Price-volume multifractal analysis and its application in Chinese stock markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Ying; Zhuang, Xin-tian; Liu, Zhi-ying

2012-06-01

An empirical research on Chinese stock markets is conducted using statistical tools. First, the multifractality of stock price return series, ri(ri=ln(Pt+1)-ln(Pt)) and trading volume variation series, vi(vi=ln(Vt+1)-ln(Vt)) is confirmed using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. Furthermore, a multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis between stock price return and trading volume variation in Chinese stock markets is also conducted. It is shown that the cross relationship between them is also found to be multifractal. Second, the cross-correlation between stock price Pi and trading volume Vi is empirically studied using cross-correlation function and detrended cross-correlation analysis. It is found that both Shanghai stock market and Shenzhen stock market show pronounced long-range cross-correlations between stock price and trading volume. Third, a composite index R based on price and trading volume is introduced. Compared with stock price return series ri and trading volume variation series vi, R variation series not only remain the characteristics of original series but also demonstrate the relative correlation between stock price and trading volume. Finally, we analyze the multifractal characteristics of R variation series before and after three financial events in China (namely, Price Limits, Reform of Non-tradable Shares and financial crisis in 2008) in the whole period of sample to study the changes of stock market fluctuation and financial risk. It is found that the empirical results verified the validity of R.

Effects of prolonged vibration to vastus intermedius muscle on force steadiness of knee extensor muscles during isometric force-matching task.

PubMed

Saito, Akira; Ando, Ryosuke; Akima, Hiroshi

2016-12-01

Afferent inputs from Ia fibers in muscle spindles are essential for the control of force and prolonged vibration has been applied to muscle-tendon units to manipulate the synaptic input from Ia afferents onto α-motor neurons. The vastus intermedius (VI) reportedly provides the highest contribution to the low-level knee extension torque among the individual synergists of quadriceps femoris (QF). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of prolonged vibration to the VI on force steadiness of the QF. Nine healthy men (25.1±4.3years) performed submaximal force-matching task of isometric knee extension for 15s before and after mechanical vibration to the superficial region of VI for 30min. Target forces were 2.5%, 10%, and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and force steadiness was determined by the coefficient of variation (CV) of force. After the prolonged VI vibration, the CV of force at 2.5%MVC was significantly increased, but CVs at 10% and 30%MVCs were not significantly changed. The present study concluded that application of prolonged vibration to the VI increased force fluctuations of the QF during a very low-level force-matching task. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

West European and East Asian Perspectives on Defense, Deterrence and Strategy. Volume 6. South Korean Perspectives on Defense, Deterrence and Strategy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-11

8217IN.2 AD-A166 115 DNA-TR-84-109-V6 ’’ WEST EUROPEAN AND EAST ASIAN PERSPECTIVES ON DEFENSE, DETERRENCE AND STRATEGY Volume VI-South Korean Perspectives...on Defense, Deterrence and J. Strategy Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis Central Plaza Building 675 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139...PERSPECTIVES ON DEFENSE, DETERRENCE AND STRATEGY Volume VI-South Korean Perspectives on Defense, Deterrence and Strategy 12 PERSONALAUTHOR(S

Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities. Bulletin, 1930, No. 9. Volume II. [Part I - Part VI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1930

1930-01-01

The attached document covers the initial sections of the second volume of the Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, from Part I to Part VI. Part I, Arts and sciences, contains the following chapters: (1) Introduction; (2) Arts and science organization; (3) Specialization; (4) Enrollments and salaries; (5) Articulation with secondary…

The interstitial distribution of macromolecules in rat tumours is influenced by the negatively charged matrix components

PubMed Central

Wiig, Helge; Gyenge, Christina C; Tenstad, Olav

2005-01-01

Knowledge of macromolecular distribution volumes is essential in understanding fluid transport within normal and pathological tissues. In this study in vivo we determined the distribution volumes of several macromolecules, including one monoclonal antibody, in tumours and tested whether charges associated with the tumour extracellular matrix influence their available volumes. Steady state levels of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) (pI = 9.2), IgG (pI = 7.6) as well as native (pI = 5.0) and cationized albumin (pI = 7.6) were established in rats bearing dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours by continuous infusion using osmotic minipumps. After a 5–7 day infusion period, the rats were nephrectomized and the extracellular volume was determined with 51Cr-labelled EDTA. Plasma volumes were measured with 125I-labelled human serum albumin or rat IgM in a separate series. Steady state concentrations of probes were determined in the interstitial fluid that was isolated by centrifugation from tumours or by post mortem wick implantation in the back skin. Calculations were made for interstitial fluid volume (Vi), along with the available (Va/Vi) and excluded (Ve/Vi) relative interstitial volume fractions. The Ve/Vi for the positively charged trastuzumab in tumours averaged 0.29 ± 0.03 (n = 16), a value which was significantly lower than the corresponding one for IgG of 0.36 ± 0.02 (n = 16). Native albumin was excluded from 38% of the tumour interstitial fluid, whereas cationization of albumin reduced the excluded volume by ∼50%. Our experiments suggest that the tumour interstitium acts as a negatively charged matrix and is an important factor in determining the macromolecular distribution volume. PMID:15994186

The interstitial distribution of macromolecules in rat tumours is influenced by the negatively charged matrix components.

PubMed

Wiig, Helge; Gyenge, Christina C; Tenstad, Olav

2005-09-01

Knowledge of macromolecular distribution volumes is essential in understanding fluid transport within normal and pathological tissues. In this study in vivo we determined the distribution volumes of several macromolecules, including one monoclonal antibody, in tumours and tested whether charges associated with the tumour extracellular matrix influence their available volumes. Steady state levels of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) (pI = 9.2), IgG (pI = 7.6) as well as native (pI = 5.0) and cationized albumin (pI = 7.6) were established in rats bearing dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours by continuous infusion using osmotic minipumps. After a 5-7 day infusion period, the rats were nephrectomized and the extracellular volume was determined with 51Cr-labelled EDTA. Plasma volumes were measured with 125I-labelled human serum albumin or rat IgM in a separate series. Steady state concentrations of probes were determined in the interstitial fluid that was isolated by centrifugation from tumours or by post mortem wick implantation in the back skin. Calculations were made for interstitial fluid volume (Vi), along with the available (Va/Vi) and excluded (Ve/Vi) relative interstitial volume fractions. The Ve/Vi for the positively charged trastuzumab in tumours averaged 0.29 +/- 0.03 (n = 16), a value which was significantly lower than the corresponding one for IgG of 0.36 +/- 0.02 (n = 16). Native albumin was excluded from 38% of the tumour interstitial fluid, whereas cationization of albumin reduced the excluded volume by approximately 50%. Our experiments suggest that the tumour interstitium acts as a negatively charged matrix and is an important factor in determining the macromolecular distribution volume.

Normative values for volume and fat content of the hip abductor muscles and their dependence on side, age and gender in a healthy population.

PubMed

Marcon, Magda; Berger, Nicole; Manoliu, Andrei; Fischer, Michael A; Nanz, Daniel; Andreisek, Gustav; Ulbrich, Erika J

2016-04-01

To determine normative values for volume and fat content of the gluteus medius (GMed) and minimus (GMin) muscle in healthy volunteers and to evaluate their dependence on age, gender and leg dominance. The IRB approval was obtained for this study. 80 healthy volunteers (females, 40; males, 40; age range 20-62 years), divided into four age groups, were included. Fat- and water-signal-separated MR images of the pelvis were acquired on a 3.0 T MR with a 3-point mDIXON sequence. Normalized volume and fat-signal fraction (FSF) of the GMed (ViGMed, FSFGMed) and GMin (ViGMin, FSFGMin) muscles were determined. The overall mean volumes (normalized) and FSF ± SD: ViGMed 105.13 ± 16.30 cm(3); ViGMin 30.24 ± 5.15 cm(3); FSFGMed 8.13 ± 1.70 % and FSFGMin 9.89 ± 2.72 %. Comparing different age subgroups within each gender no significant differences were found concerning the volumes and FSFs (except FSFGMin in male subgroup aged 20-29 versus 50-62 years, P = 0.014). Comparing FSFs differences between the two genders, only in 20-29 years subgroup, FSFGMed (P =0.003) and FSFGMin (P =0.002) were greater in female. Volume differences between the two legs were not significant (P > 0.077); FSFGMed and FSFGMin (P =0.005 for both) were significantly lower in the dominant leg in female but not in male group (P = 0.454 for FSFGMed and P = 0.643 for FSFMin). No age dependency was evident for volume normative data for GMed and GMin and normative data for FSF values showed no age- or gender dependency.

Model-independent plot of dynamic PET data facilitates data interpretation and model selection.

PubMed

Munk, Ole Lajord

2012-02-21

When testing new PET radiotracers or new applications of existing tracers, the blood-tissue exchange and the metabolism need to be examined. However, conventional plots of measured time-activity curves from dynamic PET do not reveal the inherent kinetic information. A novel model-independent volume-influx plot (vi-plot) was developed and validated. The new vi-plot shows the time course of the instantaneous distribution volume and the instantaneous influx rate. The vi-plot visualises physiological information that facilitates model selection and it reveals when a quasi-steady state is reached, which is a prerequisite for the use of the graphical analyses by Logan and Gjedde-Patlak. Both axes of the vi-plot have direct physiological interpretation, and the plot shows kinetic parameter in close agreement with estimates obtained by non-linear kinetic modelling. The vi-plot is equally useful for analyses of PET data based on a plasma input function or a reference region input function. The vi-plot is a model-independent and informative plot for data exploration that facilitates the selection of an appropriate method for data analysis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Microalgae (Chlorococcum sp.) for Porous Carbons With High Cr(VI) Adsorption Performance.

PubMed

Sun, Yuanyuan; Liu, Chang; Zan, Yifan; Miao, Gai; Wang, Hao; Kong, Lingzhao

2018-04-12

Porous carbon adsorbents were prepared from microalgae (Chlorococcum sp.) via directly hydrothermal carbonization coupled with KOH or NH 3 activation for Cr(VI) adsorption. KOH-activated porous carbons exhibit high Cr(VI) adsorption capacities than those obtained via NH 3 modification (370.37 > 95.70 mg/g). The superior Cr(VI) adsorption capacity is due to high surface areas (1784 m 2 /g) and pore volumes of porous carbon with mesoporous and macroporous structures. The Cr(VI) adsorption result was well fitted to the Langmuir model, showing that the removal of Cr(VI) was attributed to the monolayer adsorption of activity site on carbon surface.

A Terrain-Vehicle Interaction Model for Analysis of Steering Performance of Track-Laying Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-05-01

by C !Gerge Y" Baladi and BDhzad Roheni 4.Structures Labratory’J .Army Enghimer waterway, Expeuinsftt Staton "II U . 0.O. Box 631, Vi&sburg, Miss...CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMER(*) George VI/ Baladi -4.Behzad(Rohani . . ERFRMIG ORGANIZTION NAME AND ADDRESS -T0. PROGRAM LEMENT. PROJECT. TASK( U. S.. Army...Project 4A161102AT24, Task A3/E3, Work Unit 003, "Soil Response to Nonlinear Loading Systems." This investigation was conducted by Drs. G. Y. Baladi and

Comparison of placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and volume in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Wong, Chian-Huey; Chen, Chie-Pein; Sun, Fang-Ju; Chen, Chen-Yu

2018-05-01

To compare the changes of placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and volume in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This was a prospective case-control study of singleton pregnancies with risk factors for GDM. Data on placental vascular indices including vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI), as well as placental volume were obtained and analyzed during the first and second trimesters between pregnant women with and without GDM. Of the 155 pregnant women enrolled, 31 developed GDM and 124 did not. VI and VFI were significantly lower in the GDM group during the first and second trimesters (VI: p = 0.023, and VFI: p = 0.014 in the first trimester; VI: p = 0.049, and VFI: p = 0.031 in the second trimester). However, the placental volume was similar in both groups during the first trimester, while it was significantly increased in the GDM group during the second trimester (p = 0.022). There were no significant differences in FI and uterine artery pulsatility index between the two groups. After adjustments in multivariate logistic regression analysis, significant differences were observed in the first trimester VFI (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.93), second trimester VFI (adjusted or 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.96), and second trimester placental volume (adjusted or 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05). Placental vascular indices can provide an insight into placental vascularization in GDM during early pregnancy. VFI rather than placental volume may be a sensitive sonographic marker in the first trimester of GDM placentas.

National Economic Development Procedures Manual - Recreation. Volume 2. A Guide for Using the Contingent Value Methodology in Recreation Studies,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

Directly from Sample Bid VI-16 Example 3 VI-16 Determining the Zero Price Qiantity Demanded VI-26 Summary VI -31 CHAPrER VII, THE DETERMINATION OF NED...While the standard deviation and variance are absolute measures of dispersion, a relative measure of dispersion can also be computed. This measure is...refers to the closeness of fit between the estimates obtained from Zli e and the true population value. The only way of being absolutely i: o-.iat the

ViSC Social Competence Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strohmeier, Dagmar; Hoffmann, Christine; Schiller, Eva-Maria; Stefanek, Elisabeth; Spiel, Christiane

2012-01-01

The ViSC Social Competence Program has been implemented in Austrian schools within the scope of a national strategy plan, Together Against Violence. The program is a primary preventive program designed for grades 5 to 8. The prevention of aggression and bullying is defined as a school development task, and the initial implementation of the program…

Public-Private Ventures for Morale, Welfare, and Recreation Activities. A Solution to the Loss of Appropriated Funds. Volume 5. Appendices J, K, and L

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

5 H. Instructions to Offerors ..................................... V-5 VI. Evaluation Factors for Award .................................. VI- 1 A...providing capital improvements, and providing payments to the NAFI (Section VI). These factors will be weighted in the evaluation. The Contracting...maintenance of good order and discipline, security checks, control of drugs and alcohol, and building signage. g. Products and Services. All supplies

Department of Defense Data Model, Version 1, Fy 1998, Volume 6.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-05-31

Definition: A REQUIREMENT TO WITHHOLD PAYMENT ON A SPECIFIC CONTRACT. (5104) (1) (A) 138 Entity Report DOD Data Model VI FY98 Attribute Names...424 Entity Report DOD Data Model VI FY98 Entity Name: PAYMENT -MEANS-FINANCIAL-INSTITUTION-ACCOUNT Definition: THE ASSOCIATION OF A FINANCIAL...A) 453 Entity Report DOD Data Model VI FY98 Definition: PETITION FOR PAYMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMANCE BY A PERSONNEL-RESOURCE. Attribute Names

Investigations on the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds.

PubMed

Dartsch, P C; Hildenbrand, S; Kimmel, R; Schmahl, F W

1998-09-01

In contrast to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) compounds, hexavalent chromium ((Cr(VI)) compounds are oxidizing agents capable of directly inducing tissue damage and possessing carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic potency. After oral or dermal absorption of Cr(VI), the kidney is the main target organ for chromium accumulation, which might result in acute tubular necrosis in humans. In contrast, an acute toxic effect of Cr(VI) on the liver has not yet been described. Therefore, we used two established epithelial cell lines from the kidney (Opossum kidney cells) and the liver (Hep G2 cells) to design an in vitro-assay which is able to examine acute toxic effects of chromium compounds. Cells of both cell lines were treated with various concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ranging from 0.01 micromol/l to 1 mmol/l for 24 h. Thereafter, cell morphology, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, number of viable cells and mean cell volume were examined. The results show that Cr(VI), but not Cr(III), has an acute cytotoxic effect and causes a dose-dependent loss in cell viability. The effective dose that caused 50% of cell death was 5 micromol/l for kidney epithelial cells and 50 micromol/l for liver epithelial cells. This means that kidney epithelial cells are 10 times more sensitive towards Cr(VI) treatment than liver epithelial cells and this might explain the known nephrotoxicity in vivo. The loss in cell viability was accompanied by a rounding and detachment of the cells and a marked reduction of intracellular F-actin-containing stress fibers. Microtubules and intermediate-sized filaments were observed to be unaffected. Only in the case of kidney epithelial cells, a dose-dependent cell volume increase was observed after Cr(VI) treatment at concentrations up to 50 micromol/l. At higher concentrations, the cell volume decreased due to the high number of cells undergoing lysis and the appearance of cellular fragments. Various chloride channel blockers with different specificities, molecular structures and inhibitory potentials were tested for their ability to prevent Cr(VI)-induced cell damage. None of the channel blockers was able to inhibit cell damage, suggesting that the uptake of Cr(VI) through the general anion transport system of the cell membrane might be only one facet of cellular uptake and toxification. The data presented here not only confirm the different organ-specific effects of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), but also provide a basis for future experiments on the understanding of acute toxicity of Cr(VI) compounds. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the designed in vitro-assay might be a useful tool to prove whether non-toxic Cr(III) can be oxidized to Cr(VI) under specific industrial conditions (for example, in the leather or chrome industry).

IN-SITU CR(VI) SOURCE AND PLUME TREATMENT USING A FERROUS IRON BASED REDUCTANT

EPA Science Inventory

A large volume of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) generated from ferrochrome production operations is present at the Macalloy Corporation Superfund site in Charleston, S.C. Groundwater hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentrations in the approximately 20 acre-foot COPR satu...

IN-SITU CR(VI) SOURCE AND PLUME TREATMENT USING A FERROUS IRON-BASED REDUCTANT

EPA Science Inventory

A large volume of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) generated from ferrochrome production operations is present at the Macalloy Corporation Superfund site in Charleston, S.C. Groundwater hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentrations in the approximately 20 acre-foot COPR sat...

A Degradation Analysis Methodology for Maintenance Tasks

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-12

Support Maintenance Company ......... ................... ...... 115 ................. .................. ,.... - ’ vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1-I...Versus Individual Effectiveness ..................... 115 5-4. Effectiveiess Results for Threat One ..................... 117 5-5. Effectiveness...model does not differenti - ate between a task which requires a high degree of fine finger dexteri- ty from another task involving only gross body

The effect of response-delay on estimating reachability.

PubMed

Gabbard, Carl; Ammar, Diala

2008-11-01

The experiment was conducted to compare visual imagery (VI) and motor imagery (MI) reaching tasks in a response-delay paradigm designed to explore the hypothesized dissociation between vision for perception and vision for action. Although the visual systems work cooperatively in motor control, theory suggests that they operate under different temporal constraints. From this perspective, we expected that delay would affect MI but not VI because MI operates in real time and VI is postulated to be memory-driven. Following measurement of actual reach, right-handers were presented seven (imagery) targets at midline in eight conditions: MI and VI with 0-, 1-, 2-, and 4-s delays. Results indicted that delay affected the ability to estimate reachability with MI but not with VI. These results are supportive of a general distinction between vision for perception and vision for action.

The application of potassium ferrate for sewage treatment.

PubMed

Jiang, Jia-Qian; Panagoulopoulos, Alex; Bauer, Mike; Pearce, Pete

2006-04-01

The comparative performance of potassium ferrate(VI), ferric sulphate and aluminium sulphate for the removal of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour (as Vis400-abs) and bacteria in sewage treatment was evaluated. For coagulation and disinfection of sewage, potassium ferrate(VI) can remove more organic contaminants, COD and bacteria in comparison with the other two coagulants for the same doses used. Also, potassium ferrate(VI) produces less sludge volume and removes more contaminants, which should make subsequent sludge treatment easier.

Determination of hexavalent chromium concentration in industrial waste incinerator stack gas by using a modified ion chromatography with post-column derivatization method.

PubMed

Miyake, Yuichi; Tokumura, Masahiro; Iwazaki, Yuta; Wang, Qi; Amagai, Takashi; Horii, Yuichi; Otsuka, Hideyuki; Tanikawa, Noboru; Kobayashi, Takeshi; Oguchi, Masahiro

2017-06-16

An ion chromatography with post-column derivatization with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (IC-DPC) analytical method was modified to enable measurement of trace-level hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in air. One of the difficulties in determining trace levels of Cr(VI) in air with conventional IC-DPC methods is co-elution of the solvent and ion peaks due to high concentrations of ionic compounds in the extract. However, by using gradient elution rather than isocratic elution we were able to fully resolve the Cr(VI) ion peak from the solvent peak without the need for diluting the extract, which would have reduced the minimum quantifiable level of the method. With this method, we were able to detect Cr(VI) in air at concentrations of 5.3ng/m 3 (assuming a sampling volume of 1m 3 and a final solution volume of 10mL). Recovery tests at three different concentrations of Cr(VI) (50, 250, 1000ng) were performed with or without fly ash; recovery rates at all the concentrations of Cr(VI), with or without fly ash, ranged from 68% to 110% (mean±relative standard deviation, 96%±11%), and there were no differences in recovery rates with respect to the presence or absence of fly ash. Finally, we used the developed method to determine the concentration of Cr(VI) in stack gases collected from eight industrial waste incinerators located in Japan. The concentration of Cr(VI) in the stack gases ranged from below the method quantification limit to 3100ng/m 3 . The highest concentrations of Cr(VI) detected in the stack gases were two to three orders of magnitude higher than that in ambient air in Japan. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

76 FR 45280 - Notice of ACHP Quarterly Business Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... of Chairman's Award III. Chairman's Report IV. ACHP Management Issues A. Credentials Committee Report... America's Great Outdoors D. ACHP Legislative Agenda E. Sustainability Task Force F. Web Site Update and Social Media G. Preservation Action Federal Preservation Task Force Report and Recommendations VI...

Short-Term Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Influences on Placental Vascularization Indexes.

PubMed

Hettfleisch, Karen; Bernardes, Lisandra Stein; Carvalho, Mariana Azevedo; Pastro, Luciana Duzolina Manfré; Vieira, Sandra Elisabete; Saldiva, Silvia R D M; Saldiva, Paulo; Francisco, Rossana Pulcineli Vieira

2017-04-01

It has been widely demonstrated that air pollution can affect human health and that certain pollutant gases lead to adverse obstetric outcomes, such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. We evaluated the influence of individual maternal exposure to air pollution on placental volume and vascularization evaluated in the first trimester of pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study on low-risk pregnant women living in São Paulo, Brazil. The women carried passive personal NO 2 and O 3 monitors in the week preceding evaluation. We employed the virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) technique using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate placental volume and placental vascular indexes [vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI)]. We analyzed the influence of pollutant levels on log-transformed placental vascularization and volume using multiple regression models. We evaluated 229 patients. Increased NO 2 levels had a significant negative association with log of VI ( p = 0.020 and beta = -0.153) and VFI ( p = 0.024 and beta = -0.151). NO 2 and O 3 had no influence on the log of placental volume or FI. NO 2 , an estimator of primary air pollutants, was significantly associated with diminished VI and VFI in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Interaction of reinforcement schedules, a behavioral prosthesis, and work-related behavior in adults with mental retardation.

PubMed

Saunders, Richard R; McEntee, Julie E; Saunders, Muriel D

2005-01-01

The effects of variable-interval (VI) and fixed-ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement for work-related behavior and an organizer for the work materials (behavioral prosthesis) were evaluated with 3 adults with severe or profound mental retardation. The participants had been recommended for study because of high rates of off-task and aberrant behavior in their daily vocational training programs. For 2 participants, VI and FR schedules resulted in the same outcome: more aberrant behavior than on-task and off-task behavior combined. The FR schedule nearly eliminated emission of aberrant and off-task behavior by the 3rd participant. Combining the behavioral prosthesis with FR reinforcement (FR+O) increased the proportion of time spent in on-task behavior by all participants under certain FR schedule parameters. Second-by-second analyses of the observation records revealed that FR schedules reduced off-task and aberrant behavior during work sequences (i.e., ratio runs), and FR+O led to a further reduction of these behaviors during postreinforcement pauses. Overall, the results show how organizer and schedule parameters can be adjusted to produce an optimized balance between productivity and reinforcement while undesirable behavior is minimized.

Boletin Estadistico de la Educacion: Ano VI, No. 1 (Statistical Bulletin on Education: Volume VI, No. 1).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ministerio de Educacion, Guatemala City (Guatemala). Oficina de Planeamiento Integral de la Educacion.

This booklet presents statistics concerning primary education in Guatemala. The first section covers enrollment, considering such factors as type of school and location. Other sections provide statistics on teachers, their locations, the number of schools, enrollment in terms of students repeating grades or leaving school, students advancing out…

Swahili 12 Weeks Course. Volume VI, Vocabulary List: Swahili-English, English-Swahili.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Defense Language Inst., Washington, DC.

This Swahili-English/English-Swahili vocabulary list accompanies the Defense Language Institute's 12-weeks course in Swahili. For a description of the first five volumes (55 lesson units), see ED 026 651. (AMM)

Variation and decomposition of the partial molar volume of small gas molecules in different organic solvents derived from molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Klähn, Marco; Martin, Alistair; Cheong, Daniel W; Garland, Marc V

2013-12-28

The partial molar volumes, V(i), of the gas solutes H2, CO, and CO2, solvated in acetone, methanol, heptane, and diethylether are determined computationally in the limit of infinite dilution and standard conditions. Solutions are described with molecular dynamics simulations in combination with the OPLS-aa force field for solvents and customized force field for solutes. V(i) is determined with the direct method, while the composition of V(i) is studied with Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs). Subsequently, the amount of unoccupied space and size of pre-formed cavities in pure solvents is determined. Additionally, the shape of individual solvent cages is analyzed. Calculated V(i) deviate only 3.4 cm(3) mol(-1) (7.1%) from experimental literature values. Experimental V(i) variations across solutions are reproduced qualitatively and also quantitatively in most cases. The KBI analysis identifies differences in solute induced solvent reorganization in the immediate vicinity of H2 (<0.7 nm) and solvent reorganization up to the third solvation shell of CO and CO2 (<1.6 nm) as the origin of V(i) variations. In all solutions, larger V(i) are found in solvents that exhibit weak internal interactions, low cohesive energy density and large compressibility. Weak internal interactions facilitate solvent displacement by thermal solute movement, which enhances the size of solvent cages and thus V(i). Additionally, attractive electrostatic interactions of CO2 and the solvents, which do not depend on internal solvent interactions only, partially reversed the V(i) trends observed in H2 and CO solutions where electrostatic interactions with the solvents are absent. More empty space and larger pre-formed cavities are found in solvents with weak internal interactions, however, no evidence is found that solutes in any considered solvent are accommodated in pre-formed cavities. Individual solvent cages are found to be elongated in the negative direction of solute movement. This wake behind the moving solute is more pronounced in case of mobile H2 and in solvents with weaker internal interactions. However, deviations from a spherical solvent cage shape do not influence solute-solvent radial distribution functions after averaging over all solvent cage orientations and hence do not change V(i). Overall, the applied methodology reproduces V(i) and its variations reliably and the used V(i) decompositions identify the underlying reasons behind observed V(i) variations.

Variation and decomposition of the partial molar volume of small gas molecules in different organic solvents derived from molecular dynamics simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klähn, Marco; Martin, Alistair; Cheong, Daniel W.; Garland, Marc V.

2013-12-01

The partial molar volumes, bar V_i, of the gas solutes H2, CO, and CO2, solvated in acetone, methanol, heptane, and diethylether are determined computationally in the limit of infinite dilution and standard conditions. Solutions are described with molecular dynamics simulations in combination with the OPLS-aa force field for solvents and customized force field for solutes. bar V_i is determined with the direct method, while the composition of bar V_i is studied with Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs). Subsequently, the amount of unoccupied space and size of pre-formed cavities in pure solvents is determined. Additionally, the shape of individual solvent cages is analyzed. Calculated bar V_i deviate only 3.4 cm3 mol-1 (7.1%) from experimental literature values. Experimental bar V_i variations across solutions are reproduced qualitatively and also quantitatively in most cases. The KBI analysis identifies differences in solute induced solvent reorganization in the immediate vicinity of H2 (<0.7 nm) and solvent reorganization up to the third solvation shell of CO and CO2 (<1.6 nm) as the origin of bar V_i variations. In all solutions, larger bar V_i are found in solvents that exhibit weak internal interactions, low cohesive energy density and large compressibility. Weak internal interactions facilitate solvent displacement by thermal solute movement, which enhances the size of solvent cages and thus bar V_i. Additionally, attractive electrostatic interactions of CO2 and the solvents, which do not depend on internal solvent interactions only, partially reversed the bar V_i trends observed in H2 and CO solutions where electrostatic interactions with the solvents are absent. More empty space and larger pre-formed cavities are found in solvents with weak internal interactions, however, no evidence is found that solutes in any considered solvent are accommodated in pre-formed cavities. Individual solvent cages are found to be elongated in the negative direction of solute movement. This wake behind the moving solute is more pronounced in case of mobile H2 and in solvents with weaker internal interactions. However, deviations from a spherical solvent cage shape do not influence solute-solvent radial distribution functions after averaging over all solvent cage orientations and hence do not change bar V_i. Overall, the applied methodology reproduces bar V_i and its variations reliably and the used bar V_i decompositions identify the underlying reasons behind observed bar V_i variations.

Application of a surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method along with central composite design for micro-volume based spectrophotometric determination of low level of Cr(VI) ions in aquatic samples.

PubMed

Sobhi, Hamid Reza; Azadikhah, Efat; Behbahani, Mohammad; Esrafili, Ali; Ghambarian, Mahnaz

2018-05-09

A fast, simple, low cost surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method along with central composite design for the determination of low level of Cr(VI) ions in several aquatic samples has been developed. Initially, Cr(VI) ions present in the aqueous sample were readily reacted with 1,5‑diphenylcarbazide (DPC) in acidic medium through complexation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as an anionic surfactant, was then employed as an ion-pair agent to convert the cationic complex into the neutral one. Following on, the whole aqueous phase underwent a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) leading to the transfer of the neutral complex into the fine droplet of organic extraction phase. A micro-volume spectrophotometer was used to determine Cr(VI) concentrations. Under the optimized conditions predicted by the statistical design, the limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained was reported to be 5.0 μg/L, and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5-100 μg/L. Finally, the method was successfully implemented for the determination of low levels of Cr(VI) ions in various real aquatic samples and the accuracies fell within the range of 83-102%, while the precision varied in the span of 1.7-5.2%. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

International and Intercultural Communication Annual, Volume VI, December 1982.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jain, Nemi C., Ed.

Designed to serve as a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning international and intercultural communication, this annual volume contains articles that cover a variety of topics. The first half of the volume contains seven articles discussing the following: (1) a pragmatic approach to mass media development in three models of developing…

Nano iron oxide impregnated in chitosan bead as a highly efficient sorbent for Cr(VI) removal from water.

PubMed

Lu, Jianbo; Xu, Kai; Yang, Jinmei; Hao, Yarong; Cheng, Fang

2017-10-01

Using Fe(III) salts and chitosan, nano iron oxide impregnated in chitosan bead (NIOC) was successfully synthesized for aqueous Cr(VI) detoxification via sol-gel technique without any additional crosslinking agent. NIOC characterization demonstrated that the iron in NIOC mainly existed as nano akaganeite (β-FeOOH) and complex with chitosan. Intraparticle diffusion was the major rate-limiting step. The maximal adsorption capacity was 69.8mg/g (pH 5.0, 20°C). Normal concentration of coexisting anions (SO 4 2- , CO 3 2- , SiO 3 2 -) showed insignificant competition, whereas PO 4 3- suppressed the Cr(VI) sorption. Cr(VI)-loaded NIOC could be effectively regenerated by alkaline solutions. Column adsorption runs using granular NIOC could effectively treat about 1600 bed volumes of Cr(VI) solution (from 3.7mg Cr/L in influent to <0.5mg Cr/L in effluent). The Cr(VI) removal mechanisms involved the direct sorption of Cr(VI) (electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange), reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) and re-sorption of Cr(III) via chelation on NIOC surface. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Correlation between three-dimensional power Doppler and morphometric measurement of endometrial vascularity at the time of embryo implantation in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

PubMed

Chen, Xiaoyan; Saravelos, Sotirios H; Liu, Yingyu; Huang, Jin; Wang, Chi Chiu; Li, Tin Chiu

2017-06-01

Power Doppler in combination with three-dimensional (3D-PD) ultrasonography has been used as a noninvasive tool to evaluate the vascularity. However, it is unclear whether 3D-PD can accurately reflect endometrial vascularization and replace the invasive endometrial biopsy. This study aims to investigate the correlation between 3D-PD and micro vessel morphometric measurement of endometrial vascularity. Twenty-five women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage were recruited for 3D-PD and endometrial biopsy on precisely day LH + 7. Immunohistochemistry using vWF was employed to identify micro vessels in endometrial biopsy specimens followed by the use of morphometric technique to measure the mean vessel diameter and volume fractions. The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) assessed by 3D-PD were calculated for both the endometrial and sub-endometrial regions. There were no significant correlations between any of the ultrasonographic measurements (endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, endometrial VI/FI/VFI, sub-endometrial volume, sub-endometrial VI/FI/VFI) and morphometric features (number of micro vessel, mean diameter of micro vessel and volume fraction measurement of vessel). This study indicates that endometrial vascularity assessed by 3D-PD could not be used to reflect changes in micro vessels of the endometrium at the time of embryo implantation in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

MX Siting Investigation Geotechnical Evaluation. Volume IA. Nevada-Utah Verification Studies, FY 79.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-24

JUSTIFICATION E ECTE DISTRIUrION, D AVAILABILITY CODES DIST AVAIL AND/OR SPECIAL DATE ACCESSIONED 11 * Original contains color plates: All DTIC reproduct- IA...White River North, Garden- Coal , Reveille-Railroad and Big Smoky CDPs. Section 11.0 briefly explains previous work performed in Dry Lake and Ralston...Hamlin CDP Volume V - White River North CDP Volume VI - Garden- Coal CDP Volume VII - Reveille-Railroad CDP Volume VIII - Big Smoky CDP Volume IX - Dry

Comparing the Impact of Refractive and Non-Refractive Vision Loss on Functioning and Disability: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation

PubMed Central

Zebardast, Nazlee; Swenor, Bonnielin K.; van Landingham, Suzanne W.; Massof, Robert W.; Munoz, Beatriz; West, Sheila K.; Ramulu, Pradeep Y.

2015-01-01

Purpose To compare the effects of uncorrected refractive error (URE) and non-refractive visual impairment (VI) on performance and disability measures. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Participants 2469 individuals with binocular presenting visual acuity (PVA) of 20/80 or better who participated in the first round of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. Methods URE was defined as binocular PVA of 20/30 or worse, improving to better than 20/30 with subjective refraction. VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 or worse. The visual acuity decrement attributable to VI was calculated as the difference between BCVA and 20/30 while that due to URE was taken as the difference between PVA and BCVA. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the disability impact of 1) vision status (VI, URE, or normal vision) using the group with normal vision as reference, and 2) a one-line decrement in acuity due to VI or URE. Main Outcome Measures Objective measures of visual function were obtained from timed performance of mobility and near vision tasks, self-reported driving cessation, and self-reported visual difficulty measured by the Activities of Daily Vision (ADV) scale. ADV responses were analyzed using Rasch analysis to determine visual ability. Results Compared to individuals with normal vision, subjects with VI (n=191) had significantly poorer objective and subjective visual functioning in all metrics examined (p<0.05) while subjects with URE (n=132) demonstrated slower walking speeds, slower near task performance, more frequent driving cessation and lower ADV scores (p<0.05), but did not demonstrate slower stair climbing or descent speed. For all functional metrics evaluated, the impact of VI was greater than the impact of URE. The impact of a one-line VA decrement due to VI was associated with greater deficits in mobility measures and driving cessation when compared to a one-line VA decrement due to URE. Conclusions VI is associated with greater disability than URE across a wide variety of functional measures, even in analyses adjusting for the severity of vision loss. Refractive and non-refractive vision loss should be distinguished in studies evaluating visual disability, and should be understood to have differing consequences. PMID:25813453

Gas-Phase Coordination Complexes of UVIO{2/2+}, NpVIO{2/2+}, and PuVIO{2/2+} with Dimethylformamide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rutkowski, Philip X.; Rios, Daniel; Gibson, John K.; van Stipdonk, Michael J.

2011-11-01

Electrospray ionization of actinyl perchlorate solutions in H2O with 5% by volume of dimethylformamide (DMF) produced the isolatable gas-phase complexes, [AnVIO2(DMF)3(H2O)]2+ and [AnVIO2(DMF)4]2+, where An = U, Np, and Pu. Collision-induced dissociation confirmed the composition of the dipositive coordination complexes, and produced doubly- and singly-charged fragment ions. The fragmentation products reveal differences in underlying chemistries of uranyl, neptunyl, and plutonyl, including the lower stability of Np(VI) and Pu(VI) compared with U(VI).

Computer Simulation of a Multiaxis Air-to-Air Tracking Task Using the Optimal Pilot Control Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

v ABSTRACT ........ ............................. .. vi CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION ....... ..................... 1 1.1 Motivation... Introduction ......... . 4 2.2 Optimal Pilot Control Model and Control Synthesis 4 2.3 Pitch Tracking Task ...... ................... 6 2.4 Multiaxis...CHAPTER 3 - SIMULATION SYSTEM ...... .................. 33 3.1 Introduction ........ ....................... 33 3.2 System Hardware

Fish and Fisheries. Alaska Sea Week Curriculum Series VI. Alaska Sea Grant Report 83-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mickelson, Belle; Barr, Nancy

This curriculum guide is the fifth (Series VI) in a six-volume set that comprises the Sea Week Curriculum Series developed in Alaska. The book lends itself to the fifth-grade level but can be adapted to preschool, secondary, and adult education. Seven units contain 48 activities with worksheets that cover the following topics: (1) fish, their…

ONR Far East Scientific Information Bulletin. Volume 13, Number 2, April-June 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

Resistivity H -VI Crystals at the Tokyo Institute of Technology ..... 5 George B. Wright New II- VI materials open the door for optoelectronic...XVHI on Superconductivity in H ighly Correlated Ferm ion Systems ....................................................................... 83 Wendy...increases, but the lattice pared \\, h the "n-type" conductivity asso- constant changes very little. ciated with donors. The conductivitV is Finally, in a

Regional volumes in brain stem and cerebellum are associated with postural impairments in young brain-injured patients.

PubMed

Drijkoningen, David; Leunissen, Inge; Caeyenberghs, Karen; Hoogkamer, Wouter; Sunaert, Stefan; Duysens, Jacques; Swinnen, Stephan P

2015-12-01

Many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) suffer from postural control impairments that can profoundly affect daily life. The cerebellum and brain stem are crucial for the neural control of posture and have been shown to be vulnerable to primary and secondary structural consequences of TBI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphometric differences in the brain stem and cerebellum can account for impairments in static and dynamic postural control in TBI. TBI patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 30) completed three challenging postural control tasks on the EquiTest® system (Neurocom). Infratentorial grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes were analyzed with cerebellum-optimized voxel-based morphometry using the spatially unbiased infratentorial toolbox. Volume loss in TBI patients was revealed in global cerebellar GM, global infratentorial WM, middle cerebellar peduncles, pons and midbrain. In the TBI group and across both groups, lower postural control performance was associated with reduced GM volume in the vermal/paravermal regions of lobules I-IV, V and VI. Moreover, across all participants, worse postural control performance was associated with lower WM volume in the pons, medulla, midbrain, superior and middle cerebellar peduncles and cerebellum. This is the first study in TBI patients to demonstrate an association between postural impairments and reduced volume in specific infratentorial brain areas. Volumetric measures of the brain stem and cerebellum may be valuable prognostic markers of the chronic neural pathology, which complicates rehabilitation of postural control in TBI. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Enhanced control & sensing for the REMOTEC ANDROS Mk VI robot. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spelt, P.F.; Harvey, H.W.

1997-08-01

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., and REMOTEC, Inc., explored methods of providing operator feedback for various work actions of the ANDROS Mk VI teleoperated robot. In a hazardous environment, an extremely heavy workload seriously degrades the productivity of teleoperated robot operators. This CRADA involved the addition of computer power to the robot along with a variety of sensors and encoders to provide information about the robot`s performance in and relationship to its environment. Software was developed to integrate the sensor and encoder information and provide control input to the robot. ANDROS Mkmore » VI robots are presently used by numerous electric utilities to perform tasks in reactors where substantial exposure to radiation exists, as well as in a variety of other hazardous environments. Further, this platform has potential for use in a number of environmental restoration tasks, such as site survey and detection of hazardous waste materials. The addition of sensors and encoders serves to make the robot easier to manage and permits tasks to be done more safely and inexpensively (due to time saved in the completion of complex remote tasks). Prior research on the automation of mobile platforms with manipulators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s Center for Engineering Systems Advanced Research (CESAR, B&R code KC0401030) Laboratory, a BES-supported facility, indicated that this type of enhancement is effective. This CRADA provided such enhancements to a successful working teleoperated robot for the first time. Performance of this CRADA used the CESAR laboratory facilities and expertise developed under BES funding.« less

Are children with low vision adapted to the visual environment in classrooms of mainstream schools?

PubMed

Negiloni, Kalpa; Ramani, Krishna Kumar; Jeevitha, R; Kalva, Jayashree; Sudhir, Rachapalle Reddi

2018-02-01

The study aimed to evaluate the classroom environment of children with low vision and provide recommendations to reduce visual stress, with focus on mainstream schooling. The medical records of 110 children (5-17 years) seen in low vision clinic during 1 year period (2015) at a tertiary care center in south India were extracted. The visual function levels of children were compared to the details of their classroom environment. The study evaluated and recommended the chalkboard visual task size and viewing distance required for children with mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment (VI). The major causes of low vision based on the site of abnormality and etiology were retinal (80%) and hereditary (67%) conditions, respectively, in children with mild (n = 18), moderate (n = 72), and severe (n = 20) VI. Many of the children (72%) had difficulty in viewing chalkboard and common strategies used for better visibility included copying from friends (47%) and going closer to chalkboard (42%). To view the chalkboard with reduced visual stress, a child with mild VI can be seated at a maximum distance of 4.3 m from the chalkboard, with the minimum size of visual task (height of lowercase letter writing on chalkboard) recommended to be 3 cm. For 3/60-6/60 range, the maximum viewing distance with the visual task size of 4 cm is recommended to be 85 cm to 1.7 m. Simple modifications of the visual task size and seating arrangements can aid children with low vision with better visibility of chalkboard and reduced visual stress to manage in mainstream schools.

Commencement Bay Study. Volume I. Summary and Synthesis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-31

Volume II Land and Water Use Volume VI Physical Oceanography Volume III Fish and Wetlands Volume VII Sediments, Noise, Climate and Volume IV...Invertebrates Air Quality, Birds IS. KEY WORDS (Conthwe an fever"e *#do I 06ee87 end idenltf by block -her) Salmonids Wetlands Noise Aesthetics Marine Fish ...ENVIRONMENT 18 4 .1 GENERAL 18 4.2 BENTHIC INVERTSBRATUS 19 4.3 COMMERCIAL AND RECREATIONAL SHELLFISH 22 4.4 FISH 23 4.4.1 juvenile and Adult Salonids 24 4.4.2

16 CFR 306.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; (vi) Biodiesel; (vii) Biomass-based diesel; (viii) Biodiesel blends containing more than 5 percent biodiesel by volume; and (ix) Biomass-based diesel blends containing more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel by volume. (3) Biodiesel blends and biomass-based diesel blends that contain less than or equal to...

16 CFR 306.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; (vi) Biodiesel; (vii) Biomass-based diesel; (viii) Biodiesel blends containing more than 5 percent biodiesel by volume; and (ix) Biomass-based diesel blends containing more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel by volume. (3) Biodiesel blends and biomass-based diesel blends that contain less than or equal to...

16 CFR 306.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; (vi) Biodiesel; (vii) Biomass-based diesel; (viii) Biodiesel blends containing more than 5 percent biodiesel by volume; and (ix) Biomass-based diesel blends containing more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel by volume. (3) Biodiesel blends and biomass-based diesel blends that contain less than or equal to...

16 CFR 306.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; (vi) Biodiesel; (vii) Biomass-based diesel; (viii) Biodiesel blends containing more than 5 percent biodiesel by volume; and (ix) Biomass-based diesel blends containing more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel by volume. (3) Biodiesel blends and biomass-based diesel blends that contain less than or equal to...

16 CFR 306.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; (vi) Biodiesel; (vii) Biomass-based diesel; (viii) Biodiesel blends containing more than 5 percent biodiesel by volume; and (ix) Biomass-based diesel blends containing more than 5 percent biomass-based diesel by volume. (3) Biodiesel blends and biomass-based diesel blends that contain less than or equal to...

Graduates from vertically integrated curricula.

PubMed

Wijnen-Meijer, Marjo; ten Cate, Olle; van der Schaaf, Marieke; Harendza, Sigrid

2013-06-01

  Vertical integration (VI) has been recommended as an undergraduate medical curriculum structure that fosters the transition to postgraduate training. Our definition of VI includes: (1) the provision of early clinical experience; (2) the integration of biomedical sciences with clinical cases; (3) long clerkships during the final year; and (4) increasing levels of clinical responsibility for students. The aim of the current study is to support the hypothesis that medical graduates from VI programmes meet the expectations of postgraduate supervisors better than those from non-VI curricula.   A questionnaire study was carried out among supervisors of postgraduate training programmes run at Utrecht (the Netherlands, VI; n = 128) and Hamburg (Germany, non-VI; n = 114). The supervisors were asked about their medical graduates' preparedness for work, knowledge and capabilities to manage some specific parts of the work as a doctor. They evaluated their performances on a five-point Likert scale.   The two groups of supervisors did not differ in their judgment of their graduates' preparedness for work and level of knowledge. However, supervisors in Utrecht evaluated their graduates higher with respect to capability to work independently, solving medical problems, managing unfamiliar medical situations, prioritising tasks, collaborating with other people, estimating when they need to consult their supervisors and reflecting on their activities.   Graduates from VI medical curricula appeared to be more capable in several facets of a doctor's job. Research into the actual performance of graduates from VI and non-VI curricula is needed to further support a firm recommendation for VI curricula. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Communication Strategies for Shared-Bus Embedded Multiprocessors

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

target architecture [10]. We utilize the task execution model in [11], where each task vi in the task graph G = (V,E) is associated with three possible...predictability is therefore an interesting and important direction for further study. REFERENCES [1] T. Kogel, M. Doerper, A. Wieferink, R. Leupers, G ...Proceedings of Real-Time Technology and Applications Symposium, 1995, pp. 164–173. [11] S. Hua, G . Qu, and S. Bhattacharyya, “Energy reduction technique

Magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in environmental waters.

PubMed

Jiang, Hong-mei; Yang, Ting; Wang, Yan-hong; Lian, Hong-zhen; Hu, Xin

2013-11-15

A new approach of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been developed for the speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using zincon-immobilized silica-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Zincon-Si-MNPs) as the MSPE absorbent. Cr(III) was quantitatively reserved on the absorbent at pH 9.1 while total Cr was reserved at pH 6.5. The absorbed Cr species were eluted by using 2 mol/L HCl and detected by GFAAS. The concentration of Cr(VI) could be calculated by subtracting Cr(III) from total Cr. All the parameters affecting the separation and extraction efficiency of Cr species such as pH, extraction time, concentration and volume of eluent, sample volume and influence of co-existing ions were systematically examined and the optimized conditions were established accordingly. The detection limit (LOD) of the method was 0.016 and 0.011 ng mL(-1) for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively, with the enrichment factor of 100 and 150. The precisions of this method (Relative standard deviation, RSD, n=7) for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) at 0.1 ng mL(-1) were 6.0% and 6.2%, respectively. In order to validate the proposed method, a certified reference material of environmental water was analyzed, and the result of Cr speciation was in good agreement with the certified value. This MSPE-GFAAS method has been successfully applied for the speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in lake and tap waters with the recoveries of 88-109% for the spiked samples. Moreover, the MSPE separation mechanism of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) based on their adsorption-desorption on Zincon-Si-MNPs has been explained through various spectroscopic characterization. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tuning the Luminescence Properties of Colloidal I-III-VI Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Optoelectronics and Biotechnology Applications.

PubMed

Zhong, Haizheng; Bai, Zelong; Zou, Bingsuo

2012-11-01

In the past 5 years, colloidal I-III-VI nanocrystals such as CuInS2, CuInSe2, and AgInS2 have been intensively investigated for the potential to replace commonly available colloidal nanocrystals containing toxic elements in light-emitting and solar-harvesting applications. Many researchers from different disciplines are working on developing new synthetic protocols, performing spectroscopic studies to understand the luminescence mechanisms, and exploring various applications. To achieve enhanced performance, it is very desirable to obtain high-quality materials with tunable luminescence properties. In this Perspective, we highlight the current progress on tuning the luminescence properties of I-III-VI nanocrystals, especially focusing on the advances in the synthesis, spectroscopic properties, as well as the primary applications in light-emitting devices and bioimaging techniques. Finally, we outline the challenges concerning luminescent I-III-VI NCs and list a few important research tasks in this field.

Verbal working memory and reading abilities among students with visual impairment.

PubMed

Argyropoulos, Vassilios; Masoura, Elvira; Tsiakali, Thomai K; Nikolaraizi, Magda; Lappa, Christina

2017-05-01

This study investigated the relationship between working memory (WM) and reading abilities among students with visual impairment (VI). Seventy-five students with VI (visually impairment and blindness), aged 10-15 years old participated in the study, of whom 44 were visually impaired and 31 were blind. The participants' reading ability was assessed with the standardized reading ability battery Test-A (Padeliadu & Antoniou, 2008) and their verbal working memory ability was assessed with the listening recall task from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children (Pickering et al., 2001). Data analysis indicated a strong correlation between verbal WM and decoding, reading comprehension and overall reading ability among the participants with VI, while no correlation was found between reading fluency and verbal WM. The present study points out the important role of verbal WM in reading among students who are VI and carries implications for the education of those individuals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Allan Bakke versus Regents of the University of California. Volumes I-VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slocum, Alfred A., Ed.

The complete record of the litigation in Alan Bakke v. The Regents of the University of California is contained in these six volumes. Included are all the pleadings, briefs, and arguments reproduced in full text except for minor editing of the oral arguments and data pertaining to the proof of service affidavits of truths. Volume One contains the…

78 FR 62903 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

....0027 per share; (vi) lower the ADV threshold required to meet the MidPoint Match Volume Tier; and (vii...) lower the ADV threshold required to meet the MidPoint Match Volume Tier; and (vii) decrease the rebate... shares in average daily volume (``ADV'') on a daily basis, measured monthly; and (2) add at least 1,000...

ViA: a perceptual visualization assistant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Healey, Chris G.; St. Amant, Robert; Elhaddad, Mahmoud S.

2000-05-01

This paper describes an automated visualized assistant called ViA. ViA is designed to help users construct perceptually optical visualizations to represent, explore, and analyze large, complex, multidimensional datasets. We have approached this problem by studying what is known about the control of human visual attention. By harnessing the low-level human visual system, we can support our dual goals of rapid and accurate visualization. Perceptual guidelines that we have built using psychophysical experiments form the basis for ViA. ViA uses modified mixed-initiative planning algorithms from artificial intelligence to search of perceptually optical data attribute to visual feature mappings. Our perceptual guidelines are integrated into evaluation engines that provide evaluation weights for a given data-feature mapping, and hints on how that mapping might be improved. ViA begins by asking users a set of simple questions about their dataset and the analysis tasks they want to perform. Answers to these questions are used in combination with the evaluation engines to identify and intelligently pursue promising data-feature mappings. The result is an automatically-generated set of mappings that are perceptually salient, but that also respect the context of the dataset and users' preferences about how they want to visualize their data.

Using behavioral statistical physics to understand supply and demand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farmer, Doyne

2007-03-01

We construct a quantitative theory for a proxy for supply and demand curves using methods that look and feel a lot like physics. Neoclassical economics postulates that supply and demand curves can be explained as the result of rational agents selfishly maximizing their utility, but this approach has had very little empirical success. We take quite a different approach, building supply and demand curves out of impulsive responses to not-quite-random trading fluctuations. Because of reasons of empirical measurability, as a good proxy for changes in supply and demand we study the aggregate price impact function R(V), giving the average logarithmic price change R as a function of the signed trading volume V. (If a trade vi is initiated by a buyer, it has a plus sign, and vice versa for sellers; the signed trading volume for a series of N successive trades is VN(t) = ∑i=t^i=t+N vi). We develop a ``zero-intelligence" null hypothesis that each trade vi gives an impulsive kick f(vi) to the price, so that the average return RN(t) = ∑i=t^i=t+N f(vi). Under the assumption that vi is IID, R(VN) has a characteristic concave shape, becoming linear in the limit as N ->∞. Under some circumstances this is universal for large N, in the sense that it is independent of the functional form of f. While this null hypothesis gives useful qualitative intuition, to make it quantitatively correct, one must add two additional elements: (1) The signs of vi are a long-memory process and (2) the return R is efficient, in the sense that it is not possible to make profits with a linear prediction of the signs of vi. Using data from the London Stock Exchange we demonstrate that this theory works well, predicting both the magnitude and shape of R(VN). We show that the fluctuations in R are very large and for some purposes more important than the average behavior. A computer model for the fluctuations suggests the existence of an equation of state relating the diffusion rate of prices to the flow of trading orders.

Phase VI Glove Durability Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, Kathryn

2011-01-01

The current state-of-the-art space suit gloves, the Phase VI gloves, have an operational life of 25 -- 8 hour Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) in a dust free, manufactured microgravity EVA environment. Future planetary outpost missions create the need for space suit gloves which can endure up to 90 -- 8 hour traditional EVAs or 576 -- 45 minute suit port-based EVAs in a dirty, uncontrolled planetary environment. Prior to developing improved space suit gloves for use in planetary environments, it is necessary to understand how the current state-of-the-art performs in these environments. The Phase VI glove operational life has traditionally been certified through cycle testing consisting of International Space Station (ISS)-based EVA tasks in a clean environment, and glove durability while performing planetary EVA tasks in a dirty environment has not previously been characterized. Testing was performed in the spring of 2010 by the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Crew and Thermal Systems Division (CTSD) to characterize the durability of the Phase VI Glove and identify areas of the glove design which need improvement to meet the requirements of future NASA missions. Lunar simulant was used in this test to help replicate the dirty lunar environment, and generic planetary surface EVA tasks were performed during testing. A total of 50 manned, pressurized test sessions were completed in the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) using one pair of Phase VI gloves as the test article. The 50 test sessions were designed to mimic the total amount of pressurized cycling the gloves would experience over a 6 month planetary outpost mission. The gloves were inspected periodically throughout testing, to assess their condition at various stages in the test and to monitor the gloves for failures. Additionally, motion capture and force data were collected during 18 of the 50 test sessions to assess the accuracy of the cycle model predictions used in testing and to feed into the development of improved cycle model tables. This paper provides a detailed description of the test hardware and methodology, shares the results of the testing, and provides recommendations for future work.

Does Central Vision Loss Impair Visual Search Performance of Adults More than Children?

PubMed

Satgunam, PremNandhini; Luo, Gang

2018-05-01

In general, young adults with normal vision show the best visual search performance when compared with children and older adults. Through our study, we show that this trend is not observed in individuals with vision impairment. An interaction effect of vision impairment with visual development and aging is observed. Performance in many visual tasks typically shows improvement with age until young adulthood and then declines with aging. Using a visual search task, this study investigated whether a similar age effect on performance is present in people with central vision loss. A total of 98 participants, 37 with normal sight (NS) and 61 with visual impairment (VI) searched for targets in 150 real-world digital images. Search performance was quantified by an integrated measure combining speed and accuracy. Participant ages ranged from 5 to 74 years, visual acuity from -0.14 (20/14.5) to 1.16 logMAR (20/290), and log contrast sensitivity (CS) from 0.48 to 2.0. Data analysis was performed with participants divided into three age groups: children (aged <14 years, n = 25), young adults (aged 14 to 45 years, n = 47), and older adults (aged >45 years, n = 26). Regression (r = 0.7) revealed CS (P < .001) and age (P = .003) were significant predictors of search performance. Performance of VI participants was normalized to the age-matched average performance of the NS group. In the VI group, it was found that children's normalized performance (52%) was better than both young (39%, P = .05) and older (40%, P = .048) adults. Unlike NS participants, young adults in the VI group may not have search ability superior to children with VI, despite having the same level of visual functions (quantified by visual acuity and CS). This could be because of vision impairment limiting the developmental acquisition of the age dividend for peak performance. Older adults in the VI group had the worst performance, indicating an interaction of aging.

Dyslexic Children Show Atypical Cerebellar Activation and Cerebro-Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Orthographic and Phonological Processing.

PubMed

Feng, Xiaoxia; Li, Le; Zhang, Manli; Yang, Xiujie; Tian, Mengyu; Xie, Weiyi; Lu, Yao; Liu, Li; Bélanger, Nathalie N; Meng, Xiangzhi; Ding, Guosheng

2017-04-01

Previous neuroimaging studies have found atypical cerebellar activation in individuals with dyslexia in either motor-related tasks or language tasks. However, studies investigating atypical cerebellar activation in individuals with dyslexia have mostly used tasks tapping phonological processing. A question that is yet unanswered is whether the cerebellum in individuals with dyslexia functions properly during orthographic processing of words, as growing evidence shows that the cerebellum is also involved in visual and spatial processing. Here, we investigated cerebellar activation and cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity during word processing in dyslexic readers and typically developing readers using tasks that tap orthographic and phonological codes. In children with dyslexia, we observed an abnormally higher engagement of the bilateral cerebellum for the orthographic task, which was negatively correlated with literacy measures. The greater the reading impairment was for young dyslexic readers, the stronger the cerebellar activation was. This suggests a compensatory role of the cerebellum in reading for children with dyslexia. In addition, a tendency for higher cerebellar activation in dyslexic readers was found in the phonological task. Moreover, the functional connectivity was stronger for dyslexic readers relative to typically developing readers between the lobule VI of the right cerebellum and the left fusiform gyrus during the orthographic task and between the lobule VI of the left cerebellum and the left supramarginal gyrus during the phonological task. This pattern of results suggests that the cerebellum compensates for reading impairment through the connections with specific brain regions responsible for the ongoing reading task. These findings enhance our understanding of the cerebellum's involvement in reading and reading impairment.

