Sample records for taguchi orthogonal array

  1. Supercritical CO2 extraction of candlenut oil: process optimization using Taguchi orthogonal array and physicochemical properties of the oil.

    PubMed

    Subroto, Erna; Widjojokusumo, Edward; Veriansyah, Bambang; Tjandrawinata, Raymond R

    2017-04-01

    A series of experiments was conducted to determine optimum conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of candlenut oil. A Taguchi experimental design with L 9 orthogonal array (four factors in three levels) was employed to evaluate the effects of pressure of 25-35 MPa, temperature of 40-60 °C, CO 2 flow rate of 10-20 g/min and particle size of 0.3-0.8 mm on oil solubility. The obtained results showed that increase in particle size, pressure and temperature improved the oil solubility. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at optimized parameters resulted in oil yield extraction of 61.4% at solubility of 9.6 g oil/kg CO 2 . The obtained candlenut oil from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction has better oil quality than oil which was extracted by Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane. The oil contains high unsaturated oil (linoleic acid and linolenic acid), which have many beneficial effects on human health.

  2. Application of Taguchi L32 orthogonal array design to optimize copper biosorption by using Spaghnum moss.

    PubMed

    Ozdemir, Utkan; Ozbay, Bilge; Ozbay, Ismail; Veli, Sevil

    2014-09-01

    In this work, Taguchi L32 experimental design was applied to optimize biosorption of Cu(2+) ions by an easily available biosorbent, Spaghnum moss. With this aim, batch biosorption tests were performed to achieve targeted experimental design with five factors (concentration, pH, biosorbent dosage, temperature and agitation time) at two different levels. Optimal experimental conditions were determined by calculated signal-to-noise ratios. "Higher is better" approach was followed to calculate signal-to-noise ratios as it was aimed to obtain high metal removal efficiencies. The impact ratios of factors were determined by the model. Within the study, Cu(2+) biosorption efficiencies were also predicted by using Taguchi method. Results of the model showed that experimental and predicted values were close to each other demonstrating the success of Taguchi approach. Furthermore, thermodynamic, isotherm and kinetic studies were performed to explain the biosorption mechanism. Calculated thermodynamic parameters were in good accordance with the results of Taguchi model. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. A Gradient Taguchi Method for Engineering Optimization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hwang, Shun-Fa; Wu, Jen-Chih; He, Rong-Song

    2017-10-01

    To balance the robustness and the convergence speed of optimization, a novel hybrid algorithm consisting of Taguchi method and the steepest descent method is proposed in this work. Taguchi method using orthogonal arrays could quickly find the optimum combination of the levels of various factors, even when the number of level and/or factor is quite large. This algorithm is applied to the inverse determination of elastic constants of three composite plates by combining numerical method and vibration testing. For these problems, the proposed algorithm could find better elastic constants in less computation cost. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has nice robustness and fast convergence speed as compared to some hybrid genetic algorithms.

  4. β-galactosidase Production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 Using Inexpensive Substrates in Solid-State Fermentation: Optimization by Orthogonal Arrays Design.

    PubMed

    Kazemi, Samaneh; Khayati, Gholam; Faezi-Ghasemi, Mohammad

    2016-01-01

    Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is one of the most important biotechnological processes in the food industry, which is accomplished by enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal, β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23), trivial called lactase. Orthogonal arrays design is an appropriate option for the optimization of biotechnological processes for the production of microbial enzymes. Design of experimental (DOE) methodology using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) was employed to screen the most significant levels of parameters, including the solid substrates (wheat straw, rice straw, and peanut pod), the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios, the incubation time, and the inducer. The level of β-gal production was measured by a photometric enzyme activity assay using the artificial substrate ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. The results showed that C/N ratio (0.2% [w/v], incubation time (144 hour), and solid substrate (wheat straw) were the best conditions determined by the design of experiments using the Taguchi approach. Our finding showed that the use of rice straw and peanut pod, as solid-state substrates, led to 2.041-folds increase in the production of the enzyme, as compared to rice straw. In addition, the presence of an inducer did not have any significant impact on the enzyme production levels.

  5. Simulation reduction using the Taguchi method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mistree, Farrokh; Lautenschlager, Ume; Erikstad, Stein Owe; Allen, Janet K.

    1993-01-01

    A large amount of engineering effort is consumed in conducting experiments to obtain information needed for making design decisions. Efficiency in generating such information is the key to meeting market windows, keeping development and manufacturing costs low, and having high-quality products. The principal focus of this project is to develop and implement applications of Taguchi's quality engineering techniques. In particular, we show how these techniques are applied to reduce the number of experiments for trajectory simulation of the LifeSat space vehicle. Orthogonal arrays are used to study many parameters simultaneously with a minimum of time and resources. Taguchi's signal to noise ratio is being employed to measure quality. A compromise Decision Support Problem and Robust Design are applied to demonstrate how quality is designed into a product in the early stages of designing.

  6. Approaches towards the enhanced production of Rapamycin by Streptomyces hygroscopicus MTCC 4003 through mutagenesis and optimization of process parameters by Taguchi orthogonal array methodology.

    PubMed

    Dutta, Subhasish; Basak, Bikram; Bhunia, Biswanath; Sinha, Ankan; Dey, Apurba

    2017-05-01

    The present research was conducted to define the approaches for enhanced production of rapamycin (Rap) by Streptomyces hygroscopicus microbial type culture collection (MTCC) 4003. Both physical mutagenesis by ultraviolet ray (UV) and chemical mutagenesis by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) have been applied successfully for the improvement of Rap production. Enhancing Rap yield by novel sequential UV mutagenesis technique followed by fermentation gives a significant difference in getting economically scalable amount of this industrially important macrolide compound. Mutant obtained through NTG mutagenesis (NTG-30-27) was found to be superior to others as it initially produced 67% higher Rap than wild type. Statistical optimization of nutritional and physiochemical parameters was carried out to find out most influential factors responsible for enhanced Rap yield by NTG-30-27 which was performed using Taguchi orthogonal array approach. Around 72% enhanced production was achieved with nutritional factors at their assigned level at 23 °C, 120 rpm and pH 7.6. Results were analysed in triplicate basis where validation and purification was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. Stability study and potency of extracted Rap was supported by turbidimetric assay taking Candida albicans MTCC 227 as test organism.

  7. A comparative study of electrochemical machining process parameters by using GA and Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soni, S. K.; Thomas, B.

    2017-11-01

    In electrochemical machining quality of machined surface strongly depend on the selection of optimal parameter settings. This work deals with the application of Taguchi method and genetic algorithm using MATLAB to maximize the metal removal rate and minimize the surface roughness and overcut. In this paper a comparative study is presented for drilling of LM6 AL/B4C composites by comparing the significant impact of numerous machining process parameters such as, electrolyte concentration (g/l),machining voltage (v),frequency (hz) on the response parameters (surface roughness, material removal rate and over cut). Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was chosen in Minitab 17 software, for the investigation of experimental results and also multiobjective optimization done by genetic algorithm is employed by using MATLAB. After obtaining optimized results from Taguchi method and genetic algorithm, a comparative results are presented.

  8. Taguchi Method Applied in Optimization of Shipley SJR 5740 Positive Resist Deposition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hui, A.; Blosiu, J. O.; Wiberg, D. V.

    1998-01-01

    Taguchi Methods of Robust Design presents a way to optimize output process performance through an organized set of experiments by using orthogonal arrays. Analysis of variance and signal-to-noise ratio is used to evaluate the contribution of each of the process controllable parameters in the realization of the process optimization. In the photoresist deposition process, there are numerous controllable parameters that can affect the surface quality and thickness of the final photoresist layer.

  9. Mixing behavior of the rhombic micromixers over a wide Reynolds number range using Taguchi method and 3D numerical simulations.

    PubMed

    Chung, C K; Shih, T R; Chen, T C; Wu, B H

    2008-10-01

    A planar micromixer with rhombic microchannels and a converging-diverging element has been systematically investigated by the Taguchi method, CFD-ACE simulations and experiments. To reduce the footprint and extend the operation range of Reynolds number, Taguchi method was used to numerically study the performance of the micromixer in a L(9) orthogonal array. Mixing efficiency is prominently influenced by geometrical parameters and Reynolds number (Re). The four factors in a L(9) orthogonal array are number of rhombi, turning angle, width of the rhombic channel and width of the throat. The degree of sensitivity by Taguchi method can be ranked as: Number of rhombi > Width of the rhombic channel > Width of the throat > Turning angle of the rhombic channel. Increasing the number of rhombi, reducing the width of the rhombic channel and throat and lowering the turning angle resulted in better fluid mixing efficiency. The optimal design of the micromixer in simulations indicates over 90% mixing efficiency at both Re > or = 80 and Re < or = 0.1. Experimental results in the optimal simulations are consistent with the simulated one. This planar rhombic micromixer has simplified the complex fabrication process of the multi-layer or three-dimensional micromixers and improved the performance of a previous rhombic micromixer at a reduced footprint and lower Re.

  10. Incorporating Servqual-QFD with Taguchi Design for optimizing service quality design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arbi Hadiyat, M.

    2018-03-01

    Deploying good service design in service companies has been updated issue in improving customer satisfaction, especially based on the level of service quality measured by Parasuraman’s SERVQUAL. Many researchers have been proposing methods in designing the service, and some of them are based on engineering viewpoint, especially by implementing the QFD method or even using robust Taguchi method. The QFD method would found the qualitative solution by generating the “how’s”, while Taguchi method gives more quantitative calculation in optimizing best solution. However, incorporating both QFD and Taguchi has been done in this paper and yields better design process. The purposes of this research is to evaluate the incorporated methods by implemented it to a case study, then analyze the result and see the robustness of those methods to customer perception of service quality. Started by measuring service attributes using SERVQUAL and find the improvement with QFD, the deployment of QFD solution then generated by defining Taguchi factors levels and calculating the Signal-to-noise ratio in its orthogonal array, and optimized Taguchi response then found. A case study was given for designing service in local bank. Afterward, the service design obtained from previous analysis was then evaluated and shows that it was still meet the customer satisfaction. Incorporating QFD and Taguchi has performed well and can be adopted and developed for another research for evaluating the robustness of result.

  11. Dysprosium sorption by polymeric composite bead: robust parametric optimization using Taguchi method.

    PubMed

    Yadav, Kartikey K; Dasgupta, Kinshuk; Singh, Dhruva K; Varshney, Lalit; Singh, Harvinderpal

    2015-03-06

    Polyethersulfone-based beads encapsulating di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid have been synthesized and evaluated for the recovery of rare earth values from the aqueous media. Percentage recovery and the sorption behavior of Dy(III) have been investigated under wide range of experimental parameters using these beads. Taguchi method utilizing L-18 orthogonal array has been adopted to identify the most influential process parameters responsible for higher degree of recovery with enhanced sorption of Dy(III) from chloride medium. Analysis of variance indicated that the feed concentration of Dy(III) is the most influential factor for equilibrium sorption capacity, whereas aqueous phase acidity influences the percentage recovery most. The presence of polyvinyl alcohol and multiwalled carbon nanotube modified the internal structure of the composite beads and resulted in uniform distribution of organic extractant inside polymeric matrix. The experiment performed under optimum process conditions as predicted by Taguchi method resulted in enhanced Dy(III) recovery and sorption capacity by polymeric beads with minimum standard deviation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Vertically aligned N-doped CNTs growth using Taguchi experimental design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Silva, Ricardo M.; Fernandes, António J. S.; Ferro, Marta C.; Pinna, Nicola; Silva, Rui F.

    2015-07-01

    The Taguchi method with a parameter design L9 orthogonal array was implemented for optimizing the nitrogen incorporation in the structure of vertically aligned N-doped CNTs grown by thermal chemical deposition (TCVD). The maximization of the ID/IG ratio of the Raman spectra was selected as the target value. As a result, the optimal deposition configuration was NH3 = 90 sccm, growth temperature = 825 °C and catalyst pretreatment time of 2 min, the first parameter having the main effect on nitrogen incorporation. A confirmation experiment with these values was performed, ratifying the predicted ID/IG ratio of 1.42. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization revealed a uniform completely vertically aligned array of multiwalled CNTs which individually exhibit a bamboo-like structure, consisting of periodically curved graphitic layers, as depicted by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated a 2.00 at.% of N incorporation in the CNTs in pyridine-like and graphite-like, as the predominant species.

  13. Application of Taguchi approach to optimize the sol-gel process of the quaternary Cu2ZnSnS4 with good optical properties

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nkuissi Tchognia, Joël Hervé; Hartiti, Bouchaib; Ridah, Abderraouf; Ndjaka, Jean-Marie; Thevenin, Philippe

    2016-07-01

    Present research deals with the optimal deposition parameters configuration for the synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films using the sol-gel method associated to spin coating on ordinary glass substrates without sulfurization. The Taguchi design with a L9 (34) orthogonal array, a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to optimize the performance characteristic (optical band gap) of CZTS thin films. Four deposition parameters called factors namely the annealing temperature, the annealing time, the ratios Cu/(Zn + Sn) and Zn/Sn were chosen. To conduct the tests using the Taguchi method, three levels were chosen for each factor. The effects of the deposition parameters on structural and optical properties are studied. The determination of the most significant factors of the deposition process on optical properties of as-prepared films is also done. The results showed that the significant parameters are Zn/Sn ratio and the annealing temperature by applying the Taguchi method.

  14. Investigation of Structures of Microwave Microelectromechanical-System Switches by Taguchi Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lai, Yeong-Lin; Lin, Chien-Hung

    2007-10-01

    The optimal design of microwave microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) switches by the Taguchi method is presented. The structures of the switches are analyzed and optimized in terms of the effective stiffness constant, the maximum von Mises stress, and the natural frequency in order to improve the reliability and the performance of the MEMS switches. There are four factors, each of which has three levels in the Taguchi method for the MEMS switches. An L9(34) orthogonal array is used for the matrix experiments. The characteristics of the experiments are studied by the finite-element method and the analytical method. The responses of the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of the characteristics of the switches are investigated. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to interpret the experimental results and decide the significant factors. The final optimum setting, A1B3C1D2, predicts that the effective stiffness constant is 1.06 N/m, the maximum von Mises stress is 76.9 MPa, and the natural frequency is 29.331 kHz. The corresponding switching time is 34 μs, and the pull-down voltage is 9.8 V.

  15. Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction and HPLC identification of wedelolactone from Wedelia calendulacea by orthogonal array design.

    PubMed

    Patil, Ajit A; Sachin, Bhusari S; Wakte, Pravin S; Shinde, Devanand B

    2014-11-01

    The purpose of this work is to provide a complete study of the influence of operational parameters of the supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction (SC CO2E) on yield of wedelolactone from Wedelia calendulacea Less., and to find an optimal combination of factors that maximize the wedelolactone yield. In order to determine the optimal combination of the four factors viz. operating pressure, temperature, modifier concentration and extraction time, a Taguchi experimental design approach was used: four variables (three levels) in L9 orthogonal array. Wedelolactone content was determined using validated HPLC methodology. Optimum extraction conditions were found to be as follows: extraction pressure, 25 MPa; temperature, 40 °C; modifier concentration, 10% and extraction time, 90 min. Optimum extraction conditions demonstrated wedelolactone yield of 8.01 ± 0.34 mg/100 g W. calendulacea Less. Pressure, temperature and time showed significant (p < 0.05) effect on the wedelolactone yield. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction showed higher selectivity than the conventional Soxhlet assisted extraction method.

  16. Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction and HPLC identification of wedelolactone from Wedelia calendulacea by orthogonal array design

    PubMed Central

    Patil, Ajit A.; Sachin, Bhusari S.; Wakte, Pravin S.; Shinde, Devanand B.

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this work is to provide a complete study of the influence of operational parameters of the supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction (SC CO2E) on yield of wedelolactone from Wedelia calendulacea Less., and to find an optimal combination of factors that maximize the wedelolactone yield. In order to determine the optimal combination of the four factors viz. operating pressure, temperature, modifier concentration and extraction time, a Taguchi experimental design approach was used: four variables (three levels) in L9 orthogonal array. Wedelolactone content was determined using validated HPLC methodology. Optimum extraction conditions were found to be as follows: extraction pressure, 25 MPa; temperature, 40 °C; modifier concentration, 10% and extraction time, 90 min. Optimum extraction conditions demonstrated wedelolactone yield of 8.01 ± 0.34 mg/100 g W. calendulacea Less. Pressure, temperature and time showed significant (p < 0.05) effect on the wedelolactone yield. The supercritical carbon dioxide extraction showed higher selectivity than the conventional Soxhlet assisted extraction method. PMID:25687584

  17. Near Field and Far Field Effects in the Taguchi-Optimized Design of AN InP/GaAs-BASED Double Wafer-Fused Mqw Long-Wavelength Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Menon, P. S.; Kandiah, K.; Mandeep, J. S.; Shaari, S.; Apte, P. R.

    Long-wavelength VCSELs (LW-VCSEL) operating in the 1.55 μm wavelength regime offer the advantages of low dispersion and optical loss in fiber optic transmission systems which are crucial in increasing data transmission speed and reducing implementation cost of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) access networks. LW-VCSELs are attractive light sources because they offer unique features such as low power consumption, narrow beam divergence and ease of fabrication for two-dimensional arrays. This paper compares the near field and far field effects of the numerically investigated LW-VCSEL for various design parameters of the device. The optical intensity profile far from the device surface, in the Fraunhofer region, is important for the optical coupling of the laser with other optical components. The near field pattern is obtained from the structure output whereas the far-field pattern is essentially a two-dimensional fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the near-field pattern. Design parameters such as the number of wells in the multi-quantum-well (MQW) region, the thickness of the MQW and the effect of using Taguchi's orthogonal array method to optimize the device design parameters on the near/far field patterns are evaluated in this paper. We have successfully increased the peak lasing power from an initial 4.84 mW to 12.38 mW at a bias voltage of 2 V and optical wavelength of 1.55 μm using Taguchi's orthogonal array. As a result of the Taguchi optimization and fine tuning, the device threshold current is found to increase along with a slight decrease in the modulation speed due to increased device widths.

  18. The Taguchi methodology as a statistical tool for biotechnological applications: a critical appraisal.

    PubMed

    Rao, Ravella Sreenivas; Kumar, C Ganesh; Prakasham, R Shetty; Hobbs, Phil J

    2008-04-01

    Success in experiments and/or technology mainly depends on a properly designed process or product. The traditional method of process optimization involves the study of one variable at a time, which requires a number of combinations of experiments that are time, cost and labor intensive. The Taguchi method of design of experiments is a simple statistical tool involving a system of tabulated designs (arrays) that allows a maximum number of main effects to be estimated in an unbiased (orthogonal) fashion with a minimum number of experimental runs. It has been applied to predict the significant contribution of the design variable(s) and the optimum combination of each variable by conducting experiments on a real-time basis. The modeling that is performed essentially relates signal-to-noise ratio to the control variables in a 'main effect only' approach. This approach enables both multiple response and dynamic problems to be studied by handling noise factors. Taguchi principles and concepts have made extensive contributions to industry by bringing focused awareness to robustness, noise and quality. This methodology has been widely applied in many industrial sectors; however, its application in biological sciences has been limited. In the present review, the application and comparison of the Taguchi methodology has been emphasized with specific case studies in the field of biotechnology, particularly in diverse areas like fermentation, food processing, molecular biology, wastewater treatment and bioremediation.

  19. Wear behavior of electroless Ni-P-W coating under lubricated condition - a Taguchi based approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mukhopadhyay, Arkadeb; Duari, Santanu; Barman, Tapan Kumar; Sahoo, Prasanta

    2016-09-01

    The present study aims to investigate the tribological behavior of electroless Ni-P-W coating under engine oil lubricated condition to ascertain its suitability in automotive applications. Coating is deposited onto mild steel specimens by the electroless method. The experiments are carried out on a pin - on - disc type tribo tester under lubrication. Three tribotesting parameters namely the applied normal load, sliding speed and sliding duration are varied at their three levels and their effects on the wear depth of the deposits are studied. The experiments are carried out based on the combinations available in Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array (OA). Optimization of the tribo-testing parameters is carried out using Taguchi's S/N ratio method to minimize the wear depth. Analysis of variance carried out at a confidence level of 99% indicates that the sliding speed is the most significant parameter in controlling the wear behavior of the deposits. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. It is seen that the wear mechanism under lubricated condition is abrasive in nature.

  20. Comparative Assessment of Cutting Inserts and Optimization during Hard Turning: Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Venkata Subbaiah, K.; Raju, Ch.; Suresh, Ch.

    2017-08-01

    The present study aims to compare the conventional cutting inserts with wiper cutting inserts during the hard turning of AISI 4340 steel at different workpiece hardness. Type of insert, hardness, cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut are taken as process parameters. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experimental tests. Parametric analysis carried in order to know the influence of each process parameter on the three important Surface Roughness Characteristics (Ra, Rz, and Rt) and Material Removal Rate. Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) used to optimize the process parameters for individual response and multi-response outputs. Additionally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied to identify the most significant factor.

  1. Multi-Response Optimization of Resin Finishing by Using a Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Shafiq, Faizan; Sarwar, Zahid; Jilani, Muhammad Munib; Cai, Yingjie

    2018-01-01

    In this study, the influence and optimization of the factors of a non-formaldehyde resin finishing process on cotton fabric using a Taguchi-based grey relational analysis were experimentally investigated. An L27 orthogonal array was selected for five parameters and three levels by applying Taguchi’s design of experiments. The Taguchi technique was coupled with a grey relational analysis to obtain a grey relational grade for evaluating multiple responses, i.e., crease recovery angle (CRA), tearing strength (TE), and whiteness index (WI). The optimum parameters (values) for resin finishing were the resin concentration (80 g·L−1), the polyethylene softener (40 g·L−1), the catalyst (25 g·L−1), the curing temperature (140 °C), and the curing time (2 min). The goodness-of-fit of the data was validated by an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimized sample was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to better understand the structural details of the resin finishing process. The results showed an improved thermal stability and confirmed the presence of well deposited of resin on the optimized fabric surface. PMID:29543724

  2. Optimizing Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution by magnetic nanoparticles immobilized on activated carbon using Taguchi method.

    PubMed

    Ebrahimi Zarandi, Mohammad Javad; Sohrabi, Mahmoud Reza; Khosravi, Morteza; Mansouriieh, Nafiseh; Davallo, Mehran; Khosravan, Azita

    2016-01-01

    This study synthesized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)) immobilized on activated carbon (AC) and used them as an effective adsorbent for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution. The effect of three parameters, including the concentration of Cu(II), dosage of Fe(3)O(4)/AC magnetic nanocomposite and pH on the removal of Cu(II) using Fe(3)O(4)/AC nanocomposite were studied. In order to examine and describe the optimum condition for each of the mentioned parameters, Taguchi's optimization method was used in a batch system and L9 orthogonal array was used for the experimental design. The removal percentage (R%) of Cu(II) and uptake capacity (q) were transformed into an accurate signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) for a 'larger-the-better' response. Taguchi results, which were analyzed based on choosing the best run by examining the S/N, were statistically tested using analysis of variance; the tests showed that all the parameters' main effects were significant within a 95% confidence level. The best conditions for removal of Cu(II) were determined at pH of 7, nanocomposite dosage of 0.1 gL(-1) and initial Cu(II) concentration of 20 mg L(-1) at constant temperature of 25 °C. Generally, the results showed that the simple Taguchi's method is suitable to optimize the Cu(II) removal experiments.

  3. Improved production of tannase by Klebsiella pneumoniae using Indian gooseberry leaves under submerged fermentation using Taguchi approach.

    PubMed

    Kumar, Mukesh; Singh, Amrinder; Beniwal, Vikas; Salar, Raj Kumar

    2016-12-01

    Tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase E.C 3.1.1.20) is an inducible, largely extracellular enzyme that causes the hydrolysis of ester and depside bonds present in various substrates. Large scale industrial application of this enzyme is very limited owing to its high production costs. In the present study, cost effective production of tannase by Klebsiella pneumoniae KP715242 was studied under submerged fermentation using different tannin rich agro-residues like Indian gooseberry leaves (Phyllanthus emblica), Black plum leaves (Syzygium cumini), Eucalyptus leaves (Eucalyptus glogus) and Babul leaves (Acacia nilotica). Among all agro-residues, Indian gooseberry leaves were found to be the best substrate for tannase production under submerged fermentation. Sequential optimization approach using Taguchi orthogonal array screening and response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the fermentation variables in order to enhance the enzyme production. Eleven medium components were screened primarily by Taguchi orthogonal array design to identify the most contributing factors towards the enzyme production. The four most significant contributing variables affecting tannase production were found to be pH (23.62 %), tannin extract (20.70 %), temperature (20.33 %) and incubation time (14.99 %). These factors were further optimized with central composite design using response surface methodology. Maximum tannase production was observed at 5.52 pH, 39.72 °C temperature, 91.82 h of incubation time and 2.17 % tannin content. The enzyme activity was enhanced by 1.26 fold under these optimized conditions. The present study emphasizes the use of agro-residues as a potential substrate with an aim to lower down the input costs for tannase production so that the enzyme could be used proficiently for commercial purposes.

  4. Experimental study of optimal self compacting concrete with spent foundry sand as partial replacement for M-sand using Taguchi approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nirmala, D. B.; Raviraj, S.

    2016-06-01

    This paper presents the application of Taguchi approach to obtain optimal mix proportion for Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) containing spent foundry sand and M-sand. Spent foundry sand is used as a partial replacement for M-sand. The SCC mix has seven control factors namely, Coarse aggregate, M-sand with Spent Foundry sand, Cement, Fly ash, Water, Super plasticizer and Viscosity modifying agent. Modified Nan Su method is used to proportion the initial SCC mix. L18 (21×37) Orthogonal Arrays (OA) with the seven control factors having 3 levels is used in Taguchi approach which resulted in 18 SCC mix proportions. All mixtures are extensively tested both in fresh and hardened states to verify whether they meet the practical and technical requirements of SCC. The quality characteristics considering "Nominal the better" situation is applied to the test results to arrive at the optimal SCC mix proportion. Test results indicate that the optimal mix satisfies the requirements of fresh and hardened properties of SCC. The study reveals the feasibility of using spent foundry sand as a partial replacement of M-sand in SCC and also that Taguchi method is a reliable tool to arrive at optimal mix proportion of SCC.

  5. Response Surface Model Building Using Orthogonal Arrays for Computer Experiments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Unal, Resit; Braun, Robert D.; Moore, Arlene A.; Lepsch, Roger A.

    1997-01-01

    This study investigates response surface methods for computer experiments and discusses some of the approaches available. Orthogonal arrays constructed for computer experiments are studied and an example application to a technology selection and optimization study for a reusable launch vehicle is presented.

  6. Application of Taguchi methods to dual mixture ratio propulsion system optimization for SSTO vehicles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stanley, Douglas O.; Unal, Resit; Joyner, C. R.

    1992-01-01

    The application of advanced technologies to future launch vehicle designs would allow the introduction of a rocket-powered, single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) launch system early in the next century. For a selected SSTO concept, a dual mixture ratio, staged combustion cycle engine that employs a number of innovative technologies was selected as the baseline propulsion system. A series of parametric trade studies are presented to optimize both a dual mixture ratio engine and a single mixture ratio engine of similar design and technology level. The effect of varying lift-off thrust-to-weight ratio, engine mode transition Mach number, mixture ratios, area ratios, and chamber pressure values on overall vehicle weight is examined. The sensitivity of the advanced SSTO vehicle to variations in each of these parameters is presented, taking into account the interaction of each of the parameters with each other. This parametric optimization and sensitivity study employs a Taguchi design method. The Taguchi method is an efficient approach for determining near-optimum design parameters using orthogonal matrices from design of experiments (DOE) theory. Using orthogonal matrices significantly reduces the number of experimental configurations to be studied. The effectiveness and limitations of the Taguchi method for propulsion/vehicle optimization studies as compared to traditional single-variable parametric trade studies is also discussed.

  7. Absolute variation of the mechanical characteristics of halloysite reinforced polyurethane nanocomposites complemented by Taguchi and ANOVA approaches

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gaaz, Tayser Sumer; Sulong, Abu Bakar; Kadhum, Abdul Amir H.; Nassir, Mohamed H.; Al-Amiery, Ahmed A.

    The variation of the results of the mechanical properties of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) at different HNTs loadings was implemented as a tool for analysis. The preparation of HNTs-TPU nanocomposites was performed under four controlled parameters of mixing temperature, mixing speed, mixing time, and HNTs loading at three levels each to satisfy Taguchi method orthogonal array L9 aiming to optimize these parameters for the best measurements of tensile strength, Young's modulus, and tensile strain (known as responses). The maximum variation of the experimental results for each response was determined and analysed based on the optimized results predicted by Taguchi method and ANOVA. It was found that the maximum absolute variations of the three mentioned responses are 69%, 352%, and 126%, respectively. The analysis has shown that the preparation of the optimized tensile strength requires 1 wt.% HNTs loading (excluding 2 wt.% and 3 wt.%), mixing temperature of 190 °C (excluding 200 °C and 210 °C), and mixing speed of 30 rpm (excluding 40 rpm and 50 rpm). In addition, the analysis has determined that the mixing time at 20 min has no effect on the preparation. The mentioned analysis was fortified by ANOVA, images of FESEM, and DSC results. Seemingly, the agglomeration and distribution of HNTs in the nanocomposite play an important role in the process. The outcome of the analysis could be considered as a very important step towards the reliability of Taguchi method.

  8. Optimization of Surface Roughness Parameters of Al-6351 Alloy in EDC Process: A Taguchi Coupled Fuzzy Logic Approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kar, Siddhartha; Chakraborty, Sujoy; Dey, Vidyut; Ghosh, Subrata Kumar

    2017-10-01

    This paper investigates the application of Taguchi method with fuzzy logic for multi objective optimization of roughness parameters in electro discharge coating process of Al-6351 alloy with powder metallurgical compacted SiC/Cu tool. A Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was employed to investigate the roughness parameters by varying tool parameters like composition and compaction load and electro discharge machining parameters like pulse-on time and peak current. Crucial roughness parameters like Centre line average roughness, Average maximum height of the profile and Mean spacing of local peaks of the profile were measured on the coated specimen. The signal to noise ratios were fuzzified to optimize the roughness parameters through a single comprehensive output measure (COM). Best COM obtained with lower values of compaction load, pulse-on time and current and 30:70 (SiC:Cu) composition of tool. Analysis of variance is carried out and a significant COM model is observed with peak current yielding highest contribution followed by pulse-on time, compaction load and composition. The deposited layer is characterised by X-Ray Diffraction analysis which confirmed the presence of tool materials on the work piece surface.

  9. Bioremediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil by two phase bioslurry reactor: Processes evaluation and optimization by Taguchi's design of experimental (DOE) methodology.

    PubMed

    Pant, Apourv; Rai, J P N

    2018-04-15

    Two phase bioreactor was constructed, designed and developed to evaluate the chlorpyrifos remediation. Six biotic and abiotic factors (substrate-loading rate, slurry phase pH, slurry phase dissolved oxygen (DO), soil water ratio, temperature and soil micro flora load) were evaluated by design of experimental (DOE) methodology employing Taguchi's orthogonal array (OA). The selected six factors were considered at two levels L-8 array (2^7, 15 experiments) in the experimental design. The optimum operating conditions obtained from the methodology showed enhanced chlorpyrifos degradation from 283.86µg/g to 955.364µg/g by overall 70.34% of enhancement. In the present study, with the help of few well defined experimental parameters a mathematical model was constructed to understand the complex bioremediation process and optimize the approximate parameters upto great accuracy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Abrasive wear response of TIG-melted TiC composite coating: Taguchi approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maleque, M. A.; Bello, K. A.; Adebisi, A. A.; Dube, A.

    2017-03-01

    In this study, Taguchi design of experiment approach has been applied to assess wear behaviour of TiC composite coatings deposited on AISI 4340 steel substrates by novel powder preplacement and TIG torch melting processes. To study the abrasive wear behaviour of these coatings against alumina ball at 600° C, a Taguchi’s orthogonal array is used to acquire the wear test data for determining optimal parameters that lead to the minimization of wear rate. Composite coatings are developed based on Taguchi’s L-16 orthogonal array experiment with three process parameters (welding current, welding speed, welding voltage and shielding gas flow rate) at four levels. In this technique, mean response and signal-to-noise ratio are used to evaluate the influence of the TIG process parameters on the wear rate performance of the composite coated surfaces. The results reveal that welding voltage is the most significant control parameter for minimizing wear rate while the current presents the least contribution to the wear rate reduction. The study also shows the best optimal condition has been arrived at A3 (90 A), B4 (2.5 mm/s), C3 (30 V) and D3 (20 L/min), which gives minimum wear rate in TiC embedded coatings. Finally, a confirmatory experiment has been conducted to verify the optimized result and shows that the error between the predicted values and the experimental observation at the optimal condition lies within the limit of 4.7 %. Thus, the validity of the optimum condition for the coatings is established.

  11. Optimization of tribological performance of SiC embedded composite coating via Taguchi analysis approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maleque, M. A.; Bello, K. A.; Adebisi, A. A.; Akma, N.

    2017-03-01

    Tungsten inert gas (TIG) torch is one of the most recently used heat source for surface modification of engineering parts, giving similar results to the more expensive high power laser technique. In this study, ceramic-based embedded composite coating has been produced by precoated silicon carbide (SiC) powders on the AISI 4340 low alloy steel substrate using TIG welding torch process. A design of experiment based on Taguchi approach has been adopted to optimize the TIG cladding process parameters. The L9 orthogonal array and the signal-to-noise was used to study the effect of TIG welding parameters such as arc current, travelling speed, welding voltage and argon flow rate on tribological response behaviour (wear rate, surface roughness and wear track width). The objective of the study was to identify optimal design parameter that significantly minimizes each of the surface quality characteristics. The analysis of the experimental results revealed that the argon flow rate was found to be the most influential factor contributing to the minimum wear and surface roughness of the modified coating surface. On the other hand, the key factor in reducing wear scar is the welding voltage. Finally, a convenient and economical Taguchi approach used in this study was efficient to find out optimal factor settings for obtaining minimum wear rate, wear scar and surface roughness responses in TIG-coated surfaces.

  12. Optimization of multi response in end milling process of ASSAB XW-42 tool steel with liquid nitrogen cooling using Taguchi-grey relational analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Norcahyo, Rachmadi; Soepangkat, Bobby O. P.

    2017-06-01

    A research was conducted for the optimization of the end milling process of ASSAB XW-42 tool steel with multiple performance characteristics based on the orthogonal array with Taguchi-grey relational analysis method. Liquid nitrogen was applied as a coolant. The experimental studies were conducted under varying the liquid nitrogen cooling flow rates (FL), and the end milling process variables, i.e., cutting speed (Vc), feeding speed (Vf), and axial depth of cut (Aa). The optimized multiple performance characteristics were surface roughness (SR), flank wear (VB), and material removal rate (MRR). An orthogonal array, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, grey relational analysis, grey relational grade, and analysis of variance were employed to study the multiple performance characteristics. Experimental results showed that flow rate gave the highest contribution for reducing the total variation of the multiple responses, followed by cutting speed, feeding speed, and axial depth of cut. The minimum surface roughness, flank wear, and maximum material removal rate could be obtained by using the values of flow rate, cutting speed, feeding speed, and axial depth of cut of 0.5 l/minute, 109.9 m/minute, 440 mm/minute, and 0.9 mm, respectively.

  13. Orthogonal array deciphering MRS medium requirements for isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus ZY with cell properties characterization.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Yu; Ng, I-Son; Yao, Chuanyi; Lu, Yinghua

    2014-09-01

    Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a well-known lactic acid bacterium (LAB), but a new ZY strain was isolated for the first time from commercial probiotic powder recently. Although many studies have focused on developing cost-effective media for the production of LAB, the de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium is still the most common medium for bioprocesses. The aim of the current study is to decipher the composition of MRS based on a statistical approach, which will allow a higher biomass of Lactobacillus to be obtained. In Taguchi's approach, an L27 orthogonal array was adopted to evaluate the significance of 10 ingredients in MRS, in which the effects of the components were ranked according to their effect on biomass at OD600 as dextrose > MnSO4·H2O > beef extract > CH3COONa > MgSO4 > yeast extract > proteose peptone > K2HPO4 > ammonium citrate > Tween 80. Although the individual trace elements of ammonium citrate, K2HPO4, CH3COONa and MgSO4 in MRS had an insignificant influence on the biomass after statistical analysis, the total elimination of trace elements would predominantly affect the cell growth of Lactobacillus. Further characterization of the cell properties through attenuated total reflectance of Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and protein identification via SDS-PAGE coupled with tandem mass spectrometry implied that dextrose as major carbon source in MRS played the most crucial role for L. rhamnosus production. Copyright © 2014 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  14. Taguchi Optimization of Pulsed Current GTA Welding Parameters for Improved Corrosion Resistance of 5083 Aluminum Welds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rastkerdar, E.; Shamanian, M.; Saatchi, A.

    2013-04-01

    In this study, the Taguchi method was used as a design of experiment (DOE) technique to optimize the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) parameters for improved pitting corrosion resistance of AA5083-H18 aluminum alloy welds. A L9 (34) orthogonal array of the Taguchi design was used, which involves nine experiments for four parameters: peak current ( P), base current ( B), percent pulse-on time ( T), and pulse frequency ( F) with three levels was used. Pitting corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was evaluated by anodic polarization tests at room temperature and calculating the width of the passive region (∆ E pit). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the measured data and S/ N (signal to noise) ratios. The "bigger is better" was selected as the quality characteristic (QC). The optimum conditions were found as 170 A, 85 A, 40%, and 6 Hz for P, B, T, and F factors, respectively. The study showed that the percent pulse-on time has the highest influence on the pitting corrosion resistance (50.48%) followed by pulse frequency (28.62%), peak current (11.05%) and base current (9.86%). The range of optimum ∆ E pit at optimum conditions with a confidence level of 90% was predicted to be between 174.81 and 177.74 mVSCE. Under optimum conditions, the confirmation test was carried out, and the experimental value of ∆ E pit of 176 mVSCE was in agreement with the predicted value from the Taguchi model. In this regard, the model can be effectively used to predict the ∆ E pit of pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded joints.

  15. Optimal design of loudspeaker arrays for robust cross-talk cancellation using the Taguchi method and the genetic algorithm.

    PubMed

    Bai, Mingsian R; Tung, Chih-Wei; Lee, Chih-Chung

    2005-05-01

    An optimal design technique of loudspeaker arrays for cross-talk cancellation with application in three-dimensional audio is presented. An array focusing scheme is presented on the basis of the inverse propagation that relates the transducers to a set of chosen control points. Tikhonov regularization is employed in designing the inverse cancellation filters. An extensive analysis is conducted to explore the cancellation performance and robustness issues. To best compromise the performance and robustness of the cross-talk cancellation system, optimal configurations are obtained with the aid of the Taguchi method and the genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed systems are further justified by physical as well as subjective experiments. The results reveal that large number of loudspeakers, closely spaced configuration, and optimal control point design all contribute to the robustness of cross-talk cancellation systems (CCS) against head misalignment.

  16. An Approach to Maximize Weld Penetration During TIG Welding of P91 Steel Plates by Utilizing Image Processing and Taguchi Orthogonal Array

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Akhilesh Kumar; Debnath, Tapas; Dey, Vidyut; Rai, Ram Naresh

    2017-10-01

    P-91 is modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. Fabricated structures and components of P-91 has a lot of application in power and chemical industry owing to its excellent properties like high temperature stress corrosion resistance, less susceptibility to thermal fatigue at high operating temperatures. The weld quality and surface finish of fabricated structure of P91 is very good when welded by Tungsten Inert Gas welding (TIG). However, the process has its limitation regarding weld penetration. The success of a welding process lies in fabricating with such a combination of parameters that gives maximum weld penetration and minimum weld width. To carry out an investigation on the effect of the autogenous TIG welding parameters on weld penetration and weld width, bead-on-plate welds were carried on P91 plates of thickness 6 mm in accordance to a Taguchi L9 design. Welding current, welding speed and gas flow rate were the three control variables in the investigation. After autogenous (TIG) welding, the dimension of the weld width, weld penetration and weld area were successfully measured by an image analysis technique developed for the study. The maximum error for the measured dimensions of the weld width, penetration and area with the developed image analysis technique was only 2 % compared to the measurements of Leica-Q-Win-V3 software installed in optical microscope. The measurements with the developed software, unlike the measurements under a microscope, required least human intervention. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirms the significance of the selected parameters. Thereafter, Taguchi's method was successfully used to trade-off between maximum penetration and minimum weld width while keeping the weld area at a minimum.

  17. Optimization of Injection Molding Parameters for HDPE/TiO₂ Nanocomposites Fabrication with Multiple Performance Characteristics Using the Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis.

    PubMed

    Pervez, Hifsa; Mozumder, Mohammad S; Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I

    2016-08-22

    The current study presents an investigation on the optimization of injection molding parameters of HDPE/TiO₂ nanocomposites using grey relational analysis with the Taguchi method. Four control factors, including filler concentration (i.e., TiO₂), barrel temperature, residence time and holding time, were chosen at three different levels of each. Mechanical properties, such as yield strength, Young's modulus and elongation, were selected as the performance targets. Nine experimental runs were carried out based on the Taguchi L₉ orthogonal array, and the data were processed according to the grey relational steps. The optimal process parameters were found based on the average responses of the grey relational grades, and the ideal operating conditions were found to be a filler concentration of 5 wt % TiO₂, a barrel temperature of 225 °C, a residence time of 30 min and a holding time of 20 s. Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) has also been applied to identify the most significant factor, and the percentage of TiO₂ nanoparticles was found to have the most significant effect on the properties of the HDPE/TiO₂ nanocomposites fabricated through the injection molding process.

  18. Optimization of Injection Molding Parameters for HDPE/TiO2 Nanocomposites Fabrication with Multiple Performance Characteristics Using the Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Pervez, Hifsa; Mozumder, Mohammad S.; Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I.

    2016-01-01

    The current study presents an investigation on the optimization of injection molding parameters of HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites using grey relational analysis with the Taguchi method. Four control factors, including filler concentration (i.e., TiO2), barrel temperature, residence time and holding time, were chosen at three different levels of each. Mechanical properties, such as yield strength, Young’s modulus and elongation, were selected as the performance targets. Nine experimental runs were carried out based on the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, and the data were processed according to the grey relational steps. The optimal process parameters were found based on the average responses of the grey relational grades, and the ideal operating conditions were found to be a filler concentration of 5 wt % TiO2, a barrel temperature of 225 °C, a residence time of 30 min and a holding time of 20 s. Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) has also been applied to identify the most significant factor, and the percentage of TiO2 nanoparticles was found to have the most significant effect on the properties of the HDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites fabricated through the injection molding process. PMID:28773830

  19. Oily wastewater treatment by ultrafiltration using Taguchi experimental design.

    PubMed

    Salahi, A; Mohammadi, T

    2011-01-01

    In this research, results of an experimental investigation on separation of oil from a real oily wastewater using an ultrafiltration (UF) polymeric membrane are presented. In order to enhance the performance of UF in API separator effluent treatment and to get more permeation flux (PF), effects of operating factors on the yield of PF were studied. Five factors at four levels were investigated: trans-membrane pressure (TMP), temperature (T), cross flow velocity (CFV), pH and salt concentration (SC). Taguchi method (L(16) orthogonal array (OA)) was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to calculate sum of square, variance, error variance and contribution percentage of each factor on response. The optimal levels thus determined for the four influential factors were: TMP, 3 bar; T, 40˚C; CFV, 1.0 m/s; SC, 25 g/L and pH, 8. The results showed that CFV and SC are the most and the least effective factors on PF, respectively. Increasing CFV, TMP, T and pH caused the better performance of UF membrane process due to enhancement of driving force and fouling residence. Also, effects of oil concentration (OC) in the wastewater on PF and total organic carbon (TOC) rejection were investigated. Finally, the highest TOC rejection was found to be 85%.

  20. Use of Taguchi methodology to enhance the yield of caffeine removal with growing cultures of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes.

    PubMed

    Ashengroph, Morahem; Ababaf, Sajad

    2014-12-01

    Microbial caffeine removal is a green solution for treatment of caffeinated products and agro-industrial effluents. We directed this investigation to optimizing a bio-decaffeination process with growing cultures of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes through Taguchi methodology which is a structured statistical approach that can be lowered variations in a process through Design of Experiments (DOE). Five parameters, i.e. initial fructose, tryptone, Zn(+2) ion and caffeine concentrations and also incubation time selected and an L16 orthogonal array was applied to design experiments with four 4-level factors and one 3-level factor (4(4) × 1(3)). Data analysis was performed using the statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Furthermore, the optimal conditions were determined by combining the optimal levels of the significant factors and verified by a confirming experiment. Measurement of residual caffeine concentration in the reaction mixture was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Use of Taguchi methodology for optimization of design parameters resulted in about 86.14% reduction of caffeine in 48 h incubation when 5g/l fructose, 3 mM Zn(+2) ion and 4.5 g/l of caffeine are present in the designed media. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of degradation of caffeine (4.5 g/l) by the native strain of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes TPS8 has been increased from 15.8% to 86.14% which is 5.4 fold higher than the normal yield. According to the experimental results, Taguchi methodology provides a powerful methodology for identifying the favorable parameters on caffeine removal using strain TPS8 which suggests that the approach also has potential application with similar strains to improve the yield of caffeine removal from caffeine containing solutions.

  1. Effect of processing parameters on FDM process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chari, V. Srinivasa; Venkatesh, P. R.; Krupashankar, Dinesh, Veena

    2018-04-01

    This paper focused on the process parameters on fused deposition modeling (FDM). Infill, resolution, temperature are the process variables considered for experimental studies. Compression strength, Hardness test microstructure are the outcome parameters, this experimental study done based on the taguchi's L9 orthogonal array is used. Taguchi array used to build the 9 different models and also to get the effective output results on the under taken parameters. The material used for this experimental study is Polylactic Acid (PLA).

  2. Preparation of nanocellulose from Imperata brasiliensis grass using Taguchi method.

    PubMed

    Benini, Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho; Voorwald, Herman Jacobus Cornelis; Cioffi, Maria Odila Hilário; Rezende, Mirabel Cerqueira; Arantes, Valdeir

    2018-07-15

    Cellulose nanoparticles (CNs) were prepared by acid hydrolysis of the cellulose pulp extracted from the Brazilian satintail (Imperata Brasiliensis) plant using a conventional and a total chlorine free method. Initially, a statistical design of experiment was carried out using Taguchi orthogonal array to study the hydrolysis parameters, and the main properties (crystallinity, thermal stability, morphology, and sizes) of the nanocellulose. X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were carried out to characterize the physical-chemical properties of the CNs obtained. Cellulose nanoparticles with diameter ranging from 10 to 60 nm and length between 150 and 250 nm were successfully obtained at sulfuric acid concentration of 64% (m/m), temperature 35 °C, reaction time 75 min, and a 1:20 (g/mL) pulp-to-solution ratio. Under this condition, the Imperata Brasiliensis CNs showed good stability in suspension, crystallinity index of 65%, and a cellulose degradation temperature of about 117 °C. Considering that these properties are similar to those of nanocelluloses from other lignocellulosics feedstocks, Imperata grass seems also to be a suitable source for nanocellulose production. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Optimization of Tape Winding Process Parameters to Enhance the Performance of Solid Rocket Nozzle Throat Back Up Liners using Taguchi's Robust Design Methodology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nath, Nayani Kishore

    2017-08-01

    The throat back up liners is used to protect the nozzle structural members from the severe thermal environment in solid rocket nozzles. The throat back up liners is made with E-glass phenolic prepregs by tape winding process. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the optimization of process parameters of tape winding process to achieve better insulative resistance using Taguchi's robust design methodology. In this method four control factors machine speed, roller pressure, tape tension, tape temperature that were investigated for the tape winding process. The presented work was to study the cogency and acceptability of Taguchi's methodology in manufacturing of throat back up liners. The quality characteristic identified was Back wall temperature. Experiments carried out using L 9 ' (34) orthogonal array with three levels of four different control factors. The test results were analyzed using smaller the better criteria for Signal to Noise ratio in order to optimize the process. The experimental results were analyzed conformed and successfully used to achieve the minimum back wall temperature of the throat back up liners. The enhancement in performance of the throat back up liners was observed by carrying out the oxy-acetylene tests. The influence of back wall temperature on the performance of throat back up liners was verified by ground firing test.

  4. Application of taguchi method for selection parameter bleaching treatments against mechanical and physical properties of agave cantala fiber

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yudhanto, F.; Jamasri; Rochardjo, Heru S. B.

    2018-05-01

    The characterized agave cantala fiber in this research came from Sumenep, Madura, Indonesia was chemically processed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The treatment with both solutions is called bleaching process. Tensile strength test of single fiber was used to get mechanical properties from selecting process of the various parameter are temperature, PH and concentration of H2O2 with an L9 orthogonal array by Taguchi method. The results indicate that PH is most significant parameter influencing the tensile strength followed by temperature and concentration H2O2. The influence of bleaching treatment on tensile strength showed increasing of crystallinity index of fiber by 21%. It showed by lost of hemicellulose and lignin layers of fiber can be seen from waveforms changes of 1735 (C=O), 1627 (OH), 1319 (CH2), 1250 (C-O) by FTIR graph. The photo SEM showed that the bleaching of fibers causes the fibers more roughly and clearly than untreated fibers.

  5. Improved Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance and Strength of a Two-Step Aged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Using Taguchi Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lin, Lianghua; Liu, Zhiyi; Ying, Puyou; Liu, Meng

    2015-12-01

    Multi-step heat treatment effectively enhances the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance but usually degrades the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. With the aim to enhance SCC resistance as well as strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, we have optimized the process parameters during two-step aging of Al-6.1Zn-2.8Mg-1.9Cu alloy by Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. In this work, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to find out the significant heat treatment parameters. The slow strain rate testing combined with scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope was employed to study the SCC behaviors of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Results showed that the contour map produced by ANOVA offered a reliable reference for selection of optimum heat treatment parameters. By using this method, a desired combination of mechanical performances and SCC resistance was obtained.

  6. An Exploratory Exercise in Taguchi Analysis of Design Parameters: Application to a Shuttle-to-space Station Automated Approach Control System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Deal, Don E.

    1991-01-01

    The chief goals of the summer project have been twofold - first, for my host group and myself to learn as much of the working details of Taguchi analysis as possible in the time allotted, and, secondly, to apply the methodology to a design problem with the intention of establishing a preliminary set of near-optimal (in the sense of producing a desired response) design parameter values from among a large number of candidate factor combinations. The selected problem is concerned with determining design factor settings for an automated approach program which is to have the capability of guiding the Shuttle into the docking port of the Space Station under controlled conditions so as to meet and/or optimize certain target criteria. The candidate design parameters under study were glide path (i.e., approach) angle, path intercept and approach gains, and minimum impulse bit mode (a parameter which defines how Shuttle jets shall be fired). Several performance criteria were of concern: terminal relative velocity at the instant the two spacecraft are mated; docking offset; number of Shuttle jet firings in certain specified directions (of interest due to possible plume impingement on the Station's solar arrays), and total RCS (a measure of the energy expended in performing the approach/docking maneuver). In the material discussed here, we have focused on single performance criteria - total RCS. An analysis of the possibility of employing a multiobjective function composed of a weighted sum of the various individual criteria has been undertaken, but is, at this writing, incomplete. Results from the Taguchi statistical analysis indicate that only three of the original four posited factors are significant in affecting RCS response. A comparison of model simulation output (via Monte Carlo) with predictions based on estimated factor effects inferred through the Taguchi experiment array data suggested acceptable or close agreement between the two except at the predicted optimum

  7. Optimization of delignification of two Pennisetum grass species by NaOH pretreatment using Taguchi and ANN statistical approach.

    PubMed

    Mohaptra, Sonali; Dash, Preeti Krishna; Behera, Sudhanshu Shekar; Thatoi, Hrudayanath

    2016-01-01

    In the bioconversion of lignocelluloses for bioethanol, pretreatment seems to be the most important step which improves the elimination of the lignin and hemicelluloses content, exposing cellulose to further hydrolysis. The present study discusses the application of dynamic statistical techniques like the Taguchi method and artificial neural network (ANN) in the optimization of pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomasses such as Hybrid Napier grass (HNG) (Pennisetum purpureum) and Denanath grass (DG) (Pennisetum pedicellatum), using alkali sodium hydroxide. This study analysed and determined a parameter combination with a low number of experiments by using the Taguchi method in which both the substrates can be efficiently pretreated. The optimized parameters obtained from the L16 orthogonal array are soaking time (18 and 26 h), temperature (60°C and 55°C), and alkali concentration (1%) for HNG and DG, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the optimized pretreated grass varieties confirmed the presence of glucan (47.94% and 46.50%), xylan (9.35% and 7.95%), arabinan (2.15% and 2.2%), and galactan/mannan (1.44% and 1.52%) for HNG and DG, respectively. Physicochemical characterization studies of native and alkali-pretreated grasses were carried out by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformation Infrared spectroscopy which revealed some morphological differences between the native and optimized pretreated samples. Model validation by ANN showed a good agreement between experimental results and the predicted responses.

  8. Optimization of laccase production from Marasmiellus palmivorus LA1 by Taguchi method of Design of experiments.

    PubMed

    Chenthamarakshan, Aiswarya; Parambayil, Nayana; Miziriya, Nafeesathul; Soumya, P S; Lakshmi, M S Kiran; Ramgopal, Anala; Dileep, Anuja; Nambisan, Padma

    2017-02-13

    Fungal laccase has profound applications in different fields of biotechnology due to its broad specificity and high redox potential. Any successful application of the enzyme requires large scale production. As laccase production is highly dependent on medium components and cultural conditions, optimization of the same is essential for efficient product production. Production of laccase by fungal strain Marasmiellus palmivorus LA1 under solid state fermentation was optimized by the Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) methodology. An orthogonal array (L8) was designed using Qualitek-4 software to study the interactions and relative influence of the seven selected factors by one factor at a time approach. The optimum condition formulated was temperature (28 °C), pH (5), galactose (0.8%w/v), cupric sulphate (3 mM), inoculum concentration (number of mycelial agar pieces) (6Nos.) and substrate length (0.05 m). Overall yield increase of 17.6 fold was obtained after optimization. Statistical optimization leads to the elimination of an insignificant medium component ammonium dihydrogen phosphate from the process and contributes to a 1.06 fold increase in enzyme production. A final production of 667.4 ± 13 IU/mL laccase activity paves way for the application of this strain for industrial applications. Study optimized lignin degrading laccases from Marasmiellus palmivorus LA1. This laccases can thus be used for further applications in different scales of production after analyzing the properties of the enzyme. Study also confirmed the use of taguchi method for optimizations of product production.

  9. Magnetocardiogram measured by fundamental mode orthogonal fluxgate array

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Karo, Hikaru; Sasada, Ichiro

    2015-05-01

    Magnetocardiography (MCG) of healthy volunteers has been measured by using a fundamental mode orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer array of 32 channels in a magnetic shielded room (MSR). Sensor heads, which are employed, consist of a 45 mm long U-shaped amorphous wire core and a 1000-turn solenoid pick-up coil of 30 mm in length and 3 mm in outer diameter. The excitation current of 100 kHz with large dc bias current is fed directly into wire cores, which are connected in series, whereas the signal detection circuit is provided to each of the sensor heads. A special technique to avoid mutual interaction between sensor heads is implemented, where all the sensor heads are excited synchronously by using a single ac source. A 2-D array having 32 sensors with 4 cm grid spacing was used to measure MCG signals inside an MSR. Measured data from each channel were first filtered (0.16-100 Hz pass band), then averaged for 2 min synchronously with electrocardiogram's peaks taken from both hands. Noise remaining after the average is about 1.8 pTrms for the band-width of 0.16-100 Hz. The QRS complex and the T-wave are clearly detected.

  10. Report: Optimization study of the preparation factors for argan oil microcapsule based on hybrid-level orthogonal array design via SPSS modeling.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Xi; Wu, Xiaoli; Zhou, Hui; Jiang, Tao; Chen, Chun; Liu, Mingshi; Jin, Yuanbao; Yang, Dongsheng

    2014-11-01

    To optimize the preparation factors for argan oil microcapsule using complex coacervation of chitosan cross-linked with gelatin based on hybrid-level orthogonal array design via SPSS modeling. Eight relatively significant factors were firstly investigated and selected as calculative factors for the orthogonal array design from the total of ten factors effecting the preparation of argan oil microcapsule by utilizing the single factor variable method. The modeling of hybrid-level orthogonal array design was built in these eight factors with the relevant levels (9, 9, 9, 9, 7, 6, 2 and 2 respectively). The preparation factors for argan oil microcapsule were investigated and optimized according to the results of hybrid-level orthogonal array design. The priorities order and relevant optimum levels of preparation factors standard to base on the percentage of microcapsule with the diameter of 30~40 μm via SPSS. Experimental data showed that the optimum factors were controlling the chitosan/gelatin ratio, the systemic concentration and the core/shell ratio at 1:2, 1.5% and 1:7 respectively, presetting complex coacervation pH at 6.4, setting cross-linking time and complex coacervation at 75 min and 30 min, using the glucose-delta lactone as the type of cross-linking agent, and selecting chitosan with the molecular weight of 2000~3000.

  11. Thermochemical hydrolysis of macroalgae Ulva for biorefinery: Taguchi robust design method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jiang, Rui; Linzon, Yoav; Vitkin, Edward; Yakhini, Zohar; Chudnovsky, Alexandra; Golberg, Alexander

    2016-06-01

    Understanding the impact of all process parameters on the efficiency of biomass hydrolysis and on the final yield of products is critical to biorefinery design. Using Taguchi orthogonal arrays experimental design and Partial Least Square Regression, we investigated the impact of change and the comparative significance of thermochemical process temperature, treatment time, %Acid and %Solid load on carbohydrates release from green macroalgae from Ulva genus, a promising biorefinery feedstock. The average density of hydrolysate was determined using a new microelectromechanical optical resonator mass sensor. In addition, using Flux Balance Analysis techniques, we compared the potential fermentation yields of these hydrolysate products using metabolic models of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase and Clostridium acetobutylicum. We found that %Acid plays the most significant role and treatment time the least significant role in affecting the monosaccharaides released from Ulva biomass. We also found that within the tested range of parameters, hydrolysis with 121 °C, 30 min 2% Acid, 15% Solids could lead to the highest yields of conversion: 54.134-57.500 gr ethanol kg-1 Ulva dry weight by S. cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase. Our results support optimized marine algae utilization process design and will enable smart energy harvesting by thermochemical hydrolysis.

  12. Taguchi Based Regression Analysis of End-Wall Film Cooling in a Gas Turbine Cascade with Single Row of Holes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ravi, D.; Parammasivam, K. M.

    2016-09-01

    Numerical investigations were conducted on a turbine cascade, with end-wall cooling by a single row of cylindrical holes, inclined at 30°. The mainstream fluid was hot air and the coolant was CO2 gas. Based on the Reynolds number, the flow was turbulent at the inlet. The film hole row position, its pitch and blowing ratio was varied with five different values. Taguchi approach was used in designing a L25 orthogonal array (OA) for these parameters. The end-wall averaged film cooling effectiveness (bar η) was chosen as the quality characteristic. CFD analyses were carried out using Ansys Fluent on computational domains designed with inputs from OA. Experiments were conducted for one chosen OA configuration and the computational results were found to correlate well with experimental measurements. The responses from the CFD analyses were fed to the statistical tool to develop a correlation for bar η using regression analysis.

  13. Laccase production by Coriolopsis caperata RCK2011: Optimization under solid state fermentation by Taguchi DOE methodology

    PubMed Central

    Nandal, Preeti; Ravella, Sreenivas Rao; Kuhad, Ramesh Chander

    2013-01-01

    Laccase production by Coriolopsis caperata RCK2011 under solid state fermentation was optimized following Taguchi design of experiment. An orthogonal array layout of L18 (21 × 37) was constructed using Qualitek-4 software with eight most influensive factors on laccase production. At individual level pH contributed higher influence, whereas, corn steep liquor (CSL) accounted for more than 50% of the severity index with biotin and KH2PO4 at the interactive level. The optimum conditions derived were; temperature 30°C, pH 5.0, wheat bran 5.0 g, inoculum size 0.5 ml (fungal cell mass = 0.015 g dry wt.), biotin 0.5% w/v, KH2PO4 0.013% w/v, CSL 0.1% v/v and 0.5 mM xylidine as an inducer. The validation experiments using optimized conditions confirmed an improvement in enzyme production by 58.01%. The laccase production to the level of 1623.55 Ugds−1 indicates that the fungus C. caperata RCK2011 has the commercial potential for laccase. PMID:23463372

  14. Thermal design, rating and second law analysis of shell and tube condensers based on Taguchi optimization for waste heat recovery based thermal desalination plants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chandrakanth, Balaji; Venkatesan, G; Prakash Kumar, L. S. S; Jalihal, Purnima; Iniyan, S

    2018-03-01

    The present work discusses the design and selection of a shell and tube condenser used in Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD). To optimize the key geometrical and process parameters of the condenser with multiple parameters and levels, a design of an experiment approach using Taguchi method was chosen. An orthogonal array (OA) of 25 designs was selected for this study. The condenser was designed, analysed using HTRI software and the heat transfer area with respective tube side pressure drop were computed using the same, as these two objective functions determine the capital and running cost of the condenser. There was a complex trade off between the heat transfer area and pressure drop in the analysis, however second law analysis was worked out for determining the optimal heat transfer area vs pressure drop for condensing the required heat load.

  15. Design of Maternity Pillow by Using Kansei and Taguchi Methods

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ilma Rahmillah, Fety; Nanda kartika, Rachmah

    2017-06-01

    One of the customers’ considerations for purchasing a product is it can satisfy their feeling and emotion. It because of such product can enhance sleep quality of pregnant women. However, most of the existing product such as maternity pillows are still designed based on companies’ perspective. This study aims to capture the desire of pregnant women toward maternity pillow desired product by using kansei words and analyze the optimal design with Taguchi method. Eight collected kansei words were durable, aesthetic, comfort, portable, simple, multifunction, attractive motive, and easy to maintain. While L16 orthogonal array is used because there are three variables with two levels and four variables with four levels. It can be concluded that the best maternity pillow that can satisfy the customers can be designed by combining D1-E2-F2-G2-C1-B2-A2 means the model is U shape, flowery motive, medium color, Bag model B, cotton pillow cover, filled with silicon, and use double zipper. However, it is also possible to create combination of D1-E2-F2-G2-C1-B1-A1 by using consideration of cost which means that the zipper is switched to single as well as filled with dacron. In addition, the total percentage of contribution by using ANOVA reaches 95%.

  16. Costing improvement of remanufacturing crankshaft by integrating Mahalanobis-Taguchi System and Activity based Costing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abu, M. Y.; Nor, E. E. Mohd; Rahman, M. S. Abd

    2018-04-01

    Integration between quality and costing system is very crucial in order to achieve an accurate product cost and profit. Current practice by most of remanufacturers, there are still lacking on optimization during the remanufacturing process which contributed to incorrect variables consideration to the costing system. Meanwhile, traditional costing accounting being practice has distortion in the cost unit which lead to inaccurate cost of product. The aim of this work is to identify the critical and non-critical variables during remanufacturing process using Mahalanobis-Taguchi System and simultaneously estimate the cost using Activity Based Costing method. The orthogonal array was applied to indicate the contribution of variables in the factorial effect graph and the critical variables were considered with overhead costs that are actually demanding the activities. This work improved the quality inspection together with costing system to produce an accurate profitability information. As a result, the cost per unit of remanufactured crankshaft of MAN engine model with 5 critical crankpins is MYR609.50 while Detroit engine model with 4 critical crankpins is MYR1254.80. The significant of output demonstrated through promoting green by reducing re-melting process of damaged parts to ensure consistent benefit of return cores.

  17. Taguchi Experimental Design for Optimization of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Production in CHO Cell Lines and Comparing its Biological Activity with Prokaryotic Growth Hormone.

    PubMed

    Aghili, Zahra Sadat; Zarkesh-Esfahani, Sayyed Hamid

    2018-02-01

    Growth hormone deficiency results in growth retardation in children and the GH deficiency syndrome in adults and they need to receive recombinant-GH in order to rectify the GH deficiency symptoms. Mammalian cells have become the favorite system for production of recombinant proteins for clinical application compared to prokaryotic systems because of their capability for appropriate protein folding, assembly, post-translational modification and proper signal. However, production level in mammalian cells is generally low compared to prokaryotic hosts. Taguchi has established orthogonal arrays to describe a large number of experimental situations mainly to reduce experimental errors and to enhance the efficiency and reproducibility of laboratory experiments.In the present study, rhGH was produced in CHO cells and production of rhGH was assessed using Dot blotting, western blotting and Elisa assay. For optimization of rhGH production in CHO cells using Taguchi method An M16 orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate four different culture components. The biological activity of rhGH was assessed using LHRE-TK-Luciferase reporter gene system in HEK-293 and compared to the biological activity of prokaryotic rhGH.A maximal productivity of rhGH was reached in the conditions of 1%DMSO, 1%glycerol, 25 µM ZnSO 4 and 0 mM NaBu. Our findings indicate that control of culture conditions such as the addition of chemical components helps to develop an efficient large-scale and industrial process for the production of rhGH in CHO cells. Results of bioassay indicated that rhGH produced by CHO cells is able to induce GH-mediated intracellular cell signaling and showed higher bioactivity when compared to prokaryotic GH at the same concentrations. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  18. Optimization of medium components using orthogonal arrays for Linolenic acid production by Spirulina platensis

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    This work describes the medium optimization of '-Linolenic acid (GLA) production by Spirulina platensis using one-factor and orthogonal array design methods. In the one-factor experiments, NaHCO3 (9 mg L-1), NaNO3 (13.5 mg L-1) and MgSO4•7H2O (11.85 mg L-1) proved to be the best components for GLA p...

  19. Comparative study of coated and uncoated tool inserts with dry machining of EN47 steel using Taguchi L9 optimization technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vasu, M.; Shivananda, Nayaka H.

