 0.033 μK. These should be interpreted as lower limits on the average sky signal, since we only include lines detected individually in the blind survey, while in a low resolution intensity mapping experiment, there will also be the summed contribution from lower luminosity galaxies that cannot be detected individually in the current blind survey.

Targeting B7x and B7-H3 as New Immunotherapies for Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

lymphoid cells lines induced to undergo programmed cell death [17]. Later reports noted that PD-1 is expressed on acti- vated T and B cells , dendritic...is PD-L1 (B7-H1) with wide expression at the mRNA level in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues [37]. It is a cell surface protein that is expressed...of PD-1 [38]. The PD-1/PD-L1 interac- tion induce T- cell tolerance in lymphoid tissue before their exit to the periphery, and blockade of this

Colloidal quantum dot active layers for light emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pagan, Jennifer G.; Stokes, Edward B.; Patel, Kinnari; Burkhart, Casey C.; Ahrens, Michael T.; Barletta, Philip T.; O'Steen, Mark

2006-07-01

In this paper the preliminary results of incorporating a novel active layer into a GaN light emitting diode (LED) are discussed. Integration of colloidal CdSe quantum dots into a GaN LED active layer is demonstrated. Properties of p-type Mg doped overgrowth GaN are examined via circular transmission line method (CTLM). Effects on surface roughness due to the active layer incorporation are examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electroluminescence of LED test structures is reported, and an ideality factor of n = 1.6 is demonstrated.

Surface acoustic wave unidirectional transducers for quantum applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekström, Maria K.; Aref, Thomas; Runeson, Johan; Björck, Johan; Boström, Isac; Delsing, Per

2017-02-01

The conversion efficiency of electric microwave signals into surface acoustic waves in different types of superconducting transducers is studied with the aim of quantum applications. We compare delay lines containing either conventional symmetric transducers (IDTs) or unidirectional transducers (UDTs) at 2.3 GHz and 10 mK. The UDT delay lines improve the insertion loss with 4.7 dB and a directivity of 22 dB is found for each UDT, indicating that 99.4% of the acoustic power goes in the desired direction. The power lost in the undesired direction accounts for more than 90% of the total loss in IDT delay lines, but only ˜3% of the total loss in the floating electrode unidirectional transducer delay lines.

Remanent magnetization of the lunar surface.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pearce, G. W.; Strangway, D. W.; Gose, W. A.

1972-01-01

Two lines of evidence support each other in suggesting that a large volume of the rocks near the lunar surface possess a uniform remanent magnetization with an intensity of about .000002 emu/g. The first line is the discovery by several groups of investigators of weak but stable remanent magnetizations in igneous samples returned from the first four Apollo missions. Although the mechanism of acquisition of this remanence has not been definitely established, several lines of evidence, including thermal demagnetization, suggest that it is a thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) carried by iron. Many of the breccias are similarly magnetized. The second line is the measurement of significant fields at the Apollo sites and the discovery of large-scale anomalies by the sub-satellite magnetometer experiment.

Mycorrhizas and soil ecosystem function of co-existing woody vegetation islands at the alpine tree line.

PubMed

Wang, Lixia; Otgonsuren, Burenjargal; Godbold, Douglas L

2017-01-01

Picea abies , Pinus mugo and Rhododendron ferrugineum co-exist at the alpine tree line, and can have different mycorrhizal communities. The activity and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi are considered to be important factors in regulation of soil function. At a tree line site and a lower elevation site in the Austrian Alps, the community structure of ectomycorrhiza on Picea abies and Pinus mugo was determined. The activity of surface enzymes was determined on ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal roots. In soils, the activity of a range of enzymes, nitrogen (N) mineralization and biomass decomposition were determined. The community structure of the ectomycorrhizal community of Picea abies and Pinus mugo differed strongly, but the average activity of surface enzymes of the ectomycorrhizal communities was similar. A lower root surface enzyme activity was determined on Rhododendron ferrugineum . Soil N-mineralization under Rhododendron ferrugineum was significantly lower than under Picea abies and Pinus mugo . In soil, the activity of a range of enzymes did not differ at the tree line but differed between the tree line and the lower elevation sites. The different ectomycorrhizal communities on Picea abies and Pinus mugo and ericoid mycorrhizas on Rhododendron ferrugineum support similar ecosystem functions in soil.

High Accuracy Potential Energy Surface, Dipole Moment Surface, Rovibrational Energies and Line List Calculations for ^{14}NH_3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coles, Phillip; Yurchenko, Sergei N.; Polyansky, Oleg; Kyuberis, Aleksandra; Ovsyannikov, Roman I.; Zobov, Nikolay Fedorovich; Tennyson, Jonathan

2017-06-01

We present a new spectroscopic potential energy surface (PES) for ^{14}NH_3, produced by refining a high accuracy ab initio PES to experimental energy levels taken predominantly from MARVEL. The PES reproduces 1722 matched J=0-8 experimental energies with a root-mean-square error of 0.035 cm-1 under 6000 cm^{-1} and 0.059 under 7200 cm^{-1}. In conjunction with a new DMS calculated using multi reference configuration interaction (MRCI) and H=aug-cc-pVQZ, N=aug-cc-pWCVQZ basis sets, an infrared (IR) line list has been computed which is suitable for use up to 2000 K. The line list is used to assign experimental lines in the 7500 - 10,500 cm^{-1} region and previously unassigned lines in HITRAN in the 6000-7000 cm^{-1} region. Oleg L. Polyansky, Roman I. Ovsyannikov, Aleksandra A. Kyuberis, Lorenzo Lodi, Jonathan Tennyson, Andrey Yachmenev, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Nikolai F. Zobov, J. Mol. Spec., 327 (2016) 21-30 Afaf R. Al Derzia, Tibor Furtenbacher, Jonathan Tennyson, Sergei N. Yurchenko, Attila G. Császár, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Trans., 161 (2015) 117-130

Unsteady three-dimensional flow separation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hui, W. H.

