34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Loan Cancellation § 674.55 Teacher... other nonprofit elementary or secondary school; (ii) An institution of higher education; or (iii) An... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Teacher cancellation-Defense loans. 674.55 Section 674...

34 CFR 682.216 - Teacher loan forgiveness program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... serves low-income families as a full-time teacher for five consecutive complete academic years. The... elementary or secondary school may be counted toward the required five consecutive complete academic years only if at least one year of teaching was after the 1997-1998 academic year. (iii) Teaching at an...

34 CFR 685.217 - Teacher loan forgiveness program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... serves low-income families as a full-time teacher for five consecutive complete academic years. The... elementary or secondary school may be counted toward the required five consecutive complete academic years only if at least one year of teaching was after the 1997-1998 academic year. (iii) Teaching at an...

Contextual and Pedagogical Considerations in Teaching for Forgiveness in the Arab World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nasser, Ilham; Abu-Nimer, Mohammed; Mahmoud, Ola

2014-01-01

This study was conducted among Arab teachers in four countries in the Middle East (Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt and Palestine) to examine their views and methods on teaching for forgiveness in their classrooms. A total of 87 teachers in K-12 classrooms participated in semi-structured interviews as part of a larger study on teaching for forgiveness in…

Forgive and Forget: Differences between Decisional and Emotional Forgiveness.

PubMed

Lichtenfeld, Stephanie; Buechner, Vanessa L; Maier, Markus A; Fernández-Capo, Maria

2015-01-01

To forgive and forget is a well-known idiom, which has rarely been looked at empirically. In the current experiment, we investigated differences between emotional and decisional forgiveness on forgetting. The present study provides the first empirical support that emotional forgiveness has a strong influence on subsequent incidental forgetting. Specifically, our results demonstrate that emotional forgiveness leads to substantially higher levels of forgetting in respect to offense relevant traits compared to both decisional forgiveness and no forgiveness. This provides evidence for our hypothesized effect that only individuals who have emotionally forgiven a transgression, and not those who just decided to forgive, subsequently forget offense relevant traits attributed to the transgressor.

The Impact of Incentives to Recruit and Retain Teachers in "Hard-to-Staff" Subjects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feng, Li; Sass, Tim R.

2018-01-01

We investigate the effects of a statewide program designed to increase the supply of teachers in designated "hard-to-staff" areas, such as special education, math, and science. Employing a difference-in-difference estimator we find that the loan forgiveness component of the program was effective, reducing mean attrition rates for middle…

The Student-Loan System Needs a Major Overhaul

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hess, Frederick, M.; Squire, Juliet

2007-01-01

In September 2007, Congress voted to cut subsidies to lenders in the federal guaranteed-student-loan program and use much of the savings to increase student aid. Congress also passed other significant provisions, including modified repayment periods and loan forgiveness for certain students. Such legislation came on the heels of New York Attorney…

Forgiveness Working: Forgiveness, Health, and Productivity in the Workplace.

PubMed

Toussaint, Loren; Worthington, Everett L; Van Tongeren, Daryl R; Hook, Joshua; Berry, Jack W; Shivy, Victoria A; Miller, Andrea J; Davis, Don E

2018-01-01

Associations between forgiveness and health promotion in the workplace were examined as mediating effects of workplace interpersonal stress. Cross-sectional. Multiple Washington, DC, office-based and Midwestern manufacturing workplaces. Study 1: 108 employees (40 males and 68 females); mean age was 32.4 years. Study 2: 154 employees (14 males and 140 females); mean age was 43.9 years. Questionnaires measured forgiveness, unproductivity, absenteeism, stress, and health problems. Bivariate and multiple correlation/regression and structural equation models were used. Indirect effects were estimated with bootstrapping methods. In study 1, forgiveness of a specific workplace offense was inversely associated with unproductivity ( r = -.35, P < .001) and mental ( r = -.32, P = .001) and physical ( r = -.19, P = .044) health problems. In study 2, trait forgiveness was inversely associated with unproductivity (β = -.20, P = .016) and mental (β = -.31, P < .001) and physical health problems (β = -.28, P = .001), and workplace interpersonal stress partially mediated these associations (indirect effects = -.03, -.04, -.05, respectively). The association of forgiveness and occupational outcomes is robust. Forgiveness may be associated with outcomes by (at least partially) reducing stress related to workplace offenses. Forgiveness may be an effective means of coping following being emotionally hurt on the job that may promote good health, well-being, and productivity.

Cordelia, Lear, and forgiveness.

PubMed

Schafer, Roy

2005-01-01

Painful human interactions are often followed by urges to forgive, be forgiving, or seek forgiveness. The insight analysands develop into their transferences highlights their finding gratification in constantly reenacting painful interactions. Their new understanding can make forgiveness seem irrelevant; waiving the question of forgiveness might then seem the wiser course to follow. Also thrown into question is whether total forgiveness of self and others can ever be achieved. Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Lear raises these questions. There we encounter, first, the painful interaction of Cordelia and Lear and, finally, Cordelia's response, "No cause, no cause," to a dying Lear's begging her forgiveness for having initially treated her cruelly. Cordelia's response seems to be waiving the question of guilt and forgiveness, but could it be wholehearted? In a search for answers, a reading of Cordelia's and Lear's lines is interwoven with interpretations of unconscious conflict that might be considered were one to encounter clinically a "Cordelia" abused by an aging and failing father at a turning point in her womanly development. Unconsciously, it is concluded, unforgivingness persists alongside the loving, insightful waiving of forgiveness made possible by higher-level ego functioning. Methodological reflections on reading and interpretation are included.

How Do People Conceptualize and Use Forgiveness? The Forgiveness Attitudes Questionnaire.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kanz, Jason E.

2000-01-01

Study explores how people use and conceptualize interpersonal forgiveness and introduces the Forgiveness Attitudes Questionnaire (FAQ), an instrument designed to explore forgiveness. The instrument was administered to 155 students from two Midwestern colleges. Results suggest that the FAQ shows early promise as an instrument for exploring…

Collectivistic Self-Construal and Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hook, Joshua N.; Worthington, Everett L., Jr.; Utsey, Shawn O.; Davis, Don E.; Burnette, Jeni L.

2012-01-01

This study tested a theoretical model of the relationship between collectivism and forgiveness. Participants (N= 298) completed measures of collectivistic self-construal, forgiveness, and forgiveness-related constructs. A collectivistic self-was related to understanding forgiveness as an interpersonal process that involved reconciliation.…

Beliefs of Counselor Trainees about Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ebru Ikiz, Fatma; Mete-Otlu, Bahar; Asici, Esra

2015-01-01

Counselors might be able to help clients to forgive after interpersonal hurts and one of the first tasks of working toward forgiveness with clients is helping them understand exactly what forgiveness means. However, a counselor who wants to use forgiveness in his/her work must first know what forgiveness is, what forgiveness is not, and which…

To Blame or to Forgive? Reconciling Punishment and Forgiveness in Criminal Justice

PubMed Central

Lacey, Nicola; Pickard, Hanna

2015-01-01

What do you do when faced with wrongdoing—do you blame or do you forgive? Especially when confronted with offences that lie on the more severe end of the spectrum and cause terrible psychological or physical trauma or death, nothing can feel more natural than blame. Indeed, in the UK and the USA, increasingly vehement and righteous public expressions of blame and calls for vengeance have become commonplace; correspondingly, contemporary penal philosophy has witnessed a resurgence of the retributive tradition, in the modern form usually known as the ‘justice’ model. On the other hand, people can and routinely do forgive others, even in cases of severe crime. Evolutionary psychologists argue that both vengeance and forgiveness are universal human adaptations that have evolved as alternative responses to exploitation, and, crucially, strategies for reducing risk of re-offending. We are naturally endowed with both capacities: to blame and retaliate, or to forgive and seek to repair relations. Which should we choose? Drawing on evolutionary psychology, we offer an account of forgiveness and argue that the choice to blame, and not to forgive, is inconsistent with the political values of a broadly liberal society and can be instrumentally counter-productive to reducing the risk of future re-offending. We then sketch the shape of penal philosophy and criminal justice policy and practice with forgiveness in place as a guiding ideal. PMID:26937059

To Blame or to Forgive? Reconciling Punishment and Forgiveness in Criminal Justice.

PubMed

Lacey, Nicola; Pickard, Hanna

2015-12-01

What do you do when faced with wrongdoing-do you blame or do you forgive? Especially when confronted with offences that lie on the more severe end of the spectrum and cause terrible psychological or physical trauma or death, nothing can feel more natural than blame. Indeed, in the UK and the USA, increasingly vehement and righteous public expressions of blame and calls for vengeance have become commonplace; correspondingly, contemporary penal philosophy has witnessed a resurgence of the retributive tradition, in the modern form usually known as the 'justice' model. On the other hand, people can and routinely do forgive others, even in cases of severe crime. Evolutionary psychologists argue that both vengeance and forgiveness are universal human adaptations that have evolved as alternative responses to exploitation, and, crucially, strategies for reducing risk of re-offending. We are naturally endowed with both capacities: to blame and retaliate, or to forgive and seek to repair relations. Which should we choose? Drawing on evolutionary psychology, we offer an account of forgiveness and argue that the choice to blame, and not to forgive, is inconsistent with the political values of a broadly liberal society and can be instrumentally counter-productive to reducing the risk of future re-offending. We then sketch the shape of penal philosophy and criminal justice policy and practice with forgiveness in place as a guiding ideal.

Forgiveness and interpersonal relationships: a Nepalese investigation.

PubMed

Watkins, David A; Hui, Eadaoin K P; Luo, Wenshu; Regmi, Murari; Worthington, Everett L; Hook, Joshua N; Davis, Don E

2011-01-01

The present study examined the practice of forgiveness in Nepal. A model relating collectivism and forgiveness was examined. Participants (N = 221) completed measures of collectivism, individualism, forgiveness, conciliatory behavior, and motivations for avoidance and revenge toward the offender. Collectivism was positively related to forgiveness. Forgiveness was strongly related to conciliatory behavior and motivations for avoidance and revenge toward the offender. Decisional forgiveness was a stronger predictor of motivations for revenge than was emotional forgiveness.

Efficacy of REACH Forgiveness across cultures.

PubMed

Lin, Yin; Worthington, Everett L; Griffin, Brandon J; Greer, Chelsea L; Opare-Henaku, Annabella; Lavelock, Caroline R; Hook, Joshua N; Ho, Man Yee; Muller, Holly

2014-09-01

This study investigates the efficacy of the 6-hour REACH Forgiveness intervention among culturally diverse undergraduates. Female undergraduates (N = 102) and foreign extraction (46.2%) and domestic (43.8%) students in the United States were randomly assigned to immediate treatment or waitlist conditions. Treatment efficacy and the effect of culture on treatment response were assessed using measures of emotional and decisional forgiveness across 3 time periods. Students in the treatment condition reported greater improvement in emotional forgiveness, but not decisional forgiveness, relative to those in the waitlist condition. Gains were maintained at a 1-week follow-up. Although culture did not moderate the effect of treatment, a main effect of culture on emotional forgiveness and marginally significant interaction effect of culture on decisional forgiveness were found. The REACH Forgiveness intervention was efficacious for college students from different cultural backgrounds when conducted in the United States. However, some evidence may warrant development of culturally adapted forgiveness interventions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Dark Side of Forgiveness: The Tendency to Forgive Predicts Continued Psychological and Physical Aggression in Marriage

PubMed Central

McNulty, James K.

2014-01-01

Despite a burgeoning literature that documents numerous positive implications of forgiveness, scholars know very little about the potential negative implications of forgiveness. In particular, the tendency to express forgiveness may lead offenders to feel free to offend again by removing unwanted consequences for their behavior (e.g., anger, criticism, rejection, loneliness) that would otherwise discourage reoffending. Consistent with this possibility, the current longitudinal study of newlywed couples revealed a positive association between spouses’ reports of their tendencies to express forgiveness to their partners and those partners’ reports of psychological and physical aggression. Specifically, although spouses who reported being relatively more forgiving experienced psychological and physical aggression that remained stable over the first 4 years of marriage, spouses who reported being relatively less forgiving experienced declines in both forms of aggression over time. These findings join just a few others in demonstrating that forgiveness is not a panacea. PMID:21558557

A dark side to self-forgiveness: forgiving the self and its association with chronic unhealthy behaviour.