    2018-04-01

    EN47 steel samples are machined on a self-centered lathe using Chemical Vapor Deposition of coated TiCN/Al2O3/TiN and uncoated tungsten carbide tool inserts, with nose radius 0.8mm. Results are compared with each other and optimized using statistical tool. Input (cutting) parameters that are considered in this work are feed rate (f), cutting speed (Vc), and depth of cut (ap), the optimization criteria are based on the Taguchi (L9) orthogonal array. ANOVA method is adopted to evaluate the statistical significance and also percentage contribution for each model. Multiple response characteristics namely cutting force (Fz), tool tip temperature (T) and surface roughness (Ra) are evaluated. The results discovered that coated tool insert (TiCN/Al2O3/TiN) exhibits 1.27 and 1.29 times better than the uncoated tool insert for tool tip temperature and surface roughness respectively. A slight increase in cutting force was observed for coated tools.

  20. Multi objective Taguchi optimization approach for resistance spot welding of cold rolled TWIP steel sheets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tutar, Mumin; Aydin, Hakan; Bayram, Ali

    2017-08-01

    Formability and energy absorption capability of a steel sheet are highly desirable properties in manufacturing components for automotive applications. TWinning Induced Plastisity (TWIP) steels are, new generation high Mn alloyed steels, attractive for the automotive industry due to its outstanding elongation (%40-45) and tensile strength (~1000MPa). So, TWIP steels provide excellent formability and energy absorption capability. Another required property from the steel sheets is suitability for manufacturing methods such as welding. The use of the steel sheets in the automotive applications inevitably involves welding. Considering that there are 3000-5000 welded spots on a vehicle, it can be interpreted that one of the most important manufacturing method is Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) for the automotive industry. In this study; firstly, TWIP steel sheet were cold rolled to 15% reduction in thickness. Then, the cold rolled TWIP steel sheets were welded with RSW method. The welding parameters (welding current, welding time and electrode force) were optimized for maximizing the peak tensile shear load and minimizing the indentation of the joints using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The effect of welding parameters was also evaluated by examining the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results.

  1. Thermochemical hydrolysis of macroalgae Ulva for biorefinery: Taguchi robust design method

    PubMed Central

    Jiang, Rui; Linzon, Yoav; Vitkin, Edward; Yakhini, Zohar; Chudnovsky, Alexandra; Golberg, Alexander

    2016-01-01

    Understanding the impact of all process parameters on the efficiency of biomass hydrolysis and on the final yield of products is critical to biorefinery design. Using Taguchi orthogonal arrays experimental design and Partial Least Square Regression, we investigated the impact of change and the comparative significance of thermochemical process temperature, treatment time, %Acid and %Solid load on carbohydrates release from green macroalgae from Ulva genus, a promising biorefinery feedstock. The average density of hydrolysate was determined using a new microelectromechanical optical resonator mass sensor. In addition, using Flux Balance Analysis techniques, we compared the potential fermentation yields of these hydrolysate products using metabolic models of Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase and Clostridium acetobutylicum. We found that %Acid plays the most significant role and treatment time the least significant role in affecting the monosaccharaides released from Ulva biomass. We also found that within the tested range of parameters, hydrolysis with 121 °C, 30 min 2% Acid, 15% Solids could lead to the highest yields of conversion: 54.134–57.500 gr ethanol kg−1 Ulva dry weight by S. cerevisiae RN1016 with xylose isomerase. Our results support optimized marine algae utilization process design and will enable smart energy harvesting by thermochemical hydrolysis. PMID:27291594

  2. Application of the Taguchi Method for Optimizing the Process Parameters of Producing Lightweight Aggregates by Incorporating Tile Grinding Sludge with Reservoir Sediments

    PubMed Central

    Chen, How-Ji; Chang, Sheng-Nan; Tang, Chao-Wei

    2017-01-01

    This study aimed to apply the Taguchi optimization technique to determine the process conditions for producing synthetic lightweight aggregate (LWA) by incorporating tile grinding sludge powder with reservoir sediments. An orthogonal array L16(45) was adopted, which consisted of five controllable four-level factors (i.e., sludge content, preheat temperature, preheat time, sintering temperature, and sintering time). Moreover, the analysis of variance method was used to explore the effects of the experimental factors on the particle density, water absorption, bloating ratio, and loss on ignition of the produced LWA. Overall, the produced aggregates had particle densities ranging from 0.43 to 2.1 g/cm3 and water absorption ranging from 0.6% to 13.4%. These values are comparable to the requirements for ordinary and high-performance LWAs. The results indicated that it is considerably feasible to produce high-performance LWA by incorporating tile grinding sludge with reservoir sediments. PMID:29125576

  3. Application of the Taguchi Method for Optimizing the Process Parameters of Producing Lightweight Aggregates by Incorporating Tile Grinding Sludge with Reservoir Sediments.

    PubMed

    Chen, How-Ji; Chang, Sheng-Nan; Tang, Chao-Wei

    2017-11-10

    This study aimed to apply the Taguchi optimization technique to determine the process conditions for producing synthetic lightweight aggregate (LWA) by incorporating tile grinding sludge powder with reservoir sediments. An orthogonal array L 16 (4⁵) was adopted, which consisted of five controllable four-level factors (i.e., sludge content, preheat temperature, preheat time, sintering temperature, and sintering time). Moreover, the analysis of variance method was used to explore the effects of the experimental factors on the particle density, water absorption, bloating ratio, and loss on ignition of the produced LWA. Overall, the produced aggregates had particle densities ranging from 0.43 to 2.1 g/cm³ and water absorption ranging from 0.6% to 13.4%. These values are comparable to the requirements for ordinary and high-performance LWAs. The results indicated that it is considerably feasible to produce high-performance LWA by incorporating tile grinding sludge with reservoir sediments.

  4. Study of optimal laser parameters for cutting QFN packages by Taguchi's matrix method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Chen-Hao; Tsai, Ming-Jong; Yang, Ciann-Dong

    2007-06-01

    This paper reports the study of optimal laser parameters for cutting QFN (Quad Flat No-lead) packages by using a diode pumped solid-state laser system (DPSSL). The QFN cutting path includes two different materials, which are the encapsulated epoxy and a copper lead frame substrate. The Taguchi's experimental method with orthogonal array of L 9(3 4) is employed to obtain optimal combinatorial parameters. A quantified mechanism was proposed for examining the laser cutting quality of a QFN package. The influences of the various factors such as laser current, laser frequency, and cutting speed on the laser cutting quality is also examined. From the experimental results, the factors on the cutting quality in the order of decreasing significance are found to be (a) laser frequency, (b) cutting speed, and (c) laser driving current. The optimal parameters were obtained at the laser frequency of 2 kHz, the cutting speed of 2 mm/s, and the driving current of 29 A. Besides identifying this sequence of dominance, matrix experiment also determines the best level for each control factor. The verification experiment confirms that the application of laser cutting technology to QFN is very successfully by using the optimal laser parameters predicted from matrix experiments.

  5. Optimization of sol-gel technique for coating of metallic substrates by hydroxyapatite using the Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pourbaghi-Masouleh, M.; Asgharzadeh, H.

    2013-08-01

    In this study, the Taguchi method of design of experiment (DOE) was used to optimize the hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on various metallic substrates deposited by sol-gel dip-coating technique. The experimental design consisted of five factors including substrate material (A), surface preparation of substrate (B), dipping/withdrawal speed (C), number of layers (D), and calcination temperature (E) with three levels of each factor. An orthogonal array of L18 type with mixed levels of the control factors was utilized. The image processing of the micrographs of the coatings was conducted to determine the percentage of coated area ( PCA). Chemical and phase composition of HA coatings were studied by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and EDS techniques. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the PCA of HA coatings was significantly affected by the calcination temperature. The optimum conditions from signal-to-noise ( S/N) ratio analysis were A: pure Ti, B: polishing and etching for 24 h, C: 50 cm min-1, D: 1, and E: 300 °C. In the confirmation experiment using the optimum conditions, the HA coating with high PCA of 98.5 % was obtained.

  6. Ultra-high-aspect-orthogonal and tunable three dimensional polymeric nanochannel stack array for BioMEMS applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heo, Joonseong; Kwon, Hyukjin J.; Jeon, Hyungkook; Kim, Bumjoo; Kim, Sung Jae; Lim, Geunbae

    2014-07-01

    Nanofabrication technologies have been a strong advocator for new scientific fundamentals that have never been described by traditional theory, and have played a seed role in ground-breaking nano-engineering applications. In this study, we fabricated ultra-high-aspect (~106 with O(100) nm nanochannel opening and O(100) mm length) orthogonal nanochannel array using only polymeric materials. Vertically aligned nanochannel arrays in parallel can be stacked to form a dense nano-structure. Due to the flexibility and stretchability of the material, one can tune the size and shape of the nanochannel using elongation and even roll the stack array to form a radial-uniformly distributed nanochannel array. The roll can be cut at discretionary lengths for incorporation with a micro/nanofluidic device. As examples, we demonstrated ion concentration polarization with the device for Ohmic-limiting/overlimiting current-voltage characteristics and preconcentrated charged species. The density of the nanochannel array was lower than conventional nanoporous membranes, such as anodic aluminum oxide membranes (AAO). However, accurate controllability over the nanochannel array dimensions enabled multiplexed one microstructure-on-one nanostructure interfacing for valuable biological/biomedical microelectromechanical system (BioMEMS) platforms, such as nano-electroporation.Nanofabrication technologies have been a strong advocator for new scientific fundamentals that have never been described by traditional theory, and have played a seed role in ground-breaking nano-engineering applications. In this study, we fabricated ultra-high-aspect (~106 with O(100) nm nanochannel opening and O(100) mm length) orthogonal nanochannel array using only polymeric materials. Vertically aligned nanochannel arrays in parallel can be stacked to form a dense nano-structure. Due to the flexibility and stretchability of the material, one can tune the size and shape of the nanochannel using elongation and even

  7. Integration of Mahalanobis-Taguchi system and traditional cost accounting for remanufacturing crankshaft

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abu, M. Y.; Norizan, N. S.; Rahman, M. S. Abd

    2018-04-01

    Remanufacturing is a sustainability strategic planning which transforming the end of life product to as new performance with their warranty is same or better than the original product. In order to quantify the advantages of this strategy, all the processes must implement the optimization to reach the ultimate goal and reduce the waste generated. The aim of this work is to evaluate the criticality of parameters on the end of life crankshaft based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. Then, estimate the cost using traditional cost accounting by considering the critical parameters. By implementing the optimization, the remanufacturer obviously produced lower cost and waste during production with higher potential to gain the profit. Mahalanobis-Taguchi System was proven as a powerful method of optimization that revealed the criticality of parameters. When subjected the method to the MAN engine model, there was 5 out of 6 crankpins were critical which need for grinding process while no changes happened to the Caterpillar engine model. Meanwhile, the cost per unit for MAN engine model was changed from MYR1401.29 to RM1251.29 while for Caterpillar engine model have no changes due to the no changes on criticality of parameters consideration. Therefore, by integrating the optimization and costing through remanufacturing process, a better decision can be achieved after observing the potential profit will be gained. The significant of output demonstrated through promoting sustainability by reducing re-melting process of damaged parts to ensure consistent benefit of return cores.

  8. Optimization of laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus IMI 395545 using the Taguchi DOE methodology.

    PubMed

    Periasamy, Rathinasamy; Palvannan, Thayumanavan

    2010-12-01

    Production of laccase using a submerged culture of Pleurotus orstreatus IMI 395545 was optimized by the Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design of experiments (DOE) methodology. This approach facilitates the study of the interactions of a large number of variables spanned by factors and their settings, with a small number of experiments, leading to considerable savings in time and cost for process optimization. This methodology optimizes the number of impact factors and enables to calculate their interaction in the production of industrial enzymes. Eight factors, viz. glucose, yeast extract, malt extract, inoculum, mineral solution, inducer (1 mM CuSO₄) and amino acid (l-asparagine) at three levels and pH at two levels, with an OA layout of L18 (2¹ × 3⁷) were selected for the proposed experimental design. The laccase yield obtained from the 18 sets of fermentation experiments performed with the selected factors and levels was further processed with Qualitek-4 software. The optimized conditions shared an enhanced laccase expression of 86.8% (from 485.0 to 906.3 U). The combination of factors was further validated for laccase production and reactive blue 221 decolorization. The results revealed an enhanced laccase yield of 32.6% and dye decolorization up to 84.6%. This methodology allows the complete evaluation of main and interaction factors. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

  9. [Development of an optimized formulation of damask marmalade with low energy level using Taguchi methodology].

    PubMed

    Villarroel, Mario; Castro, Ruth; Junod, Julio

    2003-06-01

    The goal of this present study was the development of an optimized formula of damask marmalade low in calories applying Taguchi methodology to improve the quality of this product. The selection of this methodology lies on the fact that in real life conditions the result of an experiment frequently depends on the influence of several variables, therefore, one expedite way to solve this problem is utilizing factorial desings. The influence of acid, thickener, sweetener and aroma additives, as well as time of cooking, and possible interactions among some of them, were studied trying to get the best combination of these factors to optimize the sensorial quality of an experimental formulation of dietetic damask marmalade. An orthogonal array L8 (2(7)) was applied in this experience, as well as level average analysis was carried out according Taguchi methodology to determine the suitable working levels of the design factors previously choiced, to achieve a desirable product quality. A sensory trained panel was utilized to analyze the marmalade samples using a composite scoring test with a descriptive acuantitative scale ranging from 1 = Bad, 5 = Good. It was demonstrated that the design factors sugar/aspartame, pectin and damask aroma had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the sensory quality of the marmalade with 82% of contribution on the response. The optimal combination result to be: citric acid 0.2%; pectin 1%; 30 g sugar/16 mg aspartame/100 g, damask aroma 0.5 ml/100 g, time of cooking 5 minutes. Regarding chemical composition, the most important results turned out to be the decrease in carbohydrate content compaired with traditional marmalade with a reduction of 56% in coloric value and also the amount of dietary fiber greater than similar commercial products. Assays of storage stability were carried out on marmalade samples submitted to different temperatures held in plastic bags of different density. Non percetible sensorial, microbiological and chemical changes

  10. Modeling and Multiresponse Optimization for Anaerobic Codigestion of Oil Refinery Wastewater and Chicken Manure by Using Artificial Neural Network and the Taguchi Method

    PubMed Central

    Hemmat, Abbas; Kafashan, Jalal; Huang, Hongying

    2017-01-01

    To study the optimum process conditions for pretreatments and anaerobic codigestion of oil refinery wastewater (ORWW) with chicken manure, L9 (34) Taguchi's orthogonal array was applied. The biogas production (BGP), biomethane content (BMP), and chemical oxygen demand solubilization (CODS) in stabilization rate were evaluated as the process outputs. The optimum conditions were obtained by using Design Expert software (Version 7.0.0). The results indicated that the optimum conditions could be achieved with 44% ORWW, 36°C temperature, 30 min sonication, and 6% TS in the digester. The optimum BGP, BMP, and CODS removal rates by using the optimum conditions were 294.76 mL/gVS, 151.95 mL/gVS, and 70.22%, respectively, as concluded by the experimental results. In addition, the artificial neural network (ANN) technique was implemented to develop an ANN model for predicting BGP yield and BMP content. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was utilized to train ANN, and the architecture of 9-19-2 for the ANN model was obtained. PMID:29441352

  11. Parameters optimization of laser brazing in crimping butt using Taguchi and BPNN-GA

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rong, Youmin; Zhang, Zhen; Zhang, Guojun; Yue, Chen; Gu, Yafei; Huang, Yu; Wang, Chunming; Shao, Xinyu

    2015-04-01

    The laser brazing (LB) is widely used in the automotive industry due to the advantages of high speed, small heat affected zone, high quality of welding seam, and low heat input. Welding parameters play a significant role in determining the bead geometry and hence quality of the weld joint. This paper addresses the optimization of the seam shape in LB process with welding crimping butt of 0.8 mm thickness using back propagation neural network (BPNN) and genetic algorithm (GA). A 3-factor, 5-level welding experiment is conducted by Taguchi L25 orthogonal array through the statistical design method. Then, the input parameters are considered here including welding speed, wire speed rate, and gap with 5 levels. The output results are efficient connection length of left side and right side, top width (WT) and bottom width (WB) of the weld bead. The experiment results are embed into the BPNN network to establish relationship between the input and output variables. The predicted results of the BPNN are fed to GA algorithm that optimizes the process parameters subjected to the objectives. Then, the effects of welding speed (WS), wire feed rate (WF), and gap (GAP) on the sum values of bead geometry is discussed. Eventually, the confirmation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the optimal values were effective and reliable. On the whole, the proposed hybrid method, BPNN-GA, can be used to guide the actual work and improve the efficiency and stability of LB process.

  12. Taguchi method of experimental design in materials education

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Weiser, Martin W.

    1993-01-01

    Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the Taguchi Method of experimental design as applied to Materials Science will be discussed. This is a fractional factorial method that employs the minimum number of experimental trials for the information obtained. The analysis is also very simple to use and teach, which is quite advantageous in the classroom. In addition, the Taguchi loss function can be easily incorporated to emphasize that improvements in reproducibility are often at least as important as optimization of the response. The disadvantages of the Taguchi Method include the fact that factor interactions are normally not accounted for, there are zero degrees of freedom if all of the possible factors are used, and randomization is normally not used to prevent environmental biasing. In spite of these disadvantages it is felt that the Taguchi Method is extremely useful for both teaching experimental design and as a research tool, as will be shown with a number of brief examples.

  13. 2-[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol in water as a preservative: Study of formaldehyde released by Taguchi's method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wisessirikul, W.; Loykulnant, S.; Montha, S.; Fhulua, T.; Prapainainar, P.

    2016-06-01

    This research studied the quantity of free formaldehyde released from 2- [(hydroxymethyl)amino]ethanol (HAE) in DI water and natural rubber latex mixture using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The quantity of formaldehyde retained in the solution was cross-checked by using titration technique. The investigated factors were the concentration of preservative (HAE), pH, and temperature. Taguchi's method was used to design the experiments. The number of experiments was reduced to 16 experiments from all possible experiments by orthogonal arrays (3 factors and 4 levels in each factor). Minitab program was used as a tool for statistical calculation and for finding the suitable condition for the preservative system. HPLC studies showed that higher temperature and higher concentration of the preservative influence the amount of formaldehyde released. It was found that conditions at which formaldehyde was released in the lowest amount were 1.6%w/v HAE, 4 to 40 °C, and the original pH. Nevertheless, the pH value of NR latex should be more than 10 (the suitable pH value was found to be 13). This preservative can be used to replace current preservative systems and can maintain the quality of latex for long-term storage. Use of the proposed preservative system was also shown to have reduced impact on the toxicity of the environment.

  14. Application of Taguchi Method for Analyzing Factors Affecting the Performance of Coated Carbide Tool When Turning FCD700 in Dry Cutting Condition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ghani, Jaharah A.; Mohd Rodzi, Mohd Nor Azmi; Zaki Nuawi, Mohd; Othman, Kamal; Rahman, Mohd. Nizam Ab.; Haron, Che Hassan Che; Deros, Baba Md

    2011-01-01

    Machining is one of the most important manufacturing processes in these modern industries especially for finishing an automotive component after the primary manufacturing processes such as casting and forging. In this study the turning parameters of dry cutting environment (without air, normal air and chilled air), various cutting speed, and feed rate are evaluated using a Taguchi optimization methodology. An orthogonal array L27 (313), signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze the effect of these turning parameters on the performance of a coated carbide tool. The results show that the tool life is affected by the cutting speed, feed rate and cutting environment with contribution of 38%, 32% and 27% respectively. Whereas for the surface roughness, the feed rate is significantly controlled the machined surface produced by 77%, followed by the cutting environment of 19%. The cutting speed is found insignificant in controlling the machined surface produced. The study shows that the dry cutting environment factor should be considered in order to produce longer tool life as well as for obtaining a good machined surface.

  15. Optimization of Experimental Conditions of the Pulsed Current GTAW Parameters for Mechanical Properties of SDSS UNS S32760 Welds Based on the Taguchi Design Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yousefieh, M.; Shamanian, M.; Saatchi, A.

    2012-09-01

    Taguchi design method with L9 orthogonal array was implemented to optimize the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding parameters for the hardness and the toughness of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS, UNS S32760) welds. In this regard, the hardness and the toughness were considered as performance characteristics. Pulse current, background current, % on time, and pulse frequency were chosen as main parameters. Each parameter was varied at three different levels. As a result of pooled analysis of variance, the pulse current is found to be the most significant factor for both the hardness and the toughness of SDSS welds by percentage contribution of 71.81 for hardness and 78.18 for toughness. The % on time (21.99%) and the background current (17.81%) had also the next most significant effect on the hardness and the toughness, respectively. The optimum conditions within the selected parameter values for hardness were found as the first level of pulse current (100 A), third level of background current (70 A), first level of % on time (40%), and first level of pulse frequency (1 Hz), while they were found as the second level of pulse current (120 A), second level of background current (60 A), second level of % on time (60%), and third level of pulse frequency (5 Hz) for toughness. The Taguchi method was found to be a promising tool to obtain the optimum conditions for such studies. Finally, in order to verify experimental results, confirmation tests were carried out at optimum working conditions. Under these conditions, there were good agreements between the predicted and the experimental results for the both hardness and toughness.

  16. Experimental wear behavioral studies of as-cast and 5 hr homogenized Al25Mg2Si2Cu4Ni alloy at constant load based on taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harlapur, M. D.; Mallapur, D. G.; Udupa, K. Rajendra

    2018-04-01

    In the present study, an experimental study of the volumetric wear behaviour of Aluminium (Al-25Mg2Si2Cu4Ni) alloy in as cast and 5Hr homogenized with T6 heat treatment is carried out at constant load. The Pin on disc apparatus was used to carry out the sliding wear test. Taguchi method based on L-16 orthogonal array was employed to evaluate the data on the wear behavior. Signal-to-noise ratio among the objective of smaller the better and mean of means results were used. General regression model is obtained by correlation. Lastly confirmation test was completed to compose a comparison between the experimental results foreseen from the mention correlation. The mathematical model reveals the load has maximum contribution on the wear rate compared to speed. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to analyze the worn-out wear surfaces. Wear results show that 5Hr homogenized Al-25Mg2Si2Cu4Ni alloy samples with T6 treated had better volumetric wear resistance as compared to as cast samples.

  17. Taguchi optimization of bismuth-telluride based thermoelectric cooler

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Anant Kishore, Ravi; Kumar, Prashant; Sanghadasa, Mohan; Priya, Shashank

    2017-07-01

    In the last few decades, considerable effort has been made to enhance the figure-of-merit (ZT) of thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, the performance of commercial TE devices still remains low due to the fact that the module figure-of-merit not only depends on the material ZT, but also on the operating conditions and configuration of TE modules. This study takes into account comprehensive set of parameters to conduct the numerical performance analysis of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using a Taguchi optimization method. The Taguchi method is a statistical tool that predicts the optimal performance with a far less number of experimental runs than the conventional experimental techniques. Taguchi results are also compared with the optimized parameters obtained by a full factorial optimization method, which reveals that the Taguchi method provides optimum or near-optimum TEC configuration using only 25 experiments against 3125 experiments needed by the conventional optimization method. This study also shows that the environmental factors such as ambient temperature and cooling coefficient do not significantly affect the optimum geometry and optimum operating temperature of TECs. The optimum TEC configuration for simultaneous optimization of cooling capacity and coefficient of performance is also provided.

  18. Optimization of Quenching Parameters for the Reduction of Titaniferous Magnetite Ore by Lean Grade Coal Using the Taguchi Method and Its Isothermal Kinetic Study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sarkar, Bitan Kumar; Kumar, Nikhil; Dey, Rajib; Das, Gopes Chandra

    2018-06-01

    In the present study, a unique method is adopted to achieve higher reducibility of titaniferous magnetite lump ore (TMO). In this method, TMO is initially heated followed by water quenching. The quenching process generates cracks due to thermal shock in the dense TMO lumps, which, in turn, increases the extent of reduction (EOR) using the lean grade coal as a reductant. The optimum combination of parameters found by using Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array (OA) (five factors, three levels) is - 8 + 4 mm of particle size (PS1), 1423 K of quenching temperature (Qtemp2), 15 minutes of quenching time (Qtime3), 3 times the number of quenching {(No. of Q)3}, and 120 minutes of reduction time (Rtime3) at fixed reduction temperature of 1473 K. At optimized levels of the parameters, 92.39 pct reduction is achieved. Isothermal reduction kinetics of the quenched TMO lumps at the optimized condition reveals mixed controlled mechanisms [initially contracting geometry (CG3) followed by diffusion (D3)]. Activation energies calculated are 69.895 KJ/mole for CG3 and 39.084 KJ/mole for D3.

  19. Investigation and Taguchi Optimization of Microbial Fuel Cell Salt Bridge Dimensional Parameters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sarma, Dhrupad; Barua, Parimal Bakul; Dey, Nabendu; Nath, Sumitro; Thakuria, Mrinmay; Mallick, Synthia

    2018-01-01

    One major problem of two chamber salt bridge microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is the high resistance offered by the salt bridge to anion flow. Many researchers who have studied and optimized various parameters related to salt bridge MFC, have not shed much light on the effect of salt bridge dimensional parameters on the MFC performance. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of length and cross sectional area of salt bridge and the effect of solar radiation and atmospheric temperature on MFC current output. An experiment has been designed using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, taking length and cross sectional area of salt bridge as factors having three levels. Nine MFCs were fabricated as per the nine trial conditions. Trials were conducted for 3 days and output current of each of the MFCs along with solar insolation and atmospheric temperature were recorded. Analysis of variance shows that salt bridge length has significant effect both on mean (with 53.90% contribution at 95% CL) and variance (with 56.46% contribution at 87% CL), whereas the effect of cross sectional area of the salt bridge and the interaction of these two factors is significant on mean only (with 95% CL). Optimum combination was found at 260 mm salt bridge length and 506.7 mm2 cross sectional area with 4.75 mA of mean output current. The temperature and solar insolation data when correlated with each of the MFCs average output current, revealed that both external factors have significant impact on MFC current output but the correlation coefficient varies from MFC to MFC depending on salt bridge dimensional parameters.

  20. Orthogonal Array Testing for Transmit Precoding based Codebooks in Space Shift Keying Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Al-Ansi, Mohammed; Alwee Aljunid, Syed; Sourour, Essam; Mat Safar, Anuar; Rashidi, C. B. M.

    2018-03-01

    In Space Shift Keying (SSK) systems, transmit precoding based codebook approaches have been proposed to improve the performance in limited feedback channels. The receiver performs an exhaustive search in a predefined Full-Combination (FC) codebook to select the optimal codeword that maximizes the Minimum Euclidean Distance (MED) between the received constellations. This research aims to reduce the codebook size with the purpose of minimizing the selection time and the number of feedback bits. Therefore, we propose to construct the codebooks based on Orthogonal Array Testing (OAT) methods due to their powerful inherent properties. These methods allow to acquire a short codebook where the codewords are sufficient to cover almost all the possible effects included in the FC codebook. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed OAT codebooks in terms of the system performance and complexity.

  1. Optimisation Of Cutting Parameters Of Composite Material Laser Cutting Process By Taguchi Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lokesh, S.; Niresh, J.; Neelakrishnan, S.; Rahul, S. P. Deepak

    2018-03-01

    The aim of this work is to develop a laser cutting process model that can predict the relationship between the process input parameters and resultant surface roughness, kerf width characteristics. The research conduct is based on the Design of Experiment (DOE) analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used in this work. It is one of the most practical and most effective techniques to develop a process model. Even though RSM has been used for the optimization of the laser process, this research investigates laser cutting of materials like Composite wood (veneer)to be best circumstances of laser cutting using RSM process. The input parameters evaluated are focal length, power supply and cutting speed, the output responses being kerf width, surface roughness, temperature. To efficiently optimize and customize the kerf width and surface roughness characteristics, a machine laser cutting process model using Taguchi L9 orthogonal methodology was proposed.

  2. Modified Mahalanobis Taguchi System for Imbalance Data Classification

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    The Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) is considered one of the most promising binary classification algorithms to handle imbalance data. Unfortunately, MTS lacks a method for determining an efficient threshold for the binary classification. In this paper, a nonlinear optimization model is formulated based on minimizing the distance between MTS Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and the theoretical optimal point named Modified Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MMTS). To validate the MMTS classification efficacy, it has been benchmarked with Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Naive Bayes (NB), Probabilistic Mahalanobis Taguchi Systems (PTM), Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Adaptive Conformal Transformation (ACT), Kernel Boundary Alignment (KBA), Hidden Naive Bayes (HNB), and other improved Naive Bayes algorithms. MMTS outperforms the benchmarked algorithms especially when the imbalance ratio is greater than 400. A real life case study on manufacturing sector is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and to compare its performance with Mahalanobis Genetic Algorithm (MGA). PMID:28811820

  3. Taguchi Optimization of Cutting Parameters in Turning AISI 1020 MS with M2 HSS Tool

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sonowal, Dharindom; Sarma, Dhrupad; Bakul Barua, Parimal; Nath, Thuleswar

    2017-08-01

    In this paper the effect of three cutting parameters viz. Spindle speed, Feed and Depth of Cut on surface roughness of AISI 1020 mild steel bar in turning was investigated and optimized to obtain minimum surface roughness. All the experiments are conducted on HMT LB25 lathe machine using M2 HSS cutting tool. Ranges of parameters of interest have been decided through some preliminary experimentation (One Factor At a Time experiments). Finally a combined experiment has been carried out using Taguchi’s L27 Orthogonal Array (OA) to study the main effect and interaction effect of the all three parameters. The experimental results were analyzed with raw data ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and S/N data (Signal to Noise ratio) ANOVA. Results show that Spindle speed, Feed and Depth of Cut have significant effects on both mean and variation of surface roughness in turning AISI 1020 mild steel. Mild two factors interactions are observed among the aforesaid factors with significant effects only on the mean of the output variable. From the Taguchi parameter optimization the optimum factor combination is found to be 630 rpm spindle speed, 0.05 mm/rev feed and 1.25 mm depth of cut with estimated surface roughness 2.358 ± 0.970 µm. A confirmatory experiment was conducted with the optimum factor combination to verify the results. In the confirmatory experiment the average value of surface roughness is found to be 2.408 µm which is well within the range (0.418 µm to 4.299 µm) predicted for confirmatory experiment.

  4. Assessing the applicability of the Taguchi design method to an interrill erosion study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, F. B.; Wang, Z. L.; Yang, M. Y.

    2015-02-01

    Full-factorial experimental designs have been used in soil erosion studies, but are time, cost and labor intensive, and sometimes they are impossible to conduct due to the increasing number of factors and their levels to consider. The Taguchi design is a simple, economical and efficient statistical tool that only uses a portion of the total possible factorial combinations to obtain the results of a study. Soil erosion studies that use the Taguchi design are scarce and no comparisons with full-factorial designs have been made. In this paper, a series of simulated rainfall experiments using a full-factorial design of five slope lengths (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2 m), five slope gradients (18%, 27%, 36%, 48%, and 58%), and five rainfall intensities (48, 62.4, 102, 149, and 170 mm h-1) were conducted. Validation of the applicability of a Taguchi design to interrill erosion experiments was achieved by extracting data from the full dataset according to a theoretical Taguchi design. The statistical parameters for the mean quasi-steady state erosion and runoff rates of each test, the optimum conditions for producing maximum erosion and runoff, and the main effect and percentage contribution of each factor obtained from the full-factorial and Taguchi designs were compared. Both designs generated almost identical results. Using the experimental data from the Taguchi design, it was possible to accurately predict the erosion and runoff rates under the conditions that had been excluded from the Taguchi design. All of the results obtained from analyzing the experimental data for both designs indicated that the Taguchi design could be applied to interrill erosion studies and could replace full-factorial designs. This would save time, labor and costs by generally reducing the number of tests to be conducted. Further work should test the applicability of the Taguchi design to a wider range of conditions.

  5. Experimental Research and Mathematical Modeling of Parameters Effecting on Cutting Force and SurfaceRoughness in CNC Turning Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeqiri, F.; Alkan, M.; Kaya, B.; Toros, S.

    2018-01-01

    In this paper, the effects of cutting parameters on cutting forces and surface roughness based on Taguchi experimental design method are determined. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to investigate the effects of machining parameters. Optimal cutting conditions are determined using the signal/noise (S/N) ratio which is calculated by average surface roughness and cutting force. Using results of analysis, effects of parameters on both average surface roughness and cutting forces are calculated on Minitab 17 using ANOVA method. The material that was investigated is Inconel 625 steel for two cases with heat treatment and without heat treatment. The predicted and calculated values with measurement are very close to each other. Confirmation test of results showed that the Taguchi method was very successful in the optimization of machining parameters for maximum surface roughness and cutting forces in the CNC turning process.

  6. Optimized selection of benchmark test parameters for image watermark algorithms based on Taguchi methods and corresponding influence on design decisions for real-world applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rodriguez, Tony F.; Cushman, David A.

    2003-06-01

    With the growing commercialization of watermarking techniques in various application scenarios it has become increasingly important to quantify the performance of watermarking products. The quantification of relative merits of various products is not only essential in enabling further adoption of the technology by society as a whole, but will also drive the industry to develop testing plans/methodologies to ensure quality and minimize cost (to both vendors & customers.) While the research community understands the theoretical need for a publicly available benchmarking system to quantify performance, there has been less discussion on the practical application of these systems. By providing a standard set of acceptance criteria, benchmarking systems can dramatically increase the quality of a particular watermarking solution, validating the product performances if they are used efficiently and frequently during the design process. In this paper we describe how to leverage specific design of experiments techniques to increase the quality of a watermarking scheme, to be used with the benchmark tools being developed by the Ad-Hoc Watermark Verification Group. A Taguchi Loss Function is proposed for an application and orthogonal arrays used to isolate optimal levels for a multi-factor experimental situation. Finally, the results are generalized to a population of cover works and validated through an exhaustive test.

  7. Application of Taguchi-grey method to optimize drilling of EMS 45 steel using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with multiple performance characteristics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soepangkat, Bobby O. P.; Suhardjono, Pramujati, Bambang

    2017-06-01

    Machining under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has drawn the attention of researchers as an alternative to the traditionally used wet and dry machining conditions with the purpose to minimize the cooling and lubricating cost, as well as to reduce cutting zone temperature, tool wear, and hole surface roughness. Drilling is one of the important operations to assemble machine components. The objective of this study was to optimize drilling parameters such as cutting feed and cutting speed, drill type and drill point angle on the thrust force, torque, hole surface roughness and tool flank wear in drilling EMS 45 tool steel using MQL. In this study, experiments were carried out as per Taguchi design of experiments while an L18 orthogonal array was used to study the influence of various combinations of drilling parameters and tool geometries on the thrust force, torque, hole surface roughness and tool flank wear. The optimum drilling parameters was determined by using grey relational grade obtained from grey relational analysis for multiple-performance characteristics. The drilling experiments were carried out by using twist drill and CNC machining center. This work is useful for optimum values selection of various drilling parameters and tool geometries that would not only minimize the thrust force and torque, but also reduce hole surface roughness and tool flank wear.

  8. Effect of injection parameters on mechanical and physical properties of super ultra-thin wall propylene packaging by Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ginghtong, Thatchanok; Nakpathomkun, Natthapon; Pechyen, Chiravoot

    2018-06-01

    The parameters of the plastic injection molding process have been investigated for the manufacture of a 64 oz. ultra-thin polypropylene bucket. The 3 main parameters, such as injection speed, melting temperature, holding pressure, were investigated to study their effect on the physical appearance and compressive strength. The orthogonal array of Taguchi's L9 (33) was used to carry out the experimental plan. The physical properties were measured and the compressive strength was determined using linear regression analysis. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to analyze the crystalline structure of the product. The optimization results show that the proposed approach can help engineers identify optimal process parameters and achieve competitive advantages of energy consumption and product quality. In addition, the injection molding of the product includes 24 mm of shot stroke, 1.47 mm position transfer, 268 rpm screw speed, injection speed 100 mm/s, 172 ton clamping force, 800 kgf holding pressure, 0.9 s holding time and 1.4 s cooling time, make the products in the shape and proportion of the product satisfactory. The parameters of influence are injection speed 71.07%, melting temperature 23.31% and holding pressure 5.62%, respectively. The compressive strength of the product was able to withstand a pressure of up to 839 N before the product became plastic. The low melting temperature was caused by the superior crystalline structure of the super-ultra-thin wall product which leads to a lower compressive strength.

  9. Orthogonally referenced integrated ensemble for navigation and timing

    DOEpatents

    Smith, Stephen Fulton; Moore, James Anthony

    2013-02-26

    An orthogonally referenced integrated ensemble for navigation and timing includes a dual-polyhedral oscillator array, including an outer sensing array of oscillators and an inner clock array of oscillators situated inside the outer sensing array. The outer sensing array includes a first pair of sensing oscillators situated along a first axis of the outer sensing array, a second pair of sensing oscillators situated along a second axis of the outer sensing array, and a third pair of sensing oscillators situated along a third axis of the outer sensing array. The inner clock array of oscillators includes a first pair of clock oscillators situated along a first axis of the inner clock array, a second pair of clock oscillators situated along a second axis of the inner clock array, and a third pair of clock oscillators situated along a third axis of the inner clock array.

  10. Orthogonally referenced integrated ensemble for navigation and timing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Smith, Stephen Fulton; Moore, James Anthony

    2014-04-01

    An orthogonally referenced integrated ensemble for navigation and timing includes a dual-polyhedral oscillator array, including an outer sensing array of oscillators and an inner clock array of oscillators situated inside the outer sensing array. The outer sensing array includes a first pair of sensing oscillators situated along a first axis of the outer sensing array, a second pair of sensing oscillators situated along a second axis of the outer sensing array, and a third pair of sensing oscillators situated along a third axis of the outer sensing array. The inner clock array of oscillators includes a first pair of clockmore » oscillators situated along a first axis of the inner clock array, a second pair of clock oscillators situated along a second axis of the inner clock array, and a third pair of clock oscillators situated along a third axis of the inner clock array.« less

  11. Medium optimization by orthogonal array and response surface methodology for cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces lavendulae NCIM 2499.

    PubMed

    Chauhan, Awadesh K; Survase, Shrikant A; Kishenkumar, Jyoti; Annapure, Uday S

    2009-06-01

    This paper deals with the optimization of culture conditions for the production of cholesterol oxidase (COD) by Streptomyces lavendulae NCIM 2499 using the one-factor-at-a-time method, orthogonal array method and response surface methodology (RSM) approaches. The one-factor-at-a-time method was adopted to investigate the effects of medium components (i.e. carbon and nitrogen) and environmental factors (i.e. initial pH) on biomass growth and COD production. Subsequently, an L12 orthogonal matrix was used to evaluate the significance of glycerol, soyabean meal, malt extract, K2HPO4, MgSO4 and NaCl. The effects of media components were ranked according to their effects on the production of COD as malt extract > soyabean meal > K2HPO4 > NaCl > MgSO4 > glycerol. The subsequent optimization of the four most significant factors viz. malt extract, soyabean meal, K2HPO4 and NaCl, was carried out by employing a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of RSM. There was a 2.48-fold increase in productivity of COD as compared to the unoptimized media by using these statistical approaches.

  12. A Taguchi study of the aeroelastic tailoring design process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bohlmann, Jonathan D.; Scott, Robert C.

    1991-01-01

    A Taguchi study was performed to determine the important players in the aeroelastic tailoring design process and to find the best composition of the optimization's objective function. The Wing Aeroelastic Synthesis Procedure (TSO) was used to ascertain the effects that factors such as composite laminate constraints, roll effectiveness constraints, and built-in wing twist and camber have on the optimum, aeroelastically tailored wing skin design. The results show the Taguchi method to be a viable engineering tool for computational inquiries, and provide some valuable lessons about the practice of aeroelastic tailoring.

  13. Mathematical construction and perturbation analysis of Zernike discrete orthogonal points.

    PubMed

    Shi, Zhenguang; Sui, Yongxin; Liu, Zhenyu; Peng, Ji; Yang, Huaijiang

    2012-06-20

    Zernike functions are orthogonal within the unit circle, but they are not over the discrete points such as CCD arrays or finite element grids. This will result in reconstruction errors for loss of orthogonality. By using roots of Legendre polynomials, a set of points within the unit circle can be constructed so that Zernike functions over the set are discretely orthogonal. Besides that, the location tolerances of the points are studied by perturbation analysis, and the requirements of the positioning precision are not very strict. Computer simulations show that this approach provides a very accurate wavefront reconstruction with the proposed sampling set.

  14. Application of Taguchi method to optimization of surface roughness during precise turning of NiTi shape memory alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kowalczyk, M.

    2017-08-01

    This paper describes the research results of surface quality research after the NiTi shape memory alloy (Nitinol) precise turning by the tools with edges made of polycrystalline diamonds (PCD). Nitinol, a nearly equiatomic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, has wide applications in the arms industry, military, medicine and aerospace industry, and industrial robots. Due to their specific properties NiTi alloys are known to be difficult-to-machine materials particularly by using conventional techniques. The research trials were conducted for three independent parameters (vc, f, ap) affecting the surface roughness were analyzed. The choice of parameter configurations were performed by factorial design methods using orthogonal plan type L9, with three control factors, changing on three levels, developed by G. Taguchi. S/N ratio and ANOVA analyses were performed to identify the best of cutting parameters influencing surface roughness.

  15. Rapid development of xylanase assay conditions using Taguchi methodology.

    PubMed

    Prasad Uday, Uma Shankar; Bandyopadhyay, Tarun Kanti; Bhunia, Biswanath

    2016-11-01

    The present investigation is mainly concerned with the rapid development of extracellular xylanase assay conditions by using Taguchi methodology. The extracellular xylanase was produced from Aspergillus niger (KP874102.1), a new strain isolated from a soil sample of the Baramura forest, Tripura West, India. Four physical parameters including temperature, pH, buffer concentration and incubation time were considered as key factors for xylanase activity and were optimized using Taguchi robust design methodology for enhanced xylanase activity. The main effect, interaction effects and optimal levels of the process factors were determined using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The Taguchi method recommends the use of S/N ratio to measure quality characteristics. Based on analysis of the S/N ratio, optimal levels of the process factors were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate statistically significant process factors. ANOVA results showed that temperature contributed the maximum impact (62.58%) on xylanase activity, followed by pH (22.69%), buffer concentration (9.55%) and incubation time (5.16%). Predicted results showed that enhanced xylanase activity (81.47%) can be achieved with pH 2, temperature 50°C, buffer concentration 50 Mm and incubation time 10 min.

  16. Permeability Evaluation Through Chitosan Membranes Using Taguchi Design

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, Vipin; Marwaha, Rakesh Kumar; Dureja, Harish

    2010-01-01

    In the present study, chitosan membranes capable of imitating permeation characteristics of diclofenac diethylamine across animal skin were prepared using cast drying method. The effect of concentration of chitosan, concentration of cross-linking agent (NaTPP), crosslinking time was studied using Taguchi design. Taguchi design ranked concentration of chitosan as the most important factor influencing the permeation parameters of diclofenac diethylamine. The flux of the diclofenac diethylamine solution through optimized chitosan membrane (T9) was found to be comparable to that obtained across rat skin. The mathematical model developed using multilinear regression analysis can be used to formulate chitosan membranes that can mimic the desired permeation characteristics. The developed chitosan membranes can be utilized as a substitute to animal skin for in vitro permeation studies. PMID:21179329

  17. Permeability evaluation through chitosan membranes using taguchi design.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Vipin; Marwaha, Rakesh Kumar; Dureja, Harish

    2010-01-01

    In the present study, chitosan membranes capable of imitating permeation characteristics of diclofenac diethylamine across animal skin were prepared using cast drying method. The effect of concentration of chitosan, concentration of cross-linking agent (NaTPP), crosslinking time was studied using Taguchi design. Taguchi design ranked concentration of chitosan as the most important factor influencing the permeation parameters of diclofenac diethylamine. The flux of the diclofenac diethylamine solution through optimized chitosan membrane (T9) was found to be comparable to that obtained across rat skin. The mathematical model developed using multilinear regression analysis can be used to formulate chitosan membranes that can mimic the desired permeation characteristics. The developed chitosan membranes can be utilized as a substitute to animal skin for in vitro permeation studies.

  18. Taguchi method for partial differential equations with application in tumor growth.

    PubMed

    Ilea, M; Turnea, M; Rotariu, M; Arotăriţei, D; Popescu, Marilena

    2014-01-01

    The growth of tumors is a highly complex process. To describe this process, mathematical models are needed. A variety of partial differential mathematical models for tumor growth have been developed and studied. Most of those models are based on the reaction-diffusion equations and mass conservation law. A variety of modeling strategies have been developed, each focusing on tumor growth. Systems of time-dependent partial differential equations occur in many branches of applied mathematics. The vast majority of mathematical models in tumor growth are formulated in terms of partial differential equations. We propose a mathematical model for the interactions between these three cancer cell populations. The Taguchi methods are widely used by quality engineering scientists to compare the effects of multiple variables, together with their interactions, with a simple and manageable experimental design. In Taguchi's design of experiments, variation is more interesting to study than the average. First, Taguchi methods are utilized to search for the significant factors and the optimal level combination of parameters. Except the three parameters levels, other factors levels other factors levels would not be considered. Second, cutting parameters namely, cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate are designed using the Taguchi method. Finally, the adequacy of the developed mathematical model is proved by ANOVA. According to the results of ANOVA, since the percentage contribution of the combined error is as small. Many mathematical models can be quantitatively characterized by partial differential equations. The use of MATLAB and Taguchi method in this article illustrates the important role of informatics in research in mathematical modeling. The study of tumor growth cells is an exciting and important topic in cancer research and will profit considerably from theoretical input. Interpret these results to be a permanent collaboration between math's and medical oncologists.

  19. Taguchi Experimental Design for Cleaning PWAs with Ball Grid Arrays

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bonner, J. K.; Mehta, A.; Walton, S.

    1997-01-01

    Ball grid arrays (BGAs), and other area array packages, are becoming more prominent as a way to increase component pin count while avoiding the manufacturing difficulties inherent in processing quad flat packs (QFPs)...Cleaning printed wiring assemblies (PWAs) with BGA components mounted on the surface is problematic...Currently, a low flash point semi-aqueous material, in conjunction with a batch cleaning unit, is being used to clean PWAs. The approach taken at JPL was to investigate the use of (1) semi-aqueous materials having a high flash point and (2) aqueous cleaning involving a saponifier.

  20. Taguchi's technique: an effective method for improving X-ray medical radiographic screen performance.

    PubMed

    Vlachogiannis, J G

    2003-01-01

    Taguchi's technique is a helpful tool to achieve experimental optimization of a large number of decision variables with a small number of off-line experiments. The technique appears to be an ideal tool for improving the performance of X-ray medical radiographic screens under a noise source. Currently there are very many guides available for improving the efficiency of X-ray medical radiographic screens. These guides can be refined using a second-stage parameter optimization. based on Taguchi's technique, selecting the optimum levels of controllable X-ray radiographic screen factors. A real example of the proposed technique is presented giving certain performance criteria. The present research proposes the reinforcement of X-ray radiography by Taguchi's technique as a novel hardware mechanism.

  1. Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of zinc oxalate nanoparticles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shamsipur, Mojtaba, E-mail: mshamsipur@yahoo.com; Roushani, Mahmoud; Department of Chemistry, Ilam University, Ilam

    2013-03-15

    Highlights: ► Synthesis of zinc oxalate nanoparticles via electrolysis of a zinc plate anode in sodium oxalate solutions. ► Design of a Taguchi orthogonal array to identify the optimal experimental conditions. ► Controlling the size and shape of particles via applied voltage and oxalate concentration. ► Characterization of zinc oxalate nanoparticles by SEM, UV–vis, FT-IR and TG–DTA. - Abstract: A rapid, clean and simple electrodeposition method was designed for the synthesis of zinc oxalate nanoparticles. Zinc oxalate nanoparticles in different size and shapes were electrodeposited by electrolysis of a zinc plate anode in sodium oxalate aqueous solutions. It was foundmore » that the size and shape of the product could be tuned by electrolysis voltage, oxalate ion concentration, and stirring rate of electrolyte solution. A Taguchi orthogonal array design was designed to identify the optimal experimental conditions. The morphological characterization of the product was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. UV–vis and FT-IR spectroscopies were also used to characterize the electrodeposited nanoparticles. The TG–DTA studies of the nanoparticles indicated that the main thermal degradation occurs in two steps over a temperature range of 350–430 °C. In contrast to the existing methods, the present study describes a process which can be easily scaled up for the production of nano-sized zinc oxalate powder.« less

  2. Physicochemical characterization, modelling and optimization of ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment of two Pennisetum sp. using Taguchi and artificial neural networking for enhanced delignification.

    PubMed

    Mohapatra, Sonali; Dandapat, Snigdha Jyotsna; Thatoi, Hrudayanath

    2017-02-01

    Acid as well as ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass of two Pennisetum sp.; Denanath grass (DG) and Hybrid Napier grass (HNG) have been investigated for enhanced delignification and maximum exposure of cellulose for production of bioethanol. Screening of pretreatment with different acids such as H 2 SO 4 , HCl, H 3 PO 4 and H 2 NO 3 were optimized for different temperature, soaking time and acid concentrations using Taguchi orthogonal array and the data obtained were statistically validated using artificial neural networking. HCl was found to be the most effective acid for pretreatment of both the Pennisetum sp. The optimized conditions of HCl pretreatment were acid concentration of 1% and 1.5%, soaking time 130 and 50 min and temperature 121 °C and 110 °C which yielded maximum delignification of 33.0% and 33.8% for DG and HNG respectively. Further ultrosono-assisted HCl pretreatment with a power supply of 100 W, temperature of 353 K, and duty cycle of 70% has resulted in significantly higher delignification of 80.4% and 82.1% for both DG and HNG respectively than that of acid pretreatment. Investigation using SEM, FTIR and autofloresence microscopy for both acid and ultrasono-assisted acid pretreatment lignocellulosic biomass revealed conformational changes of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with decreased lignin content and increased exposure of cellulose, with greater effectiveness in case of ultrasono assisted acid pretreatment condition. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  3. Application of Taguchi methods to infrared window design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Osmer, Kurt A.; Pruszynski, Charles J.

    1990-10-01

    Dr. Genichi Taguchi, a prominent quality consultant, reduced a branch of statistics known as "Design of Experiments" to a cookbook methodology that can be employed by any competent engineer. This technique has been extensively employed by Japanese manufacturers, and is widely credited with helping them attain their current level of success in low cost, high quality product design and fabrication. Although this technique was originally put forth as a tool to streamline the determination of improved production processes, it can also be applied to a wide range of engineering problems. As part of an internal research project, this method of experimental design has been adapted to window trade studies and materials research. Two of these analyses are presented herein, and have been chosen to illustrate the breadth of applications to which the Taguchi method can be utilized.

  4. Multiple-image encryption based on double random phase encoding and compressive sensing by using a measurement array preprocessed with orthogonal-basis matrices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Luozhi; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Huo, Dongming; Li, Jinxi; Zhou, Xin

    2018-09-01

    A method is presented for multiple-image encryption by using the combination of orthogonal encoding and compressive sensing based on double random phase encoding. As an original thought in optical encryption, it is demonstrated theoretically and carried out by using the orthogonal-basis matrices to build a modified measurement array, being projected onto the images. In this method, all the images can be compressed in parallel into a stochastic signal and be diffused to be a stationary white noise. Meanwhile, each single-image can be separately reestablished by adopting a proper decryption key combination through the block-reconstruction rather than the entire-rebuilt, for its costs of data and decryption time are greatly decreased, which may be promising both in multi-user multiplexing and huge-image encryption/decryption. Besides, the security of this method is characterized by using the bit-length of key, and the parallelism is investigated as well. The simulations and discussions are also made on the effects of decryption as well as the correlation coefficient by using a series of sampling rates, occlusion attacks, keys with various error rates, etc.

  5. Optimization of PID Parameters Utilizing Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi Method and Particle Swarm Optimization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Azmi, Nur Iffah Mohamed; Arifin Mat Piah, Kamal; Yusoff, Wan Azhar Wan; Romlay, Fadhlur Rahman Mohd

    2018-03-01

    Controller that uses PID parameters requires a good tuning method in order to improve the control system performance. Tuning PID control method is divided into two namely the classical methods and the methods of artificial intelligence. Particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) is one of the artificial intelligence methods. Previously, researchers had integrated PSO algorithms in the PID parameter tuning process. This research aims to improve the PSO-PID tuning algorithms by integrating the tuning process with the Variable Weight Grey- Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) method. This is done by conducting the DOE on the two PSO optimizing parameters: the particle velocity limit and the weight distribution factor. Computer simulations and physical experiments were conducted by using the proposed PSO- PID with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE and the classical Ziegler-Nichols methods. They are implemented on the hydraulic positioning system. Simulation results show that the proposed PSO-PID with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE has reduced the rise time by 48.13% and settling time by 48.57% compared to the Ziegler-Nichols method. Furthermore, the physical experiment results also show that the proposed PSO-PID with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE tuning method responds better than Ziegler-Nichols tuning. In conclusion, this research has improved the PSO-PID parameter by applying the PSO-PID algorithm together with the Variable Weight Grey-Taguchi DOE method as a tuning method in the hydraulic positioning system.

  6. Focused-based multifractal analysis of the wake in a wind turbine array utilizing proper orthogonal decomposition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kadum, Hawwa; Ali, Naseem; Cal, Raúl

    2016-11-01

    Hot-wire anemometry measurements have been performed on a 3 x 3 wind turbine array to study the multifractality of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipations. A multifractal spectrum and Hurst exponents are determined at nine locations downstream of the hub height, and bottom and top tips. Higher multifractality is found at 0.5D and 1D downstream of the bottom tip and hub height. The second order of the Hurst exponent and combination factor show an ability to predict the flow state in terms of its development. Snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition is used to identify the coherent and incoherent structures and to reconstruct the stochastic velocity using a specific number of the POD eigenfunctions. The accumulation of the turbulent kinetic energy in top tip location exhibits fast convergence compared to the bottom tip and hub height locations. The dissipation of the large and small scales are determined using the reconstructed stochastic velocities. The higher multifractality is shown in the dissipation of the large scale compared to small-scale dissipation showing consistency with the behavior of the original signals.

  7. Partially orthogonal resonators for magnetic resonance imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chacon-Caldera, Jorge; Malzacher, Matthias; Schad, Lothar R.

    2017-02-01

    Resonators for signal reception in magnetic resonance are traditionally planar to restrict coil material and avoid coil losses. Here, we present a novel concept to model resonators partially in a plane with maximum sensitivity to the magnetic resonance signal and partially in an orthogonal plane with reduced signal sensitivity. Thus, properties of individual elements in coil arrays can be modified to optimize physical planar space and increase the sensitivity of the overall array. A particular case of the concept is implemented to decrease H-field destructive interferences in planar concentric in-phase arrays. An increase in signal to noise ratio of approximately 20% was achieved with two resonators placed over approximately the same planar area compared to common approaches at a target depth of 10 cm at 3 Tesla. Improved parallel imaging performance of this configuration is also demonstrated. The concept can be further used to increase coil density.

  8. Designing Uniquely Addressable Bio-orthogonal Synthetic Scaffolds for DNA and RNA Origami.

    PubMed

    Kozyra, Jerzy; Ceccarelli, Alessandro; Torelli, Emanuela; Lopiccolo, Annunziata; Gu, Jing-Ying; Fellermann, Harold; Stimming, Ulrich; Krasnogor, Natalio

    2017-07-21

    Nanotechnology and synthetic biology are rapidly converging, with DNA origami being one of the leading bridging technologies. DNA origami was shown to work well in a wide array of biotic environments. However, the large majority of extant DNA origami scaffolds utilize bacteriophages or plasmid sequences thus severely limiting its future applicability as a bio-orthogonal nanotechnology platform. In this paper we present the design of biologically inert (i.e., "bio-orthogonal") origami scaffolds. The synthetic scaffolds have the additional advantage of being uniquely addressable (unlike biologically derived ones) and hence are better optimized for high-yield folding. We demonstrate our fully synthetic scaffold design with both DNA and RNA origamis and describe a protocol to produce these bio-orthogonal and uniquely addressable origami scaffolds.

  9. Taguchi Approach to Design Optimization for Quality and Cost: An Overview

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Unal, Resit; Dean, Edwin B.

    1990-01-01

    Calibrations to existing cost of doing business in space indicate that to establish human presence on the Moon and Mars with the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) will require resources, felt by many, to be more than the national budget can afford. In order for SEI to succeed, we must actually design and build space systems at lower cost this time, even with tremendous increases in quality and performance requirements, such as extremely high reliability. This implies that both government and industry must change the way they do business. Therefore, new philosophy and technology must be employed to design and produce reliable, high quality space systems at low cost. In recognizing the need to reduce cost and improve quality and productivity, Department of Defense (DoD) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have initiated Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM is a revolutionary management strategy in quality assurance and cost reduction. TQM requires complete management commitment, employee involvement, and use of statistical tools. The quality engineering methods of Dr. Taguchi, employing design of experiments (DOE), is one of the most important statistical tools of TQM for designing high quality systems at reduced cost. Taguchi methods provide an efficient and systematic way to optimize designs for performance, quality, and cost. Taguchi methods have been used successfully in Japan and the United States in designing reliable, high quality products at low cost in such areas as automobiles and consumer electronics. However, these methods are just beginning to see application in the aerospace industry. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the Taguchi methods for improving quality and reducing cost, describe the current state of applications and its role in identifying cost sensitive design parameters.

  10. Improved Grid-Array Millimeter-Wave Amplifier

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rosenberg, James J.; Rutledge, David B.; Smith, R. Peter; Weikle, Robert

    1993-01-01

    Improved grid-array amplifiers operating at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths developed for use in communications and radar. Feedback suppressed by making input polarizations orthogonal to output polarizations. Amplifier made to oscillate by introducing some feedback. Several grid-array amplifiers concatenated to form high-gain beam-amplifying unit.

  11. An integrated Taguchi and response surface methodological approach for the optimization of an HPLC method to determine glimepiride in a supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying formulation.

    PubMed

    Dash, Rajendra Narayan; Mohammed, Habibuddin; Humaira, Touseef

    2016-01-01

    We studied the application of Taguchi orthogonal array (TOA) design during the development of an isocratic stability indicating HPLC method for glimepiride as per TOA design; twenty-seven experiments were conducted by varying six chromatographic factors. Percentage of organic phase was the most significant (p < 0.001) on retention time, while buffer pH had the most significant (p < 0.001) effect on tailing factor and theoretical plates. TOA design has shortcoming, which identifies the only linear effect, while ignoring the quadratic and interaction effects. Hence, a response surface model for each response was created including the linear, quadratic and interaction terms. The developed models for each response found to be well predictive bearing an acceptable adjusted correlation coefficient (0.9152 for retention time, 0.8985 for tailing factor and 0.8679 for theoretical plates). The models were found to be significant (p < 0.001) having a high F value for each response (15.76 for retention time, 13.12 for tailing factor and 9.99 for theoretical plates). The optimal chromatographic condition uses acetonitrile - potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.0; 30 mM) (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase. The temperature, flow rate and injection volume were selected as 35 ± 2 °C, 1.0 mL min(-1) and 20 μL respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be specific for analyzing glimepiride from a novel supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying formulation.

  12. Novel analytical approach for strongly coupled waveguide arrays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kohli, Niharika; Srivastava, Sangeeta; Sharma, Enakshi K.

    2018-02-01

    Coupled Mode theory and Variational methods are the most extensively used analytical methods for the study of coupled optical waveguides. In this paper we have discussed a variation of the Ritz Galerkin Variational method (RGVM) wherein the trial field is a superposition of an orthogonal basis set which in turn is generated from superposition of the individual waveguide modal fields using Gram Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure (GSOP). The conventional coupled mode theory (CCMT), a modified coupled mode theory (MCMT) incorporating interaction terms that are neglected in CCMT, and an RGVM using orthogonal basis set (RG-GSOP) are compared for waveguide arrays of different materials. The exact effective indices values for these planar waveguide arrays are also studied. The different materials have their index-contrasts ranging between the GaAs/ AlGaAs system to Si/SiO2 system. It has been shown that the error in the effective indices values obtained from MCMT and CCMT is higher than RGVM-GSOP especially in the case of higher index-contrast. Therefore, for accurate calculations of the modal characteristics of planar waveguide arrays, even at higher index-contrasts, RGVM-GSOP is the best choice. Moreover, we obtain obviously orthogonal supermode fields and Hermitian matrix from RGVM-GSOP.

  13. Code-modulated interferometric imaging system using phased arrays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chauhan, Vikas; Greene, Kevin; Floyd, Brian

    2016-05-01

    Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) imaging provides compelling capabilities for security screening, navigation, and bio- medical applications. Traditional scanned or focal-plane mm-wave imagers are bulky and costly. In contrast, phased-array hardware developed for mass-market wireless communications and automotive radar promise to be extremely low cost. In this work, we present techniques which can allow low-cost phased-array receivers to be reconfigured or re-purposed as interferometric imagers, removing the need for custom hardware and thereby reducing cost. Since traditional phased arrays power combine incoming signals prior to digitization, orthogonal code-modulation is applied to each incoming signal using phase shifters within each front-end and two-bit codes. These code-modulated signals can then be combined and processed coherently through a shared hardware path. Once digitized, visibility functions can be recovered through squaring and code-demultiplexing operations. Pro- vided that codes are selected such that the product of two orthogonal codes is a third unique and orthogonal code, it is possible to demultiplex complex visibility functions directly. As such, the proposed system modulates incoming signals but demodulates desired correlations. In this work, we present the operation of the system, a validation of its operation using behavioral models of a traditional phased array, and a benchmarking of the code-modulated interferometer against traditional interferometer and focal-plane arrays.

  14. Performance of Ti-multilayer coated tool during machining of MDN431 alloyed steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Badiger, Pradeep V.; Desai, Vijay; Ramesh, M. R.

    2018-04-01

    Turbine forgings and other components are required to be high resistance to corrosion and oxidation because which they are highly alloyed with Ni and Cr. Midhani manufactures one of such material MDN431. It's a hard-to-machine steel with high hardness and strength. PVD coated insert provide an answer to problem with its state of art technique on the WC tool. Machinability studies is carried out on MDN431 steel using uncoated and Ti-multilayer coated WC tool insert using Taguchi optimisation technique. During the present investigation, speed (398-625rpm), feed (0.093-0.175mm/rev), and depth of cut (0.2-0.4mm) varied according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, subsequently cutting forces and surface roughness (Ra) were measured. Optimizations of the obtained results are done using Taguchi technique for cutting forces and surface roughness. Using Taguchi technique linear fit model regression analysis carried out for the combination of each input variable. Experimented results are compared and found the developed model is adequate which supported by proof trials. Speed, feed and depth of cut are linearly dependent on the cutting force and surface roughness for uncoated insert whereas Speed and depth of cut feed is inversely dependent in coated insert for both cutting force and surface roughness. Machined surface for coated and uncoated inserts during machining of MDN431 is studied using optical profilometer.

  15. Developing an Optimum Protocol for Thermoluminescence Dosimetry with GR-200 Chips using Taguchi Method.

    PubMed

    Sadeghi, Maryam; Faghihi, Reza; Sina, Sedigheh

    2017-06-15

    Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) is a powerful technique with wide applications in personal, environmental and clinical dosimetry. The optimum annealing, storage and reading protocols are very effective in accuracy of TLD response. The purpose of this study is to obtain an optimum protocol for GR-200; LiF: Mg, Cu, P, by optimizing the effective parameters, to increase the reliability of the TLD response using Taguchi method. Taguchi method has been used in this study for optimization of annealing, storage and reading protocols of the TLDs. A number of 108 GR-200 chips were divided into 27 groups, each containing four chips. The TLDs were exposed to three different doses, and stored, annealed and read out by different procedures as suggested by Taguchi Method. By comparing the signal-to-noise ratios the optimum dosimetry procedure was obtained. According to the results, the optimum values for annealing temperature (°C), Annealing Time (s), Annealing to Exposure time (d), Exposure to Readout time (d), Pre-heat Temperature (°C), Pre-heat Time (s), Heating Rate (°C/s), Maximum Temperature of Readout (°C), readout time (s) and Storage Temperature (°C) are 240, 90, 1, 2, 50, 0, 15, 240, 13 and -20, respectively. Using the optimum protocol, an efficient glow curve with low residual signals can be achieved. Using optimum protocol obtained by Taguchi method, the dosimetry can be effectively performed with great accuracy. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  16. The robust design for improving crude palm oil quality in Indonesian Mill

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maretia Benu, Siti; Sinulingga, Sukaria; Matondang, Nazaruddin; Budiman, Irwan

    2018-04-01

    This research was conducted in palm oil mill in Sumatra Utara Province, Indonesia. Currently, the main product of this mill is Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and hasn’t met the expected standard quality. CPO is the raw material for many fat derivative products. The generally stipulated quality criteria are dirt count, free fatty acid, and moisture of CPO. The aim of this study is to obtain the optimal setting for factor’s affect the quality of CPO. The optimal setting will result in an improvement of product’s quality. In this research, Experimental Design with Taguchi Method is used. Steps of this method are identified influence factors, select the orthogonal array, processed data using ANOVA test and signal to noise ratio, and confirmed the research using Quality Loss Function. The result of this study using Taguchi Method is to suggest to set fruit maturity at 75.4-86.9%, digester temperature at 95°C and press at 21 Ampere to reduce quality deviation until 42.42%.

  17. Performance Comparison of Orthogonal and Quasi-orthogonal Codes in Quasi-Synchronous Cellular CDMA Communication

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jos, Sujit; Kumar, Preetam; Chakrabarti, Saswat

    Orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal codes are integral part of any DS-CDMA based cellular systems. Orthogonal codes are ideal for use in perfectly synchronous scenario like downlink cellular communication. Quasi-orthogonal codes are preferred over orthogonal codes in the uplink communication where perfect synchronization cannot be achieved. In this paper, we attempt to compare orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal codes in presence of timing synchronization error. This will give insight into the synchronization demands in DS-CDMA systems employing the two classes of sequences. The synchronization error considered is smaller than chip duration. Monte-Carlo simulations have been carried out to verify the analytical and numerical results.

