Second quantization of a covariant relativistic spacetime string in Steuckelberg-Horwitz-Piron theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suleymanov, Michael; Horwitz, Lawrence; Yahalom, Asher

2017-06-01

A relativistic 4D string is described in the framework of the covariant quantum theory first introduced by Stueckelberg [ Helv. Phys. Acta 14, 588 (1941)], and further developed by Horwitz and Piron [ Helv. Phys. Acta 46, 316 (1973)], and discussed at length in the book of Horwitz [Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, Springer (2015)]. We describe the space-time string using the solutions of relativistic harmonic oscillator [ J. Math. Phys. 30, 66 (1989)]. We first study the problem of the discrete string, both classically and quantum mechanically, and then turn to a study of the continuum limit, which contains a basically new formalism for the quantization of an extended system. The mass and energy spectrum are derived. Some comparison is made with known string models.

Many Denjoy minimal sets for monotone recurrence relations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ya-Nan; Qin, Wen-Xin

2014-09-01

We extend Mather's work (1985 Comment. Math. Helv. 60 508-57) to high-dimensional cylinder maps defined by monotone recurrence relations, e.g. the generalized Frenkel-Kontorova model with finite range interactions. We construct uncountably many Denjoy minimal sets provided that the Birkhoff minimizers with some irrational rotation number ω do not form a foliation.

Closing remarks at the symposium in honour of Daniel Bellus. Pharmacenter, University of Basel, February 6, 2009.

PubMed

Ganter, Camille

2010-01-01

In the Closing Remarks at the Symposium on 'Frontiers in Bioorganic Chemistry' (Friday, February 6, 2009, Pharmacenter, University of Basel) in honour of Daniel Bellus, his arrival in Zürich in fall 1967 and especially his postdoctoral work at the Laboratorium für Organische Chemie at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Zürich throughout the year 1967/68 were mentioned. In his most remarkable paper (published in 1969 in Helv. Chim. Acta), the photochemistry of the alpha,beta-unsaturated cyclohexenones O-acetyl-testosterone and 10-methy-delta1,9-octalon-(2) is described in detail. Change of solvent leads to lowering or increasing of the n,pi*- and (pi,pi*)-triplet energies, resulting in a crossing of the two energy levels. Personal remarks on Daniel Bellus and warmest thanks to him, to Profs. Beat Ernst and Bernd Giese (the organizers of the symposium) and to all the speakers concluded this most special event.

Cpmmw Spectroscopy of Rydberg States of Nitric Oxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnum, Timothy J.; Saladrigas, Catherine A.; Grimes, David; Coy, Stephen; Eyler, Edward E.; Field, Robert W.

2016-06-01

The spectroscopy of Rydberg states of NO has a long history [1], stimulating both experimental and theoretical advances in our understanding of Rydberg structure and dynamics. The closed-shell ion-core (1Σ+) and small NO+ dipole moment result in regular patterns of Rydberg series in the Hund's case (d) limit, which are well-described by long-range electrostatic models (e.g., [2]). We will present preliminary data on the core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states of NO (orbital angular momentum, ℓ ≥ 3) collected by chirped-pulse millimeter-wave (CPmmW) spectroscopy. Our technique directly detects electronic free induction decay (FID) between Rydberg states with Δn* ≈ 1 in the region of n* ˜ 40-50, providing a large quantity (12 GHz bandwidth in a single shot) of high quality (resolution ˜ 350 kHz) spectra. Transitions between high-ℓ, core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states act as reporters on the subtle details of the ion-core electric structure. * * [1] Huber KP. Die Rydberg-Serien im Absorptions-spektrum des NO-Molekuuls. Helv. Phys. Acta 3, 929 (1961). * * [2] Biernacki DT, Colson SD, Eyler EE. Rotationally resolved double resonance spectra of NO Rydberg states near the first ionization limit. J. Chem. Phys. 88, 2099 (1988).

Mineral Bionization - Surface Chemical Modeling of the Emergence of Life

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arrhenius, G.