PubMed

Wohl, Michael J A; Thompson, Andrea

2011-06-01

Contrary to conventional wisdom and extant empirical work, forgiving the self may have deleterious consequences, especially if self-forgiveness is granted for chronic unhealthy behaviours such as smoking. Among 181 smokers, it was predicted and found that increased self-forgiveness for smoking was associated with a decreased likelihood of advancing through the stages of behavioural change towards action. Moreover, forgiving the self, mediated the relationship between movements from the pre-contemplation to contemplation stage of change and perceived smoking cons as well as experiential processes. An expanded understanding of the benefits and costs of self-forgiveness is discussed. ©2011 The British Psychological Society.

Forgive and Forget? Forgiveness, Personality, and Wellness among Counselors-in-Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moorhead, Holly J. Hartwig; Gill, Carman; Minton, Casey A. Barrio; Myers, Jane E.

2012-01-01

Forgiveness as a method of addressing "wounds" has been linked to enduring aspects of personality and improved physical and mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of forgiveness on counseling students' overall wellness. Counseling students (N= 115) from 5 universities completed self-report measures of…

Forgiveness and relationship satisfaction: mediating mechanisms.

PubMed

Braithwaite, Scott R; Selby, Edward A; Fincham, Frank D

2011-08-01

Although the ability to forgive transgressions has been linked to overall relationship satisfaction, the mechanisms that mediate this association have not been established. We propose that the tendency to forgive a romantic partner increases relationship satisfaction via increased relational effort and decreased negative conflict. In two studies, we used structural equations modeling to examine these variables as potential mechanisms that drive this association. In Study 1 (N = 523) and Study 2 (N = 446) we found that these variables significantly mediated the association between forgiveness and relationship satisfaction. The findings were robust when examined concurrently and longitudinally, across multiple measures of forgiveness, and when accounting for baseline relationship satisfaction and interpersonal commitment. These two mechanisms parallel theorized positive and negative dimensions of forgiveness and the motivational transformation that is said to underlie forgiveness. Theoretical implications and implications for intervention are discussed.

Forgiving and Feeling Forgiven in Late Adulthood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torges, Cynthia; Ingersoll-Dayton, Berit; Krause, Neal

2013-01-01

Enright and colleagues (1996) emphasized the beneficial effect of experiencing forgiveness across multiple domains. We build upon their conceptualization of forgiveness by adding a domain--forgiveness by God--to create global forgiveness. In the current study, we use data from a nationally representative study, the Religion, Aging and Health…

The Relationship Between Humor Styles and Forgiveness

PubMed Central

Hampes, William

2016-01-01

Research has shown that a factor in a victim’s forgiveness of an offender is the victim’s ability to make more positive, or at least less negative, attributions of the offender’s behavior and that perspective-taking can be a factor in facilitating that process. Self-enhancing humor has been found to be positively correlated with perspective-taking empathy and aggressive humor found to be negatively correlated with perspective-taking empathy. Therefore it was predicted that self-enhancing humor would be positively correlated with forgiveness and aggressive humor negatively correlated with forgiveness. The Humor Styles Questionnaire, the Absence of Negative and Presence of Positive subscales of the Forgiveness Scale, and the Forgiveness Likelihood Scale were administered to 112 college undergraduates. Self-enhancing humor was significantly and positively correlated with all of the forgiveness measures, aggressive humor and self-defeating humor were significantly and negatively correlated with some of the forgiveness measures and affiliative humor was not significantly correlated with any of the forgiveness measures. The results were interpreted in terms of previous findings for humor styles, perspective-taking empathy, depression, self-esteem and anxiety. Future research involving the extent to which other personality variables, such as perspective-taking empathy, mediate the relationship between self-enhancing humor and forgiveness was suggested. PMID:27547252

Fit to Forgive: Effect of Mode of Exercise on Capacity to Override Grudges and Forgiveness

PubMed Central

Struthers, C. Ward; van Monsjou, Elizabeth; Ayoub, Mariam; Guilfoyle, Joshua R.

2017-01-01

Forgiveness is important for repairing relationships that have been damaged by transgressions. In this research we explored the notion that the mode of physical exercise that victims of transgressions engage in and their capacity to override grudges are important in the process of forgiveness. Two exploratory studies that varied in samples (community non-student adults, undergraduate students) and research methods (non-experimental, experimental) were used to test these predictions. Findings showed that, compared to anaerobic or no exercise, aerobic and flexibility exercise facilitated self-control over grudges and forgiveness (Studies 1 and 2), and self-control over grudges explained the relation between exercise and forgiveness (Study 2). Possible mechanisms for future research are discussed. PMID:28533758

Measuring Offence-Specific Forgiveness in Marriage: The Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paleari, F. Giorgia; Regalia, Camillo; Fincham, Frank D.

2009-01-01

Three studies involving 328 married couples were conducted to validate the Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale, a new measure assessing offence-specific forgiveness for marital transgressions. The studies examined the dimensionality; internal consistency; and discriminant, concurrent, and predictive validity of the new measure. The final…

The Forgiveness Reconciliation Inventory: An Instrument to Process through Issues of Forgiveness and Conflict

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balkin, Richard S.; Harris, Nephaterria A.; Freeman, Stephen J.; Huntington, Scott

2014-01-01

The Forgiveness Reconciliation Inventory is a theoretically derived instrument. Participants included individuals from clinical and nonclinical populations. Confirmatory factor analysis along with correlational designs and between-group comparisons indicate strong psychometric properties of the Forgiveness Reconciliation Inventory. The authors…

Effectiveness of the Incentive Loan Program for Mathematics and Science Teachers--Washington State 1983-1986. Part III: Report to Washington State Legislature Incentive Loan Program for Mathematics and Science Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harder, Annie K.; And Others

The effectiveness of a loan program in providing an incentive for students to prepare for mathematics and/or science teaching in Washington State is described in this report. It is the third of a three part report to the Washington State Legislature regarding the Teacher Incentive Loan Program for Mathematics and Science. Recipients of forgiveness…

Student loan burden and its impact on career decisions in dermatology.

PubMed

Nguyen, Jannett; Song, Eingun; Liu, Michael A; Lee, Patrick K; Truong, Sam

2017-12-01

Dermatology departments in the United States face difficulties in recruiting dermatologists to academic positions, raising concerns for the future of dermatology education and research. This preliminary study aimed to explore the impact of student loan burden on career plans in dermatology and to determine if the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program can be used as a recruitment tool for academic positions in dermatology. Results from this electronic survey, which was distributed to dermatology residents and attending physicians, revealed that debt burden may influence career decisions in dermatology. Dermatologists may not be fully educated on loan repayment options. With increased awareness, the PSLF can potentially be used as a recruitment tool for academic positions in dermatology.

Competitive personality attitudes and forgiveness of others.

PubMed

Collier, Shawn A; Ryckman, Richard M; Thornton, Bill; Gold, Joel A

2010-12-01

The authors conducted a survey to determine whether competitive attitudes are differentially associated with forgiveness or lack of forgiveness of others. The results showed that hypercompetitiveness was associated with a lack of forgiveness, whereas personal development competitiveness was associated positively with forgiveness. Discussion centers on the need to discourage socialization practices that foster the adoption of a self-contained individualism that is associated with a maladaptive hypercompetitiveness. Instead, parents should promote an ensembled individualism that is associated with a psychologically healthy personal development competitive orientation.

Religious involvement and the forgiving personality.

PubMed

Mullet, Etienne; Barros, José; Frongia, Loredana; Usaï, Veronica; Neto, Félix; Shafighi, Sheila Rivière

2003-02-01

The relationship between religious involvement and forgiveness was assessed in three samples of Western Europeans living in a social environment dominated by the Catholic tradition. The samples comprised nonbelievers/nonattendees, believers/nonattendees, believers/regular attendees, and religious people. Age and religious involvement were shown to affect the willingness to forgive in an interactive way: The effect of religious involvement was stronger for the elderly group. We also found that what made the difference in the willingness to forgive was mainly the social commitment to religion (attendance in church and the taking of vows), not mere personal beliefs. In addition, age and religious involvement were found to affect blockage towards forgiveness in an additive way.

Collectivism, Forgiveness, and Social Harmony

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hook, Joshua N.; Worthington, Everett L., Jr.; Utsey, Shawn O.

2009-01-01

Existing models of forgiveness and the strategies to promote forgiveness that draw from them are predominantly individualistic. As the United States becomes more diverse and counseling psychology becomes a more global field, counseling psychologists are increasingly likely to encounter clients who have a collectivistic worldview. The authors…

Self-Forgiveness and Mortality in Late Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krause, Neal; Hayward, R. David

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study is to see if older people who are able to forgive themselves have a lower mortality risk than older adults who are not able to forgive themselves. In addition, it is hypothesized that the relationship between self-forgiveness and mortality will be contingent upon the level of an older individual's education. More…

Self-forgiveness in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

PubMed

Watson, Michelle J; Lydecker, Janet A; Jobe, Rebecca L; Enright, Robert D; Gartner, Aubrey; Mazzeo, Suzanne E; Worthington, Everett L

2012-01-01

This study investigated whether low levels of self-forgiveness were associated with eating disorder symptomatology. Participating women (N = 51) had diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or no eating disorder diagnosis. They completed 3 measures of self-forgiveness. Women with eating disorders had lower levels of self-forgiveness compared with control participants. Results suggest that incorporating self-forgiveness interventions into current eating disorder treatments should be evaluated in future research as they might enhance clinical outcomes.

Forgiveness, acceptance and the matter of expectation.

PubMed

Siassi, Shahrzad

2007-12-01

In this paper, the author argues for a dynamic conceptualization of forgiveness during psychoanalysis. The trauma of failed expectations in intimate relationships is narcissistically dislodging. When legitimate expectations in relationships are not met, forgiveness becomes a challenge for ego to restore the lost narcissistic balance through the resumption of a significant internal bond. The author argues that the ending of any successful analysis is marked by three possibilities regarding the patient's relationship to significant others and his traumas: in cases where the relationship was marked by minimal expectations, one simply learns to accept the wrongdoer without ever feeling the need for forgiveness; in cases where a relationship was marked by high expectations, the patient can learn to accept the trauma without the will or need to forgive its perpetrator. However, even with the painful frustration of high expectations in an intimate relationship, the patient can come to forgive his wrongdoer if there remains enough of a positive internal bond to be salvaged. The developmental roots of such forgiveness, as well as the addictive characteristics of 'nursing a grudge' and the conversion of the qualitative mode of seeking fulfillment into a quantitative one, are further investigated.

Situational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal characteristic associations with adolescent conflict forgiveness.

PubMed

Johnson, H Durell; Wernli, Molly A; LaVoie, Joseph C

2013-01-01

ABSTRACT. Given the voluntary nature of adolescent friendships, forgiveness of interpersonal transgressions has been identified as a critical aspect of maintaining these relationships. However, transgression forgiveness is related to a range of situational (e.g., transgression severity), interpersonal (e.g., friendship commitment), and intrapersonal (e.g., victim's empathy) factors. Data from 161 adolescents were used to examine the nature of the relationships between these factors and forgiveness and to examine the differential association patterns for adolescent boys and girls. Results for the overall adolescent sample indicated both situational and interpersonal factor associations with forgiveness (R2 = .52, p < .001). Examination of separate female and male forgiveness reports indicated similar interpersonal factor associations and differential situational factor associations with female (R2 = .46, p < .001), and male (R2 = .60, p < .001) forgiveness. Findings suggest the likelihood of forgiving may be contextually dependent, and that researchers should consider transgression, relationship, and intrapersonal characteristics when examining forgiveness. Further, the present study suggests the contextual factors associated with forgiveness may be further differentiated by gender.