  18. Improving the Glucose Meter Error Grid With the Taguchi Loss Function.

    PubMed

    Krouwer, Jan S

    2016-07-01

    Glucose meters often have similar performance when compared by error grid analysis. This is one reason that other statistics such as mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) are used to further differentiate performance. The problem with MARD is that too much information is lost. But additional information is available within the A zone of an error grid by using the Taguchi loss function. Applying the Taguchi loss function gives each glucose meter difference from reference a value ranging from 0 (no error) to 1 (error reaches the A zone limit). Values are averaged over all data which provides an indication of risk of an incorrect medical decision. This allows one to differentiate glucose meter performance for the common case where meters have a high percentage of values in the A zone and no values beyond the B zone. Examples are provided using simulated data. © 2015 Diabetes Technology Society.

  19. Investigation of effects of process parameters on properties of friction stir welded joints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chauhan, Atul; Soota, Tarun; Rajput, S. K.

    2018-03-01

    This work deals with application of friction stir welding (FSW) using application of Taguchi orthogonal array. FSW procedure is used for joining the aluminium alloy AA6063-T0 plates in butt configuration with orthogonal combination of factors and their levels. The combination of factors involving tool rotation speed, tool travel speed and tool pin profile are used in three levels. Grey relational analysis (GRA) has been applied to select optimum level of factors for optimising UTS, ductility and hardness of joint. Experiments have been conducted with two different tool materials (HSS and HCHCr steel) with various factors level combinations for joining AA6063-T0. On the basis of grey relational grades at different levels of factors and analysis of variance (ANOVA) ideal combination of factors are determined. The influence of tool material is also studied.

  20. Factors Affecting Optimal Surface Roughness of AISI 4140 Steel in Turning Operation Using Taguchi Experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Novareza, O.; Sulistiyarini, D. H.; Wiradmoko, R.

    2018-02-01

    This paper presents the result of using Taguchi method in turning process of medium carbon steel of AISI 4140. The primary concern is to find the optimal surface roughness after turning process. The taguchi method is used to get a combination of factors and factor levels in order to get the optimum surface roughness level. Four important factors with three levels were used in experiment based on Taguchi method. A number of 27 experiments were carried out during the research and analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The result of surface finish was determined in Ra type surface roughness. The depth of cut was found to be the most important factors for reducing the surface roughness of AISI 4140 steel. On the contrary, the other important factors i.e. spindle speed and rake side angle of the tool were proven to be less factors that affecting the surface finish. It is interesting to see the effect of coolant composition that gained the second important factors to reduce the roughness. It may need further research to explain this result.

  1. Taguchi's off line method and Multivariate loss function approach for quality management and optimization of process parameters -A review

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bharti, P. K.; Khan, M. I.; Singh, Harbinder

    2010-10-01

    Off-line quality control is considered to be an effective approach to improve product quality at a relatively low cost. The Taguchi method is one of the conventional approaches for this purpose. Through this approach, engineers can determine a feasible combination of design parameters such that the variability of a product's response can be reduced and the mean is close to the desired target. The traditional Taguchi method was focused on ensuring good performance at the parameter design stage with one quality characteristic, but most products and processes have multiple quality characteristics. The optimal parameter design minimizes the total quality loss for multiple quality characteristics. Several studies have presented approaches addressing multiple quality characteristics. Most of these papers were concerned with maximizing the parameter combination of signal to noise (SN) ratios. The results reveal the advantages of this approach are that the optimal parameter design is the same as the traditional Taguchi method for the single quality characteristic; the optimal design maximizes the amount of reduction of total quality loss for multiple quality characteristics. This paper presents a literature review on solving multi-response problems in the Taguchi method and its successful implementation in various industries.

  2. Orthogonal array design in optimizing the extraction efficiency of active constituents from roots of Panax notoginseng.

    PubMed

    Dong, T T X; Zhao, K J; Huang, W Z; Leung, K W; Tsim, K W K

    2005-08-01

    The root of Panax notoginseng (Radix Notoginseng, Sanqi) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly cultivated in Wenshan of Yunnan China. The identified active constituents in Radix Notoginseng include saponin, ssavonoid and polysaccharide; however, the levels of these active constituents vary greatly with different extraction processes. This variation causes a serious problem in standardizing the herbal extract. By using HPLC and spectrophotometry, the contents of notoginsenoside R(1), ginsenoside R(g1), R(b1), R(d), and ssavonoids were determined in the extracts of Radix Notoginseng that were derived from different processes of extraction according to an orthogonal array experimental design having three variable parameters: nature of extraction solvent, extraction volume and extraction time. The nature of extraction solvent and extraction volume were two distinct factors in obtaining those active constituents, while the time of extraction was a subordinate factor. The optimized condition of extraction therefore is considered to be 20 volumes of water and extracted for 24 h. In good agreement with the amount of active constituents, the activity of anti-platelet aggregation was found to be the highest in the extract that contained a better yield of the active constituents. The current results provide an optimized extraction method for the quality control of Radix Notoginseng. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  3. An Efficient Taguchi Approach for the Performance Optimization of Health, Safety, Environment and Ergonomics in Generation Companies.

    PubMed

    Azadeh, Ali; Sheikhalishahi, Mohammad

    2015-06-01

    A unique framework for performance optimization of generation companies (GENCOs) based on health, safety, environment, and ergonomics (HSEE) indicators is presented. To rank this sector of industry, the combination of data envelopment analysis (DEA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Taguchi are used for all branches of GENCOs. These methods are applied in an integrated manner to measure the performance of GENCO. The preferred model between DEA, PCA, and Taguchi is selected based on sensitivity analysis and maximum correlation between rankings. To achieve the stated objectives, noise is introduced into input data. The results show that Taguchi outperforms other methods. Moreover, a comprehensive experiment is carried out to identify the most influential factor for ranking GENCOs. The approach developed in this study could be used for continuous assessment and improvement of GENCO's performance in supplying energy with respect to HSEE factors. The results of such studies would help managers to have better understanding of weak and strong points in terms of HSEE factors.

  4. Coherent orthogonal polynomials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Celeghini, E., E-mail: celeghini@fi.infn.it; Olmo, M.A. del, E-mail: olmo@fta.uva.es

    2013-08-15

    We discuss a fundamental characteristic of orthogonal polynomials, like the existence of a Lie algebra behind them, which can be added to their other relevant aspects. At the basis of the complete framework for orthogonal polynomials we include thus–in addition to differential equations, recurrence relations, Hilbert spaces and square integrable functions–Lie algebra theory. We start here from the square integrable functions on the open connected subset of the real line whose bases are related to orthogonal polynomials. All these one-dimensional continuous spaces allow, besides the standard uncountable basis (|x〉), for an alternative countable basis (|n〉). The matrix elements that relatemore » these two bases are essentially the orthogonal polynomials: Hermite polynomials for the line and Laguerre and Legendre polynomials for the half-line and the line interval, respectively. Differential recurrence relations of orthogonal polynomials allow us to realize that they determine an infinite-dimensional irreducible representation of a non-compact Lie algebra, whose second order Casimir C gives rise to the second order differential equation that defines the corresponding family of orthogonal polynomials. Thus, the Weyl–Heisenberg algebra h(1) with C=0 for Hermite polynomials and su(1,1) with C=−1/4 for Laguerre and Legendre polynomials are obtained. Starting from the orthogonal polynomials the Lie algebra is extended both to the whole space of the L{sup 2} functions and to the corresponding Universal Enveloping Algebra and transformation group. Generalized coherent states from each vector in the space L{sup 2} and, in particular, generalized coherent polynomials are thus obtained. -- Highlights: •Fundamental characteristic of orthogonal polynomials (OP): existence of a Lie algebra. •Differential recurrence relations of OP determine a unitary representation of a non-compact Lie group. •2nd order Casimir originates a 2nd order differential equation that

  5. Estimation of the chemical rank for the three-way data: a principal norm vector orthogonal projection approach.

    PubMed

    Hong-Ping, Xie; Jian-Hui, Jiang; Guo-Li, Shen; Ru-Qin, Yu

    2002-01-01

    A new approach for estimating the chemical rank of the three-way array called the principal norm vector orthogonal projection method has been proposed. The method is based on the fact that the chemical rank of the three-way data array is equal to one of the column space of the unfolded matrix along the spectral or chromatographic mode. A vector with maximum Frobenius norm is selected among all the column vectors of the unfolded matrix as the principal norm vector (PNV). A transformation is conducted for the column vectors with an orthogonal projection matrix formulated by PNV. The mathematical rank of the column space of the residual matrix thus obtained should decrease by one. Such orthogonal projection is carried out repeatedly till the contribution of chemical species to the signal data is all deleted. At this time the decrease of the mathematical rank would equal that of the chemical rank, and the remaining residual subspace would entirely be due to the noise contribution. The chemical rank can be estimated easily by using an F-test. The method has been used successfully to the simulated HPLC-DAD type three-way data array and two real excitation-emission fluorescence data sets of amino acid mixtures and dye mixtures. The simulation with added relatively high level noise shows that the method is robust in resisting the heteroscedastic noise. The proposed algorithm is simple and easy to program with quite light computational burden.

  6. Method of orthogonally splitting imaging pose measurement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, Na; Sun, Changku; Wang, Peng; Yang, Qian; Liu, Xintong

    2018-01-01

    In order to meet the aviation's and machinery manufacturing's pose measurement need of high precision, fast speed and wide measurement range, and to resolve the contradiction between measurement range and resolution of vision sensor, this paper proposes an orthogonally splitting imaging pose measurement method. This paper designs and realizes an orthogonally splitting imaging vision sensor and establishes a pose measurement system. The vision sensor consists of one imaging lens, a beam splitter prism, cylindrical lenses and dual linear CCD. Dual linear CCD respectively acquire one dimensional image coordinate data of the target point, and two data can restore the two dimensional image coordinates of the target point. According to the characteristics of imaging system, this paper establishes the nonlinear distortion model to correct distortion. Based on cross ratio invariability, polynomial equation is established and solved by the least square fitting method. After completing distortion correction, this paper establishes the measurement mathematical model of vision sensor, and determines intrinsic parameters to calibrate. An array of feature points for calibration is built by placing a planar target in any different positions for a few times. An terative optimization method is presented to solve the parameters of model. The experimental results show that the field angle is 52 °, the focus distance is 27.40 mm, image resolution is 5185×5117 pixels, displacement measurement error is less than 0.1mm, and rotation angle measurement error is less than 0.15°. The method of orthogonally splitting imaging pose measurement can satisfy the pose measurement requirement of high precision, fast speed and wide measurement range.

  7. Optimization of segmented thermoelectric generator using Taguchi and ANOVA techniques.

    PubMed

    Kishore, Ravi Anant; Sanghadasa, Mohan; Priya, Shashank

    2017-12-01

    Recent studies have demonstrated that segmented thermoelectric generators (TEGs) can operate over large thermal gradient and thus provide better performance (reported efficiency up to 11%) as compared to traditional TEGs, comprising of single thermoelectric (TE) material. However, segmented TEGs are still in early stages of development due to the inherent complexity in their design optimization and manufacturability. In this study, we demonstrate physics based numerical techniques along with Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Taguchi optimization method for optimizing the performance of segmented TEGs. We have considered comprehensive set of design parameters, such as geometrical dimensions of p-n legs, height of segmentation, hot-side temperature, and load resistance, in order to optimize output power and efficiency of segmented TEGs. Using the state-of-the-art TE material properties and appropriate statistical tools, we provide near-optimum TEG configuration with only 25 experiments as compared to 3125 experiments needed by the conventional optimization methods. The effect of environmental factors on the optimization of segmented TEGs is also studied. Taguchi results are validated against the results obtained using traditional full factorial optimization technique and a TEG configuration for simultaneous optimization of power and efficiency is obtained.

  8. Determinants of aquaporin-4 assembly in orthogonal arrays revealed by live-cell single-molecule fluorescence imaging

    PubMed Central

    Crane, Jonathan M.; Verkman, Alan S.

    2009-01-01

    Summary We investigated the molecular determinants of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) assembly in orthogonal arrays of particles (OAPs) by visualizing fluorescently labeled AQP4 mutants in cell membranes using quantum-dot single-particle tracking and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The full-length `long' (M1) form of AQP4 diffused freely in membranes and did not form OAPs, whereas the `short' (M23) form of AQP4 formed OAPs and was nearly immobile. Analysis of AQP4 deletion mutants revealed progressive disruption of OAPs by the addition of three to seven residues at the AQP4-M23 N-terminus, with polyalanines as effective as native AQP4 fragments. OAPs disappeared upon downstream deletions of AQP4-M23, which, from analysis of point mutants, involves N-terminus interactions of residues Val24, Ala25 and Phe26. OAP formation was also prevented by introducing proline residues at sites just downstream from the hydrophobic N-terminus of AQP4-M23. AQP1, an AQP4 homolog that does not form OAPs, was induced to form OAPs upon replacement of its N-terminal domain with that of AQP4-M23. Our results indicate that OAP formation by AQP4-M23 is stabilized by hydrophobic intermolecular interactions involving N-terminus residues, and that absence of OAPs in AQP4-M1 results from non-selective blocking of this interaction by seven residues just upstream from Met23. PMID:19240114

  9. An Efficient Taguchi Approach for the Performance Optimization of Health, Safety, Environment and Ergonomics in Generation Companies

    PubMed Central

    Azadeh, Ali; Sheikhalishahi, Mohammad

    2014-01-01

    Background A unique framework for performance optimization of generation companies (GENCOs) based on health, safety, environment, and ergonomics (HSEE) indicators is presented. Methods To rank this sector of industry, the combination of data envelopment analysis (DEA), principal component analysis (PCA), and Taguchi are used for all branches of GENCOs. These methods are applied in an integrated manner to measure the performance of GENCO. The preferred model between DEA, PCA, and Taguchi is selected based on sensitivity analysis and maximum correlation between rankings. To achieve the stated objectives, noise is introduced into input data. Results The results show that Taguchi outperforms other methods. Moreover, a comprehensive experiment is carried out to identify the most influential factor for ranking GENCOs. Conclusion The approach developed in this study could be used for continuous assessment and improvement of GENCO's performance in supplying energy with respect to HSEE factors. The results of such studies would help managers to have better understanding of weak and strong points in terms of HSEE factors. PMID:26106505

  10. Optimization of porthole die geometrical variables by Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gagliardi, F.; Ciancio, C.; Ambrogio, G.; Filice, L.

    2017-10-01

    Porthole die extrusion is commonly used to manufacture hollow profiles made of lightweight alloys for numerous industrial applications. The reliability of extruded parts is affected strongly by the quality of the longitudinal and transversal seam welds. According to that, the die geometry must be designed correctly and the process parameters must be selected properly to achieve the desired product quality. In this study, numerical 3D simulations have been created and run to investigate the role of various geometrical variables on punch load and maximum pressure inside the welding chamber. These are important outputs to take into account affecting, respectively, the necessary capacity of the extrusion press and the quality of the welding lines. The Taguchi technique has been used to reduce the number of the required numerical simulations necessary for considering the influence of twelve different geometric variables. Moreover, the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been implemented to individually analyze the effect of each input parameter on the two responses. Then, the methodology has been utilized to determine the optimal process configuration individually optimizing the two investigated process outputs. Finally, the responses of the optimized parameters have been verified through finite element simulations approximating the predicted value closely. This study shows the feasibility of the Taguchi technique for predicting performance, optimization and therefore for improving the design of a porthole extrusion process.

  11. Taguchi optimization: Case study of gold recovery from amalgamation tailing by using froth flotation method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sudibyo, Aji, B. B.; Sumardi, S.; Mufakir, F. R.; Junaidi, A.; Nurjaman, F.; Karna, Aziza, Aulia

    2017-01-01

    Gold amalgamation process was widely used to treat gold ore. This process produces the tailing or amalgamation solid waste, which still contains gold at 8-9 ppm. Froth flotation is one of the promising methods to beneficiate gold from this tailing. However, this process requires optimal conditions which depends on the type of raw material. In this study, Taguchi method was used to optimize the optimum conditions of the froth flotation process. The Taguchi optimization shows that the gold recovery was strongly influenced by the particle size which is the best particle size at 150 mesh followed by the Potassium amyl xanthate concentration, pH and pine oil concentration at 1133.98, 4535.92 and 68.04 gr/ton amalgamation tailing, respectively.

  12. Manufacturing of a novel double-function ssDNA aptamer for sensitive diagnosis and efficient neutralization of SEA.

    PubMed

    Sedighian, Hamid; Halabian, Raheleh; Amani, Jafar; Heiat, Mohammad; Taheri, Ramezan Ali; Imani Fooladi, Abbas Ali

    2018-05-01

    Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is an enterotoxin produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus. In recent years, it has become the most prevalent compound for staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) around the world. In this study, we isolate new dual-function single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers by using some new methods, such as the Taguchi method, by focusing on the detection and neutralization of SEA enterotoxin in food and clinical samples. For the asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) optimization of each round of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), we use Taguchi L9 orthogonal arrays, and the aptamer mobility shift assay (AMSA) is used for initial evaluation of the protein-DNA interactions on the last SELEX round. In our investigation the dissociation constant (K D ) value and the limit of detection (LOD) of the candidate aptamer were found to be 8.5 ± 0.91 of nM and 5 ng/ml using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the current study, the Taguchi and mobility shift assay methods were innovatively harnessed to improve the selection process and evaluate the protein-aptamer interactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on employing these two methods in aptamer technology especially against bacterial toxin. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Dragon Ears airborne acoustic array: CSP analysis applied to cross array to compute real-time 2D acoustic sound field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cerwin, Steve; Barnes, Julie; Kell, Scott; Walters, Mark

    2003-09-01

    This paper describes development and application of a novel method to accomplish real-time solid angle acoustic direction finding using two 8-element orthogonal microphone arrays. The developed prototype system was intended for localization and signature recognition of ground-based sounds from a small UAV. Recent advances in computer speeds have enabled the implementation of microphone arrays in many audio applications. Still, the real-time presentation of a two-dimensional sound field for the purpose of audio target localization is computationally challenging. In order to overcome this challenge, a crosspower spectrum phase1 (CSP) technique was applied to each 8-element arm of a 16-element cross array to provide audio target localization. In this paper, we describe the technique and compare it with two other commonly used techniques; Cross-Spectral Matrix2 and MUSIC3. The results show that the CSP technique applied to two 8-element orthogonal arrays provides a computationally efficient solution with reasonable accuracy and tolerable artifacts, sufficient for real-time applications. Additional topics include development of a synchronized 16-channel transmitter and receiver to relay the airborne data to the ground-based processor and presentation of test data demonstrating both ground-mounted operation and airborne localization of ground-based gunshots and loud engine sounds.

  14. Simultaneous orthogonal plane imaging.

    PubMed

    Mickevicius, Nikolai J; Paulson, Eric S

    2017-11-01

    Intrafraction motion can result in a smearing of planned external beam radiation therapy dose distributions, resulting in an uncertainty in dose actually deposited in tissue. The purpose of this paper is to present a pulse sequence that is capable of imaging a moving target at a high frame rate in two orthogonal planes simultaneously for MR-guided radiotherapy. By balancing the zero gradient moment on all axes, slices in two orthogonal planes may be spatially encoded simultaneously. The orthogonal slice groups may be acquired with equal or nonequal echo times. A Cartesian spoiled gradient echo simultaneous orthogonal plane imaging (SOPI) sequence was tested in phantom and in vivo. Multiplexed SOPI acquisitions were performed in which two parallel slices were imaged along two orthogonal axes simultaneously. An autocalibrating phase-constrained 2D-SENSE-GRAPPA (generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition) algorithm was implemented to reconstruct the multiplexed data. SOPI images without intraslice motion artifacts were reconstructed at a maximum frame rate of 8.16 Hz. The 2D-SENSE-GRAPPA reconstruction separated the parallel slices aliased along each orthogonal axis. The high spatiotemporal resolution provided by SOPI has the potential to be beneficial for intrafraction motion management during MR-guided radiation therapy or other MRI-guided interventions. Magn Reson Med 78:1700-1710, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

  15. Experimental investigation and optimization of welding process parameters for various steel grades using NN tool and Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soni, Sourabh Kumar; Thomas, Benedict

    2018-04-01

    The term "weldability" has been used to describe a wide variety of characteristics when a material is subjected to welding. In our analysis we perform experimental investigation to estimate the tensile strength of welded joint strength and then optimization of welding process parameters by using taguchi method and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) tool in MINITAB and MATLAB software respectively. The study reveals the influence on weldability of steel by varying composition of steel by mechanical characterization. At first we prepare the samples of different grades of steel (EN8, EN 19, EN 24). The samples were welded together by metal inert gas welding process and then tensile testing on Universal testing machine (UTM) was conducted for the same to evaluate the tensile strength of the welded steel specimens. Further comparative study was performed to find the effects of welding parameter on quality of weld strength by employing Taguchi method and Neural Network tool. Finally we concluded that taguchi method and Neural Network Tool is much efficient technique for optimization.

  16. SVM-RFE based feature selection and Taguchi parameters optimization for multiclass SVM classifier.

    PubMed

    Huang, Mei-Ling; Hung, Yung-Hsiang; Lee, W M; Li, R K; Jiang, Bo-Ru

    2014-01-01

    Recently, support vector machine (SVM) has excellent performance on classification and prediction and is widely used on disease diagnosis or medical assistance. However, SVM only functions well on two-group classification problems. This study combines feature selection and SVM recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) to investigate the classification accuracy of multiclass problems for Dermatology and Zoo databases. Dermatology dataset contains 33 feature variables, 1 class variable, and 366 testing instances; and the Zoo dataset contains 16 feature variables, 1 class variable, and 101 testing instances. The feature variables in the two datasets were sorted in descending order by explanatory power, and different feature sets were selected by SVM-RFE to explore classification accuracy. Meanwhile, Taguchi method was jointly combined with SVM classifier in order to optimize parameters C and γ to increase classification accuracy for multiclass classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy can be more than 95% after SVM-RFE feature selection and Taguchi parameter optimization for Dermatology and Zoo databases.

  17. SVM-RFE Based Feature Selection and Taguchi Parameters Optimization for Multiclass SVM Classifier

    PubMed Central

    Huang, Mei-Ling; Hung, Yung-Hsiang; Lee, W. M.; Li, R. K.; Jiang, Bo-Ru

    2014-01-01

    Recently, support vector machine (SVM) has excellent performance on classification and prediction and is widely used on disease diagnosis or medical assistance. However, SVM only functions well on two-group classification problems. This study combines feature selection and SVM recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) to investigate the classification accuracy of multiclass problems for Dermatology and Zoo databases. Dermatology dataset contains 33 feature variables, 1 class variable, and 366 testing instances; and the Zoo dataset contains 16 feature variables, 1 class variable, and 101 testing instances. The feature variables in the two datasets were sorted in descending order by explanatory power, and different feature sets were selected by SVM-RFE to explore classification accuracy. Meanwhile, Taguchi method was jointly combined with SVM classifier in order to optimize parameters C and γ to increase classification accuracy for multiclass classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy can be more than 95% after SVM-RFE feature selection and Taguchi parameter optimization for Dermatology and Zoo databases. PMID:25295306

  18. Bacterial Secretome Analysis in Hunt for Novel Bacteriocins with Ability to Control Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri

    PubMed Central

    Gholami, Dariush; Goodarzi, Tannaz; Aminzadeh, Saeed; Alavi, Seyed Mehdi; Kazemipour, Nasrin; Farrokhi, Naser

    2015-01-01

    Background Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causative agent of bacterial citrus canker, has affected citriculture worldwide. Varieties of means have been used to minimize its devastating effects, but no attention has been given to bacteriocins. Objectives Here and for the first time, we report the isolation and characterization of two novel bacteriocins. Materials and Methods Secretome containing bacteriocins of isolated bacteria was separated via SDS-PAGE. Each isolated protein band was characterized and checked for its efficacy in controlling two pathogenic isolates of Xcc via disk diffusion assay. The effects of varieties of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources were evaluated on both bacterial growth and bacteriocin production via Taguchi orthogonal method. Results The two bacteriocins showed an activity up to 55ºC that were sensitive to proteases suggesting being protein in nature. Analysis of SDS-PAGE purified protein bands of bacterial secretomes with demonstrated potency against Xcc revealed the presence of peptides with relative molecular masses of 16.9 and 17 kDa for Cronobacter and Enterobacter, respectively. Sequence analysis of peptides revealed an HCP1 family VI secretion system homologue for Cronobacter (YP_001439956) and pilin FimA homologue for Enterobacter (CBK85798.1). A Taguchi orthogonal array was also implemented to determine the effect of temperature and eight other chemical factors on bacteriocin production for each bacterium. Conclusions Two peptides with novel antibacterial activities effective against Xcc were isolated, characterized and conditions were optimized for their higher production. PMID:28959294

  19. Application of Taguchi optimisation of electro metal - electro winning (EMEW) for nickel metal from laterite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sudibyo, Hermida, L.; Junaedi, A.; Putra, F. A.

    2017-11-01

    Nickel and cobalt metal able to process from low grade laterite using solvent extraction and electrowinning. One of electrowinning methods which has good performance to produce pure metal is electrometal-electrowinninge(EMEW). In this work, solventextraction was used to separate nickel and cobalt which useCyanex-Versatic Acid in toluene as an organic phase. An aqueous phase of extraction was processed using EMEW in order to deposit the nickel metal in Cathode electrode. The parameters which used in this work were batch temperature, operation time, voltage, and boric acid concentration. Those parameters were studied and optimized using the design of experiment of Taguchi. The Taguchi analysis result shows that the optimum result of EMEW was at 60°C of batch temperature, 2 Voltage, 6 hours operation and 0.5 M of boric acid.

  20. Orthogonal transform feasibility study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Robinson, G. S.

    1971-01-01

    The application of various orthogonal transformations to communication was investigated, with particular emphasis placed on speech and visual signal processing. The fundamentals of the one- and two-dimensional orthogonal transforms and their application to speech and visual signals are treated in detail.

  1. Modelling the Cast Component Weight in Hot Chamber Die Casting using Combined Taguchi and Buckingham's π Approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Rupinder

    2018-02-01

    Hot chamber (HC) die casting process is one of the most widely used commercial processes for the casting of low temperature metals and alloys. This process gives near-net shape product with high dimensional accuracy. However in actual field environment the best settings of input parameters is often conflicting as the shape and size of the casting changes and one have to trade off among various output parameters like hardness, dimensional accuracy, casting defects, microstructure etc. So for online inspection of the cast components properties (without affecting the production line) the weight measurement has been established as one of the cost effective method (as the difference in weight of sound and unsound casting reflects the possible casting defects) in field environment. In the present work at first stage the effect of three input process parameters (namely: pressure at 2nd phase in HC die casting; metal pouring temperature and die opening time) has been studied for optimizing the cast component weight `W' as output parameter in form of macro model based upon Taguchi L9 OA. After this Buckingham's π approach has been applied on Taguchi based macro model for the development of micro model. This study highlights the Taguchi-Buckingham based combined approach as a case study (for conversion of macro model into micro model) by identification of optimum levels of input parameters (based on Taguchi approach) and development of mathematical model (based on Buckingham's π approach). Finally developed mathematical model can be used for predicting W in HC die casting process with more flexibility. The results of study highlights second degree polynomial equation for predicting cast component weight in HC die casting and suggest that pressure at 2nd stage is one of the most contributing factors for controlling the casting defect/weight of casting.

  2. A Comparative Analysis of Taguchi Methodology and Shainin System DoE in the Optimization of Injection Molding Process Parameters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khavekar, Rajendra; Vasudevan, Hari, Dr.; Modi, Bhavik

    2017-08-01

    Two well-known Design of Experiments (DoE) methodologies, such as Taguchi Methods (TM) and Shainin Systems (SS) are compared and analyzed in this study through their implementation in a plastic injection molding unit. Experiments were performed at a perfume bottle cap manufacturing company (made by acrylic material) using TM and SS to find out the root cause of defects and to optimize the process parameters for minimum rejection. Experiments obtained the rejection rate to be 8.57% from 40% (appx.) during trial runs, which is quiet low, representing successful implementation of these DoE methods. The comparison showed that both methodologies gave same set of variables as critical for defect reduction, but with change in their significance order. Also, Taguchi methods require more number of experiments and consume more time compared to the Shainin System. Shainin system is less complicated and is easy to implement, whereas Taguchi methods is statistically more reliable for optimization of process parameters. Finally, experimentations implied that DoE methods are strong and reliable in implementation, as organizations attempt to improve the quality through optimization.

  3. A feasibility investigation for modeling and optimization of temperature in bone drilling using fuzzy logic and Taguchi optimization methodology.

    PubMed

    Pandey, Rupesh Kumar; Panda, Sudhansu Sekhar

    2014-11-01

    Drilling of bone is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery to produce hole for screw insertion to fixate the fracture devices and implants. The increase in temperature during such a procedure increases the chances of thermal invasion of bone which can cause thermal osteonecrosis resulting in the increase of healing time or reduction in the stability and strength of the fixation. Therefore, drilling of bone with minimum temperature is a major challenge for orthopedic fracture treatment. This investigation discusses the use of fuzzy logic and Taguchi methodology for predicting and minimizing the temperature produced during bone drilling. The drilling experiments have been conducted on bovine bone using Taguchi's L25 experimental design. A fuzzy model is developed for predicting the temperature during orthopedic drilling as a function of the drilling process parameters (point angle, helix angle, feed rate and cutting speed). Optimum bone drilling process parameters for minimizing the temperature are determined using Taguchi method. The effect of individual cutting parameters on the temperature produced is evaluated using analysis of variance. The fuzzy model using triangular and trapezoidal membership predicts the temperature within a maximum error of ±7%. Taguchi analysis of the obtained results determined the optimal drilling conditions for minimizing the temperature as A3B5C1.The developed system will simplify the tedious task of modeling and determination of the optimal process parameters to minimize the bone drilling temperature. It will reduce the risk of thermal osteonecrosis and can be very effective for the online condition monitoring of the process. © IMechE 2014.

  4. The parameters effect on the structural performance of damaged steel box beam using Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    El-taly, Boshra A.; Abd El Hameed, Mohamed F.

    2018-03-01

    In the current study, the influence of notch or opening parameters and the positions of the applied load on the structural performance of steel box beams up to failure was investigated using Finite Element analysis program, ANSYS. The Taguchi-based design of experiments technique was used to plan the current study. The plan included 12 box steel beams; three intact beams, and nine damaged beams (with opening) in the beams web. The numerical studies were conducted under varying the spacing between the two concentrated point loads (location of applied loads), the notch (opening) position, and the ratio between depth and width of the notch with a constant notch area. According to Taguchi analysis, factor X (location of the applied loads) was found the highest contributing parameters for the variation of the ultimate load, vertical deformation, shear stresses, and the compressive normal stresses.

  5. Optimization of radial-type superconducting magnetic bearing using the Taguchi method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ai, Liwang; Zhang, Guomin; Li, Wanjie; Liu, Guole; Liu, Qi

    2018-07-01

    It is important and complicated to model and optimize the levitation behavior of superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB). That is due to the nonlinear constitutive relationships of superconductor and ferromagnetic materials, the relative movement between the superconducting stator and PM rotor, and the multi-parameter (e.g., air-gap, critical current density, and remanent flux density, etc.) affecting the levitation behavior. In this paper, we present a theoretical calculation and optimization method of the levitation behavior for radial-type SMB. A simplified model of levitation force calculation is established using 2D finite element method with H-formulation. In the model, the boundary condition of superconducting stator is imposed by harmonic series expressions to describe the traveling magnetic field generated by the moving PM rotor. Also, experimental measurements of the levitation force are performed and validate the model method. A statistical method called Taguchi method is adopted to carry out an optimization of load capacity for SMB. Then the factor effects of six optimization parameters on the target characteristics are discussed and the optimum parameters combination is determined finally. The results show that the levitation behavior of SMB is greatly improved and the Taguchi method is suitable for optimizing the SMB.

  6. Optimization of bone drilling parameters using Taguchi method based on finite element analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rosidi, Ayip; Lenggo Ginta, Turnad; Rani, Ahmad Majdi Bin Abdul

    2017-05-01

    Thermal necrosis results fracture problems and implant failure if temperature exceeds 47 °C for one minute during bone drilling. To solve this problem, this work studied a new thermal model by using three drilling parameters: drill diameter, feed rate and spindle speed. Effects of those parameters to heat generation were studied. The drill diameters were 4 mm, 6 mm and 6 mm; the feed rates were 80 mm/min, 100 mm/min and 120 mm/min whereas the spindle speeds were 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm then an optimization was done by Taguchi method to which combination parameter can be used to prevent thermal necrosis during bone drilling. The results showed that all the combination of parameters produce confidence results which were below 47 °C and finite element analysis combined with Taguchi method can be used for predicting temperature generation and optimizing bone drilling parameters prior to clinical bone drilling. All of the combination parameters can be used for surgeon to achieve sustainable orthopaedic surgery.

  7. Investigating the effects of PDC cutters geometry on ROP using the Taguchi technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jamaludin, A. A.; Mehat, N. M.; Kamaruddin, S.

    2017-10-01

    At times, the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit’s performance dropped and affects the rate of penetration (ROP). The objective of this project is to investigate the effect of PDC cutter geometry and optimize them. An intensive study in cutter geometry would further enhance the ROP performance. The relatively extended analysis was carried out and four significant geometry factors have been identified that directly improved the ROP. Cutter size, back rake angle, side rake angle and chamfer angle are the stated geometry factors. An appropriate optimization technique that effectively controls all influential geometry factors during cutters manufacturing is introduced and adopted in this project. By adopting L9 Taguchi OA, simulation experiment is conducted by using explicit dynamics finite element analysis. Through a structure Taguchi analysis, ANOVA confirms that the most significant geometry to improve ROP is cutter size (99.16% percentage contribution). The optimized cutter is expected to drill with high ROP that can reduce the rig time, which in its turn, may reduce the total drilling cost.

  8. Compact orthogonal NMR field sensor

    DOEpatents

    Gerald, II, Rex E.; Rathke, Jerome W [Homer Glen, IL

    2009-02-03

    A Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor for emitting two orthogonal electro-magnetic fields in a common space. More particularly, a replacement inductor for existing NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) sensors to allow for NMR imaging. The Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor has a conductive coil and a central conductor electrically connected in series. The central conductor is at least partially surrounded by the coil. The coil and central conductor are electrically or electro-magnetically connected to a device having a means for producing or inducing a current through the coil and central conductor. The Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor can be used in NMR imaging applications to determine the position and the associated NMR spectrum of a sample within the electro-magnetic field of the central conductor.

  9. Roll forming of eco-friendly stud

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Keum, Y. T.; Lee, S. Y.; Lee, T. H.; Sim, J. K.

    2013-12-01

    In order to manufacture an eco-friendly stud, the sheared pattern is designed by the Taguchi method and expanded by the side rolls. The seven geometrical shape of sheared pattern are considered in the structural and thermal analyses to select the best functional one in terms of the durability and fire resistance of dry wall. For optimizing the size of the sheared pattern chosen, the L9 orthogonal array and smaller-the-better characteristics of the Taguchi method are used. As the roll gap causes forming defects when the upper-and-lower roll type is adopted for expanding the sheared pattern, the side roll type is introduced. The stress and strain distributions obtained by the FEM simulation of roll-forming processes are utilized for the design of expanding process. The expanding process by side rolls shortens the length of expanding process and minimizes the cost of dies. Furthermore, the stud manufactured by expanding the sheared pattern of the web is an eco-friend because of the scrapless roll-forming process. In addition, compared to the conventionally roll-formed stud, the material cost is lessened about 13.6% and the weight is lightened about 15.5%.

  10. Optimization of Biosorptive Removal of Dye from Aqueous System by Cone Shell of Calabrian Pine

    PubMed Central

    Deniz, Fatih

    2014-01-01

    The biosorption performance of raw cone shell of Calabrian pine for C.I. Basic Red 46 as a model azo dye from aqueous system was optimized using Taguchi experimental design methodology. L9 (33) orthogonal array was used to optimize the dye biosorption by the pine cone shell. The selected factors and their levels were biosorbent particle size, dye concentration, and contact time. The predicted dye biosorption capacity for the pine cone shell from Taguchi design was obtained as 71.770 mg g−1 under optimized biosorption conditions. This experimental design provided reasonable predictive performance of dye biosorption by the biosorbent (R 2: 0.9961). Langmuir model fitted better to the biosorption equilibrium data than Freundlich model. This displayed the monolayer coverage of dye molecules on the biosorbent surface. Dubinin-Radushkevich model and the standard Gibbs free energy change proposed physical biosorption for predominant mechanism. The logistic function presented the best fit to the data of biosorption kinetics. The kinetic parameters reflecting biosorption performance were also evaluated. The optimization study revealed that the pine cone shell can be an effective and economically feasible biosorbent for the removal of dye. PMID:25405213

  11. A Direction of Arrival Estimation Algorithm Based on Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tang, Junyao; Cao, Fei; Liu, Lipeng

    2018-02-01

    The results show that the modified DSM is able to predict local buckling capacity of hot-rolled RHS and SHS accurately. In order to solve the problem of the weak ability of anti-radiation missile against active decoy in modern electronic warfare, a direction of arrival estimation algorithm based on orthogonal matching pursuit is proposed in this paper. The algorithm adopts the compression sensing technology. This paper uses array antennas to receive signals, gets the sparse representation of signals, and then designs the corresponding perception matrix. The signal is reconstructed by orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to estimate the optimal solution. At the same time, the error of the whole measurement system is analyzed and simulated, and the validity of this algorithm is verified. The algorithm greatly reduces the measurement time, the quantity of equipment and the total amount of the calculation, and accurately estimates the angle and strength of the incoming signal. This technology can effectively improve the angle resolution of the missile, which is of reference significance to the research of anti-active decoy.

  12. Multiresponse Optimization of Process Parameters in Turning of GFRP Using TOPSIS Method

    PubMed Central

    Parida, Arun Kumar; Routara, Bharat Chandra

    2014-01-01

    Taguchi's design of experiment is utilized to optimize the process parameters in turning operation with dry environment. Three parameters, cutting speed (v), feed (f), and depth of cut (d), with three different levels are taken for the responses like material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (R a). The machining is conducted with Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, and based on the S/N analysis, the optimal process parameters for surface roughness and MRR are calculated separately. Considering the larger-the-better approach, optimal process parameters for material removal rate are cutting speed at level 3, feed at level 2, and depth of cut at level 3, that is, v 3-f 2-d 3. Similarly for surface roughness, considering smaller-the-better approach, the optimal process parameters are cutting speed at level 1, feed at level 1, and depth of cut at level 3, that is, v 1-f 1-d 3. Results of the main effects plot indicate that depth of cut is the most influencing parameter for MRR but cutting speed is the most influencing parameter for surface roughness and feed is found to be the least influencing parameter for both the responses. The confirmation test is conducted for both MRR and surface roughness separately. Finally, an attempt has been made to optimize the multiresponses using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) with Taguchi approach. PMID:27437503

  13. Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes survival in ice cream mixes flavored with herbal tea using Taguchi method.

    PubMed

    Ozturk, Ismet; Golec, Adem; Karaman, Safa; Sagdic, Osman; Kayacier, Ahmed

    2010-10-01

    In this study, the effects of the incorporation of some herbal teas at different concentrations into the ice cream mix on the population of Listeria monocytogenes were studied using Taguchi method. The ice cream mix samples flavored with herbal teas were prepared using green tea and sage at different concentrations. Afterward, fresh culture of L. monocytogenes was inoculated into the samples and the L. monocytogenes was counted at different storage periods. Taguchi method was used for experimental design and analysis. In addition, some physicochemical properties of samples were examined. Results suggested that there was some effect, although little, on the population of L. monocytogenes when herbal tea was incorporated into the ice cream mix. Additionally, the use of herbal tea caused a decrease in the pH values of the samples and significant changes in the color values.

  14. Multicarrier orthogonal spread-spectrum (MOSS) data communications

    DOEpatents

    Smith, Stephen F [London, TN; Dress, William B [Camas, WA

    2008-01-01

    Systems and methods are described for multicarrier orthogonal spread-spectrum (MOSS) data communication. A method includes individually spread-spectrum modulating at least two of a set of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed carriers, wherein the resulting individually spread-spectrum modulated at least two of a set of orthogonal frequency division multiplexed carriers are substantially mutually orthogonal with respect to both frequency division multiplexing and spread-spectrum modulation.

  15. Equivalences of the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Odake, Satoru

    2014-01-15

    Multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials describe eigenfunctions of exactly solvable shape-invariant quantum mechanical systems in one dimension obtained by the method of virtual states deletion. Multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials are labeled by a set of degrees of polynomial parts of virtual state wavefunctions. For multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials of Laguerre, Jacobi, Wilson, and Askey-Wilson types, two different index sets may give equivalent multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials. We clarify these equivalences. Multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials with both type I and II indices are proportional to those of type I indices only (or type II indices only) with shifted parameters.

  16. Parameter Design in Fusion Welding of AA 6061 Aluminium Alloy using Desirability Grey Relational Analysis (DGRA) Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adalarasan, R.; Santhanakumar, M.

    2015-01-01

    In the present work, yield strength, ultimate strength and micro-hardness of the lap joints formed with Al 6061 alloy sheets by using the processes of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding were studied for various combinations of the welding parameters. The parameters taken for study include welding current, voltage, welding speed and inert gas flow rate. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was used to conduct the experiments and an integrated technique of desirability grey relational analysis was disclosed for optimizing the welding parameters. The ignored robustness in desirability approach is compensated by the grey relational approach to predict the optimal setting of input parameters for the TIG and MIG welding processes which were validated through the confirmation experiments.

  17. Orthogonal Chirp-Based Ultrasonic Positioning

    PubMed Central

    Khyam, Mohammad Omar; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Li, Xinde; Pickering, Mark

    2017-01-01

    This paper presents a chirp based ultrasonic positioning system (UPS) using orthogonal chirp waveforms. In the proposed method, multiple transmitters can simultaneously transmit chirp signals, as a result, it can efficiently utilize the entire available frequency spectrum. The fundamental idea behind the proposed multiple access scheme is to utilize the oversampling methodology of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and orthogonality of the discrete frequency components of a chirp waveform. In addition, the proposed orthogonal chirp waveforms also have all the advantages of a classical chirp waveform. Firstly, the performance of the waveforms is investigated through correlation analysis and then, in an indoor environment, evaluated through simulations and experiments for ultrasonic (US) positioning. For an operational range of approximately 1000 mm, the positioning root-mean-square-errors (RMSEs) &90% error were 4.54 mm and 6.68 mm respectively. PMID:28448454

  18. Orthogonal Chirp-Based Ultrasonic Positioning.

    PubMed

    Khyam, Mohammad Omar; Ge, Shuzhi Sam; Li, Xinde; Pickering, Mark

    2017-04-27

    This paper presents a chirp based ultrasonic positioning system (UPS) using orthogonal chirp waveforms. In the proposed method, multiple transmitters can simultaneously transmit chirp signals, as a result, it can efficiently utilize the entire available frequency spectrum. The fundamental idea behind the proposed multiple access scheme is to utilize the oversampling methodology of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and orthogonality of the discrete frequency components of a chirp waveform. In addition, the proposed orthogonal chirp waveforms also have all the advantages of a classical chirp waveform. Firstly, the performance of the waveforms is investigated through correlation analysis and then, in an indoor environment, evaluated through simulations and experiments for ultrasonic (US) positioning. For an operational range of approximately 1000 mm, the positioning root-mean-square-errors (RMSEs) &90% error were 4.54 mm and 6.68 mm respectively.

  19. The Coordinate Orthogonality Check (corthog)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Avitabile, P.; Pechinsky, F.

    1998-05-01

    A new technique referred to as the coordinate orthogonality check (CORTHOG) helps to identify how each physical degree of freedom contributes to the overall orthogonality relationship between analytical and experimental modal vectors on a mass-weighted basis. Using the CORTHOG technique together with the pseudo-orthogonality check (POC) clarifies where potential discrepancies exist between the analytical and experimental modal vectors. CORTHOG improves the understanding of the correlation (or lack of correlation) that exists between modal vectors. The CORTHOG theory is presented along with the evaluation of several cases to show the use of the technique.

  20. Study of Dimple Effect on the Friction Characteristics of a Journal Bearing using Taguchi Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murthy, A. Amar; Raghunandana, Dr.

    2018-02-01

    The effect of producing dimples using chemically etched techniques or by machining process on the surface of a journal bearing bushing to reduce the friction using Taguchi method is investigated. The data used in the present analysis is based on the results obtained by the series of experiments conducted to study the dimples effect on the Stribeck curve. It is statistically proved that producing dimples on the bushing surface of a journal bearing has significant effect on the friction coefficient when used with light oils. Also it is seen that there is an interaction effect between speeds-load and load-dimples. Hence the interaction effect, which are usually neglected should be considered during actual experiments that significantly contributes in reducing the friction in mixed lubrication regime. The experiments, if were conducted after Taguchi method, then the number of experiments would have been reduced to half of the actual set of experiments that were essentially conducted.

  1. Advances in Mixed Signal Processing for Regional and Teleseismic Arrays

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-08-15

    1: Mixture of signals from two earthquakes from south of Africa and the Philippines observed at USAEDS long-period seismic array in Korea. Correct...window where the detector will miss valid signals . 2 Approaches to detecting signals on arrays all focus on the basic model that expresses the observed...possible use in detecting infrasound signals . The approach is based on orthogonal- ity properties of the eigen vectors of the spectral matrix under a

  2. Methods for the Precise Locating and Forming of Arrays of Curved Features into a Workpiece

    DOEpatents

    Gill, David Dennis; Keeler, Gordon A.; Serkland, Darwin K.; Mukherjee, Sayan D.

    2008-10-14

    Methods for manufacturing high precision arrays of curved features (e.g. lenses) in the surface of a workpiece are described utilizing orthogonal sets of inter-fitting locating grooves to mate a workpiece to a workpiece holder mounted to the spindle face of a rotating machine tool. The matching inter-fitting groove sets in the workpiece and the chuck allow precisely and non-kinematically indexing the workpiece to locations defined in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the turning axis of the machine tool. At each location on the workpiece a curved feature can then be on-center machined to create arrays of curved features on the workpiece. The averaging effect of the corresponding sets of inter-fitting grooves provide for precise repeatability in determining, the relative locations of the centers of each of the curved features in an array of curved features.

  3. Taguchi experimental design to determine the taste quality characteristic of candied carrot

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ekawati, Y.; Hapsari, A. A.

    2018-03-01

    Robust parameter design is used to design product that is robust to noise factors so the product’s performance fits the target and delivers a better quality. In the process of designing and developing the innovative product of candied carrot, robust parameter design is carried out using Taguchi Method. The method is used to determine an optimal quality design. The optimal quality design is based on the process and the composition of product ingredients that are in accordance with consumer needs and requirements. According to the identification of consumer needs from the previous research, quality dimensions that need to be assessed are the taste and texture of the product. The quality dimension assessed in this research is limited to the taste dimension. Organoleptic testing is used for this assessment, specifically hedonic testing that makes assessment based on consumer preferences. The data processing uses mean and signal to noise ratio calculation and optimal level setting to determine the optimal process/composition of product ingredients. The optimal value is analyzed using confirmation experiments to prove that proposed product match consumer needs and requirements. The result of this research is identification of factors that affect the product taste and the optimal quality of product according to Taguchi Method.

  4. Assessment of strobilurin fungicides' content in soya-based drinks by liquid micro-extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Campillo, Natalia; Iniesta, María Jesús; Viñas, Pilar; Hernández-Córdoba, Manuel

    2015-01-01

    Seven strobilurin fungicides were pre-concentrated from soya-based drinks using dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) with a prior protein precipitation step in acid medium. The enriched phase was analysed by liquid chromatography (LC) with dual detection, using diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS/MS). After selecting 1-undecanol and methanol as the extractant and disperser solvents, respectively, for DLLME, the Taguchi experimental method, an orthogonal array design, was applied to select the optimal solvent volumes and salt concentration in the aqueous phase. The matrix effect was evaluated and quantification was carried out using external aqueous calibration for DAD and matrix-matched calibration method for MS/MS. Detection limits in the 4-130 and 0.8-4.5 ng g(-1) ranges were obtained for DAD and MS/MS, respectively. The DLLME-LC-DAD-MS method was applied to the analysis of 10 different samples, none of which was found to contain residues of the studied fungicides.

  5. [Orthogonal Vector Projection Algorithm for Spectral Unmixing].

    PubMed

    Song, Mei-ping; Xu, Xing-wei; Chang, Chein-I; An, Ju-bai; Yao, Li

    2015-12-01

    Spectrum unmixing is an important part of hyperspectral technologies, which is essential for material quantity analysis in hyperspectral imagery. Most linear unmixing algorithms require computations of matrix multiplication and matrix inversion or matrix determination. These are difficult for programming, especially hard for realization on hardware. At the same time, the computation costs of the algorithms increase significantly as the number of endmembers grows. Here, based on the traditional algorithm Orthogonal Subspace Projection, a new method called. Orthogonal Vector Projection is prompted using orthogonal principle. It simplifies this process by avoiding matrix multiplication and inversion. It firstly computes the final orthogonal vector via Gram-Schmidt process for each endmember spectrum. And then, these orthogonal vectors are used as projection vector for the pixel signature. The unconstrained abundance can be obtained directly by projecting the signature to the projection vectors, and computing the ratio of projected vector length and orthogonal vector length. Compared to the Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Least Squares Error algorithms, this method does not need matrix inversion, which is much computation costing and hard to implement on hardware. It just completes the orthogonalization process by repeated vector operations, easy for application on both parallel computation and hardware. The reasonability of the algorithm is proved by its relationship with Orthogonal Sub-space Projection and Least Squares Error algorithms. And its computational complexity is also compared with the other two algorithms', which is the lowest one. At last, the experimental results on synthetic image and real image are also provided, giving another evidence for effectiveness of the method.

  6. Anomalous complete opaqueness in a sparse array of gold nanoparticle chains

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bai Benfeng; Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084; Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu

    2011-08-22

    We report on an anomalous polarization-switching extinction effect in a sparse array of gold nanoparticle chains: under normal incidence of light, the array is almost transparent for one polarization; whereas it is fully opaque (with nearly zero transmittance) for the orthogonal polarization within a narrow band, even though the nanoparticles cover only a tiny fraction (say, 3.5%) of the transparent substrate surface. We reveal that the strong polarization-dependent short-range dipolar coupling and long-range radiative coupling of gold nanoparticles in this highly asymmetric array is responsible for this extraordinary effect.

  7. Chemical and biological assessment of Angelicae Sinensis Radix after processing with wine: an orthogonal array design to reveal the optimized conditions.

    PubMed

    Zhan, Janis Y X; Zheng, Ken Y Z; Zhu, Kevin Y; Bi, Cathy W C; Zhang, Wendy L; Du, Crystal Y Q; Fu, Qiang; Dong, Tina T X; Choi, Roy C Y; Tsim, Karl W K; Lau, David T W

    2011-06-08

    The roots of Angelica sinensis [Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR)] have been used as a common health food supplement for women's care for thousands of years in China. According to Asian tradition, ASR could be processed with the treatment of wine, which subsequently promoted the biological functions of ASR. By chemical and biological assessments, an orthogonal array design was employed here to determine the roles of three variable parameters in the processing of ASR, including oven temperature, baking time, and flipping frequency. The results suggested that oven temperature and baking time were two significant factors, while flipping frequency was a subordinate factor. The optimized condition of processing with wine therefore was considered to be heating in an oven at 80 °C for 90 min with flipping twice per hour. Under the optimized processing conditions, the solubilities of ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide from ASR were markedly increased and decreased, respectively. In parallel, the biological functions of processed ASR were enhanced in both anti-platelet aggregation and estrogenic activation; these increased functions could be a result of the altered levels of ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide in wine-processed ASR. Thus, the chemical and biological assessment of the processed ASR was in full accordance with the Chinese old tradition.

  8. Determinants with orthogonal polynomial entries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ismail, Mourad E. H.

    2005-06-01

    We use moment representations of orthogonal polynomials to evaluate the corresponding Hankel determinants formed by the orthogonal polynomials. We also study the Hankel determinants which start with pn on the top left-hand corner. As examples we evaluate the Hankel determinants whose entries are q-ultraspherical or Al-Salam-Chihara polynomials.

  9. Dual polarized receiving steering antenna array for measurement of ultrawideband pulse polarization structure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Balzovsky, E. V.; Buyanov, Yu. I.; Koshelev, V. I., E-mail: koshelev@lhfe.hcei.tsc.ru

    To measure simultaneously two orthogonal components of the electromagnetic field of nano- and subnano-second duration, an antenna array has been developed. The antenna elements of the array are the crossed dipoles of dimension 5 × 5 cm. The arms of the dipoles are connected to the active four-pole devices to compensate the frequency response variations of a short dipole in the frequency band ranging from 0.4 to 4 GHz. The dipoles have superimposed phase centers allowing measuring the polarization structure of the field in different directions. The developed antenna array is the linear one containing four elements. The pattern maximummore » position is controlled by means of the switched ultrawideband true time delay lines. Discrete steering in seven directions in the range from −40° to +40° has been realized. The error at setting the pattern maximum position is less than 4°. The isolation of the polarization exceeds 29 dB in the direction orthogonal to the array axis and in the whole steering range it exceeds 23 dB. Measurement results of the polarization structure of radiated and scattered pulses with different polarization are presented as well.« less

  10. Si Wire-Array Solar Cells

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boettcher, Shannon

    2010-03-01

    Micron-scale Si wire arrays are three-dimensional photovoltaic absorbers that enable orthogonalization of light absorption and carrier collection and hence allow for the utilization of relatively impure Si in efficient solar cell designs. The wire arrays are grown by a vapor-liquid-solid-catalyzed process on a crystalline (111) Si wafer lithographically patterned with an array of metal catalyst particles. Following growth, such arrays can be embedded in polymethyldisiloxane (PDMS) and then peeled from the template growth substrate. The result is an unusual photovoltaic material: a flexible, bendable, wafer-thickness crystalline Si absorber. In this paper I will describe: 1. the growth of high-quality Si wires with controllable doping and the evaluation of their photovoltaic energy-conversion performance using a test electrolyte that forms a rectifying conformal semiconductor-liquid contact 2. the observation of enhanced absorption in wire arrays exceeding the conventional light trapping limits for planar Si cells of equivalent material thickness and 3. single-wire and large-area solid-state Si wire-array solar cell results obtained to date with directions for future cell designs based on optical and device physics. In collaboration with Michael Kelzenberg, Morgan Putnam, Joshua Spurgeon, Daniel Turner-Evans, Emily Warren, Nathan Lewis, and Harry Atwater, California Institute of Technology.

  11. Optimization of Robotic Spray Painting process Parameters using Taguchi Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chidhambara, K. V.; Latha Shankar, B.; Vijaykumar

    2018-02-01

    Automated spray painting process is gaining interest in industry and research recently due to extensive application of spray painting in automobile industries. Automating spray painting process has advantages of improved quality, productivity, reduced labor, clean environment and particularly cost effectiveness. This study investigates the performance characteristics of an industrial robot Fanuc 250ib for an automated painting process using statistical tool Taguchi’s Design of Experiment technique. The experiment is designed using Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array by considering three factors and five levels for each factor. The objective of this work is to explore the major control parameters and to optimize the same for the improved quality of the paint coating measured in terms of Dry Film thickness(DFT), which also results in reduced rejection. Further Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is performed to know the influence of individual factors on DFT. It is observed that shaping air and paint flow are the most influencing parameters. Multiple regression model is formulated for estimating predicted values of DFT. Confirmation test is then conducted and comparison results show that error is within acceptable level.

  12. Influence of process parameters on the content of biomimetic calcium phosphate coating on titanium: a Taguchi analysis.

    PubMed

    Thammarakcharoen, Faungchat; Suvannapruk, Waraporn; Suwanprateeb, Jintamai

    2014-10-01

    In this study, a statistical design of experimental methodology based on Taguchi orthogonal design has been used to study the effect of various processing parameters on the amount of calcium phosphate coating produced by such technique. Seven control factors with three levels each including sodium hydroxide concentration, pretreatment temperature, pretreatment time, cleaning method, coating time, coating temperature and surface area to solution volume ratio were studied. X-ray diffraction revealed that all the coatings consisted of the mixture of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) and the presence of each phase depended on the process conditions used. Various content and size (-1-100 μm) of isolated spheroid particles with nanosized plate-like morphology deposited on the titanium surface or a continuous layer of plate-like nanocrystals having the plate thickness in the range of -100-300 nm and the plate width in the range of 3-8 μm were formed depending on the process conditions employed. The optimum condition of using sodium hydroxide concentration of 1 M, pretreatment temperature of 70 degrees C, pretreatment time of 24 h, cleaning by ultrasonic, coating time of 6 h, coating temperature of 50 degrees C and surface area to solution volume ratio of 32.74 for producing the greatest amount of the coating formed on the titanium surface was predicted and validated. In addition, coating temperature was found to be the dominant factor with the greatest contribution to the coating formation while coating time and cleaning method were significant factors. Other factors had negligible effects on the coating performance.

  13. Using Quality Management Methods in Knowledge-Based Organizations. An Approach to the Application of the Taguchi Method to the Process of Pressing Tappets into Anchors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ţîţu, M. A.; Pop, A. B.; Ţîţu, Ș

    2017-06-01

    This paper presents a study on the modelling and optimization of certain variables by using the Taguchi Method with a view to modelling and optimizing the process of pressing tappets into anchors, process conducted in an organization that promotes knowledge-based management. The paper promotes practical concepts of the Taguchi Method and describes the way in which the objective functions are obtained and used during the modelling and optimization of the process of pressing tappets into the anchors.

  14. Gaussian quadrature for multiple orthogonal polynomials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Coussement, Jonathan; van Assche, Walter

    2005-06-01

    We study multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I and type II, which have orthogonality conditions with respect to r measures. These polynomials are connected by their recurrence relation of order r+1. First we show a relation with the eigenvalue problem of a banded lower Hessenberg matrix Ln, containing the recurrence coefficients. As a consequence, we easily find that the multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I and type II satisfy a generalized Christoffel-Darboux identity. Furthermore, we explain the notion of multiple Gaussian quadrature (for proper multi-indices), which is an extension of the theory of Gaussian quadrature for orthogonal polynomials and was introduced by Borges. In particular, we show that the quadrature points and quadrature weights can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalue problem of Ln.

  15. Orthogonality of spherical harmonic coefficients

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McLeod, M. G.

    1980-08-01

    Orthogonality relations are obtained for the spherical harmonic coefficients of functions defined on the surface of a sphere. Following a brief discussion of the orthogonality of Fourier series coefficients, consideration is given to the values averaged over all orientations of the coordinate system of the spherical harmonic coefficients of a function defined on the surface of a sphere that can be expressed in terms of Legendre polynomials for the special case where the function is the sum of two delta functions located at two different points on the sphere, and for the case of an essentially arbitrary function. It is noted that the orthogonality relations derived have found applications in statistical studies of the geomagnetic field.

  16. Orthogonality preserving infinite dimensional quadratic stochastic operators

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Akın, Hasan; Mukhamedov, Farrukh

    In the present paper, we consider a notion of orthogonal preserving nonlinear operators. We introduce π-Volterra quadratic operators finite and infinite dimensional settings. It is proved that any orthogonal preserving quadratic operator on finite dimensional simplex is π-Volterra quadratic operator. In infinite dimensional setting, we describe all π-Volterra operators in terms orthogonal preserving operators.

  17. Orthogonal Regression: A Teaching Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carr, James R.

    2012-01-01

    A well-known approach to linear least squares regression is that which involves minimizing the sum of squared orthogonal projections of data points onto the best fit line. This form of regression is known as orthogonal regression, and the linear model that it yields is known as the major axis. A similar method, reduced major axis regression, is…

  18. A polarization-independent liquid crystal phase modulation using polymer-network liquid crystal with orthogonal alignment layers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Ming-Syuan; Lin, Wei-Chih; Tsou, Yu-Shih; Lin, Yi-Hsin

    2012-10-01

    A polarization-independent liquid crystal (LC) phase modulation using polymer-network liquid crystals with orthogonal alignments layers (T-PNLC) is demonstrated. T-PNLC consists of three layers. LC directors in the two layers near glass substrates are orthogonal to each other. In the middle layer, LC directors are perpendicular to the glass substrate. The advantages of such T-PNLC include polarizer-free, larger phase shift (~0.4π rad) than the residual phase type (<0.05π rad), and low operating voltage (< 30Vrms). It does not require bias voltage for avoiding scattering because the refractive index of liquid crystals matches that of polymers. The phase shift of T-PNLC is affected by the cell gap and the curing voltages. The potential applications are laser beam steering, spatial light modulators and electrically tunable micro-lens arrays.

  19. Majorana fermions and orthogonal complex structures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Calderón-García, J. S.; Reyes-Lega, A. F.

    2018-05-01

    Ground states of quadratic Hamiltonians for fermionic systems can be characterized in terms of orthogonal complex structures. The standard way in which such Hamiltonians are diagonalized makes use of a certain “doubling” of the Hilbert space. In this work, we show that this redundancy in the Hilbert space can be completely lifted if the relevant orthogonal structure is taken into account. Such an approach allows for a treatment of Majorana fermions which is both physically and mathematically transparent. Furthermore, an explicit connection between orthogonal complex structures and the topological ℤ2-invariant is given.

  20. On Certain Wronskians of Multiple Orthogonal Polynomials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Lun; Filipuk, Galina

    2014-11-01

    We consider determinants of Wronskian type whose entries are multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with a path connecting two multi-indices. By assuming that the weight functions form an algebraic Chebyshev (AT) system, we show that the polynomials represented by the Wronskians keep a constant sign in some cases, while in some other cases oscillatory behavior appears, which generalizes classical results for orthogonal polynomials due to Karlin and Szegő. There are two applications of our results. The first application arises from the observation that the m-th moment of the average characteristic polynomials for multiple orthogonal polynomial ensembles can be expressed as a Wronskian of the type II multiple orthogonal polynomials. Hence, it is straightforward to obtain the distinct behavior of the moments for odd and even m in a special multiple orthogonal ensemble - the AT ensemble. As the second application, we derive some Turán type inequalities for m! ultiple Hermite and multiple Laguerre polynomials (of two kinds). Finally, we study numerically the geometric configuration of zeros for the Wronskians of these multiple orthogonal polynomials. We observe that the zeros have regular configurations in the complex plane, which might be of independent interest.

  1. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of forces in milling process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turai, Bhanu Murthy; Satish, Cherukuvada; Prakash Marimuthu, K.

    2018-04-01

    Machining of the material by milling induces forces, which act on the work piece material, tool and which in turn act on the machining tool. The forces involved in milling process can be quantified, mathematical models help to predict these forces. A lot of research has been carried out in this area in the past few decades. The current research aims at developing a mathematical model to predict forces at different levels which arise machining of Aluminium6061 alloy. Finite element analysis was used to develop a FE model to predict the cutting forces. Simulation was done for varying cutting conditions. Different experiments was designed using Taguchi method. A L9 orthogonal array was designed and the output was measure for the different experiments. The same was used to develop the mathematical model.

  2. Application of Taguchi Design and Response Surface Methodology for Improving Conversion of Isoeugenol into Vanillin by Resting Cells of Psychrobacter sp. CSW4.

    PubMed

    Ashengroph, Morahem; Nahvi, Iraj; Amini, Jahanshir

    2013-01-01

    For all industrial processes, modelling, optimisation and control are the keys to enhance productivity and ensure product quality. In the current study, the optimization of process parameters for improving the conversion of isoeugenol to vanillin by Psychrobacter sp. CSW4 was investigated by means of Taguchi approach and Box-Behnken statistical design under resting cell conditions. Taguchi design was employed for screening the significant variables in the bioconversion medium. Sequentially, Box-Behnken design experiments under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for further optimization. Four factors (isoeugenol, NaCl, biomass and tween 80 initial concentrations), which have significant effects on vanillin yield, were selected from ten variables by Taguchi experimental design. With the regression coefficient analysis in the Box-Behnken design, a relationship between vanillin production and four significant variables was obtained, and the optimum levels of the four variables were as follows: initial isoeugenol concentration 6.5 g/L, initial tween 80 concentration 0.89 g/L, initial NaCl concentration 113.2 g/L and initial biomass concentration 6.27 g/L. Under these optimized conditions, the maximum predicted concentration of vanillin was 2.25 g/L. These optimized values of the factors were validated in a triplicate shaking flask study and an average of 2.19 g/L for vanillin, which corresponded to a molar yield 36.3%, after a 24 h bioconversion was obtained. The present work is the first one reporting the application of Taguchi design and Response surface methodology for optimizing bioconversion of isoeugenol into vanillin under resting cell conditions.

  3. Improved MIMO radar GMTI via cyclic-shift transmission of orthogonal frequency division signals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Fuyou; He, Feng; Dong, Zhen; Wu, Manqing

    2018-05-01

    Minimum detectable velocity (MDV) and maximum detectable velocity are both important in ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems. Smaller MDV can be achieved by longer baseline via multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar. Maximum detectable velocity is decided by blind velocities associated with carrier frequencies, and blind velocities can be mitigated by orthogonal frequency division signals. However, the scattering echoes from different carrier frequencies are independent, which is not good for improving MDV performance. An improved cyclic-shift transmission is applied in MIMO GMTI system in this paper. MDV performance is improved due to the longer baseline, and maximum detectable velocity performance is improved due to the mitigation of blind velocities via multiple carrier frequencies. The signal model for this mode is established, the principle of mitigating blind velocities with orthogonal frequency division signals is presented; the performance of different MIMO GMTI waveforms is analysed; and the performance of different array configurations is analysed. Simulation results by space-time-frequency adaptive processing proves that our proposed method is a valid way to improve GMTI performance.