2001-12-01

The earliest stages in entering an RNA-world require natural mechanisms that are capable of selective concentration of simple aldehydes from dilute solution in the environment (4), furthermore phosphorylation of the sequestered aldehydes (2) and their catalytic condensation to form, selectively, tetrose- (threose) or pentose- (ribose) phosphate (3); the latter representing the R in RNA. A variety of common positively charged sheet structure minerals (mixed valence double layer metal hydroxide minerals such as hydrotalcite and green rust) have proven to be remarkably capable of performing these crucial tasks under simplified natural conditions (1). These prebiotic model reactions have demonstrated plausible closure of the gap, previously thought to preclude the natural formation of nucleoside phosphates, the backbone components of the information carrying genetic material. Pioneering research by other workers (5) has demonstrated the feasibility of necessary further steps in the chain toward functional RNA; mineral (montmorillonite) catalyzed oligomerization of nucleotides, the formation of complementary RNA strands (6) and the enzymatic activity of RNA (ribozymes). These contributions have placed the initially conjectural concept of an initial RNA-world on an experimental footing. Remaining problems include the initial transfer of information to spontaneously forming RNA, sufficient to convey biofunctionallity (7). Also in this central problem mineral surface interactions may be speculated to play a natural role; a question that is open to experimental verification. References. 1. Pitsch, S.; Eschenmoser, A.; Gedulin, B.; Hui, S. and Arrhenius, G. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere, 1994, 24 (5), 389. 2. Kolb, V.; Zhang, S.; Xu, Y.; Arrhenius, G. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere, 1997, 27, 485. 3. Krishnamurthy, R.; Pitsch, S.; Arrhenius, G. Origins Life Evol. Biosphere, Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 1999, 29, 139 4. Pitsch, S.; Krishnamurthy, R.; Arrhenius, G. Helv. Chim

Interaction of β(3) /β(2) -peptides, consisting of Val-Ala-Leu segments, with POPC giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and white blood cancer cells (U937)--a new type of cell-penetrating peptides, and a surprising chain-length dependence of their vesicle- and cell-lysing activity.

PubMed

Kolesinska, Beata; Eyer, Klaus; Robinson, Tom; Dittrich, Petra S; Beck, Albert K; Seebach, Dieter; Walde, Peter

2015-05-01

Many years ago, β(2) /β(3) -peptides, consisting of alternatively arranged β(2) - and β(3) h-amino-acid residues, have been found to undergo folding to a unique type of helix, the 10/12-helix, and to exhibit non-polar, lipophilic properties (Helv. Chim. Acta 1997, 80, 2033). We have now synthesized such 'mixed' hexa-, nona-, dodeca-, and octadecapeptides, consisting of Val-Ala-Leu triads, with N-terminal fluorescein (FAM) labels, i.e., 1-4, and studied their interactions with POPC (=1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and with human white blood cancer cells U937. The methods used were microfluidic technology, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a flow-cytometry assay, a membrane-toxicity assay with the dehydrogenase G6PDH as enzymatic reporter, and visual microscopy observations. All β(3) /β(2) -peptide derivatives penetrate the GUVs and/or the cells. As shown with the isomeric β(3) /β(2) -, β(3) -, and β(2) -nonamers, 2, 5, and 6, respectively, the derivatives 5 and 6 consisting exclusively of β(3) - or β(2) -amino-acid residues, respectively, interact neither with the vesicles nor with the cells. Depending on the method of investigation and on the pretreatment of the cells, the β(3) /β(2) -nonamer and/or the β(3) /β(2) -dodecamer derivative, 2 and/or 3, respectively, cause a surprising disintegration or lysis of the GUVs and cells, comparable with the action of tensides, viral fusion peptides, and host-defense antimicrobial peptides. Possible sources of the chain-length-dependent destructive potential of the β(3) /β(2) -nona- and β(3) /β(2) -dodecapeptide derivatives, and a possible relationship with the phosphate-to-phosphate and hydrocarbon thicknesses of GUVs, and eukaryotic cells are discussed. Further investigations with other types of GUVs and of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism(s) of interaction of 'mixed' β(3) /β(2) -peptides with

A case study of preservation of semi-solid preparations using the European Pharmacopoeia test: comparative efficacy of antimicrobial agents in zinc gelatin.