1988-01-01

A concise mathematical framework is constructed to study the topology of steady 3-D separated flows of an incompressible, or a compressible viscous fluid. Flow separation is defined by the existence of a stream surface which intersects with the body surface. The line of separation is itself a skin-friction line. Flow separation is classified as being either regular or singular, depending respectively on whether the line of separation contains only a finite number of singular points or is a singular line of the skin-friction field. The special cases of 2-D and axisymmetric flow separation are shown to be of singular type. In regular separation it is shown that a line of separation originates from a saddle point of separation of the skin-friction field and ends at nodal points of separation. Unsteady flow separation is defined relative to a coordinate system fixed to the body surface. It is shown that separation of an unsteady 3-D incompressible viscous flow at time t, when viewed from such a frame of reference, is topologically the same as that of the fictitious steady flow obtained by freezing the unsteady flow at the instant t. Examples are given showing effects of various forms of flow unsteadiness on flow separation.

Amyloid Precursor-like Protein 2 Association with HLA Class I Molecules

PubMed Central

Tuli, Amit; Sharma, Mahak; Wang, Xiaojian; Simone, Laura C.; Capek, Haley L.; Cate, Steven; Hildebrand, William H.; Naslavsky, Naava; Caplan, Steve; Solheim, Joyce C.

2009-01-01

Amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) is a ubiquitously expressed protein. The previously demonstrated functions for APLP2 include binding to the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule H-2Kd and down regulating its cell surface expression. In this study, we have investigated the interaction of APLP2 with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule in human tumor cell lines. APLP2 was readily detected in pancreatic, breast, and prostate tumor lines, although it was found only in very low amounts in lymphoma cell lines. In a pancreatic tumor cell line, HLA class I was extensively co-localized with APLP2 in vesicular compartments following endocytosis of HLA class I molecules. In pancreatic, breast, and prostate tumor lines, APLP2 was bound to the HLA class I molecule. APLP2 was found to bind to HLA-A24, and more strongly to HLA-A2. Increased expression of APLP2 resulted in reduced surface expression of HLA-A2 and HLA-A24. Overall, these studies demonstrate that APLP2 binds to the HLA class I molecule, co-localizes with it in intracellular vesicles, and reduces the level of HLA class I molecule cell surface expression. PMID:19184004

Non-linear unsteady wing theory, part 1. Quasi two-dimensional behavior: Airfoils and slender wings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccune, J. E.

1987-01-01

The initial phases of a study of the large-amplitude unsteady aerodynamics of wings in severe maneuver are reported. The research centers on vortex flows, their initiation at wing surfaces, their subsequent convection, and interaction dynamically with wings and control surfaces. The focus is on 2D and quasi-2D aspects of the problem and features the development of an exact nonlinear unsteady airfoil theory as well as an approach to the crossflow problem for slender wing applications including leading-edge separation. The effective use of interactive on-line computing in quantifying and visualizing the nonsteady effects of severe maneuver is demonstrated. Interactive computational work is now possible, in which a maneuver can be initiated and its effects observed and analyzed immediately.

Huygens-Fresnel Acoustic Interference and the Development of Robust Time-Averaged Patterns from Traveling Surface Acoustic Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devendran, Citsabehsan; Collins, David J.; Ai, Ye; Neild, Adrian

2017-04-01

Periodic pattern generation using time-averaged acoustic forces conventionally requires the intersection of counterpropagating wave fields, where suspended micro-objects in a microfluidic system collect along force potential minimizing nodal or antinodal lines. Whereas this effect typically requires either multiple transducer elements or whole channel resonance, we report the generation of scalable periodic patterning positions without either of these conditions. A single propagating surface acoustic wave interacts with the proximal channel wall to produce a knife-edge effect according to the Huygens-Fresnel principle, where these cylindrically propagating waves interfere with classical wave fronts emanating from the substrate. We simulate these conditions and describe a model that accurately predicts the lateral spacing of these positions in a robust and novel approach to acoustic patterning.

The Effect on Airplane Performance of the Factors That Must Be Considered in Applying Low-Drag Cowling to Radial Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcavoy, William H; Schey, Oscar W; Young, Alfred W

1933-01-01

This report presents the results of flight tests with three different airplanes using several types of low-drag cowling for radial air-cooled engines. The greater part of the tests were made with a Curtiss XF7Cc-1 (Sea Hawk) with a 410 horsepower. Wasp engine, using three fuselage nose shapes and six types of outer cowling. The six cowlings were: a narrow ring, a wide ring, a wide cowling similar in the original NACA cowling, a thick ring incorporating an exhaust collector, a single-surface cowling shaped like the outer surface of the exhaust-collector cowling, and polygon-ring cowling, of which the angle of the straight sections with the thrust line could be varied over a wide range.

Temperature profile of graphite surface burning in a stream of oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kisch, D.

1978-01-01

Using methods for the objective measurement of the spectrum line reversal temperature in burning gases, the temperature profile at a graphite surface burning in a stream of oxygen was measured. From the behavior of the reversal temperature, it follows that particles in long-lived, high-energy states are present in the burning gas, and these bring about an overexcitation of the atomic species emitting the reversal line. Qualitative measurements show that a temperature maximum occurs at the expected distance of 1-2 mm from the graphite surface.

Automatic derivation of natural and artificial lineaments from ALS point clouds in floodplains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandlburger, G.; Briese, C.