Novel reinforcement learning paradigm based on response patterning under interval schedules of reinforcement.

PubMed

Schifani, Christin; Sukhanov, Ilya; Dorofeikova, Mariia; Bespalov, Anton

2017-07-28

There is a need to develop cognitive tasks that address valid neuropsychological constructs implicated in disease mechanisms and can be used in animals and humans to guide novel drug discovery. Present experiments aimed to characterize a novel reinforcement learning task based on a classical operant behavioral phenomenon observed in multiple species - differences in response patterning under variable (VI) vs fixed interval (FI) schedules of reinforcement. Wistar rats were trained to press a lever for food under VI30s and later weekly test sessions were introduced with reinforcement schedule switched to FI30s. During the FI30s test session, post-reinforcement pauses (PRPs) gradually grew towards the end of the session reaching 22-43% of the initial values. Animals could be retrained under VI30s conditions, and FI30s test sessions were repeated over a period of several months without appreciable signs of a practice effect. Administration of the non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 ((5S,10R)-(+)-5-Methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate) prior to FI30s sessions prevented adjustment of PRPs associated with the change from VI to FI schedule. This effect was most pronounced at the highest tested dose of MK-801 and appeared to be independent of the effects of this dose on response rates. These results provide initial evidence for the possibility to use different response patterning under VI and FI schedules with equivalent reinforcement density for studying effects of drug treatment on reinforcement learning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparing the Impact of Refractive and Nonrefractive Vision Loss on Functioning and Disability: The Salisbury Eye Evaluation.

PubMed

Zebardast, Nazlee; Swenor, Bonnielin K; van Landingham, Suzanne W; Massof, Robert W; Munoz, Beatriz; West, Sheila K; Ramulu, Pradeep Y

2015-06-01

To compare the effects of uncorrected refractive error (URE) and nonrefractive visual impairment (VI) on performance and disability measures. Cross-sectional, population-based study. A total of 2469 individuals with binocular presenting visual acuity (PVA) of ≥ 20/80 who participated in the first round of the Salisbury Eye Evaluation study. The URE was defined as binocular PVA of ≤ 20/30, improving to >20/30 with subjective refraction. The VI was defined as post-refraction binocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≤ 20/30. The visual acuity decrement due to VI was calculated as the difference between BCVA and 20/30, whereas visual acuity due to URE was taken as the difference between PVA and BCVA. Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the disability impact of (1) vision status (VI, URE, or normal vision) using the group with normal vision as reference and (2) a 1-line decrement in acuity due to VI or URE. Objective measures of visual function were obtained from timed performance of mobility and near vision tasks, self-reported driving cessation, and self-reported visual difficulty measured by the Activities of Daily Vision (ADV) scale. The ADV responses were analyzed using Rasch analysis to determine visual ability. Compared with individuals with normal vision, subjects with VI (n = 191) had significantly poorer objective and subjective visual functioning in all metrics examined (P < 0.05), whereas subjects with URE (n = 132) demonstrated slower walking speeds, slower near task performance, more frequent driving cessation, and lower ADV scores (P < 0.05), but did not demonstrate slower stair climbing or descent speed. For all functional metrics evaluated, the impact of VI was greater than the impact of URE. The impact of a 1-line VA decrement due to VI was associated with greater deficits in mobility measures and driving cessation when compared with a 1-line VA decrement due to URE. Visual impairment is associated with greater disability than URE across a wide variety of functional measures, even in analyses adjusting for the severity of vision loss. Refractive and nonrefractive vision loss should be distinguished in studies evaluating visual disability and be understood to have differing consequences. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

POLLUTION EFFECTS OF ABNORMAL OPERATIONS IN IRON AND STEEL MAKING. VOLUME VI. BASIC OXYGEN PROCESS, MANUAL OF PRACTICE

EPA Science Inventory

The report is one in a six-volume series considering abnormal operating conditions (AOCs) in the primary section (sintering, blast furnace ironmaking, open hearth, electric furnace, and basic oxygen steelmaking) of an integrated iron and steel plant. Pollution standards, generall...

Basic Communication Course Annual. Volume 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hugenberg, Lawrence W., Ed.

This volume of an annual collection presents eight essays relating to instruction in the basic communication course. The essays are: "The Basic Communication Course at U.S. Colleges and Universities: VI" (Sherwyn P. Morreale, Michael S. Hanna, Roy M. Berko, and James W. Gibson); "How Basic Course Directors Evaluate Teaching…

Anti-Armor Defense Data Study (A2D2). Volume 2. U.S. Anti-Tank Defense at Mortain, France (August, 1944)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-09

during the five days of the Battle of Mortain. A reasonable estimate would be at least 24 vehicles, including 3 Mk VI (" Tiger ") tanks , 8 Mk IV tanks...that Tiger tank that was a VI. M: Well, actually you know, there were two of them. There was a Tiger II that 0 they never changed the designation and

Application of Knowledge-Based Techniques to Tracking Function

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

38394041 42434445 46474849 505152 53545556 57585960 616263 646566 676869 707172 737475 7677 7879 8081 8283 8485 8687 8889 9091 9293 9495 969798 99100...Knowledge-based applications to adaptive space-time processing. Volume I: Summary”, AFRL-SN-TR-2001-146 Vol. I (of Vol. VI ), Final Technical Report, July...2001-146 Vol. IV (of Vol. VI ), Final Technical Report, July 2001. [53] C. Morgan, L. Moyer, “Knowledge-based applications to adaptive space-time

Methods for Estimating Adsorbed Uranium(VI) and Distribution Coefficients of Contaminated Sediments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kohler, M.; Curtis, G.P.; Meece, D.E.; Davis, J.A.

2004-01-01

Assessing the quantity of U(VI) that participates in sorption/desorption processes in a contaminated aquifer is an important task when investigating U migration behavior. U-contaminated aquifer sediments were obtained from 16 different locations at a former U mill tailings site at Naturita, CO (U.S.A.) and were extracted with an artificial groundwater, a high pH sodium bicarbonate solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution, and concentrated nitric acid. With an isotopic exchange method, both a KD value for the specific experimental conditions as well as the total exchangeable mass of U(VI) was determined. Except for one sample, KD values determined by isotopic exchange with U-contaminated sediments that were in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 agreed within a factor of 2 with KD values predicted from a nonelectrostatic surface complexation model (NEM) developed from U(VI) adsorption experiments with uncontaminated sediments. The labile fraction of U(VI) and U extracted by the bicarbonate solution were highly correlated (r2 = 0.997), with a slope of 0.96 ?? 0.01. The proximity of the slope to one suggests that both methods likely access the same reservoir of U(VI) associated with the sediments. The results indicate that the bicarbonate extraction method is useful for estimating the mass of labile U(VI) in sediments that do not contain U(IV). In-situ KD values calculated from the measured labile U(VI) and the dissolved U(VI) in the Naturita alluvial aquifer agreed within a factor of 3 with in-situ K D values predicted with the NEM and groundwater chemistry at each well.

Enhanced control and sensing for the REMOTEC ANDROS Mk VI robot. CRADA final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spelt, P.F.; Harvey, H.W.

1998-08-01

This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc., and REMOTEC, Inc., explored methods of providing operator feedback for various work actions of the ANDROS Mk VI teleoperated robot. In a hazardous environment, an extremely heavy workload seriously degrades the productivity of teleoperated robot operators. This CRADA involved the addition of computer power to the robot along with a variety of sensors and encoders to provide information about the robot`s performance in and relationship to its environment. Software was developed to integrate the sensor and encoder information and provide control input to the robot. ANDROS Mkmore » VI robots are presently used by numerous electric utilities to perform tasks in reactors where substantial exposure to radiation exists, as well as in a variety of other hazardous environments. Further, this platform has potential for use in a number of environmental restoration tasks, such as site survey and detection of hazardous waste materials. The addition of sensors and encoders serves to make the robot easier to manage and permits tasks to be done more safely and inexpensively (due to time saved in the completion of complex remote tasks). Prior research on the automation of mobile platforms with manipulators at Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s Center for Engineering Systems Advanced Research (CESAR, B&R code KC0401030) Laboratory, a BES-supported facility, indicated that this type of enhancement is effective. This CRADA provided such enhancements to a successful working teleoperated robot for the first time. Performance of this CRADA used the CESAR laboratory facilities and expertise developed under BES funding.« less

Are children with low vision adapted to the visual environment in classrooms of mainstream schools?

PubMed Central

Negiloni, Kalpa; Ramani, Krishna Kumar; Jeevitha, R; Kalva, Jayashree; Sudhir, Rachapalle Reddi

2018-01-01

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the classroom environment of children with low vision and provide recommendations to reduce visual stress, with focus on mainstream schooling. Methods: The medical records of 110 children (5–17 years) seen in low vision clinic during 1 year period (2015) at a tertiary care center in south India were extracted. The visual function levels of children were compared to the details of their classroom environment. The study evaluated and recommended the chalkboard visual task size and viewing distance required for children with mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment (VI). Results: The major causes of low vision based on the site of abnormality and etiology were retinal (80%) and hereditary (67%) conditions, respectively, in children with mild (n = 18), moderate (n = 72), and severe (n = 20) VI. Many of the children (72%) had difficulty in viewing chalkboard and common strategies used for better visibility included copying from friends (47%) and going closer to chalkboard (42%). To view the chalkboard with reduced visual stress, a child with mild VI can be seated at a maximum distance of 4.3 m from the chalkboard, with the minimum size of visual task (height of lowercase letter writing on chalkboard) recommended to be 3 cm. For 3/60–6/60 range, the maximum viewing distance with the visual task size of 4 cm is recommended to be 85 cm to 1.7 m. Conclusion: Simple modifications of the visual task size and seating arrangements can aid children with low vision with better visibility of chalkboard and reduced visual stress to manage in mainstream schools. PMID:29380777

Collagen VI Ablation Retards Brain Tumor Progression Due to Deficits in Assembly of the Vascular Basal Lamina

PubMed Central

You, Weon-Kyoo; Bonaldo, Paolo; Stallcup, William B.

2012-01-01

To investigate the importance of the vascular basal lamina in tumor blood vessel morphogenesis and function, we compared vessel development, vessel function, and progression of B16F10 melanoma tumors in the brains of wild-type and collagen VI-null mice. In 7-day tumors in the absence of collagen VI, the width of the vascular basal lamina was reduced twofold. Although the ablation of collagen VI did not alter the abundance of blood vessels, a detailed analysis of the number of either pericytes or endothelial cells (or pericyte coverage of endothelial cells) showed that collagen VI-dependent defects during the assembly of the basal lamina have negative effects on both pericyte maturation and the sprouting and survival of endothelial cells. As a result of these deficits, vessel patency was reduced by 25%, and vessel leakiness was increased threefold, resulting in a 10-fold increase in tumor hypoxia along with a fourfold increase in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression. In 12-day collagen VI-null tumors, vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased throughout the tumor stroma, in contrast to the predominantly vascular pattern of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in wild-type tumors. Vessel size was correspondingly reduced in 12-day collagen VI-null tumors. Overall, these vascular deficits produced a twofold decrease in tumor volume in collagen VI-null mice, confirming that collagen VI-dependent basal lamina assembly is a critical aspect of vessel development. PMID:22200614

The exploration of potassium ferrate(VI) as a disinfectant/coagulant in water and wastewater treatment.

PubMed

Jiang, Jia-Qian; Wang, S; Panagoulopoulos, A

2006-04-01

This paper aims to explore potassium ferrate(VI) (K2FeO4) as an alternative water treatment chemical for both drinking water and wastewater treatment. The performance of potassium ferrate(VI) was evaluated in comparison with that of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and that of NaOCl plus ferric sulphate (FS) or alum (AS). The dosages of ferrate(VI), NaOCl and FS/AS and sample pH values were varied in order to investigate the effects of these factors on the treatment performance. The study demonstrates that in drinking water treatment, ferrate(VI) can remove 10-20% more UV(254)-abs and DOC than FS for the same dose compared for natural pH range (6 and 8). The THMFP was reduced to less than 100 microg l(-1) by ferrate(VI) at a low dose. In addition to this, ferrate(VI) can achieve the disinfection targets (>6 log10 inactivation of Escherichia coliform (E. coli)) at a very low dose (6 mg l(-1) as Fe) and over wide working pH in comparison with chlorination (10 mg l(-1) as Cl2) plus coagulation (FS, 4 mg l(-1) as Fe). In wastewater treatment, ferrate(VI) can reduce 30% more COD, and kill 3log10 more bacteria compared to AS and FS at a similar or even smaller dose. Also, potassium ferrate(VI) can produce less sludge volume and remove more pollutants, which could make sludge treatment easier.

Adsorption and desorption of hexavalent chromium in an alluvial aquifer near Telluride, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stollenwerk, K.G.; Grove, D.B.

1985-01-01

A laboratory investigation of reactions between hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and alluvium was conducted to evaluate reactions of Cr(VI) contaminating an alluvial aquifer near Telluride, CO and to determine the mechanisms responsible for these reactions. Uncontaminated alluvium and groundwater (spiked with CrO42-) from the study site were used in batch and column experiments. Results of these experiments show that Cr(VI) was adsorbed by the alluvium. Distribution coefficients from batch experiments ranged from 52 L/kg at an equilibrium CrO42- concentration of 0.4 ??mol/L to 1.7 L/kg at an equilibrium concentration of 1400 ??mol/L. The zero point of charge for the alluvium was approximately 8.3, and the alluvium had a positive net charge at the groundwater pH of 6.8. Visual and chemical evidence indicated that Fe oxide and hydroxide coatings on the alluvial particles principally were responsible for the absorption of Cr(VI). During column experiments, Cr(VI) initially was desorbed easily from the alluvium by Cr-free groundwater; however, the rate of desorption decreased rapidly, and > 60 pore volumes of groundwater were required to decrease the effluent concentration of Cr(VI) to 3 ??mol/L [drinking water standard for Cr(VI) = 1 ??mol/L]. The quantity of Cr(VI) adsorbed varied with the type and concentration of other anions in solution.

TU-G-BRA-02: Can We Extract Lung Function Directly From 4D-CT Without Deformable Image Registration?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kipritidis, J; Woodruff, H; Counter, W

Purpose: Dynamic CT ventilation imaging (CT-VI) visualizes air volume changes in the lung by evaluating breathing-induced lung motion using deformable image registration (DIR). Dynamic CT-VI could enable functionally adaptive lung cancer radiation therapy, but its sensitivity to DIR parameters poses challenges for validation. We hypothesize that a direct metric using CT parameters derived from Hounsfield units (HU) alone can provide similar ventilation images without DIR. We compare the accuracy of Direct and Dynamic CT-VIs versus positron emission tomography (PET) images of inhaled {sup 68}Ga-labelled nanoparticles (‘Galligas’). Methods: 25 patients with lung cancer underwent Galligas 4D-PET/CT scans prior to radiation therapy.more » For each patient we produced three CT- VIs. (i) Our novel method, Direct CT-VI, models blood-gas exchange as the product of air and tissue density at each lung voxel based on time-averaged 4D-CT HU values. Dynamic CT-VIs were produced by evaluating: (ii) regional HU changes, and (iii) regional volume changes between the exhale and inhale 4D-CT phase images using a validated B-spline DIR method. We assessed the accuracy of each CT-VI by computing the voxel-wise Spearman correlation with free-breathing Galligas PET, and also performed a visual analysis. Results: Surprisingly, Direct CT-VIs exhibited better global correlation with Galligas PET than either of the dynamic CT-VIs. The (mean ± SD) correlations were (0.55 ± 0.16), (0.41 ± 0.22) and (0.29 ± 0.27) for Direct, Dynamic HU-based and Dynamic volume-based CT-VIs respectively. Visual comparison of Direct CT-VI to PET demonstrated similarity for emphysema defects and ventral-to-dorsal gradients, but inability to identify decreased ventilation distal to tumor-obstruction. Conclusion: Our data supports the hypothesis that Direct CT-VIs are as accurate as Dynamic CT-VIs in terms of global correlation with Galligas PET. Visual analysis, however, demonstrated that different CT-VI algorithms might have varying accuracy depending on the underlying cause of ventilation abnormality. This research was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia Fellowship, an Cancer Institute New South Wales Early Career Fellowship 13-ECF-1/15 and NHMRC scholarship APP1038399. No commercial funding was received for this work.« less

Slovenian: Non-Resident Language Refresher Course. 210 Hour Course, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Defense Language Inst., Washington, DC.

Volume 6 of this refresher course, designed for use by United States Armed Forces Intelligence Units, consists of 10 area-background, situation lessons. The primary objectives are to maintain and develop aural comprehension and oral fluency, reading ability, and writing ability in the Slovenian language. Materials presented in the course are…

Beach Profile Analysis Systems (BPAS). Volume VI. BPAS User’s Guide: Analysis Module VOLCTR.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

the two seawardmost points. Before computing volume changes, common bonds are established relative to the landward and seaward extent of the surveys on...bit word size, the FORTRAN- callable sort routine (interfacing with the NOS or NOSME operating system SORTMRG utility), and the utility subroutines and

Lack of collagen VI promotes neurodegeneration by impairing autophagy and inducing apoptosis during aging.

PubMed

Cescon, Matilde; Chen, Peiwen; Castagnaro, Silvia; Gregorio, Ilaria; Bonaldo, Paolo

2016-05-01

Collagen VI is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with a broad distribution in different tissues and mostly deposited at the close periphery of the cell surface. Previous studies revealed that collagen VI protects neurons from the toxicity of amyloid-βpeptides and from UV-induced damage. However, the physiological role of this protein in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown. Here, we established primary neural cultures from murine cortex and hippocampus, and carried out in vitro and in vivo studies in wild-type and collagen VI null (Col6a1-/-) mice. Col6a1-/- neural cultures displayed an increased incidence of spontaneous apoptosis and higher vulnerability to oxidative stress, accompanied by altered regulation of autophagy with increased p62 protein levels and decreased LC3 lipidation. Analysis of brain sections confirmed increased apoptosis and abnormal regulation of autophagy in the CNS of collagen VI-deficient animals. To investigate the in vivo physiological consequences of these CNS defects, we carried out functional studies and found that motor and memory task performances were impaired in aged Col6a1-/-mice. These findings indicate that lack of collagen VI leads to spontaneous apoptosis and defective autophagy in neural cells, and point at a protective role for this ECM protein in the CNS during physiological aging.

Does walking speed mediate the association between visual impairment and self-report of mobility disability? The Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study.

PubMed

Swenor, Bonnielin K; Bandeen-Roche, Karen; Muñoz, Beatriz; West, Sheila K

2014-08-01

To determine whether performance speeds mediate the association between visual impairment and self-reported mobility disability over an 8-year period. Longitudinal analysis. Salisbury, Maryland. Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study participants aged 65 and older (N=2,520). Visual impairment was defined as best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye or visual field less than 20°. Self-reported mobility disability on three tasks was assessed: walking up stairs, walking down stairs, and walking 150 feet. Performance speed on three similar tasks was measured: walking up steps (steps/s), walking down steps (steps/s), and walking 4 m (m/s). For each year of observation, the odds of reporting mobility disability was significantly greater for participants who were visually impaired (VI) than for those who were not (NVI) (odds ratio (OR) difficulty walking up steps=1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.32-1.89; OR difficulty walking down steps=1.90, 95% CI=1.59-2.28; OR difficulty walking 150 feet=2.11, 95% CI=1.77-2.51). Once performance speed on a similar mobility task was included in the models, VI participants were no longer more likely to report mobility disability than those who were NVI (OR difficulty walking up steps=0.84, 95% CI=0.65-1.11; OR difficulty walking down steps=0.96, 95% CI=0.74-1.24; OR difficulty walking 150 feet=1.22, 95% CI=0.98-1.50). Slower performance speed in VI individuals largely accounted for the difference in the odds of reporting mobility disability, suggesting that VI older adults walk slower and are therefore more likely to report mobility disability than those who are NVI. Improving mobility performance in older adults with visual impairment may minimize the perception of mobility disability. © 2014, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2014, The American Geriatrics Society.

Testing a Poisson Counter Model for Visual Identification of Briefly Presented, Mutually Confusable Single Stimuli in Pure Accuracy Tasks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyllingsbaek, Soren; Markussen, Bo; Bundesen, Claus

2012-01-01

The authors propose and test a simple model of the time course of visual identification of briefly presented, mutually confusable single stimuli in pure accuracy tasks. The model implies that during stimulus analysis, tentative categorizations that stimulus i belongs to category j are made at a constant Poisson rate, v(i, j). The analysis is…

Blistering of Graphite/Polymer Composites Galvanically Coupled with Metals in Sea Water

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

pressure Vi = molar volume of species T Yi = activity coefficient for species T (p = electrical potential Using the flux definition, the conservation...at = aJi/ax ...(11) (b) determine the rate of volume increase of water Vw’ cm3 1s in the blister cavity by the following expression: Vw’ = iVw/at = 1a...induced in the polymer and the fiber/matrix interface region due to the above volume change: The volume increase of the fluid in blister given by

40 CFR 270.10 - General application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... sensitive ecological area; (vi) Volume and types of wastes, for example wastes containing highly toxic... sensitive receptors), unique dispersion patterns, etc.; (ii) Identities and quantities of emissions of...

40 CFR 270.10 - General application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... sensitive ecological area; (vi) Volume and types of wastes, for example wastes containing highly toxic... sensitive receptors), unique dispersion patterns, etc.; (ii) Identities and quantities of emissions of...

40 CFR 270.10 - General application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... sensitive ecological area; (vi) Volume and types of wastes, for example wastes containing highly toxic... sensitive receptors), unique dispersion patterns, etc.; (ii) Identities and quantities of emissions of...

Red-edge vegetation indices for detecting and assessing disturbances in Norway spruce dominated mountain forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adamczyk, Joanna; Osberger, Antonia

2015-05-01

Here we propose an approach to enhance the detection and assessment of forest disturbances in mountain areas based on red-edge reflectance. The research addresses the need for improved monitoring of areas included in the European Natura 2000 network. Thirty-eight vegetation indices (VI) are assessed for sensitivity to topographic variations. A separability analysis is performed for the resulting set of ten VI whereby two VI (PSSRc2, SR 800/550) are found most suitable for threshold-based OBIA classification. With a correlation analysis (SRCC) between VI and the training samples we identify Datt4 as suitable to represent the magnitude of forest disturbance. The provided information layers illustrate two combined phenomena that were derived by (1) an OBIA delineation and (2) continuous representation of the magnitude of forest disturbance. The satisfactory accuracy assessment results confirm that the approach is useful for operational tasks in the long-term monitoring of Norway spruce dominated forests in mountainous areas, with regard to forest disturbance.

Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism

PubMed Central

Minshew, Nancy J.; Luna, Beatriz; Sweeney, John A.

2010-01-01

Objective To investigate the functional integrity of cerebellar and frontal system in autism using oculomotor paradigms. Background Cerebellar and neocortical systems models of autism have been proposed. Courchesne and colleagues have argued that cognitive deficits such as shifting attention disturbances result from dysfunction of vermal lobules VI and VII. Such a vermal deficit should be associated with dysmetric saccadic eye movements because of the major role these areas play in guiding the motor precision of saccades. In contrast, neocortical models of autism predict intact saccade metrics, but impairments on tasks requiring the higher cognitive control of saccades. Methods A total of 26 rigorously diagnosed nonmentally retarded autistic subjects and 26 matched healthy control subjects were assessed with a visually guided saccade task and two volitional saccade tasks, the oculomotor delayed-response task and the antisaccade task. Results Metrics and dynamic of the visually guided saccades were normal in autistic subjects, documenting the absence of disturbances in cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII and in automatic shifts of visual attention. Deficits were demonstrated on both volitional saccade tasks, indicating dysfunction in the circuitry of prefrontal cortex and its connections with the parietal cortex, and associated cognitive impairments in spatial working memory and in the ability to voluntarily suppress context-inappropriate responses. Conclusions These findings demonstrate intrinsic neocortical, not cerebellar, dysfunction in autism, and parallel deficits in higher order cognitive mechanisms and not in elementary attentional and sensorimotor systems in autism. PMID:10102406

40 CFR 1065.695 - Data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... restriction. (v) Charge air cooler volume. (vi) Charge air cooler outlet temperature, specified engine.... (iii) “Dry-to-wet” correction. (iv) NMHC, CH4, and contamination correction. (v) NOX humidity...

Volumetric analysis of cerebellum in short-track speed skating players.

PubMed

Park, In Sung; Lee, Nam Joon; Kim, Tae-Young; Park, Jin-Hoon; Won, Yu-Mi; Jung, Yong-Ju; Yoon, Jin-Hwan; Rhyu, Im Joo

2012-12-01

The cerebellum is associated with balance control and coordination, which might be important for gliding on smooth ice at high speeds. A number of case studies have shown that cerebellar damage induces impaired balance and coordination. As a positive model, therefore, we investigated whether plastic changes in the volumes of cerebellar subregions occur in short-track speed skating players who must have extraordinary abilities of balance and coordination, using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging volumetry. The manual tracing was performed and the volumes of cerebellar hemisphere and vermian lobules were compared between short-track speed skating players (n=16) and matched healthy controls (n=18). We found larger right cerebellar hemisphere volume and vermian lobules VI-VII (declive, folium, and tuber) in short-track speed skating players in comparison with the matched controls. The finding suggests that the specialized abilities of balance and coordination are associated with structural plasticity of the right hemisphere of cerebellum and vermian VI-VII and these regions play an essential role in balance and coordination.

Task Descriptions in Diagnostic Radiology. Research Report No. 7. Volume 4, Index of Tasks by Code Number and Extended Name.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilpatrick, Eleanor

The fourth of four volumes in Research Report No. 7 of the Health Services Mobility Study (HSMS), this book contains the extended task names of all the tasks whose descriptions can be found in the three prior volumes. It serves as an index to all the tasks by listing the volume in which each task description appears. Chapter 1 of this volume…

Three Dimensional Imaging of Cold Atoms in a Magneto Optical Trap with a Light Field Microscope

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-14

dimensional (3D) volume of the atoms is reconstructed using a modeled point spread function (PSF), taking into consideration the low magnification (1.25...axis fluorescence image. Optical axis separation between two atom clouds is measured to a 100µm accuracy in a 3mm deep volume , with a 16µm in-focus...79 vi Page 4.5 Phase Term Effects on the 3D Volume

Australian Family Research Conference Proceedings (Canberra, Australia, November 23-25, 1983). Volume VI: Family Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne (Australia).

Family life is the focus of this sixth volume in a series containing the proceedings of the 1983 Australian Family Research Conference. The papers are organized under two major sections: Children and Families and Family Environments. Papers and authors included are: "Family Conflict and Child Competence" (Gay Ochiltree and Paul Amato),…

39 CFR 3010.23 - Calculation of percentage change in rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... rate cell in the class is multiplied by the planned rate for the respective cell and the resulting products are summed. Then, the same set of rate cell volumes are multiplied by the corresponding current..., 2, ..., N) Ri,n = planned rate of rate cell i Ri,c = current rate of rate cell i Vi = volume of rate...

The Command and Control of Communications in Joint and Combined Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-03

war. The Joint Task Force structure is used as the model for command and control relationships . The first part of the thesis assesses the current...Joint Task Force structure is used as the model for conmand and control relationships . The first part of the thesis assesses the current doctrine and...Message Switch Connectivity . . . . . . . 59 10. C4 Architecture Requirements . . . . . . 81 11. Functional Relationships . . . . . . 84 vi LIST OF

Cerebellum engages in automation of verb-generation skill.

PubMed

Yang, Zhi; Wu, Paula; Weng, Xuchu; Bandettini, Peter A

2014-03-01

Numerous studies have shown cerebellar involvement in item-specific association, a form of explicit learning. However, very few have demonstrated cerebellar participation in automation of non-motor cognitive tasks. Applying fMRI to a repeated verb-generation task, we sought to distinguish cerebellar involvement in learning of item-specific noun-verb association and automation of verb generation skill. The same set of nouns was repeated in six verb-generation blocks so that subjects practiced generating verbs for the nouns. The practice was followed by a novel block with a different set of nouns. The cerebellar vermis (IV/V) and the right cerebellar lobule VI showed decreased activation following practice; activation in the right cerebellar Crus I was significantly lower in the novel challenge than in the initial verb-generation task. Furthermore, activation in this region during well-practiced blocks strongly correlated with improvement of behavioral performance in both the well-practiced and the novel blocks, suggesting its role in the learning of general mental skills not specific to the practiced noun-verb pairs. Therefore, the cerebellum processes both explicit verbal associative learning and automation of cognitive tasks. Different cerebellar regions predominate in this processing: lobule VI during the acquisition of item-specific association, and Crus I during automation of verb-generation skills through practice.

Cerebro-cerebellar interactions underlying temporal information processing.

PubMed

Aso, Kenji; Hanakawa, Takashi; Aso, Toshihiko; Fukuyama, Hidenao

2010-12-01

The neural basis of temporal information processing remains unclear, but it is proposed that the cerebellum plays an important role through its internal clock or feed-forward computation functions. In this study, fMRI was used to investigate the brain networks engaged in perceptual and motor aspects of subsecond temporal processing without accompanying coprocessing of spatial information. Direct comparison between perceptual and motor aspects of time processing was made with a categorical-design analysis. The right lateral cerebellum (lobule VI) was active during a time discrimination task, whereas the left cerebellar lobule VI was activated during a timed movement generation task. These findings were consistent with the idea that the cerebellum contributed to subsecond time processing in both perceptual and motor aspects. The feed-forward computational theory of the cerebellum predicted increased cerebro-cerebellar interactions during time information processing. In fact, a psychophysiological interaction analysis identified the supplementary motor and dorsal premotor areas, which had a significant functional connectivity with the right cerebellar region during a time discrimination task and with the left lateral cerebellum during a timed movement generation task. The involvement of cerebro-cerebellar interactions may provide supportive evidence that temporal information processing relies on the simulation of timing information through feed-forward computation in the cerebellum.

Injury Risk Assessment of Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) Phase VI and Series 4000 Gloves During Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Hand Manipulation Tasks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kilby, Melissa

2015-01-01

Functional Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) with high precision gloves are essential for the success of Extravehicular Activity (EVA). Previous research done at NASA has shown that total strength capabilities and performance are reduced when wearing a pressurized EMU. The goal of this project was to characterize the human-space suit glove interaction and assess the risk of injury during common EVA hand manipulation tasks, including pushing, pinching and gripping objects. A custom third generation sensor garment was designed to incorporate a combination of sensors, including force sensitive resistors, strain gauge sensors, and shear force sensors. The combination of sensors was used to measure the forces acting on the finger nails, finger pads, finger tips, as well as the knuckle joints. In addition to measuring the forces, data was collected on the temperature, humidity, skin conductance, and blood perfusion of the hands. Testing compared both the Phase VI and Series 4000 glove against an ungloved condition. The ungloved test was performed wearing the sensor garment only. The project outcomes identified critical landmarks that experienced higher workloads and are more likely to suffer injuries. These critical landmarks varied as a function of space suit glove and task performed. The results showed that less forces were acting on the hands while wearing the Phase VI glove as compared to wearing the Series 4000 glove. Based on our findings, the engineering division can utilize these methods for optimizing the current space suit glove and designing next generation gloves to prevent injuries and optimize hand mobility and comfort.

40 CFR 1065.695 - Data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... restriction. (v) Charge air cooler volume. (vi) Charge air cooler outlet temperature, specified engine... following: (i) Drift correction. (ii) Noise correction. (iii) “Dry-to-wet” correction. (iv) NMHC, CH4, and...

40 CFR 1065.695 - Data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... restriction. (v) Charge air cooler volume. (vi) Charge air cooler outlet temperature, specified engine... following: (i) Drift correction. (ii) Noise correction. (iii) “Dry-to-wet” correction. (iv) NMHC, CH4, and...

40 CFR 1065.695 - Data requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... restriction. (v) Charge air cooler volume. (vi) Charge air cooler outlet temperature, specified engine... following: (i) Drift correction. (ii) Noise correction. (iii) “Dry-to-wet” correction. (iv) NMHC, CH4, and...

KENO-VI Primer: A Primer for Criticality Calculations with SCALE/KENO-VI Using GeeWiz

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowman, Stephen M

2008-09-01

The SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) computer software system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is widely used and accepted around the world for criticality safety analyses. The well-known KENO-VI three-dimensional Monte Carlo criticality computer code is one of the primary criticality safety analysis tools in SCALE. The KENO-VI primer is designed to help a new user understand and use the SCALE/KENO-VI Monte Carlo code for nuclear criticality safety analyses. It assumes that the user has a college education in a technical field. There is no assumption of familiarity with Monte Carlo codes in general or with SCALE/KENO-VImore » in particular. The primer is designed to teach by example, with each example illustrating two or three features of SCALE/KENO-VI that are useful in criticality analyses. The primer is based on SCALE 6, which includes the Graphically Enhanced Editing Wizard (GeeWiz) Windows user interface. Each example uses GeeWiz to provide the framework for preparing input data and viewing output results. Starting with a Quickstart section, the primer gives an overview of the basic requirements for SCALE/KENO-VI input and allows the user to quickly run a simple criticality problem with SCALE/KENO-VI. The sections that follow Quickstart include a list of basic objectives at the beginning that identifies the goal of the section and the individual SCALE/KENO-VI features that are covered in detail in the sample problems in that section. Upon completion of the primer, a new user should be comfortable using GeeWiz to set up criticality problems in SCALE/KENO-VI. The primer provides a starting point for the criticality safety analyst who uses SCALE/KENO-VI. Complete descriptions are provided in the SCALE/KENO-VI manual. Although the primer is self-contained, it is intended as a companion volume to the SCALE/KENO-VI documentation. (The SCALE manual is provided on the SCALE installation DVD.) The primer provides specific examples of using SCALE/KENO-VI for criticality analyses; the SCALE/KENO-VI manual provides information on the use of SCALE/KENO-VI and all its modules. The primer also contains an appendix with sample input files.« less

Synthesis, properties and applications of 2D layered MIIIXVI (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) materials.

PubMed

Xu, Kai; Yin, Lei; Huang, Yun; Shifa, Tofik Ahmed; Chu, Junwei; Wang, Feng; Cheng, Ruiqing; Wang, Zhenxing; He, Jun

2016-09-29

Group III-VI compounds M III X VI (M = Ga, In; X = S, Se, Te) are one class of important 2D layered materials and are currently attracting increasing interest due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties and their great potential applications in various other fields. Similar to 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), M III X VI also have the significant merits of ultrathin thickness, ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio, and high compatibility with flexible devices. More impressively, in contrast with TMDCs, M III X VI demonstrate many superior properties, such as direct band gap electronic structure, high carrier mobility, rare p-type electronic behaviors, high charge density, and so on. These unique characteristics cause high-performance device applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and optics. In this review, we aim to provide a summary of the state-of-the-art of research activities in 2D layered M III X VI materials. The scope of the review covers the synthesis and properties of 2D layered M III X VI materials and their van der Waals heterostructures. We especially focus on the applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, the review concludes with some perspectives on future developments in this field.

Training shortens search times in children with visual impairment accompanied by nystagmus.

PubMed

Huurneman, Bianca; Boonstra, F Nienke

2014-01-01

Perceptual learning (PL) can improve near visual acuity (NVA) in 4-9 year old children with visual impairment (VI). However, the mechanisms underlying improved NVA are unknown. The present study compares feature search and oculomotor measures in 4-9 year old children with VI accompanied by nystagmus (VI+nys [n = 33]) and children with normal vision (NV [n = 29]). Children in the VI+nys group were divided into three training groups: an experimental PL group, a control PL group, and a magnifier group. They were seen before (baseline) and after 6 weeks of training. Children with NV were only seen at baseline. The feature search task entailed finding a target E among distractor E's (pointing right) with element spacing varied in four steps: 0.04°, 0.5°, 1°, and 2°. At baseline, children with VI+nys showed longer search times, shorter fixation durations, and larger saccade amplitudes than children with NV. After training, all training groups showed shorter search times. Only the experimental PL group showed prolonged fixation duration after training at 0.5° and 2° spacing, p's respectively 0.033 and 0.021. Prolonged fixation duration was associated with reduced crowding and improved crowded NVA. One of the mechanisms underlying improved crowded NVA after PL in children with VI+nys seems to be prolonged fixation duration.

High-pressure LOX/hydrocarbon preburners and gas generators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huebner, A. W.

1981-01-01

The objective of the program was to conduct a small scale hardware test program to establish the technology base required for LOX/hydrocarbon preburners and gas generators. The program consisted of six major tasks; Task I reviewed and assessed the performance prediction models and defined a subscale test program. Task II designed and fabricated this subscale hardware. Task III tested and analyzed the data from this hardware. Task IV analyzed the hot fire results and formulated a preliminary design for 40K preburner assemblies. Task V took the preliminary design and detailed and fabricated three 40K size preburner assemblies, one each fuel-rich LOX/CH, and LOX/RP-1 and one oxidizer rich LOX/CH4. Task VI delivered these preburner assemblies to MSFC for subsequent evaluation.

AGARD Flight Test Instrumentation Series. Volume 7. Strain Gauge Measurements on Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-04-01

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF CRY11ERCE Natioal Techaical Infnaitm Soice AD-A026 838 AGARD FLIGHT TEST INSTRUMENTATION SERIES VOLUME 7. STRAIN GUAGE...MEASUREMENTS ON AIRCRAFT ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PREPARED FOR.I NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION APRIL 1976 • • ,. h VI -i• d...INFORMATION DOCUMENT PROCESSING WORKSHEET ,5.RVICE USCOMM-DC 41420.P7I AGARD-AG-160 Volume 7 NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION ADVISORY GROUP FOR AEROSPACE

The Cambridge History of the English Language. Volume VI: English in North America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Algeo, John, Ed.

This book is one volume in a series that examines the history of English. It traces the history of English in North America during the past 400 years, from its British background to its present position among the varieties of English used worldwide. Influences that have formed American English include political, social, and cultural changes in…

Wisconsin Elementary Teacher Education Project. Volume VI, Feasibility Study: Pricing and Economic Analysis Study. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin Univ., Madison.

This document is the second volume of the feasibility study report for the Wisconsin Elementary Teacher Education Project. It provides in part 1 data on program, planning and budgeting, including cost figures for preparing students in the present and new programs, marginal expenses, and costs for implementing the program on other campuses. Part 2…

An experimental and modeling study of grain-scale uranium desorption from field-contaminated sediments and the potential influence of microporosity on mass-transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoliker, D.; Liu, C.; Kent, D. B.; Zachara, J. M.

2012-12-01

The aquifer below the 300-Area of the Hanford site (Richland, WA, USA) is plagued by a persistent plume of dissolved uranium (U(VI)) in excess of the Environmental Protection Agency drinking water maximum contamination level even after the removal of highly contaminated sediments. The aquifer sediments in the seasonally saturated lower vadose zone act as both a source and sink for uranium during stage changes in the nearby Columbia River. Diffusion limitation of uranium mass-transfer within these sediments has been cited as a potential cause of the plume's persistence. Equilibrium U(VI) sorption is a strong function of variable chemical conditions, especially carbonate, hydrogen, and uranyl ion activities. Field-contaminated sediments from the site require up to 1,000 hours to reach equilibrium in static batch reactors. Increases in U(VI) concentrations over longer time-scales result from changes in chemical conditions, which drive reactions with sediments that favor U(VI) desorption. Grain-scale U(VI) sorption/desorption rates are slow, likely owing to diffusion of U(VI) and other solutes through intra-granular pore domains. In order to improve understanding of the impact of intra-granular diffusion and chemical reactions controlling grain-scale U(VI) release, experiments were conducted on individual particle size fractions of a <8 mm composite of field-contaminated, lower vadose zone sediments. For each size fraction, equilibrium U(VI) sorption/desorption in static batch reactors was well-described by surface complexation models over a range of chemical conditions applicable to the field site. Desorption rates from individual size fractions in flow-through batch reactors, examined under a single set of constant chemical conditions with multiple stop-flow events, were similar for all size fractions <2 mm. Kinetic U(VI) desorption in flow-through batch reactors was modeled using a multi-rate surface complexation approach, where sorption/desorption rates were assumed to be proportional to the displacement from equilibrium and multiple diffusion domains were described with a two-parameter lognormal distribution of mass-transfer rate coefficients. Parameters describing mass transfer were the same for all size fractions <2 mm but differed for the largest (2-8 mm) size fraction. The evolution of pH, along with dissolved cation and carbonate concentrations, was modeled using equilibrium cation exchange, rate-limited calcite dissolution, aerobic respiration, and silica dissolution. Desorption and chemical reaction models calibrated with individual size fractions predicted U(VI) and chemical composition as a function of time for the bulk sediment sample. Volumes of pores less than 2.4 nm, quantified using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, were the same for all size fractions < 2 mm, nearly double that of the 2-8 mm size fraction. Similarity in the observed pore volumes and multi-rate mass-transfer parameters across all size fractions <2 mm suggest the importance of pores in this size class in controlling slow grain-scale U(VI) desorption rates. Models like these provide a means for testing the influence of grain-scale mass-transfer on the persistence of U(VI) plume at the site.

Sonographic Features of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis and the Impacts From the Levothyroxine With Prednisone Therapy.

PubMed

Lyu, Guo-Rong; Zheng, Wei-Kun; Lin, Wan-Ling; Zheng, Li-Ping; Guo, Hai-Xin; Li, Li-Ya

2017-11-06

This study aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic pattern of cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) and whether levothyroxine with prednisone therapy is effective for lymphadenopathy in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). This retrospective study was looking at patients with confirmed diagnosis of HT who underwent comprehensive neck ultrasound examination. We reviewed sonographic findings in 127 patients with HT, 234 euthyroid patients with goiter, and 122 healthy subjects. In addition, 30 untreated HT patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were recruited for the levothyroxine with prednisone therapy. We rescanned the patients 9 months after treatment with levothyroxine and prednisone. Patients with HT had a higher rate of CLN detection on ultrasound than euthyroid patients with goiter and healthy subjects at cervical levels III, IV, and VI (P < 0.01). In addition, patients with HT had a higher rate of detection of CLNs with abnormal sonographic features than the other 2 groups, most notably at cervical levels III, IV, and VI (P < 0.01). After the treatment, the mean thyroid volume, thyroid nodule volume, CLN volume, symptom score, and cosmetic grade of 30 HT patients were remarkably decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001). Hashimoto thyroiditis seems to be associated with an increased rate of detection of CLNs with abnormal sonographic features, particularly at cervical levels III, IV, and VI. Therapy with levothyroxine with prednisone is effective for cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with HT.

Microfabricated gas chromatograph for on-site determinations of TCE in indoor air arising from vapor intrusion. 2. Spatial/temporal monitoring.

PubMed

Kim, Sun Kyu; Burris, David R; Bryant-Genevier, Jonathan; Gorder, Kyle A; Dettenmaier, Erik M; Zellers, Edward T

2012-06-05

We demonstrate the use of two prototype Si-microfabricated gas chromatographs (μGC) for continuous, short-term measurements of indoor trichloroethylene (TCE) vapor concentrations related to the investigation of TCE vapor intrusion (VI) in two houses. In the first house, with documented TCE VI, temporal variations in TCE air concentrations were monitored continuously for up to 48 h near the primary VI entry location under different levels of induced differential pressure (relative to the subslab). Concentrations ranged from 0.23 to 27 ppb by volume (1.2-150 μg/m(3)), and concentration trends agreed closely with those determined from concurrent reference samples. The sensitivity and temporal resolution of the measurements were sufficiently high to detect transient fluctuations in concentration resulting from short-term changes in variables affecting the extent of VI. Spatial monitoring showed a decreasing TCE concentration gradient with increasing distance from the primary VI entry location. In the second house, with no TCE VI, spatial profiles derived from the μGC prototype data revealed an intentionally hidden source of TCE within a closet, demonstrating the capability for locating non-VI sources. Concentrations measured in this house ranged from 0.51 to 56 ppb (2.7-300 μg/m(3)), in good agreement with reference method values. This first field demonstration of μGC technology for automated, near-real-time, selective VOC monitoring at low- or subppb levels augurs well for its use in short- and long-term on-site analysis of indoor air in support of VI assessments.

What Do Eye Gaze Metrics Tell Us about Motor Imagery?

PubMed

Poiroux, Elodie; Cavaro-Ménard, Christine; Leruez, Stéphanie; Lemée, Jean Michel; Richard, Isabelle; Dinomais, Mickael

2015-01-01

Many of the brain structures involved in performing real movements also have increased activity during imagined movements or during motor observation, and this could be the neural substrate underlying the effects of motor imagery in motor learning or motor rehabilitation. In the absence of any objective physiological method of measurement, it is currently impossible to be sure that the patient is indeed performing the task as instructed. Eye gaze recording during a motor imagery task could be a possible way to "spy" on the activity an individual is really engaged in. The aim of the present study was to compare the pattern of eye movement metrics during motor observation, visual and kinesthetic motor imagery (VI, KI), target fixation, and mental calculation. Twenty-two healthy subjects (16 females and 6 males), were required to perform tests in five conditions using imagery in the Box and Block Test tasks following the procedure described by Liepert et al. Eye movements were analysed by a non-invasive oculometric measure (SMI RED250 system). Two parameters describing gaze pattern were calculated: the index of ocular mobility (saccade duration over saccade + fixation duration) and the number of midline crossings (i.e. the number of times the subjects gaze crossed the midline of the screen when performing the different tasks). Both parameters were significantly different between visual imagery and kinesthesic imagery, visual imagery and mental calculation, and visual imagery and target fixation. For the first time we were able to show that eye movement patterns are different during VI and KI tasks. Our results suggest gaze metric parameters could be used as an objective unobtrusive approach to assess engagement in a motor imagery task. Further studies should define how oculomotor parameters could be used as an indicator of the rehabilitation task a patient is engaged in.

Characterizing particle-scale equilibrium adsorption and kinetics of uranium(VI) desorption from U-contaminated sediments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stoliker, Deborah L.; Liu, Chongxuan; Kent, Douglas B.; Zachara, John M.

2013-01-01

Rates of U(VI) release from individual dry-sieved size fractions of a field-aggregated, field-contaminated composite sediment from the seasonally saturated lower vadose zone of the Hanford 300-Area were examined in flow-through reactors to maintain quasi-constant chemical conditions. The principal source of variability in equilibrium U(VI) adsorption properties of the various size fractions was the impact of variable chemistry on adsorption. This source of variability was represented using surface complexation models (SCMs) with different stoichiometric coefficients with respect to hydrogen ion and carbonate concentrations for the different size fractions. A reactive transport model incorporating equilibrium expressions for cation exchange and calcite dissolution, along with rate expressions for aerobic respiration and silica dissolution, described the temporal evolution of solute concentrations observed during the flow-through reactor experiments. Kinetic U(VI) desorption was well described using a multirate SCM with an assumed lognormal distribution for the mass-transfer rate coefficients. The estimated mean and standard deviation of the rate coefficients were the same for all <2 mm size fractions but differed for the 2–8 mm size fraction. Micropore volumes, assessed using t-plots to analyze N2 desorption data, were also the same for all dry-sieved <2 mm size fractions, indicating a link between micropore volumes and mass-transfer rate properties. Pore volumes for dry-sieved size fractions exceeded values for the corresponding wet-sieved fractions. We hypothesize that repeated field wetting and drying cycles lead to the formation of aggregates and/or coatings containing (micro)pore networks which provided an additional mass-transfer resistance over that associated with individual particles. The 2–8 mm fraction exhibited a larger average and standard deviation in the distribution of mass-transfer rate coefficients, possibly caused by the abundance of microporous basaltic rock fragments.

Biomarkers of oxidative stress in electroplating workers exposed to hexavalent chromium.

PubMed

Pan, Chih-Hong; Jeng, Hueiwang Anna; Lai, Ching-Huang

2018-01-01

This study evaluates levels of biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in 105 male workers at 16 electroplating companies who had been exposed to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The study participants were 230 non-smoking male workers, comprising 105 electroplating workers who had been exposed to chromium and 125 control subjects who performed office tasks. Personal air samples, spot urine samples, hair samples, fingernail samples and questionnaires were used to quantify exposure to Cr(VI), oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and environmental pollutants. Both the geometric mean personal concentrations of Cr(VI) of the Cr-exposed workers and the total Cr concentrations in the air to which they were exposed significantly exceeded those for the control subjects. The geometric mean concentrations of Cr in urine, hair and fingernails, and the urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the Cr(VI) exposed workers exceeded those in the control subjects. Daily cumulative Cr(VI) exposure and urinary Cr were significantly correlated with urinary 8-OHdG levels following adjustments for covariates. A ten-fold increase in urinary Cr level was associated with a 1.73-fold increase in urinary 8-OHdG level. Daily cumulative Cr(VI) exposure and urinary Cr level were significantly correlated with urinary MDA level following adjustments for covariates. A ten-fold increase in urinary Cr was associated with a 1.45-fold increase in urinary MDA. Exposure to Cr(VI) increased oxidative DNA injury and the oxidative deterioration of lipids in electroplating workers.

Conceptual Design of a Space-Based Multimegawatt MHD Power System, Task 1 Topical Report; Volume 1: Technical Discussion

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

system requirements, design guidelines, and interface requirements has been prepared and included as Volume II of this Task 1 topical report. The Volume ...WAESD-TR-88-0002 Conceptual Design Of A Space-Based Multimegawatt MHD Power System ffA«kjjjjjTfc Task 1 Topical Report Volume I: Technical...Space-Based Multimegawatt MHD Power System: Task 1 Topical Report, Volume I: Technical Discussion Personal Author: Dana, RA. Corporate Author Or

A procedure for quantitation of total oxidized uranium for bioremediation studies

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Dwayne A.; Senko, John M.; Krumholz, Lee R.

2003-01-01

A procedure was developed for the quantitation of complexed U(VI) during studies on U(VI) bioremediation. These studies typically involve conversion of soluble or complexed U(VI) (oxidized) to U(IV) (the reduced form which is much less soluble). Since U(VI) freely exchanges between material adsorbed to the solid phase and the dissolved phase, uranium bioremediation experiments require a mass balance of U in both its soluble and adsorbed forms as well as in the reduced sediment bound phase. We set out to optimize a procedure for extraction and quantitation of sediment bound U(VI). Various extractant volumes to sediment ratios were tested and it was found that between 1:1 to 8:1 ratios (v/w) there was a steady increase in U(VI) recovered, but no change with further increases in v/w ratio.Various strengths of NaHCO3, Na-EDTA, and Na-citrate were used to evaluate complexed U(VI) recovery, while the efficiency of a single versus repeated extraction steps was compared with synthesized uranyl-phosphate and uranyl-hydroxide. Total recovery with 1 M NaHCO3 was 95.7% and 97.9% from uranyl-phosphate and uranyl-hydroxide, respectively, compared to 80.7% and 89.9% using 450 mM NaHCO3. Performing the procedure once yielded an efficiency of 81.1% and 92.3% for uranyl-phosphate and uranyl-hydroxide, respectively, as compared to three times. All other extractants yielded 7.9–82.0% in both experiments.

Stimulus responsive hydrogel-coated etched fiber Bragg grating for carcinogenic chromium (VI) sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kishore, Pabbisetti Vayu Nandana; Madhuvarasu, Sai Shankar; Moru, Satyanarayana

2018-01-01

This paper proposes a chemo-mechanical-optical sensing approach for the detection of carcinogenic chromium (VI) metal ion using an etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) coated with stimulus responsive hydrogel. Hydrogel synthesized from the blends of (3-acrylamidopropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride, which is highly responsive to chromium ions suffers a volume change when placed in Cr solution. When the proposed sensor system is exposed to various concentrations of Cr (VI) ion solution, FBG peak shifts due to the mechanical strain induced by the swelling of the hydrogel. The peak shift is correlated with the concentration of the Cr (VI) metal ion. Due to the reduction in the cladding diameter of FBG, wastage of swelling force due to hydrogel on FBG is lowered and utilized for more wavelength peak shift of FBG resulting in the increase in the sensitivity. The resolution of the sensor system is found to be 0.072 ppb. Trace amounts of chromium (VI) ion as low as 10 ppb can be sensed by this method. The sensor has shown good sensitivity, selectivity, and repeatability. The salient features of the sensors are its compact size, light weight, and adoptability for remote monitoring.

Ultratrace Determination of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) by Microsample Injection System Flame Atomic Spectroscopy in Drinking Water and Treated and Untreated Industrial Effluents

PubMed Central

Baig, Jameel Ahmed; Kazi, Tasneem Gul; Elci, Latif; Afridi, Hassan Imran; Khan, Muhammad Irfan; Naseer, Hafiz Muhammad

2013-01-01

Simple and robust analytical procedures were developed for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and lead (Pb(II)) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) using microsample injection system coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (MIS-FAAS). For the current study, ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), carbon tetrachloride, and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent, and disperser solvent, respectively. The effective variables of developed method have been optimized and studied in detail. The limit of detection of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) were 0.037 and 0.054 µg/L, respectively. The enrichment factors in both cases were 400 with 40 mL of initial volumes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 6) were <4%. The applicability and the accuracy of DLLME were estimated by the analysis of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) in industrial effluent wastewater by standard addition method (recoveries >96%). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) at ultratrace levels in natural drinking water and industrial effluents wastewater of Denizli. Moreover, the proposed method was compared with the literature reported method. PMID:24163779

The combination of fluticasone furoate and vilanterol trifenatate in the management of asthma: clinical trial evidence and experience

PubMed Central

Albertson, Timothy E.; Richards, John R.; Zeki, Amir A.

2015-01-01

The treatment of persistent asthma has been aided by the recent approval of new medications. The combined inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) powder inhaler fluticasone furoate (FF)/vilanterol trifenatate (VI) is one of these new agents, which was recently approved as a maintenance therapy for persistent asthma. This once-daily ICS/LABA inhaler has previously been approved and used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as a maintenance therapy. Both FF and VI individually have been shown to have efficacy in the treatment of persistent asthma; the combination of FF/VI at the dose of 100/25 μg daily improves trough peak expiratory flows and forced expiratory volume in 1 s. It also reduces the frequency of asthma exacerbations in patients with persistent asthma. The once-daily dosing is well tolerated, with limited clinically significant adverse events; the once-daily inhaled dosing regimen should also improve medication adherence. The data supporting the use of the FF/VI inhaler in persistent asthma are reviewed. The dry powder inhaler of FF/VI (100/25 μg) is an effective and well tolerated once-daily maintenance treatment for patients with persistent asthma. PMID:26668137

[Grain Size Distribution Characteristics of Suspended Particulate Matter as Influenced by the Apparent Pollution in the Eutrophic Urban Landscape Water Body].

PubMed

Gong, Dan-yan; Pan, Yang; Huang, Yong; Bao, Wei; Li, Qian-qian

2016-03-15

Grain size distribution characteristics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) reflects the apparent polluted condition of the urban landscape water. In order to explore the internal relationship between the eutrophication of urban landscape water's apparent pollution and grain size distribution of SPM, and its influencing factors, this paper selected five representative sampling sites in Feng Jin River which is a typical eutrophication river in Suzhou City, measured the grain size distribution of SPM, sensation pollution index (SPI) and water quality index, and analyzed their correlation. The results showed that: The rich nutrient water possessed a similar characteristics in grain size distribution. The grain size distribution of SPM in water was multimodal, and the the peak position was roughly the same; the grain size distribution of SPM was composed by multiple components. It could be roughly divided into six parts with the particle size range of every group being < 1.5 µm, 1.5-8 µm, 8-35 µm, 35-186 µm, 186-516 µm, > 516 µm. The component III was superior (with an average volume fraction of 38.3%-43.2%), and its volume fraction had a significant positive relation with the SPI value and the Chl-a content. The increase of component III volume fraction was the reflection of particle size's result of increasing SPI value. The increase of component III volume fraction was mainly derived from the increasing algal content. The volume fraction of group IV + group VI + group V was significantly higher under the condition of exogenous enter. When there was no exogenous component, the volume fraction of group IV + group VI + group V had a significant negative correlation with SPI value; when there were exogenous components, the volume fraction of group IV + group VI + group V had a weak positive correlation with SPI value, but the correlation did not reach a significant level. Environmental factors (Fv/Fm and DO) and exogenous factors had an influence by functioning on the algal content which signified the polluted material, and then affected the volume fraction of particle size's components and the quality of apparent water. Hydrodynamic conditions mainly had a certain influence on the median particle size, and had no effect on the apparent polluted condition of water.

Cumulative Reactant Species Index for Volumes I-V of the Compilation of Data Relevant to Gas Lasers. Volume VI.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

of R for the electronic states 60 Transition moments for the ionic-covalent transitions 94, 104 , 108, 115 Transition moments (22H-- 12) 96 Transition...DeLeuil 1 -RHS, Dr. Honeycutt 1 Mr. Cason 1 - RHB , Dr. Roberts (Additional Distribution) 485 -RA I -RPR 3 -RPT (Record Set) I (Reference Copy) I 2541

Regional Patterns of Ethnicity in Nova Scotia: A Geographical Study. Ethnic Heritage Series, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Millward, Hugh A.