PubMed

Favet, J; Chappuis, M L; Doelker, E

2001-09-01

The present study was undertaken with the aim of finding an alternative preservative system to methyl parahydroxybenzoate in zinc gelatin, which was described in the monographs of the Swiss Pharmacopoeia (until Ph. Helv. 8) and in previous editions of the German Pharmacopoeia (until DAB 7). This antimicrobial agent has now been withdrawn in the DAB, because of its potential allergy risks. As for the USP and DAB-DDR zinc gelatin preparations, they have always been devoid of any preservative agent, probably relying on the mild antimicrobial activity of zinc. A literature survey did not reveal if such an aqueous preparation containing the water-insoluble zinc oxide shows efficacious antimicrobial activity by itself. Thus, a comparative evaluation of differently preserved zinc gelatin preparations was performed using a test for the efficacy of antimicrobial preservation that has been modified with regard to the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) test to take into account the solid state of the preparations and the bactericidal effect of the zinc. Three zinc gelatin preparations were checked, either: (i), without any agent; or (ii), with 0.1% methyl parahydroxybenzoate; or (iii), with 0.5% phenoxyethanol, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent almost devoid of allergy risks. The three preparations behave quite differently, in particular with respect to fungi. All three preparations passed the modified EP test as far as bacteria are concerned. Even zinc gelatin without preservative is very effective, not only because of the mild antimicrobial activity of zinc (the soluble fraction of zinc oxide in the liquid phase of zinc gelatin was determined to be 13 microg/ml), but most probably because of the low water activity of the preparation (measured as around 0.81), as shown by the absence of growth of a zinc-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zinc gelatin preserved with methyl parahydroxybenzoate has a weak, although satisfactory, activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Health Information-Seeking Patterns of the General Public and Indications for Disease Surveillance: Register-Based Study Using Lyme Disease.

PubMed

Pesälä, Samuli; Virtanen, Mikko J; Sane, Jussi; Mustonen, Pekka; Kaila, Minna; Helve, Otto

2017-11-06

an increasing trend over time but also greater fluctuations, especially during peak opening seasons. Outside these seasons, publications in the media coincide with Health Library article openings only occasionally. Lyme disease-related information-seeking behaviors between the general public and HCPs from Internet medical portals share similar temporal variations, which is consistent with the trend seen in epidemiological data. Therefore, the general public's article openings could be used as a supplementary source of information for disease surveillance. The fluctuations in article openings appeared stronger among the general public, thus, suggesting that different factors such as media coverage, affect the information-seeking behaviors of the public versus professionals. However, media coverage may also have an influence on HCPs. Not every publication was associated with an increase in openings, but the higher the media coverage by some publications, the higher the general public's access to Health Library. ©Samuli Pesälä, Mikko J Virtanen, Jussi Sane, Pekka Mustonen, Minna Kaila, Otto Helve. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 06.11.2017.

Detrital geochronology of unroofing magmatic complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malusà, Marco Giovanni; Villa, Igor Maria; Vezzoli, Giovanni; Garzanti, Eduardo