2009-04-01

Water flow is one of the most important driving forces in geomorphology and river systems have ever since formed our landscapes. With increasing urbanisation fertile flood plains were more and more cultivated and the defence of valuable settlement areas by dikes and dams became an important issue. Today, we are dealing with landscapes built up by natural as well as man-made artificial forces. In either case the general shape of the terrain can be portrayed by lineaments representing discontinuities of the terrain slope. Our contribution, therefore, presents an automatic method for delineating natural and artificial structure lines based on randomly distributed point data with high density of more than one point/m2. Preferably, the last echoes of airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds are used, since the laser signal is able to penetrate vegetation through small gaps in the foliage. Alternatively, point clouds from (multi) image matching can be employed, but poor ground point coverage in vegetated areas is often the limiting factor. Our approach is divided into three main steps: First, potential 2D start segments are detected by analyzing the surface curvature in the vicinity of each data point, second, the detailed 3D progression of each structure line is modelled patch-wise by intersecting surface pairs (e.g. planar patch pairs) based on the detected start segments and by performing line growing and, finally, post-processing like line cleaning, smoothing and networking is carried out in a last step. For the initial detection of start segments a best fitting two dimensional polynomial surface (quadric) is computed in each data point based on a set of neighbouring points, from which the minimum and maximum curvature is derived. Patches showing high maximum and low minimum curvatures indicate linear discontinuities in the surface slope and serve as start segments for the subsequent 3D modelling. Based on the 2D location and orientation of the start segments, surface patches can be identified as to the left or the right of the structure line. For each patch pair the intersection line is determined by least squares adjustment. The stochastic model considers the planimetric accuracy of the start segments, and the vertical measurement errors in the data points. A robust estimation approach is embedded in the patch adjustment for elimination of off-terrain ALS last echo points. Starting from an initial patch pair, structure line modelling is continued in forward and backward direction as long as certain thresholds (e.g. minimum surface intersection angles) are fulfilled. In the final post-processing step the resulting line set is cleaned by connecting corresponding line parts, by removing short line strings of minor relevance, and by thinning the resulting line set with respect to a certain approximation tolerance in order to reduce the amount of line data. Thus, interactive human verification and editing is limited to a minimum. In a real-world example structure lines were computed for a section of the river Main (ALS, last echoes, 4 points/m2) demonstrating the high potential of the proposed method with respect to accuracy and completeness. Terrestrial control measurements have confirmed the high accuracy expectations both in planimetry (<0.4m) and height (<0.2m).

Optical biosensor for environmental on-line monitoring of naphthalene and salicylate bioavailability with an immobilized bioluminescent catabolic reporter bacterium.

PubMed Central

Heitzer, A; Malachowsky, K; Thonnard, J E; Bienkowski, P R; White, D C; Sayler, G S

1994-01-01

An optical whole-cell biosensor based on a genetically engineered bioluminescent catabolic reporter bacterium was developed for continuous on-line monitoring of naphthalene and salicylate bioavailability and microbial catabolic activity potential in waste streams. The bioluminescent reporter bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44, carries a transcriptional nahG-luxCDABE fusion for naphthalene and salicylate catabolism. Exposure to either compound resulted in inducible bioluminescence. The reporter culture was immobilized onto the surface of an optical light guide by using strontium alginate. This biosensor probe was then inserted into a measurement cell which simultaneously received the waste stream solution and a maintenance medium. Exposure under defined conditions to both naphthalene and salicylate resulted in a rapid increase in bioluminescence. The magnitude of the response and the response time were concentration dependent. Good reproducibility of the response was observed during repetitive perturbations with either naphthalene or salicylate. Exposure to other compounds, such as glucose and complex nutrient medium or toluene, resulted in either minor bioluminescence increases after significantly longer response times compared with naphthalene or no response, respectively. The environmental utility of the biosensor was tested by using real pollutant mixtures. A specific bioluminescence response was obtained after exposure to either an aqueous solution saturated with JP-4 jet fuel or an aqueous leachate from a manufactured-gas plant soil, since naphthalene was present in both pollutant mixtures. PMID:8017932

Contact line friction of electrowetting actuated viscous droplets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vo, Quoc; Tran, Tuan

2018-06-01

We examine the contact line friction coefficient of viscous droplets spreading and retracting on solid surfaces immersed in ambient oil. By using the electrowetting effect, we generate a surface tension imbalance to drive the spreading and the retracting motion of the three-phase contact line (TCL). We show that neither the driving force intensity nor TCL direction significantly influences the friction coefficient. Instead, the friction coefficient depends equivalently on the viscosity of liquid droplets and the surrounding oil. We derive and experimentally verify a transient timescale that can be used to characterize both the spreading and retracting dynamics.

Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, B.D.; Abraham, J.D.; Cannia, J.C.; Minsley, B.J.; Deszcz-Pan, M.; Ball, L.B.

2010-01-01

This report is a release of digital data from a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during June 2009 in areas of western Nebraska as part of a joint hydrologic study by the North Platte Natural Resource District (NRD), South Platte NRD, and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Flight lines for the survey totaled 937 line kilometers (582 line miles). The objective of the contracted survey, conducted by Fugro Airborne, Ltd., is to improve the understanding of the relation between surface-water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. A unique aspect of the survey is the flight line layout. One set of flight lines was flown in a zig-zag pattern extending along the length of the previously collected airborne data. The success of this survey design depended on a well-understood regional hydrogeologic framework and model developed by the Cooperative Hydrologic Study of the Platte River Basin and the airborne geophysical data collected in 2008. Resistivity variations along lines could be related to this framework. In addition to these lines, more traditional surveys consisting of parallel flight lines, separated by about 400 meters were carried out for three blocks in the North Platte NRD, the South Platte NRD and in the area of Crescent Lakes. These surveys helped to establish the spatial variations of the resistivity of hydrostratigraphic units. An additional survey was flown over the Crescent Lake area. The objective of this survey, funded by the USGS Office of Groundwater, was to map shallow hydrogeologic features of the southwestern part of the Sand Hills that contain a mix of fresh to saline lakes.

Ab Initio Calculations of Water Line Strengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwenke, David W.; Partridge, Harry

1998-01-01

We report on the determination of a high quality ab initiu potential energy surface (PES) and dipole moment function for water. This PES is empirically adjusted to improve the agreement between the computed line positions and those from the HITRAN 92 data base with J less than 6 for H2O. The changes in the PES are small, nonetheless including an estimate of core (oxygen 1s) electron correlation greatly improves the agreement with experiment. Using this adjusted PES, we can match 30,092 of the 30,117 transitions in the HITRAN 96 data base for H2O with theoretical lines. The 10,25,50,75, and 90 percentiles of the difference between the calculated and tabulated line positions are -0.11, -0.04, -0.01, 0.02, and 0.07 l/cm. Non-adiabatic effects are not explicitly included. About 3% of the tabulated line positions appear to be incorrect. Similar agreement using this adjusted PES is obtained for the oxygen 17 and oxygen 18 isotopes. For HDO, the agreement is not as good, with root-mean-square error of 0.25 l/cm for lines with J less than 6. This error is reduced to 0.02 l/cm by including a small asymmetric correction to the PES, which is parameterized by simultaneously fitting to HDO md D2O data. Scaling this correction by mass factors yields good results for T2O and HTO. The intensities summed over vibrational bands are usually in good agreement between the calculations and the tabulated results, but individual lines strengths can differ greatly. A high temperature list consisting of 307,721,352 lines is generated for H2O using our PES and dipole moment function.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rigliaco, Elisabetta; Pascucci, I.; Mulders, G. D.