In this sixth volume of the Ethnic Heritage Series, the pattern of ethnicity in Nova Scotia (Canada) is examined by deriving indices of diversity for counties and larger towns. The historical development of ethnic patterns from 1767 to 1971 and recent changes in the ethnic pattern are discussed. Ethnic origin data is mapped for 1871 and 1971 and…

Is Blood Eosinophil Count a Predictor of Response to Bronchodilators in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Results from Post Hoc Subgroup Analyses.

PubMed

Iqbal, Ahmar; Barnes, Neil C; Brooks, Jean

2015-10-01

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with blood eosinophil (EOS) count ≥ 2% benefit from exacerbation reductions with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). We conducted post hoc analyses to determine if EOS count ≥ 2% is a marker for greater responsiveness to the bronchodilators umeclidinium (UMEC; long-acting muscarinic antagonist), vilanterol (VI; long-acting β2-agonist) or UMEC/VI combination. Effects of once-daily UMEC/VI 62.5/25, UMEC 62.5 and VI 25 µg versus placebo on trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Transition Dyspnoea Index (TDI), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and adverse event (AE) incidences in four completed, 6-month studies were assessed by EOS subgroup. Trough FEV1 was also evaluated by ICS use and EOS subgroup. Analyses were performed using a repeated measures model. At baseline, 2437 of 4647 (52%) patients had EOS count ≥ 2%. Overall, ≈ 50% of patients used ICSs. At day 169, no notable variations were observed in trough FEV1 least squares mean differences between EOS subgroups versus placebo for UMEC/VI, UMEC and VI; results according to ICS use were similar. No differences were reported between EOS subgroups in TDI and SGRQ scores on day 168, or for incidences of AEs, serious AEs and AEs leading to withdrawal. Response to UMEC/VI, UMEC and VI in terms of trough FEV1, dyspnoea and health-related quality of life was similar for COPD patients with baseline EOS counts ≥ 2 or <2%. EOS count did not appear to predict bronchodilator response in either ICS users or non-users.

75 FR 71135 - Notice of Meeting; Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-22

... Welcome II. Chairman's Report III. Executive Director's Report IV. Native American Activities A. Native American Program Report 1. HUD Delegation of Tribal Consultation Responsibilities 2. DOI-DoD-ACHP.... Strategic Planning: Next Steps VI. Sustainability and Historic Preservation Task Force VII. Preservation...

Prevention of clinically important deteriorations in COPD with umeclidinium/vilanterol.

PubMed

Singh, Dave; Maleki-Yazdi, M Reza; Tombs, Lee; Iqbal, Ahmar; Fahy, William A; Naya, Ian

2016-01-01

Minimizing the risk of disease progression and exacerbations is the key goal of COPD management, as these are well-established indicators of poor COPD prognosis. We developed a novel composite end point assessing three important aspects (lung function, health status, and exacerbations) of worsening in COPD. The objective was to determine whether dual bronchodilation with umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) reduces clinically important deteriorations (CIDs) in COPD versus placebo or bronchodilator monotherapy. This study is a post hoc analysis of two 24-week trials comparing UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg with UMEC 62.5 µg, VI 25 µg, or placebo (Study A; NCT01313650), or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg with tiotropium (TIO) 18 µg (Study B; NCT01777334) in patients with symptomatic COPD, without a history of frequent exacerbations. Deterioration was assessed as the time to a first CID, a composite measure defined as a decrease of ≥100 mL in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second or ≥4-unit increase in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score or an on-treatment moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbation. In Study A, fewer patients experienced a first CID with UMEC/VI (44%) versus UMEC (50%), VI (56%), and placebo (75%). The risk of a first CID was reduced with UMEC/VI (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.37 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.30, 0.45]), UMEC (HR: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.38, 0.56]), and VI (HR: 0.55 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.66]; all P<0.001) versus placebo, and with UMEC/VI versus UMEC (HR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.97]; P<0.05) and versus VI (HR: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.55, 0.81]; P<0.001). In Study B, fewer patients experienced a first CID with UMEC/VI (41%) versus TIO (59%). UMEC/VI reduced the risk of a first composite CID by 43% versus TIO (HR: 0.57 [95% CI: 0.47, 0.69]; P<0.001). This exploratory analysis, using a new assessment of clinical deterioration in COPD, revealed that a majority of symptomatic patients with low exacerbation risk experienced a deterioration during the 24-week study periods. UMEC/VI reduces the risk of a first CID versus placebo or bronchodilator monotherapy.

Prevention of clinically important deteriorations in COPD with umeclidinium/vilanterol

PubMed Central

Singh, Dave; Maleki-Yazdi, M Reza; Tombs, Lee; Iqbal, Ahmar; Fahy, William A; Naya, Ian

2016-01-01

Background Minimizing the risk of disease progression and exacerbations is the key goal of COPD management, as these are well-established indicators of poor COPD prognosis. We developed a novel composite end point assessing three important aspects (lung function, health status, and exacerbations) of worsening in COPD. The objective was to determine whether dual bronchodilation with umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) reduces clinically important deteriorations (CIDs) in COPD versus placebo or bronchodilator monotherapy. Methods This study is a post hoc analysis of two 24-week trials comparing UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg with UMEC 62.5 µg, VI 25 µg, or placebo (Study A; NCT01313650), or UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg with tiotropium (TIO) 18 µg (Study B; NCT01777334) in patients with symptomatic COPD, without a history of frequent exacerbations. Deterioration was assessed as the time to a first CID, a composite measure defined as a decrease of ≥100 mL in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second or ≥4-unit increase in St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score or an on-treatment moderate-to-severe COPD exacerbation. Results In Study A, fewer patients experienced a first CID with UMEC/VI (44%) versus UMEC (50%), VI (56%), and placebo (75%). The risk of a first CID was reduced with UMEC/VI (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.37 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.30, 0.45]), UMEC (HR: 0.46 [95% CI: 0.38, 0.56]), and VI (HR: 0.55 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.66]; all P<0.001) versus placebo, and with UMEC/VI versus UMEC (HR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.65, 0.97]; P<0.05) and versus VI (HR: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.55, 0.81]; P<0.001). In Study B, fewer patients experienced a first CID with UMEC/VI (41%) versus TIO (59%). UMEC/VI reduced the risk of a first composite CID by 43% versus TIO (HR: 0.57 [95% CI: 0.47, 0.69]; P<0.001). Conclusion This exploratory analysis, using a new assessment of clinical deterioration in COPD, revealed that a majority of symptomatic patients with low exacerbation risk experienced a deterioration during the 24-week study periods. UMEC/VI reduces the risk of a first CID versus placebo or bronchodilator monotherapy. PMID:27445468

Soft-tissue tumor differentiation using 3D power Doppler ultrasonography with echo-contrast medium injection.

PubMed

Chiou, Hong-Jen; Chou, Yi-Hong; Chen, Wei-Ming; Chen, Winby; Wang, Hsin-Kai; Chang, Cheng-Yen

2010-12-01

We aimed to evaluate the ability of 3-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography to differentiate soft-tissue masses from blood flow and vascularization with contrast medium. Twenty-five patients (mean age, 44.1 years; range, 12-77 years) with a palpable mass were enrolled in this study. Volume data were acquired using linear and convex 3-dimensional probes and contrast medium injected manually by bolus. Data were stored and traced slice by slice for 12 slices. All patients were scanned by the same senior sonologist. The vascular index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascular-flow index (VFI) were automatically calculated after the tumor was completely traced. All tumors were later confirmed by pathology. The study included 8 benign (mean, 36.5 mL; range, 2.4-124 mL) and 17 malignant (mean, 319.4 mL; range, 9.9-1,179.6 mL) tumors. Before contrast medium injection, mean VI, FI and VFI were, respectively, 3.22, 32.26 and 1.07 in benign tumors, and 1.97, 29.33 and 0.67 in malignant tumors. After contrast medium injection, they were, respectively, 20.85, 37.33 and 8.52 in benign tumors, and 40.12, 41.21 and 17.77 in malignant tumors. The mean differences between with and without contrast injection for VI, FI and VFI were, respectively, 17.63, 5.07 and 7.45 in benign tumors, and 38.15, 11.88 and 16.55 in malignant tumors. Tumor volume, VI, FI and VFI were not significantly different between benign and malignant tumors before and after echo-contrast medium injection. However, VI, FI and VFI under self-differentiation (differences between with and without contrast injection) were significantly different between malignant and benign tumors. Three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound is a valuable tool for differential diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors, especially with the injection of an echo-contrast medium. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tree Sampling as a Method to Assess Vapor Intrusion Potential at a Site Characterized by VOC-Contaminated Groundwater and Soil.

PubMed

Wilson, Jordan L; Limmer, Matthew A; Samaranayake, V A; Schumacher, John G; Burken, Joel G

2017-09-19

Vapor intrusion (VI) by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the built environment presents a threat to human health. Traditional VI assessments are often time-, cost-, and labor-intensive; whereas traditional subsurface methods sample a relatively small volume in the subsurface and are difficult to collect within and near structures. Trees could provide a similar subsurface sample where roots act as the "sampler' and are already onsite. Regression models were developed to assess the relation between PCE concentrations in over 500 tree-core samples with PCE concentrations in over 50 groundwater and 1000 soil samples collected from a tetrachloroethylene- (PCE-) contaminated Superfund site and analyzed using gas chromatography. Results indicate that in planta concentrations are significantly and positively related to PCE concentrations in groundwater samples collected at depths less than 20 m (adjusted R 2 values greater than 0.80) and in soil samples (adjusted R 2 values greater than 0.90). Results indicate that a 30 cm diameter tree characterizes soil concentrations at depths less than 6 m over an area of 700-1600 m 2 , the volume of a typical basement. These findings indicate that tree sampling may be an appropriate method to detect contamination at shallow depths at sites with VI.

Tree sampling as a method to assess vapor intrusion potential at a site characterized by VOC-contaminated groundwater and soil

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, Jordan L.; Limmer, Matthew A.; Samaranayake, V. A.; Schumacher, John G.; Burken, Joel G.

2017-01-01

Vapor intrusion (VI) by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the built environment presents a threat to human health. Traditional VI assessments are often time-, cost-, and labor-intensive; whereas traditional subsurface methods sample a relatively small volume in the subsurface and are difficult to collect within and near structures. Trees could provide a similar subsurface sample where roots act as the “sampler’ and are already onsite. Regression models were developed to assess the relation between PCE concentrations in over 500 tree-core samples with PCE concentrations in over 50 groundwater and 1000 soil samples collected from a tetrachloroethylene- (PCE-) contaminated Superfund site and analyzed using gas chromatography. Results indicate that in planta concentrations are significantly and positively related to PCE concentrations in groundwater samples collected at depths less than 20 m (adjusted R2 values greater than 0.80) and in soil samples (adjusted R2 values greater than 0.90). Results indicate that a 30 cm diameter tree characterizes soil concentrations at depths less than 6 m over an area of 700–1600 m2, the volume of a typical basement. These findings indicate that tree sampling may be an appropriate method to detect contamination at shallow depths at sites with VI.

Portable air pollution control equipment for the control of toxic particulate emissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chaurushia, A.; Odabashian, S.; Busch, E.

1997-12-31

Chromium VI (Cr VI) has been identified by the environmental regulatory agencies as a potent carcinogen among eleven heavy metals. A threshold level of 0.0001 lb/year for Cr VI emissions has been established by the California Air Resources Board for reporting under Assembly Bill 2588. A need for an innovative control technology to reduce fugitive emissions of Cr VI was identified during the Air Toxic Emissions Reduction Program at Northrop Grumman Military Aircraft Systems Division (NGMASD). NGMASD operates an aircraft assembly facility in El Segundo, CA. Nearly all of the aircraft components are coated with a protective coating (primer) priormore » to assembly. The primer has Cr VI as a component for its excellent corrosion resistance property. The complex assembly process requires fasteners which also need primer coating. Therefore, NGMASD utilizes High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) guns for the touch-up spray coating operations. During the touch-up spray coating operations, Cr VI particles are atomized and transferred to the aircraft surface. The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) has determined that the HVLP gun transfers 65% of the paint particles onto the substrate and the remaining 35% are emitted as an overspray if air pollution controls are not applied. NGMASD has developed the Portable Air Pollution Control Equipment (PAPCE) to capture and control the overspray in order to reduce fugitive Cr VI emissions from the touch-up spray coating operations. A source test was performed per SCAQMD guidelines and the final report has been approved by the SCAQMD.« less

Literature Review of Low Impact Development for Stormwater Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-30

appropriate LID technology can be selected to capture the targeted vi metal pollutant. Little information exists on the effects of field variables such as...loading rates and volume, temperature , climate, pH, sediments, organics, and maintenance cycles on systems in the field. 4. The amount of research...maximum extent technically feasible, the pre-development hydrology of the property with regard to the temperature , rate, volume, and duration of flow

Tolerance and bioaccumulation of U(VI) by Bacillus mojavensis and its solid phase preconcentration by Bacillus mojavensis immobilized multiwalled carbon nanotube.

PubMed

Özdemir, Sadin; Oduncu, M Kadir; Kilinc, Ersin; Soylak, Mustafa

2017-02-01

In this study, uranium(VI) tolerance and bioaccumulation were investigated by using thermo -tolerant Bacillus mojavensis. The level of U(VI) was measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of U(VI) was experimented. Bacterial growth was not affected in the presence of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/L U(VI) at 36 h and the growth was partially affected in the presence of 5 mg/L U(VI) at 24 h. What was obtained from this study is that there was diversity in the various periods of the growth phases of metal bioaccumulation capacity, which was shown by B. mojavensis. The maximum bioaccumulation capacities were found to be 12.8, 22.7, and 48.2 mg/g dried bacteria, at 24th hours at concentration of 1.0, 2.5 and 5 mg/L U(VI), respectively. In addition to these, U(VI) has been preconcentrated on B. mojavensis immobilized MWCNT. Several factors such as pH, flow rate of solution, amount of biosorbent and support materials, eluent type, concentration and volume, the matrix interference effect on retention have been studied, and extraction conditions were optimized. Preconcentration factor was achieved as 60. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 0.74 and 2.47 μg/L. The biosorption capacity of immobilized B. mojavensis was calculated for U(VI) as 25.8 mg/g. The results demonstrated that the immobilized biosorbent column could be reused at least 30 cycles of biosorption and desorption with the higher than 95% recovery. FT-IR and SEM analysis were performed to understand the surface properties of B. mojavensis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vivo determination of steric and electrostatic exclusion of albumin in rat skin and skeletal muscle

PubMed Central

Gyenge, Christina C; Tenstad, Olav; Wiig, Helge

2003-01-01

In order to estimate the magnitude of electrostatic exclusion provided by the fixed negative charges of the skin and muscle interstitia of rat in vivo we measured the distribution volumes of two differently charged albumin probes within these tissues. An implanted osmotic pump was used to reach and maintain a steady-state extracellular concentration of a mixture containing two iodine-labelled probes: a charged-modified human serum albumin, cHSA (i.e. a positive probe, isoelectirc point (pI) = 7.6) and a native human serum albumin, HSA (i.e. a normally charged, negative probe, pI = 5.0). Steady-state tissue concentrations were achieved after intravenous infusion of probes for 5–7 days. At the end of this period the animals were nephrectomized and a bolus of 51Cr-EDTA was administered for estimating the extracellular volume. Plasma volumes were measured as 5-min distribution volume of 125I-HSA in separate experiments. The steady-state interstitial fluid concentrations of all probes were determined using nylon wicks implanted postmortem. Calculations of labelled probes were made for interstitial fluid volumes (Vi), extravascular albumin distribution volumes (Vav,a) and relative interstitial excluded volume fractions (Vex,a/Vi). We found that the positive probe is excluded from a significantly smaller fraction of the interstitium. Specifically, the average relative albumin exclusion fractions obtained were: 16% and 26% in skeletal muscle and 30% and 40% in skin, for cHSA and HSA, respectively. On average, the fixed negative charges of the interstitium are responsible for about 40% of the total albumin exclusion in skeletal muscle and 25% in the whole skin tissue and thus, contribute significantly to volume exclusion in these tissues. PMID:12937287

In vivo determination of steric and electrostatic exclusion of albumin in rat skin and skeletal muscle.

PubMed

Gyenge, Christina C; Tenstad, Olav; Wiig, Helge

2003-11-01

In order to estimate the magnitude of electrostatic exclusion provided by the fixed negative charges of the skin and muscle interstitia of rat in vivo we measured the distribution volumes of two differently charged albumin probes within these tissues. An implanted osmotic pump was used to reach and maintain a steady-state extracellular concentration of a mixture containing two iodine-labelled probes: a charged-modified human serum albumin, cHSA (i.e. a positive probe, isoelectirc point (pI) = 7.6) and a native human serum albumin, HSA (i.e. a normally charged, negative probe, pI = 5.0). Steady-state tissue concentrations were achieved after intravenous infusion of probes for 5-7 days. At the end of this period the animals were nephrectomized and a bolus of 51Cr-EDTA was administered for estimating the extracellular volume. Plasma volumes were measured as 5-min distribution volume of 125I-HSA in separate experiments. The steady-state interstitial fluid concentrations of all probes were determined using nylon wicks implanted postmortem. Calculations of labelled probes were made for interstitial fluid volumes (Vi), extravascular albumin distribution volumes (Vav,a) and relative interstitial excluded volume fractions (Vex,a/Vi). We found that the positive probe is excluded from a significantly smaller fraction of the interstitium. Specifically, the average relative albumin exclusion fractions obtained were: 16% and 26% in skeletal muscle and 30% and 40% in skin, for cHSA and HSA, respectively. On average, the fixed negative charges of the interstitium are responsible for about 40% of the total albumin exclusion in skeletal muscle and 25% in the whole skin tissue and thus, contribute significantly to volume exclusion in these tissues.

Alcohol and disorientation-responses. VI, Effects of alcohol on eye movements and tracking performance during laboratory angular accelerations about the yaw and pitch axes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-12-01

Alcohol ingestion interferes with visual control of vestibular eye movements and thereby produces significant decrements in performance at a compensatory tracking task during oscillation about the yaw axis; significant or consistent decrements in per...

78 FR 11670 - Notice of ACHP Quarterly Business Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-19

... Preservation Awards IV. Chairman's Report V. ACHP Management Issues A. ACHP FY 2013 and 2014 Budget B. Alumni Foundation Report VI. Historic Preservation Policy and Programs A. ACHP Plan To Support the United Nations... War to Civil Rights Initiative F. Future Directions for the ACHP in Sustainability G. Rightsizing Task...

Changes in ovarian reserve and ovarian blood flow in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome following laparoscopic ovarian drilling.

PubMed

Kamal, Nasser; Sanad, Zakaria; Elkelani, Osama; Rezk, Mohamed; Shawky, Mohamed; Sharaf, Abd-Elbar

2018-04-10

This prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 patients with clomiphene citrate (CC)-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD). Pre- and post-LOD ovarian reserve parameters (anti-Mullerian hormone: AMH, ovarian volume: OV, and antral follicle count: AFC) and ovarian stromal blood flow indices (Vascularization index: VI, flow index: FI, and vascularization flow index: VFI) were measured to explore the effect of LOD and to find out the correlation between serum AMH and different clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonic variables. There was a highly significant reduction of the serum AMH (p < .001) after LOD with significant reduction in OV, AFC and vascular indices (VI, FI and VFI) of the right and left ovaries (p < .05). LOD significantly reduced ovarian reserve parameters (AMH, OV and AFC) and ovarian stromal blood flow indices (VI, FI and VFI) with no observed correlation between AMH levels and Doppler indices.

Assessment of Program Impact Through First Grade, Volume VI: Summary of Impact on Institutions, Teachers and Classrooms, Parents and Children. An Evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity. Interim Report X.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Marjorie; And Others

The final volume in a series of six evaluation reports, this document provides a summary of the results of the evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity (PDC), conducted when the evaluation study's cohort of children had completed grade 1. Begun at 15 sites in 1974 with the purpose of ensuring that disadvantaged children receive continuous…

Ten Studies Pertaining to Residence, Mobility, and School Attendance Patterns of Discrete Black and Mexican American Populations in Tucson, Arizona, Between 1918 and 1976. Volume II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bockman, John F.

Volume II contains the substance of five studies originally filed with the United States District Court for the District of Arizona in the cases of "Fisher v. Lohr" and "Mendoza v. Tucson School District No. 1." Study VI examines the migration of Spanish-surnamed households from Tucson's south and west sides to the east side…

Persistence of uranium groundwater plumes: contrasting mechanisms at two DOE sites in the groundwater-river interaction zone.

PubMed

Zachara, John M; Long, Philip E; Bargar, John; Davis, James A; Fox, Patricia; Fredrickson, Jim K; Freshley, Mark D; Konopka, Allan E; Liu, Chongxuan; McKinley, James P; Rockhold, Mark L; Williams, Kenneth H; Yabusaki, Steve B

2013-04-01

We examine subsurface uranium (U) plumes at two U.S. Department of Energy sites that are located near large river systems and are influenced by groundwater-river hydrologic interaction. Following surface excavation of contaminated materials, both sites were projected to naturally flush remnant uranium contamination to levels below regulatory limits (e.g., 30 μg/L or 0.126 μmol/L; U.S. EPA drinking water standard), with 10 years projected for the Hanford 300 Area (Columbia River) and 12 years for the Rifle site (Colorado River). The rate of observed uranium decrease was much lower than expected at both sites. While uncertainty remains, a comparison of current understanding suggests that the two sites have common, but also different mechanisms controlling plume persistence. At the Hanford 300 A, the persistent source is adsorbed U(VI) in the vadose zone that is released to the aquifer during spring water table excursions. The release of U(VI) from the vadose zone and its transport within the oxic, coarse-textured aquifer sediments is dominated by kinetically-limited surface complexation. Modeling implies that annual plume discharge volumes to the Columbia River are small (

Persistence of uranium groundwater plumes: Contrasting mechanisms at two DOE sites in the groundwater-river interaction zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zachara, John M.; Long, Philip E.; Bargar, John; Davis, James A.; Fox, Patricia; Fredrickson, Jim K.; Freshley, Mark D.; Konopka, Allan E.; Liu, Chongxuan; McKinley, James P.; Rockhold, Mark L.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Yabusaki, Steve B.

2013-04-01

We examine subsurface uranium (U) plumes at two U.S. Department of Energy sites that are located near large river systems and are influenced by groundwater-river hydrologic interaction. Following surface excavation of contaminated materials, both sites were projected to naturally flush remnant uranium contamination to levels below regulatory limits (e.g., 30 μg/L or 0.126 μmol/L; U.S. EPA drinking water standard), with 10 years projected for the Hanford 300 Area (Columbia River) and 12 years for the Rifle site (Colorado River). The rate of observed uranium decrease was much lower than expected at both sites. While uncertainty remains, a comparison of current understanding suggests that the two sites have common, but also different mechanisms controlling plume persistence. At the Hanford 300 A, the persistent source is adsorbed U(VI) in the vadose zone that is released to the aquifer during spring water table excursions. The release of U(VI) from the vadose zone and its transport within the oxic, coarse-textured aquifer sediments is dominated by kinetically-limited surface complexation. Modeling implies that annual plume discharge volumes to the Columbia River are small (< one pore volume). At the Rifle site, slow oxidation of naturally reduced, contaminant U(IV) in the saturated zone and a continuous influx of U(VI) from natural, up-gradient sources influence plume persistence. Rate-limited mass transfer and surface complexation also control U(VI) migration velocity in the sub-oxic Rifle groundwater. Flux of U(VI) from the vadose zone at the Rifle site may be locally important, but it is not the dominant process that sustains the plume. A wide range in microbiologic functional diversity exists at both sites. Strains of Geobacter and other metal reducing bacteria are present at low natural abundance that are capable of enzymatic U(VI) reduction in localized zones of accumulated detrital organic carbon or after organic carbon amendment. Major differences between the sites include the geochemical nature of residual, contaminant U; the rates of current kinetic processes (both biotic and abiotic) influencing U(VI) solid-liquid distribution; the presence of detrital organic matter and the resulting spatial heterogeneity in microbially-driven redox properties; and the magnitude of groundwater hydrologic dynamics controlled by river-stage fluctuations, geologic structures, and aquifer hydraulic properties. The comparative analysis of these sites provides important guidance to the characterization, understanding, modeling, and remediation of groundwater contaminant plumes influenced by surface water interaction that are common world-wide.

Director of Innovation. Volume 3, November 2009

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-11-01

evaluated at Crimson Vi- per 2009 included the Portable Acoustic Contraband Detector (PACD) and the Fluxgate Magnetometer , two projects from SPAWAR...concealed within the containers. The Fluxgate Magnetometer is a hockey puck-sized sensor head that can detect vehicles and weapons by measuring

40 CFR 51.363 - Quality assurance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... test, the evaporative system tests, and emission control component checks (as applicable); (vi...) A check of the Constant Volume Sampler flow calibration; (5) A check for the optimization of the... selection, and power absorption; (9) A check of the system's ability to accurately detect background...

Cost-effectiveness of umeclidinium/vilanterol combination therapy compared to tiotropium monotherapy among symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the UK.

PubMed

Punekar, Yogesh Suresh; Roberts, Graeme; Ismaila, Afisi; O'Leary, Martin

2015-01-01

The cost-effectiveness of umeclidinium bromide-vilanterol (UMEC/VI) versus tiotropium monotherapy in the UK was assessed using a UMEC/VI treatment-specific economic model based on a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) disease-progression model. The model was implemented as a linked-equation model to estimate COPD progression and associated health service costs, and its impact on quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and survival. Statistical risk equations for clinical endpoints and resource use were derived from the ECLIPSE and TORCH studies, respectively. For the selected timeframe (1-40 years) and probabilistic analysis, model outputs included disaggregated costs, total costs, exacerbations, life-years and QALYs gained, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Random-effects meta-analysis of tiotropium comparator trials estimated treatment effect of UMEC/VI as 92.17 mL (95 % confidence interval: 61.52, 122.82) in forced expiratory volume in 1 s. With this benefit, UMEC/VI resulted in an estimated annual exacerbation reduction of 0.04 exacerbations/patient and 0.36 life years gained compared to tiotropium over patient lifetime. With an additional 0.18 QALYs/patient and an additional lifetime cost of £372/patient at price parity, the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of UMEC/VI compared to tiotropium was £2088/QALY. This ICER increased to £17,541/QALY when price of UMEC/VI was increased to that of indacaterol plus tiotropium in separate inhalers. The ICER improved when model duration was reduced from patient lifetime to 1 or 5 years, or when treatment effect was assumed to last for 12 months following treatment initiation. UMEC/VI can be considered a cost-effective alternative to tiotropium at a certain price.

The abundance, distribution, and physical nature of highly ionized oxygen O VI, O VII, and O VIII in IllustrisTNG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, Dylan; Kauffmann, Guinevere; Pillepich, Annalisa; Genel, Shy; Springel, Volker; Pakmor, Rüdiger; Hernquist, Lars; Weinberger, Rainer; Torrey, Paul; Vogelsberger, Mark; Marinacci, Federico

2018-06-01

We explore the abundance, spatial distribution, and physical properties of the O VI, O VII, and O VIII ions of oxygen in circumgalactic and intergalactic media (the CGM, IGM, and WHIM). We use the TNG100 and TNG300 large volume cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations. Modelling the ionization states of simulated oxygen, we find good agreement with observations of the low-redshift O VI column density distribution function (CDDF), and present its evolution for all three ions from z = 0 to z = 4. Producing mock quasar absorption line spectral surveys, we show that the IllustrisTNG simulations are fully consistent with constraints on the O VI content of the CGM from COS-haloes and other low-redshift observations, producing columns as high as observed. We measure the total amount of mass and average column densities of each ion using hundreds of thousands of simulated galaxies spanning 10^{11} < {M}_halo/ M⊙<1015 corresponding to 109 < M⋆/ M⊙<1012 in stellar mass. Stacked radial profiles of O VI are computed in 3D number density and 2D projected column density, decomposing into 1-halo and 2-halo terms. Relating halo O VI to properties of the central galaxy, we find a correlation between the (g - r) colour of a galaxy and the total amount of O VI in its CGM. In comparison to the COS-Haloes finding, this leads to a dichotomy of columns around star-forming versus passive galaxies at fixed stellar (or halo) mass. We demonstrate that this correlation is a direct result of black hole feedback associated with quenching and represents a causal consequence of galactic-scale baryonic feedback impacting the physical state of the circumgalactic medium.

Magnitude and directional measures of water and Cr(VI) fluxes by passive flux meter.

PubMed

Campbell, Timothy J; Hatfield, Kirk; Klammler, Harald; Annable, Michael D; Rao, P S C

2006-10-15

A new configuration of the passive fluxmeter (PFM) is presented that provides for simultaneous measurements of both the magnitude and the direction of ambient groundwater specific discharge qo and Cr(VI) mass flux J(Cr). The PFM is configured as a cylindrical unit with an interior divided into a center section and three outer sectors, each packed with a granular anion exchange resin having high sorption capacity for the Cr(VI) oxyanions CrO4(2-) and HCrO4-. The sorbent in the center section is preloaded with benzoate as the "resident" tracer. Laboratory experiments were conducted in which PFMs were placed in porous packed bed columns, through which was passed a measured volume of synthetic groundwater containing Cr(VI). During the deployment period, some of the resident tracer is depleted while the Cr(VI) is sorbed. The resin was then removed from the four sectors separately and extracted to determine the "captured" mass of Cr(VI) and the residual mass of the resident tracer in each. Cumulative specific discharge, q0t, values were assessed using the residual mass of benzoate retained in the center section. The direction of this discharge theta was ascertained from the mass distribution of benzoate intercepted and retained in the outer three sections of the PFM. Cumulative chromium fluxes, J(Cr)t, were quantified using the total Cr(VI) mass intercepted and retained on the PFM. Experiments produced an average measurement error for direction theta of 3 degrees +/- 14 degrees, while the average measurement errors for q0 and J(Cr) were, respectively, -8% +/- 15% and -12% +/- 23%. Results demonstrate the potential utility of the new PFM configuration for characterizing groundwater and contaminant fluxes.

Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation. Volume 4; Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterizations, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols; Revised

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, J. L. (Editor); Fargion, Giuletta S. (Editor); McClain, Charles R. (Editor); Pegau, Scott; Zaneveld, J. Ronald V.; Mitchell, B. Gregg; Kahru, Mati; Wieland, John; Stramska, Malgorzat

2003-01-01

This document stipulates protocols for measuring bio-optical and radiometric data for the Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project activities and algorithm development. The document is organized into 6 separate volumes as Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4. Volume I: Introduction, Background and Conventions; Volume II: Instrument Specifications, Characterization and Calibration; Volume III: Radiometric Measurements and Data Analysis Methods; Volume IV: Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterization, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols; Volume V: Biogeochemical and Bio-Optical Measurements and Data Analysis Methods; Volume VI: Special Topics in Ocean Optics Protocols and Appendices. The earlier version of Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 3 (Mueller and Fargion 2002, Volumes 1 and 2) is entirely superseded by the six volumes of Revision 4 listed above.

Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation. Volume 6; Special Topics in Ocean Optics Protocols and Appendices; Revised

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, J. L. (Editor); Fargion, Giulietta S. (Editor); McClain, Charles R. (Editor)

2003-01-01

This document stipulates protocols for measuring bio-optical and radiometric data for the Sensor Intercomparison and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project activities and algorithm development. The document is organized into 6 separate volumes as Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4. Volume I: Introduction, Background and Conventions; Volume II: Instrument Specifications, Characterization and Calibration; Volume III: Radiometric Measurements and Data Analysis Methods; Volume IV: Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterization, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols; Volume V: Biogeochemical and Bio-Optical Measurements and Data Analysis Methods; Volume VI: Special Topics in Ocean Optics Protocols and Appendices. The earlier version of Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 3 (Mueller and Fargion 2002, Volumes 1 and 2) is entirely superseded by the six volumes of Revision 4 listed above.

An evaluation of the protective role of α-tocopherol on free radical induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to chromium in rats

PubMed Central

Balakrishnan, Rajendran; Satish Kumar, Chitturi Sree; Rani, Matukumalli Usha; Srikanth, Mylaram Kistaiah; Boobalan, Gopu; Reddy, Alla Gopala

2013-01-01

Aim: To avert the health problems induced by many environmental pollutants, available antioxidants have been evaluated. The present study was aimed to investigate whether α-tocopherol could protect the hexavalent chromium (Cr VI)-induced peroxidation in the liver and kidney and to explore the underlying mechanism of the same. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 Wistar adult female rats were equally divided into four groups. Group 1 served as control while Groups 2 and 3 were administered K2Cr2O7(10 mg/kg b.wt. s.c. single dose). In addition to (Cr VI), Group 3 also received α-tocopherol (125 mg/kg, daily) by oral gavage for 14 days. Group 4 was maintained as α-tocopherol control (dose as above). At the end of 14 days, blood samples were drawn for hematology. Subsequently, all the rats were sacrificed to collect liver and kidney samples for assay of tissue peroxidation markers, antioxidant markers and functional markers and histopathology. Results: Administration of chromium (Cr VI) in Group 2 significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione along with significant (P < 0.05) increase in peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in the liver and kidney as compared with other groups. The functional markers in serum such as total protein was decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas other functional markers viz. alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in Group 2 as compared with the other groups. Significant (P < 0.05) decrease in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and total leukocyte count were observed in Cr VI treated Group 2 rats. Prominent pathological changes were observed in the liver and kidney of Group 2. Co-treatment with α-tocopherol in Group 3 rats significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the Cr VI induced changes. The parameters in the study in Group 4 did not differ as compared with Group 1. Conclusions: α–tocopherol exhibited protective effect against Cr VI-induced damage to the liver and kidney by inhibition of lipid peroxidation owing its antioxidant activity. PMID:24130385

Impact of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy ovarian drilling on ovarian stromal blood flow and ovarian volume in clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS patients: a case-control study.

PubMed

Giampaolino, Pierluigi; Morra, Ilaria; De Rosa, Nicoletta; Cagnacci, Angelo; Pellicano, Massimiliano; Di Carlo, Costantino; Nappi, Carmine; Bifulco, Giuseppe

2017-09-01

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in gynecology. In PCOS patients vascularization parameters are altered. Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (THL) is a mini-invasive approach for ovarian drilling in PCOS patients. In this study, we assessed the effect of ovarian drilling using THL on ovarian volume (OV) and vascularization index (VI) using 3D power Doppler ultrasonography in CC-resistant PCOS patients. A case-control study on 123 CC-resistant PCOS women who underwent THL ovarian drilling was performed. Patients underwent 3D ultrasound and power Doppler to measure VI, flow index (FI), vascularization flow index (VFI) and to evaluate OV before and after the procedure, at six months, and on the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. After THL ovarian drilling, OV and power Doppler flow indices were significantly reduced compared to pre-operative values (OV: 7.85 versus 11.72 cm 3 , p < 0.01; VI: 2.50 versus 4.81, p < 0.01; VFI: 1.10 versus 2.16, p < 0.01; FI: 32.05 versus 35.37, p < 0.01). In conclusion, THL ovarian drilling seems to reduce OV and 3D power Doppler indices, and could therefore be a viable alternative to LOD in PCOS patients resistant to medical therapy.

Project FARE Task IV Report: Urban Mass Transportation Industry Financial and Operating Data Reporting System. Volume I. Task and Project Summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-11-01

The report contains a description of the uniform reporting system for the urban mass transit industry designed and tested in Project FARE. It is presented in five volumes. Volume I contains a description of how Task IV was accomplished and the conclu...

The Insurance Educator. Volume VI. 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Insurance Educator, 1997

1997-01-01

This Insurance Education Foundation (IEF) newsletter provides secondary educators with a greater knowledge of insurance and access to teaching materials. It also provides students with insurance career information. The newsletter is intended for secondary educators who teach insurance in any subject. Substantive articles contained in this issue…

ENERGY FROM THE WEST: ENERGY RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEMS REPORT. VOLUME VI: GEOTHERMAL

EPA Science Inventory

This report describes the technologies likely to be used for development of geothermal resources in eight western states (Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming). It provides information on input materials and labor requirements, out...

Gestalt Perception and Local-Global Processing in High-Functioning Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolte, Sven; Holtmann, Martin; Poustka, Fritz; Scheurich, Armin; Schmidt, Lutz

2007-01-01

This study examined gestalt perception in high-functioning autism (HFA) and its relation to tasks indicative of local visual processing. Data on of gestalt perception, visual illusions (VI), hierarchical letters (HL), Block Design (BD) and the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) were collected in adult males with HFA, schizophrenia, depression and…

78 FR 39300 - Notice of Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Quarterly Business Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-01

... V. Chairman's Report VI. ACHP Management Issues A. ACHP FY 2013 and 2014 Budget B. Alumni Foundation Report C. ACHP Office Relocation Update VII. Historic Preservation Policy and Programs A. Building a More.... Planning for 50th Anniversary of the National Historic Preservation Act D. Rightsizing Task Force Report E...

Job Language Performance Requirements for MOS 91B, Medical Specialist, Reference Soldier’s Manual Dated 30 August 1977.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-08-30

Administer tube feeding (gavage) to a patient. 081-91B-1238 Administer a rectal suppository . 081-91B-1240 Administer an intramuscular injection. 081-91B...communications Coded messages Spellings Conversation Requests VI-3 * * * SPEAKING TASK: Formulate and produce appropriate oral responses spontaneously

Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4, Volume IV: Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterizations, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, J. L.; Fargion, G. S.; McClain, C. R. (Editor); Pegau, S.; Zanefeld, J. R. V.; Mitchell, B. G.; Kahru, M.; Wieland, J.; Stramska, M.

2003-01-01

This document stipulates protocols for measuring bio-optical and radiometric data for the Sensor Intercomparision and Merger for Biological and Interdisciplinary Oceanic Studies (SIMBIOS) Project activities and algorithm development. The document is organized into 6 separate volumes as Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4. Volume I: Introduction, Background, and Conventions; Volume II: Instrument Specifications, Characterization and Calibration; Volume III: Radiometric Measurements and Data Analysis Methods; Volume IV: Inherent Optical Properties: Instruments, Characterization, Field Measurements and Data Analysis Protocols; Volume V: Biogeochemical and Bio-Optical Measurements and Data Analysis Methods; Volume VI: Special Topics in Ocean Optics Protocols and Appendices. The earlier version of Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 3 is entirely superseded by the six volumes of Revision 4 listed above.

Five Thousand American Families--Patterns of Economic Progress. Volume VI: Accounting for Race and Sex Differences in Earnings and Other Analyses of the First Nine Years of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duncan, Greg J., Ed.; Morgan, James N., Ed.

In trying to determine race and sex differences in earnings, some chapters in this volume examine the hypothesis that earnings differences are caused by skill differences. Findings indicate that skill differences cannot account for much of the earnings differences. Education levels required by various jobs are analyzed and compared to the actual…

Properties of II-VI Semiconductors: Bulk Crystals, Epitaxial Films, Quantum Well Structures, and Dilute Magnetic Systems. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. Volume 161

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-21

1989, ISBN 1-55899-063-1 Volume 176-Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XIII, V.M. Oversby, P.W. Brown, 1989, ISBN 1-55899-064-X Volume 177...J.M. PePUYDT, H. CHENG, M.A. HAASE AND J.E. POTTS 3M Company, 201-1N-35 / 3M Center, St. Paul , MN 55144. Recently, with the advent of thermal...their small business innovative research program. The authors wish to thank Larry Knight, director of the Center for X-ray Imaging at Brigham Young

Effects of umeclidinium/vilanterol on exercise endurance in COPD: a randomised study.

PubMed

Riley, John H; Kalberg, Chris J; Donald, Alison; Lipson, David A; Shoaib, Muhammad; Tombs, Lee

2018-01-01

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study assessed the effect of umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) on exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT). Patients were randomised 1:1 to one of two treatment sequences: 1) UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg followed by placebo or 2) placebo followed by UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg. Each treatment was taken once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end-point was 3-h post-dose exercise endurance time (EET) at week 12. Secondary end-points included trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and 3-h post-dose functional residual capacity (FRC), both at week 12. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score at week 12 was also assessed. UMEC/VI treatment did not result in a statistically significant improvement in EET change from baseline at week 12 versus placebo (p=0.790). However, improvements were observed in trough FEV 1 (206 mL, 95% CI 167-246), 3-h post-dose FRC (-346 mL, 95% CI -487 to -204) and CAT score (-1.07 units, 95% CI -2.09 to -0.05) versus placebo at week 12. UMEC/VI did not result in improvements in EET at week 12 versus placebo, despite improvements in measures of lung function, hyperinflation and health status.

TEM in situ cube-corner indentation analysis using ViBe motion detection algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yano, K. H.; Thomas, S.; Swenson, M. J.; Lu, Y.; Wharry, J. P.

2018-04-01

Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) in situ mechanical testing is a promising method for understanding plasticity in shallow ion irradiated layers and other volume-limited materials. One of the simplest TEM in situ experiments is cube-corner indentation of a lamella, but the subsequent analysis and interpretation of the experiment is challenging, especially in engineering materials with complex microstructures. In this work, we: (a) develop MicroViBE, a motion detection and background subtraction-based post-processing approach, and (b) demonstrate the ability of MicroViBe, in combination with post-mortem TEM imaging, to carry out an unbiased qualitative interpretation of TEM indentation videos. We focus this work around a Fe-9%Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy, irradiated with Fe2+ ions to 3 dpa at 500 °C. MicroViBe identifies changes in Laue contrast that are induced by the indentation; these changes accumulate throughout the mechanical loading to generate a "heatmap" of features in the original TEM video that change the most during the loading. Dislocation loops with b = ½ <111> identified by post-mortem scanning TEM (STEM) imaging correspond to hotspots on the heatmap, whereas positions of dislocation loops with b = <100> do not correspond to hotspots. Further, MicroViBe enables consistent, objective quantitative approximation of the b = ½ <111> dislocation loop number density.

The second version of the L. V. Prasad-functional vision questionnaire.

PubMed

Gothwal, Vijaya K; Sumalini, Rebecca; Bharani, Seelam; Reddy, Shailaja P; Bagga, Deepak K

2012-11-01

The L. V. Prasad-Functional Vision Questionnaire (LVP-FVQ) was developed using Rasch analysis to assess self-reported difficulties in performing daily tasks in school children with visual impairment (VI) in India. However, the LVP-FVQ has psychometric problems of inadequate measurement precision and lack of detailed assessment of dimensionality. Furthermore, items pertaining to use of technology are lacking. The aim of this study was to present the development and validation of the second version of LVP-FVQ (LVP-FVQ II). Development of LVP-FVQ II involved extracting items from other similar questionnaires (albeit developed for Western populations) and focus group discussions of children with VI and their parents that resulted in a 32-item pilot questionnaire. Overall, six items from the LVP-FVQ were retained. The questionnaire underwent pilot testing in 25 such children, following which a 27-item LVP-FVQ II emerged, and this was administered to 150 children with VI. Response to each item was rated on a three-category scale. Rasch analysis was used to validate the LVP-FVQ II. Rating scale was used by participants as was intended to. Four mobility-related items required deletion, as these did not contribute toward measurement of a single construct, indicating a secondary dimension. Deletion of the four items resulted in the 23-item unidimensional LVP-FVQ II, with good measurement precision, effective targeting of item difficulty to participant ability, and lack of notable differential item functioning. The LVP-FVQ II has high reliability, indicating that it is effectively able to discriminate between visual disability of school children in India, and is valid across age, gender, duration of VI, and location of residence. Given the superior measurement properties and the interval-level scores, the LVP-FVQ II appears to offer advantages over LVP-FVQ in assessment of difficulties in performing daily tasks in this population. It can be adapted for use in other developing countries.

Executive abilities in children with congenital visual impairment in mid-childhood.

PubMed

Bathelt, Joe; de Haan, Michelle; Salt, Alison; Dale, Naomi Jane

2018-02-01

The role of vision and vision deprivation in the development of executive function (EF) abilities in childhood is little understood; aspects of EF such as initiative, attention orienting, inhibition, planning and performance monitoring are often measured through visual tasks. Studying the development and integrity of EF abilities in children with congenital visual impairment (VI) may provide important insights into the development of EF and also its possible relationship with vision and non-visual senses. The current study investigates non-visual EF abilities in 18 school-age children of average verbal intelligence with VI of differing levels of severity arising from congenital disorders affecting the eye, retina, or anterior optic nerve. Standard auditory neuropsychological assessments of sustained and divided attention, phonemic, semantic and switching verbal fluency, verbal working memory, and ratings of everyday executive abilities by parents were undertaken. Executive skills were compared to age-matched typically-sighted (TS) typically-developing children and across levels of vision (mild to moderate VI [MVI] or severe to profound VI [SPVI]). The results do not indicate significant differences or deficits on direct assessments of verbal and auditory EF between the groups. However, parent ratings suggest difficulties with everyday executive abilities, with the greatest difficulties in those with SPVI. The findings are discussed as possibly reflecting increased demands of behavioral executive skills for children with VI in everyday situations despite auditory and verbal EF abilities in the typical range for their age. These findings have potential implications for clinical and educational practices.

Development and application of network virtual instrument for emission spectrum of pulsed high-voltage direct current discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gong, X.; Wu, Q.

2017-12-01

Network virtual instrument (VI) is a new development direction in current automated test. Based on LabVIEW, the software and hardware system of VI used for emission spectrum of pulsed high-voltage direct current (DC) discharge is developed and applied to investigate pulsed high-voltage DC discharge of nitrogen. By doing so, various functions are realized including real time collection of emission spectrum of nitrogen, monitoring operation state of instruments and real time analysis and processing of data. By using shared variables and DataSocket technology in LabVIEW, the network VI system based on field VI is established. The system can acquire the emission spectrum of nitrogen in the test site, monitor operation states of field instruments, realize real time face-to-face interchange of two sites, and analyze data in the far-end from the network terminal. By employing the network VI system, the staff in the two sites acquired the same emission spectrum of nitrogen and conducted the real time communication. By comparing with the previous results, it can be seen that the experimental data obtained by using the system are highly precise. This implies that the system shows reliable network stability and safety and satisfies the requirements for studying the emission spectrum of pulsed high-voltage discharge in high-precision fields or network terminals. The proposed architecture system is described and the target group gets the useful enlightenment in many fields including engineering remote users, specifically in control- and automation-related tasks.

Study of Mo (VI) removal from aqueous solution: application of different mathematical models to continuous biosorption data.

PubMed

Kafshgari, Fatemeh; Keshtkar, Ali Reza; Mousavian, Mohammad Ali

2013-01-25

Molybdenum (VI) biosorption process was investigated by marine algae Cystoseria indica pretreated with 0.1 M CaCl2 solution in a packed bed column. The biosorbent was characterized by FTIR, BET and SEM analyses. The results showed that Mo (VI) ions should be chelated with the hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups of the biomass. The effects of inlet metal concentration and flow rate on biosorption process were investigated and the experimental breakthrough curves were obtained. Results showed that the maximum biosorption capacity of Ca-pretreated C. indica for Mo (VI) was found to be 18.32 mg/g at optimum flow rate of (1.4 mL/min). The controlled-rate step shifted from external to internal mass transfer limitations, as the flow rate increased. Also, it was observed that the breakthrough and exhaustion time decreased from 17.14 hr to 9.05 hr and from 0.006 h to 0.002 hr respectively, with the increase of flow rate from 0.7 to 2.1 ML/min. The increase in the initial concentration of Mo (VI) solution from 30 to 95 ml min-1 increases the adsorption capacity from 18.32 to 30.19 mg/g and decreases the percentage of Mo (VI) removal from 61 to 38%. Also, the treated volume was the greatest (1.42 L) at the lowest inlet concentration. Column data obtained under different conditions were described using the Thomas, Yoon and Nelson, Yan and Belter models. The breakthrough curve predictions by Belter model were found to be very satisfactory.

Electromagnetic Environment Measurements of PRT Systems at "TRANSPO 72" : Volume VI

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

An X-Y plot is made of the radiated electromagnetic signals and noise between 1 KHz and 50KHz at each of the four Personalized Rapid Transit (PRT) sites at Dulles International Airport. The PRT Systems were operated simultaneously in an effort to det...

Entorhinal Cortex Volume Is Associated With Dual-Task Gait Cost Among Older Adults With MCI: Results From the Gait and Brain Study.

PubMed

Sakurai, Ryota; Bartha, Robert; Montero-Odasso, Manuel

2018-05-15

Low dual-task gait performance (the slowing of gait speed while performing a demanding cognitive task) is associated with low cognitive performance and an increased risk of progression to dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. However, the reason for this remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dual-task cost and regional brain volume, focusing on the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and motor and lateral frontal cortices in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Forty older adults with mild cognitive impairment from the "Gait and Brain Study" were included in this study. Gait velocity was measured during single-task (ie, walking alone) and dual-task (ie, counting backwards, subtracting serial sevens, and naming animals, in addition to walking) conditions, using an electronic walkway. Regional brain volumes were derived by automated segmentation, using 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Partial rank correlation analyses demonstrated that a smaller volume of the left entorhinal cortex was associated with higher dual-task costs in counting backwards and subtracting serial sevens conditions. Subsequent logistic regression analyses demonstrated that a smaller volume of the left entorhinal cortex was independently associated with higher dual-task cost (slowing down >20% when performing cognitive task) in these two conditions. There were no other significant associations. Our results show that lower dual-task gait performance is associated with volume reduction in the entorhinal cortex. Cognitive and motor dysfunction in older adults with mild cognitive impairment may reflect a shared pathogenic mechanism, and dual-task-related gait changes might be a surrogate motor marker for Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Caudate Nucleus Volume Mediates the Link between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cognitive Flexibility in Older Adults

PubMed Central

Verstynen, Timothy D.; Lynch, Brighid; Miller, Destiny L.; Voss, Michelle W.; Prakash, Ruchika Shaurya; Chaddock, Laura; Basak, Chandramallika; Szabo, Amanda; Olson, Erin A.; Wojcicki, Thomas R.; Fanning, Jason; Gothe, Neha P.; McAuley, Edward; Kramer, Arthur F.; Erickson, Kirk I.

2012-01-01

The basal ganglia play a central role in regulating the response selection abilities that are critical for mental flexibility. In neocortical areas, higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with increased gray matter volume, and these volumetric differences mediate enhanced cognitive performance in a variety of tasks. Here we examine whether cardiorespiratory fitness correlates with the volume of the subcortical nuclei that make up the basal ganglia and whether this relationship predicts cognitive flexibility in older adults. Structural MRI was used to determine the volume of the basal ganglia nuclei in a group of older, neurologically healthy individuals (mean age 66 years, N = 179). Measures of cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), cognitive flexibility (task switching), and attentional control (flanker task) were also collected. Higher fitness levels were correlated with higher accuracy rates in the Task Switching paradigm. In addition, the volume of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus positively correlated with Task Switching accuracy. Nested regression modeling revealed that caudate nucleus volume was a significant mediator of the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness, and task switching performance. These findings indicate that higher cardiorespiratory fitness predicts better cognitive flexibility in older adults through greater grey matter volume in the dorsal striatum. PMID:22900181

Deep sequencing analysis of viral infection and evolution allows rapid and detailed characterization of viral mutant spectrum.

PubMed

Isakov, Ofer; Bordería, Antonio V; Golan, David; Hamenahem, Amir; Celniker, Gershon; Yoffe, Liron; Blanc, Hervé; Vignuzzi, Marco; Shomron, Noam

2015-07-01

The study of RNA virus populations is a challenging task. Each population of RNA virus is composed of a collection of different, yet related genomes often referred to as mutant spectra or quasispecies. Virologists using deep sequencing technologies face major obstacles when studying virus population dynamics, both experimentally and in natural settings due to the relatively high error rates of these technologies and the lack of high performance pipelines. In order to overcome these hurdles we developed a computational pipeline, termed ViVan (Viral Variance Analysis). ViVan is a complete pipeline facilitating the identification, characterization and comparison of sequence variance in deep sequenced virus populations. Applying ViVan on deep sequenced data obtained from samples that were previously characterized by more classical approaches, we uncovered novel and potentially crucial aspects of virus populations. With our experimental work, we illustrate how ViVan can be used for studies ranging from the more practical, detection of resistant mutations and effects of antiviral treatments, to the more theoretical temporal characterization of the population in evolutionary studies. Freely available on the web at http://www.vivanbioinfo.org : nshomron@post.tau.ac.il Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

[V.I. Smidovich: a Whole Life to Local Community Good].

PubMed

Tereshkina, O V; Bobkova, V N

2017-11-01

The article considers public and medical activities of Vikentii Ignatievich Smidovich, one of the most prominent physicians of Tula of the end of XIX century. His role in the organization and activities of the Tula society of physicians is analyzed. The particular attention is paid to activities of V.I. Smidovich related to amelioration of sanitary conditions of Tula, amelioration of conditions and increasing of longevity of life of residents, support of population with free medical care. The attempt is made to trace the role of a single personality in the process of historical, cultural, social development of a particular region. The article presents a short description of industrial Tula at the end of XIX century as a prerequisite to socially directed activity of educated sections of population, including physicians-humanists. The personal characteristics of V.I. Smidovich are emphasized that permitted him to gain a higher authority among patients and colleagues and to achieve established tasks. The article deals with the theme of life and death as an ethical argument, "natural heroism" of medical profession. The fragment of case history composed by V.I. Smidovich himself is presented. The emphasis is also made on the role of Smidovich-father in the formation of creed and creative direction of V.V. Veresaiev, his son.

Good research practices for measuring drug costs in cost-effectiveness analyses: an international perspective: the ISPOR Drug Cost Task Force report--Part VI.

PubMed

Shi, Lizheng; Hodges, Meredith; Drummond, Michael; Ahn, Jeonghoon; Li, Shu Chuen; Hu, Shanlian; Augustovski, Federico; Hay, Joel W; Smeeding, Jim

2010-01-01

The pharmacoeconomic guidelines available in the literature or promulgated in many countries are either vague or silent about how drug costs should be established or measured so an international comparison of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) results can be made. The objective of this report is to provide guidance and recommendations on how drug costs should be measured for CEAs done from an internationally comparative perspective. Members of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force on Good Research Practices-Use of Drug Costs for Cost Effectiveness Analysis (Drug Cost Task Force [DCTF]) subgroup from several countries were experienced developers or users of CEA models, and worked in academia, industry, and as advisors to governments. They solicited comments on drafts from a core group of 174 external reviewers and more broadly, from the members of the ISPOR at the ISPOR 12th Annual International meeting and via the ISPOR Web site. Drug units should be standardized in terms of volume of active ingredient, regardless of packaging and dosing strength variations across countries. Drug costs should be measured in local currency per unit of active ingredient and should be converted to other currencies using sensitivity analyses of purchasing power parities (PPP) and exchange rates, whichever is more appropriate. When using drug prices from different years, the consumer price index for the local currency should be applied before the PPP and/or exchange rate conversion. CEA researchers conducting international pharmacoeconomic analysis should tailor the appropriate measure of drug costs to the international perspective, to maintain clarity and transparency on drug cost measurement in the context of international drug comparison and report the sensitivity of CEA results to reasonable cost conversions.

Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation: Results of the Initial Psychometric Study

PubMed Central

Pinkham, Amy E.; Penn, David L.; Green, Michael F.; Harvey, Philip D.

2016-01-01

Measurement of social cognition in treatment trials remains problematic due to poor and limited psychometric data for many tasks. As part of the Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study, the psychometric properties of 8 tasks were assessed. One hundred and seventy-nine stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 104 healthy controls completed the battery at baseline and a 2–4-week retest period at 2 sites. Tasks included the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ), Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task (BLERT), Penn Emotion Recognition Task (ER-40), Relationships Across Domains (RAD), Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task (Eyes), The Awareness of Social Inferences Test (TASIT), Hinting Task, and Trustworthiness Task. Tasks were evaluated on: (i) test-retest reliability, (ii) utility as a repeated measure, (iii) relationship to functional outcome, (iv) practicality and tolerability, (v) sensitivity to group differences, and (vi) internal consistency. The BLERT and Hinting task showed the strongest psychometric properties across all evaluation criteria and are recommended for use in clinical trials. The ER-40, Eyes Task, and TASIT showed somewhat weaker psychometric properties and require further study. The AIHQ, RAD, and Trustworthiness Task showed poorer psychometric properties that suggest caution for their use in clinical trials. PMID:25943125

Motor Skill Performance of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments: A Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Houwen, Suzanne; Visscher, Chris; Lemmink, Koen A. P. M.; Hartman, Esther

2009-01-01

This article reviews studies on variables that are related to the motor skill performance of children and adolescents with visual impairments (VI). Three major groups of variables are considered (child, environmental, and task). Thirty-nine studies are included in this review, 26 of which examined the effects of child, environmental, and/or task…

3 CFR 13630 - Executive Order 13630 of December 6, 2012. Establishment of an Interagency Task Force on...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Department of Defense; (iv) Department of Agriculture; (v) Department of Health and Human Services; (vi... progress report to the Export Promotion Cabinet every 180 days, which should include, but not be limited to... Advocacy Center at the Department of Commerce, is focused on ensuring that the Federal Government's...

Projections of Demand for Waterborne Transportation, Ohio River Basin, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2020, 2040. Volume 8. Group VI. Chemicals & Chemical Fertilizers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

medicinal chemicals, botanical products and pharmaceutical pre- parat ions) -3- 2841 Soap, detergents, and cleaning preparation; perfumes , cos- metics...dcecylbenzene Higher alkylbenzenes, nec. Cyclohexane Toluene DII socyanates Phthalic acid and anhydrides Dimethyl terephthalate Ethylbenzene Tetrahydrofuran

College and Adult Reading, VI; Sixth Yearbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wark, David L., Ed.