2010-05-01

. 110, 985-1009 (1998). DeCelles, P. G., Gehrels, G. E., Najman, Y., Martin, A. J., Carter, A., Garzanti, E. Detrital geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous-Early Miocene strata of Nepal: implications for timing and diachroneity of initial Himalayan orogenesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 227, 313-330 (2004). Jäger, E. in Rb-Sr Altersbestimmungen an Glimmern der Zentralalpen, Beitr. Geol. Karte Schweiz NF 134 (eds. Jäger, E., Niggli, E. & Wenk, E.) 28-31 (Bern, Kümmerly & Frey, 1967). Dodson, M. H. Closure temperature in cooling geochronological and petrological systems. Contr. Miner. Petrol. 40, 259-274 (1973). Giger, M. & Hurford, A. J. Tertiary intrusives of the Central Alps: their Tertiary uplift, erosion, redeposition and burial in the south-alpine foreland. Eclogae geol. Helv. 82, 857-866 (1989). Garzanti, E. & Malusà, M. G. The Oligocene Alps: Domal unroofing and drainage development during early orogenic growth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 268, 487-500 (2008). Villa, I. M. From nanometer to megameter: Isotopes, atomic-scale processes, and continent-scale tectonic models. Lithos 87, 155-173 (2006).

Superconductivity in Ternary Rare-Earth Transition Metal Silicides and Germanides with the SCANDIUM(5) COBALT(4) SILICON(10)-TYPE Structure.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berg, Linda Sue

H(,c2)/dT)(,Tc) = 10.2 kOe/ K and H(,c2)(0) = 60.4 kOe. Comparing the value of (-dH(,c2)/dT)(,Tc) gained from the fit of the data to the WHH theory to the calculated (-dH(,c2)/dT)(,Tc) yields various degrees of agreement for these com- pounds. Indications are also that (1) there seems to be little or no. Pauli limiting and (2) the spin-orbit effect appears to be negligible in these compounds. *DOE Report IS-T-1215. This work was performed under contract No. W-7405-Eng-82 with the U. S. Department of Energy. ('1)A. Junod, D. Bichsel, and J. Muller, Helv. Phys. Acta 52, 580 (1979).

A method for assessing the intrinsic value and management potentials of geomorphosites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reynard, Emmanuel; Amandine, Perret; Marco, Buchmann; Jonathan, Bussard; Lucien, Grangier; Simon, Martin

2014-05-01

(Switzerland), where a project of national park is in preparation, and the Gruyère - Pays-d'Enhaut Regional Nature Park (Switzerland). The main conclusion of the research is that even if a full objectivity in the evaluation process is difficult to reach, transparency is essential almost at 3 stages: (1) the selection of potential geomorphosites: it is important to develop criteria and a method for establishing a list of potential geomorphosites; in this study, we propose to carry out the selection by crossing two dimensions: a spatial one (the selection should reflect the regional geo(morpho)diversity) and a temporal one (the selection should allow reconstructing the regional geomorphological history); (2) the assessment of the intrinsic value of the selected geomorphosites, by the establishment of clear criteria for carrying out the evaluation; (3) the development of a clear management strategy oriented to the protection and tourist promotion of the sites and based on the precise documentation of management potentials and needs, according to the assessment objectives. Reference Reynard E., Fontana G., Kozlik L., Scapozza C. (2007). A method for assessing the scientific and additional values of geomorphosites, Geogr. Helv. 62(3), 148-158.

Assessment and protection of geomorphological heritage in the Gruyère - Pays-d'Enhaut Regional Nature Park (Switzerland)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bussard, Jonathan; Reynard, Emmanuel

2014-05-01

important scientific value. Most of them (24 sites) have also a high ecological value. Two thirds of the geomorphosites are directly linked to the biodiversity of the region for two reasons: (1) geomorphological processes allow the regeneration of different primary species, which is the case of active geomorphosites such as scree fans or floodplains and (2) they provide a high diversity of habitats. For example, inherited sites such as relict rock glaciers or ancient rock falls have a chaotic topography and a diversity of soil formations favourable to a high biodiversity. The majority of the sites have a good protection status and only three of them are threatened by human activities because they do not benefit of any protection. One third of the park's area and 20 geomorphosites are under the protection of the Federal inventory of landscapes and natural monuments of national importance. This protection is, however, related more to their ecological or landscape value than to their geomorphological characteristics. An improved knowledge of this geomorphological value and a better recognition by scientists and by the society are important in order to improve the protection of geomorphosites. Reference Reynard, E., Fontana, G., Kozlik, L., Scapozza, C. 2007: A method for assessing «scientific» and «additional values» of geomorphosites, Geogr. Helv., 62(3), 148-158.