In this paper we investigate the origin of the mid-infrared (IR) hydrogen recombination lines for a sample of 114 disks in different evolutionary stages (full, transitional, and debris disks) collected from the Spitzer archive. We focus on the two brighter H I lines observed in the Spitzer spectra, the H I (7-6) at 12.37 μm and the H I (9-7) at 11.32 μm. We detect the H I (7-6) line in 46 objects, and the H I (9-7) in 11. We compare these lines with the other most common gas line detected in Spitzer spectra, the [Ne II] at 12.81more » μm. We argue that it is unlikely that the H I emission originates from the photoevaporating upper surface layers of the disk, as has been found for the [Ne II] lines toward low-accreting stars. Using the H I (9-7)/H I (7-6) line ratios we find these gas lines are likely probing gas with hydrogen column densities of 10{sup 10}-10{sup 11} cm{sup –3}. The subsample of objects surrounded by full and transitional disks show a positive correlation between the accretion luminosity and the H I line luminosity. These two results suggest that the observed mid-IR H I lines trace gas accreting onto the star in the same way as other hydrogen recombination lines at shorter wavelengths. A pure chromospheric origin of these lines can be excluded for the vast majority of full and transitional disks. We report for the first time the detection of the H I (7-6) line in eight young (<20 Myr) debris disks. A pure chromospheric origin cannot be ruled out in these objects. If the H I (7-6) line traces accretion in these older systems, as in the case of full and transitional disks, the strength of the emission implies accretion rates lower than 10{sup –10} M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1}. We discuss some advantages of extending accretion indicators to longer wavelengths, and the next steps required pinning down the origin of mid-IR hydrogen lines.« less

Effect of Bearing Defects

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-12-01

defect types were tested at various levels: Comet- Tail, Dig-Nick, Dirt Brinell, Grind-Skip Lines, Impingement, Orange Peel , Pit, Scratch and "Liney...Shallow irregular indentation of surface. <.0015 max. dim. -(<.0008)*’ Otange Peel Pebbly appearance of raceway surface. Small ** Comet Tail Pit...scratch; dig-nick; impingement; grind-skip lines; and orange peel . The data obtained indicated that these defects in most cases, affected bearing

Induction of polyploidization in leukemic cell lines and primary bone marrow by Src kinase inhibitor SU6656

PubMed Central

Lannutti, Brian J.; Blake, Noel; Gandhi, Manish J.; Reems, Jo Anna; Drachman, Jonathan G.

2005-01-01

Megakaryocytes (MKs) undergo successive rounds of endomitosis during differentiation, resulting in polyploidy (typically, 16-64N). Previous studies have demonstrated that this occurs through an interruption of normal cell cycle progression during anaphase. However, the molecular mechanism(s) controlling this unique process is undefined. In the present report, we examine the effect of an Src kinase inhibitor, SU6656, on thrombopoietin (TPO)-induced growth and differentiation. Remarkably, when SU6656 (2.5 μM) was added to a megakaryocytic cell line, UT-7/TPO, the cells ceased cell division but continued to accumulate DNA by endomitosis. During this interval, CD41 and CD61 expression on the cell surface increased. Similar effects on polyploidization and MK differentiation were seen with expanded primary MKs, bone marrow from 2 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, and other cell lines with MK potential. Our data suggest that SU6656 might be useful as a differentiation-inducing agent for MKs and is an important tool for understanding the molecular basis of MK endomitosis. PMID:15677565

Flow cytometric techniques for detection of candidate cancer stem cell subpopulations in canine tumour models.

PubMed

Blacking, T M; Waterfall, M; Samuel, K; Argyle, D J

2012-12-01

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis proposes that tumour growth is maintained by a distinct subpopulation of 'CSC'. This study applied flow cytometric methods, reported to detect CSC in both primary and cultured cancer cells of other species, to identify candidate canine subpopulations. Cell lines representing diverse canine malignancies, and cells derived from spontaneous canine tumours, were evaluated for expression of stem cell-associated surface markers (CD34, CD44, CD117 and CD133) and functional properties [Hoecsht 33342 efflux, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity]. No discrete marker-defined subsets were identified within established cell lines; cells derived directly from spontaneous tumours demonstrated more heterogeneity, although this diminished upon in vitro culture. Functional assays produced variable results, suggesting context-dependency. Flow cytometric methods may be adopted to identify putative canine CSC. Whilst cell lines are valuable in assay development, primary cells may provide a more rewarding model for studying tumour heterogeneity in the context of CSC. However, it will be essential to fully characterize any candidate subpopulations to ensure that they meet CSC criteria. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

ExoMol line lists - XXIX. The rotation-vibration spectrum of methyl chloride up to 1200 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Owens, A.; Yachmenev, A.; Thiel, W.; Fateev, A.; Tennyson, J.; Yurchenko, S. N.

2018-06-01

Comprehensive rotation-vibration line lists are presented for the two main isotopologues of methyl chloride, 12CH335Cl and 12CH337Cl. The line lists, OYT-35 and OYT-37, are suitable for temperatures up to T = 1200 K and consider transitions with rotational excitation up to J = 85 in the wavenumber range 0-6400 cm-1 (wavelengths λ > 1.56 μm). Over 166 billion transitions between 10.2 million energy levels have been calculated variationally for each line list using a new empirically refined potential energy surface, determined by refining to 739 experimentally derived energy levels up to J = 5, and an established ab initio dipole moment surface. The OYT line lists show excellent agreement with newly measured high-temperature infrared absorption cross-sections, reproducing both strong and weak intensity features across the spectrum. The line lists are available from the ExoMol database and the CDS database.

[Application of dhfr gene negative Chinese hamster ovary cell line to express hepatitis B virus surface antigen].