This volume contains the sixteen papers presented to the 1968, 1969, and 1970 annual meetings of the North Central Reading Association. The papers are grouped into four sections: Programs and Centers, Materials and Techniques, Evaluation, and Professional Problems. Some of the topics concern tests and test-taking, attitudinal factors, descriptions…

Forensic Journal, Volume VI, January 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forensic Journal, 1984

1984-01-01

While covering various English language forensics activities in Japan, this special journal issue is heavily devoted to debate. The 22 articles in the journal are divided into five sections as follows: (1) general information on the Japan English Forensics Association (JEFA); (2) debate, including reports on debate tournaments around the world, a…

Effects of Information Availability on Command-and-Control Decision Making: Performance, Trust, and Situation Awareness.

PubMed

Marusich, Laura R; Bakdash, Jonathan Z; Onal, Emrah; Yu, Michael S; Schaffer, James; O'Donovan, John; Höllerer, Tobias; Buchler, Norbou; Gonzalez, Cleotilde

2016-03-01

We investigated how increases in task-relevant information affect human decision-making performance, situation awareness (SA), and trust in a simulated command-and-control (C2) environment. Increased information is often associated with an improvement of SA and decision-making performance in networked organizations. However, previous research suggests that increasing information without considering the task relevance and the presentation can impair performance. We used a simulated C2 task across two experiments. Experiment 1 varied the information volume provided to individual participants and measured the speed and accuracy of decision making for task performance. Experiment 2 varied information volume and information reliability provided to two participants acting in different roles and assessed decision-making performance, SA, and trust between the paired participants. In both experiments, increased task-relevant information volume did not improve task performance. In Experiment 2, increased task-relevant information volume reduced self-reported SA and trust, and incorrect source reliability information led to poorer task performance and SA. These results indicate that increasing the volume of information, even when it is accurate and task relevant, is not necessarily beneficial to decision-making performance. Moreover, it may even be detrimental to SA and trust among team members. Given the high volume of available and shared information and the safety-critical and time-sensitive nature of many decisions, these results have implications for training and system design in C2 domains. To avoid decrements to SA, interpersonal trust, and decision-making performance, information presentation within C2 systems must reflect human cognitive processing limits and capabilities. © 2016, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

NASA Safety Manual. Volume 3: System Safety

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1970-01-01

This Volume 3 of the NASA Safety Manual sets forth the basic elements and techniques for managing a system safety program and the technical methods recommended for use in developing a risk evaluation program that is oriented to the identification of hazards in aerospace hardware systems and the development of residual risk management information for the program manager that is based on the hazards identified. The methods and techniques described in this volume are in consonance with the requirements set forth in NHB 1700.1 (VI), Chapter 3. This volume and future volumes of the NASA Safety Manual shall not be rewritten, reprinted, or reproduced in any manner. Installation implementing procedures, if necessary, shall be inserted as page supplements in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A. No portion of this volume or future volumes of the NASA Safety Manual shall be invoked in contracts.

Source Book of World War II Basic Data - Airframe Industry. Volume 1. Direct Man-Hours - Progress Curves

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-01-01

10 󈧰^0 29.0 4.0 0.0 6S.0 10 44.0 10.0 4.0 0.0 92.0 7 VI .0 18.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 64.0 6 114.0 36.0 11.0 4.0 0.0 63.0 8 131.0...Fighter) Spares i o VI /o Va 78 80 73 69 81 88 88 Republic, Farmingdale P-I7 C.U. 135 293 549 738 873 945 1010 1015 1112 1148 1274 1404 1508 1312...Entire Plane 7702 7879 7592 7120 6721 6721 Unit Airframe Weight 7300 7300 7300’ 7300 7300 7300 *l •swh

A Crew Exposure Study. Phase II. Volume 2. At Sea. Part B.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-01

flange and was bol ted i n pl ace. o The bolts were tightened and the strap removed. A/B-1 and A/8-2 hooked up the hoses on the bottom level of the...expansion trunk dome. This method effectively increased the sepa- ration distance between the ullage port and breathing zone, which permit- ted vapors...1 Cm OCVIVI 0.. U " 06IV WUn VI LU 5L>>fl 0, 4-C~0 cmO (U 4n0 - sa CL UK. I C (A 0 4)UO-c 4 0C 1 0 CIE SI. (A viM t ( ofS- 0. 1 w 0 cL CL. U1.- ac

Linear solvation energy relationship of the limiting partition coefficient of organic solutes between water and activated carbon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Luehrs, Dean C.; Hickey, James P.; Nilsen, Peter E.; Godbole, K.A.; Rogers, Tony N.

1995-01-01

A linear solvation energy relationship has been found for 353 values of the limiting adsorption coefficients of diverse chemicals:  log K = −0.37 + 0.0341Vi − 1.07β + D + 0.65P with R = 0.951, s = 0.51, n = 353, and F = 818.0, where Vi is the intrinsic molar volume; β is a measure of the hydrogen bond acceptor strength of the solute; D is an index parameter for the research group which includes the effects of the different types of carbon used, the temperature, and the length of time allowed for the adsorption equilibrium to be established; and P is an index parameter for the flatness of the molecule. P is defined to be unity if there is an aromatic system in the molecule or if there is a double bond or series of conjugated double bonds with no more that one non-hydrogen atom beyond the double bond and zero otherwise. A slightly better fit is obtained if the two-thirds power of Vi is used as a measure of the surface area in place of the volume term:  log K = −1.75 + 0.227V2/3 − 1.10β + D + 0.60P with R = 0.954, s = 0.49, n = 353, and F = 895.39. This is the first quantitative measure of the effect of the shape of the molecule on its tendency to be adsorbed on activated carbon.

Coherent and incoherent phase stabilities of thermoelectric rocksalt IV-VI semiconductor alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doak, Jeff W.; Wolverton, C.

2012-10-01

Nanostructures formed by phase separation improve the thermoelectric figure of merit in lead chalcogenide semiconductor alloys, with coherent nanostructures giving larger improvements than incoherent nanostructures. However, large coherency strains in these alloys drastically alter the thermodynamics of phase stability. Incoherent phase stability can be easily inferred from an equilibrium phase diagram, but coherent phase stability is more difficult to assess experimentally. Therefore, we use density functional theory calculations to investigate the coherent and incoherent phase stability of the IV-VI rocksalt semiconductor alloy systems Pb(S,Te), Pb(Te,Se), Pb(Se,S), (Pb,Sn)Te, (Sn,Ge)Te, and (Ge,Pb)Te. Here we use the term coherent to indicate that there is a common and unbroken lattice between the phases under consideration, and we use the term incoherent to indicate that the lattices of coexisting phases are unconstrained and allowed to take on equilibrium volumes. We find that the thermodynamic ground state of all of the IV-VI pseudobinary systems studied is incoherent phase separation. We also find that the coherency strain energy, previously neglected in studies of these IV-VI alloys, is lowest along [111] (in contrast to most fcc metals) and is a large fraction of the thermodynamic driving force for incoherent phase separation in all systems. The driving force for coherent phase separation is significantly reduced, and we find that coherent nanostructures can only form at low temperatures where kinetics may prohibit their precipitation. Furthermore, by calculating the energies of ordered structures for these systems we find that the coherent phase stability of most IV-VI systems favors ordering over spinodal decomposition. Our results suggest that experimental reports of spinodal decomposition in the IV-VI rocksalt alloys should be re-examined.

Design of the first optical system for real-time tomographic holography (RTTH)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galeotti, John M.; Siegel, Mel; Rallison, Richard D.; Stetten, George

2008-08-01

The design of the first Real-Time-Tomographic-Holography (RTTH) optical system for augmented-reality applications is presented. RTTH places a viewpoint-independent real-time (RT) virtual image (VI) of an object into its actual location, enabling natural hand-eye coordination to guide invasive procedures, without requiring tracking or a head-mounted device. The VI is viewed through a narrow-band Holographic Optical Element (HOE) with built-in power that generates the largest possible near-field, in-situ VI from a small display chip without noticeable parallax error or obscuring direct view of the physical world. Rigidly fixed upon a medical-ultrasound probe, RTTH could show the scan in its actual location inside the patient, because the VI would move with the probe. We designed the image source along with the system-optics, allowing us to ignore both planer geometric distortions and field curvature, respectively compensated by using RT pre-processing software and attaching a custom-surfaced fiber-optic-faceplate (FOFP) to our image source. Focus in our fast, non-axial system was achieved by placing correcting lenses near the FOFP and custom-optically-fabricating our volume-phase HOE using a recording beam that was specially shaped by extra lenses. By simultaneously simulating and optimizing the system's playback performance across variations in both the total playback and HOE-recording optical systems, we derived and built a design that projects a 104x112 mm planar VI 1 m from the HOE using a laser-illuminated 19x16 mm LCD+FOFP image-source. The VI appeared fixed in space and well focused. Viewpoint-induced location errors were <3 mm, and unexpected first-order astigmatism produced 3 cm (3% of 1 m) ambiguity in depth, typically unnoticed by human observers.

A Phase 2 Trial on the Effect of Low-Dose versus High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mass in Adults with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

number/communicate to site coordinator N/A Task V.5 (mo 6-47): implement methods to educate/monitor participants on aspects of vit D3 and calcium...potential side effects of vit D3 supplementation CRFs for adverse event reporting have been developed and included in the protocols submitted for IRB...Task VI.3 (mo 6-47): document acceptance of storage sample in the CGRP database and vit D3 study database The process for storage of sample in the

Effects of umeclidinium/vilanterol on exercise endurance in COPD: a randomised study

PubMed Central

Kalberg, Chris J.; Donald, Alison; Lipson, David A.; Shoaib, Muhammad; Tombs, Lee

2018-01-01

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study assessed the effect of umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI) on exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT). Patients were randomised 1:1 to one of two treatment sequences: 1) UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg followed by placebo or 2) placebo followed by UMEC/VI 62.5/25 µg. Each treatment was taken once daily for 12 weeks. The primary end-point was 3-h post-dose exercise endurance time (EET) at week 12. Secondary end-points included trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and 3-h post-dose functional residual capacity (FRC), both at week 12. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score at week 12 was also assessed. UMEC/VI treatment did not result in a statistically significant improvement in EET change from baseline at week 12 versus placebo (p=0.790). However, improvements were observed in trough FEV1 (206 mL, 95% CI 167–246), 3-h post-dose FRC (−346 mL, 95% CI −487 to −204) and CAT score (−1.07 units, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.05) versus placebo at week 12. UMEC/VI did not result in improvements in EET at week 12 versus placebo, despite improvements in measures of lung function, hyperinflation and health status. PMID:29322050

Ventilation/perfusion SPECT/CT in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Evaluation of software-based analysing.

PubMed

Schreiter, V; Steffen, I; Huebner, H; Bredow, J; Heimann, U; Kroencke, T J; Poellinger, A; Doellinger, F; Buchert, R; Hamm, B; Brenner, W; Schreiter, N F

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of a new software based analysing system for ventilation/perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (V/P SPECT/CT) in patients with pulmonary emphysema and to compare it to the visual interpretation. 19 patients (mean age: 68.1 years) with pulmonary emphysema who underwent V/P SPECT/CT were included. Data were analysed by two independent observers in visual interpretation (VI) and by software based analysis system (SBAS). SBAS PMOD version 3.4 (Technologies Ltd, Zurich, Switzerland) was used to assess counts and volume per lung lobe/per lung and to calculate the count density per lung, lobe ratio of counts and ratio of count density. VI was performed using a visual scale to assess the mean counts per lung lobe. Interobserver variability and association for SBAS and VI were analysed using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Interobserver agreement correlated highly in perfusion (rho: 0.982, 0.957, 0.90, 0.979) and ventilation (rho: 0.972, 0.924, 0.941, 0.936) for count/count density per lobe and ratio of counts/count density in SBAS. Interobserver agreement correlated clearly for perfusion (rho: 0.655) and weakly for ventilation (rho: 0.458) in VI. SBAS provides more reproducible measures than VI for the relative tracer uptake in V/P SPECT/CTs in patients with pulmonary emphysema. However, SBAS has to be improved for routine clinical use.

Vandenberg Air Force Base integrated resource assessment. Volume 3, Resource assessment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daellenbach, K.K.; Dagle, J.E.; Dittmer, A.L.

1993-06-01

The US Air Force Space Command (SPACECOM) has tasked the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), as the lead laboratory supporting the US Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), to identify, evaluate, and assist in acquiring all cost-effective energy projects at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). This is part of a model program that PNL is designing to support energy-use decisions in the federal sector. This report provides the results of the fossil fuel and electric energy resource opportunity (ERO) assessments performed by PNL at the SPACECOM VAFB facility located approximately 50 miles northwest of Santa Barbara, California. Itmore » is a companion report to Volume 1, Executive Summary, and Volume 2, Baseline Detail. The results of the analysis of EROs are presented in ten common energy end-use categories (e.g., boilers and furnaces, service hot water, and building lighting). In addition, a case study of process loads at Space Launch Complex-4 (SLC-4) is included. A narrative description of each ERO is provided, including information on the installed cost, energy and dollar savings; impacts on operation and maintenance (O and M); and, when applicable, a discussion of energy supply and demand, energy security, and environmental issues. A description of the evaluation methodologies and technical and cost assumptions is also provided for each ERO. Summary tables present the cost-effectiveness of energy end-use equipment before and after the implementation of each ERO and present the results of the life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis indicating the net present value (NPV) and value index (VI) of each ERO. Finally, an appendix includes a summary of an economic analysis case study of the South Vandenberg Power Plant (SVPP) operating scenarios.« less

Kinetics modeling and reaction mechanism of ferrate(VI) oxidation of benzotriazoles.

PubMed

Yang, Bin; Ying, Guang-Guo; Zhang, Li-Juan; Zhou, Li-Jun; Liu, Shan; Fang, Yi-Xiang

2011-03-01

Benzotriazoles (BTs) are high production volume chemicals with broad application in various industrial processes and in households, and have been found to be omnipresent in aquatic environments. We investigated oxidation of five benzotriazoles (BT: 1H-benzotriazole; 5MBT: 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole; DMBT: 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole hydrate; 5CBT: 5-chloro-1H-benzotriazole; HBT: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole) by aqueous ferrate (Fe(VI)) to determine reaction kinetics as a function of pH (6.0-10.0), and interpreted the reaction mechanism of Fe(VI) with BTs by using a linear free-energy relationship. The pK(a) values of BT and DMBT were also determined using UV-Visible spectroscopic method in order to calculate the species-specific rate constants, and they were 8.37 ± 0.0 and 8.98 ± 0.08 respectively. Each of BTs reacted moderately with Fe(VI) with the k(app) ranged from 7.2 to 103.8 M(-1)s(-1) at pH 7.0 and 24 ± 1 °C. When the molar ratio of Fe(VI) and BTs increased up to 30:1, the removal rate of BTs reached about >95% in buffered milli-Q water or secondary wastewater effluent. The electrophilic oxidation mechanism of the above reaction was illustrated by using a linear free-energy relationship between pH-dependence of species-specific rate constants and substituent effects (σ(p)). Fe(VI) reacts initially with BTs by electrophilic attack at the 1,2,3-triazole moiety of BT, 5MBT, DMBT and 5CBT, and at the N-OH bond of HBT. Moreover, for BT, 5MBT, DMBT and 5CBT, the reactions with the species HFeO(4)(-) predominantly controled the reaction rates. For HBT, the species H(2)FeO(4) with dissociated HBT played a major role in the reaction. The results showed that Fe(VI) has the ability to degrade benzotriazoles in water. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Apical Transportation, Centering Ratio, and Volume Increase after Manual, Rotary, and Reciprocating Instrumentation in Curved Root Canals: Analysis by Micro-computed Tomographic and Digital Subtraction Radiography.

PubMed

Zanesco, Caroline; Só, Marcus Vinicius Reis; Schmidt, Sabrina; Fontanella, Vania Regina Camargo; Grazziotin-Soares, Renata; Barletta, Fernando Branco

2017-03-01

This study aimed to evaluate apical transportation (AT), centering ratio (CR), and volume increase (VI) produced after instrumentation of mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars with hand files, rotary, and reciprocating instruments using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) imaging and to demonstrate the ability of digital subtraction radiography (DSR) to evaluate AT. Forty-five canals were randomly assigned to either group K, manual K-files; PTN, ProTaper Next (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland); or Rec, Reciproc (n = 15 for each group) for preparation. Master apical files were #25, X2 (#25/06), and R25 (#25/08), respectively. Micro-CT imaging was used to measure AT (mm) and CR (mm) at 3 different locations (1, 4, and 7 mm from the apex). VI (mm 3 ) was measured for each root third and for the whole canal. DSR (mesiodistal and buccolingual projections) was used to measure AT at 1 mm from the apex. AT and CR values were statistically similar across the groups at 1, 4, and 7 mm. AT results obtained for the different locations were similar within each group; CR, in turn, showed statistically lower values at 1 mm. VI was statistically similar in all groups. Both DSR and micro-CT imaging showed that AT always occurred on the outside of canal curvature. The highest mean value obtained for AT was 0.215 mm. AT, CR, and VI were similar for the K, PTN, and Rec groups. AT results were clinically irrelevant. DSR was as effective as micro-CT imaging in AT analysis and could be considered as an alternative method for assessing this outcome. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Compromised Motor Planning and Motor Imagery in Right Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Craje, Celine; van Elk, Michiel; Beeren, Manuela; van Schie, Hein T.; Bekkering, Harold; Steenbergen, Bert

2010-01-01

We investigated whether motor planning problems in people with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy (HCP) are paralleled by impaired ability to use Motor Imagery (MI). While some studies have shown that individuals with HCP can solve a mental rotation task, it was not clear if they used MI or Visual Imagery (VI). In the present study, motor planning and MI…

FASCODE - Fast Atmospheric Signature Code (Spectral Transmittance and Radiance)

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-16

cA6 Approvued o ulcrlae distrnibuin nimtd I? OSTIUTIN TAEMNT(. te ~FrAc1aieW iRD ADDRES 10- iiON 1diE$@NT.t haul fl TASK VIS. dn IPLM nTAR viNOT...the Voigt line shape profile model discussed above. In addition, the Voigt model provides a proper treatment of the transition region at those

Development of a Charged-Particle Accumulator Using an RF Confinement Method VI

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-10

PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) University of Tokyo,7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku...Department of Physics 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 - Phone : 03-5841-4235 - Fax : 03-4496-4043 Period of Performance: 2/9/2009 – 3/8/2010

Higher Education Advocate. Volume VI, Number 1-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wechsler, Harold, Ed.

1989-01-01

Twelve issues of the National Education Association's (NEA) newsletter for NEA members in higher education focus on the following subjects: (1) NEA endorsement of Dukakis candidacy, and organizing at Southern Illinois University; (2) Dukakis STARS plan: a solid solution, and the Dukakis advantage; (3) the 100th Congress: praise from NEA, and the…

Iberian Spanish Function Catalog. Method for Determining Language Objectives and Criteria, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Setzler, Hubert H., Jr.; And Others

This Iberian Spanish Function Catalog presents sentences, phrases, and patterns organized by language functions and functional categories. This catalog is part of the communication/language objectives-based system (C/LOBS), which supports the front-end analysis efforts of the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center. The C/LOBS project,…

Statements Relating to the Impact of Technological Change. Technology and the American Economy, Appendix, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Commission on Technology, Automation and Economic Progress, Washington, DC.

Forty-seven statements by industrial and business spokesmen, union and association representatives, and professors concern the broad impact of technological change on individuals, establishments, and society in general. Some of the longer presentations are (1) "The Poverty and Unemployment Crisis," by Walter Buckingham, (2) "Technological…

40 CFR 63.3511 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e... in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e)(3); the calculation of the total volume of coating... CPMS certification or audit. (vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for zero...

40 CFR 63.3511 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e... in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e)(3); the calculation of the total volume of coating... CPMS certification or audit. (vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for zero...

Learn Japanese: Secondary School Text, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hasegawa, Nobuko; And Others

This is the sixth in a series of ten texts designed for teaching Japanese at the secondary level. Also available are supplementary instructional materials and teacher's guides. Throughout the two units of four lessons each, the theme centers around life in Japan as seen through the eyes of an American student. Each unit contains conversations,…

The Landscape of Qualitative Research. Third Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denzin, Norman K., Ed.; Lincoln, Yvonna, Ed.

2007-01-01

This book, the first volume of the paperback versions of the "The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, Third Edition," takes a look at the field from a broadly theoretical perspective, and is composed of the Handbook's Parts I ("Locating the Field"), II ("Major Paradigms and Perspectives"), and VI ("The Future of Qualitative Research"). "The…

Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 53, Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-01

Greenland t80/ tain regions: the case study of the Ritigraben tor-Chepyzhenko, V.I., Lautin, L.M., 160 ice core records and North Atlantic foramin - rent...recent planktic foramin - models, Computerized simulation 53-1858 ifera and water mass properties in the western 53-1851 Antarctic Treaty exchange of

Field Fortification Test Exercise Desert Rock VI. Project 8-12-75-001

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

tively opxei were subjeosted to p•: essures .f approximatly the same magnitude, rise time, and duration as recorded oi the outside. Structures with...differences in these p- essure -time histories can be attributed to the combined effects of the blast door and the entrance area-shelter volume ratio. SThese

Focus: A Forum on Teaching and Learning in Utah Community Colleges, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carpenter, Don A., Ed.

1987-01-01

This issue of "Focus" includes nine essays addressing various concerns related to curriculum, theory, research, teaching strategies, student and faculty issues, and other matters pertinent to the Utah community colleges. The issue contains: (1) "Comment: Making Quality 'Job One' in the Community College," by Don A. Carpenter;…

Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research. Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smart, John C., Ed.

Eleven papers on theory and research in higher education have the following titles and authors: "A Paradigm for Research on Higher Education" (William F. Massy); "Minority Student Access to, and Persistence and Performance in College: A Review of the Trends and Research Literature" (Shirley L. Mow and Michael T. Nettles);…

Automation Applications in an Advanced Air Traffic Management System : Volume 3. Methodology for Man-Machine Task Allocation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 3 describes the methodology for man-machine task allocation. It contains a description of man and machine performance capabilities and an explanation of the methodology employed to allocate tasks to human or automated resources. It also presen...

Stabilisation and dewatering of primary sludge using ferrate(VI) pre-treatment followed by freeze-thaw in simulated drainage beds.

PubMed

Diak, James; Örmeci, Banu

2018-06-15

This study evaluated the ability of potassium ferrate(VI) and freeze-thaw to stabilise and dewater primary sludge. Potassium ferrate(VI) additions of 0.5 and 5.0 g/L were used as a pre-treatment prior to freeze-thaw. Samples were frozen at -10, -20 and -30 °C, and were kept frozen for 1, 8 and 15 days. The samples were subsequently thawed at room temperature in a setup which allowed meltwater to be separated from the sludge cake via gravity drainage. The meltwater was characterised in terms of fecal coliform, soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates, pH and turbidity. The sludge cake was characterised in terms of fecal coliform, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS). Freeze-thaw with gravity meltwater drainage reduced the sludge volume by up to 79%. After being frozen for only 1 day, the concentrations of fecal coliform in many of the primary sludge samples were reduced to <1000 MPN/g dry solids (DS), representing >3-log inactivation in some cases. However, pre-treatment of the primary sludge with ≤5.0 g/L potassium ferrate(VI) resulted in significant increases in soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrates, and sCOD, and reduced the effectiveness of stand-alone freeze-thaw. Follow-up experiments using higher doses ranging from 5.1 to 24.9 g/L of potassium ferrate(VI) demonstrated that >5-log inactivation of fecal coliform in raw primary sludge can be achieved within 15 min using 15 g/L of potassium ferrate(VI), and the resulting concentration of fecal coliform in the sludge was 1023 MPN/g DS. Pre-treatment with 22.0 g/L of potassium ferrate(VI), followed by freeze-thaw, with only 3 days frozen, reduced the concentration of fecal coliform to below the detection limit in the meltwater and the sludge cake. This demonstrates that potassium ferrate(VI) and freeze-thaw offers the flexibility to adjust the ferrate(VI) dose to meet treatment requirements for land application, and can be used as a stand-alone sludge treatment technology for primary sludge that achieves both treatment and dewatering. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Autonomic Correlates of Speech Versus Nonspeech Tasks in Children and Adults

PubMed Central

Arnold, Hayley S.; MacPherson, Megan K.; Smith, Anne

2015-01-01

Purpose To assess autonomic arousal associated with speech and nonspeech tasks in school-age children and young adults. Method Measures of autonomic arousal (electrodermal level, electrodermal response amplitude, blood pulse volume, and heart rate) were recorded prior to, during, and after the performance of speech and nonspeech tasks by twenty 7- to 9-year-old children and twenty 18- to 22-year-old adults. Results Across age groups, autonomic arousal was higher for speech tasks compared with nonspeech tasks, based on peak electrodermal response amplitude and blood pulse volume. Children demonstrated greater relative arousal, based on heart rate and blood pulse volume, for nonspeech oral motor tasks than adults but showed similar mean arousal levels for speech tasks as adults. Children demonstrated sex differences in autonomic arousal; specifically, autonomic arousal remained high for school-age boys but not girls in a more complex open-ended narrative task that followed a simple sentence production task. Conclusions Speech tasks elicit greater autonomic arousal than nonspeech tasks, and children demonstrate greater autonomic arousal for nonspeech oral motor tasks than adults. Sex differences in autonomic arousal associated with speech tasks in school-age children are discussed relative to speech-language differences between boys and girls. PMID:24686989

Presentations at the Tri-Service Cloud Modeling Workshop (2nd), Held at the Naval Surface Weapons Center, White Oak, Maryland, 26-27 June 1984. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

produce even the most basic binary cloud data and methodologies needed to support the evaluation programs." In view of this recognized deficiency, the...There was an exchange of information with non - DoD agencies, with presentations made by NASA and NOAA (see pp. 537, 569). A brief report by the steering...on cloud data bases and methodologies for users. To achieve these actions requires explicit support. *See classified supplementary volume. vi CONTENTS

Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Annex to Volume 3. Tabular Results from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study for Coast Guard Service Members

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

SEXUAL ASSAULT AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN THE U.S. MILITARY Annex to Volume 3. Tabular Results from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study for... Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Top-Line Estimates for Active-Duty Service Members from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study • Sexual ...Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Military: Top-Line Estimates for Active-Duty Coast Guard Members from the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study vi

History of cigarette smoking in cognitively-normal elders is associated with elevated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of oxidative stress.

PubMed

Durazzo, Timothy C; Mattsson, Niklas; Weiner, Michael W; Korecka, Magdalena; Trojanowski, John Q; Shaw, Leslie M

2014-09-01

Cigarette smoking in adults is associated with abnormalities in brain neurobiology. Smoking-induced central nervous system oxidative stress (OxS) is a potential mechanism associated with these abnormalities. The goal of this study was to compare cognitively-normal elders on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of F2-isoprostane biomarkers of OxS. Elders with a lifetime history of smoking (smokers; n=50; 75±5 years of age; 34±28 pack-years; approximately 12% were actively smoking at the time of study) were compared to never-smokers (n=61; 76±6 years of age) on CSF iPF2α-III and 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI F2-isoprostanes levels. F2-isoprostanes levels were quantitated with HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between F2-isoprostanes levels, hippocampal volumes, and cigarette exposure measures were also evaluated. Smokers showed higher iPF2α-III level than never-smokers. An age×smoking status interaction was observed for 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI, where smokers demonstrate a significantly greater concentration with increasing age than never-smokers. In smokers only, higher 8,12, iso-iPF2α-VI concentration was associated with smaller hippocampal volume, and greater iPF2α-III level was related to greater pack years. This is the first study to demonstrate that a history of cigarette smoking in cognitively-normal elders was associated with significantly elevated CSF F2-isoprostane levels and greater age-related increases in F2-isoprostanes, and that higher F2-isoprostane levels in smokers were related to smaller hippocampal volume. These findings provide additional novel evidence that a history of chronic smoking during adulthood is associated with adverse effects on the human brain that are potentially enduring even with extended smoking cessation. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collisions, Task 1 Vol. III: 1991 NASS CDS Case Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-15

This report is from the NHTSA sponsored program, "IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collisions". The Task 1 Interim Report consists of six volumes. This Volume, Volume III, 1991 NASS CDS Clinical Case Analysis presents the results of a clinical case ...

Optical properties of fly ash. Volume 1, Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Self, S.A.

1994-12-01

Research performed under this contract was divided into four tasks under the following headings: Task 1, Characterization of fly ash; Task 2, Measurements of the optical constants of slags; Task 3, Calculations of the radiant properties of fly ash dispersions; and Task 4, Measurements of the radiant properties of fly ash dispersions. Tasks 1 and 4 constituted the Ph.D. research topic of Sarbajit Ghosal, while Tasks 2 and 3 constituted the Ph.D. research topic of Jon Ebert. Together their doctoral dissertations give a complete account of the work performed. This final report, issued in two volumes consists of an executivemore » summary of the whole program followed by the dissertation of Ghosal. Volume 1 contains the dissertation of Ghosal which covers the characterization of fly ash and the measurements of the radiant properties of fly ash dispersions. A list of publications and conference presentations resulting from the work is also included.« less

IVHS Countermeasures for Rear-End Collision, Task 1 Vol. V: 1985 NASS Case Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-15

The Task 1 Interim Report consists of six volumes. This Volume, Volume V, 1985 NASS Analysis, presents the results of the analysis of the 1985 NASS crash data. Data from 1985 was selected for analysis because it provided more insight into roadway var...

RCOF in European region: current status and future perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hovsepyan, A.

2010-09-01

Regional Climate Outlook Forums are a key component of WMO WCASP/CLIPS activities. The RCOF process pioneered in Africa in late 1990s, since then it spread worldwide, and at present climate outlook forums are being conducted nearly in all regions all over the world. The RCOF brings together experts from a climatologically homogeneous region and provides consensus based climate prediction and information, which has critical socio-economic significance. This information has been applied to reducing climate-related risks and supporting sustainable development. The RCOF process has facilitated a better understanding of the links between the past, current and future evolution of the climate system and its consequences for Members' socio-economic activities. RCOFs have greatly enhanced interactions and exchange of information between providers and users of climate information. In addition, RCOFs contribute substantially to training and capacity building in the regions targeted at. In RA VI the RCOF process was launched in 2008. The South-East European Climate Outlook Forum (SEECOF) mechanism covers mainly countries of South East Europe and Caucasus. Two SEECOFs have been successfully conducted in 2008 and 2009: SEECOF-I took place in Zagreb/Croatia in June 2008 and SEECOF-II was hosted by Hungary, Budapest, in November 2009. SEECOF-III was held as an online COF. Nevertheless, the RCOF mechanism in RA VI still needs substantial support in order to strengthen the process, to better involve the participating countries and users, to sharpen the communication of the consensus forecasts to build trust amongst the user communities, and most importantly to achieve sustainability, which is one of the priority tasks of the RAVI Working Group on Climate and Hydrology (WG CH). Through the Task Team on Regional Climate Outlook Forums (TT RCOF) the WG CH has taken responsibility for the co-ordination of the RCOF process in RA VI, in order to extend it to other parts of RA VI region, strengthen climate change section in the SEECOF, to better involve the participating countries and users, to sharpen the communication of the consensus forecasts in order to build trust amongst the user communities, and most importantly to achieve sustainability of RCOF in Europe.

Ventilatory response to the onset of passive and active exercise in human subjects.

PubMed

Miyamura, M; Ishida, K; Yasuda, Y

1992-01-01

Ventilatory responses at the onset of passive and active exercise with different amount of exercising muscle mass were studied in 10 healthy male subjects. Four exercise tests were performed for each subject with appropriate intervals on the same day, i.e., two voluntary exercises of one leg or both legs and two passive exercises of one leg or both legs. Inspiratory minute volume (VI), end-tidal CO2 and O2 partial pressures (PETCO2, PETO2) were measured breath-by-breath using a hot-wire flowmeter, infrared CO2 analyzer, and a rapid O2 analyzer. Average values of VI were obtained from 5 breaths at rest preceding exercise and the first and second breaths after the onset of exercise. The ventilatory response to exercise was calculated as the difference (delta) between the mean of exercise VI and mean of resting VI. In this study, the PETCO2 decreased by about 0.5 Torr in four exercise tests, though the decrement of PETCO2 was not statistically significant. The average values and standard deviation of delta VI were 4.22 +/- 1.63 l/min for the one leg and 6.46 +/- 1.80 l/min for the two legs in the active exercise, and were 2.46 +/- 1.12 l/min for the one leg and 3.44 +/- 1.55 l/min for the two legs in the passive exercise, respectively. These results suggest that in awake conditions, the ventilatory response at the onset of passive or active exercise does not increase additively with the increasing amount of muscle mass being exercised.

Enhanced adsorption of chromium onto activated carbon by microwave-assisted H(3)PO(4) mixed with Fe/Al/Mn activation.

PubMed

Sun, Yuanyuan; Yue, Qinyan; Mao, Yanpeng; Gao, Baoyu; Gao, Yuan; Huang, Lihui

2014-01-30

FeCl3, AlCl3 and MnCl2 were used as the assisted activation agent in activated carbon preparation by H3PO4 activation using microwave heating method. The physico-chemical properties of activated carbons were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, Boehm's titration, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To investigate the adsorption performances of chromium onto these newly developed activated carbons, a batch of experiments were performed under different adsorption conditions: solution pH, initial Cr(VI) ion concentration, contact time and co-existing ions. The results suggested that carbon with MnCl2 as assisted activation agent displayed the highest BET surface area (1332m(2)/g) and the highest pore volume (1.060cm(3)/g). FeCl3, AlCl3 and MnCl2 had successfully improved Cr(VI) adsorption and activated carbon with FeCl3 as assisted activation agent exhibited the best uptake capacity. To study the transformation of Cr(VI) in adsorption process, total chromium in the aqueous solution was also recorded. The ratio of the amount of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) on each adsorbent was explained by XPS analysis results. Both the co-existing salts (Na2SO4 and NaNO3) demonstrated promoted effects on Cr(VI) removal by four carbons. The pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich equation displayed a good correlation with adsorption data. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bioremediation of chromium by novel strains Enterobacter aerogenes T2 and Acinetobacter sp. PD 12 S2.

PubMed

Panda, Jigisha; Sarkar, Priyabrata

2012-06-01

This study had an objective to identify the most potent chromium-resistant bacteria isolated from tannery effluent and apply them for bioremediation of chromium in tannery effluents. Two such strains (previously characterized and identified by us)--Enterobacter aerogenes (NCBI GenBank USA Accession no. GU265554) and Acinetobacter sp. PD 12 (NCBI GenBank USA Accession no. GU084179)--showed powerful chromium resistivity and bioremediation capabilities among many stains isolated from tannery waste. Parameters such as pH, concentration of hexavalent chromium or Cr (VI), and inoculum volume were varied to observe optimum bioconversion and bioaccumulation of Cr (VI) when the said strains were grown in M9 minimal salt media. E. aerogenes was used to remediate chromium from tannery effluents in a laboratory level experiment. Observation by Scanning Electron Microscope and chromium peak in Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic microanalysis revealed that E. aerogenes helped remediate a moderate amount of Cr (VI) (8-16 mg L(-1)) over a wide range of pH values at 35-37°C (within 26.05 h). High inoculum percentage of Acinetobacter sp. PD 12 also enabled bioremediation of 8-16 mg L(-1) of Cr (VI) over a wide range of temperature (25-37°C), mainly at pH 7 (within 63.28 h). The experiment with real tannery effluent gave very encouraging results. The strain E. aerogenes can be used in bioremediation of Cr (VI) since it could work in actual environmental conditions with extraordinarily high capacity.

Guidance, Navigation and Control Digital Emulation Technology Laboratory. Volume 1. Part 2. Task 1: Digital Emulation Technology Laboratory

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-27

AD-A241 692 II I] II I11 ANNUAL REPORT VOLUME 1 PART 2 TASK 1: DIGITAL EMULATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATOIRY REPORT NO. AR-0142-91-001 September 27, 1991... DIGITAL EMULATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY Contract No. DASG60-89-C-0142 Sponsored By The United States Army ? trategic Defense Command COMPUTER...ANNUAL REPORT VOLUME 1 PART 2 TASK 1: DIGITAL EMULATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY September 27, 1991 Authors Thomas R. Collins and Stephen R. Wachtel

Marine Air Ground Task Force Distribution In The Battlespace

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

benefit of this research is a proposed systemic structure with an associated web application that provides the MAGTF commander with critical...associated web application that provides the MAGTF commander with critical information for supporting operations. vi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK... web analytics in order to support the decision making process. The potential benefit of this research is a methodology with associated application

The Effects of 12 Hours of Low-Grade Hypoxia at 10,000 ft at Night in Special Operations Forces Aircraft Operations on Cognition, Night Vision, Goggle Vision and Subjective Symptoms

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-28

SUBJECTS 7 DURATION 7 DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT 7 COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE BATTERY 8 WORK LOAD 10 VISUAL...Once During the Experimental Session vi LIST OF...shared performance on several sub tasks under experimenter manipulated workload conditions such as monitoring of dials and displays with dynamic

Assessing the Use of Game-Based Exercises in the Staff Attack-the-Network Course

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

B-1 vi CONTENTS (continued) Page LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1. EDGE PLAYER AVATAR ...players to control an in-game avatar (see Figure 1), navigate terrain, and use vehicles, 3 equipment, and tools for a variety of social-cultural task... Avatar . Figure 2. EDGE Operational Environment. Method The basic methodology consisted of collecting pre-test and post-test knowledge

Occupational Exposure to Chromium of Assembly Workers in Aviation Industries.

PubMed

Genovese, G; Castiglia, L; Pieri, M; Novi, C; d'Angelo, R; Sannolo, N; Lamberti, M; Miraglia, N

2015-01-01

Aircraft are constructed by modules that are covered by a "primer" layer, which can often contain hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], known carcinogen to humans. While the occupational exposure to Cr(VI) during aircraft painting is ascertained, the exposure assessment of assembly workers (assemblers) requires investigations. Three biological monitoring campaigns (BM-I,II,III) were performed in an aviation industry, on homogeneous groups of assemblers (N = 43) and controls (N = 23), by measuring chromium concentrations in end-shift urine collected at the end of the working week and the chromium concentration difference between end- and before-shift urines. BM-I was conducted on full-time workers, BM-II was performed on workers after a 3-4 day absence from work, BM-III on workers using ecoprimers with lower Cr(VI) content. Samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and mean values were compared by T-test. Even if Cr concentrations measured during BM-I were lower than Biological Exposure Indices by ACGIH, statistically significant differences were found between urinary Cr concentrations of workers and controls. Despite 3-4 days of absence from work, urinary chromium concentrations measured during BM-II were still higher than references from nonoccupationally exposed populations. In the BM-III campaign, the obtained preliminary results suggested the efficacy of using ecoprimers. The healthcare of workers exposed to carcinogenic agents follows the principle of limiting the exposure to "the minimum technically possible". The obtained results evidence that assemblers of aviation industries, whose task does not involve the direct use of primers containing Cr(VI), show an albeit slight occupational exposure to Cr(VI), that must be carefully taken into consideration in planning suitable prevention measures during risk assessment and management processes.

Role of 3D power Doppler ultrasound in the further characterization of suspicious breast masses.

PubMed

Kupeli, Ali; Kul, Sibel; Eyuboglu, Ilker; Oguz, Sukru; Mungan, Sevdegul

2016-01-01

To investigate effectiveness of vascular indices obtained with 3D power Doppler ultrasound in the further characterization of breast masses and prevention of unnecessary biopsies. Between April 2013 and March 2014, 109 patients (age range, 17-85 years; mean age, 47 years) with 117 radiologically or clinically suspicious breast masses were prospectively evaluated with 3DPDUS before biopsy. Mass volume (MV), vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were calculated using Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL) software and they were correlated with the final diagnosis. Cutoff values of vascular indices were determinated and diagnostic efficacy was calculated with receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. All vascular indices, age of patients and tumor volume were significantly lower in benign masses compared with malignant ones (p<0.001). AUCs were 0.872, 0.867 and 0.789 for VI, VFI and FI, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of VI (for cutoff 1.1; 83% sensitivity, 82% specificity and 82% accuracy) and VFI (for cutoff 0.4; 80% sensitivity, 83% specificity and 80% accuracy) were significantly higher than FI (for cutoff 33,9; 73% sensitivity, 69% specificity and 71% accuracy). It was found that with the use of vascular indices of 3DPDUS in the further characterization of suspicious breast masses between 24% to 37% of unnecessary biopsies could have been avoided. The vascular indices obtained with 3DPDUS seem reliable in the further characterization of suspicious breast masses and might be used to decrease unnecessary biopsies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advanced transportation system studies technical area 3: Alternate propulsion subsystem concepts, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levak, Daniel

1993-01-01

The Alternate Propulsion Subsystem Concepts contract had five tasks defined for the first year. The tasks were: F-1A Restart Study, J-2S Restart Study, Propulsion Database Development, Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Upper Stage Use, and CER's for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. The detailed study results, with the data to support the conclusions from various analyses, are being reported as a series of five separate Final Task Reports. Consequently, this volume only reports the required programmatic information concerning Computer Aided Design Documentation, and New Technology Reports. A detailed Executive Summary, covering all the tasks, is also available as Volume 1.

An Exploratory Study of Women in the Health Professions Schools. Volume VI: Women in Optometry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Urban and Rural Systems Associates, San Francisco, CA.

In an exploratory study conducted for the Women's Action Program of HEW, the aims were to identify and explore the barriers to success that women face as MODVOPPP (Medicine, Osteopathic medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary medicine, Optometry, Podiatry, Pharmacy, and Public health) school applicants and students and to describe the discrimination…

Contemporary American Success Stories: Famous People of Hispanic Heritage. Volume VI. A Mitchell Lane Multicultral Biography Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1997

The term "Hispanic" is an umbrella term that encompasses people from many nationalities, all races, and many social and cultural groups. Hispanics are also collectively called Latinos. The biographies in this series represent the diversity of Hispanic heritage in the United States. The people featured are contemporary figures of…

Review of Army Officer Educational System. Volume 1. Summary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-12-01

13-5 V. StaffingGuide. . . . . . . . .. 13-6 VI. Academic Facilities .................. 13-9 VII. Educational Innovations . . . . . .... . 13-10 14...report does not lean heavily on statistical support. It gives references, research, and statistical data only when essential to validity, accuracy, or...Leadership, History, Interbranch and Interservice Education , Facilities , Regulations, Staffing Guide, Educational Innovations Chapter 14 - Concluding

Reference Manual, Background Materials for the CONUS Volumes,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-25

operating cathode tube. He demonstrated that invisible rays emanating from the cathode tube were responsible for darken- ing the film. He called these...N 141 - - -. , * -.. *** *** ~ .*.( .*~- - ’.- - * -.-. - -. APPENDIX B (continued) AM n i in vi U% V’ I-I- 4 i nCA 4 CA le3 i 3 A .US w4 w’ . a L" P

17 CFR 229.901 - (Item 901) Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et seq.) or any Business Development Company as defined in...-month period and a six-month minimum average daily trading volume of 1,000 shares; (vi) A transaction in... under state law for managing or directing the management of the business and affairs of a partnership...

BASIC Simulation Programs; Volumes V and VI. Social Studies, Teacher Assistance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Digital Equipment Corp., Maynard, MA.

Five computer programs which teach concepts and processes related to social studies (in the main, economics) are presented. The subjects of the programs are the distinction between balance of trade and balance of payments; installment buying, loan payments, and savings accounts; flow of goods, services, and money between business and the consumer;…

Nondestructive Testing Eddy Current Basic Principles RQA/M1-5330.12 (V-I).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center.

As one in the series of programmed instruction handbooks, prepared by the U.S. space program, home study material is presented in this volume concerning familiarization and orientation on basic eddy current principles. The subject is presented under the following headings: Basic Eddy Current Concepts, Eddy Current Generation and Distribution,…

Influence of intracervical and intravaginal seminal plasma on the endometrium in assisted reproduction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.

PubMed

Mayer, R B; Ebner, T; Yaman, C; Hartl, J; Sir, A; Krain, V; Oppelt, P; Shebl, O

2015-02-01

To investigate the effect of intracervical and intravaginal application of seminal plasma on the endometrium, as assessed by endometrial/subendometrial vascularization and endometrial volume between the day of oocyte retrieval and the day of embryo transfer in an in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycle. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study including patients undergoing a first or second IVF/ICSI cycle. Homologous seminal plasma or placebo (sodium chloride) was injected into the cervix and posterior vaginal fornix just after follicle aspiration. Three-dimensional power Doppler examination was performed 30 min before oocyte retrieval and 30 min before embryo transfer. Main outcome measures were changes in vascularization flow index (VFI), flow index (FI) and vascularization index (VI) of the endometrium/subendometrium using VOCAL™ (Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis) and endometrial volume. One hundred patients agreed to participate in the study. Twenty-three patients were excluded, mainly as a result of canceled embryo transfer. Data were analyzed from 40 patients receiving seminal plasma and 37 receiving placebo. No significant differences between the two groups were seen in VFI, FI or VI of the endometrium or subendometrium or in endometrial volume on the day of oocyte pick-up and on the day of embryo transfer. Neither endometrial/subendometrial vascularization parameters nor endometrial volume seem to be affected by the application of seminal plasma in patients undergoing their first or second IVF/ICSI cycle. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Removal of Cr(VI) from Water Using a New Reactive Material: Magnesium Oxide Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron

PubMed Central

Siciliano, Alessio

2016-01-01

The chromium pollution of water is an important environmental and health issue. Cr(VI) removal by means of metallic iron is an attractive method. Specifically, nanoscopic zero valent iron (NZVI) shows great reactivity, however, its applicability needs to be further investigated. In the present paper, NZVI was supported on MgO grains to facilitate the treatments for remediation of chromium-contaminated waters. The performances and mechanisms of the developed composite, in the removal of hexavalent chromium, were investigated by means of batch and continuous tests. Kinetic studies, under different operating conditions, showed that reduction of Cr(VI) could be expressed by a pseudo second-order reaction kinetic. The reaction rate increased with the square of Fe(0) amount, while it was inversely proportional to the initial chromium concentration. The process performance was satisfactory also under uncontrolled pH, and a limited influence of temperature was observed. The reactive material was efficiently reusable for many cycles without any regeneration treatment. The performances in continuous tests were close to 97% for about 80 pore volume of reactive material. PMID:28773785

Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Green Tea Polyphenols and Green Tea Nano Zero-Valent Iron (GT-nZVI).

PubMed

Chrysochoou, M; Reeves, K

2017-03-01

This study reports on the direct reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] by green tea polyphenols, including a green tea solution and pure epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) solution. A linear trend was observed between the amount of reduced Cr(VI) and the amount of added polyphenols. The green tea solution showed a continued decrease in the observed stoichiometry with increasing pH, from a maximum of 1.4 mol per gallic acid equivalent (GAE) of green tea at pH 2.5, to 0.2 mol/GAE at pH 8.8. The EGCG solution exhibited different behavior, with a maximum stoichiometry of 2 at pH 7 and minimum of 1.6 at pH 4.4 and 8.9. When green tea was used to first react with Fe 3+ and form GT-nZVI, the amount of Cr(VI) reduced by a certain volume of GT-nZVI was double compared to green tea, and 6 times as high considering that GT-nZVI only contains 33 % green tea.

Removal of Cr(VI) from Water Using a New Reactive Material: Magnesium Oxide Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron.

PubMed

Siciliano, Alessio

2016-08-06

The chromium pollution of water is an important environmental and health issue. Cr(VI) removal by means of metallic iron is an attractive method. Specifically, nanoscopic zero valent iron (NZVI) shows great reactivity, however, its applicability needs to be further investigated. In the present paper, NZVI was supported on MgO grains to facilitate the treatments for remediation of chromium-contaminated waters. The performances and mechanisms of the developed composite, in the removal of hexavalent chromium, were investigated by means of batch and continuous tests. Kinetic studies, under different operating conditions, showed that reduction of Cr(VI) could be expressed by a pseudo second-order reaction kinetic. The reaction rate increased with the square of Fe(0) amount, while it was inversely proportional to the initial chromium concentration. The process performance was satisfactory also under uncontrolled pH, and a limited influence of temperature was observed. The reactive material was efficiently reusable for many cycles without any regeneration treatment. The performances in continuous tests were close to 97% for about 80 pore volume of reactive material.

Effects of VR system fidelity on analyzing isosurface visualization of volume datasets.

PubMed

Laha, Bireswar; Bowman, Doug A; Socha, John J

2014-04-01

Volume visualization is an important technique for analyzing datasets from a variety of different scientific domains. Volume data analysis is inherently difficult because volumes are three-dimensional, dense, and unfamiliar, requiring scientists to precisely control the viewpoint and to make precise spatial judgments. Researchers have proposed that more immersive (higher fidelity) VR systems might improve task performance with volume datasets, and significant results tied to different components of display fidelity have been reported. However, more information is needed to generalize these results to different task types, domains, and rendering styles. We visualized isosurfaces extracted from synchrotron microscopic computed tomography (SR-μCT) scans of beetles, in a CAVE-like display. We ran a controlled experiment evaluating the effects of three components of system fidelity (field of regard, stereoscopy, and head tracking) on a variety of abstract task categories that are applicable to various scientific domains, and also compared our results with those from our prior experiment using 3D texture-based rendering. We report many significant findings. For example, for search and spatial judgment tasks with isosurface visualization, a stereoscopic display provides better performance, but for tasks with 3D texture-based rendering, displays with higher field of regard were more effective, independent of the levels of the other display components. We also found that systems with high field of regard and head tracking improve performance in spatial judgment tasks. Our results extend existing knowledge and produce new guidelines for designing VR systems to improve the effectiveness of volume data analysis.

Position versus force control: using the 2-DOF robotic ankle trainer to assess ankle's motor control.

PubMed

Farjadian, Amir B; Nabian, Mohsen; Hartman, Amber; Corsino, Johnathan; Mavroidis, Constantinos; Holden, Maureen K

2014-01-01

An estimated of 2,000,000 acute ankle sprains occur annually in the United States. Furthermore, ankle disabilities are caused by neurological impairments such as traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and stroke. The virtually interfaced robotic ankle and balance trainer (vi-RABT) was introduced as a cost-effective platform-based rehabilitation robot to improve overall ankle/balance strength, mobility and control. The system is equipped with 2 degrees of freedom (2-DOF) controlled actuation along with complete means of angle and torque measurement mechanisms. Vi-RABT was used to assess ankle strength, flexibility and motor control in healthy human subjects, while playing interactive virtual reality games on the screen. The results suggest that in the task with 2-DOF, subjects have better control over ankle's position vs. force.

Advanced transportation system studies technical area 3: Alternate propulsion subsystem concepts, volume 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levak, Daniel

1993-01-01

The objective of this contract was to provide definition of alternate propulsion systems for both earth-to-orbit (ETO) and in-space vehicles (upper stages and space transfer vehicles). For such propulsion systems, technical data to describe performance, weight, dimensions, etc. was provided along with programmatic information such as cost, schedule, needed facilities, etc. Advanced technology and advanced development needs were determined and provided. This volume separately presents the various program cost estimates that were generated under three tasks: the F-1A Restart Task, the J-2S Restart Task, and the SSME Upper Stage Use Task. The conclusions, technical results, and the program cost estimates are described in more detail in Volume 1 - Executive Summary and in individual Final Task Reports.

Advanced Transportation System Studies. Technical Area 3: Alternate Propulsion Subsystems Concepts. Volume 3; Program Cost Estimates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levack, Daniel J. H.

2000-01-01

The objective of this contract was to provide definition of alternate propulsion systems for both earth-to-orbit (ETO) and in-space vehicles (upper stages and space transfer vehicles). For such propulsion systems, technical data to describe performance, weight, dimensions, etc. was provided along with programmatic information such as cost, schedule, needed facilities, etc. Advanced technology and advanced development needs were determined and provided. This volume separately presents the various program cost estimates that were generated under three tasks: the F- IA Restart Task, the J-2S Restart Task, and the SSME Upper Stage Use Task. The conclusions, technical results , and the program cost estimates are described in more detail in Volume I - Executive Summary and in individual Final Task Reports.

Driver Education Task Analysis. Volume I: Task Descriptions. Final Report (August 1969-July 1970).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKnight, A. James; Adams, Bert B.

This resource guide is the first of a 4-volume report dealing with the development of driver education objectives through an analysis of the driver's task. Included are a detailed description of the behaviors required of passenger car drivers, rated criticalities of these behaviors, and items of supporting information relating to driver…

Speciation of chromium in environmental samples by dual electromembrane extraction system followed by high performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Safari, Meysam; Nojavan, Saeed; Davarani, Saied Saeed Hosseiny; Morteza-Najarian, Amin

2013-07-30

This study proposes the dual electromembrane extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography for selective separation-preconcentration of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in different environmental samples. The method was based on the electrokinetic migration of chromium species toward the electrodes with opposite charge into the two different hollow fibers. The extractant was then complexed with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate for HPLC analysis. The effects of analytical parameters including pH, type of organic solvent, sample volume, stirring rate, time of extraction and applied voltage were investigated. The results showed that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be simultaneously extracted into the two different hollow fibers. Under optimized conditions, the analytes were quantified by HPLC instrument, with acceptable linearity ranging from 20 to 500 μg L(-1) (R(2) values≥0.9979), and repeatability (RSD) ranging between 9.8% and 13.7% (n=5). Also, preconcentration factors of 21.8-33 that corresponded to recoveries ranging from 31.1% to 47.2% were achieved for Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively. The estimated detection limits (S/N ratio of 3:1) were less than 5.4 μg L(-1). Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to determine Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in some real water samples. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-dimensional ultrasonography and power Doppler for discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

PubMed

El-Sharkawy, Mohamed; El-Mazny, Akmal; Ramadan, Wafaa; Hatem, Dina; Abdel-Hafiz, Aly; Hammam, Mohamed; Nada, Adel

2016-03-16

Ultrasonography has been extensively used in women suspected of having a gynecological malignancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3D ultrasonography and power Doppler for discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. This cross-sectional study included 78 premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding scheduled for hysteroscopy and endometrial curettage. The endometrial thickness (ET), uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI), and endometrial volume (EV) and 3D power Doppler vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) were measured and compared with hysteroscopic and histopathologic findings. The ET (P <0.001), EV (P <0.001), and endometrial VI (P <0.001) and VFI (P = 0.043) were significantly increased in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma (n = 10) than those with benign endometrium (n = 68); whereas, the uterine artery PI and RI and endometrial FI were not significantly different between the two groups. The best marker for discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium was the VI with an area under the ROC curve of 0.88 at a cutoff value of 0.81%. 3D ultrasonography and power Doppler, especially endometrial VI, may be useful for discrimination between benign and malignant endometrium in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Optical properties of fly ash. Volume 2, Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Self, S.A.

1994-12-01

Research performed under this contract was divided into four tasks under the following headings: Task 1, Characterization of fly ash; Task 2, Measurements of the optical constants of slags; Task 3, Calculations of the radiant properties of fly ash dispersions; and Task 4, Measurements of the radiant properties of fly ash dispersions. Tasks 1 and 4 constituted the Ph.D. research topic of Sarbajit Ghosal, while Tasks 2 and 3 constituted the Ph.D. research topic of Jon Ebert. Together their doctoral dissertations give a complete account of the work performed. This final report, issued in two volumes consists of an executivemore » summary of the whole program followed by the dissertation of Ghosal and Ebert. Volume 2 contains the dissertation of Ebert which covers the measurements of the optical constants of slags, and calculations of the radiant properties of fly ash dispersions. A list of publications and conference presentations resulting from the work is also included.« less

Electrode Induced Removal and Recovery of Uranium (VI) from Acidic Subsurfaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gregory, Kelvin

2013-08-12

The overarching objective of this research is to provide an improved understanding of how aqueous geochemical conditions impact the removal of U and Tc from groundwater and how engineering design may be utilized to optimize removal of these radionuclides. Experiments were designed to address the unique conditions in Area 3 of ORNL while also providing broader insight into the geochemical effectors of the removal rates and extent for U and Tc. The specific tasks of this work were to: 1) quantify the impact of common aqueous geochemical and operational conditions on the rate and extent of U removal and recoverymore » from water, 2) investigate the removal of Tc with polarized graphite electrode, and determine the influence of geochemical and operational conditions on Tc removal and recovery, 3) determine whether U and Tc may be treated simultaneous from Area 3 groundwater, and examine the bench-scale performance of electrode-based treatment, and 4) determine the capacity of graphite electrodes for U(VI) removal and develop a mathematical, kinetic model for the removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution. Overall the body of work suggests that an electrode-based approach for the remediation of acidic subsurface environments, such as those observed in Area 3 of ORNL may be successful for the removal for both U(VI) and Tc. Carbonaceous (graphite) electrode materials are likely to be the least costly means to maximize removal rates and efficiency by maximizing the electrode surface area.« less

Planning and Managing Learning Tasks and Activities. Advances in Research on Teaching. Volume 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brophy, Jere, Ed.

This publication is the third volume in the "Advanced in Research on Teaching" series, which has been established to provide state-of-the-art conceptualization and analysis of the processes involved in functioning as a classroom teacher. This volume focuses on the planning and managing of learning tasks and activities, in particular,…

Patterns of Lung Volume Use during an Extemporaneous Speech Task in Persons with Parkinson Disease

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunton, K.