How thawing ground ice can affect the mobility of landslides: the case study of Móafellshyrna Mountain in northern Iceland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morino, Costanza; Conway, Susan J.; Sæmundsson, Þorsteinn; Balme, Matthew R.; Kristinn Helgason, Jón; Jordan, Colm; Hillier, John; Argles, Tom

2017-04-01

, characterising the mobility of the landslide. The joint use of field observations, remote sensing, photogrammetry and geophysical survey revealed that the landslide's motion was complex. It began as a rock-debris fall - with failures of blocks of ice-rich sediments, boulders and frozen deposits - and evolved into a mobile large-scale debris flow/slide. During the "rock-debris fall" phase, ground-ice was still cementing the debris, allowing the cemented sediment to behave like blocks, rather than being transported like loose material. During the "debris flow" phase, rainwater, along with ground-ice meltwater, over-saturated the landslide material, causing it to evolve into a debris flow. Therefore, ground-ice had a major role in the development of the landslide by affecting the mechanical behaviour of the debris, promoting the failure and contributing to the transport with the thaw process that provided an additional volume of fluid. Our study shows that analysing the morphology and mobility of permafrost thaw-induced slope failures is essential for mitigating the hazard in the case of similar events in inhabited regions. References: [1]Haeberli, W. et al., 1997. Eclog. Geol. Helve, 90.3: 407-414. [2]Etzelmüller, B. et al., 2007. Perm. Per. Proc., 18(2): 185-199.

Sedimentary connection between rock glaciers and torrential channels: definition, inventory and quantification from a test area in the south-western Swiss Alps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kummert, Mario; Barboux, Chloé; Delaloye, Reynald

2017-04-01

order to validate these estimations, the resulting sediment transfer rates are compared to transfer rates calculated from repeated terrestrial LiDAR surveys on selected study cases. This contribution presents results from the application of this methodology in a test study area in the south-western Swiss Alps. The methodology reveals itself suitable to identify rock glaciers connected to the torrential network. For each of the detected rock glaciers, an estimation of the sediment yield is proposed. The transfer rates range from tens of cubic meters per year for some slow moving and/or partially connected landforms, to several thousands of cubic meters per year. References: Delaloye R. (2004). Contribution à l'étude du pergélisol de montagne en zone marginale. GeoFocus vol. 10, Thèse, Département de Géosciences/Géographie, Université de Fribourg. Delaloye, R., Lambiel, C., Gärtner-Roer, I. (2010). Overview of rock glacier kinematics research in the Swiss Alps. Seasonal rhythm, interannual variations and trends over several decades. Geogr. Helv., 65: 2, 135-145. Delaloye, R., Morard, S., Barboux, C., Abbet, D., Gruber, V., Riedo, M. & Gachet, S. (2013). Rapidly moving rock glaciers in Mattertal. In: Graf, C. (Eds). Mattertal - ein Tal in Bewegung. Publikation zur Jahrestagung der Schweizerischen Geomorphologischen Gesellschaft 29. Juni - 1. Juli 2011, St. Niklaus, Birmensdorf, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, 113 - 124. Gärtner-Roer, I. (2012). Sediment transfer rates of two active rockglaciers in the Swiss Alps. Geomorphology, 167-168, 45-50. Lugon, R. & Stoffel, M. (2010). Rock glacier dynamics and magnitude-frequency relations of debris flows in a high-elevation watershed : Ritigraben, Swiss Alps. Global and Planetary Change, 73, 202-210.