PubMed

Yi, Y; Zhang, M; Liu, C

2001-06-01

To set up an efficient expressing system for recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in dhfr gene negative CHO cell line. HBsAg gene expressing plasmid pCI-dhfr-S was constructed by integrating HBsAg gene into plasmid pCI which carries dhfr gene. The HBsAg expressing cell line was set up by transfection of plasmid pCI-dhfr-S into dhfr gene negative CHO cell line in the way of lipofectin. Under the selective pressure of MTX, 18 of 28 clonized cell lines expressed HBsAg, 4 of them reached a high titer of 1:32 and protein content 1-3 micrograms/ml. In this study, the high level expression of HBsAg demonstrated that the dhfr negative mammalian cell line when recombined with plasmid harboring the corresponding deleted gene can efficiently express the foreign gene. The further steps toward building optimum conditions of the expressing system and the increase of expressed product are under study.

Electrical detection and analysis of surface acoustic wave in line-defect two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Feida; Li, Honglang; Tian, Yahui; Ke, Yabing; Cheng, Lina; Lou, Wei; He, Shitang

2018-03-01

Line-defect piezoelectric phononic crystals (PCs) show good potential applications in surface acoustic wave (SAW) MEMS devices for RF communication systems. To analyze the SAW characteristics in line-defect two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric PCs, optical methods are commonly used. However, the optical instruments are complex and expensive, whereas conventional electrical methods can only measure SAW transmission of the whole device and lack spatial resolution. In this paper, we propose a new electrical experimental method with multiple receiving interdigital transducers (IDTs) to detect the SAW field distribution, in which an array of receiving IDTs of equal aperture was used to receive the SAW. For this new method, SAW delay lines with perfect and line-defect 2D Al/128°YXLiNbO3 piezoelectric PCs on the transmitting path were designed and fabricated. The experimental results showed that the SAW distributed mainly in the line-defect region, which agrees with the theoretical results.

Microscale Mechanism of Age Dependent Wetting Properties of Prickly Pear Cacti (Opuntia).

PubMed

Rykaczewski, Konrad; Jordan, Jacob S; Linder, Rubin; Woods, Erik T; Sun, Xiaoda; Kemme, Nicholas; Manning, Kenneth C; Cherry, Brian R; Yarger, Jeffery L; Majure, Lucas C

2016-09-13

Cacti thrive in xeric environments through specialized water storage and collection tactics such as a shallow, widespread root system that maximizes rainwater absorption and spines adapted for fog droplet collection. However, in many cacti, the epidermis, not the spines, dominates the exterior surface area. Yet, little attention has been dedicated to studying interactions of the cactus epidermis with water drops. Surprisingly, the epidermis of plants in the genus Opuntia, also known as prickly pear cacti, has water-repelling characteristics. In this work, we report that surface properties of cladodes of 25 taxa of Opuntia grown in an arid Sonoran climate switch from water-repelling to superwetting under water impact over the span of a single season. We show that the old cladode surfaces are not superhydrophilic, but have nearly vanishing receding contact angle. We study water drop interactions with, as well as nano/microscale topology and chemistry of, the new and old cladodes of two Opuntia species and use this information to uncover the microscopic mechanism underlying this phenomenon. We demonstrate that composition of extracted wax and its contact angle do not change significantly with time. Instead, we show that the reported age dependent wetting behavior primarily stems from pinning of the receding contact line along multilayer surface microcracks in the epicuticular wax that expose the underlying highly hydrophilic layers.

Technical report on the surface reconstruction of stacked contours by using the commercial software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shin, Dong Sun; Chung, Min Suk; Hwang, Sung Bae; Park, Jin Seo

2007-03-01

After drawing and stacking contours of a structure, which is identified in the serially sectioned images, three-dimensional (3D) image can be made by surface reconstruction. Usually, software is composed for the surface reconstruction. In order to compose the software, medical doctors have to acquire the help of computer engineers. So in this research, surface reconstruction of stacked contours was tried by using commercial software. The purpose of this research is to enable medical doctors to perform surface reconstruction to make 3D images by themselves. The materials of this research were 996 anatomic images (1 mm intervals) of left lower limb, which were made by serial sectioning of a cadaver. On the Adobe Photoshop, contours of 114 anatomic structures were drawn, which were exported to Adobe Illustrator files. On the Maya, contours of each anatomic structure were stacked. On the Rhino, superoinferior lines were drawn along all stacked contours to fill quadrangular surfaces between contours. On the Maya, the contours were deleted. 3D images of 114 anatomic structures were assembled with their original locations preserved. With the surface reconstruction technique, developed in this research, medical doctors themselves could make 3D images of the serially sectioned images such as CTs and MRIs.

Divergent surface and total soil moisture projections under global warming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berg, Alexis; Sheffield, Justin; Milly, Paul C.D.

2017-01-01

Land aridity has been projected to increase with global warming. Such projections are mostly based on off-line aridity and drought metrics applied to climate model outputs but also are supported by climate-model projections of decreased surface soil moisture. Here we comprehensively analyze soil moisture projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, including surface, total, and layer-by-layer soil moisture. We identify a robust vertical gradient of projected mean soil moisture changes, with more negative changes near the surface. Some regions of the northern middle to high latitudes exhibit negative annual surface changes but positive total changes. We interpret this behavior in the context of seasonal changes in the surface water budget. This vertical pattern implies that the extensive drying predicted by off-line drought metrics, while consistent with the projected decline in surface soil moisture, will tend to overestimate (negatively) changes in total soil water availability.