2005-01-01

This study examined patterns of lung volume use in speakers with Parkinson disease (PD) during an extemporaneous speaking task. The performance of a control group was also examined. Behaviors described are based on acoustic, kinematic and linguistic measures. Group differences were found in breath group duration, lung volume initiation, and lung…

The Health Services Mobility Study Method of Task Analysis and Curriculum Design. Research Report No. 11. Volume 3: Using the Computer to Develop Job Ladders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilpatrick, Eleanor

This document is volume 3 of a four-volume report which describes the components of the Health Services Mobility Study (HSMS) method of task analysis, job ladder design, and curriculum development. Divided into four chapters, volume 3 is a manual for using HSMS computer based statistical procedures to design job structures and job ladders. Chapter…

Column study of chromium(VI) adsorption from electroplating industry by coconut coir pith.

PubMed

Suksabye, Parinda; Thiravetyan, Paitip; Nakbanpote, Woranan

2008-12-15

The removal of Cr(VI) from electroplating wastewater by coir pith was investigated in a fixed-bed column. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of important parameters such as bed depth (40-60cm) and flow rate (10-30ml min(-1)). At 0.05 C(t)/C(0), the breakthrough volume increased as flow rate decreased or a bed depth increased due to an increase in empty bed contact time (EBCT). The bed depth service time model (BDST) fit well with the experimental data in the initial region of the breakthrough curve, while the simulation of the whole curve using non-linear regression analysis was effective using the Thomas model. The adsorption capacity estimated from the BDST model was reduced with increasing flow rate, which was 16.40mg cm(-3) or 137.91mg Cr(VI)g(-1) coir pith for the flow rates of 10ml min(-1) and 14.05mg cm(-3) or 118.20mg Cr(VI)g(-1) coir pith for the flow rates of 30ml min(-1). At the highest bed depth (60cm) and the lowest flow rate (10mlmin(-1)), the maximum adsorption reached 201.47mg Cr(VI)g(-1) adsorbent according to the Thomas model. The column was regenerated by eluting chromium using 2M HNO(3) after adsorption studies. The desorption of Cr(III) in each of three cycles was about 67-70%. The desorption of Cr(III) in each cycle did not reach 100% due to the fact that Cr(V) was present through the reduction of Cr(VI), and was still in coir pith, possibly bound to glucose in the cellulose part of coir pith. Therefore, the Cr(V) complex cannot be desorbed in solution. The evidence of Cr(V) signal was observed in coir pith, alpha-cellulose and holocellulose extracted from coir pith using electron spin resonance (ESR).

Natural history and galsulfase treatment in mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI, Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome)--10-year follow-up of patients who previously participated in an MPS VI Survey Study.

PubMed

Giugliani, Roberto; Lampe, Christina; Guffon, Nathalie; Ketteridge, David; Leão-Teles, Elisa; Wraith, James E; Jones, Simon A; Piscia-Nichols, Cheri; Lin, Ping; Quartel, Adrian; Harmatz, Paul

2014-08-01

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) is a clinically heterogeneous and progressive disorder with multiorgan manifestations caused by deficient N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase activity. A cross-sectional Survey Study in individuals (n = 121) affected with MPS VI was conducted between 2001 and 2002 to establish demographics, urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels, and clinical progression of disease. We conducted a Resurvey Study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01387854) to obtain 10-year follow-up data, including medical histories and clinical assessments (n = 59), and survival status over 12 years (n = 117). Patients received a mean (SD) of 6.8 (2.2) years of galsulfase ERT between baseline (Survey Study) and follow-up. ERT patients increased in height by 20.4 cm in the 4-7-year-old baseline age group and by 16.8 cm in the 8-12-year-old baseline age group. ERT patients <13 years-old demonstrated improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) by 68% and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) by 55%, and those ≥13 years-old increased FVC by 12.8% and maintained FEV1. Patients with >200 µg/mg baseline uGAG levels increased FVC by 48% in the <13-year-old baseline age group and by 15% in the ≥13-year-old baseline age group. ERT patients who completed the 6-min walk test demonstrated a mean (SD) increase of 65.7 (100.6) m. Cardiac outcomes did not significantly improve or worsen. Observed mortality rate among naïve patients was 50% (7/14) and 16.5% (17/103) in the ERT group (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.59). Long-term galsulfase ERT was associated with improvements in pulmonary function and endurance, stabilized cardiac function and increased survival. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evaluation of the Efficacy, Potential for Vector Transmission, and Duration of Immunity of MP-12, an Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate, in Sheep

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

testing by virus isolation (VI). Positive-control mosquitoes were sampled whole on the day of the spiked blood meal. b NA, not applicable. Miller et al ...percent inhibition of the negative control, calculated as 1 (test serum OD/negative serum OD) 100. Miller et al . 934 cvi.asm.org August 2015 Volume 22...Trop Med Hyg 44:278 –282. 34. Morrill JC, Mebus CA, Peters CJ. 1997. Safety of a mutagen-attenuated Miller et al . 936 cvi.asm.org August 2015 Volume 22

The Consequences of Metric Production for Small Manufacturers. Volume II. Case Studies of Large Business-Small Business Interaction,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-08

II 00 CASE STUDIES OF LARGE BUSINESS - SMALL BUSINESS INTERACTION ’C- DTIC. Henry H1. Hitchcock dlELECTE7 Joseph F. Coates Marcy M. Canavan AUGG261982...J wis&omWWS1ARET N W WASIINGTOW. OC NO$I THE CONSEQUENCES OF METRIC PRODUCTION FOR SMALL MANUFACTURERS Volume 11 CASE STUDIES OF LARGE BUSINESS ... SMALL BUSINESS INTERACTION Accesqi~r, For NTIS GRA&t DTIC TAB Unannoun~ced J’htiI’ctof _ Henry H. Hitchcock vi 1ribr i t o aes Joseph F. Coates Avail arid

Conservation of species, volume, and belief in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the issue of domain specificity and conceptual impairment.

PubMed

Zaitchik, Deborah; Solomon, Gregg E A

2009-09-01

Two studies investigated whether patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffer high-level and category-specific impairment in the conceptual domain of living things. In Experiment 1, AD patients and healthy young and healthy elderly controls took part in three tasks: the conservation of species, volume, and belief. All 3 tasks required tracking an object's identity in the face of irrelevant but salient transformations. Healthy young and elderly controls performed at or near ceiling on all tasks. AD patients were at or near ceiling on the volume and belief tasks, but only about half succeeded on the species task. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the results were not due to simple task demands. AD patients' failure to conserve species indicates that they are impaired in their theoretical understanding of living things, and their success on the volume and belief tasks suggests that the impairment is domain-specific. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the phenomenon: The first, a category-specific account, holds that the intuitive theory of biology undergoes pervasive degradation; the second, a hybrid domain-general/domain-specific account, holds that impairment to domain-general processes such as executive function interacts with core cognition, the primitive elements that are the foundation of domain-specific knowledge.

Conservation of species, volume, and belief in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: the issue of domain-specificity and conceptual impairment

PubMed Central

Zaitchik, Deborah; Solomon, Gregg E. A.

2009-01-01

Two studies investigated whether patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suffer high-level and category-specific impairment in the conceptual domain of living things. In Study 1, AD patients and healthy young and healthy elderly controls took part in three tasks: the Conservation of Species, Volume, and Belief. All 3 tasks required tracking an object’s identity in the face of irrelevant but salient transformations. Healthy young and elderly controls performed at or near ceiling on all tasks. AD patients were at or near ceiling on the Volume and Belief tasks, but only about half succeeded on the Species task. Study 2 demonstrated that the results were not due to simple task demands. AD patients’ failure to conserve species indicates that they are impaired in their theoretical understanding of living things, and their success on the Volume and Belief tasks suggests that the impairment is domain-specific. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the phenomenon: the first, a category-specific account, holds that the intuitive theory of biology undergoes pervasive degradation; the second, a hybrid domain-general/domain-specific account, holds that impairment to domain-general processes such as executive function interacts with core cognition, the primitive elements that are the foundation of domain-specific knowledge. PMID:20043252

Prediction of User Preference over Shared Control Paradigms for a Robotic Wheelchair

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-20

the experimentally -observed changes between subject groups and sessions, while providing unique insight into the relative contribution of task metrics...WHEELCHAIR, including the four tested shared- control paradigms. The correlation model and experimental results are provided in Sections IV and V. Section VI...paradigm-specific models. Moreover, we also observe differences between sub- ject groups —meaning that subjects’ evaluations of a control paradigm are

Test-retest reliability of fMRI during nonverbal semantic decisions in moderate-severe nonfluent aphasia patients

PubMed Central

Kurland, Jacquie; Naeser, Margaret A.; Baker, Errol H.; Doron, Karl; Martin, Paula I.; Seekins, Heidi E.; Bogdan, Andrew; Renshaw, Perry; Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah

2005-01-01

Cortical reorganization in poststroke aphasia is not well understood. Few studies have investigated neural mechanisms underlying language recovery in severe aphasia patients, who are typically viewed as having a poor prognosis for language recovery. Although test-retest reliability is routinely demonstrated during collection of language data in single-subject aphasia research, this is rarely examined in fMRI studies investigating the underlying neural mechanisms in aphasia recovery. The purpose of this study was to acquire fMRI test-retest data examining semantic decisions both within and between two aphasia patients. Functional MRI was utilized to image individuals with chronic, moderate-severe nonfluent aphasia during nonverbal, yes/no button-box semantic judgments of iconic sentences presented in the Computer-assisted Visual Communication (C-ViC) program. We investigated the critical issue of intra-subject reliability by exploring similarities and differences in regions of activation during participants’ performance of identical tasks twice on the same day. Each participant demonstrated high intra-subject reliability, with response decrements typical of task familiarity. Differences between participants included greater left hemisphere perilesional activation in the individual with better response to C-ViC training. This study provides fMRI reliability in chronic nonfluent aphasia, and adds to evidence supporting differences in individual cortical reorganization in aphasia recovery. PMID:15706052

Resistance to change and resurgence in humans engaging in a computer task.

PubMed

Kuroda, Toshikazu; Cançado, Carlos R X; Podlesnik, Christopher A

2016-04-01

The relation between persistence, as measured by resistance to change, and resurgence has been examined with nonhuman animals but not systematically with humans. The present study examined persistence and resurgence with undergraduate students engaging in a computer task for points exchangeable for money. In Phase 1, a target response was maintained on a multiple variable-interval (VI) 15-s (Rich) VI 60-s (Lean) schedule of reinforcement. In Phase 2, the target response was extinguished while an alternative response was reinforced at equal rates in both schedule components. In Phase 3, the target and the alternative responses were extinguished. In an additional test of persistence (Phase 4), target responding was reestablished as in Phase 1 and then disrupted by access to videos in both schedule components. In Phases 2 and 4, target responding was more persistent in the Rich than in the Lean component. Also, resurgence generally was greater in the Rich than in the Lean component in Phase 3. The present findings with humans extend the generality of those obtained with nonhuman animals showing that higher reinforcement rates produce both greater persistence and resurgence, and suggest that common processes underlie response persistence and relapse. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Regional gray matter volume in the posterior precuneus is associated with general self-efficacy.

PubMed

Sugiura, Ayaka; Aoki, Ryuta; Murayama, Kou; Yomogida, Yukihito; Haji, Tomoki; Saito, Atsuko; Hasegawa, Toshikazu; Matsumoto, Kenji

2016-12-14

Motivation in doing a task is influenced not only by the expected outcome of the task but also by the belief that one has in successfully executing the task. Over time, individuals accumulate experiences that contribute toward a general belief in one's overall ability to successfully perform tasks, which is called general self-efficacy (GSE). We investigated the relationship between regional gray matter volume and individual differences in GSE. Brain anatomy was analyzed using magnetic resonance images obtained from 64 healthy right-handed participants who had completed Sherer's GSE scale. After controlling for other factors related to motivation, age, sex, and total gray matter volume of each participant, results showed that regional gray matter volume in the posterior part of the precuneus significantly and positively correlated with the GSE score. These results suggest that one's accumulated experiences of success and failure, which contribute toward GSE, also influence the anatomical characteristics of the precuneus.

AN IN SITU PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN GROUNDWATER:VOLUME 2 PERFORMANCE MONITORING

EPA Science Inventory

A 46 m long, 7.3 m deep, and 0.6 m wide permeable subsurface reactive wall was installed at the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Support Center, near Elizabeth City, North Carolina, in June 1996. The reactive wall was designed to remediate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated ground ...

Survey of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities. Bulletin, 1930, No. 9. Volume I. [Preface - Part VI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Education, United States Department of the Interior, 1930

1930-01-01

At the request of the Association of Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, the Office of Education undertook a survey of the 69 land-grant colleges and universities, including 17 institutions for Negroes. For more than a half century, these institutions have grown in importance as vital factors in the agricultural, industrial, and educational…

THREE MILE ISLAND NUCLEAR REACTOR ACCIDENT OF MARCH 1979. ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION DATA: VOLUME VI. A REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON THE ACCIDENT AT THREE MILE ISLAND

EPA Science Inventory

This report contains a listing of environmental radiation monitoring data collected in the vicinity of Three Mile Island (TMI) following the March 28, 1979 accident. These data were collected by the EPA, NRC, DOE, HHS, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, or the Bethlehem Steel Corp...

Food and Nutrition. Volume II. Units VI-VIII: Fruit, Fats, Vegetables, Legumes, Grains, Meats.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honse, Elizabeth Linsenbardt

These instructional materials are intended as a guide for the instructor of a secondary home economics course in food and nutrition. Topics covered in the three units are time, energy, and resource management; selection, care, preparation, and storage of food (seven lessons on dairy foods; fats and oils; cereals and breads; fruits and vegetables;…

In Search of Excellence--For Ordinary People. [Parts 1 and 2]. Innovation Abstracts, Volume VI, Numbers 22 and 32.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeHart, A. Robert

1984-01-01

"In Search of Excellence," by Peters and Waterman identifies one characteristic of corporate excellence as "unusual effort on the part of apparently ordinary employees." The community college has many students who fit into the category of "ordinary people." Their academic performance can be maximized by recognizing their individual differences,…

40 CFR 80.1666 - Additional requirements for foreign small refiners and foreign small volume refineries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... as a Certified Public Accountant in the United States and a citizen of the United States, or be... of this section and § 80.415, including work papers. (G) Reports prepared for submission to EPA, and any work papers related to such reports. (vi) Inspections and audits by EPA may include taking samples...

AN IN-SITU PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AND TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN GROUND WATER: VOLUME 1 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

EPA Science Inventory

A 46 m long, 7.3 m deep, and 0.6 m wide permeable subsurface reactive wall was installed at the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Support Center, near Elizabeth City, North Carolina, in June 1996. The reactive wall was designed to remediate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] contaminated ground ...

Study of Man-Machine Communications Systems for Disabled Persons (The Handicapped). Volume VI. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kafafian, Haig

The instruction manual contains lessons for teaching severely physically and/or neurologically handicapped students to use the seven-key Cybertype electric writing machine. Unlike the 14-key keyboard, which requires bilateral coordination in arms, legs, or other parts of the body, the seven-key keyboard requires the use of only one part of the…

40 CFR 86.1217-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... volume ft3 (m3), as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi...

40 CFR 86.1217-96 - Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... volume ft3 (m3), as measured in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. (v) r=FID response factor to methanol. (vi) PB=Barometric pressure, in. Hg. (kPa). (vii) T=Enclosure ambient temperature, R(K). (viii) i=Indicates initial reading. (ix) f=Indicates final reading. (x)(A) k=3.05. (B) For SI units, k=17.60. (xi...

Removing Barriers to the Adult Learner: Through Marketing, Management, and Programming. NUCEA Region VI Conference (Las Vegas, Nevada, October 10-13, 1982).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conter, Robert V., Ed.; Porcelli, Winifred A., Ed.

These proceedings contain the texts of nine presentations delivered at a conference on removing barriers to the adult learner through marketing, management, and programing. Included in the volume are the following papers: "Faculty Perceptions of Adult Learners, Off-Campus Credit Programs, and Teaching Strategies," by Diane…

Evaluation of the ViSiGiTM Calibration System

ClinicalTrials.gov

2013-12-10

Enhance Delineation of the Stomach Anatomy and the Surgeon's Appreciation of the Extent of Gastric Volume to be Removed;; Increase the Safety Profile of the Patient (i.e., Reduce the Likelihood of Accidental Stapling of the Orogastric Tube or Bougie);; Reduce the Incidence of OR Contamination/Infection Transmission;; Streamline OR Workflow, Resulting in Reduced OR Time; Ensure Consistent and Reproducible Staple Lines.

Cerebrocerebellar networks during articulatory rehearsal and verbal working memory tasks.

PubMed

Chen, S H Annabel; Desmond, John E

2005-01-15

Converging evidence has implicated the cerebellum in verbal working memory. The current fMRI study sought to further characterize cerebrocerebellar participation in this cognitive process by revealing regions of activation common to a verbal working task and an articulatory control task, as well as regions that are uniquely activated by working memory. Consistent with our model's predictions, load-dependent activations were observed in Broca's area (BA 44/6) and the superior cerebellar hemisphere (VI/CrusI) for both working memory and motoric rehearsal. In contrast, activations unique to verbal working memory were found in the inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) and the right inferior cerebellum hemisphere (VIIB). These findings provide evidence for two cerebrocerebellar networks for verbal working memory: a frontal/superior cerebellar articulatory control system and a parietal/inferior cerebellar phonological storage system.

Psychophysiological interaction between superior temporal gyrus (STG) and cerebellum: An fMRI study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yusoff, A. N.; Teng, X. L.; Ng, S. B.; Hamid, A. I. A.; Mukari, S. Z. M.

2016-03-01

This study aimed to model the psychophysiological interaction (PPI) between the bilateral STG and cerebellum (lobule VI and lobule VII) during an arithmetic addition task. Eighteen young adults participated in this study. They were instructed to solve single-digit addition tasks in quiet and noisy backgrounds during an fMRI scan. Results showed that in both hemispheres, the response in the cerebellum was found to be linearly influenced by the activity in STG (vice-versa) for both in-quiet and in-noise conditions. However, the influence of the cerebellum on STG seemed to be modulated by noise. A two-way PPI model between STG and cerebellum is suggested. The connectivity between the two regions during a simple addition task in a noisy condition is modulated by the participants’ higher attention to perceive.

Links between Success in Non-Measurement and Calculation Tasks in Area and Volume Measurement and Pupils' Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tumová, Veronika; Vondrová, Nada

2017-01-01

Measurement in geometry is one of the key areas of school mathematics, however, pupils make serious mistakes when solving problems involving measurement and hold misconceptions. This article focuses on the possible links between lower secondary pupils' (n = 870) success in solving non-measurement tasks and calculations tasks on area and volume and…

Volume interpolated 3D-spoiled gradient echo sequence is better than dynamic contrast spin echo sequence for MRI detection of corticotropin secreting pituitary microadenomas.

PubMed

Kasaliwal, Rajeev; Sankhe, Shilpa S; Lila, Anurag R; Budyal, Sweta R; Jagtap, Varsha S; Sarathi, Vijaya; Kakade, Harshal; Bandgar, Tushar; Menon, Padmavathy S; Shah, Nalini S

2013-06-01

Various techniques have been attempted to increase the yield of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for localization of pituitary microadenomas in corticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS). To compare the performance of dynamic contrast spin echo (DC-SE) and volume interpolated 3D-spoiled gradient echo (VI-SGE) MR sequences in the diagnostic evaluation of ACTH-dependent CS. Data was analysed retrospectively from a series of ACTH-dependent CS patients treated over 2-year period at a tertiary care referral centre (2009-2011). Thirty-six patients (24 female and 12 male) were diagnosed to have ACTH-dependent CS during the study period. All patients underwent MRI by both sequences during a single examination. Cases with negative and equivocal pituitary MR imaging underwent corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulated bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) to confirm pituitary origin of ACTH excess state. Thirty patients were finally diagnosed to have Cushing's disease (CD) [based on histopathology proof of adenoma and/or remission (partial/complete) of hypercortisolism postsurgery]. Six patients were diagnosed to have histopathologically proven ectopic CS. Of 30 patients with CD, 24 patients had microadenomas and 6 patients had macroadenomas. DC-SE MRI sequence was able to identify microadenomas in 16 of 24 patients, whereas postcontrast VI-SGE sequence was able to identify microadenomas in 21 of 24 patients. All six patients of ectopic CS had negative pituitary MR imaging by both techniques (specificity: 100%). VI-SGE MR sequence was better for localization of pituitary microadenomas particularly when DC-SE MR sequence is negative or equivocal and should be used in addition to DC-SE MR sequence for the evaluation of ACTH-dependent CS. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Task-specific feature extraction and classification of fMRI volumes using a deep neural network initialized with a deep belief network: Evaluation using sensorimotor tasks

PubMed Central

Jang, Hojin; Plis, Sergey M.; Calhoun, Vince D.; Lee, Jong-Hwan

2016-01-01

Feedforward deep neural networks (DNN), artificial neural networks with multiple hidden layers, have recently demonstrated a record-breaking performance in multiple areas of applications in computer vision and speech processing. Following the success, DNNs have been applied to neuroimaging modalities including functional/structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography data. However, no study has explicitly applied DNNs to 3D whole-brain fMRI volumes and thereby extracted hidden volumetric representations of fMRI that are discriminative for a task performed as the fMRI volume was acquired. Our study applied fully connected feedforward DNN to fMRI volumes collected in four sensorimotor tasks (i.e., left-hand clenching, right-hand clenching, auditory attention, and visual stimulus) undertaken by 12 healthy participants. Using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation scheme, a restricted Boltzmann machine-based deep belief network was pretrained and used to initialize weights of the DNN. The pretrained DNN was fine-tuned while systematically controlling weight-sparsity levels across hidden layers. Optimal weight-sparsity levels were determined from a minimum validation error rate of fMRI volume classification. Minimum error rates (mean ± standard deviation; %) of 6.9 (± 3.8) were obtained from the three-layer DNN with the sparsest condition of weights across the three hidden layers. These error rates were even lower than the error rates from the single-layer network (9.4 ± 4.6) and the two-layer network (7.4 ± 4.1). The estimated DNN weights showed spatial patterns that are remarkably task-specific, particularly in the higher layers. The output values of the third hidden layer represented distinct patterns/codes of the 3D whole-brain fMRI volume and encoded the information of the tasks as evaluated from representational similarity analysis. Our reported findings show the ability of the DNN to classify a single fMRI volume based on the extraction of hidden representations of fMRI volumes associated with tasks across multiple hidden layers. Our study may be beneficial to the automatic classification/diagnosis of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and prediction of disease severity and recovery in (pre-) clinical settings using fMRI volumes without requiring an estimation of activation patterns or ad hoc statistical evaluation. PMID:27079534

Task-specific feature extraction and classification of fMRI volumes using a deep neural network initialized with a deep belief network: Evaluation using sensorimotor tasks.

PubMed

Jang, Hojin; Plis, Sergey M; Calhoun, Vince D; Lee, Jong-Hwan

2017-01-15

Feedforward deep neural networks (DNNs), artificial neural networks with multiple hidden layers, have recently demonstrated a record-breaking performance in multiple areas of applications in computer vision and speech processing. Following the success, DNNs have been applied to neuroimaging modalities including functional/structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography data. However, no study has explicitly applied DNNs to 3D whole-brain fMRI volumes and thereby extracted hidden volumetric representations of fMRI that are discriminative for a task performed as the fMRI volume was acquired. Our study applied fully connected feedforward DNN to fMRI volumes collected in four sensorimotor tasks (i.e., left-hand clenching, right-hand clenching, auditory attention, and visual stimulus) undertaken by 12 healthy participants. Using a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation scheme, a restricted Boltzmann machine-based deep belief network was pretrained and used to initialize weights of the DNN. The pretrained DNN was fine-tuned while systematically controlling weight-sparsity levels across hidden layers. Optimal weight-sparsity levels were determined from a minimum validation error rate of fMRI volume classification. Minimum error rates (mean±standard deviation; %) of 6.9 (±3.8) were obtained from the three-layer DNN with the sparsest condition of weights across the three hidden layers. These error rates were even lower than the error rates from the single-layer network (9.4±4.6) and the two-layer network (7.4±4.1). The estimated DNN weights showed spatial patterns that are remarkably task-specific, particularly in the higher layers. The output values of the third hidden layer represented distinct patterns/codes of the 3D whole-brain fMRI volume and encoded the information of the tasks as evaluated from representational similarity analysis. Our reported findings show the ability of the DNN to classify a single fMRI volume based on the extraction of hidden representations of fMRI volumes associated with tasks across multiple hidden layers. Our study may be beneficial to the automatic classification/diagnosis of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and prediction of disease severity and recovery in (pre-) clinical settings using fMRI volumes without requiring an estimation of activation patterns or ad hoc statistical evaluation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Decreased cerebellar-cerebral connectivity contributes to complex task performance

PubMed Central

Knops, André

2016-01-01

The cerebellum's role in nonmotor processes is now well accepted, but cerebellar interaction with cerebral targets is not well understood. Complex cognitive tasks activate cerebellar, parietal, and frontal regions, but the effective connectivity between these regions has never been tested. To this end, we used psycho-physiological interactions (PPI) analysis to test connectivity changes of cerebellar and parietal seed regions in complex (2-digit by 1-digit multiplication, e.g., 12 × 3) vs. simple (1-digit by 1-digit multiplication, e.g., 4 × 3) task conditions (“complex − simple”). For cerebellar seed regions (lobule VI, hemisphere and vermis), we found significantly decreased cerebellar-parietal, cerebellar-cingulate, and cerebellar-frontal connectivity in complex multiplication. For parietal seed regions (PFcm, PFop, PFm) we found significantly increased parietal-parietal and parietal-frontal connectivity in complex multiplication. These results suggest that decreased cerebellar-cerebral connectivity contributes to complex task performance. Interestingly, BOLD activity contrasts revealed partially overlapping parietal areas of increased BOLD activity but decreased cerebellar-parietal PPI connectivity. PMID:27334957

Phase diagram and equation of state of praseodymium at high pressures and temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baer, Bruce J.; Cynn, Hyunchae; Iota, Valentin; Yoo, Choong-Shik; Shen, Guoyin

2003-04-01

The phase diagram for praseodymium (Pr) has been determined for pressures between 5 and 60 GPa and temperatures between 295 and 830 K using both in situ energy- and angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction with externally heated diamond-anvil cells. Mineral oil and argon were alternatively used as pressure media in order to compare conflicting results in the literature and to ensure the validity of mineral oil as an inert medium. Evidence for the presence of an, as yet, unidentified phase (denoted Pr-VI) above 675 K has been observed, whereas no compelling evidence has been observed for the existence of the recently reported monoclinic phase (Pr-V). The new constraints of the phase diagram, therefore, suggest that the phase transitions occur as Pr-I(dhcp)→Pr-II(fcc)→Pr-VI→Pr-IV(α-U) above approximately 700 K. Additionally, there is a Pr-III(distorted fcc), Pr-VI, and Pr-IV triple point at approximately 675 K and 23.8 GPa. Temperature-dependent equations of state have been determined, allowing the temperature-dependent volume collapse at the transition between Pr-III and Pr-IV to be calculated. We report a linear decrease of the volume collapse along the Pr-III to Pr-IV boundary with temperature, ΔV/V (%)=16.235-0.0156[T(K)]; the extrapolation indicates that the volume collapse should vanish well below the melting point. With the temperature-dependent equation of state data and new phase diagram we demonstrate that the volume collapse can be accounted for by a change in the multiplicity of Pr atoms as the f electrons go from localized to itinerant.

Dual Tasking and Working Memory in Alcoholism: Relation to Frontocerebellar Circuitry

PubMed Central

Chanraud, Sandra; Pitel, Anne-Lise; Rohlfing, Torsten; Pfefferbaum, Adolf; Sullivan, Edith V

2010-01-01

Controversy exists regarding the role of cerebellar systems in cognition and whether working memory compromise commonly marking alcoholism can be explained by compromise of nodes of corticocerebellar circuitry. We tested 17 alcoholics and 31 age-matched controls with dual-task, working memory paradigms. Interference tasks competed with verbal and spatial working memory tasks using low (three item) or high (six item) memory loads. Participants also underwent structural MRI to obtain volumes of nodes of the frontocerebellar system. On the verbal working memory task, both groups performed equally. On the spatial working memory with the high-load task, the alcoholic group was disproportionately more affected by the arithmetic distractor than were controls. In alcoholics, volumes of the left thalamus and left cerebellar Crus I volumes were more robust predictors of performance in the spatial working memory task with the arithmetic distractor than the left frontal superior cortex. In controls, volumes of the right middle frontal gyrus and right cerebellar Crus I were independent predictors over the left cerebellar Crus I, left thalamus, right superior parietal cortex, or left middle frontal gyrus of spatial working memory performance with tracking interference. The brain–behavior correlations suggest that alcoholics and controls relied on the integrity of certain nodes of corticocerebellar systems to perform these verbal and spatial working memory tasks, but that the specific pattern of relationships differed by group. The resulting brain structure–function patterns provide correlational support that components of this corticocerebellar system not typically related to normal performance in dual-task conditions may be available to augment otherwise dampened performance by alcoholics. PMID:20410871

Air-to-Air Target Acquisition: Factors and Means of Improvement.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

and an atmospheric modelo B t - Bb VISTARAQ C - b derived from input quantities and an B atmospheric model Bt Bb RAE/BAC C B derived from input...seair ’ h task in a !static, fielId. I" Osi c r r, I’lut ion is, dependi- ent upon the angle of’ t hr vi:i x is, -ft wh iih -wilil1y is measured and th

Real-Time Tomography Mooring

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Vi th this sampling schedule the data logger has enough (data. storage capacity for, a five yea r deploymeneit-. SYsteim specifica tionis are shown...sit [I t ille check is pwrformed as a virttial device. called -Ilinei check". which is scheduled in the task tabhe aid(] executed by the systsenm cot...PCI as FSK carrier detect input- add function (5) to do timer/counter control - stop counter when defaults set I 6. Instrument scheduler software

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 15, Number 6, July-August 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-01

subgroups were defi ned as: i) Physicians, medicine – aviation/aerospace, allergy, ER, anesthesia , dermatology, family medicine, pediatrics, 16 VOL. 15...urologic), podiatry; iii) Dentists – general / comprehensive / public health dentistry , end-, orth-, ped-, peri-, and prosthodontics, OMF surgery...administrators; v) Nurses, OR / surgical / anesthesia – nurse anesthetist, OR nurse, nurse midwife, critical care nurses; and vi) Biomedical science, allied

Inside English: Journal of the English Council of California Two-Year Colleges; Vol. VI, Nos. 1-4, September 1979, December 1979, March 1980, and June 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bilson, Barbara, Ed.; Kurilich, Frances, Ed.

1980-01-01

Designed primarily for English faculty at two-year colleges in California, "Inside English" includes articles on instructional innovations in teaching remedial writing, literature courses, and freshman composition; and on major curricular, administrative, and employment issues in the field. The four issues in volume 6 include the following feature…

Libraries and the Fight against HIV/AIDS, Poverty, and Corruption. IFLA/FAIFE Theme Report, 2006. IFLA/FAIFE World Report Series Volume VI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seidelin, Susanne, Ed.; Jensen, Thomas Skov, Ed.

2006-01-01

"Libraries and the fight against HIV/AIDS, poverty and corruption" takes up some of the big issues and major challenges facing the world: the HIV/AIDS pandemic, poverty and the reduction of it, and corruption and its counterpart transparency. The articles explore the role and responsibilities of libraries and information services, and…

Review of Army Analysis. Volume 2. Appendixes C-M

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-01

In most Army studies, the identifica-tion of new or changed alternatives occurs during the study de - spite efforts at early deflnition, Study...in time to support each major acquisition de -V..i cision milestone, Operational testing activities are similiarly timed, Thus, it frequently occurs...Engineer School i. Transportation School J. Quarter Master School k. Missile & Munition School 1. Intelligence School ! m. Signal School ii. Military

United States Air Force Child Care Center Infant Care Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Craig, Ardyn; And Others

Intended to guide Air Force infant caregivers in providing high quality group care for infants 6 weeks to 6 months of age, this infant care guide must be used in conjunction with other Air Force regulations on day care, such as AFR 215-1, Volume VI (to be renumbered AFR 215-27). After a brief introductory chapter (Chapter I), Chapter II indicates…

State and Local Implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act. Volume VI--Targeting and Uses of Federal Education Funds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chambers, Jay G.; Lam, Irene; Mahitivanichcha, Kanya; Esra, Phil; Shambaugh, Larisa; Stullich, Stephanie

2009-01-01

Achieving the goals of federal education legislation depends on how federal funds are distributed and used. Since the enactment of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965, various federal programs have been created to support educational improvement and target additional resources to meet the educational needs of children who are…

Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1928-1930. Bulletin, 1931, No. 20. Volume I. Chapter VI: Homemaking Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitcomb, Emeline S.

1931-01-01

This chapter of the "Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1928-1930" focuses on the following topic areas as they relate to homemaking education: Part I: Present trends, contains the following: (a) Contributions rendered; (b) Philosophy changes; (c) Expansion of home economics in our public schools; (d) Home economics required; (e)…

How To Dance through Time. Volume VI: A 19th Century Ball--The Charm of Group Dances. [Videotape].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teten, Carol

This 48-minute VHS videotape is the sixth in a series of "How To Dance Through Time" videos. It shows the festivity of the 19th century group dances, enabling the viewer to plan and participate in the elegant opening to the ball, a refined square dance, and flirtatious Cotillion dancing games. Professional dancers demonstrate the…

Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume VI, 2006

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Faletra, P.; Schuetz, A.; Cherkerzian, D.

Students who conducted research at DOE National Laboratories during 2005 were invited to include their research abstracts, and for a select few, their completed research papers in this Journal. This Journal is direct evidence of students collaborating with their mentors. Fields in which these students worked include: Biology; Chemistry; Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Science; General Sciences; Materials Sciences; Medical and Health Sciences; Nuclear Sciences; Physics; and Science Policy.

State-of-the-Art Assessment of Testing and Testability of Custom LSI/VLSI Circuits. Volume VI. Redundancy, Testing Circuits, and Codes.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-01

e.g., providing voters in TMR systems and detection-switching requirements in standby-sparing sys- tems. The application of mathematical thoery of...and time redundancy required for error detection and correction, are interrelated. Mathematical modeling, when applied to fault tolerant systems, can...9 1.1 Some Fundamental Principles............................. 11 1.2 Mathematical Theory of

Assessment of the Status of African-Americans. Volume VI: Critiques of the NRC Study, "A Common Destiny: Blacks and American Society."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed, Wornie L., Ed.

In 1987 a project was undertaken to assess the status of African Americans in the United States in the topical areas to be addressed by the National Research Council's (NRC) Study Committee on the Status of Black Americans: education, employment, income and occupations, political participation and the administration of justice, social and cultural…

Synthesis and X-ray Crystallography of [Mg(H2O)6][AnO2(C2H5COO)3]2 (An = U, Np, or Pu).

PubMed

Serezhkin, Viktor N; Grigoriev, Mikhail S; Abdulmyanov, Aleksey R; Fedoseev, Aleksandr M; Savchenkov, Anton V; Serezhkina, Larisa B

2016-08-01

Synthesis and X-ray crystallography of single crystals of [Mg(H2O)6][AnO2(C2H5COO)3]2, where An = U (I), Np (II), or Pu (III), are reported. Compounds I-III are isostructural and crystallize in the trigonal crystal system. The structures of I-III are built of hydrated magnesium cations [Mg(H2O)6](2+) and mononuclear [AnO2(C2H5COO)3](-) complexes, which belong to the AB(01)3 crystallochemical group of uranyl complexes (A = AnO2(2+), B(01) = C2H5COO(-)). Peculiarities of intermolecular interactions in the structures of [Mg(H2O)6][UO2(L)3]2 complexes depending on the carboxylate ion L (acetate, propionate, or n-butyrate) are investigated using the method of molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra. Actinide contraction in the series of U(VI)-Np(VI)-Pu(VI) in compounds I-III is reflected in a decrease in the mean An═O bond lengths and in the volume and sphericity degree of Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra of An atoms.

Simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of uranium and thorium in aqueous samples by new modified mesoporous silica prior to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry determination.

PubMed

Yousefi, Seyed Reza; Ahmadi, Seyed Javad; Shemirani, Farzaneh; Jamali, Mohammad Reza; Salavati-Niasari, Masoud

2009-11-15

A new synthesized modified mesoporous silica (MCM-41) using 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde (fural) was applied as an effective sorbent for the solid phase extraction of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) ions from aqueous solution for the measurement by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The influences of some analytical parameters on the quantitative recoveries of the analyte ions were investigated in batch method. Under optimal conditions, the analyte ions were sorbed by the sorbent at pH 5.5 and then eluted with 1.0 mL of 1.0 mol L(-1) HNO(3). The preconcentration factor was 100 for a 100mL sample volume. The limits of detection (LOD) obtained for uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) were 0.3 microg L(-1). The maximum sorption capacity of the modified MCM-41 was found to be 47 and 49 mg g(-1) for uranium(VI) and thorium(IV), respectively. The sorbent exhibited good stability, reusability, high adsorption capacity and fast rate of equilibrium for sorption/desorption of uranium and thorium ions. The applicability of the synthesized sorbent was examined using CRM and real water samples.

Removal of hexavalent chromium by biosorption process in rotating packed bed.

PubMed

Panda, M; Bhowal, A; Datta, S

2011-10-01

Removal of hexavalent chromium ions from an aqueous solution by crude tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit shell was examined in a rotating packed bed contactor by continuously recirculating a given volume of solution through the bed. Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within the biosorbent appeared to be the removal mechanism. Depletion rate of Cr(VI) from, and release of reduced Cr(III) ions into the aqueous phase, was influenced by mass transfer resistance besides pH and packing depth. A mathematical model considering the reduction reaction to be irreversible and incorporating intraparticle and external phase mass transfer resistances represented the experimental data adequately. The study indicated that the limitations of fixed bed contactor operating under terrestrial gravity in intensifying mass transfer rates for this system can be overcome with rotating packed bed due to liquid flow under centrifugal acceleration.

Phase transitions in Group III-V and II-VI semiconductors at high pressure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, S. C.; Liu, C. Y.; Spain, I. L.; Skelton, E. F.

1979-01-01

The structures and transition pressures of Group III-V and II-VI semiconductors and of a pseudobinary system (Ga/x/In/1-x/Sb) have been investigated. Results indicate that GaP, InSb, GaSb, GaAs and possible AlP assume Metallic structures at high pressures; a tetragonal, beta-Sn-like structure is adopted by only InSb and GaSb. The rocksalt phase is preferred in InP, InAs, AlSb, ZnO and ZnS. The model of Van Vechten (1973) gives transition pressures which are in good agreement with measured values, but must be refined to account for the occurrence of the ionic rocksalt structure in some compounds. In addition, discrepancies between the theoretical scaling values for volume changes at the semiconductor-to-metal transitions are observed.

Observations of O VI Emission from the Diffuse Interstellar Medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shelton, R. L.; Kruk, J. W.; Murphy, E. M.; Andersson, B. G.; Blair, W. P.; Dixon, W. V.; Edelstein, J.; Fullerton, A. W.; Gry, C.; Howk, J. C.;

Pressure-flow specificity of inspiratory muscle training.

PubMed

Tzelepis, G E; Vega, D L; Cohen, M E; Fulambarker, A M; Patel, K K; McCool, F D

1994-08-01

The inspiratory muscles (IM) can be trained by having a subject breathe through inspiratory resistive loads or by use of unloaded hyperpnea. These disparate training protocols are characterized by high inspiratory pressure (force) or high inspiratory flow (velocity), respectively. We tested the hypothesis that the posttraining improvements in IM pressure or flow performance are specific to training protocols in a way that is similar to force-velocity specificity of skeletal muscle training. IM training was accomplished in 15 normal subjects by use of three protocols: high inspiratory pressure-no flow (group A, n = 5), low inspiratory pressure-high flow (group B, n = 5), and intermediate inspiratory pressure and flow (group C, n = 5). A control group (n = 4) did no training. Before and after training, we measured esophageal pressure (Pes) and inspiratory flow (VI) during single maximal inspiratory efforts against a range of external resistances including an occluded airway. Efforts originated below relaxation volume (Vrel), and peak Pes and VI were measured at Vrel. Isovolume maximal Pes-VI plots were constructed to assess maximal inspiratory pressure-flow performance. Group A (pressure training) performed 30 maximal static inspiratory maneuvers at Vrel daily, group B (flow training) performed 30 sets of three maximal inspiratory maneuvers with no added external resistance daily, and group C (intermediate training) performed 30 maximal inspiratory efforts on a midrange external resistance (7 mm ID) daily. Subjects trained 5 days/wk for 6 wk. Data analysis included comparison of posttraining Pes-VI slopes among training groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

NASA Lidar system support and MOPA technology demonstration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughman, L. M.; Capuano, B.; Wayne, R. J.

1986-01-01

A series of lidar design and technology demonstration tasks in support of a CO2 lidar program is discussed. The first of these tasks is discussed in Section VI of this report under the heading of NASA Optical Lidar Design and it consists of detailed recommendations for the layout of a CO2 Doppler lidar incorporating then existing NASA optical components and mounts. The second phase of this work consisted of the design, development, and delivery to NASA of a novel acousto-optic laser frequency stabilization system for use with the existing NASA ring laser transmitter. The second major task in this program encompasses the design and experimental demonstration of a master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) laser transmitter utilizing a commercially available laser as the amplifier. The MOPA design including the low chirp master oscillator is discussed in detail. Experimental results are given for one, two and three pass amplification. The report includes operating procedures for the MOPA system.

Continued Development and Improvement of Pneumatic Heavy Vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robert J. Englar

2005-07-15

The objective of this applied research effort led by Georgia Tech Research Institute is the application of pneumatic aerodynamic technology previously developed and patented by us to the design of an appropriate Heavy Vehicle (HV) tractor-trailer configuration, and experimental confirmation of this pneumatic configuration's improved aerodynamic characteristics. In Phases I to IV of our previous DOE program (Reference 1), GTRI has developed, patented, wind-tunnel tested and road-tested blown aerodynamic devices for Pneumatic Heavy Vehicles (PHVs) and Pneumatic Sports Utility Vehicles (PSUVs). To further advance these pneumatic technologies towards HV and SUV applications, additional Phase V tasks were included in themore » first year of a continuing DOE program (Reference 2). Based on the results of the Phase IV full-scale test programs, these Phase V tasks extended the application of pneumatic aerodynamics to include: further economy and performance improvements; increased aerodynamic stability and control; and safety of operation of Pneumatic HVs. Continued development of a Pneumatic SUV was also conducted during the Phase V program. Phase V was completed in July, 2003; its positive results towards development and confirmation of this pneumatic technology are reported in References 3 and 4. The current Phase VI of this program was incrementally funded by DOE in order to continue this technology development towards a second fuel economy test on the Pneumatic Heavy Vehicle. The objectives of this current Phase VI research and development effort (Ref. 5) fall into two categories: (1) develop improved pneumatic aerodynamic technology and configurations on smaller-scale models of the advanced Pneumatic Heavy Vehicle (PHV); and based on these findings, (2) redesign, modify, and re-test the modified full-scale PHV test vehicle. This second objective includes conduct of an on-road preliminary road test of this configuration to prepare it for a second series of SAE Type-U fuel economy evaluations, as described in Ref. 5. Both objectives are based on the pneumatic technology already developed and confirmed for DOE OHVT/OAAT in Phases I-V. This new Phase VI effort was initiated by contract amendment to the Phase V effort using carryover FY02 funds. This were conducted under a new and distinct project number, GTRI Project A-6935, separate from the Phase I-IV program. However, the two programs are closely integrated, and thus Phase VI continues with the previous program and goals.« less

High-spatial resolution multispectral and panchromatic satellite imagery for mapping perennial desert plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alsharrah, Saad A.; Bruce, David A.; Bouabid, Rachid; Somenahalli, Sekhar; Corcoran, Paul A.

2015-10-01

The use of remote sensing techniques to extract vegetation cover information for the assessment and monitoring of land degradation in arid environments has gained increased interest in recent years. However, such a task can be challenging, especially for medium-spatial resolution satellite sensors, due to soil background effects and the distribution and structure of perennial desert vegetation. In this study, we utilised Pleiades high-spatial resolution, multispectral (2m) and panchromatic (0.5m) imagery and focused on mapping small shrubs and low-lying trees using three classification techniques: 1) vegetation indices (VI) threshold analysis, 2) pre-built object-oriented image analysis (OBIA), and 3) a developed vegetation shadow model (VSM). We evaluated the success of each approach using a root of the sum of the squares (RSS) metric, which incorporated field data as control and three error metrics relating to commission, omission, and percent cover. Results showed that optimum VI performers returned good vegetation cover estimates at certain thresholds, but failed to accurately map the distribution of the desert plants. Using the pre-built IMAGINE Objective OBIA approach, we improved the vegetation distribution mapping accuracy, but this came at the cost of over classification, similar to results of lowering VI thresholds. We further introduced the VSM which takes into account shadow for further refining vegetation cover classification derived from VI. The results showed significant improvements in vegetation cover and distribution accuracy compared to the other techniques. We argue that the VSM approach using high-spatial resolution imagery provides a more accurate representation of desert landscape vegetation and should be considered in assessments of desertification.

Large-Scale Operations Management Test of Use of the White Amur for Control of Problem Aquatic Plants. Report 3. Second Year Poststocking Results. Volume VI. The Water and Sediment Quality of Lake Conway, Florida.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

AD-A-11 701 ORANGE COUNTY POLLUTION CONTROL DEPT ORLANDO FL F/0 6/6 LARGE-SCALE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT TEST OF USE OF THE WHITE AMUR--ETC(U) AUG 82 H...8217 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT TEST OF USE OF THE WHITE AMUR FOR CONTROL -OF PROBLEM AQ.UATIC PLANTS SECOND YEAR POSTSTOCKING RESULTS Volume, Vt The Water...and Subetie) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED LARGE-SCALE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT TEST OF USE OF Report 3 of a series THE WHITE AMUR FOR CONTROL OF

Large-Scale Operations Management Test of Use of the White Amur for Control of Problem Aquatic Plants. Report 4. Third Year Poststocking Results. Volume VI. The Water and Sediment Quality of Lake Conway, Florida.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

RAI-RI247443 LARGE-SCALE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT TEST OF USE OF THE i/i UNITE AMUR FOR CONTR.. (U) MILLER RND MILLER INC ORLANDO FL H D MILLER ET RL...LARGE-SCALE OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT TEST OF USE OF THE WHITE AMUR FOR CONTROL OF PROBLEM AQUATIC PLANTS Report 1: Baseline Studies Volume I...Boyd, J. 1983. "Large-Scale Operations Management Test of Use of the White Amur for Control of Problem Aquatic Plants; Report 4, Third Year Poststocking

Underground Test Area Subproject Phase I Data Analysis Task. Volume VIII - Risk Assessment Documentation Package

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

Volume VIII of the documentation for the Phase I Data Analysis Task performed in support of the current Regional Flow Model, Transport Model, and Risk Assessment for the Nevada Test Site Underground Test Area Subproject contains the risk assessment documentation. Because of the size and complexity of the model area, a considerable quantity of data was collected and analyzed in support of the modeling efforts. The data analysis task was consequently broken into eight subtasks, and descriptions of each subtask's activities are contained in one of the eight volumes that comprise the Phase I Data Analysis Documentation.

Underground Test Area Subproject Phase I Data Analysis Task. Volume VII - Tritium Transport Model Documentation Package

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

Volume VII of the documentation for the Phase I Data Analysis Task performed in support of the current Regional Flow Model, Transport Model, and Risk Assessment for the Nevada Test Site Underground Test Area Subproject contains the tritium transport model documentation. Because of the size and complexity of the model area, a considerable quantity of data was collected and analyzed in support of the modeling efforts. The data analysis task was consequently broken into eight subtasks, and descriptions of each subtask's activities are contained in one of the eight volumes that comprise the Phase I Data Analysis Documentation.

Task Descriptions in Diagnostic Radiology. Research Report No. 7. Volume 3, Machine-Related, Patient Care and Administrative Tasks: What Radiologists, Technologists, Nurses and Physicists Do to Run Things and Look After Patients and Equipment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilpatrick, Eleanor

The third of four volumes in Research Report No. 7 of the Health Services Mobility Study (HSMS), this book contains 149 diagnostic radiologist task descriptions that cover activities in the area of nursing (patient care), film processing, quality assurance, radiation protection, machine maintenance, housekeeping, and administration at the…

Salt partitioning between water and high-pressure ices. Implication for the dynamics and habitability of icy moons and water-rich planetary bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Journaux, Baptiste; Daniel, Isabelle; Petitgirard, Sylvain; Cardon, Hervé; Perrillat, Jean-Philippe; Caracas, Razvan; Mezouar, Mohamed

2017-04-01

Water-rich planetary bodies including large icy moons and ocean exoplanets may host a deep liquid water ocean underlying a high-pressure icy mantle. The latter is often considered as a limitation to the habitability of the uppermost ocean because it would limit the availability of nutrients resulting from the hydrothermal alteration of the silicate mantle located beneath the deep ice layer. To assess the effects of salts on the physical properties of high-pressure ices and therefore the possible chemical exchanges and habitability inside H2O-rich planetary bodies, we measured partitioning coefficients and densities in the H2O-RbI system up to 450 K and 4 GPa; RbI standing as an experimentally amenable analog of NaCl in the H2O-salt solutions. We measured the partitioning coefficient of RbI between the aqueous fluid and ices VI and VII, using in-situ Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). With in-situ X-ray diffraction, we measured the unit-cell parameters and the densities of the high-pressure ice phases in equilibrium with the aqueous fluid, at pressures and temperatures relevant to the interior of planetary bodies. We conclude that RbI is strongly incompatible towards ice VI with a partitioning coefficient Kd(VI-L) = 5.0 (± 2.1) ṡ10-3 and moderately incompatible towards ice VII, Kd(VII-L) = 0.12 (± 0.05). RbI significantly increases the unit-cell volume of ice VI and VII by ca. 1%. This implies that RbI-poor ice VI is buoyant compared to H2O ice VI while RbI-enriched ice VII is denser than H2O ice VII. These new experimental results might profoundly impact the internal dynamics of water-rich planetary bodies. For instance, an icy mantle at moderate conditions of pressure and temperature will consist of buoyant ice VI with low concentration of salt, and would likely induce an upwelling current of solutes towards the above liquid ocean. In contrast, a deep and/or thick icy mantle of ice VII will be enriched in salt and hence would form a stable chemical boundary layer on top of the silicate mantle. Such a contrasted dynamics in the aqueous-ice VI-ice VII system would greatly influence the migration of nutrients towards the uppermost liquid ocean, thus controlling the habitability of moderate to large H2O-rich planetary bodies in our solar system (e.g., Ganymede, Titan, Calisto) and beyond.

Impact of the uranium (VI) speciation in mineralised urines on its extraction by calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups used in chromatography columns.

PubMed

Baghdadi, S; Bouvier-Capely, C; Ritt, A; Peroux, A; Fevrier, L; Rebiere, F; Agarande, M; Cote, G

2015-11-01

Actinides determination in urine samples is part of the analyses performed to monitor internal contamination in case of an accident or a terrorist attack involving nuclear matter. Mineralisation is the first step of any of these analyses. It aims at reducing the sample volume and at destroying all organic compounds present. The mineralisation protocol is usually based on a wet ashing step, followed by actinides co-precipitation and a furnace ashing step, before redissolution and the quantification of the actinides by the appropriate techniques. Amongst the existing methods to perform the actinides co-precipitation, alkali-earth (typically calcium) precipitation is widely used. In the present work, the extraction of uranium(VI), plutonium(IV) and americium(III) from the redissolution solutions (called "mineralised urines") on calix[6]arene columns bearing hydroxamic groups was investigated as such an extraction is a necessary step before their determination by ICP-MS or alpha spectrometry. Difficulties were encountered in the transfer of uranium(VI) from raw to mineralised urines, with yield of transfer ranging between 0% and 85%, compared to about 90% for Pu and Am, depending on the starting raw urines. To understand the origin of such a difficulty, the speciation of uranium (VI) in mineralised urines was investigated by computer simulation using the MEDUSA software and the associated HYDRA database, compiled with recently published data. These calculations showed that the presence of phosphates in the "mineralised urines" leads to the formation of strong uranyl-phosphate complexes (such as UO2HPO4) which compete with the uranium (VI) extraction by the calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups. The extraction constant of uranium (VI) by calix[6]arene bearing hydroxamic groups was determined in a 0.04 mol L(-1) sodium nitrate solution (logK=4.86±0.03) and implemented in an extraction model taking into account the speciation in the aqueous phase. This model allowed to simulate satisfactorily the experimental uranium extraction data and to support the preliminary conclusions about the role of the phosphates present in mineralised urines. These calculations also showed that the phosphate/calcium ratio is a key parameter as far as the efficiency of the uranium (VI) extraction by the calix[6]arene columns is concerned. It predicted that the addition of CaCl2 in mineralised urines would release uranium (VI) from phosphates by forming calcium (II)-phosphate complexes and thus facilitate the uranium (VI) extraction on calix[6]arene columns. These predictions were confirmed experimentally as the addition of 0.1 mol L(-1) CaCl2 to a mineralised urine containing naturally a high concentration of phosphate (typically 0.04 mol L(-1)) significantly increased the percentage of uranium (VI) extraction on the calix[6]arene columns. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contributions of basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens subregions to mediating motivational conflict during punished reward-seeking.

PubMed

Piantadosi, Patrick T; Yeates, Dylan C M; Wilkins, Mathew; Floresco, Stan B

2017-04-01

The involvement of different nodes within meso-cortico-limbic-striatal circuitry in mediating reward-seeking has been well described, yet comparatively less is known about how such circuitry may regulate appetitively-motivated behaviors that may be punished. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is one nucleus that has been implicated in suppressing punished reward-seeking, and this structure can modulate goal-directed behavior via projections to subregions of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here, we examined the effects of reversible inactivations of the BLA, NAc Shell (NAcS), and core (NAcC) on performance of a "Conflict" task where rats pressed a lever for sucrose reinforcement during three distinct 5min phases. During the first and last phases of a session, rats lever-pressed for food reward delivered on a VI-15/FR5 schedule. In between these phases was a signaled "Conflict" period, where each lever-press yielded food, but 50% of presses were also punished with foot-shock. Under control conditions, well-trained rats responded vigorously during the two "safe" VI-15/FR5 periods, but reduced responding during the punished Conflict period. Inactivation of either the BLA or the NAcS via infusions of baclofen/muscimol disinhibited punished seeking, increasing lever-pressing during the conflict period, while attenuating pressing during VI-15/FR5 phases. In contrast, NAcC inactivation markedly decreased responding across all three phases. Similar inactivation of the BLA or NAcS did not alter responding in a separate control experiment where rats pressed for food on schedules identical to the Conflict task in the absence of any punishment, while NAcC inactivation again suppressed responding. These results imply that BLA and NAcS are part of a circuit that suppresses reward-seeking in the face of danger, which in turn may have implications for disorders characterized by punishment resistance, including substance abuse and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modeling MultiCoil ICPs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolobov, V. I.; Vaidya, N.; Krishnan, A.

1998-10-01

Plasma processing of 300 mm wafers and flat panels places stringent demands on plasma uniformity across large surfaces. A natural solution towards an uniform plasma in a minimum discharge volume is to maintain the plasma by an array of individual sources. Although the design of the individual sources can differ considerably, there is a common feature for all such devices which have been recently suggested by several groups: their essentially 3D geometry. Engineering design of these devices is a challenging task and computational modeling could be a very useful tool. CFD Research Corp. has developed a comprehensive software for virtual prototyping of ICP sources designed for complex 3D geometries with unstructured solution-adaptive mesh. In this paper we shall present the results of our simulation of the multipole high density source [1] which is an example of MultiCoil ICP. We shall describe the procedure of solving the electromagnetic part of the problem using magnetic vector potential and analyse design issues such as the size of dielectric windows. We shall present results of parametric studies of the source for different geometries, gas pressures and plasma densities for simple argon chemistry. [1] J.Ogle. Proc. VI Int. Workshop on Advanced Plasma Tools and Process Engineering, pp. 85-90, May 1998, Millbrae, USA.

PROGRAM ASTEC (ADVANCED SOLAR TURBO ELECTRIC CONCEPT). PART IV. SOLAR COLLECTOR DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT TASKS. VOL. VI. DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES TO PREDICT THE STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF PETAL-TYPE SOLAR COLLECTORS.

DTIC Science & Technology

The design of large petal-type paraboloidal solar collectors for the ASTEC Program requires a capability for determining the distortion and stress...analysis of a parabolic curved beam is given along with a numerical solution and digital program. The dynamic response of the ASTEC flight-test vehicle is discussed on the basis of modal analysis.