Forgiveness from Emotion Fit: Emotional Frame, Consumer Emotion, and Feeling-Right in Consumer Decision to Forgive

PubMed Central

Ran, Yaxuan; Wei, Haiying; Li, Qing

2016-01-01

Three studies examine an emotion fit effect in the crisis communication, namely, the interaction between emotional frames of guilt and shame and consumer emotions of anger and fear on consumer forgiveness. Guilt-framing communication results in higher forgiveness than shame-framing for angry consumers, whereas shame-framing communication results in higher forgiveness than guilt-framing for fearful consumers. These effects are driven by consumers’ accessible regulatory foci associated with anger/fear and guilt/shame. Specifically, feelings of anger activate a promotion focus that is represented by guilt frames, while feelings of fear activate a prevention focus that is enacted by shame frames. Compared with emotion non-fit (i.e., anger to shame and fear to guilt), emotion fit (i.e., anger to guilt and fear to shame) facilitates greater feeling-right and consumer forgiveness. The findings offer novel insights for extant literature on emotion, crisis communication, and regulatory focus theory, as well as practical suggestions regarding the emotional frames. PMID:27895612

Forgiveness from Emotion Fit: Emotional Frame, Consumer Emotion, and Feeling-Right in Consumer Decision to Forgive.

PubMed

Ran, Yaxuan; Wei, Haiying; Li, Qing

2016-01-01

Three studies examine an emotion fit effect in the crisis communication, namely, the interaction between emotional frames of guilt and shame and consumer emotions of anger and fear on consumer forgiveness. Guilt-framing communication results in higher forgiveness than shame-framing for angry consumers, whereas shame-framing communication results in higher forgiveness than guilt-framing for fearful consumers. These effects are driven by consumers' accessible regulatory foci associated with anger/fear and guilt/shame. Specifically, feelings of anger activate a promotion focus that is represented by guilt frames, while feelings of fear activate a prevention focus that is enacted by shame frames. Compared with emotion non-fit (i.e., anger to shame and fear to guilt), emotion fit (i.e., anger to guilt and fear to shame) facilitates greater feeling-right and consumer forgiveness. The findings offer novel insights for extant literature on emotion, crisis communication, and regulatory focus theory, as well as practical suggestions regarding the emotional frames.

Towards a feminist empowerment model of forgiveness psychotherapy.

PubMed

McKay, Kevin M; Hill, Melanie S; Freedman, Suzanne R; Enright, Robert D

2007-03-01

In recent years Enright and Fitzgibbon's (2000) process model of forgiveness therapy has received substantial theoretical and empirical attention. However, both the process model of forgiveness therapy and the social-cognitive developmental model on which it is based have received criticism from feminist theorists. The current paper considers feminist criticisms of forgiveness therapy and uses a feminist lens to identify potential areas for growth. Specifically, Worell and Remer's (2003) model of synthesizing feminist ideals into existing theory was consulted, areas of bias within the forgiveness model of psychotherapy were identified, and strategies for restructuring areas of potential bias were introduced. Further, the authors consider unique aspects of forgiveness therapy that can potentially strengthen existing models of feminist therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

19 CFR 351.508 - Debt forgiveness.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Duties INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ANTIDUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING DUTIES Identification and Measurement of Countervailable Subsidies § 351.508 Debt forgiveness. (a) Benefit. In the case of an assumption or forgiveness of a firm's debt obligation, a benefit exists equal to the amount of...

Alternative School Student Perceptions about Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edgar-Smith, Susan; Palmer, Ruth Baugher

2017-01-01

The investigative setting for this study was an alternative educational program that serves at-risk middle and secondary school students. The study evaluated students' conceptual understandings of forgiveness, their exercise of forgiveness in the face of perceived school-related transgressions, as well as the relationship between the two variables…

Interpersonal Forgiveness and Psychological Well-Being in Late Childhood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Wal, Reine C.; Karremans, Johan C.; Cillessen, Antonius H. N.

2016-01-01

Although the ability to forgive offending peers may be crucial for maintaining long-term friendships in childhood, little is actually known about forgiveness among peers in childhood. In the present research, we examined whether forgiveness among children is related to enhanced psychological well-being. Importantly, we hypothesized that this…

76 FR 15956 - Notice of Submission for OMB Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-22

...-income elementary school, secondary school, or educational service agency. The Teacher Loan Forgiveness... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Notice of Submission for OMB Review AGENCY: Department of Education... Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attention: Education Desk Officer, Office of Management and...

A prototype analysis of forgiveness.

PubMed

Kearns, Jill N; Fincham, Frank D

2004-07-01

Many definitions of forgiveness currently exist in the literature. The current research adds to this discussion by utilizing a prototype approach to examine lay conceptions of forgiveness. A prototype approach involves categorizing objects or events in terms of their similarity to a good example, whereas a classical approach requires that there are essential elements that must be present. In Study 1, participants listed the features of forgiveness. Study 2 obtained centrality ratings for these features. In Studies 3 and 4, central features were found to be more salient in memory than peripheral features. Study 5 showed that feature centrality influenced participants' ratings of victims involved in hypothetical transgressions. Thus, the two criteria for demonstrating prototype structure (that participants find it meaningful to judge features in terms of their centrality and that centrality affects cognition) were met.

Does forgiveness mediate the impact of school bullying on adolescent mental health?

PubMed

van Rensburg, Estie Janse; Raubenheimer, Jacques

2015-01-01

The link between both bullying and victimisation and psychopathology has been well established. Forgiveness has been associated with better mental health. However, few studies have examined the relationship between adolescent forgiveness, psychopathology and bullying/victimisation. This study investigated forgiveness as a mediator of the adverse mental health problems experienced by bullies and victims of bullying. Participants were 355 Year 10 or Year 11 pupils (age = 14.9 years) from two British secondary schools in 2007, who completed self-administered measures on bullying and victimisation, mental health, forgiveness of self and others, and forgivingness. The mediating influence of forgiveness on the impact of bullying/victimisation on mental health was tested with a structural equation model. Data from 55.6% of the 639 eligible pupils were analysed. Results confirmed an association between bullying/victimisation, forgiveness and psychopathology. Forgiveness scores were found to play a mediating role between bullying/victimisation and psychopathology. Victimised adolescents who were better able to forgive themselves were more likely to report lower levels of psychopathology, while bullying adolescents who were unable to forgive others were more likely to report higher levels of psychopathology. This suggests a greater role for forgiveness within future research, intervention and policy on bullying. Forgiveness can form a valuable part of preventative and educational anti-bullying programmes.

Piloting Forgiveness Education: A Comparison of the Impact of Two Brief Forgiveness Education Programmes among Chinese College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ji, Mingxia; Tao, Linjin; Zhu, Tingting

2016-01-01

With the development of the theory of positive psychology, forgiveness has been understood to constitute a psychological strength that may facilitate personal and relational health. This study involved two brief (four sessions) forgiveness education programmes based on the Enright Psycho-social Model and Chinese cultural values, respectively, to…

A Model of Forgiveness: Theory Formulations and Research Implications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Karen Alexandria

A literature review revealed little empirical research on forgiveness, suggesting the need for a model of forgiveness. The work of both E. M. Pattison and L. B. Smedes was used as a foundation upon which a model was developed involving a four-stage decision making process. The four stages of forgiveness are awareness, change, interaction, and…

Forgiveness and Suicidal Behavior: Cynicism and Psychache as Serial Mediators.

PubMed

Dangel, Trever J; Webb, Jon R; Hirsch, Jameson K

2018-02-17

Research is burgeoning regarding the beneficial association of forgiveness with numerous health-related outcomes; however, its particular relationship to suicidal behavior has received relatively little attention. Both cynicism and psychache, or agonizing psychological pain, have displayed deleterious associations with suicidal behavior, but have rarely been incorporated into more comprehensive models of suicidal behavior. Consistent with the recent development of a theoretical model regarding the forgiveness-suicidal behavior association, the present study utilized an undergraduate sample of college students (N = 312) to test a mediation-based model of the cross-sectional association of forgiveness with suicidal behavior, as serially mediated by cynicism and psychache. Dispositional forgiveness of self and forgiveness of uncontrollable situations were each indirectly associated with less suicidal behavior via less psychache. Also, dispositional forgiveness of others was indirectly associated with less suicidal behavior via less cynicism and less psychache, in a serial fashion. The present results are consistent with the extent literature on the forgiveness-suicidal behavior association, cynicism, and psychache, and pending future studies, may be utilized to inform further treatment efforts for individuals at a high risk of attempting suicide.

The Role of Adult Attachment Style in Forgiveness Following an Interpersonal Offense

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawler-Row, Kathleen A.; Younger, Jarred W.; Piferi, Rachel L.; Jones, Warren H.

2006-01-01

The role of attachment style in relation to forgiveness was investigated in 2 betrayal interviews. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed, along with attachment style, forgiveness, empathy, and emotional expressiveness. Securely attached individuals were more forgiving of the specific offense, had higher levels of trait forgiveness, and…

Forgiveness and Subjective Happiness of University Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batik, Meryem Vural; Bingöl, Tugba Yilmaz; Kodaz, Aynur Firinci; Hosoglu, Rumeysa

2017-01-01

This research was conducted to investigate the forgiveness and subjective happiness level of university students in terms of gender, faculty, grade, residence, and parental attitudes, and to determine predictive role of forgiveness on subjective happiness. The study group consists of 828 university students (56.3% female, 43.7% male). The data was…

Forgiveness, Stress, and Health: a 5-Week Dynamic Parallel Process Study

PubMed Central

Toussaint, Loren L.; Shields, Grant S.; Slavich, George M.

2016-01-01

Background Psychological stress is a well-known risk factor for poor health, and recent research has suggested that the emotion-focused coping process of forgiveness may help mitigate these effects. To date, however, no studies have examined how levels of forgiveness, stress, and health fluctuate and interrelate over time. Purpose We addressed this issue by examining how forgiveness, stress, and mental and physical health symptoms change and relate to one another over 5 weeks. We hypothesized that increases in state levels of forgiveness would be associated with decreases in perceptions of stress, which would in turn be related to decreases in mental and physical health symptoms. A reverse effects model was also tested. Methods We recruited a large, community-based sample of 332 young, middle-aged, and older adults (16–79 years old; Mage = 27.9). Each week for 5 weeks, participants reported on their levels of state forgiveness, perceived stress, and mental and physical health symptoms. Results Levels of forgiveness, stress, and mental and physical health symptoms each showed significant change and individual variability in change over time. As hypothesized, increases in forgiveness were associated with decreases in stress, which were in turn related to decreases in mental (but not physical) health symptoms (i.e., forgiveness→ stress→ health). The reverse effects model (i.e., health → stress → forgiveness) provided a relatively poorer fit. Conclusions This study is the first to provide prospective, longitudinal evidence showing that greater forgiveness is associated with less stress and, in turn, better mental health. Strategies for cultivating forgiveness may thus have beneficial effects on stress and health. PMID:27068160

Forgiveness, Stress, and Health: a 5-Week Dynamic Parallel Process Study.

PubMed

Toussaint, Loren L; Shields, Grant S; Slavich, George M

2016-10-01

Psychological stress is a well-known risk factor for poor health, and recent research has suggested that the emotion-focused coping process of forgiveness may help mitigate these effects. To date, however, no studies have examined how levels of forgiveness, stress, and health fluctuate and interrelate over time. We addressed this issue by examining how forgiveness, stress, and mental and physical health symptoms change and relate to one another over 5 weeks. We hypothesized that increases in state levels of forgiveness would be associated with decreases in perceptions of stress, which would in turn be related to decreases in mental and physical health symptoms. A reverse effects model was also tested. We recruited a large, community-based sample of 332 young, middle-aged, and older adults (16-79 years old; M age  = 27.9). Each week for 5 weeks, participants reported on their levels of state forgiveness, perceived stress, and mental and physical health symptoms. Levels of forgiveness, stress, and mental and physical health symptoms each showed significant change and individual variability in change over time. As hypothesized, increases in forgiveness were associated with decreases in stress, which were in turn related to decreases in mental (but not physical) health symptoms (i.e., forgiveness → stress → health). The reverse effects model (i.e., health → stress → forgiveness) provided a relatively poorer fit. This study is the first to provide prospective, longitudinal evidence showing that greater forgiveness is associated with less stress and, in turn, better mental health. Strategies for cultivating forgiveness may thus have beneficial effects on stress and health.

The Neural Systems of Forgiveness: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective

PubMed Central

Billingsley, Joseph; Losin, Elizabeth A. R.