  4. Redesigning metabolism based on orthogonality principles

    PubMed Central

    Pandit, Aditya Vikram; Srinivasan, Shyam; Mahadevan, Radhakrishnan

    2017-01-01

    Modifications made during metabolic engineering for overproduction of chemicals have network-wide effects on cellular function due to ubiquitous metabolic interactions. These interactions, that make metabolic network structures robust and optimized for cell growth, act to constrain the capability of the cell factory. To overcome these challenges, we explore the idea of an orthogonal network structure that is designed to operate with minimal interaction between chemical production pathways and the components of the network that produce biomass. We show that this orthogonal pathway design approach has significant advantages over contemporary growth-coupled approaches using a case study on succinate production. We find that natural pathways, fundamentally linked to biomass synthesis, are less orthogonal in comparison to synthetic pathways. We suggest that the use of such orthogonal pathways can be highly amenable for dynamic control of metabolism and have other implications for metabolic engineering. PMID:28555623

  5. Microfluidic LC Device with Orthogonal Sample Extraction for On-Chip MALDI-MS Detection

    PubMed Central

    Lazar, Iulia M.; Kabulski, Jarod L.

    2013-01-01

    A microfluidic device that enables on-chip matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) detection for liquid chromatography (LC) separations is described. The device comprises an array of functional elements to carry out LC separations, integrates a novel microchip-MS interface to facilitate the orthogonal transposition of the microfluidic LC channel into an array of reservoirs, and enables sensitive MALDI-MS detection directly from the chip. Essentially, the device provides a snapshot MALDI-MS map of the content of the separation channel present on the chip. The detection of proteins with biomarker potential from MCF10A breast epithelial cell extracts, and detection limits in the low fmol range, are demonstrated. In addition, the design of the novel LC-MALDI-MS chip entices the promotion of a new concept for performing sample separations within the limited time-frame that accompanies the dead-volume of a separation channel. PMID:23592150

  6. Orthogonal fast spherical Bessel transform on uniform grid

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Serov, Vladislav V.

    2017-07-01

    We propose an algorithm for the orthogonal fast discrete spherical Bessel transform on a uniform grid. Our approach is based upon the spherical Bessel transform factorization into the two subsequent orthogonal transforms, namely the fast Fourier transform and the orthogonal transform founded on the derivatives of the discrete Legendre orthogonal polynomials. The method utility is illustrated by its implementation for the problem of a two-atomic molecule in a time-dependent external field simulating the one utilized in the attosecond streaking technique.

  7. On orthogonality preserving quadratic stochastic operators

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mukhamedov, Farrukh; Taha, Muhammad Hafizuddin Mohd

    2015-05-15

    A quadratic stochastic operator (in short QSO) is usually used to present the time evolution of differing species in biology. Some quadratic stochastic operators have been studied by Lotka and Volterra. In the present paper, we first give a simple characterization of Volterra QSO in terms of absolutely continuity of discrete measures. Further, we introduce a notion of orthogonal preserving QSO, and describe such kind of operators defined on two dimensional simplex. It turns out that orthogonal preserving QSOs are permutations of Volterra QSO. The associativity of genetic algebras generated by orthogonal preserving QSO is studied too.

  8. On the Use of Statistics in Design and the Implications for Deterministic Computer Experiments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Simpson, Timothy W.; Peplinski, Jesse; Koch, Patrick N.; Allen, Janet K.

    1997-01-01

    Perhaps the most prevalent use of statistics in engineering design is through Taguchi's parameter and robust design -- using orthogonal arrays to compute signal-to-noise ratios in a process of design improvement. In our view, however, there is an equally exciting use of statistics in design that could become just as prevalent: it is the concept of metamodeling whereby statistical models are built to approximate detailed computer analysis codes. Although computers continue to get faster, analysis codes always seem to keep pace so that their computational time remains non-trivial. Through metamodeling, approximations of these codes are built that are orders of magnitude cheaper to run. These metamodels can then be linked to optimization routines for fast analysis, or they can serve as a bridge for integrating analysis codes across different domains. In this paper we first review metamodeling techniques that encompass design of experiments, response surface methodology, Taguchi methods, neural networks, inductive learning, and kriging. We discuss their existing applications in engineering design and then address the dangers of applying traditional statistical techniques to approximate deterministic computer analysis codes. We conclude with recommendations for the appropriate use of metamodeling techniques in given situations and how common pitfalls can be avoided.

  9. Effects of machining parameters on tool life and its optimization in turning mild steel with brazed carbide cutting tool

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dasgupta, S.; Mukherjee, S.

    2016-09-01

    One of the most significant factors in metal cutting is tool life. In this research work, the effects of machining parameters on tool under wet machining environment were studied. Tool life characteristics of brazed carbide cutting tool machined against mild steel and optimization of machining parameters based on Taguchi design of experiments were examined. The experiments were conducted using three factors, spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut each having three levels. Nine experiments were performed on a high speed semi-automatic precision central lathe. ANOVA was used to determine the level of importance of the machining parameters on tool life. The optimum machining parameter combination was obtained by the analysis of S/N ratio. A mathematical model based on multiple regression analysis was developed to predict the tool life. Taguchi's orthogonal array analysis revealed the optimal combination of parameters at lower levels of spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut which are 550 rpm, 0.2 mm/rev and 0.5mm respectively. The Main Effects plot reiterated the same. The variation of tool life with different process parameters has been plotted. Feed rate has the most significant effect on tool life followed by spindle speed and depth of cut.

  10. Optimization of a Three-Component Green Corrosion Inhibitor Mixture for Using in Cooling Water by Experimental Design

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Asghari, E.; Ashassi-Sorkhabi, H.; Ahangari, M.; Bagheri, R.

    2016-04-01

    Factors such as inhibitor concentration, solution hydrodynamics, and temperature influence the performance of corrosion inhibitor mixtures. The simultaneous studying of the impact of different factors is a time- and cost-consuming process. The use of experimental design methods can be useful in minimizing the number of experiments and finding local optimized conditions for factors under the investigation. In the present work, the inhibition performance of a three-component inhibitor mixture against corrosion of St37 steel rotating disk electrode, RDE, was studied. The mixture was composed of citric acid, lanthanum(III) nitrate, and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. In order to decrease the number of experiments, the L16 Taguchi orthogonal array was used. The "control factors" were the concentration of each component and the rotation rate of RDE and the "response factor" was the inhibition efficiency. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy techniques verified the formation of islands of adsorbed citrate complexes with lanthanum ions and insoluble lanthanum(III) hydroxide. From the Taguchi analysis results the mixture of 0.50 mM lanthanum(III) nitrate, 0.50 mM citric acid, and 2.0 mM tetrabutylammonium perchlorate under the electrode rotation rate of 1000 rpm was found as optimum conditions.

  11. Umbral orthogonal polynomials

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lopez-Sendino, J. E.; del Olmo, M. A.

    2010-12-23

    We present an umbral operator version of the classical orthogonal polynomials. We obtain three families which are the umbral counterpart of the Jacobi, Laguerre and Hermite polynomials in the classical case.

  12. Rolling bearing fault diagnosis and health assessment using EEMD and the adjustment Mahalanobis-Taguchi system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Junxun; Cheng, Longsheng; Yu, Hui; Hu, Shaolin