Biogenetically-Inspired Total Synthesis of Epidithiodiketopiperazines and Related Alkaloids

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Conspectus Natural products chemistry has historically been the prime arena for the discovery of new chemical transformations and the fountain of insights into key biological processes. It remains a fervent incubator of progress in the fields of chemistry and biology and an exchange mediating the flow of ideas between these allied fields of science. It is with this ethos that our group has taken an interest in and pursued the synthesis of a complex family of natural products termed the dimeric epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids. We present here an Account of the highly complex target molecules to which we pegged our ambitions, our systematic and relentless efforts toward those goals, the chemistry we developed in their pursuit, and the insight we have gained for their translational potential as potent anticancer molecules. The dimeric ETP alkaloids are fungal metabolites that feature a highly complex molecular architecture comprising a densely functionalized core structure with many stereogenic centers, six of which are fully substituted, and a pair of vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters, decorated on polycyclic architectures in addition to the unique ETP motif that has been recognized as acid-, base-, and redox-sensitive. A cyclo-dipeptide consisting of an essential tryptophan residue and a highly variable ancillary amino acid lies at the core of these structures; investigation of the transformations that take this simplistic core to the complex alkaloids lies at the heart of our research program. The dimeric epidithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids have largely resisted synthesis on account of their complexity since the 1970s when the founding members of this class, chaetocin A (HauserD. et al. Helv. Chim. Acta1970, 53, 10615448218) and verticillin A (KatagiriK. et al. J. Antibiot.1970, 23, 4205465723), were first isolated. This was despite their potent cytotoxic and bacteriostatic activities, which were well appreciated at the time of their discovery. In

3D modelling of the Austroalpine-Penninic collisional wedge of the NW Alps: dataset management and preliminary results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monopoli, Bruno; Bistacchi, Andrea; Bertolo, Davide; Dal Piaz, Giovanni; Gouffon, Yves; Massironi, Matteo; Sartori, Mario; Vittorio Dal Piaz, Giorgio

2016-04-01

considered as a sort of pseudo-stratigraphy, since they are the oldest feature that can be traced continuously at the map scale. For this reason we have developed a set of attributes identifying the tectonic and lithological units (a "legend"), implemented both in the GIS database and in the 3D models, which at the same time is compatible with the data structure of 3D modelling packages like Move and Skua/Gocad, and allows tracing the complex hierarchic classification of the units mapped in the GIS. This allows for the almost automatic and consistent two-way transfer of data between the GIS and geomodelling environments. E.g. results of 3D modelling, which is based on input data originally stored in the GIS, will eventually be transferred back to the GIS. The results of this study, which are preliminarily presented here, will open new opportunities to study the collision- and subduction-related nappe architecture and kinematics with younger deformations removed, and will eventually lead (with additional studies) to a step-by-step retrodeformation supported by modern technologies, following the path traced by Argand at the beginning of the 20th century. Argand E. 1909. L'exploration géologique des Alpes pennines centrales. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat., 45, 217-276. Argand A. 1911. Les nappes de recouvrement des Alpes pennines et leurs prolongements structuraux. Mat. Carte Géol. Suisse, 31, 25. Argand A. 1916. Sur l'arc des Alpes occidentales. Eclogae Geol. Helv., 14, 145-191. Franchi S., Mattirolo E., Novarese V., Stella A. & Zaccagna D. 1908. Carta geologica delle Alpi Occidentali alla scala 1:400.000. Regio Ufficio Geologico, Roma. Gerlach H. 1869. Die Penninischen Alpen. N. Denkschr. Schweiz. Natf. Ges., 23, 132. Gerlach H. 1871. Das Suedwestliche Wallis. Beitraege Geol. Karte Schweiz, 9, 175. Giordano F. 1869. Sulla orografia e sulla geologica costituzione del Gran Cervino. Atti R. Acc. Sci. Torino, 4, 304-321.