2017-01-01

Evolution-minded researchers posit that the suite of human cognitive adaptations may include forgiveness systems. According to these researchers, forgiveness systems regulate interpersonal motivation toward a transgressor in the wake of harm by weighing multiple factors that influence both the potential gains of future interaction with the transgressor and the likelihood of future harm. Although behavioral research generally supports this evolutionary model of forgiveness, the model’s claims have not been examined with available neuroscience specifically in mind, nor has recent neuroscientific research on forgiveness generally considered the evolutionary literature. The current review aims to help bridge this gap by using evolutionary psychology and cognitive neuroscience to mutually inform and interrogate one another. We briefly summarize the evolutionary research on forgiveness, then review recent neuroscientific findings on forgiveness in light of the evolutionary model. We emphasize neuroscientific research that links desire for vengeance to reward-based areas of the brain, that singles out prefrontal areas likely associated with inhibition of vengeful feelings, and that correlates the activity of a theory-of-mind network with assessments of the intentions and blameworthiness of those who commit harm. In addition, we identify gaps in the existing neuroscientific literature, and propose future research directions that might address them, at least in part. PMID:28539904

Prayer and forgiveness: Beyond relationship quality and extension to marriage.

PubMed

Fincham, Frank D; May, Ross W

2017-09-01

The majority of the world population profess religious/spiritual beliefs and prayer is a form of spiritual activity common across numerous religious/spiritual belief systems. Three studies therefore examined the role of prayer in romantic relationships. Study 1 (n = 91) showed that prayer for a dating partner predicted lower aggressive tendencies and greater forgiveness of partner transgressions, independently of relationship closeness. Study 2 (n = 89 married couples) is among the first to examine the prayer-forgiveness association using dyadic data. Controlling for relationship satisfaction in the actor-partner interdependence model, prayer for the spouse predicted own forgiveness but not partner's reports of their own forgiveness. To obviate the problem of obtaining all the data from the same reporter, Study 3 (n = 91 married couples) used partner reports of the spouse's forgiveness in an actor-partner interdependence model analysis. Controlling for religiosity, the results showed that prayer for the partner predicted partner reports of the prayer's forgiveness. The implications of these results are then discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Teaching and Learning Forgiveness: A Multidimensional Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malcolm, Lois; Ramsey, Janet

2006-01-01

This essay seeks to illumine the teaching and learning of the practice of forgiveness by relating a range of theoretical perspectives (theological, psychological, and socio-cultural) to the process of cultivating the practical wisdom needed for forgiveness. We discuss how a Trinitarian "epistemology of the cross" might lead one to a new way of…

Interpersonal Forgiveness within the Helping Professions: An Attempt to Resolve Differences of Opinion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Enright, Robert D.; And Others

1992-01-01

Uses Lakatos's philosophy of science as guide for resolving published authors' differences of opinion about interpersonal forgiveness. Reviews ancient writings and current philosophical writings on interpersonal forgiveness. Critiques papers on forgiveness which have counseling implications. Describes process model of interpersonal forgiveness.…

The Relationship between Episodic and Dispositional Forgiveness, Psychosocial Development, and Counseling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poston, John M.; Hanson, William E.; Schwiebert, Valerie

2012-01-01

The relationship between episodic and dispositional forgiveness and the resolution of Erikson's (1963) psychosocial crises were explored in this study. Participants (N = 66) completed the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (Enright & Rique, 2004), Tendency to Forgive Scale (Brown, 2003), and Measures of Psychosocial Development (Hawley, 1988). Results…

Understanding betrayals in marriage: a synthesized model of forgiveness.

PubMed

Gordon, K C; Baucom, D H

1998-01-01

Forgiveness is an issue that is problematic for many couples, particularly those in marital therapy. However, little attention has been paid to this construct in the psychological literature. The purpose of this article is to describe a synthesized model of forgiveness using constructs from multiple theories, including forgiveness, trauma recovery, cognitive-behavioral, family systems, and insight-oriented theories. Forgiveness is conceptualized as a process consisting of three stages, each of which has cognitive, behavioral, and affective components. Furthermore, these stages seem to parallel a person's natural response to traumatic stress. First, there is a response to the initial impact; second, there is an attempt to give the event some kind of meaning, or put it into context; and finally, the person begins to move forward and readjust. Forgiveness is conceptualized as attaining: (a) a realistic, nondistorted, balanced view of the relationship; (b) a release from being controlled by negative affect toward the participating partner; and (c) a lessened desire to punish the participating partner. Implications for marital therapy also are discussed.

Can Group Interventions Facilitate Forgiveness of an Ex-Spouse?: A Randomized Clinical Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rye, Mark S.; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Pan, Wei; Yingling, David W.; Shogren, Karrie A.; Ito, Masako

2005-01-01

This study evaluated the effectiveness of 2 versions of an 8-session forgiveness group intervention for divorced individuals. Participants (randomized, n = 192; analyzed, n = 149) were randomly assigned to a secular forgiveness condition, a religious forgiveness condition, or a no-intervention comparison condition. Measures of forgiveness and…

Relational and Social-Cognitive Correlates of Early Adolescents' Forgiveness of Parents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Katherine J.; Padilla-Walker, Laura M.; Busby, Dean M.; Hardy, Sam A.; Day, Randal D.

2011-01-01

This study examined how mother and father-child relationship quality and marital forgiveness were related to early adolescents' forgiveness of mothers and fathers. Adolescents' social-cognitive skills (empathy and emotional regulation) and parents' forgiveness of child were examined as mediators. Mother, father, and child self-reported…

Forgiveness, coping, and terrorism: do tendency to forgive and coping strategies associate with the level of posttraumatic symptoms of injured victims of terror attacks?

PubMed

Weinberg, Michael; Gil, Sharon; Gilbar, Ora

2014-07-01

The study examined the tendency to forgive (self, others, and situations) and coping strategies (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance) among terror attack victims as associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. The sample included 108 terror victims who had been injured in terror attacks (mean age 46.23, standard deviation = 11.61; 58.3% male). Participants agreed to undergo assessments of their PTSD symptoms, coping strategies, and tendency to forgive. A nested structural equation model design showed that tendency to forgive is positively associated with problem-focused coping and negatively associated with avoidance coping. Additionally, tendency to forgive and problem-focused coping are associated with decreased PTSD symptom severity, whereas emotion-focused coping is associated with elevated PTSD symptom severity. Tendency to forgive and coping strategies are significantly associated with each other and with severity of PTSD symptoms among individuals injured in terror attacks. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of a Culture-Adaptive Forgiveness Intervention for Chinese College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ji, Mingxia; Hui, Eadaoin; Fu, Hong; Watkins, David; Tao, Linjin; Lo, Sing Kai

2016-01-01

The understanding and application of forgiveness varies across cultures. The current study aimed to examine the effect of a culture-adaptive Forgiveness Intervention on forgiveness attitude, self-esteem, empathy and anxiety of Mainland Chinese college students. Thirty-six participants were randomly allocated to either experimental groups or a…

What determines forgiveness in close relationships? The role of post-transgression trust.

PubMed

Strelan, Peter; Karremans, Johan C; Krieg, Josiah

2017-03-01

Relationship closeness is one of the best predictors of forgiveness. But what is the process by which closeness encourages forgiveness? Across three studies, we employed a mix of experimental and correlational designs with prospective (N = 108), scenario (N = 71), and recall (N = 184) paradigms to test a multiple mediation model. We found consistent evidence that the positive association between relationship closeness and forgiveness may be explained by levels of post-transgression trust in the offender. Moreover, trust always played the main mediating role in the forgiveness process, even when taking into account several transgression-specific variables associated with both trust and forgiveness (e.g., apology). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of trust as a key indicator of forgiveness in close relationships. © 2016 The British Psychological Society.

A Comparison of Forgiveness and Pro-Social Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scobie, G. E. W.; Scobie, E. D.

2000-01-01

Considers how forgiveness is learned and what developmental features it has in common with other prosocial activities. Maintains that viewing forgiveness within a moral developmental framework does not consider its complex nature nor address related issues such as damage severity, restoring relationships, empathy, or altruism. Explores these areas…

Process-Based Forgiveness Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lundahl, Brad W.; Taylor, Mary Jane; Stevenson, Ryan; Roberts, K. Daniel

2008-01-01

Objective: To investigate the impact of forgiveness interventions designed to help individuals who have suffered because of betrayals, offenses, or victimization. Forgiveness is believed to be a mechanism through which individuals can experience increases in hope and positive emotions and relief from negative emotions, cognitions, and behaviors.…

Effects of a Forgiveness Intervention for Older Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allemand, Mathias; Steiner, Marianne; Hill, Patrick L.

2013-01-01

The authors' aim in the present study was to examine the effects of a brief forgiveness intervention for older adults. The psychoeducational group intervention consists of (a) established core components of previous forgiveness interventions and (b) additional components considering specific needs of older adults. Seventy-eight older adults (mean…

Longitudinal relations between forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage.

PubMed

Fincham, Frank D; Beach, Steven R H; Davila, Joanne

2007-09-01

Does forgiveness predict later conflict resolution in married couples? Twelve-month follow-up data on conflict resolution were collected from the couples studied by F. D. Fincham, S. R. Beach, and J. Davila, who had provided earlier reports of forgiveness and conflict resolution. For wives, the positive dimension of forgiveness or benevolence predicted husbands' later reports of better conflict resolution controlling for initial levels of conflict resolution. This finding was independent of wives' marital satisfaction and the degree of hurt engendered by husbands' transgressions. For husbands, the only predictor of wives' reports of later conflict resolution was initial level of conflict resolution. The findings are discussed in terms of the direction of effect between forgiveness and conflict resolution and of the mechanisms that might link them. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved

Mental health, not social support, mediates the forgiveness-alcohol outcome relationship.

PubMed

Webb, Jon R; Robinson, Elizabeth A R; Brower, Kirk J

2011-09-01

Religiousness and spirituality are important to most Americans, and evidence suggests that they may contribute to both addiction and recovery. Forgiveness is a specific dimension of religiousness and spirituality that may enhance recovery, but the mechanism(s) through which it operates is unknown. We hypothesized that higher levels of forgiveness would be associated with higher levels of mental health and social support, which, in turn, would be associated with improved alcohol-related outcomes. Baseline and 6-month longitudinal data from a sample of 149 individuals with alcohol use disorders seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment were analyzed through multiple-mediation statistical techniques. While previous research has shown direct associations among forgiveness, alcohol-related outcomes, mental health, and social support, this study found that the direct associations between forgiveness and alcohol-related outcomes were no longer significant when mental health and social support were analyzed as mediator variables. At baseline, for each alcohol-related outcome measured (alcohol-related problems, percent heavy drinking days, percent days abstinent, and drinks per drinking day), mental health individually played a role in the relationship with both forgiveness of self and forgiveness of others, fully mediating or operating through an indirect-only pathway. For alcohol-related problems only, mental health fully mediated the relationship with forgiveness of self at follow-up and operated through an indirect-only pathway with forgiveness of others longitudinally. Social support and feeling forgiven by God were nonsignificant variables at baseline, follow-up, and longitudinally. (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

Federal Education Update, December 2004. Commission Update 04-17.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Postsecondary Education Commission, 2004

2004-01-01

This update presents some of the major issues affecting education occurring at the national level. These include: Higher Education Act Extended for One Year; New Law Increases Loan Forgiveness for Teachers; Domestic Appropriations Measures Completed; Change in Federal Student Aid Rules; Bush Advisor Nominated To Be Education Secretary In Second…

Provider Difficulties With Spiritual and Forgiveness Communication at the End of Life.