    2018-01-01

    ABSTRACTSFor the timely identification of the potential faults of a rolling bearing and to observe its health condition intuitively and accurately, a novel fault diagnosis and health assessment model for a rolling bearing based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and the adjustment Mahalanobis-<span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> system (AMTS) method is proposed. The specific steps are as follows: First, the vibration signal of a rolling bearing is decomposed by EEMD, and the extracted features are used as the input vectors of AMTS. Then, the AMTS method, which is designed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional Mahalanobis-<span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> system and to extract the key features, is proposed for fault diagnosis. Finally, a type of HI concept is proposed according to the results of the fault diagnosis to accomplish the health assessment of a bearing in its life cycle. To validate the superiority of the developed method proposed approach, it is compared with other recent method and proposed methodology is successfully validated on a vibration data-set acquired from seeded defects and from an accelerated life test. The results show that this method represents the actual situation well and is able to accurately and effectively identify the fault type.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810006186','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19810006186"><span>Generations of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> surface coordinates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Blottner, F. G.; Moreno, J. B.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Two generation methods were developed for three dimensional flows where the computational domain normal to the surface is small. With this restriction the coordinate system requires <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> only at the body surface. The first method uses the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> condition in finite-difference form to determine the surface coordinates with the metric coefficients and curvature of the coordinate lines calculated numerically. The second method obtains analytical expressions for the metric coefficients and for the curvature of the coordinate lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MSSP...25.2375E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MSSP...25.2375E"><span>Direct calculation of modal parameters from matrix <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>El-Kafafy, Mahmoud; Guillaume, Patrick</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>The object of this paper is to introduce a new technique to derive the global modal parameter (i.e. system poles) directly from estimated matrix <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials. This contribution generalized the results given in Rolain et al. (1994) [5] and Rolain et al. (1995) [6] for scalar <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials to multivariable (matrix) <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. Using <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials improves the numerical properties of the estimation process. However, the derivation of the modal parameters from the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials is in general ill-conditioned if not handled properly. The transformation of the coefficients from <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials basis to power polynomials basis is known to be an ill-conditioned transformation. In this paper a new approach is proposed to compute the system poles directly from the multivariable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials. High order models can be used without any numerical problems. The proposed method will be compared with existing methods (Van Der Auweraer and Leuridan (1987) [4] Chen and Xu (2003) [7]). For this comparative study, simulated as well as experimental data will be used.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...87a2036V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...87a2036V"><span>Flexural analysis of palm fiber reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Venkatachalam, G.; Gautham Shankar, A.; Raghav, Dasarath; Santhosh Kiran, R.; Mahesh, Bhargav; Kumar, Krishna</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Uncertainty in availability of fossil fuels in the future and global warming increased the need for more environment friendly materials. In this work, an attempt is made to fabricate a hybrid polymer matrix composite. The blend is a mixture of General Purpose Resin and Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, a natural resin extracted from cashew plant. Palm fiber, which has high strength, is used as reinforcement material. The fiber is treated with alkali (NaOH) solution to increase its strength and adhesiveness. Parametric study of flexure strength is carried out by varying alkali concentration, duration of alkali treatment and fiber volume. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L9 <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> is followed in the design of experiments procedure for simplification. With the help of ANOVA technique, regression equations are obtained which gives the level of influence of each parameter on the flexure strength of the composite.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24741344','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24741344"><span>Optimization of integrated impeller mixer via radiotracer experiments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Othman, N; Kamarudin, S K; Takriff, M S; Rosli, M I; Engku Chik, E M F; Adnan, M A K</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Radiotracer experiments are carried out in order to determine the mean residence time (MRT) as well as percentage of dead zone, V dead (%), in an integrated mixer consisting of Rushton and pitched blade turbine (PBT). Conventionally, optimization was performed by varying one parameter and others were held constant (OFAT) which lead to enormous number of experiments. Thus, in this study, a 4-factor 3-level <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L9 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> was introduced to obtain an accurate optimization of mixing efficiency with minimal number of experiments. This paper describes the optimal conditions of four process parameters, namely, impeller speed, impeller clearance, type of impeller, and sampling time, in obtaining MRT and V dead (%) using radiotracer experiments. The optimum conditions for the experiments were 100 rpm impeller speed, 50 mm impeller clearance, Type A mixer, and 900 s sampling time to reach optimization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..290a2040A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..290a2040A"><span>Toolpath strategy for cutter life improvement in plunge milling of AISI H13 tool steel</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Adesta, E. Y. T.; Avicenna; hilmy, I.; Daud, M. R. H. C.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Machinability of AISI H13 tool steel is a prominent issue since the material has the characteristics of high hardenability, excellent wear resistance, and hot toughness. A method of improving cutter life of AISI H13 tool steel plunge milling by alternating the toolpath and cutting conditions is proposed. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> with L9 (3^4) resolution will be employed with one categorical factor of toolpath strategy (TS) and three numeric factors of cutting speed (Vc), radial depth of cut (ae ), and chip load (fz ). It is expected that there are significant differences for each application of toolpath strategy and each cutting condition factor toward the cutting force and tool wear mechanism of the machining process, and medial axis transform toolpath could provide a better tool life improvement by a reduction of cutting force during machining.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IEITC..91.1055T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010IEITC..91.1055T"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA with Frequency-Domain Equalization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tanaka, Ken; Tomeba, Hiromichi; Adachi, Fumiyuki</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA) is a combination of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and time-domain spreading, while multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is a combination of OFDM and frequency-domain spreading. In MC-CDMA, a good bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved by using frequency-domain equalization (FDE), since the frequency diversity gain is obtained. On the other hand, the conventional <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA fails to achieve any frequency diversity gain. In this paper, we propose a new <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA that can obtain the frequency diversity gain by applying FDE. The conditional BER analysis is presented. The theoretical average BER performance in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel is evaluated by the Monte-Carlo numerical computation method using the derived conditional BER and is confirmed by computer simulation of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA signal transmission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JIEI...11..459K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JIEI...11..459K"><span>Multiple performance characteristics optimization for Al 7075 on electric discharge drilling by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> grey relational theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khanna, Rajesh; Kumar, Anish; Garg, Mohinder Pal; Singh, Ajit; Sharma, Neeraj</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Electric discharge drill machine (EDDM) is a spark erosion process to produce micro-holes in conductive materials. This process is widely used in aerospace, medical, dental and automobile industries. As for the performance evaluation of the electric discharge drilling machine, it is very necessary to study the process parameters of machine tool. In this research paper, a brass rod 2 mm diameter was selected as a tool electrode. The experiments generate output responses such as tool wear rate (TWR). The best parameters such as pulse on-time, pulse off-time and water pressure were studied for best machining characteristics. This investigation presents the use of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> approach for better TWR in drilling of Al-7075. A plan of experiments, based on L27 <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design method, was selected for drilling of material. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows the percentage contribution of the control factor in the machining of Al-7075 in EDDM. The optimal combination levels and the significant drilling parameters on TWR were obtained. The optimization results showed that the combination of maximum pulse on-time and minimum pulse off-time gives maximum MRR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635663','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635663"><span>Microcosm assays and <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> experimental design for treatment of oil sludge containing high concentration of hydrocarbons.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Castorena-Cortés, G; Roldán-Carrillo, T; Zapata-Peñasco, I; Reyes-Avila, J; Quej-Aké, L; Marín-Cruz, J; Olguín-Lora, P</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Microcosm assays and <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> experimental design was used to assess the biodegradation of an oil sludge produced by a gas processing unit. The study showed that the biodegradation of the sludge sample is feasible despite the high level of pollutants and complexity involved in the sludge. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the sludge revealed a high concentration of hydrocarbons (334,766+/-7001 mg kg(-1) dry matter, d.m.) containing a variety of compounds between 6 and 73 carbon atoms in their structure, whereas the concentration of Fe was 60,000 mg kg(-1) d.m. and 26,800 mg kg(-1) d.m. of sulfide. A <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L(9) experimental design comprising 4 variables and 3 levels moisture, nitrogen source, surfactant concentration and oxidant agent was performed, proving that moisture and nitrogen source are the major variables that affect CO(2) production and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) degradation. The best experimental treatment yielded a TPH removal of 56,092 mg kg(-1) d.m. The treatment was carried out under the following conditions: 70% moisture, no oxidant agent, 0.5% of surfactant and NH(4)Cl as nitrogen source.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930046988&hterms=ssto&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dssto','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930046988&hterms=ssto&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dssto"><span>Multidisciplinary design of a rocket-based combined cycle SSTO launch vehicle using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Olds, John R.; Walberg, Gerald D.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Results are presented from the optimization process of a winged-cone configuration SSTO launch vehicle that employs a rocket-based ejector/ramjet/scramjet/rocket operational mode variable-cycle engine. The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> multidisciplinary parametric-design method was used to evaluate the effects of simultaneously changing a total of eight design variables, rather than changing them one at a time as in conventional tradeoff studies. A combination of design variables was in this way identified which yields very attractive vehicle dry and gross weights.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1385863-orthogonal-tandem-catalysis','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1385863-orthogonal-tandem-catalysis"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> tandem catalysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lohr, Tracy L.; Marks, Tobin J.</p> <p>2015-05-20</p> <p>Tandem catalysis is a growing field that is beginning to yield important scientific and technological advances toward new and more efficient catalytic processes. 'One-pot' tandem reactions, where multiple catalysts and reagents, combined in a single reaction vessel undergo a sequence of precisely staged catalytic steps, are highly attractive from the standpoint of reducing both waste and time. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> tandem catalysis is a subset of one-pot reactions in which more than one catalyst is used to promote two or more mechanistically distinct reaction steps. This Perspective summarizes and analyses some of the recent developments and successes in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tandem catalysis, withmore » particular focus on recent strategies to address catalyst incompatibility. We also highlight the concept of thermodynamic leveraging by coupling multiple catalyst cycles to effect challenging transformations not observed in single-step processes, and to encourage application of this technique to energetically unfavourable or demanding reactions.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24490558','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24490558"><span>[Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive components in Ligusticum chuanxiong by <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hu, Li-Cui; Wu, Xun; Yang, Xue-Dong</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>With the yields of ferulic acid, coniferylferulate, Z-ligustilide, senkyunolide A, butylidenephthalide, butylphthalide, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, riligustilide, levistolide A, and total pharmacologically active ingredient as evaluation indexes, the extraction of Ligusticum chuanxiong by supercritical fluid technology was investigated through an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> experiment L9 (3(4)). Four factors, namely temperature, pressure, flow rate of carbon dioxide, co-solvent concentration of the supercritical fluid, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, namely 65 degrees C of temperature, 35 MPa of pressure, 1 L x min(-1) of CO2 flow rate, 8% of co-solvent concetration, supercritical fluid extraction could achieve a better yield than the conventional reflux extraction using methanol. And the supercritical fluid extraction process was validated to be stable and reliable.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JOC....39...43L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JOC....39...43L"><span>Bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Symbol Mapping and Detection in Optical CDMA Communication System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Maw-Yang</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, the bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> symbol mapping and detection scheme is investigated in time-spreading wavelength-hopping optical CDMA communication system. The carrier-hopping prime code is exploited as signature sequence, whose put-of-phase autocorrelation is zero. Based on the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of carrier-hopping prime code, the equal weight <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> signaling scheme can be constructed, and the proposed scheme using bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> symbol mapping and detection can be developed. The transmitted binary data bits are mapped into corresponding bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> symbols, where the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix code and its complement are utilized. In the receiver, the received bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> data symbol is fed into the maximum likelihood decoder for detection. Under such symbol mapping and detection, the proposed scheme can greatly enlarge the Euclidean distance; hence, the system performance can be drastically improved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28113440','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28113440"><span>Matrix-Inversion-Free Compressed Sensing With Variable <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Multi-Matching Pursuit Based on Prior Information for ECG Signals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheng, Yih-Chun; Tsai, Pei-Yun; Huang, Ming-Hao</p> <p>2016-05-19</p> <p>Low-complexity compressed sensing (CS) techniques for monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in wireless body sensor network (WBSN) are presented. The prior probability of ECG sparsity in the wavelet domain is first exploited. Then, variable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multi-matching pursuit (vOMMP) algorithm that consists of two phases is proposed. In the first phase, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is adopted to effectively augment the support set with reliable indices and in the second phase, the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multi-matching pursuit (OMMP) is employed to rescue the missing indices. The reconstruction performance is thus enhanced with the prior information and the vOMMP algorithm. Furthermore, the computation-intensive pseudo-inverse operation is simplified by the matrix-inversion-free (MIF) technique based on QR decomposition. The vOMMP-MIF CS decoder is then implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The QR decomposition is accomplished by two systolic <span class="hlt">arrays</span> working in parallel. The implementation supports three settings for obtaining 40, 44, and 48 coefficients in the sparse vector. From the measurement result, the power consumption is 11.7 mW at 0.9 V and 12 MHz. Compared to prior chip implementations, our design shows good hardware efficiency and is suitable for low-energy applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2163..141Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2163..141Y"><span>Evaluation of the MTF for a-Si:H imaging <span class="hlt">arrays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yorkston, John; Antonuk, Larry E.; Seraji, N.; Huang, Weidong; Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.; El-Mohri, Youcef</p> <p>1994-05-01</p> <p>Hydrogenated amorphous silicon imaging <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are being developed for numerous applications in medical imaging. Diagnostic and megavoltage images have previously been reported and a number of the intrinsic properties of the <span class="hlt">arrays</span> have been investigated. This paper reports on the first attempt to characterize the intrinsic spatial resolution of the imaging pixels on a 450 micrometers pitch, n-i-p imaging <span class="hlt">array</span> fabricated at Xerox P.A.R.C. The pre- sampled modulation transfer function was measured by scanning a approximately 25 micrometers wide slit of visible wavelength light across a pixel in both the DATA and FET directions. The results show that the response of the pixel in these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> directions is well described by a simple model that accounts for asymmetries in the pixel response due to geometric aspects of the pixel design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1952b0058K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1952b0058K"><span>Optimization the mechanical properties of coir-luffa cylindrica filled hybrid composites by using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Krishnudu, D. Mohana; Sreeramulu, D.; Reddy, P. Venkateshwar</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In the current study mechanical properties of particles filled hybrid composites have been studied. The mechanical properties of the hybrid composite mainly depend on the proportions of the coir weight, Luffa weight and filler weight. RSM along with <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method have been applied to find the optimized parameters of the hybrid composites. From the current study it was observed that the tensile strength of the composite mainly depends on the coir percent than the other two particles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PMB....62.4571F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PMB....62.4571F"><span>4D in vivo ultrafast ultrasound imaging using a row-column addressed matrix and coherently-compounded <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> plane waves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Flesch, M.; Pernot, M.; Provost, J.; Ferin, G.; Nguyen-Dinh, A.; Tanter, M.; Deffieux, T.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>4D ultrafast ultrasound imaging was recently shown using a 2D matrix (i.e. fully populated) connected to a 1024-channel ultrafast ultrasound scanner. In this study, we investigate the row-column addressing (RCA) matrix approach, which allows a reduction of independent channels from N  ×  N to N  +  N, with a dedicated beamforming strategy for ultrafast ultrasound imaging based on the coherent compounding of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> plane wave (OPW). OPW is based on coherent compounding of plane wave transmissions in one direction with receive beamforming along the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> direction and its <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> companion sequence. Such coherent recombination of complementary <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> sequences leads to the virtual transmit focusing in both directions which results into a final isotropic point spread function (PSF). In this study, a 32  ×  32 2D matrix <span class="hlt">array</span> probe (1024 channels), centered at 5 MHz was considered. An RCA <span class="hlt">array</span>, of same footprint with 32  +  32 elements (64 channels), was emulated by summing the elements either along a line or a column in software prior to beamforming. This approach allowed for the direct comparison of the 32  +  32 RCA scheme to the optimal fully sampled 32  ×  32 2D matrix configuration, which served as the gold standard. This approach was first studied through PSF simulations and then validated experimentally on a phantom consisting of anechoic cysts and echogenic wires. The contrast-to-noise ratio and the lateral resolution of the RCA approach were found to be approximately equal to half (in decibel) and twice the values, respectively, obtained when using the 2D matrix approach. Results in a Doppler phantom and the human humeral artery in vivo confirmed that ultrafast Doppler imaging can be achieved with reduced performances when compared against the equivalent 2D matrix. Volumetric anatomic Doppler rendering and voxel-based pulsed Doppler quantification are presented as well. OPW compound imaging</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28248655','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28248655"><span>4D in vivo ultrafast ultrasound imaging using a row-column addressed matrix and coherently-compounded <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> plane waves.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Flesch, M; Pernot, M; Provost, J; Ferin, G; Nguyen-Dinh, A; Tanter, M; Deffieux, T</p> <p>2017-06-07</p> <p>4D ultrafast ultrasound imaging was recently shown using a 2D matrix (i.e. fully populated) connected to a 1024-channel ultrafast ultrasound scanner. In this study, we investigate the row-column addressing (RCA) matrix approach, which allows a reduction of independent channels from N  ×  N to N  +  N, with a dedicated beamforming strategy for ultrafast ultrasound imaging based on the coherent compounding of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> plane wave (OPW). OPW is based on coherent compounding of plane wave transmissions in one direction with receive beamforming along the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> direction and its <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> companion sequence. Such coherent recombination of complementary <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> sequences leads to the virtual transmit focusing in both directions which results into a final isotropic point spread function (PSF). In this study, a 32  ×  32 2D matrix <span class="hlt">array</span> probe (1024 channels), centered at 5 MHz was considered. An RCA <span class="hlt">array</span>, of same footprint with 32  +  32 elements (64 channels), was emulated by summing the elements either along a line or a column in software prior to beamforming. This approach allowed for the direct comparison of the 32  +  32 RCA scheme to the optimal fully sampled 32  ×  32 2D matrix configuration, which served as the gold standard. This approach was first studied through PSF simulations and then validated experimentally on a phantom consisting of anechoic cysts and echogenic wires. The contrast-to-noise ratio and the lateral resolution of the RCA approach were found to be approximately equal to half (in decibel) and twice the values, respectively, obtained when using the 2D matrix approach. Results in a Doppler phantom and the human humeral artery in vivo confirmed that ultrafast Doppler imaging can be achieved with reduced performances when compared against the equivalent 2D matrix. Volumetric anatomic Doppler rendering and voxel-based pulsed Doppler quantification are presented as well. OPW compound imaging</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvL..91n3907M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhRvL..91n3907M"><span>Discrete Vector Solitons in Kerr Nonlinear Waveguide <span class="hlt">Arrays</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meier, Joachim; Hudock, Jared; Christodoulides, Demetrios; Stegeman, George; Silberberg, Y.; Morandotti, R.; Aitchison, J. S.</p> <p>2003-10-01</p> <p>We report the first experimental observation of discrete vector solitons in AlGaAs nonlinear waveguide <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. These self-trapped states are possible through the coexistence of two <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized fields and are stable in spite of the presence of four-wave mixing effects. We demonstrate that at sufficiently high power levels the two polarizations lock into a highly localized vector discrete soliton that would have been otherwise impossible in the absence of either one of these two components.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856379','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29856379"><span>Conversion from non-<span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> to <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized optical single-sideband modulation using optically injected semiconductor lasers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hung, Yu-Han; Tseng, Chin-Hao; Hwang, Sheng-Kwang</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>This Letter investigates an optically injected semiconductor laser for conversion from non-<span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> to <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized optical single-sideband modulation. The underlying mechanism relies solely on nonlinear laser characteristics and, thus, only a typical semiconductor laser is required as the key conversion unit. This conversion can be achieved for a broadly tunable frequency range up to at least 65 GHz. After conversion, the microwave phase quality, including linewidth and phase noise, is mostly preserved, and simultaneous microwave amplification up to 23 dB is feasible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JNR....14.1247K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JNR....14.1247K"><span>Design and formulation of nano-sized spray dried efavirenz-part I: influence of formulation parameters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Katata, Lebogang; Tshweu, Lesego; Naidoo, Saloshnee; Kalombo, Lonji; Swai, Hulda</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>Efavirenz (EFV) is one of the first-line antiretroviral drugs recommended by the World Health Organisation for treating HIV. It is a hydrophobic drug that suffers from low aqueous solubility (4 μg/mL), which leads to a limited oral absorption and low bioavailability. In order to improve its oral bioavailability, nano-sized polymeric delivery systems are suggested. Spray dried polycaprolactone-efavirenz (PCL-EFV) nanoparticles were prepared by the double emulsion method. The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method, a statistical design with an L8 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>, was implemented to optimise the formulation parameters of PCL-EFV nanoparticles. The types of sugar (lactose or trehalose), surfactant concentration and solvent (dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) were chosen as significant parameters affecting the particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Small nanoparticles with an average particle size of less than 254 ± 0.95 nm in the case of ethyl acetate as organic solvent were obtained as compared to more than 360 ± 19.96 nm for dichloromethane. In this study, the type of solvent and sugar were the most influencing parameters of the particle size and PDI. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method proved to be a quick, valuable tool in optimising the particle size and PDI of PCL-EFV nanoparticles. The optimised experimental values for the nanoparticle size and PDI were 217 ± 2.48 nm and 0.093 ± 0.02.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..115a2006P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..115a2006P"><span>Epoxy matrix composites filled with micro-sized LD sludge: wear characterization and analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Purohit, Abhilash; Satapathy, Alok</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Owing to the very high cost of conventional filler materials in polymer composites, exploring the possibility of using low cost minerals and industrial wastes for this purpose has become the need of the hour. In view of this, the present work includes the development and the wear performance evaluation of a new class of composites consisting of epoxy and microsized LD sludge. LD sludge or the Linz-Donawitz Sludge (LDS) are the fine solid particles recovered after wet cleaning of the gas emerging from LD convertors during steel making. Epoxy composites filled with different proportions (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %) of LDS are fabricated by conventional hand lay-up technique. Dry sliding wear trials are performed on the composite specimens under different test conditions as per ASTM G 99 following a design of experiment approach based on <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> approach leads to the recognition of most powerful variables that predominantly control the wear rate. This parametric analysis reveals that LDS content and sliding velocity affects the specific wear rate more significantly than normal load and sliding distance. Furthermore with increase in LDS content specific wear rate of the composite decreases for a constant sliding velocity. The sliding wear behavior of these composites under an extended range of test conditions is predicted by a model based on the artificial neural network (ANN).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21165700','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21165700"><span>Flow-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> bead oscillation in a microfluidic chip with a magnetic anisotropic flux-guide <span class="hlt">array</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Pelt, Stijn; Derks, Roy; Matteucci, Marco; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt; Dietzel, Andreas</p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>A new concept for the manipulation of superparamagnetic beads inside a microfluidic chip is presented in this paper. The concept allows for bead actuation <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the flow direction inside a microchannel. Basic manipulation functionalities were studied by means of finite element simulations and results were oval-shaped steady state oscillations with bead velocities up to 500 μm/s. The width of the trajectory could be controlled by prescribing external field rotation. Successful verification experiments were performed on a prototype chip fabricated with excimer laser ablation in polycarbonate and electroforming of nickel flux-guides. Bead velocities up to 450 μm/s were measured in a 75 μm wide channel. By prescribing the currents in the external quadrupole magnet, the shape of the bead trajectory could be controlled.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4161355','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4161355"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pridmore, Ralph W.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This paper employs uniform color space to analyze relations in dichromacy (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia). Fifty percent or less of dichromats represent the classical reduction form of trichromacy, where one of three cones is inoperative but normal trichromatic color mixture such as complementary colors (pairs that mix white) are accepted by the dichromat, whose data can thus be plotted to CIE chromaticity spaces. The remaining dichromats comprise many and varied more-complex gene <span class="hlt">arrays</span> from mutations, recombinations, etc. Though perhaps a minority, the three reductionist types provide a simple standard, in genotype and phenotype, to which the more complex remainder may be compared. Here, previously published data on dichromacy are plotted and analyzed in CIELUV uniform color space to find spatial relations in terms of color appearance space (e.g., hue angle). Traditional residual (seen) hues for protanopia and deuteranopia (both red–green colorblindness) are yellow and blue, but analysis indicates the protanopic residual hues are more greenish yellow and reddish blue than in tradition. Results for three illuminants (D65, D50, B) imply four principles in the spatial structure of dichromacy: (1) complementarity of confusion hue pairs and of residual hue pairs; (2) <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of confusion locus and residual hues locus at their intersection with the white point, in each dichromatic type; (3) <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of protanopic and tritanopic confusion loci; and (4) inverse relations between protanopic and tritanopic systems generally, such that one's confusion hues are the other's residual hues. Two of the three dichromatic systems do not represent components of normal trichromatic vision as sometimes thought but are quite different. Wavelength shifts between illuminants demonstrate chromatic adaptation correlates exactly with that in trichromatic vision. In theory these results clarify relations in and between types of dichromacy. They also apply in Munsell and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211128','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211128"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> relations and color constancy in dichromatic colorblindness.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pridmore, Ralph W</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This paper employs uniform color space to analyze relations in dichromacy (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia). Fifty percent or less of dichromats represent the classical reduction form of trichromacy, where one of three cones is inoperative but normal trichromatic color mixture such as complementary colors (pairs that mix white) are accepted by the dichromat, whose data can thus be plotted to CIE chromaticity spaces. The remaining dichromats comprise many and varied more-complex gene <span class="hlt">arrays</span> from mutations, recombinations, etc. Though perhaps a minority, the three reductionist types provide a simple standard, in genotype and phenotype, to which the more complex remainder may be compared. Here, previously published data on dichromacy are plotted and analyzed in CIELUV uniform color space to find spatial relations in terms of color appearance space (e.g., hue angle). Traditional residual (seen) hues for protanopia and deuteranopia (both red-green colorblindness) are yellow and blue, but analysis indicates the protanopic residual hues are more greenish yellow and reddish blue than in tradition. Results for three illuminants (D65, D50, B) imply four principles in the spatial structure of dichromacy: (1) complementarity of confusion hue pairs and of residual hue pairs; (2) <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of confusion locus and residual hues locus at their intersection with the white point, in each dichromatic type; (3) <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of protanopic and tritanopic confusion loci; and (4) inverse relations between protanopic and tritanopic systems generally, such that one's confusion hues are the other's residual hues. Two of the three dichromatic systems do not represent components of normal trichromatic vision as sometimes thought but are quite different. Wavelength shifts between illuminants demonstrate chromatic adaptation correlates exactly with that in trichromatic vision. In theory these results clarify relations in and between types of dichromacy. They also apply in Munsell and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ITNS...55.2303K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ITNS...55.2303K"><span><span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Based Performance and Reliability Improvement of an Ion Chamber Amplifier for Enhanced Nuclear Reactor Safety</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kulkarni, R. D.; Agarwal, Vivek</p> <p>2008-08-01</p> <p>An ion chamber amplifier (ICA) is used as a safety device for neutronic power (flux) measurement in regulation and protection systems of nuclear reactors. Therefore, performance reliability of an ICA is an important issue. Appropriate quality engineering is essential to achieve a robust design and performance of the ICA circuit. It is observed that the low input bias current operational amplifiers used in the input stage of the ICA circuit are the most critical devices for proper functioning of the ICA. They are very sensitive to the gamma radiation present in their close vicinity. Therefore, the response of the ICA deteriorates with exposure to gamma radiation resulting in a decrease in the overall reliability, unless desired performance is ensured under all conditions. This paper presents a performance enhancement scheme for an ICA operated in the nuclear environment. The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method, which is a proven technique for reliability enhancement, has been used in this work. It is demonstrated that if a statistical, optimal design approach, like the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method is used, the cost of high quality and reliability may be brought down drastically. The complete methodology and statistical calculations involved are presented, as are the experimental and simulation results to arrive at a robust design of the ICA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMiMi..28d4003W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JMiMi..28d4003W"><span>3D-fabrication of tunable and high-density <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of crystalline silicon nanostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilbers, J. G. E.; Berenschot, J. W.; Tiggelaar, R. M.; Dogan, T.; Sugimura, K.; van der Wiel, W. G.; Gardeniers, J. G. E.; Tas, N. R.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In this report, a procedure for the 3D-nanofabrication of ordered, high-density <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of crystalline silicon nanostructures is described. Two nanolithography methods were utilized for the fabrication of the nanostructure <span class="hlt">array</span>, viz. displacement Talbot lithography (DTL) and edge lithography (EL). DTL is employed to perform two (<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>) resist-patterning steps to pattern a thin Si3N4 layer. The resulting patterned double layer serves as an etch mask for all further etching steps for the fabrication of ordered <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of silicon nanostructures. The <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are made by means of anisotropic wet etching of silicon in combination with an isotropic retraction etch step of the etch mask, i.e. EL. The procedure enables fabrication of nanostructures with dimensions below 15 nm and a potential density of 1010 crystals cm-2.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvE..97b2133A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvE..97b2133A"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> catastrophe and fractional exclusion statistics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ares, Filiberto; Gupta, Kumar S.; de Queiroz, Amilcar R.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>We show that the N -particle Sutherland model with inverse-square and harmonic interactions exhibits <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> catastrophe. For a fixed value of the harmonic coupling, the overlap of the N -body ground state wave functions with two different values of the inverse-square interaction term goes to zero in the thermodynamic limit. When the two values of the inverse-square coupling differ by an infinitesimal amount, the wave function overlap shows an exponential suppression. This is qualitatively different from the usual power law suppression observed in the Anderson's <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> catastrophe. We also obtain an analytic expression for the wave function overlaps for an arbitrary set of couplings, whose properties are analyzed numerically. The quasiparticles constituting the ground state wave functions of the Sutherland model are known to obey fractional exclusion statistics. Our analysis indicates that the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> catastrophe may be valid in systems with more general kinds of statistics than just the fermionic type.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29548114','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29548114"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> catastrophe and fractional exclusion statistics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ares, Filiberto; Gupta, Kumar S; de Queiroz, Amilcar R</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>We show that the N-particle Sutherland model with inverse-square and harmonic interactions exhibits <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> catastrophe. For a fixed value of the harmonic coupling, the overlap of the N-body ground state wave functions with two different values of the inverse-square interaction term goes to zero in the thermodynamic limit. When the two values of the inverse-square coupling differ by an infinitesimal amount, the wave function overlap shows an exponential suppression. This is qualitatively different from the usual power law suppression observed in the Anderson's <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> catastrophe. We also obtain an analytic expression for the wave function overlaps for an arbitrary set of couplings, whose properties are analyzed numerically. The quasiparticles constituting the ground state wave functions of the Sutherland model are known to obey fractional exclusion statistics. Our analysis indicates that the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> catastrophe may be valid in systems with more general kinds of statistics than just the fermionic type.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703739"><span>Distance-constrained <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Latin squares for brain-computer interface.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, Gang; Min, Wanli</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>The P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can allow amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients to instruct computers to perform tasks. To strengthen the P300 response and increase classification accuracy, we proposed an experimental design where characters are intensified according to <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Latin square pairs. These <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Latin square pairs satisfy certain distance constraint so that neighboring characters are not intensified simultaneously. However, it is unknown whether such distance-constrained, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Latin square pairs actually exist. In this paper, we show that for every matrix size commonly used in P300 BCI, thousands to millions of such distance-constrained, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Latin square pairs can be systematically and efficiently constructed and are sufficient for the purpose of being used in P300 BCI.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fourier&pg=7&id=EJ753942','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fourier&pg=7&id=EJ753942"><span>The Gibbs Phenomenon for Series of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Fay, T. H.; Kloppers, P. Hendrik</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>This note considers the four classes of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials--Chebyshev, Hermite, Laguerre, Legendre--and investigates the Gibbs phenomenon at a jump discontinuity for the corresponding <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomial series expansions. The perhaps unexpected thing is that the Gibbs constant that arises for each class of polynomials appears to be the same…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110014346','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110014346"><span>Least-Squares Adaptive Control Using Chebyshev <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Nhan T.; Burken, John; Ishihara, Abraham</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents a new adaptive control approach using Chebyshev <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials as basis functions in a least-squares functional approximation. The use of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> basis functions improves the function approximation significantly and enables better convergence of parameter estimates. Flight control simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control approach.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152195','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152195"><span>A 2D silicon detector <span class="hlt">array</span> for quality assurance in small field dosimetry: DUO.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shukaili, Khalsa Al; Petasecca, Marco; Newall, Matthew; Espinoza, Anthony; Perevertaylo, Vladimir L; Corde, Stéphanie; Lerch, Michael; Rosenfeld, Anatoly B</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Nowadays, there are many different applications that use small fields in radiotherapy treatments. The dosimetry of small radiation fields is not trivial due to the problems associated with lateral disequilibrium and source occlusion and requires reliable quality assurance (QA). Ideally such a QA tool should provide high spatial resolution, minimal beam perturbation and real time fast measurements. Many different types of silicon diode <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are used for QA in radiotherapy; however, their application in small filed dosimetry is limited, in part, due to a lack of spatial resolution. The Center of Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) has developed a new generation of a monolithic silicon diode <span class="hlt">array</span> detector that will be useful for small field dosimetry in SRS/SRT. The objective of this study is to characterize a monolithic silicon diode <span class="hlt">array</span> designed for dosimetry QA in SRS/SRT named DUO that is arranged as two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> 1D <span class="hlt">arrays</span> with 0.2 mm pitch. DUO is two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> 1D silicon detector <span class="hlt">arrays</span> in a monolithic crystal. Each <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> contains 253 small pixels with size 0.04 × 0.8 mm 2 and three central pixels are with a size of 0.18 × 0.18 mm 2 each. The detector pitch is 0.2 mm and total active area is 52 × 52 mm 2 . The response of the DUO silicon detector was characterized in terms of dose per pulse, percentage depth dose, and spatial resolution in a radiation field incorporating high gradients. Beam profile of small fields and output factors measured on a Varian 2100EX LINAC in a 6 MV radiation fields of square dimensions and sized from 0.5 × 0.5 cm 2 to 5 × 5 cm 2 . The DUO response was compared under the same conditions with EBT3 films and an ionization chamber. The DUO detector shows a dose per pulse dependence of 5% for a range of dose rates from 2.7 × 10 -4 to 1.2 × 10 -4 Gy/pulse and 23% when the rate is further reduced to 2.8 × 10 -5 Gy/pulse. The percentage depth dose measured to 25 cm depth in solid water phantom beyond the surface and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873268','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873268"><span>Apparatus and method for imaging metallic objects using an <span class="hlt">array</span> of giant magnetoresistive sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Chaiken, Alison</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>A portable, low-power, metallic object detector and method for providing an image of a detected metallic object. In one embodiment, the present portable low-power metallic object detector an <span class="hlt">array</span> of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors. The <span class="hlt">array</span> of GMR sensors is adapted for detecting the presence of and compiling image data of a metallic object. In the embodiment, the <span class="hlt">array</span> of GMR sensors is arranged in a checkerboard configuration such that axes of sensitivity of alternate GMR sensors are <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> oriented. An electronics portion is coupled to the <span class="hlt">array</span> of GMR sensors. The electronics portion is adapted to receive and process the image data of the metallic object compiled by the <span class="hlt">array</span> of GMR sensors. The embodiment also includes a display unit which is coupled to the electronics portion. The display unit is adapted to display a graphical representation of the metallic object detected by the <span class="hlt">array</span> of GMR sensors. In so doing, a graphical representation of the detected metallic object is provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16671630','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16671630"><span>Response to <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> and Noma on "relationship between directionality and orientation in drawings by young children and adults.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Karev, George B</p> <p>2006-02-01</p> <p>When assessing the relationship between direction and orientation in drawings by young children and adults, <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> and Noma used a fish-drawing task. However, the fish is not convenient enough as an object for such a task so it is highly preferable to use, instead of a single object, a set of several objects to assess directionality quantitatively. These authors' conclusions do not acknowledge alternative explanations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1129193','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1129193"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> ion injection apparatus and process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Kurulugama, Ruwan T; Belov, Mikhail E</p> <p>2014-04-15</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> ion injection apparatus and process are described in which ions are directly injected into an ion guide <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the ion guide axis through an inlet opening located on a side of the ion guide. The end of the heated capillary is placed inside the ion guide such that the ions are directly injected into DC and RF fields inside the ion guide, which efficiently confines ions inside the ion guide. Liquid droplets created by the ionization source that are carried through the capillary into the ion guide are removed from the ion guide by a strong directional gas flow through an inlet opening on the opposite side of the ion guide. Strong DC and RF fields divert ions into the ion guide. In-guide <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> injection yields a noise level that is a factor of 1.5 to 2 lower than conventional inline injection known in the art. Signal intensities for low m/z ions are greater compared to convention inline injection under the same processing conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29862333','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29862333"><span><span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>-generalized regression neural network micro-screening for physical and sensory characteristics of bread.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Besseris, George J</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) may act as crowdsourcing cognitive agents to screen small, dense and complex datasets. The concurrent screening and optimization of several complex physical and sensory traits of bread is developed using a structured <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>-type micro-mining technique. A novel product outlook is offered to industrial operations to cover separate aspects of smart product design, engineering and marketing. Four controlling factors were selected to be modulated directly on a modern production line: 1) the dough weight, 2) the proofing time, 3) the baking time, and 4) the oven zone temperatures. Concentrated experimental recipes were programmed using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>-type L 9 (3 4 ) OA-sampler to detect potentially non-linear multi-response tendencies. The fused behavior of the master-ranked bread characteristics behavior was smart sampled with GRNN-crowdsourcing and robust analysis. It was found that the combination of the oven zone temperatures to play a highly influential role in all investigated scenarios. Moreover, the oven zone temperatures and the dough weight appeared to be instrumental when attempting to synchronously adjusting all four physical characteristics. The optimal oven-zone temperature setting for concurrent screening-and-optimization was found to be 270-240 °C. The optimized (median) responses for loaf weight, moisture, height, width, color, flavor, crumb structure, softness, and elasticity are: 782 g, 34.8 %, 9.36 cm, 10.41 cm, 6.6, 7.2, 7.6, 7.3, and 7.0, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1032929-communication-avoiding-hybrid-parallel-rank-revealing-orthogonalization-method','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1032929-communication-avoiding-hybrid-parallel-rank-revealing-orthogonalization-method"><span>A communication-avoiding, hybrid-parallel, rank-revealing <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hoemmen, Mark</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonalization</span> consumes much of the run time of many iterative methods for solving sparse linear systems and eigenvalue problems. Commonly used algorithms, such as variants of Gram-Schmidt or Householder QR, have performance dominated by communication. Here, 'communication' includes both data movement between the CPU and memory, and messages between processors in parallel. Our Tall Skinny QR (TSQR) family of algorithms requires asymptotically fewer messages between processors and data movement between CPU and memory than typical <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> methods, yet achieves the same accuracy as Householder QR factorization. Furthermore, in block <span class="hlt">orthogonalizations</span>, TSQR is faster and more accurate than existing approaches formore » <span class="hlt">orthogonalizing</span> the vectors within each block ('normalization'). TSQR's rank-revealing capability also makes it useful for detecting deflation in block iterative methods, for which existing approaches sacrifice performance, accuracy, or both. We have implemented a version of TSQR that exploits both distributed-memory and shared-memory parallelism, and supports real and complex arithmetic. Our implementation is optimized for the case of <span class="hlt">orthogonalizing</span> a small number (5-20) of very long vectors. The shared-memory parallel component uses Intel's Threading Building Blocks, though its modular design supports other shared-memory programming models as well, including computation on the GPU. Our implementation achieves speedups of 2 times or more over competing <span class="hlt">orthogonalizations</span>. It is available now in the development branch of the Trilinos software package, and will be included in the 10.8 release.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24054666','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24054666"><span>Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of vitamins D and K in foods by liquid chromatography with diode-<span class="hlt">array</span> and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Viñas, Pilar; Bravo-Bravo, María; López-García, Ignacio; Hernández-Córdoba, Manuel</p> <p>2013-10-15</p> <p>A simple and rapid method was developed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with both diode <span class="hlt">array</span> (DAD) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric (APCI-MS) detection, for the simultaneous analysis of the vitamins ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3), phylloquinone (K1), menaquinone-4 (K2) and a synthetic form of vitamin K, menadione (K3). The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> experimental method, an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design (OAD), was used to optimize an efficient and clean preconcentration step based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). A factorial design was applied with six factors and three levels for each factor, namely, carbon tetrachloride volume, methanol volume, aqueous sample volume, pH of sample, sodium chloride concentration and time of the centrifugation step. The DLLME optimized procedure consisted of rapidly injecting 3 mL of acetonitrile (disperser solvent) containing 150 µL carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent) into the aqueous sample, thereby forming a cloudy solution. Phase separation was performed by centrifugation, and the sedimented phase was evaporated with nitrogen, reconstituted with 50 µL of acetonitrile, and injected. The LC analyses were carried out using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, 2-propanol and water, under gradient elution. Quantification was carried out by the standard additions method. The APCI-MS spectra, in combination with UV spectra, permitted the correct identification of compounds in the food samples. The method was validated according to international guidelines and using a certified reference material. The validated method was applied for the analysis of vitamins D and K in infant foods and several green vegetables. There was little variability in the forms of vitamin K present in vegetables, with the most abundant vitamer in all the samples being phylloquinone, while menadione could not be detected. Conversely, cholecalciferol, which is present in food of animal origin, was</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750023270','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19750023270"><span>Quasi-isotropic VHF antenna <span class="hlt">array</span> design study for the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Raines, J. K.</p> <p>1975-01-01</p> <p>Results of a study to design a quasi-isotropic VHF antenna <span class="hlt">array</span> for the IUE satellite are presented. A free space configuration was obtained that has no nulls deeper than -6.4 dbi in each of two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarizations. A computer program named SOAP that analyzes the electromagnetic interaction between antennas and complicated conducting bodies, such as satellites was developed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425115','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425115"><span>Chemical Bonding: The <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Valence-Bond View</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sax, Alexander F.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Chemical bonding is the stabilization of a molecular system by charge- and spin-reorganization processes in chemical reactions. These processes are said to be local, because the number of atoms involved is very small. With multi-configurational self-consistent field (MCSCF) wave functions, these processes can be calculated, but the local information is hidden by the delocalized molecular orbitals (MO) used to construct the wave functions. The transformation of such wave functions into valence bond (VB) wave functions, which are based on localized orbitals, reveals the hidden information; this transformation is called a VB reading of MCSCF wave functions. The two-electron VB wave functions describing the Lewis electron pair that connects two atoms are frequently called covalent or neutral, suggesting that these wave functions describe an electronic situation where two electrons are never located at the same atom; such electronic situations and the wave functions describing them are called ionic. When the distance between two atoms decreases, however, every covalent VB wave function composed of non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> atomic orbitals changes its character from neutral to ionic. However, this change in the character of conventional VB wave functions is hidden by its mathematical form. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> VB wave functions composed of orthonormalized orbitals never change their character. When localized fragment orbitals are used instead of atomic orbitals, one can decide which local information is revealed and which remains hidden. In this paper, we analyze four chemical reactions by transforming the MCSCF wave functions into <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> VB wave functions; we show how the reactions are influenced by changing the atoms involved or by changing their local symmetry. Using <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> instead of non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> orbitals is not just a technical issue; it also changes the interpretation, revealing the properties of wave functions that remain otherwise undetected. PMID:25906476</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9905E..3ER','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9905E..3ER"><span>An optimized Fresnel <span class="hlt">array</span> for a test space mission in UV</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roux, W.; Koechlin, L.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The Fresnel Diffractive Imager is based on a new optical concept for space telescopes, developed at Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) in Toulouse, France. We propose it for space missions dedicated to science cases in the Ultra-Violet with aperture ranges from 6 to 30 meters. Instead of a classical mirror to focus light, this concept uses very light-weight diffractive optics : the Fresnel <span class="hlt">array</span>. Our project has already proved its performances in terms of resolution and high dynamic range in the laboratory, in the visible and near IR. It has been tested successfully on real astrophysical sources from the ground. At present, the project has reached the stage where a probatory mission is needed to validate its operation in space. In collaboration with institutes in Spain and Russia, we will propose a mission to the Russian space agency Roscosmos, to board a small prototype Fresnel imager on the International Space Station (ISS) for a UV astronomy program. We have improved the Fresnel <span class="hlt">array</span> design to get a better Point Spread Function (PSF), 2 different ways. Numerical simulations have first allowed us to confirm these optical improvements, before manufacturing the diffractive optics and using them for new lab tests. In our previous setups, the opaque Fresnel zones in the primary Fresnel <span class="hlt">array</span> (playing the role of the telescope objective) were maintained with an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> bars mesh, following the pseudo-period of the Fresnel zones. We show that the PSF improves when these bars are regularly spaced. Furthermore, the optical system is apodized to get a better peaked PSF, and increase its high contrast performances. In our case, to apodize a binary mask the solution is to modulate the Fresnel zones in relative thickness ratio (opaque versus void), thus driving the local light transmission ratio. In earlier implementations, our Fresnel <span class="hlt">arrays</span> were apodized with a circularly symmetric law, but an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> apodization law is more efficient</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=investments&pg=3&id=EJ1030780','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=investments&pg=3&id=EJ1030780"><span>"<span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span>" in Learning and Assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Leslie, David</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This chapter proposes a simple framework, "<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>," to help clarify what stakeholders think about learning in college, how we assess outcomes, and how clear assessment methods might help increase confidence in returns on investment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21528838-experimental-quantum-cryptography-scheme-based-orthogonal-states','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21528838-experimental-quantum-cryptography-scheme-based-orthogonal-states"><span>Experimental quantum-cryptography scheme based on <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Avella, Alessio; Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro</p> <p>2010-12-15</p> <p>Since, in general, nonorthogonal states cannot be cloned, any eavesdropping attempt in a quantum-communication scheme using nonorthogonal states as carriers of information introduces some errors in the transmission, leading to the possibility of detecting the spy. Usually, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states are not used in quantum-cryptography schemes since they can be faithfully cloned without altering the transmitted data. Nevertheless, L. Goldberg and L. Vaidman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1239 (1995)] proposed a protocol in which, even if the data exchange is realized using two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states, any attempt to eavesdrop is detectable by the legal users. In this scheme the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> statesmore » are superpositions of two localized wave packets traveling along separate channels. Here we present an experiment realizing this scheme.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686955','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686955"><span>Optical spins and nano-antenna <span class="hlt">array</span> for magnetic therapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thammawongsa, N; Mitatha, S; Yupapin, P P</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>Magnetic therapy is an alternative medicine practice involving the use of magnetic fields subjected to certain parts of the body and stimulates healing from a range of health problems. In this paper, an embedded nano-antenna system using the optical spins generated from a particular configuration of microrings (PANDA) is proposed. The <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> solitons pairs corresponding to the left-hand and right-hand optical solitons (photons) produced from dark-bright soliton conversion can be simultaneously detected within the system at the output ports. Two possible spin states which are assigned as angular momentum of either +ħ or -ħ will be absorbed by an object whenever this set of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> solitons is imparted to the object. Magnetic moments could indeed arise from the intrinsic property of spins. By controlling some important parameters of the system such as soliton input power, coupling coefficients and sizes of rings, output signals from microring resonator system can be tuned and optimized to be used as magnetic therapy <span class="hlt">array</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..114a2033F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..114a2033F"><span>Experimental Validation for Hot Stamping Process by Using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fawzi Zamri, Mohd; Lim, Syh Kai; Razlan Yusoff, Ahmad</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Due to the demand for reduction in gas emissions, energy saving and producing safer vehicles has driven the development of Ultra High Strength Steel (UHSS) material. To strengthen UHSS material such as boron steel, it needed to undergo a process of hot stamping for heating at certain temperature and time. In this paper, <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method is applied to determine the appropriate parameter of thickness, heating temperature and heating time to achieve optimum strength of boron steel. The experiment is conducted by using flat square shape of hot stamping tool with tensile dog bone as a blank product. Then, the value of tensile strength and hardness is measured as response. The results showed that the lower thickness, higher heating temperature and heating time give the higher strength and hardness for the final product. In conclusion, boron steel blank are able to achieve up to 1200 MPa tensile strength and 650 HV of hardness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..183a2003V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..183a2003V"><span>Optimization of process parameters in drilling of fibre hybrid composite using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> and grey relational analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vijaya Ramnath, B.; Sharavanan, S.; Jeykrishnan, J.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Nowadays quality plays a vital role in all the products. Hence, the development in manufacturing process focuses on the fabrication of composite with high dimensional accuracy and also incurring low manufacturing cost. In this work, an investigation on machining parameters has been performed on jute-flax hybrid composite. Here, the two important responses characteristics like surface roughness and material removal rate are optimized by employing 3 machining input parameters. The input variables considered are drill bit diameter, spindle speed and feed rate. Machining is done on CNC vertical drilling machine at different levels of drilling parameters. Taguchi’s L16 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> is used for optimizing individual tool parameters. Analysis Of Variance is used to find the significance of individual parameters. The simultaneous optimization of the process parameters is done by grey relational analysis. The results of this investigation shows that, spindle speed and drill bit diameter have most effect on material removal rate and surface roughness followed by feed rate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMEP...25.4292H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMEP...25.4292H"><span>Influence of Temperature and Chloride Concentration on Passivation Mechanism and Corrosion of a DSS2209 Welded Joint</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hachemi, Hania; Azzaz, Mohamed; Djeghlal, Mohamed Elamine</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The passivity behavior of a 2209 duplex stainless steel welded joint was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, Mott-Schottky analysis and EIS measurements. In order to evaluate the contribution of temperature, chloride concentration and microstructure, a sequence of polarization tests were carried out in aerated NaCl solutions selected according to robust design of a three level-three factors <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L9 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>. Analysis of signal-to-noise ratio and ANOVA were achieved on all measured data, and the contribution of every control factor was estimated. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of 2209 duplex stainless steel welded joint is related to the evolution of the passive film formed on the surface. It was found that the passive film on the welded zone possessed n- and p-type semiconductor characteristics. With the increase of solution temperature and chlorides concentration, the corrosion resistance of the passive film is more affected in the weldment than in the base metal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMEP...24.1038K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JMEP...24.1038K"><span>Experimental Investigations on Formability of Aluminum Tailor Friction Stir Welded Blanks in Deep Drawing Process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kesharwani, R. K.; Panda, S. K.; Pal, S. K.</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>In the present work, tailor friction stir welded blanks (TFSWBs) were fabricated successfully using 2.0-mm-thick AA5754-H22 and AA5052-H32 sheet metals with optimized tool design and process parameters. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L9 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> has been used to design the friction stir welding experiments, and the Grey relational analysis has been applied for the multi objective optimization in order to maximize the weld strength and total elongation reducing the surface roughness and energy consumption. The formability of the TFSWBs and parent materials was evaluated and compared in terms of limiting drawing ratio (LDR) using a conventional circular die. It was found that the formability of the TFSWBs was comparable with that of both the parent materials without failure in the weldment. A modified conical tractrix die (MCTD) was proposed to enhance the LDR of the TFSWBs. It was found that the formability was improved by 27% using the MCTD.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..338a2050R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..338a2050R"><span>Comparison of wear behaviour and mechanical properties of as-cast Al6082 and Al6082-T6 using statistical analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rani Rana, Sandhya; Pattnaik, A. B.; Patnaik, S. C.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In the present work the wear behavior and mechanical properties of as cast A16082 and A16086-T6 were compared and analyzed using statistical analysis. The as cast Al6082 alloy was solutionized at 550°C, quenched and artificially aged at 170°C for 8hrs. Metallographic examination and XRD analysis revealed the presence of intermetallic compounds Al6Mn.Hardness of heat treated Al6082 was found to be more than as cast sample. Wear tests were carried out using Pin on Disc wear testing machine according to <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L9 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>. Experiments were conducted under normal load 10-30N, sliding speed 1-3m/s, sliding distance 400,800,1200m respectively. Sliding speed was found to be the dominant factor for wear in both as cast and aged Al 6082 alloy. Sliding distance increases the wear rate up to 800m and then after it decreases.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..149a2002K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..149a2002K"><span>Optimization of Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Parameters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, Amit; Khurana, M. K.; Yadav, Pradeep K.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>This study presents the application of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method combined with grey relational analysis to optimize the process parameters of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of AISI 1020 carbon steels for multiple quality characteristics (bead width, bead height, weld penetration and heat affected zone). An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> of L9 has been implemented to fabrication of joints. The experiments have been conducted according to the combination of voltage (V), current (A) and welding speed (Ws). The results revealed that the welding speed is most significant process parameter. By analyzing the grey relational grades, optimal parameters are obtained and significant factors are known using ANOVA analysis. The welding parameters such as speed, welding current and voltage have been optimized for material AISI 1020 using GMAW process. To fortify the robustness of experimental design, a confirmation test was performed at selected optimal process parameter setting. Observations from this method may be useful for automotive sub-assemblies, shipbuilding and vessel fabricators and operators to obtain optimal welding conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21570926-multiple-orthogonal-polynomials-discrete-meixner-measures','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21570926-multiple-orthogonal-polynomials-discrete-meixner-measures"><span>On multiple <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials for discrete Meixner measures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sorokin, Vladimir N</p> <p>2010-12-07</p> <p>The paper examines two examples of multiple <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials generalizing <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials of a discrete variable, meaning thereby the Meixner polynomials. One example is bound up with a discrete Nikishin system, and the other leads to essentially new effects. The limit distribution of the zeros of polynomials is obtained in terms of logarithmic equilibrium potentials and in terms of algebraic curves. Bibliography: 9 titles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3834179','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3834179"><span>Functional Implications of Ubiquitous Semicircular Canal Non-<span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> in Mammals</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Berlin, Jeri C.; Kirk, E. Christopher; Rowe, Timothy B.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The ‘canonical model’ of semicircular canal orientation in mammals assumes that 1) the three ipsilateral canals of an inner ear exist in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes (i.e., <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>), 2) corresponding left and right canal pairs have equivalent angles (i.e., angle symmetry), and 3) contralateral synergistic canals occupy parallel planes (i.e., coplanarity). However, descriptions of vestibular anatomy that quantify semicircular canal orientation in single species often diverge substantially from this model. Data for primates further suggest that semicircular canal <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> varies predictably with the angular head velocities encountered in locomotion. These observations raise the possibility that <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, symmetry, and coplanarity are misleading descriptors of semicircular canal orientation in mammals, and that deviations from these norms could have significant functional consequences. Here we critically assess the canonical model of semicircular canal orientation using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography scans of 39 mammal species. We find that substantial deviations from <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, angle symmetry, and coplanarity are the rule for the mammals in our comparative sample. Furthermore, the degree to which the semicircular canals of a given species deviate from <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> is negatively correlated with estimated vestibular sensitivity. We conclude that the available comparative morphometric data do not support the canonical model and that its overemphasis as a heuristic generalization obscures a large amount of functionally relevant variation in semicircular canal orientation between species. PMID:24260256</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265782','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265782"><span>Analysis of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves using high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode <span class="hlt">array</span> detector tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and an extraction method optimized by <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Sha; Wu, Ben-Hong; Fang, Jin-Bao; Liu, Yan-Ling; Zhang, Hao-Hao; Fang, Lin-Chuan; Guan, Le; Li, Shao-Hua</p> <p>2012-03-02</p> <p>The extraction protocol of flavonoids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves was optimized through an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> design. The solvent was the most important factor comparing solvent, solvent:tissue ratio, extraction time, and temperature. The highest yield of flavonoids was achieved with 70% methanol-water and a solvent:tissue ratio of 30:1 at 4 °C for 36 h. The optimized analytical method for HPLC was a multi-step gradient elution using 0.5% formic acid (A) and CH₃CN containing 0.1% formic acid (B), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Using this optimized method, thirteen flavonoids were simultaneously separated and identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode <span class="hlt">array</span> detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS(n)). Five of the bioactive compounds are reported in lotus leaves for the first time. The flavonoid content of the leaves of three representative cultivars was assessed under the optimized extraction and HPLC analytical conditions, and the seed-producing cultivar 'Baijianlian' had the highest flavonoid content compared with rhizome-producing 'Zhimahuoulian' and wild floral cultivar 'Honglian'. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRC..123..452M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRC..123..452M"><span>Reduced-Rank <span class="hlt">Array</span> Modes of the California Current Observing System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moore, Andrew M.; Arango, Hernan G.; Edwards, Christopher A.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The information content of the ocean observing <span class="hlt">array</span> spanning the U.S. west coast is explored using the reduced-rank <span class="hlt">array</span> modes (RAMs) derived from a four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system covering a period of three decades. RAMs are an extension of the original formulation of <span class="hlt">array</span> modes introduced by Bennett (1985) but in the reduced model state-space explored by the 4D-Var system, and reveal the extent to which this space is activated by the observations. The projection of the RAMs onto the empirical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> functions (EOFs) of the 4D-Var background error correlation matrix provides a quantitative measure of the effectiveness of the measurements in observing the circulation. It is found that much of the space spanned by the background error covariance is unconstrained by the present ocean observing system. The RAM spectrum is also used to introduce a new criterion to prevent 4D-Var from overfitting the model to the observations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17941678','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17941678"><span>Directed growth of horizontally aligned gallium nitride nanowires for nanoelectromechanical resonator <span class="hlt">arrays</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Henry, Tania; Kim, Kyungkon; Ren, Zaiyuan; Yerino, Christopher; Han, Jung; Tang, Hong X</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>We report the growth of horizontally aligned <span class="hlt">arrays</span> and networks of GaN nanowires (NWs) as resonant components in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). A combination of top-down selective area growth (SAG) and bottom-up vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) synthesis enables flexible fabrication of highly ordered nanowire <span class="hlt">arrays</span> in situ with no postgrowth dispersion. Mechanical resonance of free-standing nanowires are measured, with quality factors (Q) ranging from 400 to 1000. We obtained a Young's modulus (E) of approximately 338 GPa from an <span class="hlt">array</span> of NWs with varying diameters and lengths. The measurement allows detection of nanowire motion with a rotating frame and reveals dual fundamental resonant modes in two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes. A universal ratio between the resonant frequencies of these two fundamental modes, irrespective of their dimensions, is observed and attributed to an isosceles cross section of GaN NWs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvA..82f2309A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhRvA..82f2309A"><span>Experimental quantum-cryptography scheme based on <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Avella, Alessio; Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro; Genovese, Marco; Gramegna, Marco; Traina, Paolo</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Since, in general, nonorthogonal states cannot be cloned, any eavesdropping attempt in a quantum-communication scheme using nonorthogonal states as carriers of information introduces some errors in the transmission, leading to the possibility of detecting the spy. Usually, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states are not used in quantum-cryptography schemes since they can be faithfully cloned without altering the transmitted data. Nevertheless, L. Goldberg and L. Vaidman [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1239 75, 1239 (1995)] proposed a protocol in which, even if the data exchange is realized using two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states, any attempt to eavesdrop is detectable by the legal users. In this scheme the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states are superpositions of two localized wave packets traveling along separate channels. Here we present an experiment realizing this scheme.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1904b0006S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1904b0006S"><span>Application of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> optimization on the cassava starch wastewater electrocoagulation using batch recycle method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sudibyo, Hermida, L.; Suwardi</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Tapioca waste water is very difficult to treat; hence many tapioca factories could not treat it well. One of method which able to overcome this problem is electrodeposition. This process has high performance when it conducted using batch recycle process and use aluminum bipolar electrode. However, the optimum operation conditions are having a significant effect in the tapioca wastewater treatment using bath recycle process. In this research, The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was successfully applied to know the optimum condition and the interaction between parameters in electrocoagulation process. The results show that current density, conductivity, electrode distance, and pH have a significant effect on the turbidity removal of cassava starch waste water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27837967','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27837967"><span>Predicting the Fine Particle Fraction of Dry Powder Inhalers Using Artificial Neural Networks.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Muddle, Joanna; Kirton, Stewart B; Parisini, Irene; Muddle, Andrew; Murnane, Darragh; Ali, Jogoth; Brown, Marc; Page, Clive; Forbes, Ben</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Dry powder inhalers are increasingly popular for delivering drugs to the lungs for the treatment of respiratory diseases, but are complex products with multivariate performance determinants. Heuristic product development guided by in vitro aerosol performance testing is a costly and time-consuming process. This study investigated the feasibility of using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict fine particle fraction (FPF) based on formulation device variables. Thirty-one ANN architectures were evaluated for their ability to predict experimentally determined FPF for a self-consistent dataset containing salmeterol xinafoate and salbutamol sulfate dry powder inhalers (237 experimental observations). Principal component analysis was used to identify inputs that significantly affected FPF. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">arrays</span> (OAs) were used to design ANN architectures, optimized using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method. The primary OA ANN r 2 values ranged between 0.46 and 0.90 and the secondary OA increased the r 2  values (0.53-0.93). The optimum ANN (9-4-1 architecture, average r 2 0.92 ± 0.02) included active pharmaceutical ingredient, formulation, and device inputs identified by principal component analysis, which reflected the recognized importance and interdependency of these factors for orally inhaled product performance. The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was effective at identifying successful architecture with the potential for development as a useful generic inhaler ANN model, although this would require much larger datasets and more variable inputs. Copyright © 2016 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SuMi...52.1131Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SuMi...52.1131Y"><span>The structure and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, W. J.; Hsu, C. Y.; Liu, Y. W.; Hsu, R. Q.; Lu, T. W.; Hu, C. C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>This paper seeks to determine the optimal settings for the deposition parameters, for TiO2 thin film, prepared on non-alkali glass substrates, by direct current (dc) sputtering, using a ceramic TiO2 target in an argon gas environment. An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>, the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance are used to analyze the effect of the deposition parameters. Using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method for design of a robust experiment, the interactions between factors are also investigated. The main deposition parameters, such as dc power (W), sputtering pressure (Pa), substrate temperature (°C) and deposition time (min), were optimized, with reference to the structure and photocatalytic characteristics of TiO2. The results of this study show that substrate temperature and deposition time have the most significant effect on photocatalytic performance. For the optimal combination of deposition parameters, the (1 1 0) and (2 0 0) peaks of the rutile structure and the (2 0 0) peak of the anatase structure were observed, at 2θ ˜ 27.4°, 39.2° and 48°, respectively. The experimental results illustrate that the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method allowed a suitable solution to the problem, with the minimum number of trials, compared to a full factorial design. The adhesion of the coatings was also measured and evaluated, via a scratch test. Superior wear behavior was observed, for the TiO2 film, because of the increased strength of the interface of micro-blasted tools.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24861311','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24861311"><span>Enhancement of tannase production by Lactobacillus plantarum CIR1: validation in gas-lift bioreactor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aguilar-Zarate, Pedro; Cruz-Hernandez, Mario A; Montañez, Julio C; Belmares-Cerda, Ruth E; Aguilar, Cristobal N</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>The optimization of tannase production by Lactobacillus plantarum CIR1 was carried out following the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> methodology. The <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> employed was L18 (2(1) × 3(5)) considering six important factors (pH and temperature, also phosphate, nitrogen, magnesium, and carbon sources) for tannase biosynthesis. The experimental results obtained from 18 trials were processed using the software Statistical version 7.1 using the character higher the better. Optimal culture conditions were pH, 6; temperature, 40 °C; tannic acid, 15.0 g/L; KH2PO4, 1.5 g/L; NH4Cl, 7.0 g/L; and MgSO4, 1.5 g/L which were obtained and further validated resulting in an enhance tannase yield of 2.52-fold compared with unoptimized conditions. Tannase production was further carried out in a 1-L gas-lift bioreactor where two nitrogen flows (0.5 and 1.0 vvm) were used to provide anaerobic conditions. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> methodology allowed obtaining the optimal culture conditions for the production of tannase by L. plantarum CIR1. At the gas-lift bioreactor the tannase productivity yields increase 5.17 and 8.08-fold for the flow rates of 0.5 and 1.0 vvm, respectively. Lactobacillus plantarum CIR1 has the capability to produce tannase at laboratory-scale. This is the first report for bacterial tannase production using a gas-lift bioreactor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345542"><span>Design of almost symmetric <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelet filter bank via direct optimization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Murugesan, Selvaraaju; Tay, David B H</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>It is a well-known fact that (compact-support) dyadic wavelets [based on the two channel filter banks (FBs)] cannot be simultaneously <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and symmetric. Although <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelets have the energy preservation property, biorthogonal wavelets are preferred in image processing applications because of their symmetric property. In this paper, a novel method is presented for the design of almost symmetric <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelet FB. <span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> is structurally imposed by using the unnormalized lattice structure, and this leads to an objective function, which is relatively simple to optimize. The designed filters have good frequency response, flat group delay, almost symmetric filter coefficients, and symmetric wavelet function.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..100a2134M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES..100a2134M"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> optimization of a water hydraulic pilot-operated pressure-reducing valve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mao, Xuyao; Wu, Chao; Li, Bin; Wu, Di</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In order to optimize the comprehensive characteristics of a water hydraulic pilot-operated pressure-reducing valve, numerical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> experimental design was adopted. Six parameters of the valve, containing diameters of damping plugs, volume of spring chamber, half cone angle of main spool, half cone angle of pilot spool, mass of main spool and diameter of main spool, were selected as the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> factors, and each factor has five different levels. An index of flowrate stability, pressure stability and pressure overstrike stability (iFPOS) was used to judge the merit of each <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> attempt. Embedded <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> process turned up and a final optimal combination of these parameters was obtained after totally 50 numerical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> experiments. iFPOS could be low to a fairly low value which meant that the valve could have much better stabilities. During the optimization, it was also found the diameters of damping plugs and main spool played important roles in stability characteristics of the valve.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/988159','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/988159"><span>Compositions of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> glutamyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs and uses thereof</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Anderson, J Christopher [San Francisco, CA; Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA; Santoro, Stephen [Cambridge, MA</p> <p>2009-05-05</p> <p>Compositions and methods of producing components of protein biosynthetic machinery that include glutamyl <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, glutamyl <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of glutamyl tRNAs/synthetases are provided. Methods for identifying these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided along with methods of producing proteins using these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=calculus+AND+vectors&pg=5&id=EJ106436','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=calculus+AND+vectors&pg=5&id=EJ106436"><span>Three-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Co-ordinates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Astin, J.</p> <p>1974-01-01</p> <p>A systematic approach to general <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> co-ordinates, suitable for use near the end of a beginning vector analysis course, is presented. It introduces students to tensor quantities and shows how equations and quantities needed in classical problems can be determined. (Author/LS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475358','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475358"><span>Stable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> local discriminant embedding for linear dimensionality reduction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gao, Quanxue; Ma, Jingjie; Zhang, Hailin; Gao, Xinbo; Liu, Yamin</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>Manifold learning is widely used in machine learning and pattern recognition. However, manifold learning only considers the similarity of samples belonging to the same class and ignores the within-class variation of data, which will impair the generalization and stableness of the algorithms. For this purpose, we construct an adjacency graph to model the intraclass variation that characterizes the most important properties, such as diversity of patterns, and then incorporate the diversity into the discriminant objective function for linear dimensionality reduction. Finally, we introduce the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> constraint for the basis vectors and propose an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> algorithm called stable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> local discriminate embedding. Experimental results on several standard image databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dimensionality reduction approach.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G13A0988Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G13A0988Z"><span>Non-<span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> of Seafloor Spreading: A New Look at Fast Spreading Centers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, T.; Gordon, R. G.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Most of Earth's surface is created by seafloor spreading. While most seafloor spreading is <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>, that is, the strike of mid-ocean ridge segments is perpendicular to nearby transform faults, examples of significant non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> have been noted since the 1970s, in particular in regions of slow seafloor spreading such as the western Gulf of Aden with non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> up to 45°. In contrast, here we focus on fast and ultra-fast seafloor spreading along the East Pacific Rise. To estimate non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, we compare ridge-segment strikes with the direction of plate motion determined from the angular velocity that best fits all the data along the boundary of a single plate pair [DeMets et al., 2010]. The advantages of this approach include greater accuracy and the ability to estimate non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> where there are no nearby transform faults. Estimating the strikes of fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge segments present several challenges as non-transform offsets on various scales affect the estimate of the strike. While spreading is <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> or nearly <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> along much of the East Pacific Rise, some ridge segments along the Pacific-Nazca boundary near 30°S and near 16°S-22°S deviate from <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> by as much as 6°-12° even when we exclude the portions of mid-ocean ridge segments involved in overlapping spreading centers. Thus modest but significant non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> occurs where seafloor spreading is the fastest on the planet. If a plume lies near the ridge segment, we assume it contributes to magma overpressure along the ridge segment [Abelson & Agnon, 1997]. We further assume that the contribution to magma overpressure is proportional to the buoyancy flux of the plume [Sleep, 1990] and inversely proportional to the distance between the mid-ocean ridge segment and a given plume. We find that the non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> angle tends to decrease with increasing spreading rate and with increasing distance between ridge segment and plume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1172684','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1172684"><span>Velocity field calculation for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> numerical grids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Flach, G. P.</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Computational grids containing cell faces that do not align with an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> (e.g. Cartesian, cylindrical) coordinate system are routinely encountered in porous-medium numerical simulations. Such grids are referred to in this study as non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> grids because some cell faces are not <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to a coordinate system plane (e.g. xy, yz or xz plane in Cartesian coordinates). Non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> grids are routinely encountered at the Savannah River Site in porous-medium flow simulations for Performance Assessments and groundwater flow modeling. Examples include grid lines that conform to the sloping roof of a waste tank or disposal unit in a 2D Performance Assessment simulation,more » and grid surfaces that conform to undulating stratigraphic surfaces in a 3D groundwater flow model. Particle tracking is routinely performed after a porous-medium numerical flow simulation to better understand the dynamics of the flow field and/or as an approximate indication of the trajectory and timing of advective solute transport. Particle tracks are computed by integrating the velocity field from cell to cell starting from designated seed (starting) positions. An accurate velocity field is required to attain accurate particle tracks. However, many numerical simulation codes report only the volumetric flowrate (e.g. PORFLOW) and/or flux (flowrate divided by area) crossing cell faces. For an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> grid, the normal flux at a cell face is a component of the Darcy velocity vector in the coordinate system, and the pore velocity for particle tracking is attained by dividing by water content. For a non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> grid, the flux normal to a cell face that lies outside a coordinate plane is not a true component of velocity with respect to the coordinate system. Nonetheless, normal fluxes are often taken as Darcy velocity components, either naively or with accepted approximation. To enable accurate particle tracking or otherwise present an accurate depiction of the velocity field for a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176285','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176285"><span>Methods and composition for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyltRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G.; Wang, Lei; Anderson, John Christopher; Chin, Jason; Liu, David R.; Magliery, Thomas J.; Meggers, Eric L.; Mehl, Ryan Aaron; Pastrnak, Miro; Santoro, Stephen William; Zhang, Zhiwen</p> <p>2010-05-11</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1042628','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1042628"><span>Methods and composition for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyltRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA; Wang, Lei [San Diego, CA; Anderson, John Christopher [San Diego, CA; Chin, Jason [Cambridge, GB; Liu, David R [Lexington, MA; Magliery, Thomas J [North Haven, CT; Meggers, Eric L [Philadelphia, PA; Mehl, Ryan Aaron [Lancaster, PA; Pastrnak, Miro [San Diego, CA; Santoro, Steven William [Cambridge, MA; Zhang, Zhiwen [San Diego, CA</p> <p>2012-05-22</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/985668','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/985668"><span>Methods and composition for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyltRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA; Wang, Lei [San Diego, CA; Anderson, John Christopher [San Diego, CA; Chin, Jason [Cambridge, GB; Liu, David R [Lexington, MA; Magliery, Thomas J [North Haven, CT; Meggers, Eric L [Philadelphia, PA; Mehl, Ryan Aaron [Lancaster, PA; Pastrnak, Miro [San Diego, CA; Santoro, Steven William [Cambridge, MA; Zhang, Zhiwen [San Diego, CA</p> <p>2008-04-08</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988RpMP...26..121N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988RpMP...26..121N"><span>On the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> dissipative lax-phillips scattering theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neidhardt, Hagen</p> <p>1988-08-01</p> <p>The paper is devoted to the so-called <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> dissipative Lax-Phillips scattering theory. A parametrization of all possible <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> dissipative Lax-Phillips scattering theories is obtained in terms of ordered 6-tuples consisting of unilateral shifts and contractions which can be, roughly speaking, freely chosen. In this parametrization the wave and scattering operators as well as the scattering matrix are explicitly calculated. Moreover, a description of all analytical contraction-valued functions admitting a Darlington synthesis is found.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29393696','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29393696"><span>Non-<span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Corneal Astigmatism among Normal and Keratoconic Brazilian and Chinese populations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abass, Ahmed; Clamp, John; Bao, FangJun; Ambrósio, Renato; Elsheikh, Ahmed</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>To investigate the prevalence of non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> astigmatism among normal and keratoconic Brazilian and Chinese populations. Topography data were obtained using the Pentacam High Resolution (HR) system ® from 458 Brazilian (aged 35.6 ± 15.8 years) and 505 Chinese (aged 31.6 ± 10.8 years) eyes with no history of keratoconus or refractive surgery, and 314 Brazilian (aged 24.2 ± 5.7 years) and 74 Chinese (aged 22.0 ± 5.5 years) keratoconic eyes. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> values of optical flat and steep powers were determined by finding the angular positions of two perpendicular meridians that gave the maximum difference in power. Additionally, the angular positions of the meridians with the minimum and maximum optical powers were located while being unrestricted by the usual <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> assumption. Eyes were determined to have non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> astigmatism if the angle between the two meridians with maximum and minimum optical power deviated by more than 5° from 90°. Evidence of non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> astigmatism was found in 39% of the Brazilian keratoconic eyes, 26% of the Chinese keratoconic eyes, 29% of the Brazilian normal eyes and 20% of the Chinese normal eyes. The large percentage of participants with non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> astigmatism in both normal and keratoconic eyes illustrates the need for the common <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> assumption to be reviewed when correcting for astigmatism. The prevalence of non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> should be considered by expanding the prescription system to consider the two power meridians and their independent positions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697992','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697992"><span>Subjective ranking of concert halls substantiated through <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> objective parameters.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cerdá, Salvador; Giménez, Alicia; Cibrián, Rosa; Girón, Sara; Zamarreño, Teófilo</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>This paper studies the global subjective assessment, obtained from mean values of the results of surveys addressed to members of the audience of live concerts in Spanish auditoriums, through the mean values of the three <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> objective parameters (Tmid, IACCE3, and LEV), expressed in just noticeable differences (JNDs), regarding the best-valued hall. Results show that a linear combination of the relative variations of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> parameters can largely explain the overall perceived quality of the sample. However, the mean values of certain <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> parameters are not representative, which shows that an alternative approach to the problem is necessary. Various possibilities are proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JCoAM.127..267M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JCoAM.127..267M"><span>Quadratures with multiple nodes, power <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, and moment-preserving spline approximation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Milovanovic, Gradimir V.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Quadrature formulas with multiple nodes, power <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, and some applications of such quadratures to moment-preserving approximation by defective splines are considered. An account on power <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> (s- and [sigma]-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials) and generalized Gaussian quadratures with multiple nodes, including stable algorithms for numerical construction of the corresponding polynomials and Cotes numbers, are given. In particular, the important case of Chebyshev weight is analyzed. Finally, some applications in moment-preserving approximation of functions by defective splines are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1931c0029W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1931c0029W"><span>Multi response optimization of internal grinding process parameters for outer ring using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method and PCR-TOPSIS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wisnuadi, Alief Regyan; Damayanti, Retno Wulan; Pujiyanto, Eko</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Bearing is one of the most widely used parts in automotive industry. One of the leading bearing manufacturing companies in the world is SKF Indonesia. This company must produce bearing with international standard. SKF Indonesia must do continuous improvement in order to face competition. During this time, SKF Indonesia is only performing quality control at its Quality Assurance department. In other words, quality improvement at SKF Indonesia has not been done thoroughly. The purpose of this research is to improve quality of outer ring product at SKF Indonesia by conducting an internal grinding process experiment about setting speed ratio, fine position, and spark out grinding time. The specific purpose of this experiment is to optimize some quality responses such as roughness, roundness, and cycle time. All of the response in this experiment were smaller the better. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method and PCR-TOPSIS are used for the optimization process. The result of this research shows that by using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method and PCR-TOPSIS, the optimum condition occurs on speed ratio 36, fine position 18 µm/s and spark out 0.5 s. The optimum conditions result were roughness 0.398 µm, roundness 1.78 µm and cycle time 8.1 s. This results have been better than the previous results and meet the standards. The roughness of 0.523 µm decrease to 0.398 µm and the average cycle time of 8.5 s decrease to 8.1 s.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.962a2010V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.962a2010V"><span>Optimization of Parameters for Manufacture Nanopowder Bioceramics at Machine Pulverisette 6 by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> and ANOVA Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Van Hoten, Hendri; Gunawarman; Mulyadi, Ismet Hari; Kurniawan Mainil, Afdhal; Putra, Bismantoloa dan</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>This research is about manufacture nanopowder Bioceramics from local materials used Ball Milling for biomedical applications. Source materials for the manufacture of medicines are plants, animal tissues, microbial structures and engineering biomaterial. The form of raw material medicines is a powder before mixed. In the case of medicines, research is to find sources of biomedical materials that will be in the nanoscale powders can be used as raw material for medicine. One of the biomedical materials that can be used as raw material for medicine is of the type of bioceramics is chicken eggshells. This research will develop methods for manufacture nanopowder material from chicken eggshells with Ball Milling using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method and ANOVA. Eggshell milled using a variation of Milling rate on 150, 200 and 250 rpm, the time variation of 1, 2 and 3 hours and variations the grinding balls to eggshell powder weight ratio (BPR) 1: 6, 1: 8, 1: 10. Before milled with Ball Milling crushed eggshells in advance and calcinate to a temperature of 900°C. After the milled material characterization of the fine powder of eggshell using SEM to see its size. The result of this research is optimum parameter of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Design analysis that is 250 rpm milling rate, 3 hours milling time and BPR is 1: 6 with the average eggshell powder size is 1.305 μm. Milling speed, milling time and ball to powder weight of ratio have contribution successively equal to 60.82%, 30.76% and 6.64% by error equal to 1.78%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1013813','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1013813"><span>Compositions of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs and uses thereof</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Anderson, J Christopher [San Francisco, CA; Wu, Ning [Brookline, MA; Santoro, Stephen [Cambridge, MA; Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA</p> <p>2009-12-29</p> <p>Compositions and methods of producing components of protein biosynthetic machinery that include <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of lysyl-tRNAs/synthetases, which incorporate homoglutamines into proteins are provided in response to a four base codon. Methods for identifying these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided along with methods of producing proteins with homoglutamines using these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1029285','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1029285"><span>Compositions of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs and uses thereof</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Anderson, J Christopher [San Francisco, CA; Wu, Ning [Brookline, MA; Santoro, Stephen [Cambridge, MA; Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA</p> <p>2011-10-04</p> <p>Compositions and methods of producing components of protein biosynthetic machinery that include <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of lysyl-tRNAs/synthetases, which incorporate homoglutamines into proteins are provided in response to a four base codon. Methods for identifying these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided along with methods of producing proteins with homoglutamines using these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1013645','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1013645"><span>Compositions of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs and uses thereof</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Anderson, J Christopher [San Francisco, CA; Wu, Ning [Brookline, MA; Santoro, Stephen [Cambridge, MA; Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA</p> <p>2009-08-18</p> <p>Compositions and methods of producing components of protein biosynthetic machinery that include <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> lysyl-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of lysyl-tRNAs/synthetases, which incorporate homoglutamines into proteins are provided in response to a four base codon. Methods for identifying these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided along with methods of producing proteins with homoglutamines using these <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..184a2047H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..184a2047H"><span>Surface Roughness Optimization Using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method of High Speed End Milling For Hardened Steel D2</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hazza Faizi Al-Hazza, Muataz; Ibrahim, Nur Asmawiyah bt; Adesta, Erry T. Y.; Khan, Ahsan Ali; Abdullah Sidek, Atiah Bt.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>The main challenge for any manufacturer is to achieve higher quality of their final products with maintains minimum machining time. In this research final surface roughness analysed and optimized with maximum 0.3 mm flank wear length. The experiment was investigated the effect of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the final surface roughness using D2 as a work piece hardened to 52-56 HRC, and coated carbide as cutting tool with higher cutting speed 120-240 mm/min. The experiment has been conducted using L9 design of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> collection. The results have been analysed using JMP software.