Estimating Rheological Parameters of Anhydrite from Folded Evaporite sequences: Implications for Internal Dynamics of Salt Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamuszek, Marta; Dabrowski, Marcin; Schmalholz, Stefan M.; Urai, Janos L.; Raith, Alexander

2015-04-01

parallel shortening. Mechanical model have been developed to rigorously correlate rheological properties of rock to the fold shape. A quantitative fold shape analysis combined with the folding theory allows deciphering the rock rheology. In this study, we analyse anhydrite layers embedded in the rock salt from the Upper Permian Zechstein salt formation from Dutch offshore. The anhydrite layers are common intercalation in the sequence. Their thickness varies between few millimetres up to hundred meters. The layers are strongly deformed often forming fold structures, which can be observed on a wide range of scales: in core samples, mine galleries, and also in the seismic sections. For our analysis, we select single layer fold trains. Quantitative fold shape analysis is carried out using Fold Geometry Toolbox [3], which allows deciphering the viscosity ratio between anhydrite and salt. The results indicate that anhydrite layer is ca. 10 to 30 times more viscous than the embedding salt. Further, we use the estimated rheological parameters of anhydrite in the numerical analysis of the internal salt dynamics. We solve an incompressible Stokes equation in the presence of the gravity using the finite element method solver MILAMIN [4]. We show that the presence of denser and more viscous anhydrite layers in the tectonically stable regime is insignificant for the internal stability of the salt structures. [1] Chemia, Z., Koyi, H., Schmeling, H. 2008. Numerical modelling of rise and fall of a dense layer in salt diapirs. Geophysical Journal International, 172: 798-816. [2] Muller, W.H., Briegel, U. 1978. The rheological behaviour of polycrystalline Anhydrite. Eclogae Geol. Helv, 71(2): 397-407 [3] Adamuszek M., Schmid D.W., Dabrowski M. 2011. Fold geometry toolbox - Automated determination of fold shape, shortening, and material properties, Journal of Structural Geology, 33: 1406-1416. [4] Dabrowski, M., Krotkiewski, M., and Schmid, D. W. 2008. MILAMIN: MATLAB-based finite element

The initial superposition of oceanic and continental units in the southern Western Alps: constraints on geometrical restoration and kinematics of the continental subduction wedge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dumont, Thierry; Schwartz, Stéphane; Matthews, Steve; Malusa, Marco; Jouvent, Marine

2017-04-01

. (2006), A north-south section across the Queyras Schistes Lustrés (Piedmont zone, western Alps): Syn-collision refolding of a subduction wedge. Eclogae Geol. Helv., 99, 3, p. 429-442

The Lateglacial to Holocene transition as recorded by glacier fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schindelwig, I.; Akçar, N.; Kubik, P. W.; Schlüchter, C.

2009-04-01

European Alps. Journal of Quaternary Science, 23, 559-573. Ivy-Ochs, S., Schlüchter, C., Kubik, P. W., Synal, H.-A., Beer, J., Kerschner, H. (1996): The exposure age of an Egesen moraine at Julier Pass, Switzerland, measured with the cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl. Eclogae geol. Helv., 89, 1049-1063. Kelly, M.A., Kubik, P.W., von Blanckenburg, F. & Schlüchter, C. (2004): Surface exposure dating of the Great Aletsch Glacier Egesen moraine system, western Swiss Alps, using the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be. Journal of Quarternary Science, 19, 431-441. Maisch, M. (1987): Zur Gletschergeschichte des alpinen Spätglazials: Analyse und Interpretation von Schneegrenzdaten. Geographica Helvetica, 42, 63-71. Putkonen, J. & Swanson, T. (2003): Accuracy of cosmogenic ages for moraines. Quarternary Research, 59, 255-261.

Why and How Life is Driven into Being at Ancient Submarine Alkaline Springs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Russell, Michael

2016-07-01

. Nitschke et al., BBA 1827 (2013) 871-881 [5] G.O. Arrhenius, Helv Chim Acta 86 (2003) 1569-1586. [6] H.C.B. Hansen et al. Appl Clay Sci 18 (2001) 81-91. [7] C. Huber and G. Wächtershäuser, Tetrahed Lett 44 (2003) 1695-1697. [8] W. Wang et al., Astrobiology 15 (2015) 1043-1051. [9] K. Kawamura et al., Astrobiology, 11 (2011) 461-469. [10] W. Nitschke and M.J. Russell, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 368 (2013) doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0258.