PubMed

Wittenberg, Elaine; Ferrell, Betty; Goldsmith, Joy; Buller, Haley

2016-11-01

Due to an absence of communication training, provider responses to patient/family spiritual distress are highly variable. Assessing spiritual and forgiveness concerns are important to ensuring quality holistic care. Cross-sectional survey data were collected from providers attending 1 of 2 continuing education courses. The survey measured the frequency and initiation of communication about spirituality and forgiveness with patients/families, the perceived difficulty in communication across topics, and preparation and resources for these discussions. Most participants (n = 124) were nurses followed by social workers with over half of providers having 10 years or more of clinical experience. Participants reported the highest level of difficulty in spiritual communication when talking with family after the death of a patient, followed by conducting a spiritual history with a patient. Facilitating forgiveness communication between parent and adult child, followed by facilitating forgiveness between partners was most difficult for all participants. Social workers reported much lower difficulty than nurses on all items of spiritual and forgiveness communication. The majority of participants indicated they were involved in spiritual and forgiveness communication. The most difficult communication included talking with family after death and facilitating forgiveness between patients and families. These findings support the importance of spiritual communication in clinical practice, and the need for clinician training in communicating about spirituality and forgiveness with patients and families. © The Author(s) 2015.

On the relationship between justice and forgiveness: are all forms of justice made equal?

PubMed

Wenzel, Michael; Okimoto, Tyler G

2014-09-01

This research investigates whether, following a wrongdoing, the restoration of justice promotes forgiveness. Three studies - one correlational recall study and two experimental scenario studies - provide evidence that while a restored sense of justice is overall positively related to forgiveness, forgiveness is highly dependent on the means of justice restoration being retributive (punitive) versus restorative (consensus-seeking) in nature. The findings showed that, overall, restorative but not retributive responses led to greater forgiveness. Although both retributive and restorative responses appeared to increase forgiveness indirectly through increased feelings of justice, for retributive responses these effects were counteracted by direct effects on forgiveness. Moreover, the experimental evidence showed that, while feelings of justice derived from restorative responses were positively related to forgiveness, feelings of justice derived from retributive responses were not. © 2013 The British Psychological Society.

A Forgiveness Intervention for Women With Fibromyalgia Who Were Abused in Childhood: A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

This pilot study compared the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention with a fibromyalgia (FM) health intervention on women with FM who have experienced emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, and emotional or physical neglect, in childhood by one of their parents. Eleven women with FM between the ages of 21 and 68 were randomized to the forgiveness intervention (n = 5) or the FM health intervention (n = 6), and completed the once-weekly individualized program for 24 weeks. The participants completed measures assessing forgiveness, overall FM health, depression, anger, anxiety, self-esteem, and coping strategies at the pretest, the posttest, and the 12-week follow-up test. They also completed the forgiveness intervention and FM health intervention final tests at the posttest, which assessed their knowledge on forgiveness and FM health. The forgiveness intervention participants had greater improvements in forgiveness (p < .001) and overall FM health (p = .046) from the pretest to the posttest, and in forgiveness (p = .018) and state anger (p = .027) from the pretest to the follow-up test than the FM health intervention participants. Moreover, the forgiveness intervention participants scored higher on the forgiveness final test than the FM health intervention participants (p < .001), and the FM health intervention participants scored higher on the FM health final test than the forgiveness intervention participants (p < .001). The results indicate that the forgiveness intervention was potentially helpful in improving forgiveness and overall FM health, and in decreasing state anger of this particular sample of women with FM. PMID:25914886

The Need for and Possibility of a Christian Forgiveness Education in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van der Walt, Johannes; de Muynck, Bram; Broer, Nico; Wolhuter, Charl; Potgieter, Ferdinand

2018-01-01

Individuals and communities occasionally need asking and giving forgiveness. Because the process of forgiving is not always well understood, it has become necessary to consider including forgiveness education in school pedagogy and in formal school programs such as Citizenship Education. This possibility is illustrated with examples from South…

"Letting myself go forward past wrongs": How regulatory modes affect self-forgiveness

PubMed Central

Giannini, Anna Maria; Higgins, E. Tory; Kruglanski, Arie W.

2018-01-01

The present research addresses the question of whether regulatory-mode orientations affect self-forgiveness. We expected that people with a strong locomotion orientation would be more inclined to self-forgiveness because of their tendencies toward movement and change, which focus them on the future, whereas people with a strong assessment orientation would refrain from self-forgiveness due to their evaluative tendencies which focus them on the past. These hypotheses were supported by the results in four studies that tested the relation between regulatory modes and self-forgiveness by measuring (Studies 1, 3 and 4) and manipulating (Study 2) regulatory-mode-orientations. Finally, in Study 4 we examined more closely our hypothesis that the relation between self-forgiveness and regulatory modes is mediated by past and future temporal foci. The implications of the results for regulatory mode theory are also discussed. PMID:29529065

"Letting myself go forward past wrongs": How regulatory modes affect self-forgiveness.

PubMed

Pierro, Antonio; Pica, Gennaro; Giannini, Anna Maria; Higgins, E Tory; Kruglanski, Arie W

2018-01-01

The present research addresses the question of whether regulatory-mode orientations affect self-forgiveness. We expected that people with a strong locomotion orientation would be more inclined to self-forgiveness because of their tendencies toward movement and change, which focus them on the future, whereas people with a strong assessment orientation would refrain from self-forgiveness due to their evaluative tendencies which focus them on the past. These hypotheses were supported by the results in four studies that tested the relation between regulatory modes and self-forgiveness by measuring (Studies 1, 3 and 4) and manipulating (Study 2) regulatory-mode-orientations. Finally, in Study 4 we examined more closely our hypothesis that the relation between self-forgiveness and regulatory modes is mediated by past and future temporal foci. The implications of the results for regulatory mode theory are also discussed.

The doormat effect: when forgiving erodes self-respect and self-concept clarity.

PubMed

Luchies, Laura B; Finkel, Eli J; McNulty, James K; Kumashiro, Madoka

2010-05-01

We build on principles from interdependence theory and evolutionary psychology to propose that forgiving bolsters one's self-respect and self-concept clarity if the perpetrator has acted in a manner that signals that the victim will be safe and valued in a continued relationship with the perpetrator but that forgiving diminishes one's self-respect and self-concept clarity if the perpetrator has not. Study 1 employed a longitudinal design to demonstrate that the association of marital forgiveness with trajectories of self-respect over the first 5 years of marriage depends on the spouse's dispositional tendency to indicate that the partner will be safe and valued (i.e., agreeableness). Studies 2 and 3 employed experimental procedures to demonstrate that the effects of forgiveness on self-respect and self-concept clarity depend on the perpetrator's event-specific indication that the victim will be safe and valued (i.e., amends). Study 4 employed a longitudinal design to demonstrate that the association of forgiveness with subsequent self-respect and self-concept clarity similarly depends on the extent to which the perpetrator has made amends. These studies reveal that, under some circumstances, forgiveness negatively impacts the self. 2010 APA, all rights reserved

Exploration of the association between apology and forgiveness amongst victims of human rights violations.

PubMed

Allan, Alfred; Allan, Maria M; Kaminer, Debra; Stein, Dan J

2006-01-01

Forgiving may lead to an improvement of mental health, and from a therapeutic jurisprudence perspective it is important to establish what aspects of judicial procedures can be changed to promote forgiving. The literature suggests that receiving an apology may encourage forgiving. However, there is a dearth of empirical research regarding the association between forgiving and apology in judicial settings. This paper reports the findings of a study that examined the association between forgiving and four restorative situations (i.e. excuse, admission of guilt, apology, and true sorriness) in a group of 134 victims of gross human rights violations who were actual or potential participants in the proceedings of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The best predictors of forgiveness in this sample were gender and whether victims perceived wrongdoers to be truly sorry. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Examining Trust, Forgiveness and Regret as Computational Concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marsh, Stephen; Briggs, Pamela

The study of trust has advanced tremendously in recent years, to the extent that the goal of a more unified formalisation of the concept is becoming feasible. To that end, we have begun to examine the closely related concepts of regret and forgiveness and their relationship to trust and its siblings. The resultant formalisation allows computational tractability in, for instance, artificial agents. Moreover, regret and forgiveness, when allied to trust, are very powerful tools in the Ambient Intelligence (AmI) security area, especially where Human Computer Interaction and concrete human understanding are key. This paper introduces the concepts of regret and forgiveness, exploring them from social psychological as well as a computational viewpoint, and presents an extension to Marsh's original trust formalisation that takes them into account. It discusses and explores work in the AmI environment, and further potential applications.

34 CFR 682.211 - Forbearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... valid identity theft report as defined in section 603(q)(4) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C... alleged identity theft as defined in § 682.402(e)(14), for a period not to exceed 120 days necessary for... qualify the borrower for loan forgiveness and associated forbearance under the requirements of the teacher...

34 CFR 682.211 - Forbearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... valid identity theft report as defined in section 603(q)(4) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C... alleged identity theft as defined in § 682.402(e)(14), for a period not to exceed 120 days necessary for... qualify the borrower for loan forgiveness and associated forbearance under the requirements of the teacher...

34 CFR 682.211 - Forbearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... valid identity theft report as defined in section 603(q)(4) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C... alleged identity theft as defined in § 682.402(e)(14), for a period not to exceed 120 days necessary for... qualify the borrower for loan forgiveness and associated forbearance under the requirements of the teacher...

Situational, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal Characteristic Associations with Adolescent Conflict Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, H. Durell; Wernli, Molly A.; LaVoie, Joseph C.

2013-01-01

Given the voluntary nature of adolescent friendships, forgiveness of interpersonal transgressions has been identified as a critical aspect of maintaining these relationships. However, transgression forgiveness is related to a range of situational (e.g., transgression severity), interpersonal (e.g., friendship commitment), and intrapersonal (e.g.,…

The potential of forgiveness as a response for coping with negative peer experiences.

PubMed

Flanagan, Kelly S; Vanden Hoek, Kristin K; Ranter, Jennifer M; Reich, Holly A

2012-10-01

Coping strategies employed by adolescents in response to negative peer experiences are related to their adjustment. This study examines the potential of forgiveness as a coping response for negative peer experiences in early adolescence. Participants were 616 6th through 8th grade students at a middle school (46% girls) who completed self-report measures of bullying and victimization experiences, general coping strategies in response to bullying, social anxiety, self-esteem, and a measure of forgiveness to a self-identified experience of being bullied or hurt by a peer. Forgiveness was positively associated with conflict resolution, advice and support seeking strategies, and negatively associated with revenge seeking. Forgiveness was also positively associated with concurrent self-esteem and negatively associated with social anxiety. Further, forgiveness was related to social anxiety and self-esteem after accounting for bullying behavior and victimization experiences, general coping responses, and gender. Developmental considerations of forgiveness and implications for this response are considered. Copyright © 2012 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. All rights reserved.

Freedom and forgiveness.

PubMed

Cavell, Marcia

2003-06-01

In the history of philosophy and political thought freedom has meant a number of different things. The author considers several of these meanings and their relevance to psychoanalytic theory. The general argument against freedom that has been mounted in the history of thought, and echoed by Freud, is the thesis of causal determinism; but it is urged here that this in itself is no threat to freedom in the sense of the word required for moral agency: a free choice is one that is caused to some extent by reasons and that is relatively unconstrained both by 'external' and 'internal' forces. Yet because agents are embedded in a causal nexus that includes both the physical world and other people, agency and freedom can be compromised in innumerable ways. Neither freedom nor agency is a condition which we absolutely have or lack, but a matter of degree. Psychoanalytic therapy works toward expanding the capacity for agency and diminishing the constraints of certain internal forces. In the sense defined here, objectivity is an attitude that accepts our embeddedness in the world. With objectivity may come both forgiveness and self-forgiveness, which in turn promote agency.

A Q methodological study on Korean nurses' attitudes toward forgiveness.

PubMed

Jo, Kae-Hwa; An, Gyeong-Ju

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceived attitudes of Korean nurses toward forgiveness on the basis of their social and cultural background. Q methodology was used to explore the typology of perceived attitudes. Four types of attitudes toward forgiveness were identified: obstinate, concessive, progressive, and receptive.

Forgiveness and justice: a research agenda for social and personality psychology.

PubMed

Exline, Julie Juola; Worthington, Everett L; Hill, Peter; McCullough, Michael E

2003-01-01

Forgiveness and related constructs (e.g., repentance, mercy, reconciliation) are ripe for study by social and personality psychologists, including those interested in justice. Current trends in social science, law, management, philosophy, and theology suggest a need to expand existing justice frameworks to incorporate alternatives or complements to retribution, including forgiveness and related processes. In this article, we raise five challenging empirical questions about forgiveness. For each question, we briefly review representative research, raise hypotheses, and suggest specific ways in which social and personality psychologists could make distinctive contributions.