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110011534&hterms=InSAR&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DInSAR','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110011534&hterms=InSAR&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DInSAR"><span>UAVSAR Phased <span class="hlt">Array</span> Aperture</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Chamberlain, Neil; Zawadzki, Mark; Sadowy, Greg; Oakes, Eric; Brown, Kyle; Hodges, Richard</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes the development of a patch antenna <span class="hlt">array</span> for an L-band repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) instrument that is to be flown on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The antenna operates at a center frequency of 1.2575 GHz and with a bandwidth of 80 MHz, consistent with a number of radar instruments that JPL has previously flown. The antenna is designed to radiate <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> linear polarizations in order to facilitate fully-polarimetric measurements. Beam-pointing requirements for repeat-pass SAR interferometry necessitate electronic scanning in azimuth over a range of -20degrees in order to compensate for aircraft yaw. Beam-steering is accomplished by transmit/receive (T/R) modules and a beamforming network implemented in a stripline circuit board. This paper, while providing an overview of phased <span class="hlt">array</span> architecture, focuses on the electromagnetic design of the antenna tiles and associated interconnects. An important aspect of the design of this antenna is that it has an amplitude taper of 10dB in the elevation direction. This is to reduce multipath reflections from the wing that would otherwise be detrimental to interferometric radar measurements. This taper is provided by coupling networks in the interconnect circuits as opposed to attenuating the output of the T/R modules. Details are given of material choices and fabrication techniques that meet the demanding environmental conditions that the antenna must operate in. Predicted <span class="hlt">array</span> performance is reported in terms of co-polarized and crosspolarized far-field antenna patterns, and also in terms of active reflection coefficient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22608478-nitric-acid-treated-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-optimized-taguchi-method','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22608478-nitric-acid-treated-multi-walled-carbon-nanotubes-optimized-taguchi-method"><span>Nitric acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes optimized by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Shamsuddin, Shahidah Arina; Hashim, Uda; Halim, Nur Hamidah Abdul</p> <p></p> <p>Electron transfer rate (ETR) of CNTs can be enhanced by increasing the amounts of COOH groups to their wall and opened tips. With the aim to achieve the highest production amount of COOH, <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> robust design has been used for the first time to optimize the surface modification of MWCNTs by nitric acid oxidation. Three main oxidation parameters which are concentration of acid, treatment temperature and treatment time have been selected as the control factors that will be optimized. The amounts of COOH produced are measured by using FTIR spectroscopy through the absorbance intensity. From the analysis, we found thatmore » acid concentration and treatment time had the most important influence on the production of COOH. Meanwhile, the treatment temperature will only give intermediate effect. The optimum amount of COOH can be achieved with the treatment by 8.0 M concentration of nitric acid at 120 °C for 2 hour.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJE...103..667N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016IJE...103..667N"><span>Application of neural networks with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> activation functions in control of dynamical systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nikolić, Saša S.; Antić, Dragan S.; Milojković, Marko T.; Milovanović, Miroslav B.; Perić, Staniša Lj.; Mitić, Darko B.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>In this article, we present a new method for the synthesis of almost and quasi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials of arbitrary order. Filters designed on the bases of these functions are generators of generalised quasi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> signals for which we derived and presented necessary mathematical background. Based on theoretical results, we designed and practically implemented generalised first-order (k = 1) quasi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> filter and proved its quasi-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> via performed experiments. Designed filters can be applied in many scientific areas. In this article, generated functions were successfully implemented in Nonlinear Auto Regressive eXogenous (NARX) neural network as activation functions. One practical application of the designed <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> neural network is demonstrated through the example of control of the complex technical non-linear system - laboratory magnetic levitation system. Obtained results were compared with neural networks with standard activation functions and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> functions of trigonometric shape. The proposed network demonstrated superiority over existing solutions in the sense of system performances.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4685923','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4685923"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> chemical functionalization of patterned gold on silica surfaces</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Léonard, Didier; Le Mogne, Thierry; Zuttion, Francesca; Chevalier, Céline; Phaner-Goutorbe, Magali; Souteyrand, Éliane</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Summary Single-step <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> chemical functionalization procedures have been developed with patterned gold on silica surfaces. Different combinations of a silane and a thiol were simultaneously deposited on a gold/silica heterogeneous substrate. The <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of the functionalization (i.e., selective grafting of the thiol on the gold areas and the silane on the silica) was demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) mapping. The <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> functionalization was used to immobilize proteins onto gold nanostructures on a silica substrate, as demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These results are especially promising in the development of future biosensors where the selective anchoring of target molecules onto nanostructured transducers (e.g., nanoplasmonic biosensors) is a major challenge. PMID:26734519</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060439','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21060439"><span>Encrypted holographic data storage based on <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-phase-code multiplexing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Heanue, J F; Bashaw, M C; Hesselink, L</p> <p>1995-09-10</p> <p>We describe an encrypted holographic data-storage system that combines <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-phase-code multiplexing with a random-phase key. The system offers the security advantages of random-phase coding but retains the low cross-talk performance and the minimum code storage requirements typical in an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-phase-code-multiplexing system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010OptCo.283..932Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010OptCo.283..932Z"><span>Experimental demonstration of tunable multiple optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> codes sequences-based optical label for optical packets switching</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Chongfu; Qiu, Kun; Zhou, Heng; Ling, Yun; Wang, Yawei; Xu, Bo</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>In this paper, the tunable multiple optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> codes sequences (MOOCS)-based optical label for optical packet switching (OPS) (MOOCS-OPS) is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The tunable MOOCS-based optical label is performed by using fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based optical en/decoders group and optical switches configured by using Field Programmable Gate <span class="hlt">Array</span> (FPGA), and the optical label is erased by using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA). Some waveforms of the MOOCS-based optical label, optical packet including the MOOCS-based optical label and the payloads are obtained, the switching control mechanism and the switching matrix are discussed, the bit error rate (BER) performance of this system is also studied. These experimental results show that the tunable MOOCS-OPS scheme is effective.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JCoAM.207..338M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JCoAM.207..338M"><span>A note on the zeros of Freud-Sobolev <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Moreno-Balcazar, Juan J.</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>We prove that the zeros of a certain family of Sobolev <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials involving the Freud weight function e-x4 on are real, simple, and interlace with the zeros of the Freud polynomials, i.e., those polynomials <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> with respect to the weight function e-x4. Some numerical examples are shown.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25401259','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25401259"><span>Comparative assessment of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials for wavefront reconstruction over the square aperture.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ye, Jingfei; Gao, Zhishan; Wang, Shuai; Cheng, Jinlong; Wang, Wei; Sun, Wenqing</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Four <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials for reconstructing a wavefront over a square aperture based on the modal method are currently available, namely, the 2D Chebyshev polynomials, 2D Legendre polynomials, Zernike square polynomials and Numerical polynomials. They are all <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> over the full unit square domain. 2D Chebyshev polynomials are defined by the product of Chebyshev polynomials in x and y variables, as are 2D Legendre polynomials. Zernike square polynomials are derived by the Gram-Schmidt <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> process, where the integration region across the full unit square is circumscribed outside the unit circle. Numerical polynomials are obtained by numerical calculation. The presented study is to compare these four <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials by theoretical analysis and numerical experiments from the aspects of reconstruction accuracy, remaining errors, and robustness. Results show that the Numerical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomial is superior to the other three polynomials because of its high accuracy and robustness even in the case of a wavefront with incomplete data.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1285..286L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1285..286L"><span>Constrained Response Surface Optimisation and <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Methods for Precisely Atomising Spraying Process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Luangpaiboon, P.; Suwankham, Y.; Homrossukon, S.</p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>This research presents a development of a design of experiment technique for quality improvement in automotive manufacturing industrial. The quality of interest is the colour shade, one of the key feature and exterior appearance for the vehicles. With low percentage of first time quality, the manufacturer has spent a lot of cost for repaired works as well as the longer production time. To permanently dissolve such problem, the precisely spraying condition should be optimized. Therefore, this work will apply the full factorial design, the multiple regression, the constrained response surface optimization methods or CRSOM, and <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s method to investigate the significant factors and to determine the optimum factor level in order to improve the quality of paint shop. Firstly, 2κ full factorial was employed to study the effect of five factors including the paint flow rate at robot setting, the paint levelling agent, the paint pigment, the additive slow solvent, and non volatile solid at spraying of atomizing spraying machine. The response values of colour shade at 15 and 45 degrees were measured using spectrophotometer. Then the regression models of colour shade at both degrees were developed from the significant factors affecting each response. Consequently, both regression models were placed into the form of linear programming to maximize the colour shade subjected to 3 main factors including the pigment, the additive solvent and the flow rate. Finally, <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s method was applied to determine the proper level of key variable factors to achieve the mean value target of colour shade. The factor of non volatile solid was found to be one more additional factor at this stage. Consequently, the proper level of all factors from both experiment design methods were used to set a confirmation experiment. It was found that the colour shades, both visual at 15 and 45 angel of measurement degrees of spectrophotometer, were nearly closed to the target and the defective at</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1223701','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1223701"><span>Methods and compositions for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G.; Wang, Lei; Anderson, John Christopher</p> <p>2015-10-20</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175855','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175855"><span>Methods and compositions for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter; Wang, Lei; Anderson, John Christopher; Chin, Jason; Liu, David R.; Magliery, Thomas J.; Meggers, Eric L.; Mehl, Ryan Aaron; Pastrnak, Miro; Santoro, Stephen William; Zhang, Zhiwen</p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1043907','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1043907"><span>Methods and composition for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA; Wang, Lei [San Diego, CA; Anderson, John Christopher [San Diego, CA; Chin, Jason W [San Diego, CA; Liu, David R [Lexington, MA; Magliery, Thomas J [North Haven, CT; Meggers, Eric L [Philadelphia, PA; Mehl, Ryan Aaron [San Diego, CA; Pastrnak, Miro [San Diego, CA; Santoro, Stephen William [San Diego, CA; Zhang, Zhiwen [San Diego, CA</p> <p>2012-05-08</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1027459','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1027459"><span>Methods and compositions for the production of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G [La Jolla, CA; Wang, Lei [San Diego, CA; Anderson, John Christopher [San Diego, CA; Chin, Jason W [San Diego, CA; Liu, David R [Lexington, MA; Magliery, Thomas J [North Haven, CT; Meggers, Eric L [Philadelphia, PA; Mehl, Ryan Aaron [San Diego, CA; Pastrnak, Miro [San Diego, CA; Santoro, Stephen William [San Diego, CA; Zhang, Zhiwen [San Diego, CA</p> <p>2011-09-06</p> <p>This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120010441','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120010441"><span>Next-Generation Microshutter <span class="hlt">Arrays</span> for Large-Format Imaging and Spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Moseley, Samuel; Kutyrev, Alexander; Brown, Ari; Li, Mary</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A next-generation microshutter <span class="hlt">array</span>, LArge Microshutter <span class="hlt">Array</span> (LAMA), was developed as a multi-object field selector. LAMA consists of small-scaled microshutter <span class="hlt">arrays</span> that can be combined to form large-scale microshutter <span class="hlt">array</span> mosaics. Microshutter actuation is accomplished via electrostatic attraction between the shutter and a counter electrode, and 2D addressing can be accomplished by applying an electrostatic potential between a row of shutters and a column, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the row, of counter electrodes. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology is used to fabricate the microshutter <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. The main feature of the microshutter device is to use a set of standard surface micromachining processes for device fabrication. Electrostatic actuation is used to eliminate the need for macromechanical magnet actuating components. A simplified electrostatic actuation with no macro components (e.g. moving magnets) required for actuation and latching of the shutters will make the microshutter <span class="hlt">arrays</span> robust and less prone to mechanical failure. Smaller-size individual <span class="hlt">arrays</span> will help to increase the yield and thus reduce the cost and improve robustness of the fabrication process. Reducing the size of the individual shutter <span class="hlt">array</span> to about one square inch and building the large-scale mosaics by tiling these smaller-size <span class="hlt">arrays</span> would further help to reduce the cost of the device due to the higher yield of smaller devices. The LAMA development is based on prior experience acquired while developing microshutter <span class="hlt">arrays</span> for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), but it will have different features. The LAMA modular design permits large-format mosaicking to cover a field of view at least 50 times larger than JWST MSA. The LAMA electrostatic, instead of magnetic, actuation enables operation cycles at least 100 times faster and a mass significantly smaller compared to JWST MSA. Also, standard surface micromachining technology will simplify the fabrication process, increasing</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSP...171..980A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JSP...171..980A"><span>Quantitative Boltzmann-Gibbs Principles via <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomial Duality</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ayala, Mario; Carinci, Gioia; Redig, Frank</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We study fluctuation fields of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials in the context of particle systems with duality. We thereby obtain a systematic <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> decomposition of the fluctuation fields of local functions, where the order of every term can be quantified. This implies a quantitative generalization of the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle. In the context of independent random walkers, we complete this program, including also fluctuation fields in non-stationary context (local equilibrium). For other interacting particle systems with duality such as the symmetric exclusion process, similar results can be obtained, under precise conditions on the n particle dynamics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JCoAM.133...47D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JCoAM.133...47D"><span>A Riemann-Hilbert approach to asymptotic questions for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deift, P.; Kriecherbauer, T.; McLaughlin, K. T.-R.; Venakides, S.; Zhou, X.</p> <p>2001-08-01</p> <p>A few years ago the authors introduced a new approach to study asymptotic questions for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials. In this paper we give an overview of our method and review the results which have been obtained in Deift et al. (Internat. Math. Res. Notices (1997) 759, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 52 (1999) 1491, 1335), Deift (<span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials and Random Matrices: A Riemann-Hilbert Approach, Courant Lecture Notes, Vol. 3, New York University, 1999), Kriecherbauer and McLaughlin (Internat. Math. Res. Notices (1999) 299) and Baik et al. (J. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (1999) 1119). We mainly consider <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials with respect to weights on the real line which are either (1) Freud-type weights d[alpha](x)=e-Q(x) dx (Q polynomial or Q(x)=x[beta], [beta]>0), or (2) varying weights d[alpha]n(x)=e-nV(x) dx (V analytic, limx-->[infinity] V(x)/logx=[infinity]). We obtain Plancherel-Rotach-type asymptotics in the entire complex plane as well as asymptotic formulae with error estimates for the leading coefficients, for the recurrence coefficients, and for the zeros of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials. Our proof starts from an observation of Fokas et al. (Comm. Math. Phys. 142 (1991) 313) that the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials can be determined as solutions of certain matrix valued Riemann-Hilbert problems. We analyze the Riemann-Hilbert problems by a steepest descent type method introduced by Deift and Zhou (Ann. Math. 137 (1993) 295) and further developed in Deift and Zhou (Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 48 (1995) 277) and Deift et al. (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 450). A crucial step in our analysis is the use of the well-known equilibrium measure which describes the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12546147','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12546147"><span>Optimizing the beam pattern of a forward-viewing ring-annular ultrasound <span class="hlt">array</span> for intravascular imaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yao; Stephens, Douglas N; O'Donnell, Matthew</p> <p>2002-12-01</p> <p>Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging systems using circumferential <span class="hlt">arrays</span> mounted on cardiac catheter tips fire beams <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the principal axis of the catheter. The system produces high resolution cross-sectional images but must be guided by conventional angioscopy. A real-time forward-viewing <span class="hlt">array</span>, integrated into the same catheter, could greatly reduce radiation exposure by decreasing angiographic guidance. Unfortunately, the mounting requirement of a catheter guide wire prohibits a full-disk imaging aperture. Given only an annulus of <span class="hlt">array</span> elements, prior theoretical investigations have only considered a circular ring of point transceivers and focusing strategies using all elements in the highly dense <span class="hlt">array</span>, both impractical assumptions. In this paper, we consider a practical <span class="hlt">array</span> geometry and signal processing architecture for a forward-viewing IVUS system. Our specific design uses a total of 210 transceiver firings with synthetic reconstruction for a given 3-D image frame. Simulation results demonstrate this design can achieve side-lobes under -40 dB for on-axis situations and under -30 dB for steering to the edge of a 80 degrees cone.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24993206','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24993206"><span>Comparison of sound reproduction using higher order loudspeakers and equivalent line <span class="hlt">arrays</span> in free-field conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Poletti, Mark A; Betlehem, Terence; Abhayapala, Thushara D</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Higher order sound sources of Nth order can radiate sound with 2N + 1 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> radiation patterns, which can be represented as phase modes or, equivalently, amplitude modes. This paper shows that each phase mode response produces a spiral wave front with a different spiral rate, and therefore a different direction of arrival of sound. Hence, for a given receiver position a higher order source is equivalent to a linear <span class="hlt">array</span> of 2N + 1 monopole sources. This interpretation suggests performance similar to a circular <span class="hlt">array</span> of higher order sources can be produced by an <span class="hlt">array</span> of sources, each of which consists of a line <span class="hlt">array</span> having monopoles at the apparent source locations of the corresponding phase modes. Simulations of higher order <span class="hlt">arrays</span> and <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of equivalent line sources are presented. It is shown that the interior fields produced by the two <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are essentially the same, but that the exterior fields differ because the higher order sources produces different equivalent source locations for field positions outside the <span class="hlt">array</span>. This work provides an explanation of the fact that an <span class="hlt">array</span> of L Nth order sources can reproduce sound fields whose accuracy approaches the performance of (2N + 1)L monopoles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvE..74d6117S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvE..74d6117S"><span>Parallel and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> stimulus in ultradiluted neural networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sobral, G. A., Jr.; Vieira, V. M.; Lyra, M. L.; da Silva, C. R.</p> <p>2006-10-01</p> <p>Extending a model due to Derrida, Gardner, and Zippelius, we have studied the recognition ability of an extreme and asymmetrically diluted version of the Hopfield model for associative memory by including the effect of a stimulus in the dynamics of the system. We obtain exact results for the dynamic evolution of the average network superposition. The stimulus field was considered as proportional to the overlapping of the state of the system with a particular stimulated pattern. Two situations were analyzed, namely, the external stimulus acting on the initialization pattern (parallel stimulus) and the external stimulus acting on a pattern <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the initialization one (<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> stimulus). In both cases, we obtained the complete phase diagram in the parameter space composed of the stimulus field, thermal noise, and network capacity. Our results show that the system improves its recognition ability for parallel stimulus. For <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> stimulus two recognition phases emerge with the system locking at the initialization or stimulated pattern. We confront our analytical results with numerical simulations for the noiseless case T=0 .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4736107','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4736107"><span>Multilayer block copolymer meshes by <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> self-assembly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tavakkoli K. G., Amir; Nicaise, Samuel M.; Gadelrab, Karim R.; Alexander-Katz, Alfredo; Ross, Caroline A.; Berggren, Karl K.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Continued scaling-down of lithographic-pattern feature sizes has brought templated self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) into the forefront of nanofabrication research. Technologies now exist that facilitate significant control over otherwise unorganized assembly of BCP microdomains to form both long-range and locally complex monolayer patterns. In contrast, the extension of this control into multilayers or 3D structures of BCP microdomains remains limited, despite the possible technological applications in next-generation devices. Here, we develop and analyse an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> self-assembly method in which multiple layers of distinct-molecular-weight BCPs naturally produce nanomesh structures of cylindrical microdomains without requiring layer-by-layer alignment or high-resolution lithographic templating. The mechanisms for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> self-assembly are investigated with both experiment and simulation, and we determine that the control over height and chemical preference of templates are critical process parameters. The method is employed to produce nanomeshes with the shapes of circles and Y-intersections, and is extended to produce three layers of <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> oriented cylinders. PMID:26796218</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JAP....91.7789S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JAP....91.7789S"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> fluxgate mechanism operated with dc biased excitation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sasada, I.</p> <p>2002-05-01</p> <p>A mode of operation is presented for an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> fluxgate built with a thin magnetic wire. By adding a proper dc bias to the wire excitation, the new mode is easily established. In this case, the fundamental component of the induced voltage at the sensing coil (secondary voltage) is made sensitive to the axial magnetic field, compared to the second harmonic in a conventional <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> fluxgate. The operating principle is explained using a magnetization rotation model. A method is proposed to cancel the offset that is inevitable when the magnetic anisotropy is present in a magnetic wire at an angle to its circumference. Experimental results are shown for a sensor head consisting of a 2-cm-long Co-based amorphous wire 120 μm in diameter with a 220-turn sensing coil. The sensitivity obtained is higher than that obtained using a conventional type of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> fluxgate built with the same sensor head. It is also demonstrated that the proposed method for canceling the offset works well.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5829568','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5829568"><span>A sigma factor toolbox for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> gene expression in Escherichia coli</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Van Brempt, Maarten; Van Nerom, Katleen; Van Hove, Bob; Maertens, Jo; De Mey, Marjan; Charlier, Daniel</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Synthetic genetic sensors and circuits enable programmable control over timing and conditions of gene expression and, as a result, are increasingly incorporated into the control of complex and multi-gene pathways. Size and complexity of genetic circuits are growing, but stay limited by a shortage of regulatory parts that can be used without interference. Therefore, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> expression and regulation systems are needed to minimize undesired crosstalk and allow for dynamic control of separate modules. This work presents a set of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> expression systems for use in Escherichia coli based on heterologous sigma factors from Bacillus subtilis that recognize specific promoter sequences. Up to four of the analyzed sigma factors can be combined to function <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> between each other and toward the host. Additionally, the toolbox is expanded by creating promoter libraries for three sigma factors without loss of their <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> nature. As this set covers a wide range of transcription initiation frequencies, it enables tuning of multiple outputs of the circuit in response to different sensory signals in an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> manner. This sigma factor toolbox constitutes an interesting expansion of the synthetic biology toolbox and may contribute to the assembly of more complex synthetic genetic systems in the future. PMID:29361130</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=gaussian+AND+elimination&id=EJ433593','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=gaussian+AND+elimination&id=EJ433593"><span>Gram-Schmidt <span class="hlt">Orthogonalization</span> by Gauss Elimination.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Pursell, Lyle; Trimble, S. Y.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Described is the hand-calculation method for the <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> of a given set of vectors through the integration of Gaussian elimination with existing algorithms. Although not numerically preferable, this method adds increased precision as well as organization to the solution process. (JJK)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJMPB..3144046P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017IJMPB..3144046P"><span>Parameter optimization of flux-aided backing-submerged arc welding by using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pu, Juan; Yu, Shengfu; Li, Yuanyuan</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Flux-aided backing-submerged arc welding has been conducted on D36 steel with thickness of 20 mm. The effects of processing parameters such as welding current, voltage, welding speed and groove angle on welding quality were investigated by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method. The optimal welding parameters were predicted and the individual importance of each parameter on welding quality was evaluated by examining the signal-to-noise ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results. The importance order of the welding parameters for the welding quality of weld bead was: welding current > welding speed > groove angle > welding voltage. The welding quality of weld bead increased gradually with increasing welding current and welding speed and decreasing groove angle. The optimum values of the welding current, welding speed, groove angle and welding voltage were found to be 1050 A, 27 cm/min, 40∘ and 34 V, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449625','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449625"><span>Clinical Study of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span>-View Phase-Matched Digital Tomosynthesis for Lung Tumor Localization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, You; Ren, Lei; Vergalasova, Irina; Yin, Fang-Fang</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Compared to cone-beam computed tomography, digital tomosynthesis imaging has the benefits of shorter scanning time, less imaging dose, and better mechanical clearance for tumor localization in radiation therapy. However, for lung tumors, the localization accuracy of the conventional digital tomosynthesis technique is affected by the lack of depth information and the existence of lung tumor motion. This study investigates the clinical feasibility of using an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis technique to improve the accuracy of lung tumor localization. The proposed <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis technique benefits from 2 major features: (1) it acquires <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view projections to improve the depth information in reconstructed digital tomosynthesis images and (2) it applies respiratory phase-matching to incorporate patient motion information into the synthesized reference digital tomosynthesis sets, which helps to improve the localization accuracy of moving lung tumors. A retrospective study enrolling 14 patients was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis technique. Phantom studies were also performed using an anthropomorphic phantom to investigate the feasibility of using intratreatment aggregated kV and beams' eye view cine MV projections for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis imaging. The localization accuracy of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis technique was compared to that of the single-view digital tomosynthesis techniques and the digital tomosynthesis techniques without phase-matching. The <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis technique outperforms the other digital tomosynthesis techniques in tumor localization accuracy for both the patient study and the phantom study. For the patient study, the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-view phase-matched digital tomosynthesis technique localizes the tumor to an average (± standard</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..310a2008M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..310a2008M"><span>Optimization of MR fluid Yield stress using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method and Response Surface Methodology Techniques</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mangal, S. K.; Sharma, Vivek</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Magneto rheological fluids belong to a class of smart materials whose rheological characteristics such as yield stress, viscosity etc. changes in the presence of applied magnetic field. In this paper, optimization of MR fluid constituents is obtained with on-state yield stress as response parameter. For this, 18 samples of MR fluids are prepared using L-18 <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">Array</span>. These samples are experimentally tested on a developed & fabricated electromagnet setup. It has been found that the yield stress of MR fluid mainly depends on the volume fraction of the iron particles and type of carrier fluid used in it. The optimal combination of the input parameters for the fluid are found to be as Mineral oil with a volume percentage of 67%, iron powder of 300 mesh size with a volume percentage of 32%, oleic acid with a volume percentage of 0.5% and tetra-methyl-ammonium-hydroxide with a volume percentage of 0.7%. This optimal combination of input parameters has given the on-state yield stress as 48.197 kPa numerically. An experimental confirmation test on the optimized MR fluid sample has been then carried out and the response parameter thus obtained has found matching quite well (less than 1% error) with the numerically obtained values.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20646448-entanglement-bases-general-structures-orthogonal-complete-bases','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20646448-entanglement-bases-general-structures-orthogonal-complete-bases"><span>Entanglement bases and general structures of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> complete bases</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhong Zaizhe</p> <p>2004-10-01</p> <p>In quantum mechanics and quantum information, to establish the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> bases is a useful means. The existence of unextendible product bases impels us to study the 'entanglement bases' problems. In this paper, the concepts of entanglement bases and exact-entanglement bases are defined, and a theorem about exact-entanglement bases is given. We discuss the general structures of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> complete bases. Two examples of applications are given. At last, we discuss the problem of transformation of the general structure forms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..362a2024F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..362a2024F"><span>Prescription Proportion of Pomegranate Extract Gallic Acid Gel by <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Design</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fan, Gaofu; Liu, Xiushu; Tang, Jie; Gong, Jumei; Fu, Entao; Cai, Yuhua; Xu, Zhenguo</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>The aim of the present work was to optimize the formulation of pomegranate extract gallic acid gel by <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> design. Using <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> design, propylene glycol, carbomer-940 and gel pH level as influencing factors, the evaluation key index was external apearance malleability, uniformity, and eccentric for gel, and the optimum formula was selected. The present findings suggest that 10% propylene glycol, 1.5% Carbopol-940, and gel pH in the range of 4.5∼5.5, and the indexes of the optimal. The inclusion complexes showed that after the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> design, the preparation process was simple, stable and controllable quality, with production feasibility.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907063','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907063"><span><span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> approach for co-gasification optimization of torrefied biomass and coal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Wei-Hsin; Chen, Chih-Jung; Hung, Chen-I</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>This study employs the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method to approach the optimum co-gasification operation of torrefied biomass (eucalyptus) and coal in an entrained flow gasifier. The cold gas efficiency is adopted as the performance index of co-gasification. The influences of six parameters, namely, the biomass blending ratio, oxygen-to-fuel mass ratio (O/F ratio), biomass torrefaction temperature, gasification pressure, steam-to-fuel mass ratio (S/F ratio), and inlet temperature of the carrier gas, on the performance of co-gasification are considered. The analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio suggests that the O/F ratio is the most important factor in determining the performance and the appropriate O/F ratio is 0.7. The performance is also significantly affected by biomass along with torrefaction, where a torrefaction temperature of 300°C is sufficient to upgrade eucalyptus. According to the recommended operating conditions, the values of cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion at the optimum co-gasification are 80.99% and 94.51%, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AcSpA.188..164R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AcSpA.188..164R"><span>Application of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L16 design method for comparative study of ability of 3A zeolite in removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rahmani, Mashaallah; Kaykhaii, Massoud; Sasani, Mojtaba</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of 3A zeolite as a novel adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green dyes from water samples. To increase the removal efficiency, effecting parameters on adsorption process were investigated and optimized by adopting <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design of experiments approach. The percentage contribution of each parameter on the removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green dyes determined using ANOVA and showed that the most effective parameters in removal of RhB and MG by 3A zeolite are initial concentration of dye and pH, respectively. Under optimized condition, the amount predicted by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design method and the value obtained experimentally, showed good closeness (more than 94.86%). Good adsorption efficiency obtained for proposed methods indicates that, the 3A zeolite is capable to remove the significant amounts of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18502432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18502432"><span>Suitable conditions for liquid-phase microextraction using solidification of a floating drop for extraction of fat-soluble vitamins established using an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> experimental design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sobhi, Hamid Reza; Yamini, Yadollah; Esrafili, Ali; Abadi, Reza Haji Hosseini Baghdad</p> <p>2008-07-04</p> <p>A simple, rapid and efficient microextraction method for the extraction and determination of some fat-soluble vitamins (A, D2, D3) in aqueous samples was developed. For the first time <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> designs (OADs) were employed to screen the liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method in which few microliters of 1-undecanol were delivered to the surface of the aqueous sample and it was agitated for a selected time. Then sample vial was cooled by inserting it into an ice bath for 5 min. The solidified solvent was transferred into a suitable vial and immediately melted. Then, the extract was directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis. Several factors affecting the microextraction efficiency such as sample solution temperature, stirring speed, volume of the organic solvent, ionic strength and extraction time were investigated and screened using an OA16 (4(5)) matrix. Under the best conditions (temperature, 55 degrees C; stirring speed, 1000 rpm; the volume of extracting solvent, 15.0 microL; no salt addition and extraction time, 60 min), detection limits of the method were in the range of 1.0-3.5 microgL(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) to determine the vitamins at microg L(-1) levels by applying the proposed method varied in the range of 5.1-10.7%. Dynamic linear ranges of 5-500 mugL(-1) with good correlation coefficients (0.9984<r(2)<0.9991) were observed. Finally, the study was applied to determine the vitamins in several real aqueous samples including mixed juice fruit, urine and tap water samples and relatively good results were obtained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26390483','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26390483"><span>HOLA: Human-like <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Network Layout.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kieffer, Steve; Dwyer, Tim; Marriott, Kim; Wybrow, Michael</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Over the last 50 years a wide variety of automatic network layout algorithms have been developed. Some are fast heuristic techniques suitable for networks with hundreds of thousands of nodes while others are multi-stage frameworks for higher-quality layout of smaller networks. However, despite decades of research currently no algorithm produces layout of comparable quality to that of a human. We give a new "human-centred" methodology for automatic network layout algorithm design that is intended to overcome this deficiency. User studies are first used to identify the aesthetic criteria algorithms should encode, then an algorithm is developed that is informed by these criteria and finally, a follow-up study evaluates the algorithm output. We have used this new methodology to develop an automatic <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> network layout method, HOLA, that achieves measurably better (by user study) layout than the best available <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> layout algorithm and which produces layouts of comparable quality to those produced by hand.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009IEITC..92.2874S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009IEITC..92.2874S"><span>Pilot-Assisted Channel Estimation for <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA with Frequency-Domain Equalization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shima, Tomoyuki; Tomeba, Hiromichi; Adachi, Fumiyuki</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA) is a combination of time-domain spreading and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA, the frequency diversity gain can be obtained by applying frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion to a block of OFDM symbols and can improve the bit error rate (BER) performance in a severe frequency-selective fading channel. FDE requires an accurate estimate of the channel gain. The channel gain can be estimated by removing the pilot modulation in the frequency domain. In this paper, we propose a pilot-assisted channel estimation suitable for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MC DS-CDMA with FDE and evaluate, by computer simulation, the BER performance in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJTP..tmp...37Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJTP..tmp...37Z"><span>New Constructions of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Product Basis Quantum States</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zuo, Huijuan; Liu, Shuxia; Yang, Yinghui</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> basis B9 for the Hilbert space C 3 × C 3 was presented by Bennett et al. (Phys. Rev. A 59, 1070, 1999) which was illustrated in a visual figure in their report. The character of the construction is that each base vector is a product state, thus any distinguishing operator cannot create entanglement. In this paper, we mainly focus on some new constructions of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product basis quantum states in the high-dimensional quantum systems. Especially, as for the quantum system of (2m + 1) ⊗ (2m + 1), where m ∈ Z and m ≥ 2, we have provided the direct construction in mathematical method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PhST...65...84R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PhST...65...84R"><span>The use of complete sets of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> operators in spectroscopic studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Raassen, A. J. J.; Uylings, P. H. M.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>Complete sets of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> operators are used to calculate eigenvalues and eigenvector compositions in complex spectra. The latter are used to transform the LS-transition matrix into realistic intermediate coupling transition probabilities. Calculated transition probabilities for some close lying levels in Ni V and Fe III illustrate the power of the complete <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> operator approach.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21583318-crossover-ensembles-random-matrices-skew-orthogonal-polynomials','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21583318-crossover-ensembles-random-matrices-skew-orthogonal-polynomials"><span>Crossover ensembles of random matrices and skew-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kumar, Santosh, E-mail: skumar.physics@gmail.com; Pandey, Akhilesh, E-mail: ap0700@mail.jnu.ac.in</p> <p>2011-08-15</p> <p>Highlights: > We study crossover ensembles of Jacobi family of random matrices. > We consider correlations for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-unitary and symplectic-unitary crossovers. > We use the method of skew-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials and quaternion determinants. > We prove universality of spectral correlations in crossover ensembles. > We discuss applications to quantum conductance and communication theory problems. - Abstract: In a recent paper (S. Kumar, A. Pandey, Phys. Rev. E, 79, 2009, p. 026211) we considered Jacobi family (including Laguerre and Gaussian cases) of random matrix ensembles and reported exact solutions of crossover problems involving time-reversal symmetry breaking. In the present paper we givemore » details of the work. We start with Dyson's Brownian motion description of random matrix ensembles and obtain universal hierarchic relations among the unfolded correlation functions. For arbitrary dimensions we derive the joint probability density (jpd) of eigenvalues for all transitions leading to unitary ensembles as equilibrium ensembles. We focus on the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-unitary and symplectic-unitary crossovers and give generic expressions for jpd of eigenvalues, two-point kernels and n-level correlation functions. This involves generalization of the theory of skew-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials to crossover ensembles. We also consider crossovers in the circular ensembles to show the generality of our method. In the large dimensionality limit, correlations in spectra with arbitrary initial density are shown to be universal when expressed in terms of a rescaled symmetry breaking parameter. Applications of our crossover results to communication theory and quantum conductance problems are also briefly discussed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..225a2158K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..225a2158K"><span>Study the Effect of SiO2 Based Flux on Dilution in Submerged Arc Welding</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>kumar, Aditya; Maheshwari, Sachin</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>This paper highlights the method for prediction of dilution in submerged arc welding (SAW). The most important factors of weld bead geometry are governed by the weld dilution which controls the chemical and mechanical properties. Submerged arc welding process is used generally due to its very easy control of process variables, good penetration, high weld quality, and smooth finish. Machining parameters, with suitable weld quality can be achieved with the different composition of the flux in the weld. In the present study Si02-Al2O3-CaO flux system was used. In SiO2 based flux NiO, MnO, MgO were mixed in various proportions. The paper investigates the relationship between the process parameters like voltage, % of flux constituents and dilution with the help of Taguchi’s method. The experiments were designed according to <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L9 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>, while varying the voltage at two different levels in addition to alloying elements. Then the optimal results conditions were verified by confirmatory experiments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3886244','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3886244"><span>The Effects of Salt on Rheological Properties of Asphalt after Long-Term Aging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yu, Xin; Luo, Yilin; Yin, Long</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Limited studies in recent years have shown that asphalt pavement subject to seawater in coastal regions or deicing salt in cold regions may be seriously damaged after being soaked in saline water for a long time. However, there is limited research into the influence of salt on rheological properties of asphalt after long-term aging. In this study, rheological properties of unmodified and polymer-modified asphalt after long-term aging were tested after being soaked in different concentrations of salt (0.3%~5%) for different durations (1 day~30 days). <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> based on the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was used for experimental design. The frequency sweep tests were performed on the specimens of aged asphalt after being soaked for complex modulus and phase angle master curves and ultimate fatigue temperature. BBR tests were performed for stiffness. The test results indicate that saline water appears to reduce low temperature properties and fatigue resistance properties and improved high temperature properties of aged asphalt, and it also affects the sensitivity of complex modulus and phase angles at low frequencies. PMID:24459450</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JOM....69l2471S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JOM....69l2471S"><span>Influence of Reinforcement Parameters and Ageing Time on Mechanical Behavior of Novel Al2024/SiC/Red Mud Composites Using Response Surface Methodology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singh, Jaswinder; Chauhan, Amit</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This study investigates the mechanical behavior of aluminum 2024 matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide and red mud particles. The hybrid reinforcements were successfully incorporated into the alloy matrix using the stir casting process. An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> based on <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s technique was used to acquire experimental data for mechanical properties (hardness and impact energy) of the composites. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM) techniques were used to evaluate the influence of test parameters (reinforcement ratio, particle size and ageing time). The morphological analysis of the surfaces (fractured during impact tests) was conducted to identify the failure mechanism. Finally, a confirmation experiment was performed to check the adequacy of the developed model. The results indicate that the ageing time is the most effective parameter as far as the hardness of the hybrid composites is concerned. It has also been revealed that red mud wt.% has maximum influence on the impact energy characteristics of the hybrid composites. The study concludes that Al2024/SiC/red mud hybrid composites possess superior mechanical performance in comparison to pure alloy under optimized conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28188900','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28188900"><span>Isolation and identification of a novel bacterium, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. dgh strain 5, and optimization of growth condition for highest antagonistic activity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tashakor, Amin; Hosseinzadehdehkordi, Mahshid; Emruzi, Zeynab; Gholami, Dariush</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>In the present study, we isolated Lactobacillus sakei strain DGH5 from raw beef meat. This bacterium plays an inhibitory effect against food-spoiling bacteria and food-borne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive and pathogenic bacterium. Lactobacillus sakei strain DGH5 was identified through both phenotypical and biochemical tests accompanied with 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among all the sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous forms, we selected the most potent compounds to optimize the condition for the highest antagonistic activity. Among the sugars, polygalacturonic acid demonstrated to improve the antagonistic activity. Ammonium nitrate demonstrated to be suitable nitrogen sources. Amongst phosphorous sources, disodium hydrogen phosphate had the greatest antagonistic effect. According to <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>, temperature, disodium hydrogen phosphate and soy Peptone had significant effect on antagonistic activity. Furthermore, mean comparisons showed that the optimum conditions achieved at pH 6.0, 25 °C temperature, 1.5% (w/v) Na 2 HPO 4 and 0.5% (w/v) peptone. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1943b0046S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AIPC.1943b0046S"><span>To study the effect of different electrolytes and their concentrations on electrochemical micromachining</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singh, Ramandeep</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The machining of materials on micro-meter and sub-micrometre is considered the technology of future. Due to challenging applications of biomedical and aerospace industries, the traditional manufacturing techniques lacks in dimensional accuracy. Thus for such industries, the technique that can control micron tolerances is Electrochemical Micromachining (EMM). Hard metals and alloys can also be machined by this technique. Thus to develop a novel EMM system setup and to investigate the effect of three different electrolytes i.e NaCl, NaNO3 and HCl with their different concentrations, the current study was conducted. Stainless Steel-304 and copper were chosen as the work piece material in the present study. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L18 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> was used for the best combination of experiment. According to the present investigation most prominent factor affecting the material removal (MR) comes out was electrolyte. HCl provides the better MR among other electrolytes i.e. NaNO3 and NaCl. The amount of MR increased with the increase in the concentration of electrolyte.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22720400','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22720400"><span>Adsorptive removal of aniline by granular activated carbon from aqueous solutions with catechol and resorcinol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Suresh, S; Srivastava, V C; Mishrab, I M</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In the present paper, the removal of aniline by adsorption process onto granular activated carbon (GAC) is reported from aqueous solutions containing catechol and resorcinol separately. The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> experimental design was applied to study the effect of such parameters as the initial component concentrations (C(0,i)) of two solutes (aniline and catechol or aniline and resorcinol) in the solution, temperature (T), adsorbent dosage (m) and contact time (t). The L27 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> consisting of five parameters each with three levels was used to determine the total amount of solutes adsorbed on GAC (q(tot), mmol/g) and the signal-to-noise ratio. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the optimum conditions. Under these conditions, the ANOVA shows that m is the most important parameter in the adsorption process. The most favourable levels of process parameters were T = 303 K, m = 10 g/l and t = 660 min for both the systems, qtot values in the confirmation experiments carried out at optimum conditions were 0.73 and 0.95 mmol/g for aniline-catechol and aniline-resorcinol systems, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..330a2085V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..330a2085V"><span>Investigations on high speed machining of EN-353 steel alloy under different machining environments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Venkata Vishnu, A.; Jamaleswara Kumar, P.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The addition of Nano Particles into conventional cutting fluids enhances its cooling capabilities; in the present paper an attempt is made by adding nano sized particles into conventional cutting fluids. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Robust Design Methodology is employed in order to study the performance characteristics of different turning parameters i.e. cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and type of tool under different machining environments i.e. dry machining, machining with lubricant - SAE 40 and machining with mixture of nano sized particles of Boric acid and base fluid SAE 40. A series of turning operations were performed using L27 (3)13 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>, considering high cutting speeds and the other machining parameters to measure hardness. The results are compared among the different machining environments, and it is concluded that there is considerable improvement in the machining performance using lubricant SAE 40 and mixture of SAE 40 + boric acid compared with dry machining. The ANOVA suggests that the selected parameters and the interactions are significant and cutting speed has most significant effect on hardness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24459450','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24459450"><span>The effects of salt on rheological properties of asphalt after long-term aging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yu, Xin; Wang, Ying; Luo, Yilin; Yin, Long</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Limited studies in recent years have shown that asphalt pavement subject to seawater in coastal regions or deicing salt in cold regions may be seriously damaged after being soaked in saline water for a long time. However, there is limited research into the influence of salt on rheological properties of asphalt after long-term aging. In this study, rheological properties of unmodified and polymer-modified asphalt after long-term aging were tested after being soaked in different concentrations of salt (0.3%~5%) for different durations (1 day~30 days). <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> based on the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was used for experimental design. The frequency sweep tests were performed on the specimens of aged asphalt after being soaked for complex modulus and phase angle master curves and ultimate fatigue temperature. BBR tests were performed for stiffness. The test results indicate that saline water appears to reduce low temperature properties and fatigue resistance properties and improved high temperature properties of aged asphalt, and it also affects the sensitivity of complex modulus and phase angles at low frequencies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1036201-coherent-vorticity-extraction-resistive-drift-wave-turbulence-comparison-orthogonal-wavelets-versus-proper-orthogonal-decomposition','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1036201-coherent-vorticity-extraction-resistive-drift-wave-turbulence-comparison-orthogonal-wavelets-versus-proper-orthogonal-decomposition"><span>Coherent vorticity extraction in resistive drift-wave turbulence: Comparison of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelets versus proper <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> decomposition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Futatani, S.; Bos, W.J.T.; Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego B</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>We assess two techniques for extracting coherent vortices out of turbulent flows: the wavelet based Coherent Vorticity Extraction (CVE) and the Proper <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Decomposition (POD). The former decomposes the flow field into an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelet representation and subsequent thresholding of the coefficients allows one to split the flow into organized coherent vortices with non-Gaussian statistics and an incoherent random part which is structureless. POD is based on the singular value decomposition and decomposes the flow into basis functions which are optimal with respect to the retained energy for the ensemble average. Both techniques are applied to direct numerical simulation datamore » of two-dimensional drift-wave turbulence governed by Hasegawa Wakatani equation, considering two limit cases: the quasi-hydrodynamic and the quasi-adiabatic regimes. The results are compared in terms of compression rate, retained energy, retained enstrophy and retained radial flux, together with the enstrophy spectrum and higher order statistics. (c) 2010 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Academie des sciences.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1876b0087K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1876b0087K"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> system of fractural and integrated diagnostic features in vibration analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kostyukov, V. N.; Boychenko, S. N.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>The paper presents the results obtained in the studies of the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of the vibration diagnostic features system comprising the integrated features, particularly - root mean square values of vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, vibration displacement and fractal feature (Hurst exponent). To diagnose the condition of the equipment by the vibration signal, the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of the vibration diagnostic features is important. The fact of <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> shows that the system of features is not superfluous and allows the maximum coverage of the state space of the object being diagnosed. This, in turn, increases reliability of the machinery condition monitoring results. The studies were carried out on the models of vibration signals using the programming language R.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1405183-orthogonal-gaussian-process-models','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1405183-orthogonal-gaussian-process-models"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Gaussian process models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Plumlee, Matthew; Joseph, V. Roshan</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Gaussian processes models are widely adopted for nonparameteric/semi-parametric modeling. Identifiability issues occur when the mean model contains polynomials with unknown coefficients. Though resulting prediction is unaffected, this leads to poor estimation of the coefficients in the mean model, and thus the estimated mean model loses interpretability. This paper introduces a new Gaussian process model whose stochastic part is <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the mean part to address this issue. As a result, this paper also discusses applications to multi-fidelity simulations using data examples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1405183','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1405183"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Gaussian process models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Plumlee, Matthew; Joseph, V. Roshan</p> <p></p> <p>Gaussian processes models are widely adopted for nonparameteric/semi-parametric modeling. Identifiability issues occur when the mean model contains polynomials with unknown coefficients. Though resulting prediction is unaffected, this leads to poor estimation of the coefficients in the mean model, and thus the estimated mean model loses interpretability. This paper introduces a new Gaussian process model whose stochastic part is <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the mean part to address this issue. As a result, this paper also discusses applications to multi-fidelity simulations using data examples.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10607E..0DX','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SPIE10607E..0DX"><span>Three-dimensional imaging through turbid media based on polarization-difference liquid-crystal microlens <span class="hlt">array</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xin, Zhaowei; Wei, Dong; Li, Dapeng; Xie, Xingwang; Chen, Mingce; Zhang, Xinyu; Wang, Haiwei; Xie, Changsheng</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>In this paper, a polarization difference liquid-crystal microlens <span class="hlt">array</span> (PD-LCMLA) for three dimensional imaging application through turbid media is fabricated and demonstrated. This device is composed of a twisted nematic liquidcrystal cell (TNLCC), a polarizer and a liquid-crystal microlens <span class="hlt">array</span>. The polarizer is sandwiched between the TNLCC and LCMLA to help the polarization difference system achieving the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarization raw images. The prototyped camera for polarization difference imaging has been constructed by integrating the PD-LCMLA with an image sensor. The <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized light-field images are recorded by switching the working state of the TNLCC. Here, by using a special microstructure in conjunction with the polarization-difference algorithm, we demonstrate that the three-dimensional information in the scattering media can be retrieved from the polarization-difference imaging system with an electrically tunable PD-LCMLA. We further investigate the system's potential function based on the flexible microstructure. The microstructure provides a wide operation range in the manipulation of incident beams and also emerges multiple operation modes for imaging applications, such as conventional planar imaging, polarization imaging mode, and polarization-difference imaging mode. Since the PD-LCMLA demonstrates a very low power consumption, multiple imaging modes and simple manufacturing, this kind of device presents a potential to be used in many other optical and electro-optical systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEIC..98..119S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEIC..98..119S"><span>Parametric Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Powder Metallurgical Cold Worked Tool Steel using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sudhakara, Dara; Prasanthi, Guvvala</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Wire Cut EDM is an unconventional machining process used to build components of complex shape. The current work mainly deals with optimization of surface roughness while machining P/M CW TOOL STEEL by Wire cut EDM using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method. The process parameters of the Wire Cut EDM is ON, OFF, IP, SV, WT, and WP. L27 OA is used for to design of the experiments for conducting experimentation. In order to find out the effecting parameters on the surface roughness, ANOVA analysis is engaged. The optimum levels for getting minimum surface roughness is ON = 108 µs, OFF = 63 µs, IP = 11 A, SV = 68 V and WT = 8 g.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020060786','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20020060786"><span>Methods for Room Acoustic Analysis and Synthesis using a Monopole-Dipole Microphone <span class="hlt">Array</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Abel, J. S.; Begault, Durand R.; Null, Cynthia H. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>In recent work, a microphone <span class="hlt">array</span> consisting of an omnidirectional microphone and colocated dipole microphones having <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> aligned dipole axes was used to examine the directional nature of a room impulse response. The arrival of significant reflections was indicated by peaks in the power of the omnidirectional microphone response; reflection direction of arrival was revealed by comparing zero-lag crosscorrelations between the omnidirectional response and the dipole responses to the omnidirectional response power to estimate arrival direction cosines with respect to the dipole axes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16885141','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16885141"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> stimulus-response compatibility effects emerge even when the stimulus position is task irrelevant.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nishimura, Akio; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko</p> <p>2006-06-01</p> <p>The above-right/below-left mapping advantage with vertical stimuli and horizontal responses is known as the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effect. We investigated whether the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> SRC effect emerges with irrelevant stimulus dimensions. In Experiment 1, participants responded with a right or left key press to the colour of the stimulus presented above or below the fixation. We observed an above-right/below-left advantage (<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Simon effect). In Experiment 2, we manipulated the polarity in the response dimension by varying the horizontal location of the response set. The <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Simon effect decreased and even reversed as the left response code became more positive. This result provides evidence for the automatic activation of the positive and negative response codes by the corresponding positive and negative stimulus codes. These findings extended the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> SRC effect based on coding asymmetry to an irrelevant stimulus dimension.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28709142','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28709142"><span>Application of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L16 design method for comparative study of ability of 3A zeolite in removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rahmani, Mashaallah; Kaykhaii, Massoud; Sasani, Mojtaba</p> <p>2018-01-05</p> <p>This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of 3A zeolite as a novel adsorbent for removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green dyes from water samples. To increase the removal efficiency, effecting parameters on adsorption process were investigated and optimized by adopting <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design of experiments approach. The percentage contribution of each parameter on the removal of Rhodamine B and Malachite green dyes determined using ANOVA and showed that the most effective parameters in removal of RhB and MG by 3A zeolite are initial concentration of dye and pH, respectively. Under optimized condition, the amount predicted by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design method and the value obtained experimentally, showed good closeness (more than 94.86%). Good adsorption efficiency obtained for proposed methods indicates that, the 3A zeolite is capable to remove the significant amounts of Rhodamine B and Malachite green from environmental water samples. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97c5439K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97c5439K"><span>Arbitrary beam control using passive lossless metasurfaces enabled by <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized custom surface waves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kwon, Do-Hoon; Tretyakov, Sergei A.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>For passive, lossless impenetrable metasurfaces, a design technique for arbitrary beam control of receiving, guiding, and launching is presented. Arbitrary control is enabled by a custom surface wave in an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarization such that its addition to the incident (input) and the desired scattered (output) fields is supported by a reactive surface impedance everywhere on the reflecting surface. Such a custom surface wave (SW) takes the form of an evanescent wave propagating along the surface with a spatially varying envelope. A growing SW appears when an illuminating beam is received. The SW amplitude stays constant when power is guided along the surface. The amplitude diminishes as a propagating wave (PW) is launched from the surface as a leaky wave. The resulting reactive tensor impedance profile may be realized as an <span class="hlt">array</span> of anisotropic metallic resonators printed on a grounded dielectric substrate. Illustrative design examples of a Gaussian beam translator-reflector, a probe-fed beam launcher, and a near-field focusing lens are provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21970578','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21970578"><span>3D positioning scheme exploiting nano-scale IR-UWB <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pulses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Nammoon; Kim, Youngok</p> <p>2011-10-04</p> <p>In these days, the development of positioning technology for realizing ubiquitous environments has become one of the most important issues. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a well-known positioning scheme, but it is not suitable for positioning in in-door/building environments because it is difficult to maintain line-of-sight condition between satellites and a GPS receiver. To such problem, various positioning methods such as RFID, WLAN, ZigBee, and Bluetooth have been developed for indoor positioning scheme. However, the majority of positioning schemes are focused on the two-dimension positioning even though three-dimension (3D) positioning information is more useful especially in indoor applications, such as smart space, U-health service, context aware service, etc. In this paper, a 3D positioning system based on mutually <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> nano-scale impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) signals and cross <span class="hlt">array</span> antenna is proposed. The proposed scheme uses nano-scale IR-UWB signals providing fine time resolution and high-resolution multiple signal specification algorithm for the time-of-arrival and the angle-of-arrival estimation. The performance is evaluated over various IEEE 802.15.4a channel models, and simulation results show the effectiveness of proposed scheme.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080025694','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080025694"><span>Fabrication of nano-gap electrode <span class="hlt">arrays</span> by the construction and selective chemical etching of nano-crosswire stacks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Prokopuk, Nicholas (Inventor); Son, Kyung-Ah (Inventor)</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Methods of fabricating nano-gap electrode structures in <span class="hlt">array</span> configurations, and the structures so produced. The fabrication method involves depositing first and second pluralities of electrodes comprising nanowires using processes such as lithography, deposition of metals, lift-off processes, and chemical etching that can be performed using conventional processing tools applicable to electronic materials processing. The gap spacing in the nano-gap electrode <span class="hlt">array</span> is defined by the thickness of a sacrificial spacer layer that is deposited between the first and second pluralities of electrodes. The sacrificial spacer layer is removed by etching, thereby leaving a structure in which the distance between pairs of electrodes is substantially equal to the thickness of the sacrificial spacer layer. Electrode <span class="hlt">arrays</span> with gaps measured in units of nanometers are produced. In one embodiment, the first and second pluralities of electrodes are aligned in mutually <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> orientations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596847-local-unitary-equivalence-quantum-states-simultaneous-orthogonal-equivalence','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596847-local-unitary-equivalence-quantum-states-simultaneous-orthogonal-equivalence"><span>Local unitary equivalence of quantum states and simultaneous <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> equivalence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jing, Naihuan, E-mail: jing@ncsu.edu; Yang, Min; Zhao, Hui, E-mail: zhaohui@bjut.edu.cn</p> <p>2016-06-15</p> <p>The correspondence between local unitary equivalence of bipartite quantum states and simultaneous <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> equivalence is thoroughly investigated and strengthened. It is proved that local unitary equivalence can be studied through simultaneous similarity under projective <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> transformations, and four parametrization independent algorithms are proposed to judge when two density matrices on ℂ{sup d{sub 1}} ⊗ ℂ{sup d{sub 2}} are locally unitary equivalent in connection with trace identities, Kronecker pencils, Albert determinants and Smith normal forms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..421..460G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..421..460G"><span>Characterization of anisotropically shaped silver nanoparticle <span class="hlt">arrays</span> via spectroscopic ellipsometry supported by numerical optical modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gkogkou, Dimitra; Shaykhutdinov, Timur; Oates, Thomas W. H.; Gernert, Ulrich; Schreiber, Benjamin; Facsko, Stefan; Hildebrandt, Peter; Weidinger, Inez M.; Esser, Norbert; Hinrichs, Karsten</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The present investigation aims to study the optical response of anisotropic Ag nanoparticle <span class="hlt">arrays</span> deposited on rippled silicon substrates by performing a qualitative comparison between experimental and theoretical results. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used along with numerical calculations using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) to reveal trends in the optical and geometrical properties of the nanoparticle <span class="hlt">array</span>. Ellipsometric data show two resonances, in the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> x and y directions, that originate from localized plasmon resonances as demonstrated by the calculated near-fields from FDTD calculations. The far-field calculations by RCWA point to decoupled resonances in x direction and possible coupling effects in y direction, corresponding to the short and long axis of the anisotropic nanoparticles, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4977494','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4977494"><span>Locally indistinguishable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product bases in arbitrary bipartite quantum system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xu, Guang-Bao; Yang, Ying-Hui; Wen, Qiao-Yan; Qin, Su-Juan; Gao, Fei</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>As we know, unextendible product basis (UPB) is an incomplete basis whose members cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication. However, very little is known about those incomplete and locally indistinguishable product bases that are not UPBs. In this paper, we first construct a series of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product bases that are completable but not locally distinguishable in a general m ⊗ n (m ≥ 3 and n ≥ 3) quantum system. In particular, we give so far the smallest number of locally indistinguishable states of a completable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product basis in arbitrary quantum systems. Furthermore, we construct a series of small and locally indistinguishable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product bases in m ⊗ n (m ≥ 3 and n ≥ 3). All the results lead to a better understanding of the structures of locally indistinguishable product bases in arbitrary bipartite quantum system. PMID:27503634</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890038305&hterms=visual+basic&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dvisual%2Bbasic','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890038305&hterms=visual+basic&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Dvisual%2Bbasic"><span>A hexagonal <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-oriented pyramid as a model of image representation in visual cortex</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Watson, Andrew B.; Ahumada, Albert J., Jr.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Retinal ganglion cells represent the visual image with a spatial code, in which each cell conveys information about a small region in the image. In contrast, cells of the primary visual cortex use a hybrid space-frequency code in which each cell conveys information about a region that is local in space, spatial frequency, and orientation. A mathematical model for this transformation is described. The hexagonal <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-oriented quadrature pyramid (HOP) transform, which operates on a hexagonal input lattice, uses basis functions that are <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>, self-similar, and localized in space, spatial frequency, orientation, and phase. The basis functions, which are generated from seven basic types through a recursive process, form an image code of the pyramid type. The seven basis functions, six bandpass and one low-pass, occupy a point and a hexagon of six nearest neighbors on a hexagonal lattice. The six bandpass basis functions consist of three with even symmetry, and three with odd symmetry. At the lowest level, the inputs are image samples. At each higher level, the input lattice is provided by the low-pass coefficients computed at the previous level. At each level, the output is subsampled in such a way as to yield a new hexagonal lattice with a spacing square root of 7 larger than the previous level, so that the number of coefficients is reduced by a factor of seven at each level. In the biological model, the input lattice is the retinal ganglion cell <span class="hlt">array</span>. The resulting scheme provides a compact, efficient code of the image and generates receptive fields that resemble those of the primary visual cortex.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493145-orthogonality-embedded-wave-functions-different-states-frozen-density-embedding-theory','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22493145-orthogonality-embedded-wave-functions-different-states-frozen-density-embedding-theory"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> of embedded wave functions for different states in frozen-density embedding theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zech, Alexander; Wesolowski, Tomasz A.; Aquilante, Francesco</p> <p>2015-10-28</p> <p>Other than lowest-energy stationary embedded wave functions obtained in Frozen-Density Embedding Theory (FDET) [T. A. Wesolowski, Phys. Rev. A 77, 012504 (2008)] can be associated with electronic excited states but they can be mutually non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>. Although this does not violate any physical principles — embedded wave functions are only auxiliary objects used to obtain stationary densities — working with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> functions has many practical advantages. In the present work, we show numerically that excitation energies obtained using conventional FDET calculations (allowing for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>) can be obtained using embedded wave functions which are strictly <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>. The used method preserves the mathematicalmore » structure of FDET and self-consistency between energy, embedded wave function, and the embedding potential (they are connected through the Euler-Lagrange equations). The <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> is built-in through the linearization in the embedded density of the relevant components of the total energy functional. Moreover, we show formally that the differences between the expectation values of the embedded Hamiltonian are equal to the excitation energies, which is the exact result within linearized FDET. Linearized FDET is shown to be a robust approximation for a large class of reference densities.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=least+AND+squares+AND+matrix&id=EJ922150','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=least+AND+squares+AND+matrix&id=EJ922150"><span>The Rigid <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Procrustes Rotation Problem</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>ten Berge, Jos M. F.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>The problem of rotating a matrix <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> to a best least squares fit with another matrix of the same order has a closed-form solution based on a singular value decomposition. The optimal rotation matrix is not necessarily rigid, but may also involve a reflection. In some applications, only rigid rotations are permitted. Gower (1976) has…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017QuIP...16..304B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017QuIP...16..304B"><span>Quantum secret sharing using <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multiqudit entangled states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bai, Chen-Ming; Li, Zhi-Hui; Liu, Cheng-Ji; Li, Yong-Ming</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this work, we investigate the distinguishability of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multiqudit entangled states under restricted local operations and classical communication. According to these properties, we propose a quantum secret sharing scheme to realize three types of access structures, i.e., the ( n, n)-threshold, the restricted (3, n)-threshold and restricted (4, n)-threshold schemes (called LOCC-QSS scheme). All cooperating players in the restricted threshold schemes are from two disjoint groups. In the proposed protocol, the participants use the computational basis measurement and classical communication to distinguish between those <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> states and reconstruct the original secret. Furthermore, we also analyze the security of our scheme in four primary quantum attacks and give a simple encoding method in order to better prevent the participant conspiracy attack.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26878703','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26878703"><span>No need for external <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> in subsystem density-functional theory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Unsleber, Jan P; Neugebauer, Johannes; Jacob, Christoph R</p> <p>2016-08-03</p> <p>Recent reports on the necessity of using externally <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> orbitals in subsystem density-functional theory (SDFT) [Annu. Rep. Comput. Chem., 8, 2012, 53; J. Phys. Chem. A, 118, 2014, 9182] are re-investigated. We show that in the basis-set limit, supermolecular Kohn-Sham-DFT (KS-DFT) densities can exactly be represented as a sum of subsystem densities, even if the subsystem orbitals are not externally <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>. This is illustrated using both an analytical example and in basis-set free numerical calculations for an atomic test case. We further show that even with finite basis sets, SDFT calculations using accurate reconstructed potentials can closely approach the supermolecular KS-DFT density, and that the deviations between SDFT and KS-DFT decrease as the basis-set limit is approached. Our results demonstrate that formally, there is no need to enforce external <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> in SDFT, even though this might be a useful strategy when developing projection-based DFT embedding schemes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SMaS...20j5027E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SMaS...20j5027E"><span>Interactive design optimization of magnetorheological-brake actuators using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Erol, Ozan; Gurocak, Hakan</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>This research explored an optimization method that would automate the process of designing a magnetorheological (MR)-brake but still keep the designer in the loop. MR-brakes apply resistive torque by increasing the viscosity of an MR fluid inside the brake. This electronically controllable brake can provide a very large torque-to-volume ratio, which is very desirable for an actuator. However, the design process is quite complex and time consuming due to many parameters. In this paper, we adapted the popular <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method, widely used in manufacturing, to the problem of designing a complex MR-brake. Unlike other existing methods, this approach can automatically identify the dominant parameters of the design, which reduces the search space and the time it takes to find the best possible design. While automating the search for a solution, it also lets the designer see the dominant parameters and make choices to investigate only their interactions with the design output. The new method was applied for re-designing MR-brakes. It reduced the design time from a week or two down to a few minutes. Also, usability experiments indicated significantly better brake designs by novice users.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019208','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019208"><span>Nested Krylov methods and preserving the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Desturler, Eric; Fokkema, Diederik R.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Recently the GMRESR inner-outer iteraction scheme for the solution of linear systems of equations was proposed by Van der Vorst and Vuik. Similar methods have been proposed by Axelsson and Vassilevski and Saad (FGMRES). The outer iteration is GCR, which minimizes the residual over a given set of direction vectors. The inner iteration is GMRES, which at each step computes a new direction vector by approximately solving the residual equation. However, the optimality of the approximation over the space of outer search directions is ignored in the inner GMRES iteration. This leads to suboptimal corrections to the solution in the outer iteration, as components of the outer iteration directions may reenter in the inner iteration process. Therefore we propose to preserve the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> relations of GCR in the inner GMRES iteration. This gives optimal corrections; however, it involves working with a singular, non-symmetric operator. We will discuss some important properties, and we will show by experiments that, in terms of matrix vector products, this modification (almost) always leads to better convergence. However, because we do more <span class="hlt">orthogonalizations</span>, it does not always give an improved performance in CPU-time. Furthermore, we will discuss efficient implementations as well as the truncation possibilities of the outer GCR process. The experimental results indicate that for such methods it is advantageous to preserve the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> in the inner iteration. Of course we can also use iteration schemes other than GMRES as the inner method; methods with short recurrences like GICGSTAB are of interest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4761435','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4761435"><span>SAR Reduction in 7T C-Spine Imaging Using a “Dark Modes” Transmit <span class="hlt">Array</span> Strategy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Eryaman, Yigitcan; Guerin, Bastien; Keil, Boris; Mareyam, Azma; Herraiz, Joaquin L.; Kosior, Robert K.; Martin, Adrian; Torrado-Carvajal, Angel; Malpica, Norberto; Hernandez-Tamames, Juan A.; Schiavi, Emanuele; Adalsteinsson, Elfar; Wald, Lawrence L.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Purpose Local specific absorption rate (SAR) limits many applications of parallel transmit (pTx) in ultra high-field imaging. In this Note, we introduce the use of an <span class="hlt">array</span> element, which is intentionally inefficient at generating spin excitation (a “dark mode”) to attempt a partial cancellation of the electric field from those elements that do generate excitation. We show that adding dipole elements oriented <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to their conventional orientation to a linear <span class="hlt">array</span> of conventional loop elements can lower the local SAR hotspot in a C-spine <span class="hlt">array</span> at 7 T. Methods We model electromagnetic fields in a head/torso model to calculate SAR and excitation B1+ patterns generated by conventional loop <span class="hlt">arrays</span> and loop <span class="hlt">arrays</span> with added electric dipole elements. We utilize the dark modes that are generated by the intentional and inefficient orientation of dipole elements in order to reduce peak 10g local SAR while maintaining excitation fidelity. Results For B1+ shimming in the spine, the addition of dipole elements did not significantly alter the B1+ spatial pattern but reduced local SAR by 36%. Conclusion The dipole elements provide a sufficiently complimentary B1+ and electric field pattern to the loop <span class="hlt">array</span> that can be exploited by the radiofrequency shimming algorithm to reduce local SAR. PMID:24753012</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJEEP..16...77L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJEEP..16...77L"><span>Risky Group Decision-Making Method for Distribution Grid Planning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Cunbin; Yuan, Jiahang; Qi, Zhiqiang</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>With rapid speed on electricity using and increasing in renewable energy, more and more research pay attention on distribution grid planning. For the drawbacks of existing research, this paper proposes a new risky group decision-making method for distribution grid planning. Firstly, a mixing index system with qualitative and quantitative indices is built. On the basis of considering the fuzziness of language evaluation, choose cloud model to realize "quantitative to qualitative" transformation and construct interval numbers decision matrices according to the "3En" principle. An m-dimensional interval numbers decision vector is regarded as super cuboids in m-dimensional attributes space, using two-level <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> experiment to arrange points uniformly and dispersedly. The numbers of points are assured by testing numbers of two-level <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">arrays</span> and these points compose of distribution points set to stand for decision-making project. In order to eliminate the influence of correlation among indices, Mahalanobis distance is used to calculate the distance from each solutions to others which means that dynamic solutions are viewed as the reference. Secondly, due to the decision-maker's attitude can affect the results, this paper defines the prospect value function based on SNR which is from Mahalanobis-<span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> system and attains the comprehensive prospect value of each program as well as the order. At last, the validity and reliability of this method is illustrated by examples which prove the method is more valuable and superiority than the other.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900046196&hterms=equations+differential&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dequations%2Bdifferential','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19900046196&hterms=equations+differential&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dequations%2Bdifferential"><span>Minimal parameter solution of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix differential equation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bar-Itzhack, Itzhack Y.; Markley, F. Landis</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>As demonstrated in this work, all <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrices solve a first order differential equation. The straightforward solution of this equation requires n sup 2 integrations to obtain the element of the nth order matrix. There are, however, only n(n-1)/2 independent parameters which determine an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix. The questions of choosing them, finding their differential equation and expressing the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix in terms of these parameters are considered. Several possibilities which are based on attitude determination in three dimensions are examined. It is shown that not all 3-D methods have useful extensions to higher dimensions. It is also shown why the rate of change of the matrix elements, which are the elements of the angular rate vector in 3-D, are the elements of a tensor of the second rank (dyadic) in spaces other than three dimensional. It is proven that the 3-D Gibbs vector (or Cayley Parameters) are extendable to other dimensions. An algorithm is developed emplying the resulting parameters, which are termed Extended Rodrigues Parameters, and numerical results are presented of the application of the algorithm to a fourth order matrix.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006567','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19890006567"><span>Minimal parameter solution of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix differential equation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Baritzhack, Itzhack Y.; Markley, F. Landis</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>As demonstrated in this work, all <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrices solve a first order differential equation. The straightforward solution of this equation requires n sup 2 integrations to obtain the element of the nth order matrix. There are, however, only n(n-1)/2 independent parameters which determine an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix. The questions of choosing them, finding their differential equation and expressing the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matrix in terms of these parameters are considered. Several possibilities which are based on attitude determination in three dimensions are examined. It is shown that not all 3-D methods have useful extensions to higher dimensions. It is also shown why the rate of change of the matrix elements, which are the elements of the angular rate vector in 3-D, are the elements of a tensor of the second rank (dyadic) in spaces other than three dimensional. It is proven that the 3-D Gibbs vector (or Cayley Parameters) are extendable to other dimensions. An algorithm is developed employing the resulting parameters, which are termed Extended Rodrigues Parameters, and numerical results are presented of the application of the algorithm to a fourth order matrix.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1045663','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1045663"><span>Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Targeted Bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-16-1-0595 TITLE: Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Targeted Bio -<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer...Sep 2016 - 14 Sep 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Targeted Bio -<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Therapy for Metastatic Prostate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27652140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27652140"><span>Recurrence relations for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials for PDEs in polar and cylindrical geometries.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Richardson, Megan; Lambers, James V</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This paper introduces two families of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials on the interval (-1,1), with weight function [Formula: see text]. The first family satisfies the boundary condition [Formula: see text], and the second one satisfies the boundary conditions [Formula: see text]. These boundary conditions arise naturally from PDEs defined on a disk with Dirichlet boundary conditions and the requirement of regularity in Cartesian coordinates. The families of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials are obtained by <span class="hlt">orthogonalizing</span> short linear combinations of Legendre polynomials that satisfy the same boundary conditions. Then, the three-term recurrence relations are derived. Finally, it is shown that from these recurrence relations, one can efficiently compute the corresponding recurrences for generalized Jacobi polynomials that satisfy the same boundary conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2692283','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2692283"><span>Microcapsules with three <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> reactive sites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mason, Brian P.; Hira, Steven M.; Strouse, Geoffrey F.; McQuade, D. Tyler</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Polymeric microcapsules containing reactive sites on the shell surface and two <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> reactive polymers encapsulated within the interior are selectively labeled. The capsules provide three spatially separate and differentially reactive sites. Confocal fluorescence microscopy is used to characterize the distribution of labels. Polymers encapsulated are distributed homogeneously within the core and do not interact with the shell even when oppositely charged. PMID:19254010</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPA....7b5205X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPA....7b5205X"><span>Investigation of injection molding of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> fluidic connector for microfluidic devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Zheng; Cao, Dong; Zhao, Wei; Song, Man-cang; Liu, Jun-shan</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> fluidic connections are essential for developing multilayered microfluidic devices. At present, most <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> connectors are realized by a horizontal channel and a vertical channel in different plates. Therefore, some extra alignment and adhesion processes for precise plate assembly are required. In this paper, the method of injection molding is proposed to make a one-body-type <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> connector in a single plastic plate. The connector was composed of a cantilevered tube and the other in the substrate. An injection mold was developed in which a side core-pulling mechanism and an ejection mechanism of push-pipes were combined to form the mold for an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> connector. Both the type and the location of gate were optimized for the mold. The results showed that the fan gate in the middle position of the plate was the most suitable in term of both defect control and practicability. The effect of melt temperature was numerically investigated and then verified experimentally. With the optimized parameters, the relative length and the relative wall thickness of a cantilevered tube in the plastic part can reach 98.89% and 99.80%, respectively. Furthermore, using the plastic part as a cover plate, a three-layer plastic microfluidic device was conveniently fabricated for electrochemical detection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPC.1657c0007M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AIPC.1657c0007M"><span>Development of process parameters for 22 nm PMOS using 2-D analytical modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Maheran, A. H. Afifah; Menon, P. S.; Ahmad, I.; Shaari, S.; Faizah, Z. A. Noor</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (CMOSFET) has become major challenge to scaling and integration. Innovation in transistor structures and integration of novel materials are necessary to sustain this performance trend. CMOS variability in the scaling technology becoming very important concern due to limitation of process control; over statistically variability related to the fundamental discreteness and materials. Minimizing the transistor variation through technology optimization and ensuring robust product functionality and performance is the major issue.In this article, the continuation study on process parameters variations is extended and delivered thoroughly in order to achieve a minimum leakage current (ILEAK) on PMOS planar transistor at 22 nm gate length. Several device parameters are varies significantly using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method to predict the optimum combination of process parameters fabrication. A combination of high permittivity material (high-k) and metal gate are utilized accordingly as gate structure where the materials include titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tungsten silicide (WSix). Then the L9 of the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> is used to analyze the device simulation where the results of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Smaller-the-Better (STB) scheme are studied through the percentage influences of the process parameters. This is to achieve a minimum ILEAK where the maximum predicted ILEAK value by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2011 is said to should not above 100 nA/µm. Final results shows that the compensation implantation dose acts as the dominant factor with 68.49% contribution in lowering the device's leakage current. The absolute process parameters combination results in ILEAK mean value of 3.96821 nA/µm where is far lower than the predicted value.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42529','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/42529"><span>Underestimates of sensible heat flux due to vertical velocity measurement errors in non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> sonic anemometers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>John M. Frank; William J. Massman; Brent E. Ewers</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Sonic thermometry and anemometry are fundamental to all eddy-covariance studies of surface energy balance. Recent studies have suggested that sonic anemometers with non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> transducers can underestimate vertical wind velocity (w) and sensible heat flux (H) when compared to <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> designs. In this study we tested whether a non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> sonic anemometer (...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20040416','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20040416"><span>Two-dimensional imaging via a narrowband MIMO radar system with two perpendicular linear <span class="hlt">arrays</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Dang-wei; Ma, Xiao-yan; Su, Yi</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>This paper presents a system model and method for the 2-D imaging application via a narrowband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system with two perpendicular linear <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. Furthermore, the imaging formulation for our method is developed through a Fourier integral processing, and the parameters of antenna <span class="hlt">array</span> including the cross-range resolution, required size, and sampling interval are also examined. Different from the spatial sequential procedure sampling the scattered echoes during multiple snapshot illuminations in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging, the proposed method utilizes a spatial parallel procedure to sample the scattered echoes during a single snapshot illumination. Consequently, the complex motion compensation in ISAR imaging can be avoided. Moreover, in our <span class="hlt">array</span> configuration, multiple narrowband spectrum-shared waveforms coded with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polyphase sequences are employed. The mainlobes of the compressed echoes from the different filter band could be located in the same range bin, and thus, the range alignment in classical ISAR imaging is not necessary. Numerical simulations based on synthetic data are provided for testing our proposed method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvA..96d2314S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvA..96d2314S"><span>Necessary condition for local distinguishability of maximally entangled states: Beyond <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> preservation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singal, Tanmay; Rahaman, Ramij; Ghosh, Sibasish; Kar, Guruprasad</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The (im)possibility of local distinguishability of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multipartite quantum states still remains an intriguing question. Beyond C3⊗C3 , the problem remains unsolved even for maximally entangled states (MESs). So far, the only known condition for the local distinguishability of states is the well-known <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> preservation (OP). Using an upper bound on the locally accessible information for bipartite states, we derive a very simple necessary condition for any set of pairwise <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MESs in Cd⊗Cd to be perfectly locally distinguishable. It is seen that particularly when the number of pairwise <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> MES states in Cd⊗Cd is equal to d , then this necessary condition, along with the OP condition, imposes more constraints (for said states to be perfectly locally distinguishable) than the OP condition does. When testing this condition for the local distinguishability of all sets of four generalized Bell states in C4⊗C4 , we find that it is not only necessary but also sufficient to determine their local distinguishability. This demonstrates that the aforementioned upper bound may play a significant role in the general scenario of local distinguishability of bipartite states.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030014297','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20030014297"><span>Wind Tunnel Database Development using Modern Experiment Design and Multivariate <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Functions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Morelli, Eugene A.; DeLoach, Richard</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>A wind tunnel experiment for characterizing the aerodynamic and propulsion forces and moments acting on a research model airplane is described. The model airplane called the Free-flying Airplane for Sub-scale Experimental Research (FASER), is a modified off-the-shelf radio-controlled model airplane, with 7 ft wingspan, a tractor propeller driven by an electric motor, and aerobatic capability. FASER was tested in the NASA Langley 12-foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel, using a combination of traditional sweeps and modern experiment design. Power level was included as an independent variable in the wind tunnel test, to allow characterization of power effects on aerodynamic forces and moments. A modeling technique that employs multivariate <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> functions was used to develop accurate analytic models for the aerodynamic and propulsion force and moment coefficient dependencies from the wind tunnel data. Efficient methods for generating <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> modeling functions, expanding the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> modeling functions in terms of ordinary polynomial functions, and analytical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> blocking were developed and discussed. The resulting models comprise a set of smooth, differentiable functions for the non-dimensional aerodynamic force and moment coefficients in terms of ordinary polynomials in the independent variables, suitable for nonlinear aircraft simulation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4208167','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4208167"><span>Optimization of an Optical Inspection System Based on the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method for Quantitative Analysis of Point-of-Care Testing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yeh, Chia-Hsien; Zhao, Zi-Qi; Shen, Pi-Lan; Lin, Yu-Cheng</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This study presents an optical inspection system for detecting a commercial point-of-care testing product and a new detection model covering from qualitative to quantitative analysis. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) strips (cut-off value of the hCG commercial product is 25 mIU/mL) were the detection target in our study. We used a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor to detect the colors of the test line and control line in the specific strips and to reduce the observation errors by the naked eye. To achieve better linearity between the grayscale and the concentration, and to decrease the standard deviation (increase the signal to noise ratio, S/N), the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was used to find the optimal parameters for the optical inspection system. The pregnancy test used the principles of the lateral flow immunoassay, and the colors of the test and control line were caused by the gold nanoparticles. Because of the sandwich immunoassay model, the color of the gold nanoparticles in the test line was darkened by increasing the hCG concentration. As the results reveal, the S/N increased from 43.48 dB to 53.38 dB, and the hCG concentration detection increased from 6.25 to 50 mIU/mL with a standard deviation of less than 10%. With the optimal parameters to decrease the detection limit and to increase the linearity determined by the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method, the optical inspection system can be applied to various commercial rapid tests for the detection of ketamine, troponin I, and fatty acid binding protein (FABP). PMID:25256108</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1224940','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1224940"><span>Limited-memory adaptive snapshot selection for proper <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> decomposition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Oxberry, Geoffrey M.; Kostova-Vassilevska, Tanya; Arrighi, Bill</p> <p>2015-04-02</p> <p>Reduced order models are useful for accelerating simulations in many-query contexts, such as optimization, uncertainty quantification, and sensitivity analysis. However, offline training of reduced order models can have prohibitively expensive memory and floating-point operation costs in high-performance computing applications, where memory per core is limited. To overcome this limitation for proper <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> decomposition, we propose a novel adaptive selection method for snapshots in time that limits offline training costs by selecting snapshots according an error control mechanism similar to that found in adaptive time-stepping ordinary differential equation solvers. The error estimator used in this work is related to theory boundingmore » the approximation error in time of proper <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> decomposition-based reduced order models, and memory usage is minimized by computing the singular value decomposition using a single-pass incremental algorithm. Results for a viscous Burgers’ test problem demonstrate convergence in the limit as the algorithm error tolerances go to zero; in this limit, the full order model is recovered to within discretization error. The resulting method can be used on supercomputers to generate proper <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> decomposition-based reduced order models, or as a subroutine within hyperreduction algorithms that require taking snapshots in time, or within greedy algorithms for sampling parameter space.