Munitions Operations AFSC 465X0

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

ul MIO 4P ~ d r V-LO 4 & #A M-.0 > > 090 L 00M- 41C 40up0$. C- VI cE 10.0 41 S S E- 5- 3, CL0. #A 4 $- L to L 4 0 0 V0 0 004-)0U 4 V> L . L 5CL.U C...AFSC may be somewhat outdated even asthis OSR is printed. Great caution should be used in applying the computer-oriented tasks to career field

The Evolution of U.S.-Turkish Relations in a Transatlantic Context

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

THE EVOLUTION OF U.s.-TURKIsH RELATIONs IN A TRANsATLANTIC CONTEXT Colloquium Report Frances G. Burwell Editor April 2008 This publication is a work ...PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army War College,Strategic Studies...need to continue addressing the issues identified. vi Such work should prove valuable to policymakers of both countries in their efforts to improve

A Study of Job Demands and Curriculum Development in Agricultural Training Related to the Muskegon County Wastewater Management System. Final Report. Volume II. Task Analysis Results.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher, Harold S.; And Others

This is the second volume of a four-volume report of a research project designed to (1) identify job needs for agricultural occupations which will result from the Muskegon County Wastewater Management System and perform a task analysis on each occupation, (2) develop instructional modules and determine their place in either high school or 2-year…

Neural and vascular variability and the fMRI-BOLD response in normal aging

PubMed Central

Kannurpatti, Sridhar S.; Motes, Michael A.; Rypma, Bart; Biswal, Bharat B.

2010-01-01

Neural, vascular and structural variables contributing to the BOLD signal response variability were investigated in younger and older humans. Twelve younger healthy human subjects (6M and 6F; mean age: 24 years; range: 19–27 years) and twelve older healthy subjects (5M and 7F; mean age: 58 years; range: 55–71 years) with no history of head trauma and neurological disease were scanned. FMRI measurements using the BOLD contrast were made when participants performed a motor, cognitive or a breath hold task. Activation volume and the BOLD response amplitude were estimated for the younger and older at both group and subject levels. Mean activation volume was reduced by 45, 40 and 38% in the elderly group during the motor, cognitive and breath hold tasks respectively compared to the younger. Reduction in activation volume was substantially higher compared to the reduction in the gray matter volume of 14% in the older compared to the younger. A significantly larger variability in the inter-subject BOLD signal change occurred during the motor task, compared to the cognitive task. BH-induced BOLD signal change between subjects was significantly less-variable in the motor task-activated areas in the younger compared to older whereas such a difference between age groups was not observed during the cognitive task. Hemodynamic scaling using the BH signal substantially reduced the BOLD signal variability during the motor task compared to the cognitive task. The results indicate that the origin of the BOLD signal variability between subjects was predominantly vascular during the motor task while being principally a consequence of neural variability during the cognitive task. Thus, in addition to gray matter differences, the type of task performed can have different vascular variability weighting that can influence age-related differences in brain functional response. PMID:20117893

Neural and vascular variability and the fMRI-BOLD response in normal aging.

PubMed

Kannurpatti, Sridhar S; Motes, Michael A; Rypma, Bart; Biswal, Bharat B

2010-05-01

Neural, vascular and structural variables contributing to the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal response variability were investigated in younger and older humans. Twelve younger healthy human subjects (six male and six female; mean age: 24 years; range: 19-27 years) and 12 older healthy subjects (five male and seven female; mean age: 58 years; range: 55-71 years) with no history of head trauma and neurological disease were scanned. Functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements using the BOLD contrast were made when participants performed a motor, cognitive or a breath hold (BH) task. Activation volume and the BOLD response amplitude were estimated for the younger and older at both group and subject levels. Mean activation volume was reduced by 45%, 40% and 38% in the elderly group during the motor, cognitive and BH tasks, respectively, compared to the younger. Reduction in activation volume was substantially higher compared to the reduction in the gray matter volume of 14% in the older compared to the younger. A significantly larger variability in the intersubject BOLD signal change occurred during the motor task, compared to the cognitive task. BH-induced BOLD signal change between subjects was significantly less-variable in the motor task-activated areas in the younger compared to older whereas such a difference between age groups was not observed during the cognitive task. Hemodynamic scaling using the BH signal substantially reduced the BOLD signal variability during the motor task compared to the cognitive task. The results indicate that the origin of the BOLD signal variability between subjects was predominantly vascular during the motor task while being principally a consequence of neural variability during the cognitive task. Thus, in addition to gray matter differences, the type of task performed can have different vascular variability weighting that can influence age-related differences in brain functional response. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automation Applications in an Advance Air Traffic Management System : Volume IIB : Functional Analysis of Air Traffic Management (Cont'd)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 2 contains the analysis and description of air traffic management activities at three levels of detail - functions, subfunctions, and tasks. A total of 265 tasks are identified and described, and the flow of information inputs and outputs amon...

REACH. Teacher's Guide, Volume III. Task Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, James Lee; And Others

Designed for use with individualized instructional units (CE 026 345-347, CE 026 349-351) in the electromechanical cluster, this third volume of the postsecondary teacher's guide presents the task analysis which was used in the development of the REACH (Refrigeration, Electro-Mechanical, Air Conditioning, Heating) curriculum. The major blocks of…

Automated Applications in an Advanced Air Traffic Management System : Volume 2B. Functional Analysis of Air Traffic Management (Cont'd.)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 2 contains the analysis and description of air traffic management activities at three levels of detail - functions, subfunctions, and tasks. A total of 265 tasks are identified and described, and the flow of information inputs and outputs amon...

Automation Applications in an Advanced Air Traffic Management System : Volume 2A. Functional Analysis of Air Traffic Management.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 2 contains the analysis and description of air traffic management activities at three levels of detail - functions, subfunctions, and tasks. A total of 265 tasks are identified and described, and the flow of information inputs and outputs amon...

Automation Applications in an Advanced Air Traffic Management System : Volume 2C. Functional Analysis of Air Traffic Management (Cont.'d)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 2 contains the analysis and description of air traffic management activities at three levels of detail - functions, subfunctions, and tasks. A total of 265 tasks are identified and described, and the flow of information inputs and outputs amon...

OSA Proceedings on Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics. Volume 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

Weisbuch, and G. A. Mourou vi Optical Phonon-Assisted Tunneling in Double Quantum - Well Structures ........ 111 Y Oberli, Jagdeep Shah, T. C. Damen, R. F...GaAs Quantum Wells During Photoexcitation .......................................... 158 Stephen M. Goodnick and Paolo Lugli Phonons and Phonon...246 R. A. Buhnnan Optical Detection of Resonant Tunneling of Electrons in Quantum Wells ........ 247 G. Livescu, A. M, Fox, T. Sizer, W. H. Knox, and

Social and Political Event Data to Support Army Requirements: Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-11-01

available information . Geographic data at the city level is not enough spatial fidelity for tactical-level analyses. Vi- olent Events Socio-Cultural...analyze and/or visualize the data to produce mission-relevant information . Hand-coded datasets can be more precise, but they require added time and labor...Figure 4. Process to transform event data into mission-relevant information . ................... 35 Tables Table 1. Sources of event data

Implications of Environmental Regulations for Energy Production and Consumption. Analytical Studies for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commission on Natural Resources.

This report is one of a series prepared by the National Research Council for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report takes a critical look at the relationship of energy and the environment and focuses on three main policy questions: (1) Do environmental regulations make too great a demand on scarce resources of energy and the…

Key Facts about the Children. A Report on the Status of Florida's Children: Volume VI. The 1996 Florida Kids Count Data Book.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of South Florida, Tampa. Florida Center for Children and Youth.

This Kids Count report investigates county and statewide trends in the well-being of Florida's children. The statistical report is based on indicators of well-being in six areas: (1) child poverty; (2) births, including prenatal care access, infant mortality, low birth weight, and percent of births to unwed mothers; (3) teen parenthood; (4) child…

Chemical Degradation of PCBs in Alaskan Soils

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

problem was encountered by the Hawaii District (i.e., small volumes of PCB -contaminated soils at remote island sites). A previous study conducted by ERDC... Marshall . 2007. Simultaneous mobilization of heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) compounds from soil with cyclodextrin and EDTA in...ER D C/ EL T R- 11 -3 Innovative Technology Advocate – Formerly Used Defense Sites Chemical Degradation of PCBs in Alaskan Soils En vi

Rehabilitation with dental prosthesis can increase cerebral regional blood volume.

PubMed

Miyamoto, Ikuya; Yoshida, Kazuya; Tsuboi, Yoichi; Iizuka, Tadahiko

2005-12-01

Treatment with denture for edentulous people is highly important for maintaining quality of life. However, its effect on the brain is unknown. In this experimental study, we hypothesized that dental prosthesis can recover not only the physical condition of mastication system but also the regional brain activity. We evaluated functional brain imaging of edentulous subjects fixed by dental implant prosthesis with clenching tasks by multi-channel near-infrared optical topography. Results revealed a significantly (P<0.001; paired t-test) increased cerebral regional blood volume during maximum voluntary clenching task by implant-retained prosthesis. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without prosthesis in the latency to the maximum regional blood volume after the task. Conclusively, clenching can be effective for increasing cerebral blood volume; accordingly maintenance of normal chewing might prevent the brain from degenerating.

Advanced Residual Strength Degradation Rate Modeling for Advanced Composite Structures. Volume II. Tasks II and III.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

ADVANCED COMPOSITE STRUCTURES VOLUME II - TASKS Ix AND III K. N. Lauraitis Tl J. T. Ryder ?l4 D. E. Pettit ~ Lockheed-California Company S Burbank...Strength Degradation Rate Final Report Modeling for Advanced Composite Structures 1 July 1979 to 29 May 1981 Vol II - Task II and III S. PERFORMIN ONG...identify by block namber) composites , graphite/epoxy, impact damage, damaged holes, fatigue, damage propagation, residual strength, NDI 20. ABSTRACT

Maintenance Resources by Building Use for U.S. Army Installations. Volume 2. Appendices A through H

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

Installations, Volume II: Appendices A Through H RDTE dated 1980REIMB 1984 6 . AUTHOR(S) Edgar S. Neely and Robert D. Neathammer 7 . PERFORML’JG...Recurring Maintenance Factor 1.10 MRT For Major Cost Tasks and Replacement Tasks Decade 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .050 .190 .240 .300 .280...Special Condition Multiplier 1.00 Annual Recurring Maintenance Factor .79 MRT For Major Cost Tasks and Replacement Tasks Decade 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 0

Convection Enhanced Delivery: A Comparison of infusion characteristics in ex vivo and in vivo non-human primate brain tissue.

PubMed

Miranpuri, Gurwattan; Hinchman, Angelica; Wang, Anyi; Schomberg, Dominic; Kubota, Ken; Brady, Martin; Raghavan, Raghu; Bruner, Kevin; Brodsky, Ethan; Block, Walter; Grabow, Ben; Raschke, Jim; Alexander, Andrew; Ross, Chris; Simmons, Heather; Sillay, Karl

2013-07-01

Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is emerging as a promising infusion toolto facilitate delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain via mechanically controlled pumps. Infusion protocols and catheter design have an important impact on delivery. CED is a valid alternative for systemic administration of agents in clinical trials for cell and gene therapies. Where gel and ex vivo models are not sufficient in modeling the disease, in vivo models allow researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms of neuron degeneration, which is helpful in finding novel approaches to control the process or reverse the progression. Determining the risks, benefits, and efficacy of new gene therapies introduced via CED will pave a way to enter human clinical trial. The objective of this study is to compare volume distribution (Vd)/ volume infused (Vi) ratios and backflow measurements following CED infusions in ex vivo versus in vivo non-human primate brain tissue, based on infusion protocols developed in vitro. In ex vivo infusions, the first brain received 2 infusions using a balloon catheter at rates of 1 μL/min and 2 μL/min for 30 minutes. The second and third brains received infusions using a valve-tip (VT) catheter at 1 μL/min for 30 minutes. The fourth brain received a total of 45 μL infused at a rate of 1 μL/min for 15 minutes followed by 2 μL/min for 15 minutes. Imaging was performed (SPGR FA34) every 3 minutes. In the in vivo group, 4 subjects received a total of 8 infusions of 50 μL. Subjects 1 and 2 received infusions at 1.0 μL/min using a VT catheter in the left hemisphere and a smart-flow (SF) catheter in the right hemisphere. Subjects 3 and 4 each received 1 infusion in the left and right hemisphere at 1.0 μL/min. MRI calculations of Vd/Vi did not significantly differ from those obtained on post-mortem pathology. The mean measured Vd/Vi of in vivo (5.23 + /-1.67) compared to ex vivo (2.17 + /-1.39) demonstrated a significantly larger Vd/Vi for in vivo by 2.4 times (p = 0.0017). We detected higher ratios in the in vivo subjects than in ex vivo. This difference could be explained by the extra cellular space volume fraction. Studies evaluating backflow and morphology use in vivo tissue as a medium are recommended. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate the role blood pressure and heart rate may play in human CED clinical trials.

Patterns of lung volume use during an extemporaneous speech task in persons with Parkinson disease.

PubMed

Bunton, Kate

2005-01-01

This study examined patterns of lung volume use in speakers with Parkinson disease (PD) during an extemporaneous speaking task. The performance of a control group was also examined. Behaviors described are based on acoustic, kinematic and linguistic measures. Group differences were found in breath group duration, lung volume initiation, and lung volume termination measures. Speakers in the control group alternated between a longer and shorter breath groups. With starting lung volumes being higher for the longer breath groups and lower for shorter breath groups. Speech production was terminated before reaching tidal end expiratory level. This pattern was also seen in 4 of 7 speakers with PD. The remaining 3 PD speakers initiated speech at low starting lung volumes and continued speaking below EEL. This subgroup of PD speakers ended breath groups at agrammatical boundaries, whereas control speakers ended at appropriate grammatical boundaries. As a result of participating in this exercise, the reader will (1) be able to describe the patterns of lung volume use in speakers with Parkinson disease and compare them with those employed by control speakers; and (2) obtain information about the influence of speaking task on speech breathing.

ViDI: Virtual Diagnostics Interface. Volume 1; The Future of Wind Tunnel Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fleming, Gary A. (Technical Monitor); Schwartz, Richard J.

2004-01-01

The quality of data acquired in a given test facility ultimately resides within the fidelity and implementation of the instrumentation systems. Over the last decade, the emergence of robust optical techniques has vastly expanded the envelope of measurement possibilities. At the same time the capabilities for data processing, data archiving and data visualization required to extract the highest level of knowledge from these global, on and off body measurement techniques have equally expanded. Yet today, while the instrumentation has matured to the production stage, an optimized solution for gaining knowledge from the gigabytes of data acquired per test (or even per test point) is lacking. A technological void has to be filled in order to possess a mechanism for near-real time knowledge extraction during wind tunnel experiments. Under these auspices, the Virtual Diagnostics Interface, or ViDI, was developed.

The Effect of a Workload-Preview on Task-Prioritization and Task-Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minotra, Dev

2012-01-01

With increased volume and sophistication of cyber attacks in recent years, maintaining situation awareness and effective task-prioritization strategy is critical to the task of cybersecurity analysts. However, high levels of mental-workload associated with the task of cybersecurity analyst's limits their ability to prioritize tasks.…

Research on Fire-Resistant Diesel Fuel Flammability Mitigation Mechanisms

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

Naegeli U.S. Army Fuels and Lubricants Research Laboratory Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas Under Contract to U.S. Army Mobility Equipment...David Naegeli DAAK70-80-C-0001 DAAK70-82-C-0001 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESSES 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT. TASK U.S. Army Fuels and...water-containing diesel fuel blends. 43 VI. LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Weatherford, W.D., Jr., Fodor, G.E., Naegeli , D.W., Wright, B.R., Owens, E.C., and

Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multistrategy Learning (2nd) Held in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia on May 26-29, 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-26

aic.gmu.edu, Tel: 703 993-1719, Fax: 703 993-3729 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or... Public Health Data ....................... 309 John W. Sheppard Author Index vi I. General Issues 3 Multitype Inference in Multistrategy Task-adaptive...0.7 values were chosen because experience This description has appeared already in many showed they facilitated GenNet dynamics). publications (e.g. de

Evaluation of CONAP Concept for Advanced ABM Nosetips

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

AU~ ~ MMRCOT 63 EVALUATION OF CONAP CONCEPT. FOR MNS AANCED AOA WOS Nciveniber97O6𔃼iJ ’Archie Ossin , Paul KendallI -Martin MariettaAerospace -POstOf...29 May 1974 through 30 June 1976. Mr. Archie Ossin was the task leader and Mr. William A. Bauman was program manager. v/vi CONTENTS Summary...followed by full scale ground tests in a rocket exhaust facility should be performed. 50 REFERENCES 1. Ossin , A., Cawthon, D. M. "Evaluation of the CONAP

Familiarity breeds contempt: combining proximity loggers and GPS reveals female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) avoiding close contact with neighbors.

PubMed

Tosa, Marie I; Schauber, Eric M; Nielsen, Clayton K

2015-01-01

Social interactions can influence infectious disease dynamics, particularly for directly transmitted pathogens. Therefore, reliable information on contact frequency within and among groups can better inform disease modeling and management. We compared three methods of assessing contact patterns: (1) space-use overlap (volume of interaction [VI]), (2) direct contact rates measured by simultaneous global positioning system (GPS) locations (<10 m apart), and (3) direct contact rates measured by proximity loggers (PLs; 1-m detection) among female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We calculated the PL∶GPS contact ratios to see whether both devices reveal similar contact patterns and thus predict similar pathogen transmission patterns. Contact rates measured by GPS and PLs were similarly high for two within-group dyads (pairs of deer in the same social groups). Dyads representing separate but neighboring groups (high VI) had PL∶GPS contact ratios near zero, whereas dyads further apart (intermediate VI) had higher PL∶GPS contact ratios. Social networks based on PL contacts showed the fewest connected individuals and lowest mean centrality measures; network metrics were intermediate when based on GPS contacts and greatest when based on VI. Thus, the VI network portrayed animals to be more uniformly and strongly connected than did the PL network. We conclude that simultaneous GPS locations, compared with PLs, substantially underestimate the impact of group membership on direct contact rates of female deer and make networks appear more connected. We also present evidence that deer coming within the general vicinity of each other are less likely to come in close contact if they are in neighboring social groups than deer whose home ranges overlap little if at all. Combined, these results provide evidence that direct transmission of disease agents among female and juvenile white-tailed deer is likely to be constrained both spatially and by social structure, more so than GPS data alone would suggest.

On stable exponential cosmological solutions with non-static volume factor in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivashchuk, V. D.; Ernazarov, K. K.

2017-01-01

A (n + 1)-dimensional gravitational model with cosmological constant and Gauss-Bonnet term is studied. The ansatz with diagonal cosmological metrics is adopted and solutions with exponential dependence of scale factors: ai ˜ exp (vit), i = 1, …, n, are considered. The stability analysis of the solutions with non-static volume factor is presented. We show that the solutions with v 1 = v 2 = v 3 = H > 0 and small enough variation of the effective gravitational constant G are stable if certain restriction on (vi ) is obeyed. New examples of stable exponential solutions with zero variation of G in dimensions D = 1 + m + 2 with m > 2 are presented.

Environmental Fate of Hydrazines

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-01

adsorbent 0 - density (g/mL) of the liquid hydrazine FW - formula weight (g/mol) of the hydrazine wt = weight of adsorbent (grams) Vi M volume of i-th...8217 hydrazine, monomethyihydrazine (f4MH), and unsymmetrical dimethyihydrazine ( UDMH ) have been studied to assess the impact of these propellants on the...and permeation through the walls. Half-lives of 40, 19, and 60 hours were found for hydrazine, MMH, and UDMH , respectively. Metal surfaces were found to

Advanced Waste Treatment, Wastewater Technology: A Two-Year Post High School Instructional Program. An Instructor's Guide for Use of Instructional Material in Wastewater Technology Training Programs. Volume VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gearheart, Robert A.; And Others

This document is one in a series which outlines performance objectives and instructional modules for a course of study which explains the relationship and functions of the process units in a wastewater treatment plant. The modules are arranged in order appropriate for teaching students with no experience. The modules can also be rearranged and…

Federal Regulations and Higher Education: An Overview for College and University Administrators: Part II. Administrator's Update, Volume 2, Number 2, Fall, 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stein, Ronald H.; Zuckerman, Judy

As an aid to college administrators, information is presented on the following regulations: (1) Protection of Human Subjects; (2) Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972; (3) the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; and (4) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The purpose of the guide is to sensitize administrators to the…

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 57, Number 6, December 1922

DTIC Science & Technology

1922-12-01

theorems ; Chapter III, to application; Chapters IV, V and VI, to infinitesimals and differentials, trigonometric functions, and logarithms and...taneously." There are chapters on complex numbers with simple and direct discussion of the roots of unity; on elementary theorems on the roots of an...through the centuries from the time of Pythagoras , an interest shared on the one extreme by nearly every noted mathematician and on the other extreme by

Development and Experimental Application of International Affairs Indicators. Volume B. Supportive Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-01

i INDICATORS Approaches to Early Warning The Quantitative Indicators Approach: A ... 5 Summary Indicators and Early Warning...Indicators for Early ^ Wa rning 3. Quantitative Signs of Unusual or Ominous Activity 9 13 4. Simulated Cables 25 5 . TEXSCAN...Behavior) for Czechoslovakia 1 mmmmm mmm LIST OF FIGURES vi Pa£« 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 . 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. U. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18

Deburring: an annotated bibliography. Volume VI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gillespie, L.K.

1980-07-01

An annotated summary of 138 articles and publications on burrs, burr prevention and deburring is presented. Thirty-seven deburring processes are listed. Entries cited include English, Russian, French, Japanese, and German language articles. Entries are indexed by deburring processes, author, and language. Indexes also indicate which references discuss equipment and tooling, how to use a proces economics, burr properties, and how to design to minimize burr problems. Research studies are identified as are the materials deburred.

A Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Interactive Visualization of Terascale Microscopy Data

PubMed Central

Venkat, A.; Christensen, C.; Gyulassy, A.; Summa, B.; Federer, F.; Angelucci, A.; Pascucci, V.

2017-01-01

The goal of the recently emerged field of connectomics is to generate a wiring diagram of the brain at different scales. To identify brain circuitry, neuroscientists use specialized microscopes to perform multichannel imaging of labeled neurons at a very high resolution. CLARITY tissue clearing allows imaging labeled circuits through entire tissue blocks, without the need for tissue sectioning and section-to-section alignment. Imaging the large and complex non-human primate brain with sufficient resolution to identify and disambiguate between axons, in particular, produces massive data, creating great computational challenges to the study of neural circuits. Researchers require novel software capabilities for compiling, stitching, and visualizing large imagery. In this work, we detail the image acquisition process and a hierarchical streaming platform, ViSUS, that enables interactive visualization of these massive multi-volume datasets using a standard desktop computer. The ViSUS visualization framework has previously been shown to be suitable for 3D combustion simulation, climate simulation and visualization of large scale panoramic images. The platform is organized around a hierarchical cache oblivious data layout, called the IDX file format, which enables interactive visualization and exploration in ViSUS, scaling to the largest 3D images. In this paper we showcase the VISUS framework used in an interactive setting with the microscopy data. PMID:28638896

A Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Interactive Visualization of Terascale Microscopy Data.

PubMed

Venkat, A; Christensen, C; Gyulassy, A; Summa, B; Federer, F; Angelucci, A; Pascucci, V

2016-08-01

The goal of the recently emerged field of connectomics is to generate a wiring diagram of the brain at different scales. To identify brain circuitry, neuroscientists use specialized microscopes to perform multichannel imaging of labeled neurons at a very high resolution. CLARITY tissue clearing allows imaging labeled circuits through entire tissue blocks, without the need for tissue sectioning and section-to-section alignment. Imaging the large and complex non-human primate brain with sufficient resolution to identify and disambiguate between axons, in particular, produces massive data, creating great computational challenges to the study of neural circuits. Researchers require novel software capabilities for compiling, stitching, and visualizing large imagery. In this work, we detail the image acquisition process and a hierarchical streaming platform, ViSUS, that enables interactive visualization of these massive multi-volume datasets using a standard desktop computer. The ViSUS visualization framework has previously been shown to be suitable for 3D combustion simulation, climate simulation and visualization of large scale panoramic images. The platform is organized around a hierarchical cache oblivious data layout, called the IDX file format, which enables interactive visualization and exploration in ViSUS, scaling to the largest 3D images. In this paper we showcase the VISUS framework used in an interactive setting with the microscopy data.

Face-Name Association Learning and Brain Structural Substrates in Alcoholism

PubMed Central

Pitel, Anne-Lise; Chanraud, Sandra; Rohlfing, Torsten; Pfefferbaum, Adolf; Sullivan, Edith V.

2011-01-01

Background Associative learning is required for face-name association and is impaired in alcoholism, but the cognitive processes and brain structural components underlying this deficit remain unclear. It is also unknown whether prompting alcoholics to implement a deep level of processing during face-name encoding would enhance performance. Methods Abstinent alcoholics and controls performed a levels-of-processing face-name learning task. Participants indicated whether the face was that of an honest person (deep encoding) or that of a man (shallow encoding). Retrieval was examined using an associative (face-name) recognition task and a single-item (face or name only) recognition task. Participants also underwent a 3T structural MRI. Results Compared with controls, alcoholics had poorer associative and single-item recognition, each impaired to the same extent. Level of processing at encoding had little effect on recognition performance but affected reaction time. Correlations with brain volumes were generally modest and based primarily on reaction time in alcoholics, where the deeper the processing at encoding, the more restricted the correlations with brain volumes. In alcoholics, longer control task reaction times correlated modestly with volumes across several anterior to posterior brain regions; shallow encoding correlated with calcarine and striatal volumes; deep encoding correlated with precuneus and parietal volumes; associative recognition RT correlated with cerebellar volumes. In controls, poorer associative recognition with deep encoding correlated significantly with smaller volumes of frontal and striatal structures. Conclusions Despite prompting, alcoholics did not take advantage of encoding memoranda at a deep level to enhance face-name recognition accuracy. Nonetheless, conditions of deeper encoding resulted in faster reaction times and more specific relations with regional brain volumes than did shallow encoding. The normal relation between associative recognition and corticostriatal volumes was not present in alcoholics. Rather, their speeded reaction time occurred at the expense of accuracy and was related most robustly to cerebellar volumes. PMID:22509954

Face-name association learning and brain structural substrates in alcoholism.

PubMed

Pitel, Anne-Lise; Chanraud, Sandra; Rohlfing, Torsten; Pfefferbaum, Adolf; Sullivan, Edith V

2012-07-01

Associative learning is required for face-name association and is impaired in alcoholism, but the cognitive processes and brain structural components underlying this deficit remain unclear. It is also unknown whether prompting alcoholics to implement a deep level of processing during face-name encoding would enhance performance. Abstinent alcoholics and controls performed a levels-of-processing face-name learning task. Participants indicated whether the face was that of an honest person (deep encoding) or that of a man (shallow encoding). Retrieval was examined using an associative (face-name) recognition task and a single-item (face or name only) recognition task. Participants also underwent 3T structural MRI. Compared with controls, alcoholics had poorer associative and single-item learning and performed at similar levels. Level of processing at encoding had little effect on recognition performance but affected reaction time (RT). Correlations with brain volumes were generally modest and based primarily on RT in alcoholics, where the deeper the processing at encoding, the more restricted the correlations with brain volumes. In alcoholics, longer control task RTs correlated modestly with smaller tissue volumes across several anterior to posterior brain regions; shallow encoding correlated with calcarine and striatal volumes; deep encoding correlated with precuneus and parietal volumes; and associative recognition RT correlated with cerebellar volumes. In controls, poorer associative recognition with deep encoding correlated significantly with smaller volumes of frontal and striatal structures. Despite prompting, alcoholics did not take advantage of encoding memoranda at a deep level to enhance face-name recognition accuracy. Nonetheless, conditions of deeper encoding resulted in faster RTs and more specific relations with regional brain volumes than did shallow encoding. The normal relation between associative recognition and corticostriatal volumes was not present in alcoholics. Rather, their speeded RTs occurred at the expense of accuracy and were related most robustly to cerebellar volumes. Copyright © 2012 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

The Effect of Instruction on the Acquisition of Conservation of Volume.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butts, David P.; Howe, Ann C.

Tested was the hypothesis that science instruction based on task analysis will lead to the acquisition of the ability to perform certain Piaget volume tasks which have been characterized as requiring formal operations for their solutions. A Test on Formal Operations and a Learning Hierarchies Test were given to fourth- and sixth-grade students in…

TASK-2: a K2P K+ channel with complex regulation and diverse physiological functions

PubMed Central

Cid, L. Pablo; Roa-Rojas, Hugo A.; Niemeyer, María I.; González, Wendy; Araki, Masatake; Araki, Kimi; Sepúlveda, Francisco V.

2013-01-01

TASK-2 (K2P5.1) is a two-pore domain K+ channel belonging to the TALK subgroup of the K2P family of proteins. TASK-2 has been shown to be activated by extra- and intracellular alkalinization. Extra- and intracellular pH-sensors reside at arginine 224 and lysine 245 and might affect separate selectivity filter and inner gates respectively. TASK-2 is modulated by changes in cell volume and a regulation by direct G-protein interaction has also been proposed. Activation by extracellular alkalinization has been associated with a role of TASK-2 in kidney proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption, whilst intracellular pH-sensitivity might be the mechanism for its participation in central chemosensitive neurons. In addition to these functions TASK-2 has been proposed to play a part in apoptotic volume decrease in kidney cells and in volume regulation of glial cells and T-lymphocytes. TASK-2 is present in chondrocytes of hyaline cartilage, where it is proposed to play a central role in stabilizing the membrane potential. Additional sites of expression are dorsal root ganglion neurons, endocrine and exocrine pancreas and intestinal smooth muscle cells. TASK-2 has been associated with the regulation of proliferation of breast cancer cells and could become target for breast cancer therapeutics. Further work in native tissues and cells together with genetic modification will no doubt reveal the details of TASK-2 functions that we are only starting to suspect. PMID:23908634

Using Motor Imagery to Study the Neural Substrates of Dynamic Balance

PubMed Central

Ferraye, Murielle Ursulla; Debû, Bettina; Heil, Lieke; Carpenter, Mark; Bloem, Bastiaan Roelof; Toni, Ivan

2014-01-01

This study examines the cerebral structures involved in dynamic balance using a motor imagery (MI) protocol. We recorded cerebral activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects imagined swaying on a balance board along the sagittal plane to point a laser at target pairs of different sizes (small, large). We used a matched visual imagery (VI) control task and recorded imagery durations during scanning. MI and VI durations were differentially influenced by the sway accuracy requirement, indicating that MI of balance is sensitive to the increased motor control necessary to point at a smaller target. Compared to VI, MI of dynamic balance recruited additional cortical and subcortical portions of the motor system, including frontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and mesencephalic locomotor region, the latter showing increased effective connectivity with the supplementary motor area. The regions involved in MI of dynamic balance were spatially distinct but contiguous to those involved in MI of gait (Bakker et al., 2008; Snijders et al., 2011; Crémers et al., 2012), in a pattern consistent with existing somatotopic maps of the trunk (for balance) and legs (for gait). These findings validate a novel, quantitative approach for studying the neural control of balance in humans. This approach extends previous reports on MI of static stance (Jahn et al., 2004, 2008), and opens the way for studying gait and balance impairments in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. PMID:24663383

Using motor imagery to study the neural substrates of dynamic balance.

PubMed

Ferraye, Murielle Ursulla; Debû, Bettina; Heil, Lieke; Carpenter, Mark; Bloem, Bastiaan Roelof; Toni, Ivan

2014-01-01

This study examines the cerebral structures involved in dynamic balance using a motor imagery (MI) protocol. We recorded cerebral activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging while subjects imagined swaying on a balance board along the sagittal plane to point a laser at target pairs of different sizes (small, large). We used a matched visual imagery (VI) control task and recorded imagery durations during scanning. MI and VI durations were differentially influenced by the sway accuracy requirement, indicating that MI of balance is sensitive to the increased motor control necessary to point at a smaller target. Compared to VI, MI of dynamic balance recruited additional cortical and subcortical portions of the motor system, including frontal cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum and mesencephalic locomotor region, the latter showing increased effective connectivity with the supplementary motor area. The regions involved in MI of dynamic balance were spatially distinct but contiguous to those involved in MI of gait (Bakker et al., 2008; Snijders et al., 2011; Crémers et al., 2012), in a pattern consistent with existing somatotopic maps of the trunk (for balance) and legs (for gait). These findings validate a novel, quantitative approach for studying the neural control of balance in humans. This approach extends previous reports on MI of static stance (Jahn et al., 2004, 2008), and opens the way for studying gait and balance impairments in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.

Virtual Platform for See Robustness Verification of Bootloader Embedded Software on Board Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Da Silva, A.; Sánchez Prieto, S.; Polo, O.; Parra Espada, P.

2013-05-01

Because of the tough robustness requirements in space software development, it is imperative to carry out verification tasks at a very early development stage to ensure that the implemented exception mechanisms work properly. All this should be done long time before the real hardware is available. But even if real hardware is available the verification of software fault tolerance mechanisms can be difficult since real faulty situations must be systematically and artificially brought about which can be imposible on real hardware. To solve this problem the Alcala Space Research Group (SRG) has developed a LEON2 virtual platform (Leon2ViP) with fault injection capabilities. This way it is posible to run the exact same target binary software as runs on the physical system in a more controlled and deterministic environment, allowing a more strict requirements verification. Leon2ViP enables unmanned and tightly focused fault injection campaigns, not possible otherwise, in order to expose and diagnose flaws in the software implementation early. Furthermore, the use of a virtual hardware-in-the-loop approach makes it possible to carry out preliminary integration tests with the spacecraft emulator or the sensors. The use of Leon2ViP has meant a signicant improvement, in both time and cost, in the development and verification processes of the Instrument Control Unit boot software on board Solar Orbiter's Energetic Particle Detector.

Bringing part of the lab to the field: On-site chromium speciation in seawater by electrodeposition of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) on portable coiled-filament assemblies and measurement in the lab by electrothermal, near-torch vaporization sample introduction and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badiei, Hamid R.; McEnaney, Jennifer; Karanassios, Vassili

2012-12-01

A field-deployable electrochemical approach to preconcentration, matrix clean up and selective electrodeposition of Cr(III) and Cr(III) + Cr(VI) in seawater is described. Using portable, battery-operated electrochemical instrumentation, Cr species in seawater were electrodeposited in the field on portable coiled-filament assemblies made from Re. Assemblies with dried residues of Cr(III) or Cr(III) + Cr(VI) on them were transported to the lab for concentration determination by electrothermal, near-torch vaporization (NTV) sample introduction and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Electrodeposition offers selective species deposition, preconcentration and matrix clean up from seawater samples. For selective deposition, free Cr(VI) was electrodeposited at - 0.3 V and Cr(III) + Cr(VI) at - 1.6 V (both vs Ag/AgCl). Interestingly, at 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and in the absence of an electrodeposition potential only Cr(VI) was spontaneously and selectively adsorbed on the coil and reasons for this are given. Due to preconcentration afforded by electrodeposition, the detection limits obtained after a 60 s electrodeposition at the voltages stated above using buffered (pH = 4.7) artificial seawater spiked with either Cr(III) or Cr(VI) were 20 pg/mL for Cr(III) and 10 pg/mL for Cr(VI). For comparison, the detection limit for Cr obtained by pipetting directly on the coil 5 μL of diluted standard solution was 500 pg/mL, thus it was concluded that electrodeposition offered 40 to 60 fold improvements. Matrix clean up is required due to the high salt content of seawater and this was addressed by simply rinsing the coil with 18.2 MΩ water without any loss of Cr species. Reasons for this are provided. The method was validated in the lab using buffered artificial seawater and it was used in the field for the first time by sampling seawater, buffering it and immediately electrodepositing Cr species on portable assemblies on-site. Electrodeposition in the field addressed species transformation during sample pre-treatment. Such transformations occur due to sample acidification and may take place during transport and possibly storage prior to analysis. Thus, electrodeposition in the field is more reflective of Cr species concentration at the environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) at the time of sampling. It also opens up the possibility for shipping to the lab portable assemblies with Cr species on them rather than shipping large volumes of sample to the lab, thus also reducing shipping, handling and storage costs.

Enhanced surveillance program FY97 accomplishments. Progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mauzy, A.; Laake, B.

1997-10-01

This annual report is one volume of the Enhanced Surveillance Program (ESP) FY97 Accomplishments. The complete accomplishments report consists of 11 volumes. Volume 1 includes an ESP overview and a summary of selected unclassified FY97 program highlights. Volume 1 specifically targets a general audience, reflecting about half of the tasks conducted in FY97 and emphasizing key program accomplishments and contributions. The remaining volumes of the accomplishments report are classified, organized by program focus area, and present in technical detail the progress achieved in each of the 104 FY97 program tasks. Focus areas are as follows: pits; high explosives; organics; dynamics;more » diagnostics; systems; secondaries; nonnuclear materials; nonnuclear components; and Surveillance Test Program upgrades.« less

Bayesian Action–Perception Computational Model: Interaction of Production and Recognition of Cursive Letters

PubMed Central

Gilet, Estelle; Diard, Julien; Bessière, Pierre

2011-01-01

In this paper, we study the collaboration of perception and action representations involved in cursive letter recognition and production. We propose a mathematical formulation for the whole perception–action loop, based on probabilistic modeling and Bayesian inference, which we call the Bayesian Action–Perception (BAP) model. Being a model of both perception and action processes, the purpose of this model is to study the interaction of these processes. More precisely, the model includes a feedback loop from motor production, which implements an internal simulation of movement. Motor knowledge can therefore be involved during perception tasks. In this paper, we formally define the BAP model and show how it solves the following six varied cognitive tasks using Bayesian inference: i) letter recognition (purely sensory), ii) writer recognition, iii) letter production (with different effectors), iv) copying of trajectories, v) copying of letters, and vi) letter recognition (with internal simulation of movements). We present computer simulations of each of these cognitive tasks, and discuss experimental predictions and theoretical developments. PMID:21674043

Anatomical Coupling between Distinct Metacognitive Systems for Memory and Visual Perception

PubMed Central

McCurdy, Li Yan; Maniscalco, Brian; Metcalfe, Janet; Liu, Ka Yuet; de Lange, Floris P.; Lau, Hakwan

2015-01-01

A recent study found that, across individuals, gray matter volume in the frontal polar region was correlated with visual metacognition capacity (i.e., how well one’s confidence ratings distinguish between correct and incorrect judgments). A question arises as to whether the putative metacognitive mechanisms in this region are also used in other metacognitive tasks involving, for example, memory. A novel psychophysical measure allowed us to assess metacognitive efficiency separately in a visual and a memory task, while taking variations in basic task performance capacity into account. We found that, across individuals, metacognitive efficiencies positively correlated between the two tasks. However, voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed distinct brain structures for the two kinds of metacognition. Replicating a previous finding, variation in visual metacognitive efficiency was correlated with volume of frontal polar regions. However, variation in memory metacognitive efficiency was correlated with volume of the precuneus. There was also a weak correlation between visual metacognitive efficiency and precuneus volume, which may account for the behavioral correlation between visual and memory metacognition (i.e., the precuneus may contain common mechanisms for both types of metacognition). However, we also found that gray matter volumes of the frontal polar and precuneus regions themselves correlated across individuals, and a formal model comparison analysis suggested that this structural covariation was sufficient to account for the behavioral correlation of metacognition in the two tasks. These results highlight the importance of the precuneus in higher-order memory processing and suggest that there may be functionally distinct metacognitive systems in the human brain. PMID:23365229

Regional Differences in Brain Volume Predict the Acquisition of Skill in a Complex Real-Time Strategy Videogame

PubMed Central

Basak, Chandramallika; Voss, Michelle W.; Erickson, Kirk I.; Boot, Walter R.; Kramer, Arthur F.

2015-01-01

Previous studies have found that differences in brain volume among older adults predict performance in laboratory tasks of executive control, memory, and motor learning. In the present study we asked whether regional differences in brain volume as assessed by the application of a voxel-based morphometry technique on high resolution MRI would also be useful in predicting the acquisition of skill in complex tasks, such as strategy-based video games. Twenty older adults were trained for over 20 hours to play Rise of Nations, a complex real-time strategy game. These adults showed substantial improvements over the training period in game performance. MRI scans obtained prior to training revealed that the volume of a number of brain regions, which have been previously associated with subsets of the trained skills, predicted a substantial amount of variance in learning on the complex game. Thus, regional differences in brain volume can predict learning in complex tasks that entail the use of a variety of perceptual, cognitive and motor processes. PMID:21546146

Regional differences in brain volume predict the acquisition of skill in a complex real-time strategy videogame.

PubMed

Basak, Chandramallika; Voss, Michelle W; Erickson, Kirk I; Boot, Walter R; Kramer, Arthur F

2011-08-01

Previous studies have found that differences in brain volume among older adults predict performance in laboratory tasks of executive control, memory, and motor learning. In the present study we asked whether regional differences in brain volume as assessed by the application of a voxel-based morphometry technique on high resolution MRI would also be useful in predicting the acquisition of skill in complex tasks, such as strategy-based video games. Twenty older adults were trained for over 20 h to play Rise of Nations, a complex real-time strategy game. These adults showed substantial improvements over the training period in game performance. MRI scans obtained prior to training revealed that the volume of a number of brain regions, which have been previously associated with subsets of the trained skills, predicted a substantial amount of variance in learning on the complex game. Thus, regional differences in brain volume can predict learning in complex tasks that entail the use of a variety of perceptual, cognitive and motor processes. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Structural and functional changes of the cingulate gyrus following traumatic brain injury: relation to attention and executive skills.

PubMed

Merkley, Tricia L; Larson, Michael J; Bigler, Erin D; Good, Daniel A; Perlstein, William M

2013-09-01

Impairments of attention and executive functions are common sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The anterior cingulate is implicated in conflict-related task performance, such as the Stroop, and is susceptible to TBI-related injury due to its frontal location and proximity to the rough surface of the falx cerebri. We investigated the relationship between cingulate cortex volume and performance on tasks of selective attention and cognitive flexibility (single-trial Stroop and Auditory Consonant Trigrams [ACT]). Participants consisted of 12 adults with severe TBI and 18 controls. T1-weighted volumetric MRI data were analyzed using automated cortical reconstruction, segmentation, parcellation, and volume measurement. Cortical volume reductions were prominent bilaterally in frontal, temporal, and inferior parietal regions.Specific regional reduction of the cingulate cortex was observed only for cortical volume of right caudal anterior cingulate(cACC). The TBI group performed significantly worse than control participants on the Stroop and ACT tasks. Findings suggest that atrophy of the right cACC may contribute to reduced performance on executive function tasks, such as the Stroop and ACT, although this is likely but one node of an extensive brain network involved in these cognitive processes.

Relationships between regional cerebellar volume and sensorimotor and cognitive function in young and older adults

PubMed Central

Bernard, Jessica A.; Seidler, Rachael D.

2013-01-01

The cerebellum has been implicated in both sensorimotor and cognitive function, but is known to undergo volumetric declines with advanced age. Individual differences in regional cerebellar volume may therefore provide insight into performance variability across the lifespan, as has been shown with other brain structures and behaviors. Here, we investigated whether there are regional age differences in cerebellar volume in young and older adults, and whether these volumes explain, in part, individual differences in sensorimotor and cognitive task performance. We found that older adults had smaller cerebellar volume than young adults; specifically, lobules in the anterior cerebellum were more impacted by age. Multiple regression analyses for both age groups revealed associations between sensorimotor task performance in several domains (balance, choice reaction time, and timing) and regional cerebellar volume. There were also relationships with working memory, but none with measures of general cognitive or executive function. Follow-up analyses revealed several differential relationships with age between regional volume and sensorimotor performance. These relationships were predominantly selective to cerebellar regions that have been implicated in cognitive functions. Therefore, it may be the cognitive aspects of sensorimotor task performance that are best explained by individual differences in regional cerebellar volumes. In sum, our results demonstrate the importance of regional cerebellar volume with respect to both sensorimotor and cognitive performance, and we provide additional insight into the role of the cerebellum in age-related performance declines. PMID:23625382

Research and development of a heat-pump water heater. Volume 2. R and D task reports

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dunning, R.L.; Amthor, F.R.; Doyle, E.J.

1978-08-01

The heat pump water heater is a device that works much like a window air conditioner except that heat from the home is pumped into a water tank rather than to the outdoors. The objective established for the device is to operate with a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 3 or, an input of one unit of electric energy would create three units of heat energy in the form of hot water. With such a COP, the device would use only one-third the energy and at one-third the cost of a standard resistance water heater. This Volume 2 contains themore » final reports of the three major tasks performed in Phase I. In Task 2, a market study identifies the future market and selects an initial target market and channel of distribution, all based on an analysis of the parameters affecting feasibility of the device and the factors that will affect its market acceptance. In the Task 3 report, the results of a design and test program to arrive at final designs of heat pumps for both new water heaters and for retrofitting existing water heaters are presented. In the Task 4 report, a plan for an extensive field demonstration involving use in actual homes is presented. Volume 1 contains a final summary report of the information in Volume 2.« less

Project FARE task III report : urban mass transportation industry reporting system design : interim task III report for November 1972-June 1973 period. Part I - Task summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-06-01

This report contains a description of the proposed uniform reporting system for the urban mass transit industry. It is presented in four volumes: Part I - Task Summary contains a description of how Task III was accomplished and the conclusions and re...

Background Study of Intact Stability Standards for Dynamically Supported Craft. Volume I - VI. Categorized Bibliographies.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-01

endorsement or approval of such products . Technical Keport Documentation Page Re., No _ . kq 1jgjju,.iun Accef.o.e No 3 Rec-p,.*of* Cooiog No ,o - / U...most significant factor in the sequence as a necessary, although not in itself sufficient, condition for capsize. Distortion of the skirt system has...this investigation of capsizing events and craft particulars some of the factors affecting capsizing, with particular reference to geometric parameters

Defense AT&L Magazine A Publication of the Defense Acquisition University. Volume 33, Number 6, DAU 181

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

itching, aching, dizziness, ringing in ears, vom- iting, giddiness, auditory or vi- sual hallucinations , loss of bal- ance, slurred speech, blindness...the na- tion stands “dangerously close to squandering the ad- vantage bequeathed to us by prior generations”) that he conducted a hearing in March...2004 to address DoD and Department of Commerce responses. In the hearings , Joseph H. Bogosian, deputy assistant sec- retary of commerce for

Lectures in Complex Systems, (1992). Volume 5

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

Lattice Gas Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 1989 V P. W. Anderson, K. Arrow, The Economy as an Evolving Complex System, D. Pines 1988 VI C...to Improve EEG Classification and to Explore GA Parametrization Cathleen Barczys, Laura Bloom, and Leslie Kay 569 Symbiosis in Society and Monopoly in...Appeal of Evolution 1.2 Elements of Genetic Algorithms 1.3 A Simple GA 1.4 Overview of Some Applications of Genetic Algorithms 1.5 A Brief Example

A Study of Strategic Lessons Learned in Vietnam. Volume I. The Enemy

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-30

which resulted from the various topical analyses are de -- rived from and related directly to America’s twenty-five year involvement irn Southeast Asia...CAUSED BY GREAT FIRST NUCLEAR REVOLUTION DES "A SEEKS LEAP AND WITHDRAWAL DEVICE NIXON "DER OF SOVIET AID VISIT II•IMPERIALISM SINO.INDIAN VI ANTI...ISRAELICONGRESS. SPUTNIK LANDING CUBAN FAIL.2 DE -STALINIZATIONBAOFPGCRSSLSE UZ UNVEILED. U.2 PLANE KHRUSHCHEV USSR AID TO DRY VISITS HIINGARY INVADED

Minutes of the Explosives Safety Seminar (19th) Held at Los Angeles, California, 9-10-11 September 1980. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

DOUBLE-BASE EXTRUSION COMPOSITIONS ................................... 89 Messrs. Craig E. Johnson and Paul F. Dendor V I GUN PROPELLANT PROPAGATION IN...Mullins and C. F. Baker RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF STRENGTHENED STEEL BUILDING BLAST TESTS ..... 165 Messrs. Frederic E. Sock, Norval Dobbs, Paul Price and...347 Mr. J. Paul Glenn I viLR SESSION - EXPLOSION CONTAIMENT & VENTING Moderator - Mr. Irving Forsten EXPLOSION CONTAINMENT VESSELS AND M4TERIALS

Operational Ethics in Coalition Warfare: Whose Ethics Will Prevail? A Philosophical/Theological Conundrum

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-13

the identification of reason as the prime human faculty and virtue, i.e., sense of excellence and practical wisdom as the highest good. These are the...Clothes, " National Security Studies Quarterly Spring 2000, Volume VI, Issue 2, pp. 59-71. 43 Glynis Breakwell and Keith Spacie , Pressures Facing...commander to draw upon, then what is the solution to reduce the stressors highlighted by the Breakwell and Spacie study? Can there be operational

Metabonomics Approach to Biomarker Discovery, Volume VI: Dose and Time Response of Liver Toxicant

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-01

arginine, betaine, creatinine, L-threonine, L-phenylalanine, cytidylic acid , D- pyroglutamic acid , creatine, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid . However, none...Much is known about the systemic response to ANIT exposure, such as the increase in plasma levels of bile acid , cholesterol and phospholipids in...supernanant was transferred to a 5 mm NMR tube. An internal standard consisting of 150 µL of trimethylsilylpropionic (2, 2, 3, 3 d4) acid (TSP

Army Staff Automated Administrative Support System (ARSTADS) Report. Phase I. Volume II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

requirements to transmit data with short fuse. This requirement varies from 1-6 times daily throughout the agency. Media used for transmission varies from...material automatically onto magnetic media . (1) Advantages. (a) Eliminates need for second or more typings of material. (b) Can be extremely cost...reduced and other methods of storage media will be possible. VI-1 LOmni (App 6 Contd) B. ZXJXM: Offices are over crowded with record storage containers

Program Manager: Journal of the Defense Systems Management College. Volume 19, Number 1, January-February 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-02-01

proposal to the HQ USAF than optimum communication be- While the report indicated that this recommended a long-range, integrated tween the user and the...SRA), conduct of The three functional Working Integrated logistics program plan- tradeoff studies, and development of Groups are separated into the...as well * INTEGRATION as a rapid retargeting capability. V. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Working Conditions At the same time, SAC realized that VI. SYSTEM

History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Chiefs of Staff and National Policy 1955-1956. Volume VI.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

allocation of responsibility among the military services for de- veloping and operating the new weapons systems. This turned out to be a con- tentious...the choices made regarding the allocation of resources and the deployments and strategies to be pursued. The Joint Chiefs of Staff developed their...decisions or preparing recommendations on such specific matters as force levels and budget allocations , clearly took his principal guidance from the

Shock and Vibration Symposium (59th) Held in Albuquerque, New Mexico on 18-20 October 1988. Volume 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

N. F. Rieger Statistical Energy Analysis : An Overview of Its Development and Engineering Applications J. E. Manning DATA BASES DOE/DOD Environmental...Vibroacoustic Response Using the Finite Element Method and Statistical Energy Analysis F. L. Gloyna Study of Helium Effect on Spacecraft Random Vibration...Analysis S. A. Wilkerson vi DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Modeling of Vibration Transmission in a Damped Beam Structure Using Statistical Energy Analysis S. S

Speciation of selenium in environmental samples by solid-phase spectrophotometry using 2,3-dichloro-6-(2,7-dihydroxy-naphthylazo)quinoxaline.

PubMed

Amin, Alaa S

2014-01-01

Solid-phase spectrophotometry was applied to determination of trace amounts of selenium (Se) in water, soil, plant materials, human hair, and a cosmetic preparation (lipstick). Se(IV) was sorbed in a dextran type lipophilic gel as a complex with 2,3-dichloro-6-(2,7-dihydroxy-naphthylazo)quinoxaline (DCDHNAQ), whereas Se(VI) was determined after boiling in HCI for 10 min to convert Se(VI) to Se(IV). Resin phase absorbances at 588 and 800 nm were measured directly, which allowed the determination of Se in the range of 0.2-3.3 microg/L with an RSD of 1.22%. The influences of analytical parameters including pH of the aqueous solution, amounts of DCDHNAQ, and sample volume were investigated. The molar absorptivities were found to be 1.09 x 10(6), 4.60 x 10(6), and 1.23 x 10(7) L/mol cm for 100, 500, and 1000 mL, respectively. The LOD and LOQ of the 500 mL sample method were 110 and 360 ng/L, respectively, when using 50 mg dextran type lipophilic gel. For a 1000 mL sample, the LOD and LOQ were 60 and 200 ng/L, respectively, using 50 mg of the exchanger. Increasing the sample volume enhanced the sensitivity. No considerable interferences were observed from other investigated anions and cations on the Se determination.

Effects of temperature on metabolism, ventilation, and oxygen extraction in the southern brown bandicoot Isoodon obesulus (Marsupialia: Peramelidae).

PubMed

Larcombe, Alexander

2002-01-01

The effects of ambient temperatures (T(a)) from 10 degrees to 35 degrees C on metabolism, ventilation, and oxygen extraction were examined for the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus). Oxygen consumption (VO2) followed the pattern typical for endotherms, decreasing with increasing T(a) from 10 degrees to 25 degrees C. It did not significantly change between Ta=25 degrees and 35 degrees C (the thermoneutral zone). VO2 was approximately 2.4 times higher at Ta=10 degrees C (0.967 mL O(2) g(-1) h(-1)) compared with basal (0.410 mL O(2) g(-1) h(-1)) at Ta=30 degrees C. While the metabolic rates of the bandicoots were basal at Ta=30 degrees C, respiratory frequency (f(R)) was 24.6 breaths min(-1), tidal volume (V(T)) was 7.79 mL, minute volume (V(I)) was 191.3 mL min(-1), and oxygen extraction efficiency (EO2) was 26.8%. Increased VO2 at Ta< or =25 degrees C was associated with a large increase in V(I) due to increases in V(T) and f(R). A greater proportion of the change was due to the increase in tidal volume. EO2 was constant at approximately 26% for all T(a) up to and including 30 degrees C. At Ta=35 degrees C, EO2 decreased to 17.7%, f(R) increased to 35.6 breaths min(-1), and V(T) decreased to 7.22 mL. The metabolic and ventilatory physiology of the southern brown bandicoot are typical of an unspecialized medium-sized marsupial.

Analysis of Human-Spacesuit Interaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, Neha

2015-01-01

Astronauts sustain injuries of various natures such as finger delamination, joint pain, and redness due to their interaction with the space suit. The role of the Anthropometry and Biomechanics Facility is to understand the biomechanics, environmental variables, and ergonomics of the suit. This knowledge is then used to make suggestions for improvement in future iterations of the space suit assembly to prevent injuries while allowing astronauts maneuverability, comfort, and tactility. The projects I was involved in were the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit stiffness study and the glove feasibility study. The EMU project looked at the forces exerted on the shoulder, arm, and wrist when subjects performed kinematic tasks with and without a pressurized suit. The glove study consisted of testing three conditions - the Series 4000 glove, the Phase VI glove, and the no glove condition. With more than forty channels of sensor data total, it was critical to develop programs that could analyze data with basic descriptive statistics and generate relevant graphs to help understand what happens within the space suit and glove. In my project I created a Graphical User Interface (GUI) in MATLAB that would help me visualize what each sensor was doing within a task. The GUI is capable of displaying overlain plots and can be synchronized with video. This was helpful during the stiffness testing to visualize how the forces on the arm acted while the subject performed tasks such as shoulder adduction/abduction and bicep curls. The main project of focus, however, was the glove comparison study. I wrote MATLAB programs which generated movies of the strain vectors during specific tasks. I also generated graphs that summarized the differences between each glove for the strain, shear and FSR sensors. Preliminary results indicate that the Phase VI glove places less strain and shear on the hand. Future work includes continued data analysis of surveys and sensor data. In the end, the ideal glove is one that provides more tactility for the astronauts but lessens injuries. Often times, a more tactile glove transmits forces better to the hand; thus, achieving a balance of both a tactile and safe glove is the main challenge present.

Nonrandom variability in respiratory cycle parameters of humans during stage 2 sleep.

PubMed

Modarreszadeh, M; Bruce, E N; Gothe, B

1990-08-01

We analyzed breath-to-breath inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), inspiratory volume (VI), and minute ventilation (Vm) from 11 normal subjects during stage 2 sleep. The analysis consisted of 1) fitting first- and second-order autoregressive models (AR1 and AR2) and 2) obtaining the power spectra of the data by fast-Fourier transform. For the AR2 model, the only coefficients that were statistically different from zero were the average alpha 1 (a1) for TI, VI, and Vm (a1 = 0.19, 0.29, and 0.15, respectively). However, the power spectra of all parameters often exhibited peaks at low frequency (less than 0.2 cycles/breath) and/or at high frequency (greater than 0.2 cycles/breath), indicative of periodic oscillations. After accounting for the corrupting effects of added oscillations on the a1 estimates, we conclude that 1) breath-to-breath fluctuations of VI, and to a lesser extent TI and Vm, exhibit a first-order autoregressive structure such that fluctuations of each breath are positively correlated with those of immediately preceding breaths and 2) the correlated components of variability in TE are mostly due to discrete high- and/or low-frequency oscillations with no underlying autoregressive structure. We propose that the autoregressive structure of VI, TI, and Vm during spontaneous breathing in stage 2 sleep may reflect either a central neural mechanism or the effects of noise in respiratory chemical feedback loops; the presence of low-frequency oscillations, seen more often in Vm, suggests possible instability in the chemical feedback loops. Mechanisms of high-frequency periodicities, seen more often in TE, are unknown.