Surface modification of microparticles causes differential uptake responses in normal and tumoral human breast epithelial cells

PubMed Central

Patiño, Tania; Soriano, Jorge; Barrios, Lleonard; Ibáñez, Elena; Nogués, Carme

2015-01-01

The use of micro- and nanodevices as multifunctional systems for biomedical applications has experienced an exponential growth during the past decades. Although a large number of studies have focused on the design and fabrication of new micro- and nanosystems capable of developing multiple functions, a deeper understanding of their interaction with cells is required. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of different microparticle surfaces on their interaction with normal and tumoral human breast epithelial cell lines. For this, AlexaFluor488 IgG functionalized polystyrene microparticles (3 μm) were coated with Polyethyleneimine (PEI) at two different molecular weights, 25 and 750 kDa. The effect of microparticle surface properties on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and endocytic pathways were assessed for both normal and tumoral cell lines. Results showed a differential response between the two cell lines regarding uptake efficiency and mechanisms of endocytosis, highlighting the potential role of microparticle surface tunning for specific cell targeting. PMID:26068810

Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensitive Immunosensor for Benzaldehyde Detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onodera, Takeshi; Shimizu, Takuzo; Miura, Norio; Matsumoto, Kiyoshi; Toko, Kiyoshi

Fragrant compounds used to add flavor to beverages remain in the manufacturing line after the beverage manufacturing process. Line cleanliness before the next manufacturing cycle is difficult to estimate by sensory analysis, making excessive washing necessary. A new measurement system to determine line cleanliness is desired. In this study, we attempted to detect benzaldehyde (Bz) using an anti-Bz monoclonal antibody (Bz-Ab) and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. We fabricated two types of sensor chips using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and investigated which sensor surface exhibited higher sensitivity. In addition, anti-Bz antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP-Bz-Ab) was used to enhance the SPR signal. A detection limit of ca. 9ng/mL (ppb) was achieved using an immobilized 4-carboxybenzaldehyde sensor surface using SAMs containing ethylene glycol. When the HRP-Bz-Ab concentration was reduced to 30ng/mL, a detection limit of ca. 4ng/mL (ppb) was achieved for Bz.

A direct method of extracting surface recombination velocity from an electron beam induced current line scan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ong, Vincent K. S.

1998-04-01

The extraction of diffusion length and surface recombination velocity in a semiconductor with the use of an electron beam induced current line scan has traditionally been done by fitting the line scan into complicated theoretical equations. It was recently shown that a much simpler equation is sufficient for the extraction of diffusion length. The linearization coefficient is the only variable that is needed to be adjusted in the curve fitting process. However, complicated equations are still necessary for the extraction of surface recombination velocity. It is shown in this article that it is indeed possible to extract surface recombination velocity with a simple equation, using only one variable, the linearization coefficient. An intuitive feel for the reason behind the method was discussed. The accuracy of the method was verified with the use of three-dimensional computer simulation, and was found to be even slightly better than that of the best existing method.

Surface modification of microparticles causes differential uptake responses in normal and tumoral human breast epithelial cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patiño, Tania; Soriano, Jorge; Barrios, Lleonard; Ibáñez, Elena; Nogués, Carme

2015-06-01

The use of micro- and nanodevices as multifunctional systems for biomedical applications has experienced an exponential growth during the past decades. Although a large number of studies have focused on the design and fabrication of new micro- and nanosystems capable of developing multiple functions, a deeper understanding of their interaction with cells is required. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of different microparticle surfaces on their interaction with normal and tumoral human breast epithelial cell lines. For this, AlexaFluor488 IgG functionalized polystyrene microparticles (3 μm) were coated with Polyethyleneimine (PEI) at two different molecular weights, 25 and 750 kDa. The effect of microparticle surface properties on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and endocytic pathways were assessed for both normal and tumoral cell lines. Results showed a differential response between the two cell lines regarding uptake efficiency and mechanisms of endocytosis, highlighting the potential role of microparticle surface tunning for specific cell targeting.

Surface modification of microparticles causes differential uptake responses in normal and tumoral human breast epithelial cells.

PubMed

Patiño, Tania; Soriano, Jorge; Barrios, Lleonard; Ibáñez, Elena; Nogués, Carme

2015-06-12

The use of micro- and nanodevices as multifunctional systems for biomedical applications has experienced an exponential growth during the past decades. Although a large number of studies have focused on the design and fabrication of new micro- and nanosystems capable of developing multiple functions, a deeper understanding of their interaction with cells is required. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of different microparticle surfaces on their interaction with normal and tumoral human breast epithelial cell lines. For this, AlexaFluor488 IgG functionalized polystyrene microparticles (3 μm) were coated with Polyethyleneimine (PEI) at two different molecular weights, 25 and 750 kDa. The effect of microparticle surface properties on cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and endocytic pathways were assessed for both normal and tumoral cell lines. Results showed a differential response between the two cell lines regarding uptake efficiency and mechanisms of endocytosis, highlighting the potential role of microparticle surface tunning for specific cell targeting.

Continuous-flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe connected on-line with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for spatially resolved analysis of small molecules and proteins.

PubMed

Van Berkel, Gary J; Kertesz, Vilmos

2013-06-30

A continuous-flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe extracts soluble material from surfaces for direct ionization and detection by mass spectrometry. Demonstrated here is the on-line coupling of such a probe with high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) enabling extraction, separation and detection of small molecules and proteins from surfaces in a spatially resolved (~0.5 mm diameter spots) manner. A continuous-flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe was connected to a six-port, two-position valve for extract collection and injection to an HPLC column. A QTRAP® 5500 hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap equipped with a Turbo V™ ion source operated in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode was used for all experiments. The system operation was tested with the extraction, separation and detection of propranolol and associated metabolites from drug dosed tissues, caffeine from a coffee bean, cocaine from paper currency, and proteins from dried sheep blood spots on paper. Confirmed in the tissue were the parent drug and two different hydroxypropranolol glucuronides. The mass spectrometric response for these compounds from different locations in the liver showed an increase with increasing extraction time (5, 20 and 40 s). For on-line separation and detection/identification of extracted proteins from dried sheep blood spots, two major protein peaks dominated the chromatogram and could be correlated with the expected masses for the hemoglobin α and β chains. Spatially resolved sampling, separation, and detection of small molecules and proteins from surfaces can be accomplished using a continuous-flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe coupled on-line with HPLC/MS detection. Published in 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

White Thrombus Formation in Blood Tubing Lines in a Chronic Hemodialysis Unit

PubMed Central

Watnick, Suzanne; Stooksbury, Michael; Winter, Rolf; Riscoe, Michael; Cohen, David M.