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660512','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660512"><span>Axial Cone-Beam Reconstruction by Weighted BPF/DBPF and <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Butterfly Filtering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Shaojie; Tang, Xiangyang</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>The backprojection-filtration (BPF) and the derivative backprojection filtered (DBPF) algorithms, in which Hilbert filtering is the common algorithmic feature, are originally derived for exact helical reconstruction from cone-beam (CB) scan data and axial reconstruction from fan beam data, respectively. These two algorithms can be heuristically extended for image reconstruction from axial CB scan data, but induce severe artifacts in images located away from the central plane, determined by the circular source trajectory. We propose an algorithmic solution herein to eliminate the artifacts. The solution is an integration of three-dimensional (3-D) weighted axial CB-BPF/DBPF algorithm with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering, namely axial CB-BPF/DBPF cascaded with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering. Using the computer simulated Forbild head and thoracic phantoms that are rigorous in inspecting the reconstruction accuracy, and an anthropomorphic thoracic phantom with projection data acquired by a CT scanner, we evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Preliminary results show that the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering can eliminate the severe streak artifacts existing in the images reconstructed by the 3-D weighted axial CB-BPF/DBPF algorithm located at off-central planes. Integrated with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering, the 3-D weighted CB-BPF/DBPF algorithm can perform at least as well as the 3-D weighted CB-FBP algorithm in image reconstruction from axial CB scan data. The proposed 3-D weighted axial CB-BPF/DBPF cascaded with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering can be an algorithmic solution for CT imaging in extensive clinical and preclinical applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5362367','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5362367"><span>Axial Cone Beam Reconstruction by Weighted BPF/DBPF and <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Butterfly Filtering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tang, Shaojie; Tang, Xiangyang</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Goal The backprojection-filtration (BPF) and the derivative backprojection filtered (DBPF) algorithms, in which Hilbert filtering is the common algorithmic feature, are originally derived for exact helical reconstruction from cone beam (CB) scan data and axial reconstruction from fan beam data, respectively. These two algorithms can be heuristically extended for image reconstruction from axial CB scan data, but induce severe artifacts in images located away from the central plane determined by the circular source trajectory. We propose an algorithmic solution herein to eliminate the artifacts. Methods The solution is an integration of three-dimensional (3D) weighted axial CB-BPF/ DBPF algorithm with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering, namely axial CB-BPF/DBPF cascaded with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering. Using the computer simulated Forbild head and thoracic phantoms that are rigorous in inspecting reconstruction accuracy and an anthropomorphic thoracic phantom with projection data acquired by a CT scanner, we evaluate performance of the proposed algorithm. Results Preliminary results show that the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering can eliminate the severe streak artifacts existing in the images reconstructed by the 3D weighted axial CB-BPF/DBPF algorithm located at off-central planes. Conclusion Integrated with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering, the 3D weighted CB-BPF/DBPF algorithm can perform at least as well as the 3D weighted CB-FBP algorithm in image reconstruction from axial CB scan data. Significance The proposed 3D weighted axial CB-BPF/DBPF cascaded with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> butterfly filtering can be an algorithmic solution for CT imaging in extensive clinical and preclinical applications. PMID:26660512</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15749093','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15749093"><span>Interactive 3D segmentation using connected <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> contours.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Bruin, P W; Dercksen, V J; Post, F H; Vossepoel, A M; Streekstra, G J; Vos, F M</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>This paper describes a new method for interactive segmentation that is based on cross-sectional design and 3D modelling. The method represents a 3D model by a set of connected contours that are planar and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>. Planar contours overlayed on image data are easily manipulated and linked contours reduce the amount of user interaction.1 This method solves the contour-to-contour correspondence problem and can capture extrema of objects in a more flexible way than manual segmentation of a stack of 2D images. The resulting 3D model is guaranteed to be free of geometric and topological errors. We show that manual segmentation using connected <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> contours has great advantages over conventional manual segmentation. Furthermore, the method provides effective feedback and control for creating an initial model for, and control and steering of, (semi-)automatic segmentation methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhyD..239.1038A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhyD..239.1038A"><span>Numerical implementation of complex <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span>, parallel transport on Stiefel bundles, and analyticity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Avitabile, Daniele; Bridges, Thomas J.</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>Numerical integration of complex linear systems of ODEs depending analytically on an eigenvalue parameter are considered. Complex <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span>, which is required to stabilize the numerical integration, results in non-analytic systems. It is shown that properties of eigenvalues are still efficiently recoverable by extracting information from a non-analytic characteristic function. The orthonormal systems are constructed using the geometry of Stiefel bundles. Different forms of continuous <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> in the literature are shown to correspond to different choices of connection one-form on the Stiefel bundle. For the numerical integration, Gauss-Legendre Runge-Kutta algorithms are the principal choice for preserving <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, and performance results are shown for a range of GLRK methods. The theory and methods are tested by application to example boundary value problems including the Orr-Sommerfeld equation in hydrodynamic stability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23453827','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23453827"><span>Fabrication and deformation behaviour of multilayer Al2O3/Ti/TiO2 nanotube <span class="hlt">arrays</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baradaran, S; Basirun, W J; Zalnezhad, E; Hamdi, M; Sarhan, Ahmed A D; Alias, Y</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>In this study, titanium thin films were deposited on alumina substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The mechanical properties of the Ti coatings were evaluated in terms of adhesion strength at various RF powers, temperatures, and substrate bias voltages. The coating conditions of 400W of RF power, 250°C, and a 75V substrate bias voltage produced the strongest coating adhesion, as obtained by the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> optimisation method. TiO2 nanotube <span class="hlt">arrays</span> were grown as a second layer on the Ti substrates using electrochemical anodisation at a constant potential of 20V and anodisation times of 15min, 45min, and 75min in a NH4F electrolyte solution (75 ethylene glycol: 25 water). The anodised titanium was annealed at 450°C and 650°C in a N2 gas furnace to obtain different phases of titania, anatase and rutile, respectively. The mechanical properties of the anodised layer were investigated by nanoindentation. The results indicate that Young's modulus and hardness increased with annealing temperature to 650°C. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..314a2025D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..314a2025D"><span>Optimization of friction and wear behaviour of Al7075-Al2O3-B4C metal matrix composites using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dhanalakshmi, S.; Mohanasundararaju, N.; Venkatakrishnan, P. G.; Karthik, V.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The present study deals with investigations relating to dry sliding wear behaviour of the Al 7075 alloy, reinforced with Al2O3 and B4C. The hybrid composites are produced through Liquid Metallurgy route - Stir casting method. The amount of Al2O3 particles is varied as 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 wt% and the amount of B4C is kept constant as 3wt%. Experiments were conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi’s technique. A L27 <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> was selected for analysis of the data. The investigation is to find the effect of applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance on wear rate and Coefficient of Friction (COF) of the hybrid Al7075- Al2O3-B4C composite and to determine the optimal parameters for obtaining minimum wear rate. The samples were examined using scanning electronic microscopy after wear testing and analyzed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PMB....58.4943B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PMB....58.4943B"><span>Three-dimensional MRI-linac intra-fraction guidance using multiple <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bjerre, Troels; Crijns, Sjoerd; Rosenschöld, Per Munck af; Aznar, Marianne; Specht, Lena; Larsen, Rasmus; Keall, Paul</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>The introduction of integrated MRI-radiation therapy systems will offer live intra-fraction imaging. We propose a feasible low-latency multi-plane MRI-linac guidance strategy. In this work we demonstrate how interleaved acquired, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes can be used for low-latency tracking of the 3D trajectory of a soft-tissue target structure. The proposed strategy relies on acquiring a pre-treatment 3D breath-hold scan, extracting a 3D target template and performing template matching between this 3D template and pairs of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> 2D cine-MRI planes intersecting the target motion path. For a 60 s free-breathing series of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes, we demonstrate that the method was capable of accurately tracking the respiration related 3D motion of the left kidney. Quantitative evaluation of the method using a dataset designed for this purpose revealed a translational error of 1.15 mm for a translation of 39.9 mm. We have demonstrated how interleaved acquired, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes can be used for online tracking of soft-tissue target volumes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23807514','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23807514"><span>Three-dimensional MRI-linac intra-fraction guidance using multiple <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bjerre, Troels; Crijns, Sjoerd; af Rosenschöld, Per Munck; Aznar, Marianne; Specht, Lena; Larsen, Rasmus; Keall, Paul</p> <p>2013-07-21</p> <p>The introduction of integrated MRI-radiation therapy systems will offer live intra-fraction imaging. We propose a feasible low-latency multi-plane MRI-linac guidance strategy. In this work we demonstrate how interleaved acquired, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes can be used for low-latency tracking of the 3D trajectory of a soft-tissue target structure. The proposed strategy relies on acquiring a pre-treatment 3D breath-hold scan, extracting a 3D target template and performing template matching between this 3D template and pairs of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> 2D cine-MRI planes intersecting the target motion path. For a 60 s free-breathing series of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes, we demonstrate that the method was capable of accurately tracking the respiration related 3D motion of the left kidney. Quantitative evaluation of the method using a dataset designed for this purpose revealed a translational error of 1.15 mm for a translation of 39.9 mm. We have demonstrated how interleaved acquired, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cine-MRI planes can be used for online tracking of soft-tissue target volumes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659499','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29659499"><span>Study on the Coupling Mechanism of the <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Dipoles with Surface Plasmon in Green LED by Cathodoluminescence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feng, Yulong; Chen, Zhizhong; Jiang, Shuang; Li, Chengcheng; Chen, Yifan; Zhan, Jinglin; Chen, Yiyong; Nie, Jingxin; Jiao, Fei; Kang, Xiangning; Li, Shunfeng; Yu, Tongjun; Zhang, Guoyi; Shen, Bo</p> <p>2018-04-16</p> <p>We analyzed the coupling behavior between the localized surface plasmon (LSP) and quantum wells (QWs) using cathodoluminescence (CL) in a green light-emitting diodes (LED) with Ag nanoparticles (NPs) filled in photonic crystal (PhC) holes. Photoluminescence (PL) suppression and CL enhancement were obtained for the same green LED sample with the Ag NP <span class="hlt">array</span>. Time-resolved PL (TRPL) results indicate strong coupling between the LSP and the QWs. Three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation was performed using a three-body model consisting of two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> dipoles and a single Ag NP. The LSP–QWs coupling effect was separated from the electron-beam (e-beam)–LSP–QW system by linear approximation. The energy dissipation was significantly reduced by the z-dipole introduction under the e-beam excitation. In this paper, the coupling mechanism is discussed and a novel emission structure is proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=differential+AND+equations+AND+application&pg=4&id=EJ720443','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=differential+AND+equations+AND+application&pg=4&id=EJ720443"><span>Families of Ellipses and their <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Trajectories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ayoub, Ayoub B.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The topic of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> trajectories is taught as a geometric application of first order differential equations. Instructors usually elaborate on the concept of a family of curves to emphasize that they are different even if their members are of the same type. In this article the author considers five families of ellipses, discusses their…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA256448','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA256448"><span>Introduction to Real <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1992-06-01</p> <p>uses Green’s functions. As motivation , consider the Dirichlet problem for the unit circle in the plane, which involves finding a harmonic function u(r...xv ; a, b ; q) - TO [q-N ab+’q ; q, xq b. Orthogoy RMotion O0 (bq :q)x p.(q* ; a, b ; q) pg(q’ ; a, b ; q) (q "q), (aq)x (q ; q), (I -abq) (bq ; q... motivation and justi- fication for continued study of the intrinsic structure of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials. 99 LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Deyer, W. M., ed., CRC</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvL..92n8102W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvL..92n8102W"><span>Short-Term Memory in <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Neural Networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>White, Olivia L.; Lee, Daniel D.; Sompolinsky, Haim</p> <p>2004-04-01</p> <p>We study the ability of linear recurrent networks obeying discrete time dynamics to store long temporal sequences that are retrievable from the instantaneous state of the network. We calculate this temporal memory capacity for both distributed shift register and random <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> connectivity matrices. We show that the memory capacity of these networks scales with system size.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25076218','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25076218"><span>A novel optimal configuration form redundant MEMS inertial sensors based on the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> rotation method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cheng, Jianhua; Dong, Jinlu; Landry, Rene; Chen, Daidai</p> <p>2014-07-29</p> <p>In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) navigation systems, an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> rotation method-based nine-gyro redundant MEMS configuration is presented. By analyzing the accuracy and reliability characteristics of an inertial navigation system (INS), criteria for redundant configuration design are introduced. Then the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> rotation configuration is formed through a two-rotation of a set of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> inertial sensors around a space vector. A feasible installation method is given for the real engineering realization of this proposed configuration. The performances of the novel configuration and another six configurations are comprehensively compared and analyzed. Simulation and experimentation are also conducted, and the results show that the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> rotation configuration has the best reliability, accuracy and fault detection and isolation (FDI) performance when the number of gyros is nine.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1309..658M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1309..658M"><span>Riemann-Liouville Fractional Calculus of Certain Finite Class of Classical <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Malik, Pradeep; Swaminathan, A.</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>In this work we consider certain class of classical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials defined on the positive real line. These polynomials have their weight function related to the probability density function of F distribution and are finite in number up to <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>. We generalize these polynomials for fractional order by considering the Riemann-Liouville type operator on these polynomials. Various properties like explicit representation in terms of hypergeometric functions, differential equations, recurrence relations are derived.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1209477','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1209477"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> translation components for the in vivo incorporation of unnatural amino acids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G.; Alfonta, Lital; Chittuluru, Johnathan R.; Deiters, Alexander; Groff, Dan; Summerer, Daniel; Tsao, Meng -Lin; Wang, Jiangyun; Wu, Ning; Xie, Jianming; Zeng, Huaqiang; Seyedsayamdost, Mohammad; Turner, James</p> <p>2015-08-11</p> <p>The invention relates to <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that can incorporate unnatural amino acid into proteins produced in eubacterial host cells such as E. coli, or in a eukaryotic host such as a yeast cell. The invention provides, for example but not limited to, novel <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> synthetases, methods for identifying and making the novel synthetases, methods for producing proteins containing unnatural amino acids, and translation systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176455','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176455"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> translation components for the in vivo incorporation of unnatural amino acids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Schultz, Peter G.; Xie, Jianming; Zeng, Huaqiang</p> <p>2012-07-10</p> <p>The invention relates to <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> pairs of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that can incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins produced in eubacterial host cells such as <i>E. coli</i>, or in a eukaryotic host such as a yeast cell. The invention provides, for example but not limited to, novel <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> synthetases, methods for identifying and making the novel synthetases, methods for producing proteins containing unnatural amino acids, and translation systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25291736','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25291736"><span>Parsimonious extreme learning machine using recursive <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> least squares.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Ning; Er, Meng Joo; Han, Min</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Novel constructive and destructive parsimonious extreme learning machines (CP- and DP-ELM) are proposed in this paper. By virtue of the proposed ELMs, parsimonious structure and excellent generalization of multiinput-multioutput single hidden-layer feedforward networks (SLFNs) are obtained. The proposed ELMs are developed by innovative decomposition of the recursive <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> least squares procedure into sequential partial <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> (SPO). The salient features of the proposed approaches are as follows: 1) Initial hidden nodes are randomly generated by the ELM methodology and recursively <span class="hlt">orthogonalized</span> into an upper triangular matrix with dramatic reduction in matrix size; 2) the constructive SPO in the CP-ELM focuses on the partial matrix with the subcolumn of the selected regressor including nonzeros as the first column while the destructive SPO in the DP-ELM operates on the partial matrix including elements determined by the removed regressor; 3) termination criteria for CP- and DP-ELM are simplified by the additional residual error reduction method; and 4) the output weights of the SLFN need not be solved in the model selection procedure and is derived from the final upper triangular equation by backward substitution. Both single- and multi-output real-world regression data sets are used to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the CP- and DP-ELM in terms of parsimonious architecture and generalization accuracy. Innovative applications to nonlinear time-series modeling demonstrate superior identification results.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JMP....54c2501G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JMP....54c2501G"><span>Killing-Yano tensors in spaces admitting a hypersurface <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Killing vector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Garfinkle, David; Glass, E. N.</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>Methods are presented for finding Killing-Yano tensors, conformal Killing-Yano tensors, and conformal Killing vectors in spacetimes with a hypersurface <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Killing vector. These methods are similar to a method developed by the authors for finding Killing tensors. In all cases one decomposes both the tensor and the equation it satisfies into pieces along the Killing vector and pieces <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the Killing vector. Solving the separate equations that result from this decomposition requires less computing than integrating the original equation. In each case, examples are given to illustrate the method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..137a2014Q','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..137a2014Q"><span>Effects of process parameters on the molding quality of the micro-needle <span class="hlt">array</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Qiu, Z. J.; Ma, Z.; Gao, S.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Micro-needle <span class="hlt">array</span>, which is used in medical applications, is a kind of typical injection molded products with microstructures. Due to its tiny micro-features size and high aspect ratios, it is more likely to produce short shots defects, leading to poor molding quality. The injection molding process of the micro-needle <span class="hlt">array</span> was studied in this paper to find the effects of the process parameters on the molding quality of the micro-needle <span class="hlt">array</span> and to provide theoretical guidance for practical production of high-quality products. With the shrinkage ratio and warpage of micro needles as the evaluation indices of the molding quality, the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> experiment was conducted and the analysis of variance was carried out. According to the results, the contribution rates were calculated to determine the influence of various process parameters on molding quality. The single parameter method was used to analyse the main process parameter. It was found that the contribution rate of the holding pressure on shrinkage ratio and warpage reached 83.55% and 94.71% respectively, far higher than that of the other parameters. The study revealed that the holding pressure is the main factor which affects the molding quality of micro-needle <span class="hlt">array</span> so that it should be focused on in order to obtain plastic parts with high quality in the practical production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApSS..263..745P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApSS..263..745P"><span>Synthesis, structure characterization and catalytic activity of nickel tungstate nanoparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pourmortazavi, Seied Mahdi; Rahimi-Nasrabadi, Mehdi; Khalilian-Shalamzari, Morteza; Zahedi, Mir Mahdi; Hajimirsadeghi, Seiedeh Somayyeh; Omrani, Ismail</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> robust design was applied to optimize experimental parameters for controllable, simple and fast synthesis of nickel tungstate nanoparticles. NiWO4 nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation reaction involving addition of nickel ion solution to the tungstate aqueous reagent and then formation of nickel tungstate nucleolus which are insoluble in aqueous media. Effects of various parameters such as nickel and tungstate concentrations, flow rate of reagent addition and reactor temperature on diameter of synthesized nickel tungstate nanoparticles were investigated experimentally by the aid of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design. The results for analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that particle size of nickel tungstate can be effectively tuned by controlling significant variables involving nickel and tungstate concentrations and flow rate; while, temperature of the reactor has a no considerable effect on the size of NiWO4 particles. The ANOVA results proposed the optimum conditions for synthesis of nickel tungstate nanoparticles via this technique. Also, under optimum condition nanoparticles of NiWO4 were prepared and their structure and chemical composition were characterized by means of EDAX, XRD, SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Finally, catalytic activity of the nanoparticles in a cycloaddition reaction was examined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25800959','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25800959"><span>Intelligent Computation for Optimal Fabrication Condition of a Protein Chip with Ni-Co Alloy-Coated Surface.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chang, Yaw-Jen; Chang, Cheng-Hao</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Based on the principle of immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), it has been found that a Ni-Co alloy-coated protein chip is able to immobilize functional proteins with a His-tag attached. In this study, an intelligent computational approach was developed to promote the performance and repeatability of a Ni-Co alloy-coated protein chip. This approach was launched out of L18 experiments. Based on the experimental data, the fabrication process model of a Ni-Co protein chip was established by using an artificial neural network, and then an optimal fabrication condition was obtained using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> genetic algorithm. The result was validated experimentally and compared with a nitrocellulose chip. Consequentially, experimental outcomes revealed that the Ni-Co alloy-coated chip, fabricated using the proposed approach, had the best performance and repeatability compared with the Ni-Co chips of an L18 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design and the nitrocellulose chip. Moreover, the low fluorescent background of the chip surface gives a more precise fluorescent detection. Based on a small quantity of experiments, this proposed intelligent computation approach can significantly reduce the experimental cost and improve the product's quality. © 2015 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23876137','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23876137"><span>Statistical approach for the enhanced production of cold-active β-galactosidase from Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus: a novel marine psychrophile from deep waters of Bay of Bengal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pulicherla, K K; Kumar, P Suresh; Manideep, K; Rekha, V P B; Ghosh, Mrinmoy; Sambasiva Rao, K R S</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>In the present investigation Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus, a novel species from the deep waters of the Bay of Bengal, was explored for the production of cold-active β-galactosidase by submerged fermentation using marine broth medium as the basal medium. Effects of various medium constituents, namely, carbon, nitrogen source, pH, and temperature, were investigated using a conventional one-factor-at-a-time method. It was found that lactose, yeast extract, and bactopeptones are the most influential components for β-galactosidase production. Under optimal conditions, the production of β-galactosidase was found to be 3,864 U/mL at 20 ± 2°C, pH 6.5 ± 0.2, after 48 hr of incubation. β-Galactosidase production was further optimized by the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design of experiments and the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology. Under optimal experimental conditions the cold-active β-galactosidase enzyme production from Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus was enhanced from 3,864 U/mL to 10,657 U/mL, which is almost three times higher than the cold-active β-galactosidase production from the well-reported psychrophile Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23507687','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23507687"><span>Stir bar sorptive extraction with EG-Silicone coating for bisphenols determination in personal care products by GC-MS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cacho, Juan Ignacio; Campillo, Natalia; Viñas, Pilar; Hernández-Córdoba, Manuel</p> <p>2013-05-05</p> <p>An easy to perform analytical method for the determination of three bisphenol compounds (BPs) in commonly used personal care products (PCPs) is presented. Ethylene glycol-silicone (EG-Silicone) coated stir bars, which have recently become commercially available, are evaluated in this study for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol Z (BPZ) by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in combination with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). This new sorptive extraction phase allows the analysis of these compounds without any previous derivatization procedure. Different parameters affecting both SBSE extraction and thermal desorption were carefully optimized, using experimental designs based on the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. The procedure was applied to analyzing easily bought PCPs, providing detection limits of about 8 ng g(-1), with precisions lower than 11% in terms of relative standard deviation. Recovery studies performed at two different concentration levels provided satisfactory values for all the compounds. The analyzed personal care samples contained BPA at concentration levels ranging from 30.9 to 88.3 ng g(-1). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..114a2121K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MS%26E..114a2121K"><span>Experimental Investigation and Optimization of Response Variables in WEDM of Inconel - 718</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karidkar, S. S.; Dabade, U. A.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Effective utilisation of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) technology is challenge for modern manufacturing industries. Day by day new materials with high strengths and capabilities are being developed to fulfil the customers need. Inconel - 718 is similar kind of material which is extensively used in aerospace applications, such as gas turbine, rocket motors, and spacecraft as well as in nuclear reactors and pumps etc. This paper deals with the experimental investigation of optimal machining parameters in WEDM for Surface Roughness, Kerf Width and Dimensional Deviation using DoE such as <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> methodology, L9 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>. By keeping peak current constant at 70 A, the effect of other process parameters on above response variables were analysed. Obtained experimental results were statistically analysed using Minitab-16 software. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) shows pulse on time as the most influential parameter followed by wire tension whereas spark gap set voltage is observed to be non-influencing parameter. Multi-objective optimization technique, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), shows optimal machining parameters such as pulse on time 108 Machine unit, spark gap set voltage 50 V and wire tension 12 gm for optimal response variables considered for the experimental analysis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26ES...16a2068A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26ES...16a2068A"><span>Influence of operating conditions on the air gasification of dry refinery sludge in updraft gasifier</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ahmed, R.; Sinnathambi, C. M.</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>In the present work, details of the equilibrium modeling of dry refinery sludge (DRS) are presented using ASPEN PLUS Simulator in updraft gasifier. Due to lack of available information in the open journal on refinery sludge gasification using updraft gasifier, an evaluate for its optimum conditions on gasification is presented in this paper. For this purpose a <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design, statistical software is applied to find optimum conditions for DRS gasification. The goal is to identify the most significant process variable in DRS gasification conditions. The process variables include; oxidation zone temperature, equivalent ratio, operating pressure will be simulated and examined. Attention was focused on the effect of optimum operating conditions on the gas composition of H2 and CO (desirable) and CO2 (undesirable) in terms of mass fraction. From our results and finding it can be concluded that the syngas (H2 & CO) yield in term of mass fraction favors high oxidation zone temperature and at atmospheric pressure while CO2 acid gas favor at a high level of equivalent ratio as well as air flow rate favoring towards complete combustion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptLT.102...32P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018OptLT.102...32P"><span>TOPSIS based parametric optimization of laser micro-drilling of TBC coated nickel based superalloy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Parthiban, K.; Duraiselvam, Muthukannan; Manivannan, R.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The technique for order of preference by similarity ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach was used for optimizing the process parameters of laser micro-drilling of nickel superalloy C263 with Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC). Plasma spraying was used to deposit the TBC and a pico-second Nd:YAG pulsed laser was used to drill the specimens. Drilling angle, laser scan speed and number of passes were considered as input parameters. Based on the machining conditions, <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L8 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> was used for conducting the experimental runs. The surface roughness and surface crack density (SCD) were considered as the output measures. The surface roughness was measured using 3D White Light Interferometer (WLI) and the crack density was measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The optimized result achieved from this approach suggests reduced surface roughness and surface crack density. The holes drilled at an inclination angle of 45°, laser scan speed of 3 mm/s and 400 number of passes found to be optimum. From the Analysis of variance (ANOVA), inclination angle and number of passes were identified as the major influencing parameter. The optimized parameter combination exhibited a 19% improvement in surface finish and 12% reduction in SCD.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1007a2064R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1007a2064R"><span>Effect of the Machined Surfaces of AISI 4337 Steel to Cutting Conditions on Dry Machining Lathe</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rahim, Robbi; Napid, Suhardi; Hasibuan, Abdurrozzaq; Rahmah Sibuea, Siti; Yusmartato, Y.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The objective of the research is to obtain a cutting condition which has a good chance of realizing dry machining concept on AISI 4337 steel material by studying surface roughness, microstructure and hardness of machining surface. The data generated from the experiment were then processed and analyzed using the standard <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method L9 (34) <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>. Testing of dry and wet machining used surface test and micro hardness test for each of 27 test specimens. The machining results of the experiments showed that average surface roughness (Raavg) was obtained at optimum cutting conditions when VB 0.1 μm, 0.3 μm and 0.6 μm respectively 1.467 μm, 2.133 μm and 2,800 μm fo r dry machining while which was carried out by wet machining the results obtained were 1,833 μm, 2,667 μm and 3,000 μm. It can be concluded that dry machining provides better surface quality of machinery results than wet machining. Therefore, dry machining is a good choice that may be realized in the manufacturing and automotive industries.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED074156.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED074156.pdf"><span>The Computation of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Independent Cluster Solutions and Their Oblique Analogs in Factor Analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hofmann, Richard J.</p> <p></p> <p>A very general model for the computation of independent cluster solutions in factor analysis is presented. The model is discussed as being either <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> or oblique. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that for every <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> independent cluster solution there is an oblique analog. Using three illustrative examples, certain generalities are made…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10458E..18L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10458E..18L"><span>Research and design on <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> diffraction grating-based 3D nanometer displacement sensor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Baoshuai; Yuan, Yibao; Yin, Zhehao</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>This study concerns an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> diffraction grating-based nanometer displacement sensor. In this study, we performed calculation of displacements in the XYZ directions. In the optical measured path part, we used a two-dimensional <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> motion grating and a two-dimensional <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> reference grating with the pitch of 0.5um to measure the displacement of XYZ in three directions by detecting ±1st diffraction fringes. The self-collimated structure of the grating greatly extended the Z-axis range. We also simulated the optical path of the sensor with ZEMAX software and verified the feasibility of the scheme. For signal subdivision and processing, we combined large number counting (completed grating line) with small number counting (digital subdivision), realizing high multiples of subdivision of grating interference signals. We used PC to process the interference fringes and greatly improved the processing speed. In the scheme, the theoretical multiples of subdivision could reach 1024 with 10-bit AD conversion, but the actual multiples of subdivision was limited by the quality of the grating interference signals. So we introduced an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> compensation circuit and a filter circuit to improve the signal quality.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5301998','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5301998"><span>Experimental implementations of 2D IR spectroscopy through a horizontal pulse shaper design and a focal plane <span class="hlt">array</span> detector</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ghosh, Ayanjeet; Serrano, Arnaldo L.; Oudenhoven, Tracey A.; Ostrander, Joshua S.; Eklund, Elliot C.; Blair, Alexander F.; Zanni, Martin T.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Aided by advances in optical engineering, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) has developed into a promising method for probing structural dynamics in biophysics and material science. We report two new advances for 2D IR spectrometers. First, we report a fully reflective and totally horizontal pulse shaper, which significantly simplifies alignment. Second, we demonstrate the applicability of mid-IR focal plane <span class="hlt">arrays</span> (FPAs) as suitable detectors in 2D IR experiments. FPAs have more pixels than conventional linear <span class="hlt">arrays</span> and can be used to multiplex optical detection. We simultaneously measure the spectra of a reference beam, which improves the signal-to-noise by a factor of 4; and two additional beams that are <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized probe pulses for 2D IR anisotropy experiments. PMID:26907414</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPS...273..413V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JPS...273..413V"><span>New charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on the integration of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method and state of charge estimation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vo, Thanh Tu; Chen, Xiaopeng; Shen, Weixiang; Kapoor, Ajay</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, a new charging strategy of lithium-polymer batteries (LiPBs) has been proposed based on the integration of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method (TM) and state of charge estimation. The TM is applied to search an optimal charging current pattern. An adaptive switching gain sliding mode observer (ASGSMO) is adopted to estimate the SOC which controls and terminates the charging process. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed charging strategy can successfully charge the same types of LiPBs with different capacities and cycle life. The proposed charging strategy also provides much shorter charging time, narrower temperature variation and slightly higher energy efficiency than the equivalent constant current constant voltage charging method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1386738-chemiresistive-sensor-arrays-from-conductive-metalorganic-frameworks','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1386738-chemiresistive-sensor-arrays-from-conductive-metalorganic-frameworks"><span>Chemiresistive Sensor <span class="hlt">Arrays</span> from Conductive 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Campbell, Michael G.; Liu, Sophie F.; Swager, Timothy M.; ...</p> <p>2015-10-11</p> <p>Applications of porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in electronic devices are rare, owing in large part to a lack of MOFs that display electrical conductivity. Here, we describe the use of conductive two-dimensional (2D) MOFs as a new class of materials for chemiresistive sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We demonstrate that a family of structurally analogous 2D MOFs can be used to construct a cross-reactive sensor <span class="hlt">array</span> that allows for clear discrimination between different categories of VOCs. Lastly, experimental data show that multiple sensing mechanisms are operative with high degrees of <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, establishing that the 2D MOFs used here aremore » mechanistically unique and offer advantages relative to other known chemiresistor materials.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..DFDL27003M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..DFDL27003M"><span>The Sedimentation of Particles under <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Shear in Viscoelastic Fluids</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murch, William L.; Krishnan, Sreenath; Shaqfeh, Eric S. G.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Many engineering applications, including oil and gas recovery, require the suspension of particles in viscoelastic fluids during fluid transport and processing. A topic of specific importance involves such particle suspensions experiencing an applied shear flow in a direction perpendicular to gravity (referred to as <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> shear). Previously, it has been shown that particle sedimentation coupled with an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> shear flow can reduce the particle settling rate in elastic fluids. The underlying mechanism of this enhanced coupling drag is not fully understood, particularly at finite Weissenberg numbers. This talk examines the role of fluid elasticity on a single, non-Brownian, rigid sphere settling in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> shear using experiments and numerical simulations. New experiments were performed in a Taylor-Couette flow cell using Boger fluids to study the coupling drag as a function of the shear and sedimentation Weissenberg numbers as well as particle confinement. The elastic effect was also studied with fully 3D simulations of flow past a rigid sphere, using the FENE-P constitutive model to describe the polymeric fluid rheology. These simulations show good agreement with the experiments and allow for further insight into the mechanism of elasticity-enhanced drag. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JCoAM.233..691D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JCoAM.233..691D"><span>Zeros and logarithmic asymptotics of Sobolev <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials for exponential weights</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Díaz Mendoza, C.; Orive, R.; Pijeira Cabrera, H.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>We obtain the (contracted) weak zero asymptotics for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials with respect to Sobolev inner products with exponential weights in the real semiaxis, of the form , with [gamma]>0, which include as particular cases the counterparts of the so-called Freud (i.e., when [phi] has a polynomial growth at infinity) and Erdös (when [phi] grows faster than any polynomial at infinity) weights. In addition, the boundness of the distance of the zeros of these Sobolev <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials to the convex hull of the support and, as a consequence, a result on logarithmic asymptotics are derived.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4960565','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4960565"><span>Entanglement as a resource to distinguish <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhang, Zhi-Chao; Gao, Fei; Cao, Tian-Qing; Qin, Su-Juan; Wen, Qiao-Yan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>It is known that there are many sets of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states which cannot be distinguished perfectly by local operations and classical communication (LOCC). However, these discussions have left the following open question: What entanglement resources are necessary and/or sufficient for this task to be possible with LOCC? In m ⊗ n, certain classes of unextendible product bases (UPB) which can be distinguished perfectly using entanglement as a resource, had been presented in 2008. In this paper, we present protocols which use entanglement more efficiently than teleportation to distinguish some classes of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states in m ⊗ n, which are not UPB. For the open question, our results offer rather general insight into why entanglement is useful for such tasks, and present a better understanding of the relationship between entanglement and nonlocality. PMID:27458034</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22391511-development-process-parameters-nm-pmos-using-analytical-modeling','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22391511-development-process-parameters-nm-pmos-using-analytical-modeling"><span>Development of process parameters for 22 nm PMOS using 2-D analytical modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Maheran, A. H. Afifah; Menon, P. S.; Shaari, S.</p> <p>2015-04-24</p> <p>The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (CMOSFET) has become major challenge to scaling and integration. Innovation in transistor structures and integration of novel materials are necessary to sustain this performance trend. CMOS variability in the scaling technology becoming very important concern due to limitation of process control; over statistically variability related to the fundamental discreteness and materials. Minimizing the transistor variation through technology optimization and ensuring robust product functionality and performance is the major issue.In this article, the continuation study on process parameters variations is extended and delivered thoroughly in order to achieve a minimum leakage current (I{sub LEAK}) onmore » PMOS planar transistor at 22 nm gate length. Several device parameters are varies significantly using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method to predict the optimum combination of process parameters fabrication. A combination of high permittivity material (high-k) and metal gate are utilized accordingly as gate structure where the materials include titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) and tungsten silicide (WSi{sub x}). Then the L9 of the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> is used to analyze the device simulation where the results of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Smaller-the-Better (STB) scheme are studied through the percentage influences of the process parameters. This is to achieve a minimum I{sub LEAK} where the maximum predicted I{sub LEAK} value by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2011 is said to should not above 100 nA/µm. Final results shows that the compensation implantation dose acts as the dominant factor with 68.49% contribution in lowering the device’s leakage current. The absolute process parameters combination results in I{sub LEAK} mean value of 3.96821 nA/µm where is far lower than the predicted value.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=equations+AND+differential&pg=4&id=EJ789614','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=equations+AND+differential&pg=4&id=EJ789614"><span>Systems of Differential Equations with Skew-Symmetric, <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Matrices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Glaister, P.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The solution of a system of linear, inhomogeneous differential equations is discussed. The particular class considered is where the coefficient matrix is skew-symmetric and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>, and where the forcing terms are sinusoidal. More general matrices are also considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........36L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........36L"><span>A Novel Approach to Beam Steering Using <span class="hlt">Arrays</span> Composed of Multiple Unique Radiating Modes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Labadie, Nathan Richard</p> <p></p> <p>Phased <span class="hlt">array</span> antennas have found wide application in both radar and wireless communications systems particularly as implementation costs continue to decrease. The primary advantages of electronically scanned <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are speed of beam scan and versatility of beamforming compared to mechanically scanned fixed beam antennas. These benefits come at the cost of a few well known design issues including element pattern rolloff and mutual coupling between elements. Our primary contribution to the field of research is the demonstration of significant improvement in phased <span class="hlt">array</span> scan performance using multiple unique radiating modes. In short, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> radiating modes have minimal coupling by definition and can also be generated with reduced rolloff at wide scan angles. In this dissertation, we present a combination of analysis, full-wave electromagnetic simulation and measured data to support our claims. The novel folded ring resonator (FRR) antenna is introduced as a wideband and multi-band element embedded in a grounded dielectric substrate. Multiple radiating modes of a small ground plane excited by a four element FRR <span class="hlt">array</span> were also investigated. A novel hemispherical null steering antenna composed of two collocated radiating elements, each supporting a unique radiating mode, is presented in the context of an anti-jam GPS receiver application. Both the antenna aperture and active feed network were fabricated and measured showing excellent agreement with analytical and simulated data. The concept of using an antenna supporting multiple radiating modes for beam steering is also explored. A 16 element hybrid linear phased <span class="hlt">array</span> was fabricated and measured demonstrating significantly improved scan range and scanned gain compared to a conventional phased <span class="hlt">array</span>. This idea is expanded to 2 dimensional scanning <span class="hlt">arrays</span> by analysis and simulation of a hybrid phased <span class="hlt">array</span> composed of novel multiple mode monopole on patch antenna sub-<span class="hlt">arrays</span>. Finally, we fabricated and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22314878-equivalence-dynamically-orthogonal-bi-orthogonal-methods-theory-numerical-simulations','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22314878-equivalence-dynamically-orthogonal-bi-orthogonal-methods-theory-numerical-simulations"><span>On the equivalence of dynamically <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> methods: Theory and numerical simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Choi, Minseok; Sapsis, Themistoklis P.; Karniadakis, George Em, E-mail: george_karniadakis@brown.edu</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>The Karhunen–Lòeve (KL) decomposition provides a low-dimensional representation for random fields as it is optimal in the mean square sense. Although for many stochastic systems of practical interest, described by stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs), solutions possess this low-dimensional character, they also have a strongly time-dependent form and to this end a fixed-in-time basis may not describe the solution in an efficient way. Motivated by this limitation of standard KL expansion, Sapsis and Lermusiaux (2009) [26] developed the dynamically <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> (DO) field equations which allow for the simultaneous evolution of both the spatial basis where uncertainty ‘lives’ but also themore » stochastic characteristics of uncertainty. Recently, Cheng et al. (2013) [28] introduced an alternative approach, the bi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> (BO) method, which performs the exact same tasks, i.e. it evolves the spatial basis and the stochastic characteristics of uncertainty. In the current work we examine the relation of the two approaches and we prove theoretically and illustrate numerically their equivalence, in the sense that one method is an exact reformulation of the other. We show this by deriving a linear and invertible transformation matrix described by a matrix differential equation that connects the BO and the DO solutions. We also examine a pathology of the BO equations that occurs when two eigenvalues of the solution cross, resulting in an instantaneous, infinite-speed, internal rotation of the computed spatial basis. We demonstrate that despite the instantaneous duration of the singularity this has important implications on the numerical performance of the BO approach. On the other hand, it is observed that the BO is more stable in nonlinear problems involving a relatively large number of modes. Several examples, linear and nonlinear, are presented to illustrate the DO and BO methods as well as their equivalence.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28070925','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28070925"><span>Bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Fluorescent Labelling of Biopolymers through Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels-Alder Reactions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kozma, Eszter; Demeter, Orsolya; Kele, Péter</p> <p>2017-03-16</p> <p>Bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> labelling schemes based on inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition have attracted much attention in chemical biology recently. The appealing features of this reaction, such as the fast reaction kinetics, fully bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> nature and high selectivity, have helped chemical biologists gain deeper understanding of biochemical processes at the molecular level. Listing the components and discussing the possibilities and limitations of these reagents, we provide a recent snapshot of the field of IEDDA-based biomolecular manipulation with special focus on fluorescent modulation approaches through the use of bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonalized</span> building blocks. At the end, we discuss challenges that need to be addressed for further developments in order to overcome recent limitations and to enable researchers to answer biomolecular questions in more detail. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287918','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287918"><span>A square-plate ultrasonic linear motor operating in two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> first bending modes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Zhijiang; Li, Xiaotian; Chen, Jianguo; Dong, Shuxiang</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A novel square-plate piezoelectric ultrasonic linear motor operated in two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> first bending vibration modes (B₁) is proposed. The piezoelectric vibrator of the linear motor is simply made of a single PZT ceramic plate (sizes: 15 x 15 x 2 mm) and poled in its thickness direction. The top surface electrode of the square ceramic plate was divided into four active areas along its two diagonal lines for exciting two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> B₁ modes. The achieved driving force and speed from the linear motor are 1.8 N and 230 mm/s, respectively, under one pair <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> voltage drive of 150 V(p-p) at the resonance frequency of 92 kHz. The proposed linear motor has advantages over conventional ultrasonic linear motors, such as relatively larger driving force, very simple working mode and structure, and low fabrication cost.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApPhL.101v3108L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApPhL.101v3108L"><span>Direct measurement of radiative scattering of surface plasmon polariton resonance from metallic <span class="hlt">arrays</span> by polarization-resolved reflectivity spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lo, H. Y.; Chan, C. Y.; Ong, H. C.</p> <p>2012-11-01</p> <p>We have measured the radiative scattering from two-dimensional metallic <span class="hlt">arrays</span> by using polarization-resolved reflectivity spectroscopy. We find the reflectivity spectra follow the Fano-like model that can be derived from temporal coupled mode theory and Jones matrix calculus. By <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> orienting the incident polarizer and the detection analyzer, reflectivity dips flip into peaks and the radiative scattering efficiency can be determined accordingly. The dependence of total radiative scattering efficiency on wavelength and hole diameter is found to agree well with Rayleigh scattering by single hole.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5982615','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5982615"><span>Ultrasonic Phased <span class="hlt">Array</span> Compressive Imaging in Time and Frequency Domain: Simulation, Experimental Verification and Real Application</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bai, Zhiliang; Chen, Shili; Jia, Lecheng; Zeng, Zhoumo</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Embracing the fact that one can recover certain signals and images from far fewer measurements than traditional methods use, compressive sensing (CS) provides solutions to huge amounts of data collection in phased <span class="hlt">array</span>-based material characterization. This article describes how a CS framework can be utilized to effectively compress ultrasonic phased <span class="hlt">array</span> images in time and frequency domains. By projecting the image onto its Discrete Cosine transform domain, a novel scheme was implemented to verify the potentiality of CS for data reduction, as well as to explore its reconstruction accuracy. The results from CIVA simulations indicate that both time and frequency domain CS can accurately reconstruct <span class="hlt">array</span> images using samples less than the minimum requirements of the Nyquist theorem. For experimental verification of three types of artificial flaws, although a considerable data reduction can be achieved with defects clearly preserved, it is currently impossible to break Nyquist limitation in the time domain. Fortunately, qualified recovery in the frequency domain makes it happen, meaning a real breakthrough for phased <span class="hlt">array</span> image reconstruction. As a case study, the proposed CS procedure is applied to the inspection of an engine cylinder cavity containing different pit defects and the results show that <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> matching pursuit (OMP)-based CS guarantees the performance for real application. PMID:29738452</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818070','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23818070"><span>Evaluation of B. subtilis SPB1 biosurfactants' potency for diesel-contaminated soil washing: optimization of oil desorption using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mnif, Inès; Sahnoun, Rihab; Ellouze-Chaabouni, Semia; Ghribi, Dhouha</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Low solubility of certain hydrophobic soil contaminants limits remediation process. Surface-active compounds can improve the solubility and removal of hydrophobic compounds from contaminated soils and, consequently, their biodegradation. Hence, this paper aims to study desorption efficiency of oil from soil of SPB1 lipopeptide biosurfactant. The effect of different physicochemical parameters on desorption potency was assessed. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> experimental design method was applied in order to enhance the desorption capacity and establish the best washing parameters. Mobilization potency was compared to those of chemical surfactants under the newly defined conditions. Better desorption capacity was obtained using 0.1% biosurfacatnt solution and the mobilization potency shows great tolerance to acidic and alkaline pH values and salinity. Results show an optimum value of oil removal from diesel-contaminated soil of about 87%. The optimum washing conditions for surfactant solution volume, biosurfactant concentration, agitation speed, temperature, and time were found to be 12 ml/g of soil, 0.1% biosurfactant, 200 rpm, 30 °C, and 24 h, respectively. The obtained results were compared to those of SDS and Tween 80 at the optimal conditions described above, and the study reveals an effectiveness of SPB1 biosurfactant comparable to the reported chemical emulsifiers. (1) The obtained findings suggest (a) the competence of Bacillus subtilis biosurfactant in promoting diesel desorption from soil towards chemical surfactants and (b) the applicability of this method in decontaminating crude oil-contaminated soil and, therefore, improving bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. (2) The obtained findings also suggest the adequacy of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design in promoting process efficiency. Our findings suggest that preoptimized desorption process using microbial-derived emulsifier can contribute significantly to enhancement of hydrophobic pollutants' bioavailability. This study can be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GReGr..49..130C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GReGr..49..130C"><span>Complete spacelike hypersurfaces in <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> splitted spacetimes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Colombo, Giulio; Rigoli, Marco</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>We provide some "half-space theorems" for spacelike complete non-compact hypersurfaces into <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> splitted spacetimes. In particular we generalize some recent work of Rubio and Salamanca on maximal spacelike compact hypersurfaces. Beside compactness, we also relax some of their curvature assumptions and even consider the case of nonconstant mean curvature bounded from above. The analytic tools used in various arguments are based on some forms of the weak maximum principle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1222974','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1222974"><span>Trusted materials using <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> testing. 2015 Annual report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Van Benthem, Mark</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>The purpose of this project is to prove (or disprove) that a reasonable number of simple tests can be used to provide a unique data signature for materials, changes in which could serve as a harbinger of material deviation, prompting further evaluations. The routine tests are mutually <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to any currently required materials specification tests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=euclidean+AND+distance&pg=4&id=EJ892394','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=euclidean+AND+distance&pg=4&id=EJ892394"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Projection in Teaching Regression and Financial Mathematics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kachapova, Farida; Kachapov, Ilias</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Two improvements in teaching linear regression are suggested. The first is to include the population regression model at the beginning of the topic. The second is to use a geometric approach: to interpret the regression estimate as an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> projection and the estimation error as the distance (which is minimized by the projection). Linear…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4974022','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4974022"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonalizing</span> EM: A design-based least squares algorithm</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xiong, Shifeng; Dai, Bin; Huling, Jared; Qian, Peter Z. G.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We introduce an efficient iterative algorithm, intended for various least squares problems, based on a design of experiments perspective. The algorithm, called <span class="hlt">orthogonalizing</span> EM (OEM), works for ordinary least squares and can be easily extended to penalized least squares. The main idea of the procedure is to <span class="hlt">orthogonalize</span> a design matrix by adding new rows and then solve the original problem by embedding the augmented design in a missing data framework. We establish several attractive theoretical properties concerning OEM. For the ordinary least squares with a singular regression matrix, an OEM sequence converges to the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse-based least squares estimator. For ordinary and penalized least squares with various penalties, it converges to a point having grouping coherence for fully aliased regression matrices. Convergence and the convergence rate of the algorithm are examined. Finally, we demonstrate that OEM is highly efficient for large-scale least squares and penalized least squares problems, and is considerably faster than competing methods when n is much larger than p. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. PMID:27499558</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27499558','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27499558"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonalizing</span> EM: A design-based least squares algorithm.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xiong, Shifeng; Dai, Bin; Huling, Jared; Qian, Peter Z G</p> <p></p> <p>We introduce an efficient iterative algorithm, intended for various least squares problems, based on a design of experiments perspective. The algorithm, called <span class="hlt">orthogonalizing</span> EM (OEM), works for ordinary least squares and can be easily extended to penalized least squares. The main idea of the procedure is to <span class="hlt">orthogonalize</span> a design matrix by adding new rows and then solve the original problem by embedding the augmented design in a missing data framework. We establish several attractive theoretical properties concerning OEM. For the ordinary least squares with a singular regression matrix, an OEM sequence converges to the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse-based least squares estimator. For ordinary and penalized least squares with various penalties, it converges to a point having grouping coherence for fully aliased regression matrices. Convergence and the convergence rate of the algorithm are examined. Finally, we demonstrate that OEM is highly efficient for large-scale least squares and penalized least squares problems, and is considerably faster than competing methods when n is much larger than p . Supplementary materials for this article are available online.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA006232','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA006232"><span>Comparison of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Transforms for Teleseismic Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1974-10-31</p> <p>inverse transform Because the computations are done in-plaee( Y is both input and output <span class="hlt">arrays</span>; X is a complex buffer <span class="hlt">array</span>. The program generates...the forward transform the FFT is done first, then the <span class="hlt">array</span> is phase-shifted; for the inverse transform the reverse procedure is followed. Each</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ETTRT...4...23B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993ETTRT...4...23B"><span>An all-digital receiver for satellite audio broadcasting signals using trellis coded quasi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> code-division multiplexing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Braun, Walter; Eglin, Peter; Abello, Ricard</p> <p>1993-02-01</p> <p>Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiplex is an attractive scheme for the transmission of multiple signals over a satellite transponder. By using <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> or quasi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> spreading codes the interference between the users can be virtually eliminated. However, the acquisition and tracking of the spreading code phase can not take advantage of the code <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> since sequential acquisition and Delay-Locked loop tracking depend on correlation with code phases other than the optimal despreading phase. Hence, synchronization is a critical issue in such a system. A demonstration hardware for the verification of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> CDM synchronization and data transmission concept is being designed and implemented. The system concept, the synchronization scheme, and the implementation are described. The performance of the system is discussed based on computer simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptEn..56g3108H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptEn..56g3108H"><span>Operating scheme for the light-emitting diode <span class="hlt">array</span> of a volumetric display that exhibits multiple full-color dynamic images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hirayama, Ryuji; Shiraki, Atsushi; Nakayama, Hirotaka; Kakue, Takashi; Shimobaba, Tomoyoshi; Ito, Tomoyoshi</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>We designed and developed a control circuit for a three-dimensional (3-D) light-emitting diode (LED) <span class="hlt">array</span> to be used in volumetric displays exhibiting full-color dynamic 3-D images. The circuit was implemented on a field-programmable gate <span class="hlt">array</span>; therefore, pulse-width modulation, which requires high-speed processing, could be operated in real time. We experimentally evaluated the developed system by measuring the luminance of an LED with varying input and confirmed that the system works appropriately. In addition, we demonstrated that the volumetric display exhibits different full-color dynamic two-dimensional images in two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> directions. Each of the exhibited images could be obtained only from the prescribed viewpoint. Such directional characteristics of the system are beneficial for applications, including digital signage, security systems, art, and amusement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4359094','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4359094"><span>Modular and <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Synthesis of Hybrid Polymers and Networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liu, Shuang; Dicker, Kevin T.; Jia, Xinqiao</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Biomaterials scientists strive to develop polymeric materials with distinct chemical make-up, complex molecular architectures, robust mechanical properties and defined biological functions by drawing inspirations from biological systems. Salient features of biological designs include (1) repetitive presentation of basic motifs; and (2) efficient integration of diverse building blocks. Thus, an appealing approach to biomaterials synthesis is to combine synthetic and natural building blocks in a modular fashion employing novel chemical methods. Over the past decade, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> chemistries have become powerful enabling tools for the modular synthesis of advanced biomaterials. These reactions require building blocks with complementary functionalities, occur under mild conditions in the presence of biological molecules and living cells and proceed with high yield and exceptional selectivity. These chemistries have facilitated the construction of complex polymers and networks in a step-growth fashion, allowing facile modulation of materials properties by simple variations of the building blocks. In this review, we first summarize features of several types of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> chemistries. We then discuss recent progress in the synthesis of step growth linear polymers, dendrimers and networks that find application in drug delivery, 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. Overall, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> reactions and modulular synthesis have not only minimized the steps needed for the desired chemical transformations but also maximized the diversity and functionality of the final products. The modular nature of the design, combined with the potential synergistic effect of the hybrid system, will likely result in novel hydrogel matrices with robust structures and defined functions. PMID:25572255</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327972','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327972"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> decomposition of left ventricular remodeling in myocardial infarction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xingyu; Medrano-Gracia, Pau; Ambale-Venkatesh, Bharath; Bluemke, David A; Cowan, Brett R; Finn, J Paul; Kadish, Alan H; Lee, Daniel C; Lima, Joao A C; Young, Alistair A; Suinesiaputra, Avan</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Left ventricular size and shape are important for quantifying cardiac remodeling in response to cardiovascular disease. Geometric remodeling indices have been shown to have prognostic value in predicting adverse events in the clinical literature, but these often describe interrelated shape changes. We developed a novel method for deriving <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> remodeling components directly from any (moderately independent) set of clinical remodeling indices. Six clinical remodeling indices (end-diastolic volume index, sphericity, relative wall thickness, ejection fraction, apical conicity, and longitudinal shortening) were evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance images of 300 patients with myocardial infarction, and 1991 asymptomatic subjects, obtained from the Cardiac Atlas Project. Partial least squares (PLS) regression of left ventricular shape models resulted in remodeling components that were optimally associated with each remodeling index. A Gram-Schmidt <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> process, by which remodeling components were successively removed from the shape space in the order of shape variance explained, resulted in a set of orthonormal remodeling components. Remodeling scores could then be calculated that quantify the amount of each remodeling component present in each case. A one-factor PLS regression led to more decoupling between scores from the different remodeling components across the entire cohort, and zero correlation between clinical indices and subsequent scores. The PLS <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> remodeling components had similar power to describe differences between myocardial infarction patients and asymptomatic subjects as principal component analysis, but were better associated with well-understood clinical indices of cardiac remodeling. The data and analyses are available from www.cardiacatlas.org. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5791439','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5791439"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> decomposition of left ventricular remodeling in myocardial infarction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xingyu; Medrano-Gracia, Pau; Ambale-Venkatesh, Bharath; Bluemke, David A.; Cowan, Brett R; Finn, J. Paul; Kadish, Alan H.; Lee, Daniel C.; Lima, Joao A. C.; Young, Alistair A.; Suinesiaputra, Avan</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Left ventricular size and shape are important for quantifying cardiac remodeling in response to cardiovascular disease. Geometric remodeling indices have been shown to have prognostic value in predicting adverse events in the clinical literature, but these often describe interrelated shape changes. We developed a novel method for deriving <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> remodeling components directly from any (moderately independent) set of clinical remodeling indices. Results: Six clinical remodeling indices (end-diastolic volume index, sphericity, relative wall thickness, ejection fraction, apical conicity, and longitudinal shortening) were evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance images of 300 patients with myocardial infarction, and 1991 asymptomatic subjects, obtained from the Cardiac Atlas Project. Partial least squares (PLS) regression of left ventricular shape models resulted in remodeling components that were optimally associated with each remodeling index. A Gram–Schmidt <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> process, by which remodeling components were successively removed from the shape space in the order of shape variance explained, resulted in a set of orthonormal remodeling components. Remodeling scores could then be calculated that quantify the amount of each remodeling component present in each case. A one-factor PLS regression led to more decoupling between scores from the different remodeling components across the entire cohort, and zero correlation between clinical indices and subsequent scores. Conclusions: The PLS <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> remodeling components had similar power to describe differences between myocardial infarction patients and asymptomatic subjects as principal component analysis, but were better associated with well-understood clinical indices of cardiac remodeling. The data and analyses are available from www.cardiacatlas.org. PMID:28327972</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273744','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273744"><span>Crystallographic alignment of high-density gallium nitride nanowire <span class="hlt">arrays</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kuykendall, Tevye; Pauzauskie, Peter J; Zhang, Yanfeng; Goldberger, Joshua; Sirbuly, Donald; Denlinger, Jonathan; Yang, Peidong</p> <p>2004-08-01</p> <p>Single-crystalline, one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures are considered to be one of the critical building blocks for nanoscale optoelectronics. Elucidation of the vapour-liquid-solid growth mechanism has already enabled precise control over nanowire position and size, yet to date, no reports have demonstrated the ability to choose from different crystallographic growth directions of a nanowire <span class="hlt">array</span>. Control over the nanowire growth direction is extremely desirable, in that anisotropic parameters such as thermal and electrical conductivity, index of refraction, piezoelectric polarization, and bandgap may be used to tune the physical properties of nanowires made from a given material. Here we demonstrate the use of metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) and appropriate substrate selection to control the crystallographic growth directions of high-density <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of gallium nitride nanowires with distinct geometric and physical properties. Epitaxial growth of wurtzite gallium nitride on (100) gamma-LiAlO(2) and (111) MgO single-crystal substrates resulted in the selective growth of nanowires in the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> [1\\[Evec]0] and [001] directions, exhibiting triangular and hexagonal cross-sections and drastically different optical emission. The MOCVD process is entirely compatible with the current GaN thin-film technology, which would lead to easy scale-up and device integration.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175495','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1175495"><span>Simultaneous multi-beam planar <span class="hlt">array</span> IR (pair) spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Elmore, Douglas L.; Rabolt, John F.; Tsao, Mei-Wei</p> <p>2005-09-13</p> <p>An apparatus and method capable of providing spatially multiplexed IR spectral information simultaneously in real-time for multiple samples or multiple spatial areas of one sample using IR absorption phenomena requires no moving parts or Fourier Transform during operation, and self-compensates for background spectra and degradation of component performance over time. IR spectral information and chemical analysis of the samples is determined by using one or more IR sources, sampling accessories for positioning the samples, optically dispersive elements, a focal plane <span class="hlt">array</span> (FPA) arranged to detect the dispersed light beams, and a processor and display to control the FPA, and display an IR spectrograph. Fiber-optic coupling can be used to allow remote sensing. Portability, reliability, and ruggedness is enhanced due to the no-moving part construction. Applications include determining time-resolved orientation and characteristics of materials, including polymer monolayers. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> polarizers may be used to determine certain material characteristics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17821998','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17821998"><span>Experimental verification of beam quality in high-contrast imaging with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> bremsstrahlung photon beams.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sarfehnia, Arman; Jabbari, Keyvan; Seuntjens, Jan; Podgorsak, Ervin B</p> <p>2007-07-01</p> <p>Since taken with megavoltage, forward-directed bremsstrahlung beams, the image quality of current portal images is inferior to that of diagnostic quality images produced by kilovoltage beams. In this paper, the beam quality of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> bremsstrahlung beams defined as the 90 degrees component of the bremsstrahlung distribution produced from megavoltage electron pencil beams striking various targets is presented, and the suitability of their use for improved radiotherapy imaging is evaluated. A 10 MeV electron beam emerging through the research port of a Varian Clinac-18 linac was made to strike targets of carbon, aluminum, and copper. PDD and attenuation measurements of both the forward and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> beams were carried out, and the results were also used to estimate the effective and mean energy of the beams. The mean energy of a spectrum produced by a carbon target dropped by 83% from 1296 keV in the forward direction to 217 keV in the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> direction, while for an aluminum target it dropped by 77% to 412 keV, and for a copper target by 65% to 793 keV. An in-depth Monte Carlo study of photon yield and electron contamination was also performed. Photon yield and effective energy are lower for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> beams than for forward beams, and the differences are more pronounced for targets of lower atomic number. Using their relatively low effective energy, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> bremsstrahlung beams produced by megavoltage electrons striking low atomic number targets yield images with a higher contrast in comparison with forward bremsstrahlung beams.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA054552','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA054552"><span>A Set of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials That Generalize the Racah Coefficients or 6 - j Symbols.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>1978-03-01</p> <p>Generalized Hypergeometric Functions, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1966. [11] D. Stanton, Some basic hypergeometric polynomials arising from... Some bas ic hypergeometr ic an a logues of the classical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials and applications , to appear. [3] C. de Boor and G. H. Golub , The...Report #1833 A SET OF <span class="hlt">ORTHOGONAL</span> POLYNOMIALS THAT GENERALIZE THE RACAR COEFFICIENTS OR 6 — j SYMBOLS Richard Askey and James Wilson •</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0567.photos.135732p/','SCIGOV-HHH'); return false;" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0567.photos.135732p/"><span>13. Credit JTL: Detail, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> view of Egyptian Revivial decorative ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/">Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>13. Credit JTL: Detail, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> view of Egyptian Revivial decorative motifs used typically at midpoints of diagonals - Reading-Halls Station Bridge, U.S. Route 220, spanning railroad near Halls Station, Muncy, Lycoming County, PA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22597099-novel-calibration-method-non-orthogonal-shaft-laser-theodolite-measurement-system','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22597099-novel-calibration-method-non-orthogonal-shaft-laser-theodolite-measurement-system"><span>A novel calibration method for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> shaft laser theodolite measurement system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wu, Bin, E-mail: wubin@tju.edu.cn, E-mail: xueting@tju.edu.cn; Yang, Fengting; Ding, Wen</p> <p>2016-03-15</p> <p>Non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> shaft laser theodolite (N-theodolite) is a new kind of large-scale metrological instrument made up by two rotary tables and one collimated laser. There are three axes for an N-theodolite. According to naming conventions in traditional theodolite, rotary axes of two rotary tables are called as horizontal axis and vertical axis, respectively, and the collimated laser beam is named as sight axis. And the difference between N-theodolite and traditional theodolite is obvious, since the former one with no <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and intersecting accuracy requirements. So the calibration method for traditional theodolite is no longer suitable for N-theodolite, while the calibration methodmore » applied currently is really complicated. Thus this paper introduces a novel calibration method for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> shaft laser theodolite measurement system to simplify the procedure and to improve the calibration accuracy. A simple two-step process, calibration for intrinsic parameters and for extrinsic parameters, is proposed by the novel method. And experiments have shown its efficiency and accuracy.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1255653-design-implementation-hall-effect-sensor-array-applied-recycling-hard-drive-magnets','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1255653-design-implementation-hall-effect-sensor-array-applied-recycling-hard-drive-magnets"><span>Design and Implementation of a Hall Effect Sensor <span class="hlt">Array</span> Applied to Recycling Hard Drive Magnets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Kisner, Roger; Lenarduzzi, Roberto; Killough, Stephen M</p> <p></p> <p>Rare earths are an important resource for many electronic components and technologies. Examples abound including Neodymium magnets used in mobile devices and computer hard drives (HDDs), and a variety of renewable energy technologies (e.g., wind turbines). Approximately 21,000 metric tons of Neodymium is processed annually with less than 1% being recycled. An economic system to assist in the recycling of magnet material from post-consumer goods, such as Neodymium Iron Boron magnets commonly found in hard drives is presented. A central component of this recycling measurement system uses an <span class="hlt">array</span> of 128 Hall Effect sensors arranged in two columns to detectmore » the magnetic flux lines <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to the HDD. Results of using the system to scan planar shaped objects such as hard drives to identify and spatially locate rare-earth magnets for removal and recycling from HDDs are presented. Applications of the sensor <span class="hlt">array</span> in other identification and localization of magnetic components and assemblies will be presented.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693825','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693825"><span>Sample-independent approach to normalize two-dimensional data for <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> evaluation using whole separation space scaling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jáčová, Jaroslava; Gardlo, Alžběta; Friedecký, David; Adam, Tomáš; Dimandja, Jean-Marie D</p> <p>2017-08-18</p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> is a key parameter that is used to evaluate the separation power of chromatography-based two-dimensional systems. It is necessary to scale the separation data before the assessment of the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>. Current scaling approaches are sample-dependent, and the extent of the retention space that is converted into a normalized retention space is set according to the retention times of the first and last analytes contained in a unique sample to elute. The presence or absence of a highly retained analyte in a sample can thus significantly influence the amount of information (in terms of the total amount of separation space) contained in the normalized retention space considered for the calculation of the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>. We propose a Whole Separation Space Scaling (WOSEL) approach that accounts for the whole separation space delineated by the analytical method, and not the sample. This approach enables an <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>-based evaluation of the efficiency of the analytical system that is independent of the sample selected. The WOSEL method was compared to two currently used <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> approaches through the evaluation of in silico-generated chromatograms and real separations of human biofluids and petroleum samples. WOSEL exhibits sample-to-sample stability values of 3.8% on real samples, compared to 7.0% and 10.1% for the two other methods, respectively. Using real analyses, we also demonstrate that some previously developed approaches can provide misleading conclusions on the overall <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of a two-dimensional chromatographic system. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..184a2048H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..184a2048H"><span>Flank wear analysing of high speed end milling for hardened steel D2 using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hazza Faizi Al-Hazza, Muataz; Ibrahim, Nur Asmawiyah bt; Adesta, Erry T. Y.; Khan, Ahsan Ali; Abdullah Sidek, Atiah Bt.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>One of the main challenges for any manufacturer is how to decrease the machining cost without affecting the final quality of the product. One of the new advanced machining processes in industry is the high speed hard end milling process that merges three advanced machining processes: high speed milling, hard milling and dry milling. However, one of the most important challenges in this process is to control the flank wear rate. Therefore a analyzing the flank wear rate during machining should be investigated in order to determine the best cutting levels that will not affect the final quality of the product. In this research <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method has been used to investigate the effect of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut and determine the best level s to minimize the flank wear rate up to total length of 0.3mm based on the ISO standard to maintain the finishing requirements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4170847','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4170847"><span>Comparison of linear measurements between CBCT <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> synthesized cephalograms and conventional cephalograms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, S; Liu, D G</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Objectives: The purposes of the study are to investigate the consistency of linear measurements between CBCT <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> synthesized cephalograms and conventional cephalograms and to evaluate the influence of different magnifications on these comparisons based on a simulation algorithm. Methods: Conventional cephalograms and CBCT scans were taken on 12 dry skulls with spherical metal markers. <span class="hlt">Orthogonally</span> synthesized cephalograms were created from CBCT data. Linear parameters on both cephalograms were measured via Photoshop CS v. 5.0 (Adobe® Systems, San Jose, CA), named measurement group (MG). Bland–Altman analysis was utilized to assess the agreement of two imaging modalities. Reproducibility was investigated using paired t-test. By a specific mathematical programme “cepha”, corresponding linear parameters [mandibular corpus length (Go-Me), mandibular ramus length (Co-Go), posterior facial height (Go-S)] on these two types of cephalograms were calculated, named simulation group (SG). Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between MG and SG. Simulated linear measurements with varying magnifications were generated based on “cepha” as well. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement of simulated measurements between two modalities. Results: Bland–Altman analysis suggested the agreement between measurements on conventional cephalograms and <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> synthesized cephalograms, with a mean bias of 0.47 mm. Comparison between MG and SG showed that the difference did not reach clinical significance. The consistency between simulated measurements of both modalities with four different magnifications was demonstrated. Conclusions: Normative data of conventional cephalograms could be used for CBCT <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> synthesized cephalograms during this transitional period. PMID:25029593</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19942502','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19942502"><span>An integrated circuit with transmit beamforming flip-chip bonded to a 2-D CMUT <span class="hlt">array</span> for 3-D ultrasound imaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wygant, Ira O; Jamal, Nafis S; Lee, Hyunjoo J; Nikoozadeh, Amin; Oralkan, Omer; Karaman, Mustafa; Khuri-Yakub, Butrus T</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>State-of-the-art 3-D medical ultrasound imaging requires transmitting and receiving ultrasound using a 2-D <span class="hlt">array</span> of ultrasound transducers with hundreds or thousands of elements. A tight combination of the transducer <span class="hlt">array</span> with integrated circuitry eliminates bulky cables connecting the elements of the transducer <span class="hlt">array</span> to a separate system of electronics. Furthermore, preamplifiers located close to the <span class="hlt">array</span> can lead to improved receive sensitivity. A combined IC and transducer <span class="hlt">array</span> can lead to a portable, high-performance, and inexpensive 3-D ultrasound imaging system. This paper presents an IC flip-chip bonded to a 16 x 16-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) <span class="hlt">array</span> for 3-D ultrasound imaging. The IC includes a transmit beamformer that generates 25-V unipolar pulses with programmable focusing delays to 224 of the 256 transducer elements. One-shot circuits allow adjustment of the pulse widths for different ultrasound transducer center frequencies. For receiving reflected ultrasound signals, the IC uses the 32-elements along the <span class="hlt">array</span> diagonals. The IC provides each receiving element with a low-noise 25-MHz-bandwidth transimpedance amplifier. Using a field-programmable gate <span class="hlt">array</span> (FPGA) clocked at 100 MHz to operate the IC, the IC generated properly timed transmit pulses with 5-ns accuracy. With the IC flip-chip bonded to a CMUT <span class="hlt">array</span>, we show that the IC can produce steered and focused ultrasound beams. We present 2-D and 3-D images of a wire phantom and 2-D <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cross-sectional images (Bscans) of a latex heart phantom.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEIC.tmp...29R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEIC.tmp...29R"><span>Force Modelling in <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Cutting Considering Flank Wear Effect</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rathod, Kanti Bhikhubhai; Lalwani, Devdas I.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>In the present work, an attempt has been made to provide a predictive cutting force model during <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cutting by combining two different force models, that is, a force model for a perfectly sharp tool plus considering the effect of edge radius and a force model for a worn tool. The first force model is for a perfectly sharp tool that is based on Oxley's predictive machining theory for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> cutting as the Oxley's model is for perfectly sharp tool, the effect of cutting edge radius (hone radius) is added and improve model is presented. The second force model is based on worn tool (flank wear) that was proposed by Waldorf. Further, the developed combined force model is also used to predict flank wear width using inverse approach. The performance of the developed combined total force model is compared with the previously published results for AISI 1045 and AISI 4142 materials and found reasonably good agreement.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990SPIE.1246...70H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990SPIE.1246...70H"><span>USC <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multiprocessor for image processing with neural networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hwang, Kai; Panda, Dhabaleswar K.; Haddadi, Navid</p> <p>1990-07-01</p> <p>This paper presents the architectural features and imaging applications of the <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> MultiProcessor (OMP) system, which is under construction at the University of Southern California with research funding from NSF and assistance from several industrial partners. The prototype OMP is being built with 16 Intel i860 RISC microprocessors and 256 parallel memory modules using custom-designed spanning buses, which are 2-D interleaved and <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> accessed without conflicts. The 16-processor OMP prototype is targeted to achieve 430 MIPS and 600 Mflops, which have been verified by simulation experiments based on the design parameters used. The prototype OMP machine will be initially applied for image processing, computer vision, and neural network simulation applications. We summarize important vision and imaging algorithms that can be restructured with neural network models. These algorithms can efficiently run on the OMP hardware with linear speedup. The ultimate goal is to develop a high-performance Visual Computer (Viscom) for integrated low- and high-level image processing and vision tasks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvD..90f4052P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhRvD..90f4052P"><span>Radar <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> and radar length in Finsler and metric spacetime geometry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pfeifer, Christian</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>The radar experiment connects the geometry of spacetime with an observers measurement of spatial length. We investigate the radar experiment on Finsler spacetimes which leads to a general definition of radar <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> and radar length. The directions radar <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to an observer form the spatial equal time surface an observer experiences and the radar length is the physical length the observer associates to spatial objects. We demonstrate these concepts on a forth order polynomial Finsler spacetime geometry which may emerge from area metric or premetric linear electrodynamics or in quantum gravity phenomenology. In an explicit generalization of Minkowski spacetime geometry we derive the deviation from the Euclidean spatial length measure in an observers rest frame explicitly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1004a2016A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS1004a2016A"><span>Face Hallucination with Linear Regression Model in Semi-<span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Multilinear PCA Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Asavaskulkiet, Krissada</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In this paper, we propose a new face hallucination technique, face images reconstruction in HSV color space with a semi-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multilinear principal component analysis method. This novel hallucination technique can perform directly from tensors via tensor-to-vector projection by imposing the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> constraint in only one mode. In our experiments, we use facial images from FERET database to test our hallucination approach which is demonstrated by extensive experiments with high-quality hallucinated color faces. The experimental results assure clearly demonstrated that we can generate photorealistic color face images by using the SO-MPCA subspace with a linear regression model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26836144','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26836144"><span>A novel depth-of-interaction block detector for positron emission tomography using a dichotomous <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> symmetry decoding concept.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yuxuan; Yan, Han; Baghaei, Hossain; Wong, Wai-Hoi</p> <p>2016-02-21</p> <p>Conventionally, a dual-end depth-of-interaction (DOI) block detector readout requires two two-dimensional silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) <span class="hlt">arrays</span>, one on top and one on the bottom, to define the XYZ positions. However, because both the top and bottom SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are reading the same pixels, this creates information redundancy. We propose a dichotomous <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> symmetric (DOS) dual-end readout block detector design, which removes this redundancy by reducing the number of SiPMs and still achieves XY and DOI (Z) decoding for positron emission tomography (PET) block detector. Reflecting films are used within the block detector to channel photons going to the top of the block to go only in the X direction, and photons going to the bottom are channeled along the Y direction. Despite the unidirectional channeling on each end, the top readout provides both X and Y information using two one-dimensional SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span> instead of a two-dimensional SiPM <span class="hlt">array</span>; similarly, the bottom readout also provides both X and Y information with just two one-dimensional SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. Thus, a total of four one-dimensional SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span> (4  ×  N SiPMs) are used to decode the XYZ positions of the firing pixels instead of two two-dimensional SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span> (2  ×  N  ×  N SiPMs), reducing the number of SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span> per block from 2N(2) to 4 N for PET/MR or PET/CT systems. Moreover, the SiPM <span class="hlt">arrays</span> on one end can be replaced by two regular photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), so that a block needs only 2 N SiPMs  +  2 half-PMTs; this hybrid-DOS DOI block detector can be used in PET/CT systems. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to study the performance of our DOS DOI block detector design, including the XY-decoding quality, energy resolution, and DOI resolution. Both BGO and LSO scintillators were studied. We found that 4 mm pixels were well decoded for 5  ×  5 BGO and 9  ×  9 LSO <span class="hlt">arrays</span> with 4 to 5 mm DOI resolution and 16-20% energy resolution</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19214563','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19214563"><span>Effector identity and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> stimulus-response compatibility in blindness to response-compatible stimuli.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nishimura, Akio; Yokosawa, Kazuhiko</p> <p>2010-03-01</p> <p>Perceiving a visual stimulus is hampered when the stimulus is compatible with simultaneously prepared or executed action (blindness effect). We explored the roles of the effector identity of the responding hand and of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> compatibility (above-right/below-left correspondence) in the blindness effect. In Experiment 1, participants conducted bimanual key presses with vertically arranged responses while perceiving a brief presentation of rightward or leftward arrowheads. A blindness effect based on the effector identity did emerge, but only with the above-right/below-left key-hand arrangement. An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> blindness effect was not found in Experiment 2 with a horizontal key-press action task and a vertical arrowhead perception task. We concluded that the anatomical identity of the responding hand was not integrated into the action plan with an <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> incompatible key-hand arrangement. The findings are discussed in terms of the generality and limits of the blindness effect, and hierarchical response coding.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017TMP...192.1154K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017TMP...192.1154K"><span>Second-order evaluations of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and symplectic Yangians</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karakhanyan, D. R.; Kirschner, R.</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> or symplectic Yangians are defined by the Yang-Baxter RLL relation involving the fundamental R-matrix with the corresponding so( n) or sp(2 m) symmetry. We investigate the second-order solution conditions, where the expansion of L( u) in u -1 is truncated at the second power, and we derive the relations for the two nontrivial terms in L( u).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28811461','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28811461"><span>Sparse <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> population representation of spatial context in the retrosplenial cortex.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mao, Dun; Kandler, Steffen; McNaughton, Bruce L; Bonin, Vincent</p> <p>2017-08-15</p> <p>Sparse <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> coding is a key feature of hippocampal neural activity, which is believed to increase episodic memory capacity and to assist in navigation. Some retrosplenial cortex (RSC) neurons convey distributed spatial and navigational signals, but place-field representations such as observed in the hippocampus have not been reported. Combining cellular Ca 2+ imaging in RSC of mice with a head-fixed locomotion assay, we identified a population of RSC neurons, located predominantly in superficial layers, whose ensemble activity closely resembles that of hippocampal CA1 place cells during the same task. Like CA1 place cells, these RSC neurons fire in sequences during movement, and show narrowly tuned firing fields that form a sparse, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> code correlated with location. RSC 'place' cell activity is robust to environmental manipulations, showing partial remapping similar to that observed in CA1. This population code for spatial context may assist the RSC in its role in memory and/or navigation.Neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) encode spatial and navigational signals. Here the authors use calcium imaging to show that, similar to the hippocampus, RSC neurons also encode place cell-like activity in a sparse <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> representation, partially anchored to the allocentric cues on the linear track.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27915288','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27915288"><span>Modification of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNAs: unexpected consequences for sense codon reassignment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biddle, Wil; Schmitt, Margaret A; Fisk, John D</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Breaking the degeneracy of the genetic code via sense codon reassignment has emerged as a way to incorporate multiple copies of multiple non-canonical amino acids into a protein of interest. Here, we report the modification of a normally <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA by a host enzyme and show that this adventitious modification has a direct impact on the activity of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> tRNA in translation. We observed nearly equal decoding of both histidine codons, CAU and CAC, by an engineered <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> M. jannaschii tRNA with an AUG anticodon: tRNA Opt We suspected a modification of the tRNA Opt AUG anticodon was responsible for the anomalous lack of codon discrimination and demonstrate that adenosine 34 of tRNA Opt AUG is converted to inosine. We identified tRNA Opt AUG anticodon loop variants that increase reassignment of the histidine CAU codon, decrease incorporation in response to the histidine CAC codon, and improve cell health and growth profiles. Recognizing tRNA modification as both a potential pitfall and avenue of directed alteration will be important as the field of genetic code engineering continues to infiltrate the genetic codes of diverse organisms. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JOSAA..33..434O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JOSAA..33..434O"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span>-breaking sensing model based on the instantaneous Stokes vector and the Mueller calculus</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ortega-Quijano, Noé; Fade, Julien; Roche, Muriel; Parnet, François; Alouini, Mehdi</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Polarimetric sensing by <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> breaking has been recently proposed as an alternative technique for performing direct and fast polarimetric measurements using a specific dual-frequency dual-polarization (DFDP) source. Based on the instantaneous Stokes-Mueller formalism to describe the high-frequency evolution of the DFDP beam intensity, we thoroughly analyze the interaction of such a beam with birefringent, dichroic and depolarizing samples. This allows us to confirm that <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> breaking is produced by the sample diattenuation, whereas this technique is immune to both birefringence and diagonal depolarization. We further analyze the robustness of this technique when polarimetric sensing is performed through a birefringent waveguide, and the optimal DFDP source configuration for fiber-based endoscopic measurements is subsequently identified. Finally, we consider a stochastic depolarization model based on an ensemble of random linear diattenuators, which makes it possible to understand the progressive vanishing of the detected <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> breaking signal as the spatial heterogeneity of the sample increases, thus confirming the insensitivity of this method to diagonal depolarization. The fact that the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> breaking signal is exclusively due to the sample dichroism is an advantageous feature for the precise decoupled characterization of such an anisotropic parameter in samples showing several simultaneous effects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27531395','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27531395"><span>Physiological variation in left atrial transverse orientation does not influence <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> P-wave morphology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Petersson, Richard; Mosén, Henrik; Steding-Ehrenborg, Katarina; Carlson, Jonas; Faxén, Lisa; Mohtadi, Alan; Platonov, Pyotr G; Holmqvist, Fredrik</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>It has previously been demonstrated that <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> P-wave morphology in healthy athletes does not depend on atrial size, but the possible impact of left atrial orientation on P-wave morphology remains unknown. In this study, we investigated if left atrial transverse orientation affects P-wave morphology in different populations. Forty-seven patients with atrial fibrillation, 21 patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 67 healthy athletes, and 56 healthy volunteers were included. All underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and the orientation of the left atrium was determined. All had 12-lead electrocardiographic recordings, which were transformed into <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> leads and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> P-wave morphology was obtained. The median left atrial transverse orientation was 87 (83, 91) degrees (lower and upper quartiles) in the total study population. There was no difference in left atrial transverse orientation between individuals with different <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> P-wave morphologies. The physiological variation in left atrial orientation was small within as well as between the different populations. There was no difference in left atrial transverse orientation between subjects with type 1 and type 2 P-wave morphology, implying that in this setting the P-wave morphology was more dependent on atrial conduction than orientation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28468354','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28468354"><span>Bidirectional fiber-IVLLC and fiber-wireless convergence system with two <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized optical sidebands.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Hai-Han; Wu, Hsiao-Wen; Li, Chung-Yi; Ho, Chun-Ming; Yang, Zih-Yi; Cheng, Ming-Te; Lu, Chang-Kai</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>A bidirectional fiber-invisible laser light communication (IVLLC) and fiber-wireless convergence system with two <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized optical sidebands for hybrid cable television (CATV)/millimeter-wave (MMW)/baseband (BB) signal transmission is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Two optical sidebands generated by a 60-GHz MMW signal are <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized and separated into different polarizations. These <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized optical sidebands are delivered over a 40-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transport to effectually reduce the fiber dispersion induced by a 40-km SMF transmission and the distortion caused by the parallel polarized optical sidebands. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to adopt two <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized optical sidebands in a bidirectional fiber-IVLLC and fiber-wireless convergence system to reduce fiber dispersion and distortion effectually. Good carrier-to-noise ratio, composite second order, composite triple beat, and bit error rate (BER) are achieved for downlink transmission at a 40-km SMF operation and a 100-m free-space optical (FSO) link/3-m RF wireless transmission. For up-link transmission, good BER performance is acquired over a 40-km SMF transport and a 100-m FSO link. The approach presented in this work signifies the advancements in the convergence of SMF-based backbone and optical/RF wireless-based feeder.