Preconcentration and determination of vanadium and molybdenum in milk, vegetables and foodstuffs by ultrasonic-thermostatic-assisted cloud point extraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

PubMed

Gürkan, Ramazan; Korkmaz, Sema; Altunay, Nail

2016-08-01

A new ultrasonic-thermostatic-assisted cloud point extraction procedure (UTA-CPE) was developed for preconcentration at the trace levels of vanadium (V) and molybdenum (Mo) in milk, vegetables and foodstuffs prior to determination via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The method is based on the ion-association of stable anionic oxalate complexes of V(V) and Mo(VI) with [9-(diethylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylidene]azanium; sulfate (Nile blue A) at pH 4.5, and then extraction of the formed ion-association complexes into micellar phase of polyoxyethylene(7.5)nonylphenyl ether (PONPE 7.5). The UTA-CPE is greatly simplified and accelerated compared to traditional cloud point extraction (CPE). The analytical parameters optimized are solution pH, the concentrations of complexing reagents (oxalate and Nile blue A), the PONPE 7.5 concentration, electrolyte concentration, sample volume, temperature and ultrasonic power. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves for Mo(VI) and V(V) are obtained in the concentration range of 3-340µgL(-1) and 5-250µgL(-1) with high sensitivity enhancement factors (EFs) of 145 and 115, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) for Mo(VI) and V(V) are 0.86 and 1.55µgL(-1), respectively. The proposed method demonstrated good performances such as relative standard deviations (as RSD %) (≤3.5%) and spiked recoveries (95.7-102.3%). The accuracy of the method was assessed by analysis of two standard reference materials (SRMs) and recoveries of spiked solutions. The method was successfully applied into the determination of trace amounts of Mo(VI) and V(V) in milk, vegetables and foodstuffs with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PANDA: A distributed multiprocessor operating system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chubb, P.

1989-01-01

PANDA is a design for a distributed multiprocessor and an operating system. PANDA is designed to allow easy expansion of both hardware and software. As such, the PANDA kernel provides only message passing and memory and process management. The other features needed for the system (device drivers, secondary storage management, etc.) are provided as replaceable user tasks. The thesis presents PANDA's design and implementation, both hardware and software. PANDA uses multiple 68010 processors sharing memory on a VME bus, each such node potentially connected to others via a high speed network. The machine is completely homogeneous: there are no differencesmore » between processors that are detectable by programs running on the machine. A single two-processor node has been constructed. Each processor contains memory management circuits designed to allow processors to share page tables safely. PANDA presents a programmers' model similar to the hardware model: a job is divided into multiple tasks, each having its own address space. Within each task, multiple processes share code and data. Tasks can send messages to each other, and set up virtual circuits between themselves. Peripheral devices such as disc drives are represented within PANDA by tasks. PANDA divides secondary storage into volumes, each volume being accessed by a volume access task, or VAT. All knowledge about the way that data is stored on a disc is kept in its volume's VAT. The design is such that PANDA should provide a useful testbed for file systems and device drivers, as these can be installed without recompiling PANDA itself, and without rebooting the machine.« less

Ergonomic task reduction prevents bone osteopenia in a rat model of upper extremity overuse

PubMed Central

BARBE, Mary F.; JAIN, Nisha X.; MASSICOTTE, Vicky S.; POPOFF, Steven N.; BARR-GILLESPIE, Ann E.

2015-01-01

We evaluated the effectiveness of ergonomic workload reduction of switching rats from a high repetition high force (HRHF) lever pulling task to a reduced force and reach rate task for preventing task-induced osteopenic changes in distal forelimb bones. Distal radius and ulna trabecular structure was examined in young adult rats performing one of three handle-pulling tasks for 12 wk: 1) HRHF, 2) low repetition low force (LRLF); or 3) HRHF for 4 wk and than LRLF thereafter (HRHF-to-LRLF). Results were compared to age-matched controls rats. Distal forelimb bones of 12-wk HRHF rats showed increased trabecular resorption and decreased volume, as control rats. HRHF-to-LRLF rats had similar trabecular bone quality as control rats; and decreased bone resorption (decreased trabecular bone volume and serum CTX1), increased bone formation (increased mineral apposition, bone formation rate, and serum osteocalcin), and decreased osteoclasts and inflammatory cytokines, than HRHF rats. Thus, an ergonomic intervention of HRHF-to-LRLF prevented loss of trabecular bone volume occurring with prolonged performance of a repetitive upper extremity task. These findings support the idea of reduced workload as an effective approach to management of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, and begin to define reach rate and load level boundaries for such interventions. PMID:25739896

Aerobic fitness relates to learning on a virtual Morris Water Task and hippocampal volume in adolescents.

PubMed

Herting, Megan M; Nagel, Bonnie J

2012-08-01

In rodents, exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis and allows for better learning and memory performance on water maze tasks. While exercise has also been shown to be beneficial for the brain and behavior in humans, no study has examined how exercise impacts spatial learning using a directly translational water maze task, or if these relationships exist during adolescence--a developmental period which the animal literature has shown to be especially vulnerable to exercise effects. In this study, we investigated the influence of aerobic fitness on hippocampal size and subsequent learning and memory, including visuospatial memory using a human analogue of the Morris Water Task, in 34 adolescents. Results showed that higher aerobic fitness predicted better learning on the virtual Morris Water Task and larger hippocampal volumes. No relationship between virtual Morris Water Task memory recall and aerobic fitness was detected. Aerobic fitness, however, did not relate to global brain volume or verbal learning, which might suggest some specificity of the influence of aerobic fitness on the adolescent brain. This study provides a direct translational approach to the existing animal literature on exercise, as well as adds to the sparse research that exists on how aerobic exercise impacts the developing human brain and memory. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Aerobic fitness relates to learning on a virtual morris water task and hippocampal volume in adolescents

PubMed Central

Herting, Megan M.; Nagel, Bonnie J.

2012-01-01

In rodents, exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis and allows for better learning and memory performance on water maze tasks. While exercise has also been shown to be beneficial for the brain and behavior in humans, no study has examined how exercise impacts spatial learning using a directly translational water maze task, or if these relationships exist during adolescence – a developmental period which the animal literature has shown to be especially vulnerable to exercise effects. In this study, we investigated the influence of aerobic fitness on hippocampal size and subsequent learning and memory, including visuospatial memory using a human analogue of the Morris Water Task, in 34 adolescents. Results showed that higher aerobic fitness predicted better learning on the virtual Morris Water Task and larger hippocampal volumes. No relationship between virtual Morris Water Task memory recall and aerobic fitness was detected. Aerobic fitness, however, did not relate to global brain volume, or verbal learning, which might suggest some specificity of the influence of aerobic fitness on the adolescent brain. This study provides a direct translational approach to the existing animal literature on exercise, as well as adds to the sparse research that exists on how aerobic exercise impacts the developing human brain and memory. PMID:22610054

Brain structure, executive function and appetitive traits in adolescent obesity.

PubMed

de Groot, C J; van den Akker, E L T; Rings, E H H M; Delemarre-van de Waal, H A; van der Grond, J

2017-08-01

Children with obesity show differences in brain structure, executive function and appetitive traits when compared with lean peers. Little is known on the relationship between brain structure and these traits. To investigate the relationship between differences in brain structure and executive function and appetitive traits, in obese and lean adolescents. MRI was used to measure cortical thickness and subcortical volumes. Executive function was measured by a Stop Signal-and a Choice Delay Task. Appetitive traits were measured using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Adolescents with obesity had greater volumes of the pallidum; 1.78 mL (SE 0.03, p=0.014), when compared with controls; 1.65 mL (SE 0.02). In the group with obesity, greater pallidum volume was positively associated with the ability to delay reward in the Choice Delay Task (p=0.012). The association between pallidum volumes and Choice Delay Task in obese adolescents supports the hypothesis that the pallidum plays an important role in executive dysfunction in obese children. © 2016 World Obesity Federation.

Catalyst for hydrotreating carbonaceous liquids

DOEpatents

Berg, Lloyd; McCandless, Frank P.; Ramer, Ronald J.

1982-01-01

A catalyst for denitrogenating and desulfurating carbonaceous liquid such as solvent refined coal includes catalytic metal oxides impregnated within a porous base of mostly alumina with relatively large pore diameters, surface area and pore volume. The base material includes pore volumes of 0.7-0.85 ml/g, surface areas of 200-350 m.sup.2 /g and pore diameters of 85-200 Angstroms. The catalytic metals impregnated into these base materials include the oxides of Group VI metals, molybdenum and tungsten, and the oxides of Group VIII metals, nickel and cobalt, in various combinations. These catalysts and bases in combination have effectively promoted the removal of chemically combined sulfur and nitrogen within a continuous flowing mixture of carbonaceous liquid and hydrogen gas.

SU-G-JeP3-13: Use of Volumetric Indices to Study the Viability of Respiratory Gating in Conjunction with Abdominal Compression in the Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Under the Conditions of Controlled Breathing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Malhotra, H; Gomez, J

Purpose: AAPM TG-76 report advises lung patients experiencing tumor motion >5mm to use some form of motion management with even smaller limit for complex/special procedures like SBRT. Generally, either respiratory gating or abdominal compression is used for motion management. In this retrospective study, we are using an innovative index, Volumetric Indices (VI) = (GTVnn AND GTV{sub 50+}Xmm)/(GTVnn) to quantify how much of the tumor remains within 1, 2, and 3mm margins throughout the breathing cycle using GTV{sub 50+}Xmm margin on GTV{sub 50}[nn=0,10,20,…90]. Using appropriate limits, VI can provide tumor motion information and to check if RPM gates could have beenmore » used in conjunction with abdominal compression to better manage tumor motion. Methods: 64 SBRT patients with a total of 67 lung tumors were studied. 4DCT scans were taken, fully capturing tumor motion throughout the 10 phases of the breathing cycle. For each phase, Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) was segmented and appropriates structures were defined to determine VI values. For the 2mm margin, VI values less than 0.95 for peripheral lesions and 0.97 for central lesions indicate tumor movement greater than 4mm. VI values for 1mm and 3mm margins were also analyzed signifying tumor motion of 2mm & 6mm, respectively. Results: Of the 64 patients, 35 (55%) had motion greater than 4mm & could have benefited from respiratory gating. For 5/8 (63%) middle lobe lesions, 21/27 (78%) lower lobe lesions, and 10/32 (31%) upper lobe lesions, gating could have resulted in smaller ITV. 32/55 (58%) peripheral lesions and 4/12 (33%) central lesions could have had gating. Average ITV decreased by 1.25cc (11.43%) and average VI increased by 0.11. Conclusion: Out of 64 patients, 55% exhibited motion greater than 4mm even with abdominal compression. Even with abdominalcompression, lung tumors can move >4mm as the degree of pressure which a patient can tolerate, is patient specific.« less

Development of flight experiment task requirements. Volume 2: Technical Report. Part 2: Appendix H: Tasks-skills data series

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hatterick, G. R.

1972-01-01

The data sheets presented contain the results of the task analysis portion of the study to identify skill requirements of space shuttle crew personnel. A comprehensive data base is provided of crew functions, operating environments, task dependencies, and task-skills applicable to a representative cross section of earth orbital research experiments.

Predictors of laparoscopic simulation performance among practicing obstetrician gynecologists.

PubMed

Mathews, Shyama; Brodman, Michael; D'Angelo, Debra; Chudnoff, Scott; McGovern, Peter; Kolev, Tamara; Bensinger, Giti; Mudiraj, Santosh; Nemes, Andreea; Feldman, David; Kischak, Patricia; Ascher-Walsh, Charles

2017-11-01

While simulation training has been established as an effective method for improving laparoscopic surgical performance in surgical residents, few studies have focused on its use for attending surgeons, particularly in obstetrics and gynecology. Surgical simulation may have a role in improving and maintaining proficiency in the operating room for practicing obstetrician gynecologists. We sought to determine if parameters of performance for validated laparoscopic virtual simulation tasks correlate with surgical volume and characteristics of practicing obstetricians and gynecologists. All gynecologists with laparoscopic privileges (n = 347) from 5 academic medical centers in New York City were required to complete a laparoscopic surgery simulation assessment. The physicians took a presimulation survey gathering physician self-reported characteristics and then performed 3 basic skills tasks (enforced peg transfer, lifting/grasping, and cutting) on the LapSim virtual reality laparoscopic simulator (Surgical Science Ltd, Gothenburg, Sweden). The association between simulation outcome scores (time, efficiency, and errors) and self-rated clinical skills measures (self-rated laparoscopic skill score or surgical volume category) were examined with regression models. The average number of laparoscopic procedures per month was a significant predictor of total time on all 3 tasks (P = .001 for peg transfer; P = .041 for lifting and grasping; P < .001 for cutting). Average monthly laparoscopic surgical volume was a significant predictor of 2 efficiency scores in peg transfer, and all 4 efficiency scores in cutting (P = .001 to P = .015). Surgical volume was a significant predictor of errors in lifting/grasping and cutting (P < .001 for both). Self-rated laparoscopic skill level was a significant predictor of total time in all 3 tasks (P < .0001 for peg transfer; P = .009 for lifting and grasping; P < .001 for cutting) and a significant predictor of nearly all efficiency scores and errors scores in all 3 tasks. In addition to total time, there was at least 1 other objective performance measure that significantly correlated with surgical volume for each of the 3 tasks. Higher-volume physicians and those with fellowship training were more confident in their laparoscopic skills. By determining simulation performance as it correlates to active physician practice, further studies may help assess skill and individualize training to maintain skill levels as case volumes fluctuate. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Block Volume Estimation from the Discontinuity Spacing Measurements of Mesozoic Limestone Quarries, Karaburun Peninsula, Turkey

PubMed Central

Elci, Hakan; Turk, Necdet

2014-01-01

Block volumes are generally estimated by analyzing the discontinuity spacing measurements obtained either from the scan lines placed over the rock exposures or the borehole cores. Discontinuity spacing measurements made at the Mesozoic limestone quarries in Karaburun Peninsula were used to estimate the average block volumes that could be produced from them using the suggested methods in the literature. The Block Quality Designation (BQD) ratio method proposed by the authors has been found to have given in the same order of the rock block volume to the volumetric joint count (J v) method. Moreover, dimensions of the 2378 blocks produced between the years of 2009 and 2011 in the working quarries have been recorded. Assuming, that each block surfaces is a discontinuity, the mean block volume (V b), the mean volumetric joint count (J vb) and the mean block shape factor of the blocks are determined and compared with the estimated mean in situ block volumes (V in) and volumetric joint count (J vi) values estimated from the in situ discontinuity measurements. The established relations are presented as a chart to be used in practice for estimating the mean volume of blocks that can be obtained from a quarry site by analyzing the rock mass discontinuity spacing measurements. PMID:24696642

Block volume estimation from the discontinuity spacing measurements of mesozoic limestone quarries, Karaburun Peninsula, Turkey.

PubMed

Elci, Hakan; Turk, Necdet

2014-01-01

Block volumes are generally estimated by analyzing the discontinuity spacing measurements obtained either from the scan lines placed over the rock exposures or the borehole cores. Discontinuity spacing measurements made at the Mesozoic limestone quarries in Karaburun Peninsula were used to estimate the average block volumes that could be produced from them using the suggested methods in the literature. The Block Quality Designation (BQD) ratio method proposed by the authors has been found to have given in the same order of the rock block volume to the volumetric joint count (J(v)) method. Moreover, dimensions of the 2378 blocks produced between the years of 2009 and 2011 in the working quarries have been recorded. Assuming, that each block surfaces is a discontinuity, the mean block volume (V(b)), the mean volumetric joint count (J(vb)) and the mean block shape factor of the blocks are determined and compared with the estimated mean in situ block volumes (V(in)) and volumetric joint count (J(vi)) values estimated from the in situ discontinuity measurements. The established relations are presented as a chart to be used in practice for estimating the mean volume of blocks that can be obtained from a quarry site by analyzing the rock mass discontinuity spacing measurements.

Geostationary platform systems concepts definition follow-on study. Volume 2A: Technical Task 2 LSST special emphasis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The results of the Large Space Systems Technology special emphasis task are presented. The task was an analysis of structural requirements deriving from the initial Phase A Operational Geostationary Platform study.

Evaluation of Synthetic Fuel for Army Ground Applications Tasks II-VI

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-29

84760 22937 20 PABZZ 5325005981428 84760 10445 21 D.BZZ 84760 27002 21 D.BZZ 84760 28861 22 PABZZ 5315008871539 84760 11141 23 PABZZ 3040011883242...SUPERSEDES: EDmON NO.: 15 DATED: OT-31-0S DEPT. OF DEFSNSE (1.2 CST MIN. FUEL) NOTE; THIS SPECIFICATION DEVt:LOPED WITH ISO LONG INI. t:T STUD... ISO 4093: .083" (1.6 mmliD X 25" {636 mml LONG. 2. CAUSRATIN~ INJECTORS ........ ’SAE Jlii66/ ISO 7440: 0.5 mm ORIFICE PLATE NOP: 3000 PSI (207 &ARl

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thompson, G H; Thompson, M C

Solvent extraction of /sup 237/Np and /sup 238/Pu from irradiated neptunium is being investigated as a possible replacement for the currently used anion exchange process at the Savannah River Plant. Solvent extraction would reduce separations costs and waste volume and increase the production rate. The major difficulty in solvent extraction processing is maintaining neptunium and plutonium in the extractable IV or VI valence states during initial extraction. This study investigated the stability of these states. Results show that: The extractable M(IV) valence states of neptunium and plutonium are mutually unstable in plant dissolver solution (2 g/l /sup 237/Np, 0.4 g/lmore » /sup 238/Pu, 1.2M Al/sup 3 +/, 4.6M NO/sub 3//sup -/, and 1M H/sup +/). The reaction rates producing inextractable species from extractable M(IV) or M(VI) are fast enough that greater than or equal to 99.9 percent extractable species in /sup 237/Np--/sup 238/Pu mixtures cannot be maintained for a practicable processing period (24 hours).« less

Two fold modified chitosan for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from simulated wastewater and industrial effluents.

PubMed

Kahu, S S; Shekhawat, A; Saravanan, D; Jugade, R M

2016-08-01

Ionic solid (Ethylhexadecyldimethylammoniumbromide) impregnated phosphated chitosan (ISPC) was synthesized and applied for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from industrial effluent. The compound obtained was extensively characterized using instrumental techniques like FT-IR, TGA-DTA, XRD, SEM, BET and EDX. ISPC showed high adsorption capacity of 266.67mg/g in accordance with Langmuir isotherm model at pH 3.0 due to the presence of multiple sites which contribute for ion pair and electrostatic interactions with Cr(VI) species. The sorption kinetics and thermodynamic studies revealed that adsorption of Cr(VI) followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with exothermic and spontaneous behaviour. Applicability of ISPC for higher sample volumes was discerned through column studies. The real chrome plating industry effluent was effectively treated with total chromium recovery of 94%. The used ISPC was regenerated simply by dilute ammonium hydroxide treatment and tested for ten adsorption-desorption cycles with marginal decrease in adsorption efficiency. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An experimental method for the assessment of color simulation tools.

PubMed

Lillo, Julio; Alvaro, Leticia; Moreira, Humberto

2014-07-22

The Simulcheck method for evaluating the accuracy of color simulation tools in relation to dichromats is described and used to test three color simulation tools: Variantor, Coblis, and Vischeck. A total of 10 dichromats (five protanopes, five deuteranopes) and 10 normal trichromats participated in the current study. Simulcheck includes two psychophysical tasks: the Pseudoachromatic Stimuli Identification task and the Minimum Achromatic Contrast task. The Pseudoachromatic Stimuli Identification task allows determination of the two chromatic angles (h(uv) values) that generate a minimum response in the yellow–blue opponent mechanism and, consequently, pseudoachromatic stimuli (greens or reds). The Minimum Achromatic Contrast task requires the selection of the gray background that produces minimum contrast (near zero change in the achromatic mechanism) for each pseudoachromatic stimulus selected in the previous task (L(R) values). Results showed important differences in the colorimetric transformations performed by the three evaluated simulation tools and their accuracy levels. Vischeck simulation accurately implemented the algorithm of Brettel, Viénot, and Mollon (1997). Only Vischeck appeared accurate (similarity in huv and L(R) values between real and simulated dichromats) and, consequently, could render reliable color selections. It is concluded that Simulcheck is a consistent method because it provided an equivalent pattern of results for huv and L(R) values irrespective of the stimulus set used to evaluate a simulation tool. Simulcheck was also considered valid because real dichromats provided expected huv and LR values when performing the two psychophysical tasks included in this method. © 2014 ARVO.

Fuel and Fuel System Materials Compatibility Test Program for A JP-8+100 Fuel Additive. Volume 1: Thermal Stability Additive Package BetzDearborn Spec Aid(Registered) 8Q462

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-01

SAE Rings, Sealing, Butadiene-Acrylonitrile ( NBR ), Rubber Fuel and Low Temperature Resistant 60 - 70 MIL-R-83248C Rubber , Fluorocarbon...KAPTON/TEFLON (COMPOSITE) WIRE I.I.10 34 VI. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS Non-Metallics MIL-HDBK-149B Military Standardization Hand Book Rubber ...ASTM D-1414 Standard Test Methods for Rubber O-Rings ASTM D-412 Type II Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic

United States Air Force Research Initiation Program for 1988. Volume 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

Wisconsin- Madison , Univ. of - 1 Trinity University - 1 Wright State University - 5 Total 153 vi PARTICIPANTS LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT vii PARTICIPANT...25 M sucrose by resuspension and recent- rifugation. Microsomes are suspended in 84 mL 5 uW Triton X-100(TRI), 50 WM K phosphate, pH 7.4, 5 mM...the litters. Rats in Groups B-i and B-2 were exposed to 300 ug/kg of beryllium sulfate (supplied by Aldridge Chemical Co., Madison , Wisconsin

Core Engine Noise Program. Volume III. Prediction Methods -- Supplement I. - Extension of Prediction Methods

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-03-01

frequency noise transmission through turbine blade rows and addition of engine and component data to the prediction method for core noise. " Phase VI...lower turbine blade row attenuation for this low bypass engine . When the blade row attenuation is accounted for by means of a turbine work extrac...component and engine data. Currently, an in-depth program to investigate turbine blade row attenuation is underway (NAS3-19435 and DOT-FA75WA-3688). The

Prehistoric Agricultural Communities in West Central Alabama. Volume 1. Excavations in the Lubbub Creek Archaeological Locality.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

hydrodynamic order, an occasional patch broke away from the coherent ribbon above the water and drifted slowly among the sweetgum and magnolia trees that... trees left for shade when the virgin floodplain forest had been cleared. Owls came to roost and hawks took up their vigil. Rodents and rabbits emerged...Small Mississippian Community Christopher S. Peebles .................... 394 Vi i 0% . i • • • • • • • . • • • • N L 4 _ through counting tree rings

Census Report: Volume VI, 1987 through 1992. Sanitized Version.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

0599BLANKNSHIP, THOMAS J 0837 BLE.ASDALE, PETER A 0483 BLEVINS, BEVERLY R 0599 BLISS, GERALD H III 0533* BLOORE, ERNEST W 0908 BLUM, JACQUELI J 0972...BLISS, GERALD H III 0533* BLOORE, ERNEST W 0908 BLUM, JACQUELI J 0972 BOATWRIGHT, DEEDIE A 0638 BODDICKER, MATHIAS C II 0687 BODIN, ANTHONY A 0971...ROYCE R 0599 JACOBSON, JOHN R 0640 JACOBSON, ROGER LEIF 0918 JACQUES , DARIO J 0599 JAKSICH, RODNEY T 0599 JAKUSZ, DAVID 0599 JAMES, RICHARD H 0687

The Coast Artillery Journal. Volume 59, Number 6, December 1923

DTIC Science & Technology

1923-12-01

Remarques sur Ie tir Fusant.-F-12, January, 1923. RegIa de Calculo Para Muelles Cilindricos.-Spa-2, June, 1923. Terrain Reduit pour Exercices de tir Fictif au...I to V, on a front Brussels-Metz, pivoting on the fortified area Metz- Thionville. The inner flank of the wheel was to be covered by the VI and VII...rapidly on the fron t Beauraing-Gedinne- Paliseul- Fay- des -Veneurs-Cuignon (5th Army) and Tetaigne-Margut-Quincy (4th Army)." Fearing the German advance

Toward New Horizons. Volume 1. Science - the Key to Air Supremacy

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-12-15

By V.R. Sean I. L. Ashkei" C N. Hascrt Part II! - AIRCRAFT MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES > By N. M. Ncwmark v l/FUTÜ« AIRBORNI A«Mli...FUTURE TRENDS IN THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOUD AND LIQUID FUEL ROCKETS H. 6. Taien Pan V —HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS By Pol Dnwei VI/1MCI VA!!t...the automatic pilot, which materially relieves the hiunan pilot. In addition, the development of gryo and servo- motor devices made possible a great

Strategic Requirements for the Army to the Year 2000. Volume VI. East Asia and the Western Pacific Basin.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-01

mainland China - and this appears essential to vital U.S. interests in the Western Pacific, alternative 2) may be our only acceptable course. If so, we...with 26 essentially the same kind of equipment they have today. Still less encouraging is the fact that Soviet technology in this field may have advanced...appears appropriate for its mission, which is essentially one of deterrence. We have already alluded, however, to the possible need for 1) upgrading the

Human Health Exposure Assessment for Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Volume 8. Response to Comments on the Draft Exposure Assessment Version 4.1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

ASSESSMENT (INCLUDES ARMY AND SHELL TOXICITY PROFILES). VOL. 41V - PPLV METHODOLOGY. VOL. V - PPLV CALCULATIONS. VOL. VI - STUDY AREA EXPOSURE ANALYSIS (A...INTRODUCTION, B WESTERN STUDY AREA, C SOUTHERN STUDY AREA, D NORTHERN CENTRAL STUDY AREA, E CENTRAL STUDY AREA, F EASTERN STUDY AREA, G SOUTH PLANTS... STUDY AREA, AND H NORTH PLANTS STUDY AREA. VOL. VII - SUMMARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT. VOL. VIII - 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES PPLV, LAND USE

A Compilation of Federal Education Laws. Volume IV--Vocational Education, Job Training, Rehabilitation and Related Statutes. As Amended through December 31, 1991. Prepared for the Use of the Committee on Education and Labor, U.S. House of Representatives. One Hundred Second Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Education and Labor.

This document contains the complete text of federal laws related to vocational education, job training, rehabilitation, and related areas as amended through December 31, 1991. Statutes included are the: (1) Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act (Titles I-V); (2) Job Training Partnership Act (Titles I-VI); (3) Displaced Homemakers…

Shock and Vibration Symposium (59th) Held in Albuquerque, New Mexico on 18-20 October 1988. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

030 in. Thick V-45 Rubber Shear Ply Aluminum Coated Steel Snap- FM-73 Film NAS 6703 Bolts ring 7 Polar Layers - M7885/4 Rivets 76 Required 11.5 Deg...Feedback Q. Zhang, S. Shelley 1. N. Lou and R. J. Allemang Relating Material Properties and Wave Effects in Vibration Isolators M. C. Reid, S. 0...Load-Deflection Characteristics of Rubber Element for Vibration Control Devices E. I. Rivin and B. S. Lee Vi ______ _____________ AIRBLAST Envelope

BDNF polymorphism predicts the rate of decline in skilled task performance and hippocampal volume in healthy individuals

PubMed Central

Sanchez, M Millan; Das, D; Taylor, J L; Noda, A; Yesavage, J A; Salehi, A

2011-01-01

Numerous studies have indicated a link between the presence of polymorphism in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive and affective disorders. However, only a few have studied these effects longitudinally along with structural changes in the brain. This study was carried out to investigate whether valine-to-methionine substitution at position 66 (val66met) of pro-BDNF could be linked to alterations in the rate of decline in skilled task performance and structural changes in hippocampal volume. Participants consisted of 144 healthy Caucasian pilots (aged 40–69 years) who completed a minimum of 3 consecutive annual visits. Standardized flight simulator score (SFSS) was measured as a reliable and quantifiable indicator for skilled task performance. In addition, a subset of these individuals was assessed for hippocampal volume alterations using magnetic resonance imaging. We found that val66met substitution in BDNF correlated longitudinally with the rate of decline in SFSS. Structurally, age-dependent hippocampal volume changes were also significantly altered by this substitution. Our study suggests that val66met polymorphism in BDNF can be linked to the rate of decline in skilled task performance. Furthermore, this polymorphism could be used as a predictor of the effects of age on the structure of the hippocampus in healthy individuals. Such results have implications for understanding possible disabilities in older adults performing skilled tasks who are at a higher risk for cognitive and affective disorders. PMID:22833197

On-board multispectral classification study. Volume 2: Supplementary tasks. [adaptive control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ewalt, D.

1979-01-01

The operational tasks of the onboard multispectral classification study were defined. These tasks include: sensing characteristics for future space applications; information adaptive systems architectural approaches; data set selection criteria; and onboard functional requirements for interfacing with global positioning satellites.

Understanding Skill in EVA Mass Handling. Volume 4; An Integrated Methodology for Evaluating Space Suit Mobility and Stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McDonald, P. Vernon; Newman, Dava

1999-01-01

The empirical investigation of extravehicular activity (EVA) mass handling conducted on NASA's Precision Air-Bearing Floor led to a Phase I SBIR from JSC. The purpose of the SBIR was to design an innovative system for evaluating space suit mobility and stability in conditions that simulate EVA on the surface of the Moon or Mars. The approach we used to satisfy the Phase I objectives was based on a structured methodology for the development of human-systems technology. Accordingly the project was broken down into a number of tasks and subtasks. In sequence, the major tasks were: 1) Identify missions and tasks that will involve EVA and resulting mobility requirements in the near and long term; 2) Assess possible methods for evaluating mobility of space suits during field-based EVA tests; 3) Identify requirements for behavioral evaluation by interacting with NASA stakeholders;.4) Identify necessary and sufficient technology for implementation of a mobility evaluation system; and 5) Prioritize and select technology solutions. The work conducted in these tasks is described in this final volume of the series on EVA mass handling. While prior volumes in the series focus on novel data-analytic techniques, this volume addresses technology that is necessary for minimally intrusive data collection and near-real-time data analysis and display.

Real-world navigation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: The relation to visuospatial memory and volume of hippocampal subregions.

PubMed

Peter, Jessica; Sandkamp, Richard; Minkova, Lora; Schumacher, Lena V; Kaller, Christoph P; Abdulkadir, Ahmed; Klöppel, Stefan

2018-01-31

Spatial disorientation is a frequent symptom in Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the clinical routine, spatial orientation is less often tested with real-world navigation but rather with 2D visuoconstructive tasks. However, reports about the association between the two types of tasks are sparse. Additionally, spatial disorientation has been linked to volume of the right hippocampus but it remains unclear whether right hippocampal subregions have differential involvement in real-world navigation. Yet, this would help uncover different functional roles of the subregions, which would have important implications for understanding the neuronal underpinnings of navigation skills. We compared patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI; n = 25) and healthy elderly controls (HC; n = 25) in a real-world navigation task that engaged different spatial processes. The association between real-world navigation and different visuoconstructive tasks was tested (i.e., figures from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; CERAD, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure task; and clock drawing). Furthermore, the relation between spatial navigation and volume of right hippocampal subregions was examined. Linear regression and relative weight analysis were applied for statistical analyses. Patients with aMCI were significantly less able to correctly navigate through a route compared to HC but had comparable map drawing and landmark recognition skills. The association between visuoconstructive tasks and real-world navigation was only significant when using the visuospatial memory component of the Rey figure. In aMCI, more volume of the right hippocampal tail was significantly associated with better navigation skills, while volume of the right CA2/3 region was a significant predictor in HC. Standard visuoconstructive tasks (e.g., the CERAD figures or clock drawing) are not sufficient to detect real-world spatial disabilities in aMCI. Consequently, more complex visuoconstructive tasks (i.e., the Rey figure) should be routinely included in the assessment of cognitive functions in the context of AD. Moreover, in those elderly individuals with impaired complex visuospatial memory, route finding behaviour should be evaluated in detail. Regarding the contribution of hippocampal subregions to spatial navigation, the right hippocampal tail seems to be particularly important for patients with aMCI, while the CA2/3 region appears to be more relevant in HC. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Developmental Ethanol Exposure Leads to Long-Term Deficits in Attention and Its Underlying Prefrontal Circuitry

PubMed Central

Bignell, Warren

2016-01-01

Abstract Chronic prenatal exposure to ethanol can lead to a spectrum of teratogenic outcomes that are classified in humans as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). One of the most prevalent and persistent neurocognitive components of FASD is attention deficits, and it is now thought that these attention deficits differ from traditional attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in their quality and response to medication. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying attention deficits in FASD are not well understood. We show here that after developmental binge-pattern ethanol exposure, adult mice exhibit impaired performance on the five-choice serial reaction time test for visual attention, with lower accuracy during initial training and a higher rate of omissions under challenging conditions of high attention demand. Whole-cell electrophysiology experiments in these same mice find dysregulated pyramidal neurons in layer VI of the medial prefrontal cortex, which are critical for normal attention performance. Layer VI neurons show decreased intrinsic excitability and increased responses to stimulation of both nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors. Moreover, although nicotinic acetylcholine responses correlate with performance on the five-choice task in control mice, these relationships are completely disrupted in mice exposed to ethanol during development. These findings demonstrate a novel outcome of developmental binge-pattern ethanol exposure and suggest that persistent alterations to the function of prefrontal layer VI neurons play an important mechanistic role in attention deficits associated with FASD. PMID:27844059

Task Proficiency and L1 Private Speech

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yamada, Minako

2005-01-01

There is a growing volume of research on task-based language use; however, the nature of "task proficiency" has not yet been clearly defined. In order to gain new insights, this study examines the relationship between the process of communication in an L2 and a task outcome by analysing lexical density, as obtained from the pattern of a…

A Note on the Factor Structure of Some Piagetian Tasks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawson, Anton E.; Nordland, Floyd H.

Some evidence supports the hypothesis that formal operational reasoning ability (at least that measured by Piagetian tasks) is a unified process. The purpose of this research was to determine: (1) if conservation tasks, such as conservation of number, liquid amount, weight and volume, are unifactor; and (2) if conservation tasks form a scale of…

What’s special about task in dystonia? A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion weighted imaging study

PubMed Central

Ramdhani, Ritesh A.; Kumar, Veena; Velickovic, Miodrag; Frucht, Steven J.; Tagliati, Michele; Simonyan, Kristina

2014-01-01

Background Numerous brain imaging studies have demonstrated structural changes in the basal ganglia, thalamus, sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum across different forms of primary dystonia. However, our understanding of brain abnormalities contributing to the clinically well-described phenomenon of task-specificity in dystonia remained limited. Methods We used high-resolution MRI with voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging with tract-based spatial statistics of fractional anisotropy to examine gray and white matter organization in two task-specific dystonia forms, writer’s cramp and laryngeal dystonia, and two non-task-specific dystonia forms, cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. Results A direct comparison between the both dystonia forms revealed that characteristic gray matter volumetric changes in task-specific dystonia involve the brain regions responsible for sensorimotor control during writing and speaking, such as primary somatosensory cortex, middle frontal gyrus, superior/inferior temporal gyrus, middle/posterior cingulate cortex, occipital cortex as well as the striatum and cerebellum (lobules VI-VIIa). These gray matter changes were accompanied by white matter abnormalities in the premotor cortex, middle/inferior frontal gyrus, genu of the corpus callosum, anterior limb/genu of the internal capsule, and putamen. Conversely, gray matter volumetric changes in non-task-specific group were limited to the left cerebellum (lobule VIIa) only, while white matter alterations were found to underlie the primary sensorimotor cortex, inferior parietal lobule and middle cingulate gyrus. Conclusion Distinct microstructural patterns in task-specific and non-task-specific dystonias may represent neuroimaging markers and provide evidence that these two dystonia subclasses likely follow divergent pathophysiological mechanisms precipitated by different triggers. PMID:24925463

Space station data system analysis/architecture study. Task 3: Trade studies, DR-5, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Results of a Space Station Data System Analysis/Architecture Study for the Goddard Space Flight Center are presented. This study, which emphasized a system engineering design for a complete, end-to-end data system, was divided into six tasks: (1); Functional requirements definition; (2) Options development; (3) Trade studies; (4) System definitions; (5) Program plan; and (6) Study maintenance. The Task inter-relationship and documentation flow are described. Information in volume 2 is devoted to Task 3: trade Studies. Trade Studies have been carried out in the following areas: (1) software development test and integration capability; (2) fault tolerant computing; (3) space qualified computers; (4) distributed data base management system; (5) system integration test and verification; (6) crew workstations; (7) mass storage; (8) command and resource management; and (9) space communications. Results are presented for each task.

Examination of space/volume requirements for US underground coal mine refuge alternatives.

PubMed

Porter, William L; Dempsey, Patrick G; Jansky, Jacqueline H

2017-01-01

The Mine Safety and Health Administration requires that 1.4 m 2 (15 ft 2 ) of floor space is to be provided for each person inside a refuge alternative (RA). However, the amount of floor space needed for a person to reside inside an RA and perform basic tasks is unknown. During testing, participants entered into an RA or a simulated RA of various space/volume configurations and performed several simulated tasks that are representative of the survivability tasks performed within an RA. The results indicate that the floor space requirements were generally adequate for the tasks studied. Certain tasks such as changing scrubber cartridges, using toilets, and moving about the RA were impacted by the minimum height tested (0.6 m). As such, RAs of this height will require critical design consideration as a whole and the supplies provided for use inside of the RA to ensure the ability to use an RA.

CONFINTEA VI follow-up and the role of university lifelong learning: Some issues for European higher education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Németh, Balázs

2011-08-01

The Belém Framework for Action underlines, among many other issues, that quality in adult learning and education must be holistic and multidimensional both as a concept and in practice, using various tools such as partnerships with higher education institutions. Bridging adult and higher education is difficult, but the lifelong learning paradigm may help European universities to meet the challenge. This paper argues that European higher education institutions should, on the one hand, educate adults to qualify them for their complex roles in society and economy either through academic programmes or in other, non-formal ways. On the other hand, higher education institutions should promote quality research on adult learning and education and develop active citizenship too. Emphasis was clearly given to the former task in the Budapest Statement in December 2008 as part of the European preparatory process for CONFINTEA VI, and the latter has been articulated by UNESCO for more than a decade. This paper suggests that a balanced position may help universities in setting themselves up as better and more effective learning organisations.

Software design for the VIS instrument onboard the Euclid mission: a multilayer approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galli, E.; Di Giorgio, A. M.; Pezzuto, S.; Liu, S. J.; Giusi, G.; Li Causi, G.; Farina, M.; Cropper, M.; Denniston, J.; Niemi, S.

2014-07-01

The Euclid mission scientific payload is composed of two instruments: a VISible Imaging Instrument (VIS) and a Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer instrument (NISP). Each instrument has its own control unit. The Instrument Command and Data Processing Unit (VI-CDPU) is the control unit of the VIS instrument. The VI-CDPU is connected directly to the spacecraft by means of a MIL-STD-1553B bus and to the satellite Mass Memory Unit via a SpaceWire link. All the internal interfaces are implemented via SpaceWire links and include 12 high speed lines for the data provided by the 36 focal plane CCDs readout electronics (ROEs) and one link to the Power and Mechanisms Control Unit (VI-PMCU). VI-CDPU is in charge of distributing commands to the instrument sub-systems, collecting their housekeeping parameters and monitoring their health status. Moreover, the unit has the task of acquiring, reordering, compressing and transferring the science data to the satellite Mass Memory. This last feature is probably the most challenging one for the VI-CDPU, since stringent constraints about the minimum lossless compression ratio, the maximum time for the compression execution and the maximum power consumption have to be satisfied. Therefore, an accurate performance analysis at hardware layer is necessary, which could delay too much the design and development of software. In order to mitigate this risk, in the multilayered design of software we decided to design a middleware layer that provides a set of APIs with the aim of hiding the implementation of the HW connected layer to the application one. The middleware is built on top of the Operating System layer (which includes the Real-Time OS that will be adopted) and the onboard Computer Hardware. The middleware itself has a multi-layer architecture composed of 4 layers: the Abstract RTOS Adapter Layer (AOSAL), the Speci_c RTOS Adapter Layer (SOSAL), the Common Patterns Layer (CPL), the Service Layer composed of two subgroups which are the Common Service (CSL) and the Specific Service layer (SSL). The middleware design is made using the UML 2.0 standard. The AOSAL includes the abstraction of services provided by a generic RTOS (e.g Thread/Task, Time Management, Mutex and Semaphores) as well as an abstraction of SpaceWire and 1553-B bus Interface. The SOSAL is the implementation of AOSAL for the adopted RTOS. The CPL provides a set of patterns that are a general solution for common problems related to embedded hard Real Time systems. This set includes patterns for memory management, homogenous redundancy channels, pipes and filters for data exchange, proxies for slow memories, watchdog and reactive objects. The CPL is designed using a soft-metamodeling approach, so as to be as general as possible. Finally, the SL provides a set of services that are common to space applications. The testing of this middleware can be done both during the design using appropriate tools of analysis and in the implementation phase by means of unit testing tools.

Neural correlates of cerebellar-mediated timing during finger tapping in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

PubMed

du Plessis, Lindie; Jacobson, Sandra W; Molteno, Christopher D; Robertson, Frances C; Peterson, Bradley S; Jacobson, Joseph L; Meintjes, Ernesta M

2015-01-01

Classical eyeblink conditioning (EBC), an elemental form of learning, is among the most sensitive indicators of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The cerebellum plays a key role in maintaining timed movements with millisecond accuracy required for EBC. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to identify cerebellar regions that mediate timing in healthy controls and the degree to which these areas are also recruited in children with prenatal alcohol exposure. fMRI data were acquired during an auditory rhythmic/non-rhythmic finger tapping task. We present results for 17 children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS, 17 heavily exposed (HE) nonsyndromal children and 16 non- or minimally exposed controls. Controls showed greater cerebellar blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in right crus I, vermis IV-VI, and right lobule VI during rhythmic than non-rhythmic finger tapping. The alcohol-exposed children showed smaller activation increases during rhythmic tapping in right crus I than the control children and the most severely affected children with either FAS or PFAS showed smaller increases in vermis IV-V. Higher levels of maternal alcohol intake per occasion during pregnancy were associated with reduced activation increases during rhythmic tapping in all four regions associated with rhythmic tapping in controls. The four cerebellar areas activated by the controls more during rhythmic than non-rhythmic tapping have been implicated in the production of timed responses in several previous studies. These data provide evidence linking binge-like drinking during pregnancy to poorer function in cerebellar regions involved in timing and somatosensory processing needed for complex tasks requiring precise timing.

Association between CSF biomarkers, hippocampal volume and cognitive function in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

PubMed

Nathan, Pradeep J; Lim, Yen Ying; Abbott, Rosemary; Galluzzi, Samantha; Marizzoni, Moira; Babiloni, Claudio; Albani, Diego; Bartres-Faz, David; Didic, Mira; Farotti, Lucia; Parnetti, Lucilla; Salvadori, Nicola; Müller, Bernhard W; Forloni, Gianluigi; Girtler, Nicola; Hensch, Tilman; Jovicich, Jorge; Leeuwis, Annebet; Marra, Camillo; Molinuevo, José Luis; Nobili, Flavio; Pariente, Jeremie; Payoux, Pierre; Ranjeva, Jean-Philippe; Rolandi, Elena; Rossini, Paolo Maria; Schönknecht, Peter; Soricelli, Andrea; Tsolaki, Magda; Visser, Pieter Jelle; Wiltfang, Jens; Richardson, Jill C; Bordet, Régis; Blin, Olivier; Frisoni, Giovanni B

2017-05-01

Few studies have examined the relationship between CSF and structural biomarkers, and cognitive function in MCI. We examined the relationship between cognitive function, hippocampal volume and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ 42 and tau in 145 patients with MCI. Patients were assessed on cognitive tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Functional Activities Questionnaire. Hippocampal volume was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CSF markers of Aβ 42 , tau and p-tau 181 were also measured. Worse performance on a wide range of memory and sustained attention tasks were associated with reduced hippocampal volume, higher CSF tau and p-tau 181 and increased tau/Aβ 42 ratio. Memory tasks were also associated with lower ability to conduct functional activities of daily living, providing a link between AD biomarkers, memory performance and functional outcome. These results suggest that biomarkers of Aβ and tau are strongly related to cognitive performance as assessed by the CANTAB, and have implications for the early detection and characterization of incipient AD. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cold cathodes for sealed off CO2 lasers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hochuli, U. E.; Sciacca, T. P.; Hurt, C. R.

1973-01-01

Experimental results of a group of theoretically selected cold cathode materials are presented. These tests indicate Ag-CuO, Cu, and Pt-Cu as three new cold cathode materials for sealed-off CO2 lasers. The power output of a test laser with an Ag-CuO cathode and a gas volume of only 50 cu cm varied from 0.72 W to 1.1 W at 3000 hours and still yields 0.88 W after 8000 hours. Gas discharge tubes with Cu cathodes and a volume of 25 cu cm yield lifetimes in excess of 10,000 hours. Gas analysis results, obtained from a similar tube over a period of 3000 hours, look most promising. A Pt-Cu alloy cathode shows an extremely promising V-I characteristic over a period of 2800 hours.

Effect of ovarian endometrioma on uterine and ovarian blood flow in infertile women.

PubMed

El-Mazny, Akmal; Kamel, Ahmed; Ramadan, Wafaa; Gad-Allah, Sherine; Abdelaziz, Suzy; Hussein, Ahmed M

2016-01-01

Angiogenesis has been found to be among the most important factors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The formation of new blood vessels is critical for the survival of newly implanted endometriotic foci. The use of 3-D power Doppler allows for the demonstration of the dynamic vascular changes that occur during the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF). We aimed to evaluate the effect of ovarian endometrioma on uterine and ovarian blood flow in infertile women. In a case-control study at a university teaching hospital, 138 women with unilateral ovarian endometrioma scheduled for IVF were compared to 138 women with male-factor or unexplained infertility. In the mid-luteal (peri-implantation) phase of the cycle, endometrial thickness, uterine and ovarian artery pulsatility index and resistance index, endometrial and ovarian volume, 3-D power Doppler vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization FI (VFI) values were measured in both groups. There were no significant differences ( P >0.05) in endometrial thickness, uterine ovarian artery pulsatility index and resistance index, endometrial and ovarian volume, or VI, FI, and VFI between the two groups. Furthermore, the endometrial and ovarian Doppler indices were not influenced by endometrioma size. No significant differences were observed in the ovarian Doppler indices between endometrioma-containing ovaries and contralateral ovaries. Ovarian endometrioma is not associated with impaired endometrial and ovarian blood flows in infertile women scheduled for IVF, and it is not likely to affect endometrial receptivity or ovarian function through a vascular mechanism.

Project FARE task III report : urban mass transportation industry reporting system design : interim task III report for November 1972-June 1973 period. Part III - Reporting system forms.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-06-01

The report contains a description of the proposed uniform reporting system for the urban mass transit industry. It is presented in four volumes: Part I - Task Summary contains a description of how Task III was accomplished and the conclusions and rec...

Project FARE task III report : urban mass transportation industry reporting system design : interim task III report for November 1972-June 1973 period. Part IV - Commuter rail reporting.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-06-01

This report contains a description of the proposed uniform reporting system for the urban mass transit industry. It is presented in four volumes: Part I - Task Summary contains a description of how Task III was accomplished and the conclusions and re...

Project FARE task III report : urban mass transportation industry reporting system design : interim task III report for November 1972-June 1973 period. Part II - Reporting system instructions.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-06-01

This report contains a description of the proposed uniform reporting system for the urban mass transit industry. It is presented in four volumes: Part I - Task Summary contains a description of how Task III was accomplished and the conclusions and re...

Diverse functions of myosin VI elucidated by an isoform-specific α-helix domain.

PubMed

Wollscheid, Hans-Peter; Biancospino, Matteo; He, Fahu; Magistrati, Elisa; Molteni, Erika; Lupia, Michela; Soffientini, Paolo; Rottner, Klemens; Cavallaro, Ugo; Pozzoli, Uberto; Mapelli, Marina; Walters, Kylie J; Polo, Simona

2016-04-01

Myosin VI functions in endocytosis and cell motility. Alternative splicing of myosin VI mRNA generates two distinct isoform types, myosin VI(short) and myosin VI(long), which differ in the C-terminal region. Their physiological and pathological roles remain unknown. Here we identified an isoform-specific regulatory helix, named the α2-linker, that defines specific conformations and hence determines the target selectivity of human myosin VI. The presence of the α2-linker structurally defines a new clathrin-binding domain that is unique to myosin VI(long) and masks the known RRL interaction motif. This finding is relevant to ovarian cancer, in which alternative myosin VI splicing is aberrantly regulated, and exon skipping dictates cell addiction to myosin VI(short) in tumor-cell migration. The RRL interactor optineurin contributes to this process by selectively binding myosin VI(short). Thus, the α2-linker acts like a molecular switch that assigns myosin VI to distinct endocytic (myosin VI(long)) or migratory (myosin VI(short)) functional roles.

Striatal volume predicts level of video game skill acquisition.

PubMed

Erickson, Kirk I; Boot, Walter R; Basak, Chandramallika; Neider, Mark B; Prakash, Ruchika S; Voss, Michelle W; Graybiel, Ann M; Simons, Daniel J; Fabiani, Monica; Gratton, Gabriele; Kramer, Arthur F

2010-11-01

Video game skills transfer to other tasks, but individual differences in performance and in learning and transfer rates make it difficult to identify the source of transfer benefits. We asked whether variability in initial acquisition and of improvement in performance on a demanding video game, the Space Fortress game, could be predicted by variations in the pretraining volume of either of 2 key brain regions implicated in learning and memory: the striatum, implicated in procedural learning and cognitive flexibility, and the hippocampus, implicated in declarative memory. We found that hippocampal volumes did not predict learning improvement but that striatal volumes did. Moreover, for the striatum, the volumes of the dorsal striatum predicted improvement in performance but the volumes of the ventral striatum did not. Both ventral and dorsal striatal volumes predicted early acquisition rates. Furthermore, this early-stage correlation between striatal volumes and learning held regardless of the cognitive flexibility demands of the game versions, whereas the predictive power of the dorsal striatal volumes held selectively for performance improvements in a game version emphasizing cognitive flexibility. These findings suggest a neuroanatomical basis for the superiority of training strategies that promote cognitive flexibility and transfer to untrained tasks.

Electronic toll collection interoperability study in Brazil. Task 2 : economic and financial analysis and Task 3 : environmental/societal analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-05-01

This report, conducted by Parsons Bricknerhoff International, was funded by the U.S. Trade and Development Agency. The report examines the potential for developing electronic toll collection systems in Brazil. This is Volume II and it contains "Task ...

Lexical factors and cerebral regions influencing verbal fluency performance in MCI.

PubMed

Clark, D G; Wadley, V G; Kapur, P; DeRamus, T P; Singletary, B; Nicholas, A P; Blanton, P D; Lokken, K; Deshpande, H; Marson, D; Deutsch, G

2014-02-01

To evaluate assumptions regarding semantic (noun), verb, and letter fluency in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) using novel techniques for measuring word similarity in fluency lists and a region of interest (ROI) analysis of gray matter correlates. Fifty-eight individuals with normal cognition (NC, n=25), MCI (n=23), or AD (n=10) underwent neuropsychological tests, including 10 verbal fluency tasks (three letter tasks [F, A, S], six noun categories [animals, water creatures, fruits and vegetables, tools, vehicles, boats], and verbs). All pairs of words generated by each participant on each task were compared in terms of semantic (meaning), orthographic (spelling), and phonemic (pronunciation) similarity. We used mixed-effects logistic regression to determine which lexical factors were predictive of word adjacency within the lists. Associations between each fluency raw score and gray matter volumes in sixteen ROIs were identified by means of multiple linear regression. We evaluated causal models for both types of analyses to specify the contributions of diagnosis and various mediator variables to the outcomes of word adjacency and fluency raw score. Semantic similarity between words emerged as the strongest predictor of word adjacency for all fluency tasks, including the letter fluency tasks. Semantic similarity mediated the effect of cognitive impairment on word adjacency only for three fluency tasks employing a biological cue. Orthographic similarity was predictive of word adjacency for the A and S tasks, while phonemic similarity was predictive only for the S task and one semantic task (vehicles). The ROI analysis revealed different patterns of correlations among the various fluency tasks, with the most common associations in the right lower temporal and bilateral dorsal frontal regions. Following correction with gray matter volumes from the opposite hemisphere, significant associations persisted for animals, vehicles, and a composite nouns score in the left inferior frontal gyrus, but for letter A, letter S, and a composite FAS score in the right inferior frontal gyrus. These regressions also revealed a lateralized association of the left subcortical nuclei with all letter fluency scores and fruits and vegetables fluency, and an association of the right lower temporal ROI with letter A, FAS, and verb fluency. Gray matter volume in several bihemispheric ROIs (left dorsal frontal, right lower temporal, right occipital, and bilateral mesial temporal) mediated the relationship between cognitive impairment and fluency for fruits and vegetables. Gray matter volume in the right lower temporal ROI mediated the relationship between cognitive impairment and five fluency raw scores (animals, fruits and vegetables, tools, verbs, and the composite nouns score). Semantic memory exerts the strongest influence on word adjacency in letter fluency as well as semantic verbal fluency tasks. Orthography is a stronger influence than pronunciation. All types of fluency task raw scores (letter, noun, and verb) correlate with cerebral regions known to support verbal or nonverbal semantic memory. The findings emphasize the contribution of right hemisphere regions to fluency task performance, particularly for verb and letter fluency. The relationship between diagnosis and semantic fluency performance is mediated by semantic similarity of words and by gray matter volume in the right lower temporal region. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Motor imagery modality in expert dancers: an investigation of hip and pelvis kinematics in demi-plié and sauté.

PubMed

Coker, Elizabeth; McIsaac, Tara L; Nilsen, Dawn

2015-06-01

Elite dancers often engage in mental practice during training, but little is known about the effects of discrete, repetitive motor imagery on dance movement performance. This study compared the effects of two motor imagery modalities, third-person visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery, on hip and pelvis kinematics during two technical dance movements, plié and sauté. Twenty-four female dancers (mean age: 26.04; mean years of training: 19.63) were randomly assigned to a type of imagery practice: visual imagery (VI), kinesthetic imagery (KI), or a mental arithmetic task control condition (MAT). No statistically significant effects of imagery group or task type were found for external hip rotation, sagittal pelvic excursion, or a ratio relating hip to pelvic movement, suggesting that imagery practice did not affect either temporal or kinematic characteristics of the plié or sauté.

Temporal lobe structures and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia patients and nonpsychotic relatives.

PubMed

Goghari, Vina M; Macdonald, Angus W; Sponheim, Scott R

2011-11-01

Temporal lobe abnormalities and emotion recognition deficits are prominent features of schizophrenia and appear related to the diathesis of the disorder. This study investigated whether temporal lobe structural abnormalities were associated with facial emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia and related to genetic liability for the disorder. Twenty-seven schizophrenia patients, 23 biological family members, and 36 controls participated. Several temporal lobe regions (fusiform, superior temporal, middle temporal, amygdala, and hippocampus) previously associated with face recognition in normative samples and found to be abnormal in schizophrenia were evaluated using volumetric analyses. Participants completed a facial emotion recognition task and an age recognition control task under time-limited and self-paced conditions. Temporal lobe volumes were tested for associations with task performance. Group status explained 23% of the variance in temporal lobe volume. Left fusiform gray matter volume was decreased by 11% in patients and 7% in relatives compared with controls. Schizophrenia patients additionally exhibited smaller hippocampal and middle temporal volumes. Patients were unable to improve facial emotion recognition performance with unlimited time to make a judgment but were able to improve age recognition performance. Patients additionally showed a relationship between reduced temporal lobe gray matter and poor facial emotion recognition. For the middle temporal lobe region, the relationship between greater volume and better task performance was specific to facial emotion recognition and not age recognition. Because schizophrenia patients exhibited a specific deficit in emotion recognition not attributable to a generalized impairment in face perception, impaired emotion recognition may serve as a target for interventions.

An Exploratory Study on the Pathways of Cr (VI) Reduction in Sulfate-reducing Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) Reactor

PubMed Central

Qian, Jin; Wei, Li; Liu, Rulong; Jiang, Feng; Hao, Xiaodi; Chen, Guang-Hao

2016-01-01

Electroplating wastewater contains both Cr (VI) and sulfate. So Cr (VI) removal under sulfate-rich condition is quite complicated. This study mainly investigates the pathways for Cr (VI) removal under biological sulfate-reducing condition in the up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. Two potential pathways are found for the removal of Cr (VI). The first one is the sulfidogenesis-induced Cr (VI) reduction pathway (for 90% Cr (VI) removal), in which Cr (VI) is reduced by sulfide generated from biological reduction of sulfate. The second one leads to direct reduction of Cr (VI) which is utilized by bacteria as the electron acceptor (for 10% Cr (VI) removal). Batch test results confirmed that sulfide was oxidized to elemental sulfur instead of sulfate during Cr (VI) reduction. The produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) provided protection to the microbes, resulting in effective removal of Cr (VI). Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) genera accounted for 11.1% of the total bacterial community; thus they could be the major organisms mediating the sulfidogenesis-induced reduction of Cr (VI). In addition, chromate-utilizing genera (e.g. Microbacterium) were also detected, which were possibly responsible for the direct reduction of Cr (VI) using organics as the electron donor and Cr (VI) as the electron acceptor. PMID:27021522

Automated science target selection for future Mars rovers: A machine vision approach for the future ESA ExoMars 2018 rover mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tao, Yu; Muller, Jan-Peter

2013-04-01

The ESA ExoMars 2018 rover is planned to perform autonomous science target selection (ASTS) using the approaches described in [1]. However, the approaches shown to date have focused on coarse features rather than the identification of specific geomorphological units. These higher-level "geoobjects" can later be employed to perform intelligent reasoning or machine learning. In this work, we show the next stage in the ASTS through examples displaying the identification of bedding planes (not just linear features in rock-face images) and the identification and discrimination of rocks in a rock-strewn landscape (not just rocks). We initially detect the layers and rocks in 2D processing via morphological gradient detection [1] and graph cuts based segmentation [2] respectively. To take this further requires the retrieval of 3D point clouds and the combined processing of point clouds and images for reasoning about the scene. An example is the differentiation of rocks in rover images. This will depend on knowledge of range and range-order of features. We show demonstrations of these "geo-objects" using MER and MSL (released through the PDS) as well as data collected within the EU-PRoViScout project (http://proviscout.eu). An initial assessment will be performed of the automated "geo-objects" using the OpenSource StereoViewer developed within the EU-PRoViSG project (http://provisg.eu) which is released in sourceforge. In future, additional 3D measurement tools will be developed within the EU-FP7 PRoViDE2 project, which started on 1.1.13. References: [1] M. Woods, A. Shaw, D. Barnes, D. Price, D. Long, D. Pullan, (2009) "Autonomous Science for an ExoMars Rover-Like Mission", Journal of Field Robotics Special Issue: Special Issue on Space Robotics, Part II, Volume 26, Issue 4, pages 358-390. [2] J. Shi, J. Malik, (2000) "Normalized Cuts and Image Segmentation", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Volume 22. [3] D. Shin, and J.-P. Muller (2009), Stereo workstation for Mars rover image analysis, in EPSC (Europlanets), Potsdam, Germany, EPSC2009-390

Convection-enhanced delivery of M13 bacteriophage to the brain

PubMed Central

Ksendzovsky, Alexander; Walbridge, Stuart; Saunders, Richard C.; Asthagiri, Ashok R.; Heiss, John D.; Lonser, Russell R.