2008-01-01

Background and objectives: Previous reports have described white particulate matter in banked blood components, but no prior public reports describe such matter in blood tubing during the course of routine in-center hemodialysis. This report describes the events, investigations, and preliminary conclusions associated with the spontaneous formation of adherent white thrombus in the venous and arterial blood lines during routine in-center hemodialysis treatments. Design setting, participants, & measurements: This investigation occurred at the Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center (PVAMC) Hemodialysis Unit from October 2006 through April 2007. Sixty-eight variables regarding demographics, medical history and dialysis treatments were collected on our 34 chronic hemodialysis outpatients. Results: Over a 5-wk interval, 62% (21 of 34) of the chronic hemodialysis patients unexpectedly developed a white precipitate adhering to the lumenal surface of their dialysis blood tubing, with 73 of 580 chronic dialysis treatments exhibiting the phenomenon. Microscopic and biochemical analyses were consistent with white thrombus, formed by an aggregation of platelets and fibrin. An alert was issued and other in-center hemodialysis units noted similar findings. This was remedied by the removal of specific tubing. Conclusions: Both patient-specific and tubing-specific factors may have been operative. Although patient safety was not adversely affected, assessment of clinical and manufacturing variables potentially affecting platelet activation is warranted. PMID:18184880

White thrombus formation in blood tubing lines in a chronic hemodialysis unit.

PubMed

Watnick, Suzanne; Stooksbury, Michael; Winter, Rolf; Riscoe, Michael; Cohen, David M

2008-03-01

Previous reports have described white particulate matter in banked blood components, but no prior public reports describe such matter in blood tubing during the course of routine in-center hemodialysis. This report describes the events, investigations, and preliminary conclusions associated with the spontaneous formation of adherent white thrombus in the venous and arterial blood lines during routine in-center hemodialysis treatments. Design setting, participants, & measurements: This investigation occurred at the Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center (PVAMC) Hemodialysis Unit from October 2006 through April 2007. Sixty-eight variables regarding demographics, medical history and dialysis treatments were collected on our 34 chronic hemodialysis outpatients. Over a 5-wk interval, 62% (21 of 34) of the chronic hemodialysis patients unexpectedly developed a white precipitate adhering to the lumenal surface of their dialysis blood tubing, with 73 of 580 chronic dialysis treatments exhibiting the phenomenon. Microscopic and biochemical analyses were consistent with white thrombus, formed by an aggregation of platelets and fibrin. An alert was issued and other in-center hemodialysis units noted similar findings. This was remedied by the removal of specific tubing. Both patient-specific and tubing-specific factors may have been operative. Although patient safety was not adversely affected, assessment of clinical and manufacturing variables potentially affecting platelet activation is warranted.

Arabian Sea as seen from STS-62

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The photo depicts many of the types of ocean features seen when illuminated by sunglint. These features include a shear line, bilge dump, currents, and ship wakes. Winds, currents and oils effect the smoothness of the surface of the water. The oils smooth the water which reflect the sun more than the rougher surrounding water. This is seen in the bright curved line which is a bilge dump of oily water from a ship. The oils then start to take the form of the currents and in this case are also being blown by the surface winds. The shear line is approximately 240 miles west of Bombay, India. This shear line appears to be a result of two water masses, moving at slightly different speeds, having converged. Ship wakes, such as those in the photo, which cross a shear line, often give us an indication of the relative strength of a shear.

Modeling of Ice Flow and Internal Layers Along a Flow Line Through Swiss Camp in West Greenland

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wang, W. L.; Zwally, H. Jay; Abdalati, W.; Luo, S.; Koblinsky, Chester J. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

An anisotropic ice flow line model is applied to a flow line through Swiss Camp (69.57 N, 49.28 W) in West Greenland to estimate the dates of internal layers detected by Radio-Echo Sounding measurements. The effect of an anisotropic ice fabric on ice flow is incorporated into the steady state flow line model. The stress-strain rate relationship for anisotropic ice is characterized by an enhancement factor based on the laboratory observations of ice deformation under combined compression and shear stresses. By using present-day data of accumulation rate, surface temperature, surface elevation and ice thickness along the flow line as model inputs, a very close agreement is found between the isochrones generated from the model and the observed internal layers with confirmed dates. The results indicate that this part of Greenland ice sheet is primarily in steady state.

Topics in the mechanics of self-organizing systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tambe, Dhananjay

Self-organization, in one of its accepted definitions, is the appearance of non-random structures in a system without explicit constraints from forces outside the system. In this thesis two self-organizing systems are studied from the viewpoint of mechanics. In the first system---semiconductor crystal surfaces---the internal constraints that lead to self-assembly of nanoscale structures on silicon-germanium (SiGe) films are studied. In the second system---actin cytoskeleton---a consequence of dynamic self-organization of actin filaments in the form of motion of micron-sized beads through a cytoplasmic medium is studied. When Ge film is deposited on Si(001) substrate, nanoscale features form on the surface and self-organize by minimizing energy contributions from the surface and the strain resulting from difference in lattice constants of the film and the substrate. Clean Si(001) and Ge(001) surfaces are very similar, but experiments to date have shown that atomic scale defects such as dimer-vacancies self-organize into vacancy lines only on Si(001). Through atomic simulations, we show that the observed difference originate from the magnitude of compressive surface strain which reduces formation energy of the dimer-vacancies. During initial stages of the film deposition, the surface is composed of steps and vacancy lines organized in periodic patterns. Using theory of elasticity and atomic simulations we show that these line defects self-organize due to monopolar nature of steps and dipolar nature of the vacancy lines. This self-organized pattern further develops to form pyramidal islands bounded with (105) facets and high Ge content. Mismatch strain of the island is then reduced by incorporation of Si from the substrate surrounding the island leaving behind trenches whose depth is proportional to the basewidth of the island. Using finite element simulations we show that such a relationship is an outcome of competition between elastic energy and surface energy. Some experimental studies also report observation of steeper (103) and (104) facets on pyramidal islands. Using numerical simulations we derive a phase diagram which shows that the steeper facets are stabilized because they provide better relaxation of mismatch strain with only slight increase in surface energy. In the second system, the actin cytoskeleton is a key structural and propulsion element of eukaryotic cells. Micron-sized "cargoes", which under pathological conditions include bacteria, are propelled by dynamic self-organization of the actin filaments. Recently it is shown that the trajectories of a bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, propelled by actin filaments are periodic; implying that the organization of actin filaments impart an effective force that spins about the axis of the bacterium. We show that the motion of spherical beads is also non-random; the effective force has an additional degree of freedom due to the spherical symmetry of the bead. Agreement of the theoretical trajectories with experimental observations suggest that the actin-based motility can be generally described using deterministic equations. We also propose microscopic basis for the effective force model which can guide development of microscopic theory to predict the long term trajectories of actin propelled objects.