Let me hear of your mercy in the mourning: forgiveness, grief, and continuing bonds.

PubMed

Gassin, Elizabeth A; Lengel, Gregory J

2014-01-01

Clarity about the utility of continuing bonds (CB) continues to be evasive in the research. In 2 different correlational studies, the authors explored the relationship between CB and 2 other variables: 1 representing mental health (forgiveness of the deceased) and the other representing psychological distress (prolonged grief). Although researchers have addressed the latter relationship in the literature, assessing the relationship between CB and forgiveness has not been undertaken. Results suggest that forgiveness in general, and affective aspects of forgiveness in particular, predict psychological forms of CB. Results related to grief depended on how CB was assessed. These findings provide evidence of the relative health of certain types of relationship with deceased persons and also suggest that forgiveness interventions may be a way of promoting such healthy bonds.

Using Making Peace with Your Past in Forgiveness and Reconciliation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Tracey M.

2011-01-01

The purpose of this dissertation was to assess the effectiveness of a faith-based curriculum to promote forgiveness. A psycho-educational curriculum entitled "Making Peace With Your Past: Help for Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families" (Sledge, 1992) was offered to a 12-week mixed group in order to promote forgiveness and the desire…

Forgiveness and the appraisal-coping process in response to relationship conflicts: implications for depressive symptoms.

PubMed

Ysseldyk, Renate; Matheson, Kimberly; Anisman, Hymie

2009-03-01

The present investigation assessed the mediating role of appraisal-coping processes in the relation between forgiveness and depressive symptoms associated with intimate relationship conflicts. Study 1 assessed the role of forgiveness in the context of a severe relationship stressor, namely women experiencing dating abuse, along with the appraisal-coping responses and depressive symptoms associated with such a stressor. Study 2 evaluated the function served by forgiveness among men and women in response to non-abusive relationship stressors, including the dissolution of the relationship, and also assessed the relations among forgiveness, appraisal-coping processes, and depressive symptoms. Women who encountered dating abuse were less likely to forgive their partners, and this was linked to higher levels of depressive symptoms. The relation between forgiveness and lower depressive symptoms was partially mediated by lower threat appraisals, secondary appraisals of the effectiveness of emotion-focused coping, and the reduced endorsements of this coping strategy (Study 1). Appraisal-coping processes similarly mediated the relation between forgiveness and depressive symptoms among men and women reporting conflict in an ongoing (non-abusive) relationship or a relationship break-up (Study 2). It is suggested that the relation between forgiveness and diminished distress operates primarily by guiding individuals' appraisals of the conflict and by diminishing the reliance on emotion-focused coping.

Impediments to forgiveness: Victim and transgressor attributions of intent and guilt.

PubMed

Adams, Gabrielle S; Inesi, M Ena

2016-12-01

We investigate the possibility that victims and transgressors are predictably miscalibrated in their interpretation of a transgression, and that this has important implications for the process of forgiveness. Across 5 studies, we find that victims underestimate how much transgressors desire forgiveness. This is driven by a 2-part mediating mechanism: First, victims are more likely than transgressors to see the transgression as intentional, and second, this causes victims to believe transgressors feel less guilty than transgressors report feeling. Ultimately, this chain of asymmetries stymies the processes of forgiveness because victims tend to withhold forgiveness from those who actually desire it. The predicted effect emerged in the context of scenario studies (Studies 3 and 5), a real transgression that occurred in the lab (Study 4), transgressions from participants' pasts (Study 1), and transgressions from the same day (Study 2). In Study 4, we describe a new procedure in which 1 participant commits a real transgression against another participant, providing an effective means for researchers to study real-time transgressions from the perspective of both parties involved. Furthermore, in Study 5, we found that when victims were encouraged to empathize with the transgressor, the asymmetries were attenuated, suggesting a means of overcoming this impediment to forgiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

34 CFR 682.211 - Forbearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... disability; (6) Upon receipt of a valid identity theft report as defined in section 603(q)(4) of the Fair... furnished by the lender is a result of an alleged identity theft as defined in § 682.402(e)(14), for a... requirements of the teacher loan forgiveness program in § 682.216; and (iii) In yearly increments (or a lesser...

Self-Punishment Promotes Forgiveness in the Direct and Indirect Reciprocity Contexts.

PubMed

Zhu, Ruida; Shen, Xueyi; Tang, Honghong; Ye, Peixia; Wang, Huagen; Mai, Xiaoqin; Liu, Chao

2017-06-01

Most previous studies regarding self-punishment have focused on the correlation between moral emotion and self-punishment. Only a few studies have attempted to understand self-punishment from the perspective of seeking forgiveness, and no study has yet directly tested whether wrongdoers' self-punishment promotes others to forgive the wrongdoers. In three studies, the participants judged the wrongdoers' self-punishment behaviors following an unfair allocation and reported the extent to which they forgave the wrongdoers. The results demonstrated that self-punishment did promote forgiveness in both the direct (Studies 1 and 2) and indirect reciprocity (Study 3) contexts. Consistent with costly signaling theory, the costlier the self-punishment was, the stronger the effect it had on forgiveness. Moreover, communicative self-punishment had a better effect than silent self-punishment when the cost was relatively high in the direct-reciprocity studies. These findings can guide us regarding how to address a damaged relationship via self-punishment when compensation is not feasible or acceptable.

Forgiveness as an HRD Intervention: The Literature and a Proposed Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madsen, Susan R.; Gygi, Janice; Hammond, Scott C.; Plowman, Suzanne

2008-01-01

The purpose of this review is to explore the literature related to interpersonal forgiveness in organizations and its possible implications for HRD (human resource development) theory and practice. It defines forgiveness and provides a theoretical framework for its consideration within the workplace environment. It also reviews and discusses the…

Understanding the Relationship Between State Forgiveness and Psychological Wellbeing: A Qualitative Study.

PubMed

Akhtar, Sadaf; Dolan, Alan; Barlow, Jane

2017-04-01

Over the last 20 years, increasing attention has been given to associations between dispositional forgiveness and specific mental health problems. However, few studies have assessed whether forgiving real-life interpersonal hurts may be related to diverse psychological health outcomes. The present study addresses this gap by investigating, in depth, relationships between perceptions about state forgiveness and a variety of mental wellbeing outcomes as well as exploring perceptions about the factors that may modify such effects. Developing an understanding of a forgiveness wellbeing relationship is of relevance to healthcare workers, researchers and policy makers with an interest in improving public health. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analysed using grounded theory methods. From England and Ireland, eleven adults who were affiliated with religious/spiritual and secular/atheist groups were recruited using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Key themes that appeared to be related to the effects of unforgiveness were: increases in negative affect; reduction in cognitive abilities and barriers to psychological and social growth. For the majority of participants, state forgiveness had strong ties to participants perceived sense of mental wellbeing, including reductions in negative affect, feeling positive emotions, positive relations with others, spiritual growth, a sense of meaning and purpose in life as well as a greater sense of empowerment. The data also revealed a number of factors that may positively or negatively influence a forgiveness-wellbeing link such as: viewing an offender as spiritually similar or different, responsibility/karma, blaming, wanting restitution/apology as well as practices such as meditation and prayer. The findings suggest that forgiving a range of real-life interpersonal offences may be an important determinant of psychological wellbeing, particularly among religious/spiritual populations

Forgiving Loans of Those in Public Service Grows Popular, but Programs Are Unproven

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Field, Kelly

2007-01-01

As the cost of college continues to rise, more and more graduates are entering public-service careers like nursing, teaching, and social work with unmanageable levels of student debt. Many will struggle to repay their student loans while meeting their own basic needs. While some debts can be manageable for lawyers at private firms, it can be a…

Neural correlates of receiving an apology and active forgiveness: an FMRI study.

PubMed

Strang, Sabrina; Utikal, Verena; Fischbacher, Urs; Weber, Bernd; Falk, Armin

2014-01-01

Interpersonal conflicts are a common element of many social relationships. One possible process in rebuilding social relationships is the act of apologizing. Behavioral studies have shown that apologies promote forgiveness. However, the neural bases of receiving an apology and forgiveness are still unknown. Hence, the aim of the present fMRI study was to investigate brain processes involved in receiving an apology and active forgiveness of an ambiguous offense. We asked one group of participants (player A) to make decisions, which were either positive or negative for another group of participants (player B). The intention of player A was ambiguous to player B. In case of a negative impact, participants in the role of player A could send an apology message to participants in the role of player B. Subsequently players B were asked whether they wanted to forgive player A for making a decision with negative consequences. We found that receiving an apology yielded activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, and left angular gyrus. In line with previous research we found that forgiving judgments activated the right angular gyrus.

Trauma, forgiveness and the witnessing dance: making public spaces intimate.

PubMed

Gobodo-Madikizela, Pumla

2008-04-01

In this paper I explore the concept of forgiveness as a response to gross human rights violations. I present a conceptual examination of the effects of massive trauma in relation to what I refer to as the 'unfinished business' of trauma. Using a psychoanalytic framework, I consider the process of 'bearing witness' about trauma and examine how this process opens up the possibility of reciprocal expressions of empathy between victim and perpetrator. I then argue that, in this context of trauma testimony and witnessing, empathy is essential for the development of remorse on the part of perpetrators, and of forgiveness on the part of victims. Using a case study from South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) I clarify the relationship between empathy and forgiveness, and show how the restorative model of the TRC can open up an ethical space and create the possibility of transformation for victims, perpetrators and bystanders. In my conclusion I suggest that forgiveness in politics is the only action that holds promise for the repair of brokenness in post-conflict societies, particularly if, as in South Africa, victims have to live together with perpetrators and beneficiaries in the same country.

Positive emotional change: mediating effects of forgiveness and spirituality.

PubMed

Levenson, Michael R; Aldwin, Carolyn M; Yancura, Loriena

2006-01-01

We evaluated the efficacy of an emotional education program that seeks to reduce the intergenerational transmission of negative interaction patterns by increasing forgiveness and spirituality. We examined both reduction of psychological symptoms and increase in positive psychological outcomes over the course of a year, as well as the mediators of this change. At baseline, the sample consisted of 99 participants and 47 waiting list controls. Comparisons of scores from baseline (Time 1) to one week after the Hoffman Quadrinity Process (Time 2) showed large declines in negative affect (depressive symptoms) and increases in both positive outcomes (mastery, empathy, emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, forgiveness, and spiritual experience) and health and well-being. Over the course of a year, most of these gains were sustained, in comparison with the control group. Further, increases in forgiveness and spirituality mediated the effect of program participation on depressive symptoms.

The construction of a model of the process of couples' forgiveness in emotion-focused therapy for couples.

PubMed

Meneses, Catalina Woldarsky; Greenberg, Leslie S

2011-10-01

This study explored how forgiveness unfolds in the context of emotion-focused couples therapy (EFT-C) in eight cases of women betrayed by their partners. Forgiveness was defined as a process involving the reduction in negative feelings and the giving out of undeserved compassion. This was measured by changes in the pre- and posttreatment scores on the Enright Forgiveness Inventory, the Unfinished Business Resolution Scale, and a single item directly asking respondents to indicate their degree of forgiveness. A task analysis was performed to rigorously track the steps leading to forgiveness using videotapes of therapy sessions for eight couples. The performance of the four couples who forgave were compared with each other and then contrasted with the performance of another four couples who did not reach forgiveness at the end of therapy. Based on these observations, a model of the process of forgiveness in EFT-C and a process rating system were developed. © 2011 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.

Struggling With Adversities of Life: The Role of Forgiveness in Patients Suffering from Fibromyalgia.