2013-01-01

Object Recent studies indicate that M13 bacteriophage, a very large nanoparticle, binds to β-amyloid and α-synuclein proteins, leading to plaque disaggregation in models of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. To determine the feasibility, safety, and characteristics of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of M13 bacteriophage to the brain, the authors perfused primate brains with bacteriophage. Methods Four nonhuman primates underwent CED of M13 bacteriophage (900 nm) to thalamic gray matter (4 infusions) and frontal white matter (3 infusions). Bacteriophage was coinfused with Gd-DTPA (1 mM), and serial MRI studies were performed during infusion. Animals were monitored for neurological deficits and were killed 3 days after infusion. Tissues were analyzed for bacteriophage distribution. Results Real-time T1-weighted MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA during infusion demonstrated a discrete region of perfusion in both thalamic gray and frontal white matter. An MRI-volumetric analysis revealed that the mean volume of distribution (Vd) to volume of infusion (Vi) ratio of M13 bacteriophage was 2.3 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 1.9 ± 0.3 in white matter. The mean values are expressed ± SD. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated mean Vd:Vi ratios of 2.9 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 2.1 ± 0.3 in white matter. The Gd-DTPA accurately tracked M13 bacteriophage distribution (the mean difference between imaging and actual bacteriophage Vd was insignificant [p > 0.05], and was −2.2% ± 9.9% in thalamic gray matter and 9.1% ± 9.5% in frontal white matter). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed evidence of additional spread from the initial delivery site in white matter (mean Vd:Vi, 16.1 ± 9.1). All animals remained neurologically intact after infusion during the observation period, and histological studies revealed no evidence of toxicity. Conclusions The CED method can be used successfully and safely to distribute M13 bacteriophage in the brain. Furthermore, additional white matter spread after infusion cessation enhances distribution of this large nanoparticle. Real-time MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA (1 mM) can be used for accurate tracking of distribution during infusion of M13 bacteriophage. PMID:22606981

Convection-enhanced delivery of M13 bacteriophage to the brain.

PubMed

Ksendzovsky, Alexander; Walbridge, Stuart; Saunders, Richard C; Asthagiri, Ashok R; Heiss, John D; Lonser, Russell R

2012-08-01

Recent studies indicate that M13 bacteriophage, a very large nanoparticle, binds to β-amyloid and α-synuclein proteins, leading to plaque disaggregation in models of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. To determine the feasibility, safety, and characteristics of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of M13 bacteriophage to the brain, the authors perfused primate brains with bacteriophage. Four nonhuman primates underwent CED of M13 bacteriophage (900 nm) to thalamic gray matter (4 infusions) and frontal white matter (3 infusions). Bacteriophage was coinfused with Gd-DTPA (1 mM), and serial MRI studies were performed during infusion. Animals were monitored for neurological deficits and were killed 3 days after infusion. Tissues were analyzed for bacteriophage distribution. Real-time T1-weighted MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA during infusion demonstrated a discrete region of perfusion in both thalamic gray and frontal white matter. An MRI-volumetric analysis revealed that the mean volume of distribution (Vd) to volume of infusion (Vi) ratio of M13 bacteriophage was 2.3 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 1.9 ± 0.3 in white matter. The mean values are expressed ± SD. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated mean Vd:Vi ratios of 2.9 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 2.1 ± 0.3 in white matter. The Gd-DTPA accurately tracked M13 bacteriophage distribution (the mean difference between imaging and actual bacteriophage Vd was insignificant [p > 0.05], and was -2.2% ± 9.9% in thalamic gray matter and 9.1% ± 9.5% in frontal white matter). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed evidence of additional spread from the initial delivery site in white matter (mean Vd:Vi, 16.1 ± 9.1). All animals remained neurologically intact after infusion during the observation period, and histological studies revealed no evidence of toxicity. The CED method can be used successfully and safely to distribute M13 bacteriophage in the brain. Furthermore, additional white matter spread after infusion cessation enhances distribution of this large nanoparticle. Real-time MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA (1 mM) can be used for accurate tracking of distribution during infusion of M13 bacteriophage.

Testing earthquake prediction algorithms: Statistically significant advance prediction of the largest earthquakes in the Circum-Pacific, 1992-1997

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kossobokov, V.G.; Romashkova, L.L.; Keilis-Borok, V. I.; Healy, J.H.

1999-01-01

Algorithms M8 and MSc (i.e., the Mendocino Scenario) were used in a real-time intermediate-term research prediction of the strongest earthquakes in the Circum-Pacific seismic belt. Predictions are made by M8 first. Then, the areas of alarm are reduced by MSc at the cost that some earthquakes are missed in the second approximation of prediction. In 1992-1997, five earthquakes of magnitude 8 and above occurred in the test area: all of them were predicted by M8 and MSc identified correctly the locations of four of them. The space-time volume of the alarms is 36% and 18%, correspondingly, when estimated with a normalized product measure of empirical distribution of epicenters and uniform time. The statistical significance of the achieved results is beyond 99% both for M8 and MSc. For magnitude 7.5 + , 10 out of 19 earthquakes were predicted by M8 in 40% and five were predicted by M8-MSc in 13% of the total volume considered. This implies a significance level of 81% for M8 and 92% for M8-MSc. The lower significance levels might result from a global change in seismic regime in 1993-1996, when the rate of the largest events has doubled and all of them become exclusively normal or reversed faults. The predictions are fully reproducible; the algorithms M8 and MSc in complete formal definitions were published before we started our experiment [Keilis-Borok, V.I., Kossobokov, V.G., 1990. Premonitory activation of seismic flow: Algorithm M8, Phys. Earth and Planet. Inter. 61, 73-83; Kossobokov, V.G., Keilis-Borok, V.I., Smith, S.W., 1990. Localization of intermediate-term earthquake prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 19763-19772; Healy, J.H., Kossobokov, V.G., Dewey, J.W., 1992. A test to evaluate the earthquake prediction algorithm, M8. U.S. Geol. Surv. OFR 92-401]. M8 is available from the IASPEI Software Library [Healy, J.H., Keilis-Borok, V.I., Lee, W.H.K. (Eds.), 1997. Algorithms for Earthquake Statistics and Prediction, Vol. 6. IASPEI Software Library]. ?? 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Autonomic Cardiovascular Control and Executive Function in Chronic Hypotension.

PubMed

Duschek, Stefan; Hoffmann, Alexandra; Reyes Del Paso, Gustavo A; Ettinger, Ulrich

2017-06-01

Chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) is characterized by complaints such as fatigue, reduced drive, dizziness, and cold limbs. Additionally, deficits in attention and memory have been observed. Autonomic dysregulation is considered to be involved in the origin of this condition. The study explored autonomic cardiovascular control in the context of higher cognitive processing (executive function) in hypotension. Hemodynamic recordings were performed in 40 hypotensive and 40 normotensive participants during execution of four classical executive function tasks (number-letter task, n-back task, continuous performance test, and flanker task). Parameters of cardiac sympathetic control, i.e., stroke volume, cardiac output, pre-ejection period, total peripheral resistance, and parasympathetic control, i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia and baroreflex sensitivity, were obtained. The hypotensive group exhibited lower stroke volume and cardiac output, as well as higher pre-ejection period and baroreflex sensitivity during task execution. Increased error rates in hypotensive individuals were observed in the n-back and flanker tasks. In the total sample, there were positive correlations of error rates with pre-ejection period, baroreflex sensitivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and negative correlations with cardiac output. Group differences in stroke volume, cardiac output, and pre-ejection period suggest diminished beta-adrenergic myocardial drive during executive function processing in hypotension, in addition to increased baroreflex function. Although further research is warranted to quantify the extent of executive function impairment in hypotension, the results from correlation analysis add evidence to the notion that higher sympathetic inotropic influences and reduced parasympathetic cardiac influences are accompanied by better cognitive performance.

Reduction of hexavalent chromium in water samples acidified for preservation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stollenwerk, K.G.; Grove, D.B.

1985-01-01

Reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in water samples, preserved by standard techniques, was investigated. The standard preservation technique for water samples that are to be analyzed for Cr(VI) consists of filtration through a 0.45-??m membrane, acidification to a pH < 2, and storage in plastic bottles. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of H+ concentration, NO2, temperature, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) increased with increasing NO2, DOC, H+, and temperature. Reduction of Cr(VI) by organic matter occurred in some samples even though the samples were unacidified. Reduction of Cr(VI) is inhibited to an extent by storing the sample at 4??C. Stability of Cr(VI) in water is variable and depends on the other constituents present in the sample. Water samples collected for the determination of Cr(VI) should be filtered (0.45-??m membrane), refrigerated, and analyzed as quickly as possible. Water samples should not be acidified. Measurement of total Cr in addition to Cr(VI) can serve as a check for Cr(VI) reduction. If total Cr is greater than Cr(VI), the possibility that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred needs to be considered.The rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) increased with increasing NO//2, DOC, H** plus , and temperature. Reduction of Cr(VI) by organic matter occurred in some samples even though the samples were unacidified. Reduction of Cr(VI) is inhibited to an extent by storing the sample at 4 degree C. Stability of Cr(VI) in water is variable and depends on the other constituents present in the sample. Water samples collected for the determination of Cr(VI) should be filtered (0. 45- mu m membrane), refrigerated, and analyzed as quickly as possible. Water samples should not be acidified. Measurement of total Cr in addition to Cr(VI) can serve as a check for Cr(VI) reduction. If total Cr is greater than Cr(VI), the possibility that Cr(VI) reduction has occurred needs to be considered.

Efficacy of a novel chelator BPCBG for removing uranium and protecting against uranium-induced renal cell damage in rats and HK-2 cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bao, Yizhong; Wang, Dan; Li, Zhiming

2013-05-15

Chelation therapy is a known effective method to increase the excretion of U(VI) from the body. Until now, no any uranium chelator has been approved for emergency medical use worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new ligand BPCBG containing two catechol groups and two aminocarboxylic acid groups in decorporation of U(VI) and protection against acute U(VI) nephrotoxicity in rats, and further explored the detoxification mechanism of BPCBG for U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in HK-2 cells with comparison to DTPA-CaNa{sub 3}. Chelating agents were administered at various times before or after injections of U(VI) in rats. The U(VI) levelsmore » in urine, kidneys and femurs were measured 24 h after U(VI) injections. Histopathological changes in the kidney and serum urea and creatinine and urine protein were examined. After treatment of U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells with chelating agent, the intracellular U(VI) contents, formation of micronuclei, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. It was found that prompt, advanced or delayed injections of BPCBG effectively increased 24 h-urinary U(VI) excretion and decreased the levels of U(VI) in kidney and bone. Meanwhile, BPCBG injection obviously reduced the severity of the U(VI)-induced histological alterations in the kidney, which was in parallel with the amelioration noted in serum indicators, urea and creatinine, and urine protein of U(VI) nephrotoxicity. In U(VI)-exposed HK-2 cells, immediate and delayed treatment with BPCBG significantly decreased the formation of micronuclei and LDH release by inhibiting the cellular U(VI) intake, promoting the intracellular U(VI) release and inhibiting the production of intracellular ROS. Our data suggest that BPCBG is a novel bi-functional U(VI) decorporation agent with a better efficacy than DTPA-CaNa{sub 3}. - Highlights: ► BPCBG accelerated the urine U(VI) excretion and reduced the tissues U(VI) in rats. ► BPCBG can effectively protect against the U(VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. ► BPCBG increased the U(VI) release and reduced the U(VI) uptake in HK-2 cells. ► BPCBG decreased the U(VI)-induced MN formation and LDH release in HK-2 cells. ► BPCBG eliminated the U(VI)-induced intracellular ROS in HK-2 cells.« less

An evaluation of population index and estimation techniques for tadpoles in desert pools

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jung, Robin E.; Dayton, Gage H.; Williamson, Stephen J.; Sauer, John R.; Droege, Sam

2002-01-01

Using visual (VI) and dip net indices (DI) and double-observer (DOE), removal (RE), and neutral red dye capture-recapture (CRE) estimates, we counted, estimated, and censused Couch's spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii) and canyon treefrog (Hyla arenicolor) tadpole populations in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Initial dye experiments helped us determine appropriate dye concentrations and exposure times to use in mesocosm and field trials. The mesocosm study revealed higher tadpole detection rates, more accurate population estimates, and lower coefficients of variation among pools compared to those from the field study. In both mesocosm and field studies, CRE was the best method for estimating tadpole populations, followed by DOE and RE. In the field, RE, DI, and VI often underestimated populations in pools with higher tadpole numbers. DI improved with increased sampling. Larger pools supported larger tadpole populations, and tadpole detection rates in general decreased with increasing pool volume and surface area. Hence, pool size influenced bias in tadpole sampling. Across all techniques, tadpole detection rates differed among pools, indicating that sampling bias was inherent and techniques did not consistently sample the same proportion of tadpoles in each pool. Estimating bias (i.e., calculating detection rates) therefore was essential in assessing tadpole abundance. Unlike VI and DOE, DI, RE, and CRE could be used in turbid waters in which tadpoles are not visible. The tadpole population estimates we used accommodated differences in detection probabilities in simple desert pool environments but may not work in more complex habitats.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mouser, Paula J.; N'Guessan, A. Lucie; Qafoku, Nikolla

The capacity for subsurface sediments to sequester metal contaminants, such as uranium (U), and retain them after bioremediation efforts are completed is critical to site stewardship. Sediments enriched in natural organic matter are capable of sequestering significant quantities of U, but may also serve as sources to the aquifer, contributing to plume persistence. Two types of sediments were compared to better understand the mechanisms contributing to the sequestration and release of U in the presence of organic matter. Artificially bioreduced sediments were retrieved from a field experimental plot previously stimulated with acetate while naturally bioreduced sediments were collected from amore » location enriched in organic matter but never subject to acetate amendment. Batch incubations demonstrated that the artificially bioreduced sediments were primed to rapidly remove uranium from the groundwater whereas naturally bioreduced sediments initially released a sizeable portion of sediment U before U(VI)-removal commenced. Column experiments confirmed that U release persisted for 65 pore volumes in naturally bioreduced sediments, demonstrating the sink-source behavior of this sediment. Acetate addition to artificially bioreduced sediments shifted the microbial community from one dominated by sulfate-reducing bacteria within Desulfobacteraceae to the iron-reducing family Geobacteraceae and Firmicutes during U(VI) reduction. In contrast, initial Geobacteraceae communities innaturally reduced sediments were replaced by clone sequences with similarity to opportunistic Pseudomonas spp. during U release, while U(VI) removal occurred concurrent with enrichment of Firmicutes. These investigations stress the importance of characterizing zones with heterogeneous carbon pools at U contaminated sites prior to the determination of a remedial strategy.« less

Uranyl nitrate hexahydrate solubility in nitric acid and its crystallization selectivity in the presence of nitrate salts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burns, Jonathan D.; Moyer, Bruce A.

The solubility of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate was determined as a function of nitric acid concentration and temperature, and the crystallization yield was calculated. Results showed an increase in crystal formation at lower initial nitric acid concentrations upon cooling a saturated solution of U(VI) from 50 °C to 2 °C, with over 70% recovery of U(VI) mass at all nitric acid concentrations and nearly quantitative recovery starting at 4 M HNO 3. A direct correlation between the change in mother liquor volume percent and U mass removal percent was observed. By reducing the cooling rate from roughly 4.0 °C/min to 0.22more » °C/min, the separation factor was increased from 3.88 to 15.7 to greater than 81 for the separation of U(VI) from Sr, Cs, and Nd. At the slower cooling rate, the separation factors were measured as a function of acidity for 2.0–4.3 M HNO 3, showing a decrease in selectivity with a decrease in the acidity. There was also no indication that tetravalent metal double-salt precipitation occurred with either Zr 4+ or Ce 4+. Here, these results indicate that a high-yield, high purity hexavalent actinide crystallization scheme may offer attractive benefits for nuclear-fuel recycle in that only a single very simple and well-understood technology is employed, and the use of organic compounds and solvents is avoided.« less

Uranyl nitrate hexahydrate solubility in nitric acid and its crystallization selectivity in the presence of nitrate salts

DOE PAGES

Burns, Jonathan D.; Moyer, Bruce A.

2017-10-23

The solubility of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate was determined as a function of nitric acid concentration and temperature, and the crystallization yield was calculated. Results showed an increase in crystal formation at lower initial nitric acid concentrations upon cooling a saturated solution of U(VI) from 50 °C to 2 °C, with over 70% recovery of U(VI) mass at all nitric acid concentrations and nearly quantitative recovery starting at 4 M HNO 3. A direct correlation between the change in mother liquor volume percent and U mass removal percent was observed. By reducing the cooling rate from roughly 4.0 °C/min to 0.22more » °C/min, the separation factor was increased from 3.88 to 15.7 to greater than 81 for the separation of U(VI) from Sr, Cs, and Nd. At the slower cooling rate, the separation factors were measured as a function of acidity for 2.0–4.3 M HNO 3, showing a decrease in selectivity with a decrease in the acidity. There was also no indication that tetravalent metal double-salt precipitation occurred with either Zr 4+ or Ce 4+. Here, these results indicate that a high-yield, high purity hexavalent actinide crystallization scheme may offer attractive benefits for nuclear-fuel recycle in that only a single very simple and well-understood technology is employed, and the use of organic compounds and solvents is avoided.« less

New generation ion-imprinted nanocarrier for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uygun, Murat; Feyzioğlu, Esra; Özçalışkan, Emir; Caka, Müşerref; Ergen, Aygen; Akgöl, Sinan; Denizli, Adil

2013-08-01

The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel ion-imprinted nanoparticle to remove Cr(VI) ions from waste water. For this, Cr(VI) ions were complexed with 2-methacryloylamido histidine (MAH) and then Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles were synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization technique. The templates, Cr(VI) ions, were removed from the nanoparticles using 0.1 M of HNO3 solution. The specific surface area of the Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles was found to be 1,397.85 m2/g, and the particle size was calculated as 155.3 nm. These Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used for the adsorption/desorption of Cr(VI) ions from its aqueous solutions. The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration and medium pH on the Cr(VI) adsorption capacity were also studied. The maximum adsorbed amount of Cr(VI) on the imprinted nanoparticles was found to be 3,830.58 mg/g nanoparticle in pH 4.0. In order to investigate the selectivity of the imprinted nanoparticle, adsorption studies were repeated using Cr(III) ions. The selectivity results demonstrated that Cr(VI)-imprinted poly(HEMAH) nanoparticles showed high affinity for the Cr(VI) ions than Cr(III). The Cr(VI)-imprinted nanoparticles were used several times without decreasing their Cr(VI) adsorption capacities.

Space station human productivity study. Volume 5: Management plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The 67 Management Plans represent recommended study approaches for resolving 108 of the 305 Issues which were identified. Each study Management Plan is prepared in three formats: Management Plan Overview (lists the subsumed Issues, study background, and related overview information); Study Plan (details the study approach by tasks, lists special needs, and describes expected study products); Schedule-Task Flow (provides a time-lined schedule for the study tasks and resource requirements). The Management Relationships Matrix, included in this volume, shows the data input-output relationships among all recommended studies. A listing is also included which cross-references the unresolved requirements to Issues to management plans. A glossary of all abbreviations utilized is provided.

Sex-related differences on a task of volume and density

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howe, Ann C.; Shayer, Michael

A sex-related difference, favoring boys, was found on initial performance of two samples (one British, one American) of 10- and 11-year-old children on a task of volume and density. After a period of classroom instruction that included opportunities for children to interact with appropriate materials and each other, both boys and girls performed at a higher level on the task, but the difference between them remained the same. There was no indication of a sex-related difference other than a time lag, in pattern of development of the concept. The question of why there is a sex-related difference, which persists in spite of experience and instruction, is discussed.

1. COMPARISON OF PLANS, SHOWING KONGENSGADE 6 (see photograph VI50 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. COMPARISON OF PLANS, SHOWING KONGENSGADE 6 (see photograph VI-50 50-2 for elevation), KONGENSGADE 8 (see photograph VI-50-3 for elevation), KONGENSGADE 9 (see photograph VI-50-3 for elevation), KONGENSGADE 17 (see photograph VI-50-5 for elevation), KONGENSGADE 56 (see photograph VI-50-8 for elevation), & KONGENSGADE 57 (see photograph VI-50-9 for elevation) - King Street Area Study, Kongensgade 5-18, 36, 37B, 51-58 (Houses), 5-18, 36-37B, 51-58 King Street, Frederiksted, St. Croix, VI

Effect of phosphate on U(VI) sorption to montmorillonite: Ternary complexation and precipitation barriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troyer, Lyndsay D.; Maillot, Fabien; Wang, Zheming; Wang, Zimeng; Mehta, Vrajesh S.; Giammar, Daniel E.; Catalano, Jeffrey G.

2016-02-01

Phosphate addition is a potential treatment method to lower the solubility of U(VI) in soil and groundwater systems by causing U(VI) phosphate precipitation as well as enhancing adsorption. Previous work has shown that iron oxide surfaces may facilitate the nucleation of U(VI) phosphate minerals and, that under weakly acidic conditions, phosphate also enhances U(VI) adsorption to such phases. Like iron oxides, clays are important reactive phases in the subsurface but little is known about the interaction of U(VI) and phosphate with these minerals. The effect of aqueous phosphate on U(VI) binding to Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2) in air-equilibrated systems was investigated. Equilibrium U(VI) uptake to montmorillonite was determined at pH 4, 6 and 8 at discrete initial phosphate concentrations between 0 and 100 μM. The observed behavior of U(VI) indicates a transition from adsorption to precipitation with increasing total uranium and phosphate concentrations at all pH values. At the highest phosphate concentration examined at each pH value, a barrier to U(VI) phosphate nucleation is observed. At lower concentrations, phosphate has no effect on macroscopic U(VI) adsorption. To assess the mechanisms of U(VI)-phosphate interactions on smectite surfaces, U(VI) speciation was investigated under selected conditions using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Samples above the precipitation threshold display EXAFS and LIFS spectral signatures consistent with the autunite family of U(VI) phosphate minerals. However, at lower U(VI) concentrations, changes in LIFS spectra upon phosphate addition suggest that U(VI)-phosphate ternary surface complexes form on the montmorillonite surface at pH 4 and 6 despite the lack of a macroscopic effect on adsorption. The speciation of solid-associated U(VI) below the precipitation threshold at pH 8 is dominated by U(VI)-carbonate surface complexes. This work reveals that ternary complexation may occur without a macroscopic signature, which is attributed to phosphate not appreciably binding to smectite in the absence of U(VI), with U(VI) surface complexes serving as the sole reactive surface sites for phosphate. This study shows that phosphate does not enhance U(VI) adsorption to smectite clay minerals, unlike oxide phases, and that a barrier to homogeneous nucleation of U(VI) phosphates was not affected by the presence of the smectite surface.

Applications of Task-Based Learning in TESOL

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shehadeh, Ali, Ed.; Coombe, Christine, Ed.

2010-01-01

Why are many teachers around the world moving toward task-based learning (TBL)? This shift is based on the strong belief that TBL facilitates second language acquisition and makes second language learning and teaching more principled and effective. Based on insights gained from using tasks as research tools, this volume shows how teachers can use…

Autonomic Correlates of Speech versus Nonspeech Tasks in Children and Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Hayley S.; MacPherson, Megan K.; Smith, Anne

2014-01-01

Purpose: To assess autonomic arousal associated with speech and nonspeech tasks in school-age children and young adults. Method: Measures of autonomic arousal (electrodermal level, electrodermal response amplitude, blood pulse volume, and heart rate) were recorded prior to, during, and after the performance of speech and nonspeech tasks by twenty…

Convergence, Competition, Cooperation: The Report of the Governor's Blue Ribbon Telecommunications Infrastructure Task Force. Volume One.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin Governor's Office, Madison.

This report by the Blue Ribbon Task Force on Wisconsin's Telecommunications Infrastructure considers infrastructure to be the common network that connects individual residences, businesses, and agencies, rather than the individual systems and equipment themselves. The task force recognizes that advances in telecommunications technologies and…

Anterior Temporal Lobe Morphometry Predicts Categorization Ability.

PubMed

Garcin, Béatrice; Urbanski, Marika; Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel; Levy, Richard; Volle, Emmanuelle

2018-01-01

Categorization is the mental operation by which the brain classifies objects and events. It is classically assessed using semantic and non-semantic matching or sorting tasks. These tasks show a high variability in performance across healthy controls and the cerebral bases supporting this variability remain unknown. In this study we performed a voxel-based morphometry study to explore the relationships between semantic and shape categorization tasks and brain morphometric differences in 50 controls. We found significant correlation between categorization performance and the volume of the gray matter in the right anterior middle and inferior temporal gyri. Semantic categorization tasks were associated with more rostral temporal regions than shape categorization tasks. A significant relationship was also shown between white matter volume in the right temporal lobe and performance in the semantic tasks. Tractography revealed that this white matter region involved several projection and association fibers, including the arcuate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These results suggest that categorization abilities are supported by the anterior portion of the right temporal lobe and its interaction with other areas.

Review of Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) Schools. Volume II: Quantitative Analysis of Educational Quality. IDA Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Lowell Bruce; Bracken, Jerome; Bracken, Marilyn C.

This volume compiles, and presents in integrated form, the Institute for Defense Analyses' (IDA) quantitative analysis of educational quality provided by the Department of Defense's dependent schools. It covers the quantitative aspects of volume 1 in greater detail and presents some analyses deemed too technical for that volume. The first task in…

A Conceptual and Analytical Study of the Utility of Speed in Naval Operations. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

Course 40 ; -30 I .20 Wn~ porn Rangi - 0 1Iwm 10 I i 0 2 𔃻 Purtmer to PurotiO• .J1r.1id R, Ito VI-13 Figure V1-3 Aotual Capture Distance Versau... onion han been do 71nod a rd pro rtinmiror wiacrvhy ai col1 ct. nt of c-ommoclIt ioe mo L. hr moved t VIII1-14 -1 7 bet w’c’n I~wo pr), nt ii wit hin

A Structural Weight Estimation Program (SWEEP) for Aircraft. Volume VI - Wing and Empennage Module. Appendix E: Program Listings, Overlays (8,0), (14, 0), (15,0), (16,0), and (17,0)

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-01

TCUTII70 00 1» ■•I.11 TtMTIlM lltOil-»! • MILK .1󈨋 TtUTIlM ir ii - WISH i».IM.i;i nuiino IK l • H . 1 TWTltlt ITCOIKIll • OAlLKIll... rvf I161- nriiTi- nrm» tvrut» tvri»7i- Tvriaai nriTii tvriw nrisji- rvrivii- rvriHSi- rvrisei- . vro vro ttu »rsoi mi 001 I«p

Multicolor CCD Photometry of the Open Cluster IC361

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

journal Volume 19 Numbers 1/2 2010 Contents V. Straizys, A. Kazlauskas. Young stars in the Camelopardalis dust and molecular clouds. VI. YSOs...Vilnius + I system for 7250 stars down to 1= 19.6 mag has been obtained in the 20’ x 26’ field of the open cluster IC 361 in Camelopardalis . The catalog...1= 19.6 mag has been obtained in the 20’ x 26’ field of the open cluster IC 361 in Camelopardalis . The catalog of 1420 stars down to V ~ 18.5 mag

The U.S. Coast Guard and Joint Operations. Joint Center for Operational Analysis and Lessons Learned: Volume VI, Issue 4, September 2004

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

contributions during combat operations in Iraq. Vice Admiral Timothy J. Keating , U.S. Navy, then commander of the U.S. Fifth Fleet and Naval Forces...Admiral Keating described the boat crews as having been the “first line of defense” for coalition naval forces during the amphibious assault of Iraq’s Al...illegally. This law- enforcement presence to preserve maritime security in the 3.4-million-square-mile American exclusive economic zone also led to the

Blast Transport of Debris from Scale Model Buildings, Volume I - Chapters 1 through 5,

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-18

Laboratories, Inc. Whippany, New Jersey 07981 I . CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Director 18 January 1979 Defense Nuclear Agency 3...NUMBER OF PAGES Washington, D.C. 20305 178 14 MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(if different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS (of ths report...FRONT (2 BLDGS) I I SIDES (2 BLOCS) I I BACK (2 BLDGS) I I ROOF w I ROOF 0 Ii FRONT (28LDGS) VI I SIDES (2 BLDCS ) (2 BLOS 1 ROOF 1 OOi FRONT (2

Engineering and Environmental Study of DDT Contamination of Huntsville Spring Branch, Indian Creek, and Adjacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama. Volume 2. Appendices I-III.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

other shrubs and trees may be common or even dense. These include sweetqum, smooth sumac, and vines . The latter younger forests provide moderate...species of trees, (Appendix VI). They are dominated by green ash, red maple, blue beech, American elm and hackberry. Ground and shrub cover is sparse, and...Hrwo wm largest circumference at breast height being measured at 96.5 inches. Shrubs consist of occasional buttonbush and swamip rose (Rosa

Archaeological Investigations at the San Gabriel Reservoir Districts Central Texas. Volume I.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

277 14.6 Pecked and Ground Stone, Hammerstones and Cores - Duane Peter and Marie-Anne Demuynck 14-299 14.7 Bone Artifacts - Bonnie C. Yates 14-335 VI...10 Stone Tools: Burins and Composite Tools 5-34 5.3-11 Stone Tools: Retouched Pieces 5-38 5.3-12 Stone Tools: Retouched Pieces 5-40 5.3-13 Stone Tools...12-142 12.21-4 Feature 4 in BHT 9 showing the distribution of in situ components 12-145 12.21-5 Comparison of General Artifact Composition of Feature

A Study of Strategic Lessons Learned in Vietnam. Volume VI. Conduct of the War. Book I. Operational Analyses

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-09

1970 furnishes an excellent example of the use of * all-source intelligence and exemplary detailed planning and execution of a hazardous mission; it...firepower and attrition; the " meat grinder" phase. The problem then facing the USG was how to get out of a protracted, costly, limited war with "face...and expendible manpower of China was severely attr’ited by the " meat grinder" battles in Korea.25/ 3-25 THE BDM CORPORATION In the early days of the

Manufacturing Methods and Technology (MANTECH) Program. Quality Control and Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Composites. Part VI. Acoustic Emission - A State-of-the-Art Review.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-05-01

SALPE Technical Conference Series, Volume 4. Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering, Azusa, California. 1972. conference held...dispersion of the stress waves, and scattering from "obstacles" encountered in the line of travel of the wave. Geometric spreading is the loss in signal...amplitude due to the fact that, as the wave travels away from the point AE source in a two- I or three-dimensional medium, the total area of material

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. Time-Dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics Workshop, Brian Head, Utah, March 13-17, 1999. Volume 103, Number 47

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-11-25

reactions the situation is more complicated since many of the modes are in the process of changing from free rotors to nearly harmonic bending motions ...are dihedral angles between the CH3 planes and the CC axis (see text). Heavy solid contours denote repulsive regions ( energies higher than that of...while vi is the source term describing the rate of formation of ethane in energy state i from the free methyl radicals. The effective bimolecular

Opportunities for increasing natural gas production in the near term. Volume VI. The East Cameron Block 271 Field. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1978-02-01

This report examines the potential for increasing the rate of production of natural gas from the East Cameron Block 271 Field in the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf. Proved reserves are estimated using all available reservoir data, including well logs and pressure tests, and cost parameters typical in the area. Alternative schedules for future production are devised, and net present values calculated from which the maximum production rate that also maximizes net present value is determined.

Medical Entomolgy Studies - VI. A Revision of the Subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the Genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae) (Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. Volume 13, Number 4)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

Langat ; Ampang, F. R., Bt. Ulu Bakau; Kg. Tanjong Robok; Bt. Kutu; SeZangor- IWzang: The Gap; Rzhang: Gunong Benom; Cameron Highlands; Perak: Kg...larval and pupal skins (0643/3) and slide of genitalia (CT 582), Ulu Langat , Sekrngor, Maluya [ MALAYSIA], 10 May 1958 (ANIC). DISTRIBUTION...Selnngor: Ulu Langat (type-locality); Ulu Gombak; The Gap; Ulu Klang; Ampang F. R. Pahang: Bentong Rd. ; Gunong Benom; Sungai Temau; Kelantan: Bert

Medical Entomology Studies - VI. A Revision of the Subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the Genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae) (Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, Volume 13, Number 4, 1977)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

Langat ; Ampang, F. R., Bt. Ulu Bakau; Kg. Tanjong Robok; Bt. Kutu; SeZangor- IWzang: The Gap; Rzhang: Gunong Benom; Cameron Highlands; Perak: Kg...larval and pupal skins (0643/3) and slide of genitalia (CT 582), Ulu Langat , Sekrngor, Maluya [ MALAYSIA], 10 May 1958 (ANIC). DISTRIBUTION...Selnngor: Ulu Langat (type-locality); Ulu Gombak; The Gap; Ulu Klang; Ampang F. R. Pahang: Bentong Rd. ; Gunong Benom; Sungai Temau; Kelantan: Bert

Biennial Guidance Test Symposium (16th) Held in Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico on October 5-7, 1993. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-01

Michael Swamp, Contraves Inc., Pittsburgh PA; Dr. Michael D. Hooser, CIGTF, Holloman AFB NM Hig h Stability Large Centrifuge Test Bed 305 Dr. Louis A...DeMore, Robert Anticole, and Hans Riggenbach, Contraves Inc, Pittsburgh PA; Dr. Michael D. Hooser, CIGTF, Holloman AFB NM vi SESSION V-A: WEAPONS...power spectral density of input are also frozen out, allowing very low loss referred noise) of 10’ HzŖ below 100 Hz. springs. The input coils are

ONR Far East Scientific Bulletin. Volume 13, Number 2, April - June 1988

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

Low Temperature Physics and the Yamada Conference XVIII on Superconductivity in H ighly Correlated Ferm ion Systems...Br I ,--. UBIC Ag Cd In Sri Sb TellI CRYSTfl Au H I ,. -L ------- I. AMONl Z INCBI-ENDE CJIA LCOPYR I TI IU--LU Ill U, I 1--U! I I IU-U 2 , I- IlI-UI...2-0 3.0 4.0 ENERGY GAPEg (eV) Figure 5. Lattice constant - Bandgap diagram for the Il-VI compounds and their derivatives (courtesy of H . Kukimoto

Basal Forebrain Atrophy Contributes to Allocentric Navigation Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

PubMed Central

Kerbler, Georg M.; Nedelska, Zuzana; Fripp, Jurgen; Laczó, Jan; Vyhnalek, Martin; Lisý, Jiří; Hamlin, Adam S.; Rose, Stephen; Hort, Jakub; Coulson, Elizabeth J.

2015-01-01

The basal forebrain degenerates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and this process is believed to contribute to the cognitive decline observed in AD patients. Impairment in spatial navigation is an early feature of the disease but whether basal forebrain dysfunction in AD is responsible for the impaired navigation skills of AD patients is not known. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between basal forebrain volume and performance in real space as well as computer-based navigation paradigms in an elderly cohort comprising cognitively normal controls, subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and those with AD. We also tested whether basal forebrain volume could predict the participants’ ability to perform allocentric- vs. egocentric-based navigation tasks. The basal forebrain volume was calculated from 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and navigation skills were assessed using the human analog of the Morris water maze employing allocentric, egocentric, and mixed allo/egocentric real space as well as computerized tests. When considering the entire sample, we found that basal forebrain volume correlated with spatial accuracy in allocentric (cued) and mixed allo/egocentric navigation tasks but not the egocentric (uncued) task, demonstrating an important role of the basal forebrain in mediating cue-based spatial navigation capacity. Regression analysis revealed that, although hippocampal volume reflected navigation performance across the entire sample, basal forebrain volume contributed to mixed allo/egocentric navigation performance in the AD group, whereas hippocampal volume did not. This suggests that atrophy of the basal forebrain contributes to aspects of navigation impairment in AD that are independent of hippocampal atrophy. PMID:26441643

Automation Applications in an Advanced Air Traffic Management System : Volume 5B. DELTA Simulation Model - Programmer's Guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 5 describes the DELTA Simulation Model. It includes all documentation of the DELTA (Determine Effective Levels of Task Automation) computer simulation developed by TRW for use in the Automation Applications Study. Volume 5A includes a user's m...

Mechanisms of chromium (VI)-induced apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells.

PubMed

Quinteros, Fernanda A; Machiavelli, Leticia I; Miler, Eliana A; Cabilla, Jimena P; Duvilanski, Beatriz H

2008-07-30

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a highly toxic metal. Exposure to Cr (VI) compounds may affect reproductive functions. Due to the importance of anterior pituitary hormones on reproductive physiology we have studied the effects of Cr (VI) on anterior pituitary. We previously demonstrated that, after in vivo Cr (VI) administration, Cr accumulates in the pituitary gland and affects prolactin secretion. In vitro, Cr (VI) causes apoptosis in anterior pituitary cells due to oxidative stress generation. To better understand the mechanisms involved in Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis we studied: (a) whether Cr (VI) affects the intracellular antioxidant response and (b) which of the apoptotic factors participates in Cr (VI) effect. Our results show that Cr (VI) treatment induces a decrease in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity but does not modify glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Cr (VI) exposure causes an increase of GSH levels. p53 and Bax mRNA are also upregulated by the metal. Pifithrin alpha, a p53 transcriptional inhibitor, increases Cr (VI) cytotoxicity, suggesting a role of p53 as a survival molecule. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) could prevent Bax mRNA increase and caspase 3 activation, confirming that Cr (VI)-induced apoptosis involves oxidative stress generation.

Effects of Simulated Surface Effect Ship Motions on Crew Habitability. Phase II. Volume 3. Visual-Motor Tasks and Subjective Evaluations

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-05-01

simulated rmotions ; and detaiJl.s on the daily work/rest schedule, as well as the overall run ,schedule (Ref.20). * Volume 4, "Crew Cognitive Functions...the outset: 1) the very small sampling of well- motivated crewmen made it difficult to generalize the results to a wider population; and 2) the...a:; backups. Selection of primary crewmen was based on satisfactory task learning and motivation demonstrated during the training period, any minor

Mechanisms of uranium interactions with hydroxyapatite: Implications for groundwater remediation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fuller, C.C.; Bargar, J.R.; Davis, J.A.; Piana, M.J.

2002-01-01

The speciation of U(VI) sorbed to synthetic hydroxyapatite was investigated using a combination of U LIII-edge XAS, synchrotron XRD, batch uptake measurements, and SEM-EDS. The mechanisms of U(VI) removal by apatite were determined in order to evaluate the feasibility of apatitebased in-situ permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). In batch U(VI) uptake experiments with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), near complete removal of dissolved uranium (>99.5%) to <0.05 ??M was observed over a range of total U(VI) concentrations up to equimolar of the total P in the suspension. XRD and XAS analyses of U(VI)-reacted HA at sorbed concentrations ???4700 ppm U(VI) suggested that uranium(VI) phosphate, hydroxide, and carbonate solids were not present at these concentrations. Fits to EXAFS spectra indicate the presence of Ca neighbors at 3.81 A??. U-Ca separation, suggesting that U(VI) adsorbs to the HA surfaces as an inner-sphere complex. Uranium(VI) phosphate solid phases were not detected in HA with 4700 ppm sorbed U(VI) by backscatter SEM or EDS, in agreement with the surface complexation process. In contrast, U(VI) speciation in samples that exceeded 7000 ppm sorbed U(VI) included a crystalline uranium(VI) phosphate solid phase, identified as chernikovite by XRD. At these higher concentrations, a secondary, uranium(VI) phosphate solid was detected by SEM-EDS, consistent with chernikovite precipitation. Autunite formation occurred at total U:P molar ratios ???0.2. Our findings provide a basis for evaluating U(VI) sorption mechanisms by commercially available natural apatites for use in development of PRBs for groundwater U(VI) remediation.

Clinical and serological responses following primary and booster immunization with Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccines.

PubMed

Keitel, W A; Bond, N L; Zahradnik, J M; Cramton, T A; Robbins, J B

1994-01-01

Clinical and serum antibody responses following intramuscular injection of two formulations of Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) were assessed in a double-blind evaluation. Healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive a 25 micrograms dose of liquid (Vi-Liq; n = 182) or freeze-dried Vi vaccine (Vi-Lyoph; n = 55), or placebo (n = 86). Erythema and/or induration > or = 1 cm in diameter at the injection site developed in 13/182 (7%) of Vi-Liq and 3/55 (5%) of Vi-Lyoph recipients (not significant, n.s.). Fever (oral temperature > or = 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C)) occurred in < 2% of vaccinees. The frequencies of rises of fourfold or greater and of maximal Vi antibody levels were similar in the two vaccine groups. Fourfold or greater rises in serum Vi antibody levels (RIA) developed in 53% of Vi-Lyoph and 60% of Vi-Liq recipients by 1 week (n.s.), and 98 and 93%, respectively, by 1 month (n.s.). The frequencies of adverse reactions and mean Vi antibody levels following booster immunization with Vi-Liq 27 to 34 months after primary immunization (n = 55) were similar to those observed following primary immunization, although subjects given a booster dose were more likely to develop local reactions > or = 1 cm in diameter than those given a first dose (10/55 versus 13/182, p = 0.013 by the chi 2 test). Primary and booster immunizations with the Vi vaccines are well tolerated in healthy adults; mean Vi antibody levels remain significantly elevated for up to 34 months after primary immunization.

GIS and Transportation Planning

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-09-16

Two main objectives of transportation planning are to simulate the current : traffic volume and to forecast the future traffic volume on a transportation : network. Traffic demand modeling typically consists of the following : tasks (1)defining traff...

On 3-D inelastic analysis methods for hot section components. Volume 1: Special finite element models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nakazawa, S.

1987-01-01

This Annual Status Report presents the results of work performed during the third year of the 3-D Inelastic Analysis Methods for Hot Section Components program (NASA Contract NAS3-23697). The objective of the program is to produce a series of new computer codes that permit more accurate and efficient three-dimensional analysis of selected hot section components, i.e., combustor liners, turbine blades, and turbine vanes. The computer codes embody a progression of mathematical models and are streamlined to take advantage of geometrical features, loading conditions, and forms of material response that distinguish each group of selected components. This report is presented in two volumes. Volume 1 describes effort performed under Task 4B, Special Finite Element Special Function Models, while Volume 2 concentrates on Task 4C, Advanced Special Functions Models.

Clinical response to Vim's thalamic stereotactic radiosurgery for essential tremor is associated with distinctive functional connectivity patterns.

PubMed

Tuleasca, Constantin; Najdenovska, Elena; Régis, Jean; Witjas, Tatiana; Girard, Nadine; Champoudry, Jérôme; Faouzi, Mohamed; Thiran, Jean-Philippe; Cuadra, Meritxell Bach; Levivier, Marc; Van De Ville, Dimitri

2018-03-01

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common movement disorder. Drug-resistant ET can benefit from standard surgical stereotactic procedures (deep brain stimulation, thalamotomy) or minimally invasive high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy (SRS-T). Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is a non-invasive imaging method acquired in absence of a task. We examined whether rs-fMRI correlates with tremor score on the treated hand (TSTH) improvement 1 year after SRS-T. We included 17 consecutive patients treated with left unilateral SRS-T in Marseille, France. Tremor score evaluation and rs-fMRI were acquired at baseline and 1 year after SRS-T. Resting-state data (34 scans) were analyzed without a priori hypothesis, in Lausanne, Switzerland. Based on degree of improvement in TSTH, to consider SRS-T at least as effective as medication, we separated two groups: 1, ≤ 50% (n = 6, 35.3%); 2, > 50% (n = 11, 64.7%). They did not differ statistically by age (p = 0.86), duration of symptoms (p = 0.41), or lesion volume at 1 year (p = 0.06). We report TSTH improvement correlated with interconnectivity strength between salience network with the left claustrum and putamen, as well as between bilateral motor cortices, frontal eye fields and left cerebellum lobule VI with right visual association area (the former also with lesion volume). Longitudinal changes showed additional associations in interconnectivity strength between right dorsal attention network with ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex and a reminiscent salience network with fusiform gyrus. Brain connectivity measured by resting-state fMRI relates to clinical response after SRS-T. Relevant networks are visual, motor, and attention. Interconnectivity between visual and motor areas is a novel finding, revealing implication in movement sensory guidance.

Utilization of modified corn silk as a biosorbent for solid-phase extraction of Cr(III) and chromium speciation.

PubMed

Yu, Hongmei; Pang, Jing; Wu, Mei; Wu, Qiaoli; Huo, Cuixiu

2014-01-01

The ues of corn silk modified with diluted nitric acid (HNO3-MCS) as a novel biosorbent has been established for solid-phase extraction of Cr(III) and chromium speciation in water samples. The functional groups of the HNO3-MCS surface are favorable for the adsorption of Cr(III). Effective extraction conditions were optimized in both batch and column methods. At pH 3.0 - 6.0, a discrimination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) is achieved on the HNO3-MCS surface. Cr(III) ions are retained onto the HNO3-MCS surface, however, the adsorption of Cr(VI) is negligible under the same conditions. The adsorption isotherm of HNO3-MCS for Cr(III) has been demonstrated in accordance with a linear form of the Langmuir equation, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 35.21 mg g(-1). The well fitted linear regression of the pseudo-second order model showed the indication of a chemisorption mechanism for the entire concentration range. Thermodynamic studies have shown that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorbed Cr(III) was quantitatively eluted by a nitric acid solution with detection by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). With a sample volume of 30 mL, a detection limit (3σ) of 0.85 μg L(-1) and a precision of 2.0% RSD at the 40 μg L(-1) level were achieved. The concentration of Cr(III) could be accurately quantified within a linear range of 3 - 200 μg L(-1). After Cr(VI) has been reduced to Cr(III) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, the total amount of chromium was obtained, and the content of Cr(VI) was given by subtraction. The procedure was validated by analyzing chromium in a certified reference material (GBW (E) 080039). It was also successfully applied for the speciation of chromium in wastewater samples.

High altitude pulmonary edema and exercise at 4,400 meters on Mount McKinley. Effect of expiratory positive airway pressure.

PubMed

Schoene, R B; Roach, R C; Hackett, P H; Harrison, G; Mills, W J

1985-03-01

Breathing against positive expiratory pressure has been used to improve gas exchange in many forms of pulmonary edema, and forced expiration against resistance during exercise has been advocated for climbing at high altitude as a method to optimize performance. To evaluate the effect of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) on climbers with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and on exercise at high altitude, we studied four climbers with HAPE at rest and 13 healthy climbers during exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 4400 m. We measured minute ventilation (VI, L/min), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 percent), end-tidal carbon dioxide (PACO2, mm Hg), respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) during the last minute of a five minute interval at rest in the climbers with HAPE, and at rest, 300, and 600 kpm/minute workloads on a bicycle ergometer in the healthy subjects. The HAPE subjects demonstrated an increased SaO2 percent, no change in HR or VI, and a decrease in RR on EPAP as compared to control. In normal subjects, SaO2 percent, VI, and heart rate were significantly higher on EPAP 10 cm H2O than 0 cm H2O control (p less than 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). The RR and PaCO2 were not significantly different. In summary, EPAP improves gas exchange in HAPE subjects at rest. The EPAP in normal subjects at high altitude resulted in a higher SaO2 percent at the expense of a higher VI and higher HR. These results suggest that the work of breathing is higher and the stroke volume lower on EPAP. The positive pressure mask may be an effective temporizing measure for victims of HAPE who cannot immediately go to a lower altitude.

AL(0) in municipal waste incinerator ash

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stipp, S. L.; Ronsbo, J. G.; Zunic, T. B.; Christensen, T. H.

2003-04-01

Disposal of municipal waste is a challenge to society. Waste volume is substantially decreased by incineration but residual ash usually contains a number of toxic components which must be immobilised to insure environmental protection. One element, chromium, is mobile and toxic in its oxidised state as Cr(VI) but it can be reduced to Cr(III) and immobilised. Reduction can be promoted by ash treatment with Fe(0) or Fe(II), but recent evidence shows that at least some Cr(VI) is reduced spontaneously in the ash. Aspects of ash behaviour suggest metallic aluminium as the reducing agent, but no direct evidence of Al(0) has been found until now. We examined filter ash from an energy-producing, municipal-waste incinerator (Vest-forbrænding) near Copenhagen. X-ray diffraction (XRD) identified expected salts of Na, K and Ca such as halite, sylvite, calcite, anhydrite and gypsum as well as quartz, feldspar and some hematite. Wave-dispersive electron microprobe produced elemen-tal maps of the ash; Al-rich areas were analysed quantitatively by comparison with standards. We identified metallic Al particles, averaging 50 to 100 micrometers in di-ameter, often with a fractured, glassy border of aluminum oxide. The particles were porous, explaining fast Cr(VI) reduction and they contained thin exsolution lamellae of Al-alloys of Pb and Cu or Mn, Fe and Ag, which provide clues of the Al(0) origin in the waste. Sometimes Al(0) occurred inside glassy globes of Al2O3. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that surface Al concentrations on ash particles were below detection, confirming reactivity of the Al(0) bulk. The persistence of reduced Al through the highly oxidising combustion procedure comes as a surprise and is a benefit in the immobilisation of Cr(VI) from municipal-waste incineration residues.

Quantifying Cr(VI) Production and Export from Serpentine Soil of the California Coast Range

DOE PAGES

McClain, Cynthia N.; Fendorf, Scott; Webb, Samuel M.; ...

2016-11-22

Here, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is generated in serpentine soils and exported to surface and groundwaters at levels above health-based drinking water standards. Although Cr(VI) concentrations are elevated in serpentine soil pore water, few studies have reported field evidence documenting Cr(VI) production rates and fluxes that govern Cr(VI) transport from soil to water sources. We report Cr speciation (i) in four serpentine soil depth profiles derived from the California Coast Range serpentinite belt and (ii) in local surface waters. Within soils, we detected Cr(VI) in the same horizons where Cr(III)-minerals are colocated with biogenic Mn(III/IV)-oxides, suggesting Cr(VI) generation through oxidation bymore » Mn-oxides. Water-extractable Cr(VI) concentrations increase with depth constituting a 7.8 to 12 kg/km 2 reservoir of Cr(VI) in soil. Here, Cr(VI) is produced at a rate of 0.3 to 4.8 kg Cr(VI)/km 2/yr and subsequently flushed from soil during water infiltration, exporting 0.01 to 3.9 kg Cr(VI)/km 2/yr at concentrations ranging from 25 to 172 μg/L. Although soil-derived Cr(VI) is leached from soil at concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L, due to reduction and dilution during transport to streams, Cr(VI) levels measured in local surface waters largely remain below California’s drinking water limit.« less

Quantifying Cr(VI) Production and Export from Serpentine Soil of the California Coast Range.

PubMed

McClain, Cynthia N; Fendorf, Scott; Webb, Samuel M; Maher, Kate

2017-01-03

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is generated in serpentine soils and exported to surface and groundwaters at levels above health-based drinking water standards. Although Cr(VI) concentrations are elevated in serpentine soil pore water, few studies have reported field evidence documenting Cr(VI) production rates and fluxes that govern Cr(VI) transport from soil to water sources. We report Cr speciation (i) in four serpentine soil depth profiles derived from the California Coast Range serpentinite belt and (ii) in local surface waters. Within soils, we detected Cr(VI) in the same horizons where Cr(III)-minerals are colocated with biogenic Mn(III/IV)-oxides, suggesting Cr(VI) generation through oxidation by Mn-oxides. Water-extractable Cr(VI) concentrations increase with depth constituting a 7.8 to 12 kg/km 2 reservoir of Cr(VI) in soil. Here, Cr(VI) is produced at a rate of 0.3 to 4.8 kg Cr(VI)/km 2 /yr and subsequently flushed from soil during water infiltration, exporting 0.01 to 3.9 kg Cr(VI)/km 2 /yr at concentrations ranging from 25 to 172 μg/L. Although soil-derived Cr(VI) is leached from soil at concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L, due to reduction and dilution during transport to streams, Cr(VI) levels measured in local surface waters largely remain below California's drinking water limit.

Contribution of extracellular polymeric substances from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms to U(VI) immobilization.

PubMed

Cao, Bin; Ahmed, Bulbul; Kennedy, David W; Wang, Zheming; Shi, Liang; Marshall, Matthew J; Fredrickson, Jim K; Isern, Nancy G; Majors, Paul D; Beyenal, Haluk

2011-07-01

The goal of this study was to quantify the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to U(VI) immobilization by Shewanella sp. HRCR-1. Through comparison of U(VI) immobilization using cells with bound EPS (bEPS) and cells with minimal EPS, we show that (i) bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms contribute significantly to U(VI) immobilization, especially at low initial U(VI) concentrations, through both sorption and reduction; (ii) bEPS can be considered a functional extension of the cells for U(VI) immobilization and they likely play more important roles at lower initial U(VI) concentrations; and (iii) the U(VI) reduction efficiency is dependent upon the initial U(VI) concentration and decreases at lower concentrations. To quantify the relative contributions of sorption and reduction to U(VI) immobilization by EPS fractions, we isolated loosely associated EPS (laEPS) and bEPS from Shewanella sp. HRCR-1 biofilms grown in a hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor and tested their reactivity with U(VI). We found that, when reduced, the isolated cell-free EPS fractions could reduce U(VI). Polysaccharides in the EPS likely contributed to U(VI) sorption and dominated the reactivity of laEPS, while redox active components (e.g., outer membrane c-type cytochromes), especially in bEPS, possibly facilitated U(VI) reduction.

Factors Affecting Formation of Incomplete Vi Antibody in Mice

PubMed Central

Gaines, Sidney; Currie, Julius A.; Tully, Joseph G.

1965-01-01

Gaines, Sidney (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Julius A. Currie, and Joseph G. Tully. Factors affecting formation of incomplete Vi antibody in mice. J. Bacteriol. 90:635–642. 1965.—Single immunizing doses of purified Vi antigen elicited complete and incomplete Vi antibodies in BALB/c mice, but only incomplete antibody in Cinnamon mice. Three of six other mouse strains tested responded like BALB/c mice; the remaining three, like Cinnamon mice. Varying the quantity of antigen injected or the route of administration failed to stimulate the production of detectable complete Vi antibody in Cinnamon mice. Such antibody was evoked in these animals by multiple injections of Vi antigen or by inoculating them with Vi-containing bacilli or Vi-coated erythrocytes. The early protection afforded by serum from Vi-immunized BALB/c mice coincided with the appearance of incomplete Vi antibody, 1 day prior to the advent of complete antibody. Persistence of incomplete as well as complete antibody in the serum of immunized mice was demonstrated for at least 56 days after injection of 10 μg of Vi antigen. Incomplete Vi antibody was shown to have blocking ability, in vitro bactericidal activity, and the capability of protecting mice against intracerebral as well as intraperitoneal challenge with virulent typhoid bacilli. Production of incomplete and complete Vi antibodies was adversely affected by immunization with partially depolymerized Vi antigens. PMID:16562060

Roles of the Declive, Folium, and Tuber Cerebellar Vermian Lobules in Sportspeople

PubMed Central

Park, In Sung; Lee, Nam Joon

2018-01-01

The cerebellum plays vital roles in balance control and motor learning, including in saccadic adaptation and coordination. It consists of the vermis and two hemispheres and is anatomically separated into ten lobules that are designated as I–X. Although neuroimaging and clinical studies suggest that functions are compartmentalized within the cerebellum, the function of each cerebellar lobule is not fully understood. Electrophysiological and lesion studies in animals as well as neuroimaging and lesion studies in humans have revealed that vermian lobules VI and VII (declive, folium, and tuber) are critical for controlling postural balance, saccadic eye movements, and coordination. In addition, recent structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that these lobules are larger in elite basketball and short-track speed skaters. Furthermore, in female short-track speed skaters, the volume of this region is significantly correlated with static balance. This article reviews the function of vermian lobules VI and VII, focusing on the control of balance, eye movements, and coordination including coordination between the eyes and hands and bimanual coordination. PMID:29141275