An incomplete trafficking defect to the cell-surface leads to paradoxical thrombocytosis for human and murine MPL P106L.

PubMed

Favale, Fabrizia; Messaoudi, Kahia; Varghese, Leila N; Boukour, Siham; Pecquet, Christian; Gryshkova, Vitalina; Defour, Jean Philippe; Albu, Roxana-Irina; Bluteau, Olivier; Ballerini, Paola; Leverger, Guy; Plo, Isabelle; Debili, Najet; Raslova, Hana; Favier, Remi; Constantinescu, Stefan N; Vainchenker, William

2016-12-29

The mechanisms behind the hereditary thrombocytosis induced by the thrombopoietin (THPO) receptor MPL P106L mutant remain unknown. A complete trafficking defect to the cell surface has been reported, suggesting either weak constitutive activity or nonconventional THPO-dependent mechanisms. Here, we report that the thrombocytosis phenotype induced by MPL P106L belongs to the paradoxical group, where low MPL levels on platelets and mature megakaryocytes (MKs) lead to high serum THPO levels, whereas weak but not absent MPL cell-surface localization in earlier MK progenitors allows response to THPO by signaling and amplification of the platelet lineage. MK progenitors from patients showed no spontaneous growth and responded to THPO, and MKs expressed MPL on their cell surface at low levels, whereas their platelets did not respond to THPO. Transduction of MPL P106L in CD34 + cells showed that this receptor was more efficiently localized at the cell surface on immature than on mature MKs, explaining a proliferative response to THPO of immature cells and a defect in THPO clearance in mature cells. In a retroviral mouse model performed in Mpl -/- mice, MPL P106L could induce a thrombocytosis phenotype with high circulating THPO levels. Furthermore, we could select THPO-dependent cell lines with more cell-surface MPL P106L localization that was detected by flow cytometry and [ 125 I]-THPO binding. Altogether, these results demonstrate that MPL P106L is a receptor with an incomplete defect in trafficking, which induces a low but not absent localization of the receptor on cell surface and a response to THPO in immature MK cells. © 2016 by The American Society of Hematology.

Comparative analysis of the surface exposed proteome of two canine osteosarcoma cell lines and normal canine osteoblasts

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor of dogs and carries a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. An improved understanding of the biology of OSA is critically needed to allow for development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools. The surface-exposed proteome (SEP) of a cancerous cell includes a multifarious array of proteins critical to cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, adhesion, and inter-cellular communication. The specific aim of this study was to define a SEP profile of two validated canine OSA cell lines and a normal canine osteoblast cell line utilizing a biotinylation/streptavidin system to selectively label, purify, and identify surface-exposed proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Additionally, we sought to validate a subset of our MS-based observations via quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and semi-quantitative immunocytochemistry. Our hypothesis was that MS would detect differences in the SEP composition between the OSA and the normal osteoblast cells. Results Shotgun MS identified 133 putative surface proteins when output from all samples were combined, with good consistency between biological replicates. Eleven of the MS-detected proteins underwent analysis of gene expression by PCR, all of which were actively transcribed, but varied in expression level. Western blot of whole cell lysates from all three cell lines was effective for Thrombospondin-1, CYR61 and CD44, and indicated that all three proteins were present in each cell line. Semi-quantitative immunofluorescence indicated that CD44 was expressed at much higher levels on the surface of the OSA than the normal osteoblast cell lines. Conclusions The results of the present study identified numerous differences, and similarities, in the SEP of canine OSA cell lines and normal canine osteoblasts. The PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry results, for the subset of proteins evaluated, were generally supportive of the mass spectrometry data. These methods may be applied to other cell lines, or other biological materials, to highlight unique and previously unrecognized differences between samples. While this study yielded data that may prove useful for OSA researchers and clinicians, further refinements of the described techniques are expected to yield greater accuracy and produce a more thorough SEP analysis. PMID:23758893

An Accurate Potential Energy Surface for H2O

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwenke, David W.; Partridge, Harry; Langhoff, Stephen R. (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

We have carried out extensive high quality ab initio electronic structure calculations of the ground state potential energy surface (PES) and dipole moment function (DMF) for H2O. A small adjustment is made to the PES to improve the agreement of line positions from theory and experiment. The theoretical line positions are obtained from variational ro-vibrational calculations using the exact kinetic energy operator. For the lines being fitted, the root-mean-square error was reduced from 6.9 to 0.08 /cm. We were then able to match 30,092 of the 30,117 lines from the HITRAN 96 data base to theoretical lines, and 80% of the line positions differed less than 0.1 /cm. About 3% of the line positions in the experimental data base appear to be incorrect. Theory predicts the existence of many additional weak lines with intensities above the cutoff used in the data base. To obtain results of similar accuracy for HDO, a mass dependent correction to the PH is introduced and is parameterized by simultaneously fitting line positions for HDO and D2O. The mass dependent PH has good predictive value for T2O and HTO. Nonadiabatic effects are not explicitly included. Line strengths for vibrational bands summed over rotational levels usually agree well between theory and experiment, but individual line strengths can differ greatly. A high temperature line list containing about 380 million lines has been generated using the present PES and DMF

Cell behavior on surface modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

PubMed

Stanton, Morgan M; Rankenberg, Johanna M; Park, Byung-Wook; McGimpsey, W Grant; Malcuit, Christopher; Lambert, Christopher R

2014-07-01

Designing complex tissue culture systems requires cell alignment and directed extracellular matrix (ECM) and gene expression. Here, a micro-rough, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface, that also integrates a micro-pattern of 50 µm wide lines of fibronectin (FN) separated by 60 µm wide lines of bovine serum albumin (BSA), is developed. Human fibroblasts cultured on the rough, patterned substrate have aligned growth and a significant change in morphology when compared to cells on a flat, patterned surface. The rough PDMS topography significantly decreases cell area and induces the upregulation of several ECM related genes by two-fold when compared to cells cultured on flat PDMS. This study describes a simple surface engineering procedure for creating surface architecture for scaffolds to design and control the cell-surface interface. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.