PubMed

Offenbaecher, Martin; Dezutter, Jessie; Kohls, Niko; Sigl, Claudia; Vallejo, Miguel A; Rivera, Javier; Bauerdorf, Felix; Schelling, Jörg; Vincent, Ann; Hirsch, Jameson K; Sirois, Fuschia M; Webb, Jon R; Toussaint, Loren L

2017-06-01

We compared the magnitude and direction of associations between forgiveness and pain, mental and physical health, quality of life, and anger in a sample of fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) participants and healthy controls. In addition, we compared FM and controls on mean levels of these variables. A total of 173 individuals with FM and 81 controls completed this study. FM participants and controls were residents of Germany recruited with the support of the German Fibromyalgia Patient Association and several self-help groups. FM participants and controls were about 53 years of age, mostly married (70%), Christians (81%), with levels of education ranging from 9 to 13+ years. All participants completed assessments of forgiveness, pain, health, quality of life, and anger. Analyses revealed that FM participants reported higher pain and anger and poorer health and quality of life. FM participants also reported lower levels of both forgiveness of self and others. Size and direction of associations of forgiveness with pain, health, quality of life, and anger in were not significantly different between healthy individuals and individuals with FM. Forgiveness of self and others is beneficially associated with pain, health, quality of life, and anger in FM participants at levels that are of similar size and direction as in healthy controls. However, FM participants manifest lower levels of forgiveness of self and others. Therapeutic promotion of forgiveness as a psychosocial coping strategy may help patients with FM to better manage psychological and physical symptoms, thereby enhancing well-being.

Forgiveness and Consideration of Future Consequences in Aggressive Driving

PubMed Central

Moore, Michael; Dahlen, Eric R.

2008-01-01

Most research on aggressive driving has focused on identifying aspects of driver personality which will exacerbate it (e.g., sensation seeking, impulsiveness, driving anger, etc.). The present study was designed to examine two theoretically relevant but previously unexplored personality factors predicted to reduce the risk of aggressive driving: trait forgiveness and consideration of future consequences. The utility of these variables in predicting aggressive driving and driving anger expression was evaluated among 316 college student volunteers. Hierarchical multiple regressions permitted an analysis of the incremental validity of these constructs beyond respondent gender, age, miles driven per week, and driving anger. Both forgiveness and consideration of future consequences contributed to the prediction of aggressive driving and driving anger expression, independent of driving anger. Research on aggressive driving may be enhanced by greater attention to adaptive, potentially risk-reducing traits. Moreover, forgiveness and consideration of future consequences may have implications for accident prevention. PMID:18760093

Unbearable Burden? Living and Paying Student Loans as a First-Year Teacher. Policy Analysis. No. 629

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCluskey, Neal

2008-01-01

It is widely believed that starting public school teacher salaries are too low, and student loan burdens are too high. If true, everyone could be facing a situation in which recent college graduates cannot afford to go into teaching because they will be unable to repay their college debts. Public policies are already being formulated on the basis…

Neural Correlates of Receiving an Apology and Active Forgiveness: An fMRI Study

PubMed Central

Strang, Sabrina; Utikal, Verena; Fischbacher, Urs; Weber, Bernd; Falk, Armin

2014-01-01

Interpersonal conflicts are a common element of many social relationships. One possible process in rebuilding social relationships is the act of apologizing. Behavioral studies have shown that apologies promote forgiveness. However, the neural bases of receiving an apology and forgiveness are still unknown. Hence, the aim of the present fMRI study was to investigate brain processes involved in receiving an apology and active forgiveness of an ambiguous offense. We asked one group of participants (player A) to make decisions, which were either positive or negative for another group of participants (player B). The intention of player A was ambiguous to player B. In case of a negative impact, participants in the role of player A could send an apology message to participants in the role of player B. Subsequently players B were asked whether they wanted to forgive player A for making a decision with negative consequences. We found that receiving an apology yielded activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left middle temporal gyrus, and left angular gyrus. In line with previous research we found that forgiving judgments activated the right angular gyrus. PMID:24505303

Buried hatchets, marked locations: Forgiveness, everyday racial discrimination, and African-American men’s depressive symptomatology

PubMed Central

Powell, Wizdom; Banks, Kira Hudson; Mattis, Jacqueline S.

2016-01-01

Everyday racial discrimination (ERD) is linked to pronounced depressive symptomatology among African-American men. Yet, many African-American men do not experience depressive symptoms following ERD exposure often because they employ positive coping strategies that offset its effects. Granting forgiveness is one coping strategy associated with less depression. However, extant findings about the mental health benefits of forgiveness are somewhat mixed and pay scarce attention to offenses which are fleeting, historically rooted, and committed outside of close personal relationships. Evidence further suggest age-related differences in forgiveness, ERD exposure, and depressive symptoms. We explore the extent to which three strategies of granting forgiveness of ERD—letting go of negative emotion (negative release), embracing positive emotion (positive embrace), or combining both (combined)— are associated with less depressive symptomatology in 674 African-American men (ages 18-79). Building on past findings, we also test whether these forgiveness strategies moderate the ERD-depressive symptoms relationship for men in different age groups (18-25, 26-39, 40). Higher combined and negative release forgiveness were directly related to lower depressive symptoms among 18-25 year-olds. We also detected a less pronounced positive relationship between ERD and depressive symptoms among men reporting high levels of combined (18-25 and 26-39 groups) and negative release (26-39 and 40+ groups) forgiveness. We observed a more pronounced positive ERD-depressive symptoms relationship among 18-25 and 26-39 year-olds reporting lower forgiveness. When faced with frequent ERD, younger African-American men may have the most difficult time burying hatchets without marking their location but experience more positive mental health benefits when they do. PMID:27786503

Apology and forgiveness evolve to resolve failures in cooperative agreements.

PubMed

Martinez-Vaquero, Luis A; Han, The Anh; Pereira, Luís Moniz; Lenaerts, Tom

2015-06-09

Making agreements on how to behave has been shown to be an evolutionarily viable strategy in one-shot social dilemmas. However, in many situations agreements aim to establish long-term mutually beneficial interactions. Our analytical and numerical results reveal for the first time under which conditions revenge, apology and forgiveness can evolve and deal with mistakes within ongoing agreements in the context of the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma. We show that, when the agreement fails, participants prefer to take revenge by defecting in the subsisting encounters. Incorporating costly apology and forgiveness reveals that, even when mistakes are frequent, there exists a sincerity threshold for which mistakes will not lead to the destruction of the agreement, inducing even higher levels of cooperation. In short, even when to err is human, revenge, apology and forgiveness are evolutionarily viable strategies which play an important role in inducing cooperation in repeated dilemmas.

Apology and forgiveness evolve to resolve failures in cooperative agreements

PubMed Central

Martinez-Vaquero, Luis A.; Han, The Anh; Pereira, Luís Moniz; Lenaerts, Tom

2015-01-01

Making agreements on how to behave has been shown to be an evolutionarily viable strategy in one-shot social dilemmas. However, in many situations agreements aim to establish long-term mutually beneficial interactions. Our analytical and numerical results reveal for the first time under which conditions revenge, apology and forgiveness can evolve and deal with mistakes within ongoing agreements in the context of the Iterated Prisoners Dilemma. We show that, when the agreement fails, participants prefer to take revenge by defecting in the subsisting encounters. Incorporating costly apology and forgiveness reveals that, even when mistakes are frequent, there exists a sincerity threshold for which mistakes will not lead to the destruction of the agreement, inducing even higher levels of cooperation. In short, even when to err is human, revenge, apology and forgiveness are evolutionarily viable strategies which play an important role in inducing cooperation in repeated dilemmas. PMID:26057819

Forgiveness: Letting Go of Grudges and Bitterness

MedlinePlus

... Forgiveness can even lead to feelings of understanding, empathy and compassion for the one who hurt you. ... admit wrong. If you find yourself stuck: Practice empathy. Try seeing the situation from the other person's ...

Effects of lifetime stress exposure on mental and physical health in young adulthood: How stress degrades and forgiveness protects health.

PubMed

Toussaint, Loren; Shields, Grant S; Dorn, Gabriel; Slavich, George M

2016-06-01

To examine risk and resilience factors that affect health, lifetime stress exposure histories, dispositional forgiveness levels, and mental and physical health were assessed in 148 young adults. Greater lifetime stress severity and lower levels of forgiveness each uniquely predicted worse mental and physical health. Analyses also revealed a graded Stress × Forgiveness interaction effect, wherein associations between stress and mental health were weaker for persons exhibiting more forgiveness. These data are the first to elucidate the interactive effects of cumulative stress severity and forgiveness on health, and suggest that developing a more forgiving coping style may help minimize stress-related disorders. © The Author(s) 2014.

Assessing the relationships among race, religion, humility, and self-forgiveness: A longitudinal investigation.

PubMed

Krause, Neal

2015-06-01

Social and behavioral scientists have shown a growing interest in the study of virtues due, in part, to the influence of positive psychology. The underlying premise in this research is that adopting key virtues promotes a better quality of life. Consistent with this orientation, the purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between humility and self-forgiveness over time. The analyses are organized around three issues. First, it is proposed that older Blacks will be more humble than older Whites and older Blacks will be more likely to forgive themselves than older Whites. Second, it is hypothesized that, over time, more humble older people are more likely to forgive themselves than individuals who are less humble. Third, it is proposed that greater involvement in religion is associated with greater humility and greater self-forgiveness. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey of older adults provides support for all these hypotheses. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Effect of Religious Belief and Forgiveness on Coping with Diabetes.

PubMed

Yazla, Ece; Karadere, Mehmet Emrah; Küçükler, Ferit Kerim; Karşıdağ, Çağatay; İnanç, Leman; Kankoç, Elif; Dönertaş, Melda; Demir, Emre

2018-06-01

We aimed to investigate the relationship of religious beliefs and forgiveness in diabetic patients with various sociodemographic characteristics, emotional problems and glycaemic control. The study comprises 100 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM. We used a data collection form, the Scale of Forgiveness and Religiosity (SFR), Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL). We also recorded blood glucose and HbA1c test results. A statistically significant relationship was determined only between the scores of the STAI-I and the religious belief scales (r = 0.198, p = 0.049). A statistically significant negative relationship was determined between the forgiveness scale points and the BDI (r = 0.326, p = 0.001), the STAI-II (r = 0.308, p = 0.002) and PAID (r = 0.313, p = 0.001) and a positive correlation with ADDQoL (r = 0.284, p = 0.004). To conclude, forgiveness by patient himself or others reduced the emotional problems which were experienced related to diabetes by reducing stress levels and could increase quality of life.

34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... cancellation—Defense loans. (a) Cancellation for full-time teaching. (1) An institution shall cancel up to 50 percent of the outstanding balance on a borrower's Defense loan for full-time teaching in— (i) A public or... of qualifying service, for each complete year, or its equivalent, of teaching. (b) Cancellation for...

34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... cancellation—Defense loans. (a) Cancellation for full-time teaching. (1) An institution shall cancel up to 50 percent of the outstanding balance on a borrower's Defense loan for full-time teaching in— (i) A public or... of qualifying service, for each complete year, or its equivalent, of teaching. (b) Cancellation for...

34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... cancellation—Defense loans. (a) Cancellation for full-time teaching. (1) An institution shall cancel up to 50 percent of the outstanding balance on a borrower's Defense loan for full-time teaching in— (i) A public or... of qualifying service, for each complete year, or its equivalent, of teaching. (b) Cancellation for...

Effective Access Management of Reserve and Normal Loan Materials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leung, Yau-Ching

2010-01-01

Books are traditionally set aside at the request of teachers from the main, normal loan collection to be put on reserve temporarily for checking out for a much shorter loan period to ensure that, at the expense of convenient, long-term loans for other users, all the students enrolled in a course have an opportunity to use them. Many studies have…

Acting on social exclusion: neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of excluders

PubMed Central

Crone, Eveline A.; Güroğlu, Berna

2015-01-01

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of initiators of social exclusion (i.e. ‘excluders’). Participants divided money in a modified Dictator Game between themselves and people who previously either included or excluded them during a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball). Participants selectively punished the excluders by decreasing their outcomes; even when this required participants to give up monetary rewards. Punishment of excluders was associated with increased activation in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and bilateral anterior insula. Costly punishment was accompanied by higher activity in the pre-SMA compared with punishment that resulted in gains or was non-costly. Refraining from punishment (i.e. forgiveness) was associated with self-reported perspective-taking and increased activation in the bilateral temporoparietal junction, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings show that social exclusion can result in punishment as well as forgiveness of excluders and that separable neural networks implicated in social cognition and cognitive control are recruited when people choose either to punish or to forgive those who excluded them. PMID:24652858

Public, Private, and Home School Children's Views of Forgiveness and Retribution in "Cinderella."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knafle, June D.; Wescott, Alice Legenza

Fifth Graders (N=626) from public, Catholic, Christian, and home schools reacted to values of forgiveness versus retribution in the two main versions of "Cinderella" by choosing which ending they preferred for themselves, for a 4-year old sister, and for a 4-year old brother. Girls preferred the forgiveness ending for themselves…

The influence of forgiveness and apology on cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in response to mental stress.