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625352','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29625352"><span>Beyond Low-Rank Representations: <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> clustering basis reconstruction with optimized graph structure for multi-view spectral clustering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yang; Wu, Lin</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Low-Rank Representation (LRR) is arguably one of the most powerful paradigms for Multi-view spectral clustering, which elegantly encodes the multi-view local graph/manifold structures into an intrinsic low-rank self-expressive data similarity embedded in high-dimensional space, to yield a better graph partition than their single-view counterparts. In this paper we revisit it with a fundamentally different perspective by discovering LRR as essentially a latent clustered <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> projection based representation winged with an optimized local graph structure for spectral clustering; each column of the representation is fundamentally a cluster basis <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to others to indicate its members, which intuitively projects the view-specific feature representation to be the one spanned by all <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> basis to characterize the cluster structures. Upon this finding, we propose our technique with the following: (1) We decompose LRR into latent clustered <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> representation via low-rank matrix factorization, to encode the more flexible cluster structures than LRR over primal data objects; (2) We convert the problem of LRR into that of simultaneously learning <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> clustered representation and optimized local graph structure for each view; (3) The learned <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> clustered representations and local graph structures enjoy the same magnitude for multi-view, so that the ideal multi-view consensus can be readily achieved. The experiments over multi-view datasets validate its superiority, especially over recent state-of-the-art LRR models. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442004','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442004"><span>Multi-Response Optimization of Process Parameters for Imidacloprid Removal by Reverse Osmosis Using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Design.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Genç, Nevim; Doğan, Esra Can; Narcı, Ali Oğuzhan; Bican, Emine</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>  In this study, a multi-response optimization method using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s robust design approach is proposed for imidacloprid removal by reverse osmosis. Tests were conducted with different membrane type (BW30, LFC-3, CPA-3), transmembrane pressure (TMP = 20, 25, 30 bar), volume reduction factor (VRF = 2, 3, 4), and pH (3, 7, 11). Quality and quantity of permeate are optimized with the multi-response characteristics of the total dissolved solid (TDS), conductivity, imidacloprid, and total organic carbon (TOC) rejection ratios and flux of permeate. The optimized conditions were determined as membrane type of BW30, TMP 30 bar, VRF 3, and pH 11. Under these conditions, TDS, conductivity, imidacloprid, and TOC rejections and permeate flux were 97.50 97.41, 97.80, 98.00% and 30.60 L/m2·h, respectively. Membrane type was obtained as the most effective factor; its contribution is 64%. The difference between the predicted and observed value of multi-response signal/noise (MRSN) is within the confidence interval.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...628864Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...628864Z"><span>LOCC indistinguishable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product quantum states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xiaoqian; Tan, Xiaoqing; Weng, Jian; Li, Yongjun</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>We construct two families of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product quantum states that cannot be exactly distinguished by local operation and classical communication (LOCC) in the quantum system of 2k+i ⊗ 2l+j (i, j ∈ {0, 1} and i ≥ j ) and 3k+i ⊗ 3l+j (i, j ∈ {0, 1, 2}). And we also give the tiling structure of these two families of quantum product states where the quantum states are unextendible in the first family but are extendible in the second family. Our construction in the quantum system of 3k+i ⊗ 3l+j is more generalized than the other construction such as Wang et al.’s construction and Zhang et al.’s construction, because it contains the quantum system of not only 2k ⊗ 2l and 2k+1 ⊗ 2l but also 2k ⊗ 2l+1 and 2k+1 ⊗ 2l+1. We calculate the non-commutativity to quantify the quantumness of a quantum ensemble for judging the local indistinguishability. We give a general method to judge the indistinguishability of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states for our two constructions in this paper. We also extend the dimension of the quantum system of 2k ⊗ 2l in Wang et al.’s paper. Our work is a necessary complement to understand the phenomenon of quantum nonlocality without entanglement.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921559','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921559"><span>A comparison between <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and parallel plating methods for distal humerus fractures: a prospective randomized trial.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Sang Ki; Kim, Kap Jung; Park, Kyung Hoon; Choy, Won Sik</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>With the continuing improvements in implants for distal humerus fractures, it is expected that newer types of plates, which are anatomically precontoured, thinner and less irritating to soft tissue, would have comparable outcomes when used in a clinical study. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with distal humerus fractures who were treated with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and parallel plating methods using precontoured distal humerus plates. Sixty-seven patients with a mean age of 55.4 years (range 22-90 years) were included in this prospective study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 treatments: <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> or parallel plating. The following results were assessed: operating time, time to fracture union, presence of a step or gap at the articular margin, varus-valgus angulation, functional recovery, and complications. No intergroup differences were observed based on radiological and clinical results between the groups. In our practice, no significant differences were found between the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and parallel plating methods in terms of clinical outcomes, mean operation time, union time, or complication rates. There were no cases of fracture nonunion in either group; heterotrophic ossification was found 3 patients in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> plating group and 2 patients in parallel plating group. In our practice, no significant differences were found between the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> and parallel plating methods in terms of clinical outcomes or complication rates. However, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> plating method may be preferred in cases of coronal shear fractures, where posterior to anterior fixation may provide additional stability to the intraarticular fractures. Additionally, parallel plating method may be the preferred technique used for fractures that occur at the most distal end of the humerus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JMEP...19..776K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JMEP...19..776K"><span>Modeling of Particle Emission During Dry <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Cutting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khettabi, Riad; Songmene, Victor; Zaghbani, Imed; Masounave, Jacques</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>Because of the risks associated with exposure to metallic particles, efforts are being put into controlling and reducing them during the metal working process. Recent studies by the authors involved in this project have presented the effects of cutting speeds, workpiece material, and tool geometry on particle emission during dry machining; the authors have also proposed a new parameter, named the dust unit ( D u), for use in evaluating the quantity of particle emissions relative to the quantity of chips produced during a machining operation. In this study, a model for predicting the particle emission (dust unit) during <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> turning is proposed. This model, which is based on the energy approach combined with the microfriction and the plastic deformation of the material, takes into account the tool geometry, the properties of the worked material, the cutting conditions, and the chip segmentation. The model is validated using experimental results obtained during the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> turning of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, AISI 1018, AISI 4140 steels, and grey cast iron. A good agreement was found with experimental results. This model can help in designing strategies for reducing particle emission during machining processes, at the source.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JIEIC..97..547K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JIEIC..97..547K"><span>Wear Evaluation of AISI 4140 Alloy Steel with WC/C Lamellar Coatings Sliding Against EN 8 Using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kadam, Nikhil Rajendra; Karthikeyan, Ganesarethinam</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>The purpose of the experiments in this paper is to use the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> methods to investigate the wear of WC/C coated nitrided AISI 4140 alloy steel. A study of lamellar WC/C coating which were deposited by a physical vapor deposition on nitrided AISI 4140 alloy steel. The investigation includes wear evaluation using Pin-on-disk configuration. When WC/C coated AISI 4140 alloy steel slides against EN 8 steel, it was found that carbon-rich coatings show much lower wear of the countersurface than nitrogen-rich coatings. The results were correlated with the properties determined from tribological and mechanical characterization, therefore by probably selecting the proper processing parameters the deposition of WC/C coating results in decreasing the wear rate of the substrate which shows a potential for tribological application.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.16201003M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EPJWC.16201003M"><span>Optimization of reactive-ion etching (RIE) parameters for fabrication of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) waveguide using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Muttalib, M. Firdaus A.; Chen, Ruiqi Y.; Pearce, S. J.; Charlton, Martin D. B.</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>In this paper, we demonstrate the optimization of reactive-ion etching (RIE) parameters for the fabrication of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) waveguide with chromium (Cr) hard mask in a commercial OIPT Plasmalab 80 RIE etcher. A design of experiment (DOE) using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was implemented to find optimum RF power, mixture of CHF3 and Ar gas ratio, and chamber pressure for a high etch rate, good selectivity, and smooth waveguide sidewall. It was found that the optimized etch condition obtained in this work were RF power = 200 W, gas ratio = 80 %, and chamber pressure = 30 mTorr with an etch rate of 21.6 nm/min, Ta2O5/Cr selectivity ratio of 28, and smooth waveguide sidewall.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940035735&hterms=attention+span&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dattention%2Bspan','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19940035735&hterms=attention+span&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3Dattention%2Bspan"><span>Observations on the Proper <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Decomposition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Berkooz, Gal</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The Proper <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Decomposition (P.O.D.), also known as the Karhunen-Loeve expansion, is a procedure for decomposing a stochastic field in an L(2) optimal sense. It is used in diverse disciplines from image processing to turbulence. Recently the P.O.D. is receiving much attention as a tool for studying dynamics of systems in infinite dimensional space. This paper reviews the mathematical fundamentals of this theory. Also included are results on the span of the eigenfunction basis, a geometric corollary due to Chebyshev's inequality and a relation between the P.O.D. symmetry and ergodicity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPCS..110..409K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPCS..110..409K"><span>Tribological behaviour predictions of r-GO reinforced Mg composite using ANN coupled <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kavimani, V.; Prakash, K. Soorya</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>This paper deals with the fabrication of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) reinforced Magnesium Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) through a novel solvent based powder metallurgy route. Investigations over basic and functional properties of developed MMC reveals that addition of r-GO improvises the microhardness upto 64 HV but however decrement in specific wear rate is also notified. Visualization of worn out surfaces through SEM images clearly explains for the occurrence of plastic deformation and the presence of wear debris because of ploughing out action. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> coupled Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is adopted to arrive at optimal values of the input parameters such as load, reinforcement weight percentage, sliding distance and sliding velocity and thereby achieve minimal target output value viz. specific wear rate. Influence of any of the input parameter over specific wear rate studied through ANOVA reveals that load acting on pin has a major influence with 38.85% followed by r-GO wt. % of 25.82%. ANN model developed to predict specific wear rate value based on the variation of input parameter facilitates better predictability with R-value of 98.4% when compared with the outcomes of regression model.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715623P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..1715623P"><span>Integrated, Dual <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Antennas for Polarimetric Ground Penetrating Radar</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pauli, Mario; Wiesbeck, Werner</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>Ground penetrating radar systems are mostly equipped with single polarized antennas, for example with single linear polarization or with circular polarization. The radiated waves are partly reflected at the ground surface and very often the penetrating waves are distorted in their polarization. The distortion depends on the ground homogeneity and the orientation of the antennas relative to the ground structure. The received signals from the reflecting objects may most times only be classified according to their coverage and intensity. This makes the recognition of the objects difficult or impossible. In airborne and spaceborne Remote Sensing the systems are meanwhile mostly equipped with front ends with dual <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarized antennas for a full polarimetric operation. The received signals, registered in 2x2 scattering matrices according to co- and cross polarization, are processed for the evaluation of all features of the targets. Ground penetrating radars could also profit from the scientific results of Remote Sensing. The classification of detected objects for their structure and orientation requires more information in the reflected signal than can be measured with a single polarization [1, 2]. In this paper dual linear, <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarized antennas with a common single, frequency independent phase center, are presented [3]. The relative bandwidth of these antennas can be 1:3, up to 1:4. The antenna is designed to work in the frequency range between 3 GHz and 11 GHz, but can be easily adapted to the GPR frequency range by scaling. The size of the antenna scaled for operation in typical GPR frequencies would approximately be 20 by 20 cm2. By the implementation in a dielectric carrier it could be reduced in size if required. The major problem for ultra wide band, dual polarized antennas is the frequency independent feed network, realizing the required phase shifts. For these antennas a network, which is frequency independent over a wide range, has been</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1046507','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1046507"><span>Optimization of an Advanced Multi-Junction Solar-Cell Design for Space Environments (AM0) Using Nearly <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Latin Hypercubes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>AN ADVANCED MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR -CELL DESIGN FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS (AM0) USING NEARLY <span class="hlt">ORTHOGONAL</span> LATIN HYPERCUBES by Silvio Pueschel June...ADVANCED MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR -CELL DESIGN FOR SPACE ENVIRONMENTS (AM0) USING NEARLY <span class="hlt">ORTHOGONAL</span> LATIN HYPERCUBES 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Silvio...multi-junction solar cells with Silvaco Atlas simulation software. It introduces the nearly <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Latin hypercube (NOLH) design of experiments (DoE</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1241930-fully-implicit-orthogonal-reconstructed-discontinuous-galerkin-fluid-dynamics-phase-change','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1241930-fully-implicit-orthogonal-reconstructed-discontinuous-galerkin-fluid-dynamics-phase-change"><span>Fully-Implicit <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Reconstructed Discontinuous Galerkin for Fluid Dynamics with Phase Change</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Nourgaliev, R.; Luo, H.; Weston, B.; ...</p> <p>2015-11-11</p> <p>A new reconstructed Discontinuous Galerkin (rDG) method, based on <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> basis/test functions, is developed for fluid flows on unstructured meshes. <span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> of basis functions is essential for enabling robust and efficient fully-implicit Newton-Krylov based time integration. The method is designed for generic partial differential equations, including transient, hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic operators, which are attributed to many multiphysics problems. We demonstrate the method’s capabilities for solving compressible fluid-solid systems (in the low Mach number limit), with phase change (melting/solidification), as motivated by applications in Additive Manufacturing (AM). We focus on the method’s accuracy (in both space and time), as wellmore » as robustness and solvability of the system of linear equations involved in the linearization steps of Newton-based methods. The performance of the developed method is investigated for highly-stiff problems with melting/solidification, emphasizing the advantages from tight coupling of mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, as well as <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of basis functions, which leads to better conditioning of the underlying (approximate) Jacobian matrices, and rapid convergence of the Krylov-based linear solver.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NIMPA.886...53H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NIMPA.886...53H"><span>A simple X-ray source of two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> beams for small samples imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hrdý, J.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>A simple method for simultaneous imaging of small samples by two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> beams is proposed. The method is based on one channel-cut crystal which is oriented such that the beam is diffracted on two crystallographic planes simultaneously. These planes are symmetrically inclined to the crystal surface. The beams are three times diffracted. After the first diffraction the beam is split. After the second diffraction the split beams become parallel. Finally, after the third diffraction the beams become convergent and may be used for imaging. The corresponding angular relations to obtain <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> beams are derived.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123h3101L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123h3101L"><span>Engineering electric and magnetic dipole coupling in <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of dielectric nanoparticles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Jiaqi; Verellen, Niels; Van Dorpe, Pol</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Dielectric nanoparticles with both strong electric and magnetic dipole (ED and MD) resonances offer unique opportunities for efficient manipulation of light-matter interactions. Here, based on numerical simulations, we show far-field diffractive coupling of the ED and MD modes in a periodic rectangular <span class="hlt">array</span>. By using unequal periodicities in the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> directions, each dipole mode is separately coupled and strongly tuned. With this method, the electric and magnetic response of the dielectric nanoparticles can be deliberately engineered to accomplish various optical functionalities. Remarkably, an ultra-sharp MD resonance with sub-10 nm linewidth is achieved with a large enhancement factor for the magnetic field intensity on the order of ˜103. Our results will find useful applications for the detection of chemical and biological molecules as well as the design of novel photonic metadevices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29041057','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29041057"><span>Dual comb generation from a mode-locked fiber laser with <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized interlaced pulses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Akosman, Ahmet E; Sander, Michelle Y</p> <p>2017-08-07</p> <p>Ultra-high precision dual-comb spectroscopy traditionally requires two mode-locked, fully stabilized lasers with complex feedback electronics. We present a novel mode-locked operation regime in a thulium-holmium co-doped fiber laser, a frequency-halved state with <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized interlaced pulses, for dual comb generation from a single source. In a linear fiber laser cavity, an ultrafast pulse train composed of co-generated, equal intensity and <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized consecutive pulses at half of the fundamental repetition rate is demonstrated based on vector solitons. Upon optical interference of the <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized pulse trains, two stable microwave RF beat combs are formed, effectively down-converting the optical properties into the microwave regime. These co-generated, dual polarization interlaced pulse trains, from one all-fiber laser configuration with common mode suppression, thus provide an attractive compact source for dual-comb spectroscopy, optical metrology and polarization entanglement measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.8191E..0AY','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.8191E..0AY"><span>Highly sensitive rotation sensing based on <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> fiber-optic structures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yang, Yi; Wang, Zi-nan; Xu, Lian-yu; Wang, Cui-yun; Jia, Lei; Yu, Xiao-qi; Shao, Shan; Li, Zheng-bin</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>In traditional fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOG), the polarization state of counter propagating waves is critically controlled, and only the mode polarized along one particular direction survives. This is important for a traditional single mode fiber gyroscope as the requirement of reciprocity. However, there are some fatal defects such as low accuracy and poor bias stability in traditional structures. In this paper, based on the idea of polarization multiplexing, a double-polarization structure is put forward and experimentally studied. In highly birefringent fibers or standard single mode fibers with induced anisotropy, two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarization modes can be used at the same time. Therefore, in polarization maintaining fibers (PMF), each pair of counter propagating beams preserve reciprocity within their own polarization state. Two series of sensing results are gotten in the fast and slow axes in PMF. The two sensing results have their own systematic drifts and the correlation of random noise in them is approximately zero. So, beams in fast and slow axes work as two independent and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> gyroscopes. In this way, amount of information is doubled, providing opportunity to eliminate noise and improve sensitivity. Theoretically, this double-polarization structure can achieve a sensitivity of 10-18 deg/h. Computer simulation demonstrates that random noise and systematic drifts are largely reduced in this novel structure. In experiment, a forty-hour stability test targeting the earth's rotation velocity is carried out. Experiment result shows that the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> fiber-optic structure has two big advantages compared with traditional ones. Firstly, the structure gets true value without any bias correction in any axis and even time-varying bias does not affect the acquisition of true value. The unbiasedness makes the structure very attractive when sudden disturbances or temperature drifts existing in working environment. Secondly, the structure lowers bias for more than</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9243E..12Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SPIE.9243E..12Z"><span>Imaging of downward-looking linear <span class="hlt">array</span> SAR using three-dimensional spatial smoothing MUSIC algorithm</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Siqian; Kuang, Gangyao</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>In this paper, a novel three-dimensional imaging algorithm of downward-looking linear <span class="hlt">array</span> SAR is presented. To improve the resolution, multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm has been used. However, since the scattering centers are always correlated in real SAR system, the estimated covariance matrix becomes singular. To address the problem, a three-dimensional spatial smoothing method is proposed in this paper to restore the singular covariance matrix to a full-rank one. The three-dimensional signal matrix can be divided into a set of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> three-dimensional subspaces. The main idea of the method is based on extracting the <span class="hlt">array</span> correlation matrix as the average of all correlation matrices from the subspaces. In addition, the spectral height of the peaks contains no information with regard to the scattering intensity of the different scattering centers, thus it is difficulty to reconstruct the backscattering information. The least square strategy is used to estimate the amplitude of the scattering center in this paper. The above results of the theoretical analysis are verified by 3-D scene simulations and experiments on real data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EJASP2014...77M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EJASP2014...77M"><span>An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelet division multiple-access processor architecture for LTE-advanced wireless/radio-over-fiber systems over heterogeneous networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mahapatra, Chinmaya; Leung, Victor CM; Stouraitis, Thanos</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The increase in internet traffic, number of users, and availability of mobile devices poses a challenge to wireless technologies. In long-term evolution (LTE) advanced system, heterogeneous networks (HetNet) using centralized coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmitting radio over optical fibers (LTE A-ROF) have provided a feasible way of satisfying user demands. In this paper, an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelet division multiple-access (OWDMA) processor architecture is proposed, which is shown to be better suited to LTE advanced systems as compared to <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) as in LTE systems 3GPP rel.8 (3GPP, http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36300.htm). ROF systems are a viable alternative to satisfy large data demands; hence, the performance in ROF systems is also evaluated. To validate the architecture, the circuit is designed and synthesized on a Xilinx vertex-6 field-programmable gate <span class="hlt">array</span> (FPGA). The synthesis results show that the circuit performs with a clock period as short as 7.036 ns (i.e., a maximum clock frequency of 142.13 MHz) for transform size of 512. A pipelined version of the architecture reduces the power consumption by approximately 89%. We compare our architecture with similar available architectures for resource utilization and timing and provide performance comparison with OFDMA systems for various quality metrics of communication systems. The OWDMA architecture is found to perform better than OFDMA for bit error rate (BER) performance versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in wireless channel as well as ROF media. It also gives higher throughput and mitigates the bad effect of peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22009040','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22009040"><span>Engineering modular and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> genetic logic gates for robust digital-like synthetic biology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Baojun; Kitney, Richard I; Joly, Nicolas; Buck, Martin</p> <p>2011-10-18</p> <p>Modular and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> genetic logic gates are essential for building robust biologically based digital devices to customize cell signalling in synthetic biology. Here we constructed an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> AND gate in Escherichia coli using a novel hetero-regulation module from Pseudomonas syringae. The device comprises two co-activating genes hrpR and hrpS controlled by separate promoter inputs, and a σ(54)-dependent hrpL promoter driving the output. The hrpL promoter is activated only when both genes are expressed, generating digital-like AND integration behaviour. The AND gate is demonstrated to be modular by applying new regulated promoters to the inputs, and connecting the output to a NOT gate module to produce a combinatorial NAND gate. The circuits were assembled using a parts-based engineering approach of quantitative characterization, modelling, followed by construction and testing. The results show that new genetic logic devices can be engineered predictably from novel native <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> biological control elements using quantitatively in-context characterized parts. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PMB....59..615K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PMB....59..615K"><span>Dual source and dual detector <span class="hlt">arrays</span> tetrahedron beam computed tomography for image guided radiotherapy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Joshua; Lu, Weiguo; Zhang, Tiezhi</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important online imaging modality for image guided radiotherapy. But suboptimal image quality and the lack of a real-time stereoscopic imaging function limit its implementation in advanced treatment techniques, such as online adaptive and 4D radiotherapy. Tetrahedron beam computed tomography (TBCT) is a novel online imaging modality designed to improve on the image quality provided by CBCT. TBCT geometry is flexible, and multiple detector and source <span class="hlt">arrays</span> can be used for different applications. In this paper, we describe a novel dual source-dual detector TBCT system that is specially designed for LINAC radiation treatment machines. The imaging system is positioned in-line with the MV beam and is composed of two linear <span class="hlt">array</span> x-ray sources mounted aside the electrical portal imaging device and two linear <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of x-ray detectors mounted below the machine head. The detector and x-ray source <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to each other, and each pair of source and detector <span class="hlt">arrays</span> forms a tetrahedral volume. Four planer images can be obtained from different view angles at each gantry position at a frame rate as high as 20 frames per second. The overlapped regions provide a stereoscopic field of view of approximately 10-15 cm. With a half gantry rotation, a volumetric CT image can be reconstructed having a 45 cm field of view. Due to the scatter rejecting design of the TBCT geometry, the system can potentially produce high quality 2D and 3D images with less radiation exposure. The design of the dual source-dual detector system is described, and preliminary results of studies performed on numerical phantoms and simulated patient data are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1863N0009K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1863N0009K"><span>Bifurcations in two-image photometric stereo for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> illuminations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kozera, R.; Prokopenya, A.; Noakes, L.; Śluzek, A.</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>This paper discusses the ambiguous shape recovery in two-image photometric stereo for a Lambertian surface. The current uniqueness analysis refers to linearly independent light-source directions p = (0, 0, -1) and q arbitrary. For this case necessary and sufficient condition determining ambiguous reconstruction is governed by a second-order linear partial differential equation with constant coefficients. In contrast, a general position of both non-colinear illumination directions p and q leads to a highly non-linear PDE which raises a number of technical difficulties. As recently shown, the latter can also be handled for another family of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> illuminations parallel to the OXZ-plane. For the special case of p = (0, 0, -1) a potential ambiguity stems also from the possible bifurcations of sub-local solutions glued together along a curve defined by an algebraic equation in terms of the data. This paper discusses the occurrence of similar bifurcations for such configurations of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> light-source directions. The discussion to follow is supplemented with examples based on continuous reflectance map model and generated synthetic images.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694170','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20694170"><span>Properties of the Magnitude Terms of <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Scaling Functions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tay, Peter C; Havlicek, Joseph P; Acton, Scott T; Hossack, John A</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>The spectrum of the convolution of two continuous functions can be determined as the continuous Fourier transform of the cross-correlation function. The same can be said about the spectrum of the convolution of two infinite discrete sequences, which can be determined as the discrete time Fourier transform of the cross-correlation function of the two sequences. In current digital signal processing, the spectrum of the contiuous Fourier transform and the discrete time Fourier transform are approximately determined by numerical integration or by densely taking the discrete Fourier transform. It has been shown that all three transforms share many analogous properties. In this paper we will show another useful property of determining the spectrum terms of the convolution of two finite length sequences by determining the discrete Fourier transform of the modified cross-correlation function. In addition, two properties of the magnitude terms of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> wavelet scaling functions are developed. These properties are used as constraints for an exhaustive search to determine an robust lower bound on conjoint localization of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> scaling functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJD...70...90M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EPJD...70...90M"><span>State <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span>, boson bunching parameter and bosonic enhancement factor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marchewka, Avi; Granot, Er'el</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>It is emphasized that the bunching parameter β ≡ p B / p D , i.e. the ratio between the probability to measure two bosons and two distinguishable particles at the same state, is a constant of motion and depends only on the overlap between the initial wavefunctions. This ratio is equal to β = 2 / (1 + I 2), where I is the overlap integral between the initial wavefunctions. That is, only when the initial wavefunctions are <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> this ratio is equal to 2, however, this bunching ratio can be reduced to 1, when the two wavefunctions are identical. This simple equation explains the experimental evidences of a beam splitter. A straightforward conclusion is that by measuring the local bunching parameter β (at any point in space and time) it is possible to evaluate a global parameter I (the overlap between the initial wavefunctions). The bunching parameter is then generalized to arbitrary number of particles, and in an analogy to the two-particles scenario, the well-known bosonic enhancement appears only when all states are <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.908a2009M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.908a2009M"><span>Evaluation on the feasibility of using bamboo fillers in plastic gear manufacturing via the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> optimization method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mehat, N. M.; Kamaruddin, S.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>An increase in demand for industrial gears has instigated the escalating uses of plastic-matrix composites, particularly carbon or glass fibre reinforced plastics as gear material to enhance the properties and limitation in plastic gears. However, the production of large quantity of these synthetic fibres reinforced composites has posed serious threat to ecosystem. Therefore, this work is conducted to study the applicability and practical ability of using bamboo fillers particularly in plastic gear manufacturing as opposed to synthetic fibres via the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> optimization method. The results showed that no failure mechanism such as gear tooth root cracking and severe tooth wear were observed in gear tested made of 5-30 wt% of bamboo fillers in comparing with the unfilled PP gear. These results indicated that bamboo can be practically and economically used as an alternative filler in plastic material reinforcement as well as in minimizing the cost of raw material in general.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......140D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......140D"><span>Intelligent Design of Metal Oxide Gas Sensor <span class="hlt">Arrays</span> Using Reciprocal Kernel Support Vector Regression</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dougherty, Andrew W.</p> <p></p> <p>Metal oxides are a staple of the sensor industry. The combination of their sensitivity to a number of gases, and the electrical nature of their sensing mechanism, make the particularly attractive in solid state devices. The high temperature stability of the ceramic material also make them ideal for detecting combustion byproducts where exhaust temperatures can be high. However, problems do exist with metal oxide sensors. They are not very selective as they all tend to be sensitive to a number of reduction and oxidation reactions on the oxide's surface. This makes sensors with large numbers of sensors interesting to study as a method for introducing <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> to the system. Also, the sensors tend to suffer from long term drift for a number of reasons. In this thesis I will develop a system for intelligently modeling metal oxide sensors and determining their suitability for use in large <span class="hlt">arrays</span> designed to analyze exhaust gas streams. It will introduce prior knowledge of the metal oxide sensors' response mechanisms in order to produce a response function for each sensor from sparse training data. The system will use the same technique to model and remove any long term drift from the sensor response. It will also provide an efficient means for determining the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of the sensor to determine whether they are useful in gas sensing <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. The system is based on least squares support vector regression using the reciprocal kernel. The reciprocal kernel is introduced along with a method of optimizing the free parameters of the reciprocal kernel support vector machine. The reciprocal kernel is shown to be simpler and to perform better than an earlier kernel, the modified reciprocal kernel. Least squares support vector regression is chosen as it uses all of the training points and an emphasis was placed throughout this research for extracting the maximum information from very sparse data. The reciprocal kernel is shown to be effective in modeling the sensor</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SIGMA..12..075B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SIGMA..12..075B"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Polynomials Associated with Complementary Chain Sequences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Behera, Kiran Kumar; Sri Ranga, A.; Swaminathan, A.</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Using the minimal parameter sequence of a given chain sequence, we introduce the concept of complementary chain sequences, which we view as perturbations of chain sequences. Using the relation between these complementary chain sequences and the corresponding Verblunsky coefficients, the para-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polynomials and the associated Szegő polynomials are analyzed. Two illustrations, one involving Gaussian hypergeometric functions and the other involving Carathéodory functions are also provided. A connection between these two illustrations by means of complementary chain sequences is also observed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170002645&hterms=pixel+array+detector&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dpixel%2Barray%2Bdetector','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170002645&hterms=pixel+array+detector&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dpixel%2Barray%2Bdetector"><span>Characterization of AlMn TES Impedance, Noise, and Optical Efficiency in the First 150 mm Multichroic <span class="hlt">Array</span> for Advanced ACTPol</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Crowley, Kevin T.; Choi, Steve K.; Kuan, Jeffrey; Austermann, Jason E.; Beall, James A.; Datta, Rahul; Duff, Shannon M.; Gallardo, Patricia A.; Hasselfield, Matthew; Henderson, Shawn W.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20170002645'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20170002645_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20170002645_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20170002645_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20170002645_hide"></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) upgrade to the Atacama Cosmology Telescope features large <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of multichroic pixels consisting of two <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>-polarization pairs of superconducting bolometers at two observing frequency bands. We present measurements of the detector properties and noise data in a subset of a fielded multichroic <span class="hlt">array</span> of AlMn transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors. In this <span class="hlt">array</span>, the distribution of critical temperature T(sub c) across detectors appears uniform at the percent level. The measured noise-equivalent power (NEP) distributions over approximately 1200 detectors are consistent with expectations. We find median NEPs of 4.0×10(exp -17) W/ v Hz for low-band detectors and 6.2×10(exp -17) W/ v Hz for high-band detectors under covered-window telescope test conditions with optical loading comparable to observing with precipitable water vapor approximately 0.5 mm. Lastly, we show the estimated detector optical efficiency, and demonstrate the ability to perform optical characterization over hundreds of detectors at once using a cryogenic blackbody source.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3990450','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3990450"><span>Scalable and fault tolerant <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> based on randomized distributed data aggregation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gansterer, Wilfried N.; Niederbrucker, Gerhard; Straková, Hana; Schulze Grotthoff, Stefan</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The construction of distributed algorithms for matrix computations built on top of distributed data aggregation algorithms with randomized communication schedules is investigated. For this purpose, a new aggregation algorithm for summing or averaging distributed values, the push-flow algorithm, is developed, which achieves superior resilience properties with respect to failures compared to existing aggregation methods. It is illustrated that on a hypercube topology it asymptotically requires the same number of iterations as the optimal all-to-all reduction operation and that it scales well with the number of nodes. <span class="hlt">Orthogonalization</span> is studied as a prototypical matrix computation task. A new fault tolerant distributed <span class="hlt">orthogonalization</span> method rdmGS, which can produce accurate results even in the presence of node failures, is built on top of distributed data aggregation algorithms. PMID:24748902</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22306029-classification-hamilton-jacobi-separation-orthogonal-coordinates-diagonal-curvature','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22306029-classification-hamilton-jacobi-separation-orthogonal-coordinates-diagonal-curvature"><span>Classification of Hamilton-Jacobi separation in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> coordinates with diagonal curvature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Rajaratnam, Krishan, E-mail: k2rajara@uwaterloo.ca; McLenaghan, Raymond G., E-mail: rgmclenaghan@uwaterloo.ca</p> <p>2014-08-15</p> <p>We find all <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> metrics where the geodesic Hamilton-Jacobi equation separates and the Riemann curvature tensor satisfies a certain equation (called the diagonal curvature condition). All <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> metrics of constant curvature satisfy the diagonal curvature condition. The metrics we find either correspond to a Benenti system or are warped product metrics where the induced metric on the base manifold corresponds to a Benenti system. Furthermore, we show that most metrics we find are characterized by concircular tensors; these metrics, called Kalnins-Eisenhart-Miller metrics, have an intrinsic characterization which can be used to obtain them on a given space. In conjunction withmore » other results, we show that the metrics we found constitute all separable metrics for Riemannian spaces of constant curvature and de Sitter space.« less</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930016874','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930016874"><span>Use of <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> design of experiments to optimize and increase robustness of preliminary designs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Carrasco, Hector R.</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>The research performed this summer includes the completion of work begun last summer in support of the Air Launched Personnel Launch System parametric study, providing support on the development of the test matrices for the plume experiments in the Plume Model Investigation Team Project, and aiding in the conceptual design of a lunar habitat. After the conclusion of last years Summer Program, the Systems Definition Branch continued with the Air Launched Personnel Launch System (ALPLS) study by running three experiments defined by L27 <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">Arrays</span>. Although the data was evaluated during the academic year, the analysis of variance and the final project review were completed this summer. The Plume Model Investigation Team (PLUMMIT) was formed by the Engineering Directorate to develop a consensus position on plume impingement loads and to validate plume flowfield models. In order to obtain a large number of individual correlated data sets for model validation, a series of plume experiments was planned. A preliminary 'full factorial' test matrix indicated that 73,024 jet firings would be necessary to obtain all of the information requested. As this was approximately 100 times more firings than the scheduled use of Vacuum Chamber A would permit, considerable effort was needed to reduce the test matrix and optimize it with respect to the specific objectives of the program. Part of the First Lunar Outpost Project deals with Lunar Habitat. Requirements for the habitat include radiation protection, a safe haven for occasional solar flare storms, an airlock module as well as consumables to support 34 extra vehicular activities during a 45 day mission. The objective for the proposed work was to collaborate with the Habitat Team on the development and reusability of the Logistics Modules.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CoTPh..40..651C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003CoTPh..40..651C"><span>Reestablishment of an Unknown State and Its <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Complement State with Assistance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Ai-Xi; Wu, Shu-Dong</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, we propose a protocol where one can realize reestablishment of an unknown state and its <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> complement state with a certain probability. In the first stage of the protocol, teleportation is performed between Alice (a sender) and Bob (a receiver) through a nonmaximally entangled quantum channel. In the process of teleportation, Alice performs nonmaximally entangled state measurement. In the second stage of the protocol, Victor (a state preparer) disentangles leftover nonmaximally entangled states by a single-particle measurement. With the assistance of Victor Alice can reestablish the original state or produce its <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> state. The project partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 90103026 and 60078023</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969053','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969053"><span>Dual-comb self-mode-locked monolithic Yb:KGW laser with <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> polarizations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chang, M T; Liang, H C; Su, K W; Chen, Y F</p> <p>2015-04-20</p> <p>The dependence of lasing threshold on the output transmission is numerically analyzed to find the condition for the gain-to-loss balance for the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Np and Nm polarizations with a Ng-cut Yb:KGW laser crystal. With the numerical analysis, an <span class="hlt">orthogonally</span> polarized dual-comb self-mode-locked operation is experimentally achieved with a coated Yb:KGW crystal to form a monolithic cavity. At a pump power of 5.2 W, the average output power, the pulse repetition rate, and the pulse duration are measured to be 0.24 (0.6) W, 25.8 (25.3) GHz, and 1.06 (1.12) ps for the output along the Np (Nm) polarization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QuIP...17..180J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018QuIP...17..180J"><span>Multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on locally indistinguishable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jiang, Dong-Huan; Xu, Guang-Bao</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Based on locally indistinguishable <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states, we propose a novel multiparty quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol. In this protocol, the private key information of each party is encoded as some <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> product states that cannot be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communications. To ensure the security of the protocol with small amount of decoy particles, the different particles of each product state are transmitted separately. This protocol not only can make each participant fairly negotiate a shared key, but also can avoid information leakage in the maximum extent. We give a detailed security proof of this protocol. From comparison result with the existing QKA protocols, we can know that the new protocol is more efficient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26461207','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26461207"><span>Dynamical electron diffraction simulation for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> crystal system by a revised real space method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lv, C L; Liu, Q B; Cai, C Y; Huang, J; Zhou, G W; Wang, Y G</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>In the transmission electron microscopy, a revised real space (RRS) method has been confirmed to be a more accurate dynamical electron diffraction simulation method for low-energy electron diffraction than the conventional multislice method (CMS). However, the RRS method can be only used to calculate the dynamical electron diffraction of <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> crystal system. In this work, the expression of the RRS method for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> crystal system is derived. By taking Na2 Ti3 O7 and Si as examples, the correctness of the derived RRS formula for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> crystal system is confirmed by testing the coincidence of numerical results of both sides of Schrödinger equation; moreover, the difference between the RRS method and the CMS for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> crystal system is compared at the accelerating voltage range from 40 to 10 kV. Our results show that the CMS method is almost the same as the RRS method for the accelerating voltage above 40 kV. However, when the accelerating voltage is further lowered to 20 kV or below, the CMS method introduces significant errors, not only for the higher-order Laue zone diffractions, but also for zero-order Laue zone. These indicate that the RRS method for non-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> crystal system is necessary to be used for more accurate dynamical simulation when the accelerating voltage is low. Furthermore, the reason for the increase of differences between those diffraction patterns calculated by the RRS method and the CMS method with the decrease of the accelerating voltage is discussed. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2015 Royal Microscopical Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3307721','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3307721"><span>Rational Diversification of a Promoter Providing Fine-Tuned Expression and <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Regulation for Synthetic Biology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Blount, Benjamin A.; Weenink, Tim; Vasylechko, Serge; Ellis, Tom</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Yeast is an ideal organism for the development and application of synthetic biology, yet there remain relatively few well-characterised biological parts suitable for precise engineering of this chassis. In order to address this current need, we present here a strategy that takes a single biological part, a promoter, and re-engineers it to produce a fine-graded output range promoter library and new regulated promoters desirable for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> synthetic biology applications. A highly constitutive Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoter, PFY1p, was identified by bioinformatic approaches, characterised in vivo and diversified at its core sequence to create a 36-member promoter library. TetR regulation was introduced into PFY1p to create a synthetic inducible promoter (iPFY1p) that functions in an inverter device. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> and scalable regulation of synthetic promoters was then demonstrated for the first time using customisable Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) modified and designed to act as <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> repressors for specific PFY1-based promoters. The ability to diversify a promoter at its core sequences and then independently target Transcription Activator-Like <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Repressors (TALORs) to virtually any of these sequences shows great promise toward the design and construction of future synthetic gene networks that encode complex “multi-wire” logic functions. PMID:22442681</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442681','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442681"><span>Rational diversification of a promoter providing fine-tuned expression and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> regulation for synthetic biology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blount, Benjamin A; Weenink, Tim; Vasylechko, Serge; Ellis, Tom</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Yeast is an ideal organism for the development and application of synthetic biology, yet there remain relatively few well-characterised biological parts suitable for precise engineering of this chassis. In order to address this current need, we present here a strategy that takes a single biological part, a promoter, and re-engineers it to produce a fine-graded output range promoter library and new regulated promoters desirable for <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> synthetic biology applications. A highly constitutive Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoter, PFY1p, was identified by bioinformatic approaches, characterised in vivo and diversified at its core sequence to create a 36-member promoter library. TetR regulation was introduced into PFY1p to create a synthetic inducible promoter (iPFY1p) that functions in an inverter device. <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> and scalable regulation of synthetic promoters was then demonstrated for the first time using customisable Transcription Activator-Like Effectors (TALEs) modified and designed to act as <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> repressors for specific PFY1-based promoters. The ability to diversify a promoter at its core sequences and then independently target Transcription Activator-Like <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Repressors (TALORs) to virtually any of these sequences shows great promise toward the design and construction of future synthetic gene networks that encode complex "multi-wire" logic functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346066','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346066"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Cas9 proteins for RNA-guided gene regulation and editing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Church, George M.; Esvelt, Kevin; Mali, Prashant</p> <p>2017-03-07</p> <p>Methods of modulating expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell are provided including use of multiple <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> Cas9 proteins to simultaneously and independently regulate corresponding genes or simultaneously and independently edit corresponding genes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SPIE.4885..111P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003SPIE.4885..111P"><span>Extraction of object skeletons in multispectral imagery by the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> regression fitting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Palenichka, Roman M.; Zaremba, Marek B.</p> <p>2003-03-01</p> <p>Accurate and automatic extraction of skeletal shape of objects of interest from satellite images provides an efficient solution to such image analysis tasks as object detection, object identification, and shape description. The problem of skeletal shape extraction can be effectively solved in three basic steps: intensity clustering (i.e. segmentation) of objects, extraction of a structural graph of the object shape, and refinement of structural graph by the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> regression fitting. The objects of interest are segmented from the background by a clustering transformation of primary features (spectral components) with respect to each pixel. The structural graph is composed of connected skeleton vertices and represents the topology of the skeleton. In the general case, it is a quite rough piecewise-linear representation of object skeletons. The positions of skeleton vertices on the image plane are adjusted by means of the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> regression fitting. It consists of changing positions of existing vertices according to the minimum of the mean <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> distances and, eventually, adding new vertices in-between if a given accuracy if not yet satisfied. Vertices of initial piecewise-linear skeletons are extracted by using a multi-scale image relevance function. The relevance function is an image local operator that has local maximums at the centers of the objects of interest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMEP...21...25O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JMEP...21...25O"><span>Modeling and Analysis of Process Parameters for Evaluating Shrinkage Problems During Plastic Injection Molding of a DVD-ROM Cover</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Öktem, H.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Plastic injection molding plays a key role in the production of high-quality plastic parts. Shrinkage is one of the most significant problems of a plastic part in terms of quality in the plastic injection molding. This article focuses on the study of the modeling and analysis of the effects of process parameters on the shrinkage by evaluating the quality of the plastic part of a DVD-ROM cover made with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) polymer material. An effective regression model was developed to determine the mathematical relationship between the process parameters (mold temperature, melt temperature, injection pressure, injection time, and cooling time) and the volumetric shrinkage by utilizing the analysis data. Finite element (FE) analyses designed by <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> (L27) <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">arrays</span> were run in the Moldflow simulation program. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then performed to check the adequacy of the regression model and to determine the effect of the process parameters on the shrinkage. Experiments were conducted to control the accuracy of the regression model with the FE analyses obtained from Moldflow. The results show that the regression model agrees very well with the FE analyses and the experiments. From this, it can be concluded that this study succeeded in modeling the shrinkage problem in our application.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..165a2015M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..165a2015M"><span>Parameter Optimization Of Natural Hydroxyapatite/SS316l Via Metal Injection Molding (MIM)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mustafa, N.; Ibrahim1, M. H. I.; Amin, A. M.; Asmawi, R.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Metal injection molding (MIM) are well known as a worldwide application of powder injection molding (PIM) where as applied the shaping concept and the beneficial of plastic injection molding but develops the applications to various high performance metals and alloys, plus metal matrix composites and ceramics. This study investigates the strength of green part by using stainless steel 316L/ Natural hydroxyapatite composite as a feedstock. Stainless steel 316L (SS316L) was mixed with Natural hydroxyapatite (NHAP) by adding 40 wt. % Low Density Polyethylene and 60 %wt. Palm Stearin as a binder system at 63 wt. % powder loading consist of 90 % wt. of SS316 L and 10 wt. % NHAP prepared thru critical powder volume percentage (CPVC). <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was functional as a tool in determining the optimum green strength for Metal Injection Molding (MIM) parameters. The green strength was optimized with 4 significant injection parameter such as Injection temperature (A), Mold temperature (B), Pressure (C) and Speed (D) were selected throughout screening process. An <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> of L9 (3)4 was conducted. The optimum injection parameters for highest green strength were established at A1, B2, C0 and D1 and where as calculated based on Signal to Noise Ratio.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25582486','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25582486"><span>Direct sample introduction gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalate esters in cleaning products.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cacho, J I; Campillo, N; Viñas, P; Hernández-Córdoba, M</p> <p>2015-02-06</p> <p>A method using direct sample introduction (DSI) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is developed for the determination of six phthalate esters (dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, butylbenzyl, diethylhexyl and dioctyl phthalate) in cleaning products. The different variables involved in the DSI step, including venting time and temperature, vaporisation time and temperature, injector heating temperature and gas flow rate and pressure, were evaluated and optimised using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">arrays</span>. The proposed method, using calibration against methanolic standards, showed good linearity in the 0.05-15 μg g(-1) range and good repeatability, with RSD values ranging from 3.5% to 5.7%. Quantification limits between 0.010 and 0.041 μg g(-1), depending on the compound, were attained, while recovery assays provided values from 83% to 115%. Twenty-seven cleaning products were analysed using the DSI-GC-MS method, being four phthalates (dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diethylhexyl phthalate) found in fourteen of them at concentration levels in the 0.1-21 μg g(-1) range. Compared with the most common GC injection technique, which uses the split/splitless injector, the proposed DSI procedure provided larger peak areas and lower detection limits, as result of the greater injected volume and reduction in noise. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptLT..89..214M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017OptLT..89..214M"><span>Determination of laser cutting process conditions using the preference selection index method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Madić, Miloš; Antucheviciene, Jurgita; Radovanović, Miroslav; Petković, Dušan</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Determination of adequate parameter settings for improvement of multiple quality and productivity characteristics at the same time is of great practical importance in laser cutting. This paper discusses the application of the preference selection index (PSI) method for discrete optimization of the CO2 laser cutting of stainless steel. The main motivation for application of the PSI method is that it represents an almost unexplored multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, and moreover, this method does not require assessment of the considered criteria relative significances. After reviewing and comparing the existing approaches for determination of laser cutting parameter settings, the application of the PSI method was explained in detail. Experiment realization was conducted by using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span>'s L27 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span>. Roughness of the cut surface, heat affected zone (HAZ), kerf width and material removal rate (MRR) were considered as optimization criteria. The proposed methodology is found to be very useful in real manufacturing environment since it involves simple calculations which are easy to understand and implement. However, while applying the PSI method it was observed that it can not be useful in situations where there exist a large number of alternatives which have attribute values (performances) very close to those which are preferred.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3881631','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3881631"><span>Optimization of Polygalacturonase Production from a Newly Isolated Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus to Use in Pectin Hydrolysis: Statistical Approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rekha, V. P. B.; Ghosh, Mrinmoy; Adapa, Vijayanand; Oh, Sung-Jong; Pulicherla, K. K.; Sambasiva Rao, K. R. S.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The present study deals with the production of cold active polygalacturonase (PGase) by submerged fermentation using Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus, a novel species isolated from deep waters of Bay of Bengal. Nonlinear models were applied to optimize the medium components for enhanced production of PGase. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design was adopted to evaluate the factors influencing the yield of PGase, followed by the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the optimum concentrations of the key factors responsible for PGase production. Data obtained from the above mentioned statistical experimental design was used for final optimization study by linking the artificial neural network and genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). Using ANN-GA hybrid model, the maximum PGase activity (32.54 U/mL) was achieved at the optimized concentrations of medium components. In a comparison between the optimal output of RSM and ANN-GA hybrid, the latter favored the production of PGase. In addition, the study also focused on the determination of factors responsible for pectin hydrolysis by crude pectinase extracted from T. frigidphilosprofundus through the central composite design. Results indicated 80% degradation of pectin in banana fiber at 20°C in 120 min, suggesting the scope of cold active PGase usage in the treatment of raw banana fibers. PMID:24455722</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24455722','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24455722"><span>Optimization of polygalacturonase production from a newly isolated Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus to use in pectin hydrolysis: statistical approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rekha, V P B; Ghosh, Mrinmoy; Adapa, Vijayanand; Oh, Sung-Jong; Pulicherla, K K; Sambasiva Rao, K R S</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The present study deals with the production of cold active polygalacturonase (PGase) by submerged fermentation using Thalassospira frigidphilosprofundus, a novel species isolated from deep waters of Bay of Bengal. Nonlinear models were applied to optimize the medium components for enhanced production of PGase. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design was adopted to evaluate the factors influencing the yield of PGase, followed by the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the optimum concentrations of the key factors responsible for PGase production. Data obtained from the above mentioned statistical experimental design was used for final optimization study by linking the artificial neural network and genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). Using ANN-GA hybrid model, the maximum PGase activity (32.54 U/mL) was achieved at the optimized concentrations of medium components. In a comparison between the optimal output of RSM and ANN-GA hybrid, the latter favored the production of PGase. In addition, the study also focused on the determination of factors responsible for pectin hydrolysis by crude pectinase extracted from T. frigidphilosprofundus through the central composite design. Results indicated 80% degradation of pectin in banana fiber at 20 °C in 120 min, suggesting the scope of cold active PGase usage in the treatment of raw banana fibers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3467997','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3467997"><span>A Computational Modeling Approach for Investigating Soft Tissue Balancing in Bicruciate Retaining Knee Arthroplasty</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Amiri, Shahram; Wilson, David R.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Bicruciate retaining knee arthroplasty, although has shown improved functions and patient satisfaction compared to other designs of total knee replacement, remains a technically demanding option for treating severe cases of arthritic knees. One of the main challenges in bicruciate retaining arthroplasty is proper balancing of the soft tissue during the surgery. In this study biomechanics of soft tissue balancing was investigated using a validated computational model of the knee joint with high fidelity definitions of the soft tissue structures along with a <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method for design of experiments. The model was used to simulate intraoperative balancing of soft tissue structures following the combinations suggested by an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> design. The results were used to quantify the corresponding effects on the laxity of the joint under anterior-posterior, internal-external, and varus-valgus loads. These effects were ranked for each ligament bundle to identify the components of laxity which were most sensitive to the corresponding surgical modifications. The resulting map of sensitivity for all the ligament bundles determined the components of laxity most suitable for examination during intraoperative balancing of the soft tissue. Ultimately, a sequence for intraoperative soft tissue balancing was suggested for a bicruciate retaining knee arthroplasty. PMID:23082090</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AIPC.1315.1095S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AIPC.1315.1095S"><span>Study of the Effect of Lubricant Emulsion Percentage and Tool Material on Surface Roughness in Machining of EN-AC 48000 Alloy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soltani, E.; Shahali, H.; Zarepour, H.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, the effect of machining parameters, namely, lubricant emulsion percentage and tool material on surface roughness has been studied in machining process of EN-AC 48000 aluminum alloy. EN-AC 48000 aluminum alloy is an important alloy in industries. Machining of this alloy is of vital importance due to built-up edge and tool wear. A L9 <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> standard <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> has been applied as experimental design to investigate the effect of the factors and their interaction. Nine machining tests have been carried out with three random replications resulting in 27 experiments. Three type of cutting tools including coated carbide (CD1810), uncoated carbide (H10), and polycrystalline diamond (CD10) have been used in this research. Emulsion percentage of lubricant is selected at three levels including 3%, 5% and 10%. Statistical analysis has been employed to study the effect of factors and their interactions using ANOVA method. Moreover, the optimal factors level has been achieved through signal to noise ratio (S/N) analysis. Also, a regression model has been provided to predict the surface roughness. Finally, the results of the confirmation tests have been presented to verify the adequacy of the predictive model. In this research, surface quality was improved by 9% using lubricant and statistical optimization method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E..100a2042I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E..100a2042I"><span>Parametric studies on tensile strength in joining AA6061- T6 and AA7075-T6 by gas metal arc welding process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ishak, M.; Noordin, N. F. M.; Shah, L. H.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Proper selection of the welding parameters can result in better joining. In this study, the effects of various welding parameters on tensile strength in joining dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6061-T6 and AA7075-T6 were investigated. 2 mm thick samples of both base metals were welded by semi-automatic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) using filler wire ER5356. The welding current, arc voltage and welding speed were chosen as variables parameters. The strength of each specimen after the welding operations were tested and the effects of these parameters on tensile strength were identified by using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method. The range of parameter for welding current were chosen from 100 to 115 A, arc voltage from 17 to 20 V and welding speed from 2 to 5 mm/s. L16 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> was used to obtained 16 runs of experiments. It was found that the highest tensile strength (194.34 MPa) was obtained with the combination of a welding current of 115 A, welding voltage of 18 V and welding speed of 4 mm/s. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), the welding voltage was the most effected parameter on tensile strength with percentage of contribution at 41.30%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675613','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675613"><span>Degradation of pentachlorophenol by hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals using electrochemical activation of peroxomonosulfate, peroxodisulfate and hydrogen peroxide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Govindan, Kadarkarai; Raja, Mohan; Noel, Michael; James, E J</p> <p>2014-05-15</p> <p>The present study is to investigate the reactivity of free radicals (SO4(-) and HO) generated from common oxidants (peroxomonosulfate (PMS), peroxodisulfate (PDS) and hydrogen peroxide (HP)) activated by electrochemically generated Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) ions which furthermore are evaluated to destroy pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aqueous solution. The effect of solution pH and amount of oxidants (PMS, PDS and HP) in electrocoagulation (EC) on PCP degradation is analyzed in detail. The experimental results reveal that, optimum initial solution pH is 4.5 and PMS is more efficient oxidant addition in EC. 75% PCP degradation is achieved at 60min electrolysis time from PMS assisted EC. According to the first order rate constant, faster PCP degradation rate is obtained by PMS assisted EC. The PCP degradation rate by oxidant assisted EC is observed in the following order: EC/PMS>EC/PDS>EC/HP>EC. Further to identify the influences of experimental factors involved in PCP degradation by oxidant assisted EC, an experimental design based on an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> (OA) L9 (3(3)) is proposed using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method. The factors that most significantly affect the process robustness are identified as A (oxidant) and B (pH) which together account for nearly 86% of the variance. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SRL....2450007C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SRL....2450007C"><span>Optimization and Surface Modification of Al-6351 Alloy Using SiC-Cu Green Compact Electrode by Electro Discharge Coating Process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chakraborty, Sujoy; Kar, Siddhartha; Dey, Vidyut; Ghosh, Subrata Kumar</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>This paper introduces the surface modification of Al-6351 alloy by green compact SiC-Cu electrode using electro-discharge coating (EDC) process. A <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> L-16 <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> is employed to investigate the process by varying tool parameters like composition and compaction load and electro-discharge machining (EDM) parameters like pulse-on time and peak current. Material deposition rate (MDR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) are measured on the coated specimens. An optimum condition is achieved by formulating overall evaluation criteria (OEC), which combines multi-objective task into a single index. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to investigate the effect of relevant process parameters. A confirmation test is conducted based on optimal process parameters and experimental results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach. The modified surface is characterized by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD analysis of the deposited layer confirmed the transfer of tool materials to the work surface and formation of inter-metallic phases. The micro-hardness of the resulting composite layer is also measured which is 1.5-3 times more than work material’s one and highest layer thickness (LT) of 83.644μm has been successfully achieved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1885b0116A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1885b0116A"><span>Parametric effects of turning Ti-6Al-4V alloys with aluminum oxide nanolubricants with SDBS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ali, M. A. M.; Azmi, A. I.; Khalil, A. N. M.</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Applications of nanolubricants have been claimed to improve machinability of aerospace metals due to reduction of friction as a results of the rolling action of billions of nanoparticles at the tool-chip interface. In addition, the need to pursue for an eco-friendly machining has pushed researchers toward implementing alternative lubrication methods through minimal quantity lubrication (MQL). However, the gap in the current literature regarding the performance of nanolubricants via MQL has restricted the widespread use of this lubricant and technique in industries. The present work aims to understand the parametric effects of nanoparticles concentration, cutting speed, feed rate and nozzle angle during machining of titanium alloy, Ti-6AL-4V. Multiple performance of machinability outputs such as surface roughness, tool wear and power consumption were simultaneously determined via <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> <span class="hlt">array</span> and grey relational analyses. Prior to machining tests, the nanolubricants stabilities were investigated through the addition of surfactant; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). The results clearly indicated that inclusion of SDBS surfactant managed to reduce agglomeration in the base lubricant. Meanwhile, grey relational analyses revealed that the combination of 0.6 % nanoparticles concentration, cutting speed of 85 m/min, feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev and nozzle angle of 60o as desired setting for all the three machining outputs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ExA....45...21W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ExA....45...21W"><span>Improvements on Fresnel <span class="hlt">arrays</span> for high contrast imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wilhem, Roux; Laurent, Koechlin</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The Fresnel Diffractive <span class="hlt">Array</span> Imager (FDAI) is based on a new optical concept for space telescopes, developed at Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. For the visible and near-infrared it has already proven its performances in resolution and dynamic range. We propose it now for astrophysical applications in the ultraviolet with apertures from 6 to 30 meters, aimed at imaging in UV faint astrophysical sources close to bright ones, as well as other applications requiring high dynamic range. Of course the project needs first a probatory mission at small aperture to validate the concept in space. In collaboration with institutes in Spain and Russia, we will propose to board a small prototype of Fresnel imager on the International Space Station (ISS), with a program combining technical tests and astrophysical targets. The spectral domain should contain the Lyman- α line ( λ = 121 nm). As part of its preparation, we improve the Fresnel <span class="hlt">array</span> design for a better Point Spread Function in UV, presently on a small laboratory prototype working at 260 nm. Moreover, we plan to validate a new optical design and chromatic correction adapted to UV. In this article we present the results of numerical propagations showing the improvement in dynamic range obtained by combining and adapting three methods : central obturation, optimization of the bars mesh holding the Fresnel rings, and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> apodization. We briefly present the proposed astrophysical program of a probatory mission with such UV optics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29774353','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29774353"><span>Proton triggered circularly polarized luminescence in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>- and co-assemblies of chiral gelators with achiral perylene bisimide.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Dongxue; Han, Jianlei; Huo, Shengwei; Qu, Zuoming; Jiao, Tifeng; Liu, Minghua; Duan, Pengfei</p> <p>2018-05-29</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span>- or co-assembly of achiral perylene bisimide (PBI) with chiral gelators can be regulated by solvents. While the coassembly leads to the formation of chiroptical nanofibers through chirality transfer, the <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> assemblies could not. Moreover, protonation on the coassembled nanofibers could light up the circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..374a2054T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..374a2054T"><span>The <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> Method Application to Improve the Quality of a Sustainable Process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Titu, A. M.; Sandu, A. V.; Pop, A. B.; Titu, S.; Ciungu, T. C.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Taguchi’s method has always been a method used to improve the quality of the analyzed processes and products. This research shows an unusual situation, namely the modeling of some parameters, considered technical parameters, in a process that is wanted to be durable by improving the quality process and by ensuring quality using an experimental research method. Modern experimental techniques can be applied in any field and this study reflects the benefits of interacting between the agriculture sustainability principles and the Taguchi’s Method application. The experimental method used in this practical study consists of combining engineering techniques with experimental statistical modeling to achieve rapid improvement of quality costs, in fact seeking optimization at the level of existing processes and the main technical parameters. The paper is actually a purely technical research that promotes a technical experiment using the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method, considered to be an effective method since it allows for rapid achievement of 70 to 90% of the desired optimization of the technical parameters. The missing 10 to 30 percent can be obtained with one or two complementary experiments, limited to 2 to 4 technical parameters that are considered to be the most influential. Applying the Taguchi’s Method in the technique and not only, allowed the simultaneous study in the same experiment of the influence factors considered to be the most important in different combinations and, at the same time, determining each factor contribution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9643E..1WZ','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9643E..1WZ"><span>A hyperspectral imagery anomaly detection algorithm based on local three-dimensional <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> subspace projection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xing; Wen, Gongjian</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Anomaly detection (AD) becomes increasingly important in hyperspectral imagery analysis with many practical applications. Local <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> subspace projection (LOSP) detector is a popular anomaly detector which exploits local endmembers/eigenvectors around the pixel under test (PUT) to construct background subspace. However, this subspace only takes advantage of the spectral information, but the spatial correlat ion of the background clutter is neglected, which leads to the anomaly detection result sensitive to the accuracy of the estimated subspace. In this paper, a local three dimensional <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> subspace projection (3D-LOSP) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, under the jointly use of both spectral and spatial information, three directional background subspaces are created along the image height direction, the image width direction and the spectral direction, respectively. Then, the three corresponding <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> subspaces are calculated. After that, each vector along three direction of the local cube is projected onto the corresponding <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> subspace. Finally, a composite score is given through the three direction operators. In 3D-LOSP, the anomalies are redefined as the target not only spectrally different to the background, but also spatially distinct. Thanks to the addition of the spatial information, the robustness of the anomaly detection result has been improved greatly by the proposed 3D-LOSP algorithm. It is noteworthy that the proposed algorithm is an expansion of LOSP and this ideology can inspire many other spectral-based anomaly detection methods. Experiments with real hyperspectral images have proved the stability of the detection result.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MeScT..27i5101C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MeScT..27i5101C"><span>Carrier-interleaved <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multi-electrode multi-carrier resistivity-measurement tool</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cai, Yu; Sha, Shuang</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>This paper proposes a new carrier-interleaved <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multi-electrode multi-carrier resistivity-measurement tool used in a cylindrical borehole environment during oil-based mud drilling processes. The new tool is an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> frequency division multiplexing access-based contactless multi-measurand detection tool. The tool can measure formation resistivity in different azimuthal angles and elevational depths. It can measure many more measurands simultaneously in a specified bandwidth than the legacy frequency division multiplexing multi-measurand tool without a channel-select filter while avoiding inter-carrier interference. The paper also shows that formation resistivity is not sensitive to frequency in certain frequency bands. The average resistivity collected from N subcarriers can increase the measurement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by N times given no amplitude clipping in the current-injection electrode. If the clipping limit is taken into account, with the phase rotation of each single carrier, the amplitude peak-to-average ratio can be reduced by 3 times, and the SNR can achieve a 9/N times gain over the single-carrier system. The carrier-interleaving technique is also introduced to counter the carrier frequency offset (CFO) effect, where the CFO will cause inter-pad interference. A qualitative analysis and simulations demonstrate that block-interleaving performs better than tone-interleaving when coping with a large CFO. The theoretical analysis also suggests that increasing the subcarrier number can increase the measurement speed or enhance elevational resolution without sacrificing receiver performance. The complex <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> multi-pad multi-carrier resistivity logging tool, in which all subcarriers are complex signals, can provide a larger available subcarrier pool than other types of transceivers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4429219','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4429219"><span>A Low-Complexity Euclidean <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> LDPC Architecture for Low Power Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Revathy, M.; Saravanan, R.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been implemented in latest digital video broadcasting, broadband wireless access (WiMax), and fourth generation of wireless standards. In this paper, we have proposed a high efficient low-density parity-check code (LDPC) decoder architecture for low power applications. This study also considers the design and analysis of check node and variable node units and Euclidean <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> generator in LDPC decoder architecture. The Euclidean <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> generator is used to reduce the error rate of the proposed LDPC architecture, which can be incorporated between check and variable node architecture. This proposed decoder design is synthesized on Xilinx 9.2i platform and simulated using Modelsim, which is targeted to 45 nm devices. Synthesis report proves that the proposed architecture greatly reduces the power consumption and hardware utilizations on comparing with different conventional architectures. PMID:26065017</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26065017','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26065017"><span>A Low-Complexity Euclidean <span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> LDPC Architecture for Low Power Applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Revathy, M; Saravanan, R</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been implemented in latest digital video broadcasting, broadband wireless access (WiMax), and fourth generation of wireless standards. In this paper, we have proposed a high efficient low-density parity-check code (LDPC) decoder architecture for low power applications. This study also considers the design and analysis of check node and variable node units and Euclidean <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> generator in LDPC decoder architecture. The Euclidean <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> generator is used to reduce the error rate of the proposed LDPC architecture, which can be incorporated between check and variable node architecture. This proposed decoder design is synthesized on Xilinx 9.2i platform and simulated using Modelsim, which is targeted to 45 nm devices. Synthesis report proves that the proposed architecture greatly reduces the power consumption and hardware utilizations on comparing with different conventional architectures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChPh.146u1101C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChPh.146u1101C"><span>Communication: Density functional theory embedding with the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> constrained basis set expansion procedure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Culpitt, Tanner; Brorsen, Kurt R.; Hammes-Schiffer, Sharon</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Density functional theory (DFT) embedding approaches have generated considerable interest in the field of computational chemistry because they enable calculations on larger systems by treating subsystems at different levels of theory. To circumvent the calculation of the non-additive kinetic potential, various projector methods have been developed to ensure the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of molecular orbitals between subsystems. Herein the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> constrained basis set expansion (OCBSE) procedure is implemented to enforce this subsystem orbital <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> without requiring a level shifting parameter. This scheme is a simple alternative to existing parameter-free projector-based schemes, such as the Huzinaga equation. The main advantage of the OCBSE procedure is that excellent convergence behavior is attained for DFT-in-DFT embedding without freezing any of the subsystem densities. For the three chemical systems studied, the level of accuracy is comparable to or higher than that obtained with the Huzinaga scheme with frozen subsystem densities. Allowing both the high-level and low-level DFT densities to respond to each other during DFT-in-DFT embedding calculations provides more flexibility and renders this approach more generally applicable to chemical systems. It could also be useful for future extensions to embedding approaches combining wavefunction theories and DFT.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995665','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3995665"><span>Biosorption of malachite green from aqueous solutions by Pleurotus ostreatus using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Dyes released into the environment have been posing a serious threat to natural ecosystems and aquatic life due to presence of heat, light, chemical and other exposures stable. In this study, the Pleurotus ostreatus (a macro-fungus) was used as a new biosorbent to study the biosorption of hazardous malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. The effective disposal of P. ostreatus is a meaningful work for environmental protection and maximum utilization of agricultural residues. The operational parameters such as biosorbent dose, pH, and ionic strength were investigated in a series of batch studies at 25°C. Freundlich isotherm model was described well for the biosorption equilibrium data. The biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was used to simplify the experimental number for determining the significance of factors and the optimum levels of experimental factors for MG biosorption. Biosorbent dose and initial MG concentration had significant influences on the percent removal and biosorption capacity. The highest percent removal reached 89.58% and the largest biosorption capacity reached 32.33 mg/g. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the functional groups such as, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino and phosphonate groups on the biosorbent surface could be the potential adsorption sites for MG biosorption. P. ostreatus can be considered as an alternative biosorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. PMID:24620852</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEI...13..215S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEI...13..215S"><span>A <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> approach on optimal process control parameters for HDPE pipe extrusion process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sharma, G. V. S. S.; Rao, R. Umamaheswara; Rao, P. Srinivasa</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes find versatile applicability for transportation of water, sewage and slurry from one place to another. Hence, these pipes undergo tremendous pressure by the fluid carried. The present work entails the optimization of the withstanding pressure of the HDPE pipes using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> technique. The traditional heuristic methodology stresses on a trial and error approach and relies heavily upon the accumulated experience of the process engineers for determining the optimal process control parameters. This results in setting up of less-than-optimal values. Hence, there arouse a necessity to determine optimal process control parameters for the pipe extrusion process, which can ensure robust pipe quality and process reliability. In the proposed optimization strategy, the design of experiments (DoE) are conducted wherein different control parameter combinations are analyzed by considering multiple setting levels of each control parameter. The concept of signal-to-noise ratio ( S/ N ratio) is applied and ultimately optimum values of process control parameters are obtained as: pushing zone temperature of 166 °C, Dimmer speed at 08 rpm, and Die head temperature to be 192 °C. Confirmation experimental run is also conducted to verify the analysis and research result and values proved to be in synchronization with the main experimental findings and the withstanding pressure showed a significant improvement from 0.60 to 1.004 Mpa.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620852','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620852"><span>Biosorption of malachite green from aqueous solutions by Pleurotus ostreatus using <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Zhengsuo; Deng, Hongbo; Chen, Can; Yang, Ying; Xu, Heng</p> <p>2014-03-12</p> <p>Dyes released into the environment have been posing a serious threat to natural ecosystems and aquatic life due to presence of heat, light, chemical and other exposures stable. In this study, the Pleurotus ostreatus (a macro-fungus) was used as a new biosorbent to study the biosorption of hazardous malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. The effective disposal of P. ostreatus is a meaningful work for environmental protection and maximum utilization of agricultural residues.The operational parameters such as biosorbent dose, pH, and ionic strength were investigated in a series of batch studies at 25°C. Freundlich isotherm model was described well for the biosorption equilibrium data. The biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method was used to simplify the experimental number for determining the significance of factors and the optimum levels of experimental factors for MG biosorption. Biosorbent dose and initial MG concentration had significant influences on the percent removal and biosorption capacity. The highest percent removal reached 89.58% and the largest biosorption capacity reached 32.33 mg/g. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the functional groups such as, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino and phosphonate groups on the biosorbent surface could be the potential adsorption sites for MG biosorption. P. ostreatus can be considered as an alternative biosorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008OptCo.281.2433Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008OptCo.281.2433Z"><span>A novel all-optical label processing based on multiple optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> codes sequences for optical packet switching networks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Chongfu; Qiu, Kun; Xu, Bo; Ling, Yun</p> <p>2008-05-01</p> <p>This paper proposes an all-optical label processing scheme that uses the multiple optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> codes sequences (MOOCS)-based optical label for optical packet switching (OPS) (MOOCS-OPS) networks. In this scheme, each MOOCS is a permutation or combination of the multiple optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> codes (MOOC) selected from the multiple-groups optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> codes (MGOOC). Following a comparison of different optical label processing (OLP) schemes, the principles of MOOCS-OPS network are given and analyzed. Firstly, theoretical analyses are used to prove that MOOCS is able to greatly enlarge the number of available optical labels when compared to the previous single optical <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> code (SOOC) for OPS (SOOC-OPS) network. Then, the key units of the MOOCS-based optical label packets, including optical packet generation, optical label erasing, optical label extraction and optical label rewriting etc., are given and studied. These results are used to verify that the proposed MOOCS-OPS scheme is feasible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24434681','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24434681"><span>Dual source and dual detector <span class="hlt">arrays</span> tetrahedron beam computed tomography for image guided radiotherapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Joshua; Lu, Weiguo; Zhang, Tiezhi</p> <p>2014-02-07</p> <p>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important online imaging modality for image guided radiotherapy. But suboptimal image quality and the lack of a real-time stereoscopic imaging function limit its implementation in advanced treatment techniques, such as online adaptive and 4D radiotherapy. Tetrahedron beam computed tomography (TBCT) is a novel online imaging modality designed to improve on the image quality provided by CBCT. TBCT geometry is flexible, and multiple detector and source <span class="hlt">arrays</span> can be used for different applications. In this paper, we describe a novel dual source-dual detector TBCT system that is specially designed for LINAC radiation treatment machines. The imaging system is positioned in-line with the MV beam and is composed of two linear <span class="hlt">array</span> x-ray sources mounted aside the electrical portal imaging device and two linear <span class="hlt">arrays</span> of x-ray detectors mounted below the machine head. The detector and x-ray source <span class="hlt">arrays</span> are <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> to each other, and each pair of source and detector <span class="hlt">arrays</span> forms a tetrahedral volume. Four planer images can be obtained from different view angles at each gantry position at a frame rate as high as 20 frames per second. The overlapped regions provide a stereoscopic field of view of approximately 10-15 cm. With a half gantry rotation, a volumetric CT image can be reconstructed having a 45 cm field of view. Due to the scatter rejecting design of the TBCT geometry, the system can potentially produce high quality 2D and 3D images with less radiation exposure. The design of the dual source-dual detector system is described, and preliminary results of studies performed on numerical phantoms and simulated patient data are presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652099','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26652099"><span>Workspace design for crane cabins applying a combined traditional approach and the <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> method for design of experiments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Spasojević Brkić, Vesna K; Veljković, Zorica A; Golubović, Tamara; Brkić, Aleksandar Dj; Kosić Šotić, Ivana</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Procedures in the development process of crane cabins are arbitrary and subjective. Since approximately 42% of incidents in the construction industry are linked to them, there is a need to collect fresh anthropometric data and provide additional recommendations for design. In this paper, dimensioning of the crane cabin interior space was carried out using a sample of 64 crane operators' anthropometric measurements, in the Republic of Serbia, by measuring workspace with 10 parameters using nine measured anthropometric data from each crane operator. This paper applies experiments run via full factorial designs using a combined traditional and <span class="hlt">Taguchi</span> approach. The experiments indicated which design parameters are influenced by which anthropometric measurements and to what degree. The results are expected to be of use for crane cabin designers and should assist them to design a cabin that may lead to less strenuous sitting postures and fatigue for operators, thus improving safety and accident prevention.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28673634','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28673634"><span><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> measurements for multidimensional chromatography in three and higher dimensional separations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schure, Mark R; Davis, Joe M</p> <p>2017-11-10</p> <p><span class="hlt">Orthogonality</span> metrics (OMs) for three and higher dimensional separations are proposed as extensions of previously developed OMs, which were used to evaluate the zone utilization of two-dimensional (2D) separations. These OMs include correlation coefficients, dimensionality, information theory metrics and convex-hull metrics. In a number of these cases, lower dimensional subspace metrics exist and can be readily calculated. The metrics are used to interpret previously generated experimental data. The experimental datasets are derived from Gilar's peptide data, now modified to be three dimensional (3D), and a comprehensive 3D chromatogram from Moore and Jorgenson. The Moore and Jorgenson chromatogram, which has 25 identifiable 3D volume elements or peaks, displayed good <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> values over all dimensions. However, OMs based on discretization of the 3D space changed substantially with changes in binning parameters. This example highlights the importance in higher dimensions of having an abundant number of retention times as data points, especially for methods that use discretization. The Gilar data, which in a previous study produced 21 2D datasets by the pairing of 7 one-dimensional separations, was reinterpreted to produce 35 3D datasets. These datasets show a number of interesting properties, one of which is that geometric and harmonic means of lower dimensional subspace (i.e., 2D) OMs correlate well with the higher dimensional (i.e., 3D) OMs. The space utilization of the Gilar 3D datasets was ranked using OMs, with the retention times of the datasets having the largest and smallest OMs presented as graphs. A discussion concerning the <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> of higher dimensional techniques is given with emphasis on molecular diversity in chromatographic separations. In the information theory work, an inconsistency is found in previous studies of <span class="hlt">orthogonality</span> using the 2D metric often identified as %O. A new choice of metric is proposed, extended to higher dimensions</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4009380','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4009380"><span>Optimization of peptide <span class="hlt">arrays</span> for studying antibodies to hepatitis C virus continuous epitopes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ruwona, Tinashe B; Mcbride, Ryan; Chappel, Rebecca; Head, Steven R; Ordoukhanian, Phillip; Burton, Dennis R.; Law, Mansun</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Accurate and in-depth mapping of antibody responses is of great value in vaccine and antibody research. Using hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a model, we developed an affordable and high-throughput microarray-based assay for mapping antibody specificities to continuous antibody epitopes of HCV at high resolution. Important parameters in the chemistry for conjugating peptides/antigens to the <span class="hlt">array</span> surface, the <span class="hlt">array</span> layout, fluorophore choice and the methods for data analysis were investigated. Microscopic glass slide pre-coated with N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester (Slide H) was the preferred surface for conjugation of aminooxy-tagged peptides. This combination provides a simple chemical means to orient the peptides to the conjugation surface via an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> covalent linkage at the N- or C-terminus of each peptide. The addition of polyvinyl alcohol to printing buffer gave uniform spot morphology, improved sensitivity and specificity of binding signals. Libraries of overlapping peptides covering the HCV E1 and E2 glycoprotein polypeptides (15-mer, 10 amino acids overlap) of 6 major HCV genotypes and the entire polypeptide sequence of the prototypic strain H77 were synthesized and printed in quadruplets in the assays. The utility of the peptide <span class="hlt">arrays</span> were confirmed using HCV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to known continuous epitopes and immune sera of rabbits immunized with HCV antigens. The methods developed here can be easily adapted to studying antibody responses to antigens relevant in vaccine and autoimmune research. PMID:24269751</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28573212','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28573212"><span>Bio-<span class="hlt">Orthogonal</span> Mediated Nucleic Acid Transfection of Cells via Cell Surface Engineering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>O'Brien, Paul J; Elahipanah, Sina; Rogozhnikov, Dmitry; Yousaf, Muhammad N</p> <p>2017-05-24</p> <p>The efficient delivery of foreign nucleic acids (transfection) into cells is a critical tool for fundamental biomedical research and a pillar of several biotechnology industries. There are currently three main strategies for transfection including reagent, instrument, and viral based methods. Each technology has significantly advanced cell transfection; however, reagent based methods have captured the majority of the transfection market due to their relatively low cost and ease of use. This general method relies on the efficient packaging of a reagent with nucleic acids to form a stable complex that is subsequently associated and delivered to cells via nonspecific electrostatic targeting. Reagent transfection methods generally use various polyamine cationic type molecules to condense with negatively charged nucleic acids into a highly positively charged complex, which is subsequently delivered to negatively charged cells in culture for association, internalization, release, and expression. Although this appears to be a straightforward procedure, there are several major issues including toxicity, low efficiency, sorting of viable transfected from nontransfected cells, and limited scope of transfectable cell types. Herein, we report a new strategy (SnapFect) for nucleic acid transfection to cells that does not rely on electrostatic interactions but instead uses an integrated approach combining bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> liposome fusion, click chemistry, and cell surface engineering. We show that a target cell population is rapidly and efficiently engineered to present a bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> functional group on its cell surface through nanoparticle liposome delivery and fusion. A complementary bio-<span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> nucleic acid complex is then formed and delivered to which chemoselective click chemistry induced transfection occurs to the primed cell. This new strategy requires minimal time, steps, and reagents and leads to superior transfection results for a broad range of cell types</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410495','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26410495"><span>Can continuous scans in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes improve diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography for breast lesions?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Pan; Peng, Yulan; Zhao, Haina; Luo, Honghao; Jin, Ya; He, Yushuang</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Static shear wave elastography (SWE) is used to detect breast lesions, but slice and plane selections result in discrepancies. To evaluate the intraobserver reproducibility of continuous SWE, and whether quantitative elasticities in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes perform better in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. One hundred and twenty-two breast lesions scheduled for ultrasound-guided biopsy were recruited. Continuous SWE scans were conducted in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes separately. Quantitative elasticities and histopathology results were collected. Reproducibility in the same plane and diagnostic performance in different planes were evaluated. The maximum and mean elasticities of the hardest portion, and standard deviation of whole lesion, had high inter-class correlation coefficients (0.87 to 0.95) and large areas under receiver operation characteristic curve (0.887 to 0.899). Without loss of accuracy, sensitivities had increased in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes compared with single plane (from 73.17% up to 82.93% at most). Mean elasticity of whole lesion and lesion-to-parenchyma ratio were significantly less reproducible and less accurate. Continuous SWE is highly reproducible for the same observer. The maximum and mean elasticities of the hardest portion and standard deviation of whole lesion are most reliable. Furthermore, the sensitivities of the three parameters are improved in <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> planes without loss of accuracies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475361','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29475361"><span>Phase modulated high density collinear holographic data storage system with phase-retrieval reference beam locking and <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> reference encoding.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jinpeng; Horimai, Hideyoshi; Lin, Xiao; Huang, Yong; Tan, Xiaodi</p> <p>2018-02-19</p> <p>A novel phase modulation method for holographic data storage with phase-retrieval reference beam locking is proposed and incorporated into an amplitude-encoding collinear holographic storage system. Unlike the conventional phase retrieval method, the proposed method locks the data page and the corresponding phase-retrieval interference beam together at the same location with a sequential recording process, which eliminates piezoelectric elements, phase shift <span class="hlt">arrays</span> and extra interference beams, making the system more compact and phase retrieval easier. To evaluate our proposed phase modulation method, we recorded and then recovered data pages with multilevel phase modulation using two spatial light modulators experimentally. For 4-level, 8-level, and 16-level phase modulation, we achieved the bit error rate (BER) of 0.3%, 1.5% and 6.6% respectively. To further improve data storage density, an <span class="hlt">orthogonal</span> reference encoding multiplexing method at the same position of medium is also proposed and validated experimentally. We increased the code rate of pure 3/16 amplitude encoding method from 0.5 up to 1.0 and 1.5 using 4-level and 8-level phase modulation respectively.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.</div> </div><!-- container --> <footer><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><nav><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><ul class="links"><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><li><a id="backToTop" href="#top"></a><a href="/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="/members/index.html">Members Only</a></li> <li><a href="/website-policies.html">Website Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" target="_blank">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <div class="small">Science.gov is maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy's <a href="https://www.osti.gov/" target="_blank">Office of Scientific and Technical Information</a>, in partnership with <a href="https://www.cendi.gov/" target="_blank">CENDI</a>.</div> </nav> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- // var lastDiv = ""; function showDiv(divName) { // hide last div if (lastDiv) { document.getElementById(lastDiv).className = "hiddenDiv"; } //if value of the box is not nothing and an object with that name exists, then change the class if (divName && document.getElementById(divName)) { document.getElementById(divName).className = "visibleDiv"; lastDiv = divName; } } //--> </script> <script> /** * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Google Analytics. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string * as the event label. */ var trackOutboundLink = function(url,collectionCode) { try { h = window.open(url); setTimeout(function() { ga('send', 'event', 'topic-page-click-through', collectionCode, url); }, 1000); } catch(err){} }; </script> <!-- Google Analytics --> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-1122789-34', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics --> <script> showDiv('page_1') </script> </body> </html>