PubMed

Whited, Matthew C; Wheat, Amanda L; Larkin, Kevin T

2010-08-01

To investigate the relation between forgiveness and apology as they relate to cardiovascular reactivity and recovery, 29 men and 50 women were exposed to an interpersonal transgression (i.e., verbal harassment) while performing a serial subtraction task. Participants were categorized into high and low forgiveness groups based on scores on the forgiving personality scale. Following the task, approximately half of the participants received an apology from the experimenter for his/her comments during the task. Although no group differences in cardiovascular reactivity were observed during the serial subtraction task, persons high in forgiveness displayed more rapid diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure recovery than persons low in forgiveness. In response to the apology, participants displayed greater high frequency heart rate variability recovery compared to those who did not receive an apology. A significant apology x sex interaction was observed for diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure. Women who received an apology exhibited faster recovery from the transgression than women who did not receive an apology. In contrast, men who received an apology exhibited delayed recovery from the transgression compared to men who did not receive an apology. These results indicate that there are potentially healthful benefits to forgiveness and apology, but the relation is influenced by situation and by sex.

The Road to Forgiveness: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis of Its Situational and Dispositional Correlates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fehr, Ryan; Gelfand, Michele J.; Nag, Monisha

2010-01-01

Forgiveness has received widespread attention among psychologists from social, personality, clinical, developmental, and organizational perspectives alike. Despite great progress, the forgiveness literature has witnessed few attempts at empirical integration. Toward this end, we meta-analyze results from 175 studies and 26,006 participants to…

Two pathways to self-forgiveness: A hedonic path via self-compassion and a eudaimonic path via the reaffirmation of violated values.

PubMed

Woodyatt, Lydia; Wenzel, Michael; Ferber, Matthew

2017-09-01

Self-forgiveness is often measured as a hedonic end-state, as the presence of positive affect and the absence of negative affect towards the self following a wrongdoing. However, self-forgiveness is also referred to as a difficult process. Self-forgiveness as a process of accepting responsibility and working through one's wrongdoing is a substantially un-hedonic - it is likely to be uncomfortable and at times painful. In this study, we examine two pathways to self-forgiveness: a hedonic focused pathway (via self-compassion) and a eudaimonic pathway (via reaffirmation of transgressed values). Across two studies, the data suggest that following interpersonal transgressions, self-compassion reduces self-punitiveness and increases end-state self-forgiveness (Study 1) via a reduction in perceived stigma (Study 2). In contrast, value reaffirmation increases the process of genuine self-forgiveness and reduces defensiveness (Study 1) via increased concern for shared group values (Study 2), in turn increasing desire to reconcile (Study 1), and amend-making and end-state self-forgiveness 1 week following the intervention (Study 2). The results suggest that both pathways can lead to self-forgiveness; however, following a transgression, self-forgiveness via a eudaimonic pathway offers greater promise for meeting the needs of both offenders and victims. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.

Acting on social exclusion: neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of excluders.

PubMed

Will, Geert-Jan; Crone, Eveline A; Güroğlu, Berna

2015-02-01

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of punishment and forgiveness of initiators of social exclusion (i.e. 'excluders'). Participants divided money in a modified Dictator Game between themselves and people who previously either included or excluded them during a virtual ball-tossing game (Cyberball). Participants selectively punished the excluders by decreasing their outcomes; even when this required participants to give up monetary rewards. Punishment of excluders was associated with increased activation in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and bilateral anterior insula. Costly punishment was accompanied by higher activity in the pre-SMA compared with punishment that resulted in gains or was non-costly. Refraining from punishment (i.e. forgiveness) was associated with self-reported perspective-taking and increased activation in the bilateral temporoparietal junction, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These findings show that social exclusion can result in punishment as well as forgiveness of excluders and that separable neural networks implicated in social cognition and cognitive control are recruited when people choose either to punish or to forgive those who excluded them. © The Author (2014). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Belief in the malleability of groups strengthens the tenuous link between a collective apology and intergroup forgiveness.

PubMed

Wohl, Michael J A; Cohen-Chen, Smadar; Halperin, Eran; Caouette, Julie; Hayes, Nicole; Hornsey, Matthew J

2015-05-01

Although it is widely assumed that collective apologies for intergroup harms facilitate forgiveness, evidence for a strong link between the two remains elusive. In four studies we tested the proposition that the apology-forgiveness link exists, but only among people who hold an implicit belief that groups can change. In Studies 1 and 2, perceived group malleability (measured and manipulated, respectively) moderated the responses to an apology by Palestinian leadership toward Israelis: Positive responses such as forgiveness increased with greater belief in group malleability. In Study 3, university students who believed in group malleability were more forgiving of a rival university's derogatory comments in the presence (as opposed to the absence) of an apology. In Study 4, perceived perpetrator group remorse mediated the moderating effect of group malleability on the apology-forgiveness link (assessed in the context of a corporate transgression). Implications for collective apologies and movement toward reconciliation are discussed. © 2015 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.

Prospective Associations between Religiousness/Spirituality and Depression and Mediating Effects of Forgiveness in a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Adults.

PubMed

Toussaint, Loren L; Marschall, Justin C; Williams, David R

2012-01-01

The present investigation examines the prospective associations of religiousness/spirituality with depression and the extent to which various dimensions of forgiveness act as mediating mechanisms of these associations. Data are from a nationally representative sample of United States adults who were first interviewed in 1998 and reinterviewed six months later. Measures of religiousness/spirituality, forgiveness, and various sociodemographics were collected. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview administered by trained interviewers. Results showed that religiousness/spirituality, forgiveness of oneself and others, and feeling forgiven by God were associated, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with depressive status. After controlling for initial depressive status, only forgiveness of oneself and others remained statistically significant predictors of depression. Path analyses revealed that religiousness/spirituality conveyed protective effects, prospectively, on depression by way of an indirect path through forgiveness of others but not forgiveness of oneself. Hence, forgiveness of others acts as a mechanism of the salutary effect of religiousness/spirituality, but forgiveness of oneself is an independent predictor. Conclusions regarding the continued development of this type of research and for the treatment of clients with depression are offered.

Prospective Associations between Religiousness/Spirituality and Depression and Mediating Effects of Forgiveness in a Nationally Representative Sample of United States Adults

PubMed Central

Toussaint, Loren L.; Marschall, Justin C.; Williams, David R.

2012-01-01

The present investigation examines the prospective associations of religiousness/spirituality with depression and the extent to which various dimensions of forgiveness act as mediating mechanisms of these associations. Data are from a nationally representative sample of United States adults who were first interviewed in 1998 and reinterviewed six months later. Measures of religiousness/spirituality, forgiveness, and various sociodemographics were collected. Depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview administered by trained interviewers. Results showed that religiousness/spirituality, forgiveness of oneself and others, and feeling forgiven by God were associated, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with depressive status. After controlling for initial depressive status, only forgiveness of oneself and others remained statistically significant predictors of depression. Path analyses revealed that religiousness/spirituality conveyed protective effects, prospectively, on depression by way of an indirect path through forgiveness of others but not forgiveness of oneself. Hence, forgiveness of others acts as a mechanism of the salutary effect of religiousness/spirituality, but forgiveness of oneself is an independent predictor. Conclusions regarding the continued development of this type of research and for the treatment of clients with depression are offered. PMID:22675623

Understanding the relationship between domestic abuse and suicide behavior in adults receiving primary care: does forgiveness matter?

PubMed

Chang, Edward C; Kahle, Emma R; Yu, Elizabeth A; Hirsch, Jameson K

2014-10-01

This study examined the interrelation of domestic abuse, forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and suicide behavior in a community sample of 101 patients receiving primary care from a clinic in the southeastern United States. As expected, it was found that more frequent experience of domestic abuse was associated with more frequent suicide behavior. Results from conducting mediation analyses and using bootstrapping techniques provided support for a model in which the relationship between domestic abuse and suicide behavior was accounted for by forgiveness of self, but not by forgiveness of others. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the implications of the present findings for practice and the study's limitations.

The effects of brief prayer on the experience of forgiveness: An American and Indian comparison.

PubMed

Toussaint, Loren; Kamble, Shanmukh; Marschall, Justin C; Duggi, Deepti B

2016-08-01

The present study offers a cross-cultural examination of the effect of prayer on forgiveness. American (n = 51) and Indian (n = 100) participants either prayed for their romantic partner (prayer condition) or described their romantic partner's physical attributes (control condition). Prayers were self-guided and lasted 3 minutes. Pre-test and post-test measures of retaliation were completed. Results showed that participants in the prayer group showed statistically significant decreases in retaliation motives from pre-test to post-test and the magnitude of this change was not different across cultures. Control groups in both cultures showed no change. Because of the religious diversity present in the Indian sample, the robustness of the effect of prayer on forgiveness was tested across Christian, Hindu and Muslim Indians. Religious affiliation did not moderate the effect of prayer on forgiveness in this sample. Results suggest that a brief prayer is capable of producing real change in forgiveness and this change is consistent across American and Indian cultures and across three different religious groups in India. Brief prayer for others that enhances forgiveness may be useful for individuals in close relationships, in certain counselling settings and for people in many different walks of life. © 2015 International Union of Psychological Science.

Assessing the Relationships Among Forgiveness by God, God Images, and Death Anxiety.

PubMed

Krause, Neal; Hill, Peter C

2018-01-01

Previous research suggests that people who feel forgiven by God may experience lower levels of death anxiety. The purpose of the current study is to contribute to this work by assessing whether the relationship between forgiveness by God and death anxiety varies according to how people view God. Three images of God are assessed: a pantheistic view of God, a theistic view of God, and a deistic view of God. Data from nationwide survey that was conducted in 2014 ( N = 2,650) suggest that the relationship between forgiveness by God and death anxiety is strongest among people with a theistic view of God, significantly weaker among people with a pantheistic view of God, and not significant among individuals with a deistic view of God. The findings point to the importance of taking views of God into account when assessing the relationship between forgiveness by God and death anxiety.

Forgiveness, Attachment to God, and Mental Health Outcomes in Older U.S. Adults: A Longitudinal Study.

PubMed

Kent, Blake Victor; Bradshaw, Matt; Uecker, Jeremy E

2018-06-01

We analyze a sample of older U.S. adults with religious backgrounds in order to examine the relationships among two types of divine forgiveness and three indicators of psychological well-being (PWB) as well as the moderating role of attachment to God. Results suggest that (a) feeling forgiven by God and transactional forgiveness from God are not associated with changes in PWB over time, (b) secure attachment to God at baseline is associated with increased optimism and self-esteem, (c) feeling forgiven by God and transactional forgiveness from God are more strongly associated with increased PWB among the securely attached, and (d) among the avoidantly attached, PWB is associated with consistency in one's beliefs, that is, a decreased emphasis on forgiveness from God. Findings underscore the importance of subjective beliefs about God in the lives of many older adults in the United States.

Comparison of attitudes of guilt and forgiveness in cancer patients without evidence of disease and advanced cancer patients in a palliative care setting.

PubMed

van Laarhoven, Hanneke W M; Schilderman, Johannes; Verhagen, Constans A H H V M; Prins, Judith B

2012-01-01

: Attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness may be important factors determining distress in cancer patients. Direct comparative studies in patients with different life expectancies exploring attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness are lacking. Also, sociodemographic and religious characteristics determining the attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness are unknown. : The objective of this study was to compare attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness in cancer patients without evidence of disease and advanced cancer patients. : A descriptive research design was used. Ninety-seven patients without evidence of disease and 55 advanced cancer patients filled out the Dutch Guilt Measurement Instrument and the Forgiveness of Others Scale. : Both groups had an attitude of nonreligious guilt and forgiveness, but not of religious guilt. No significant differences in attitudes toward guilt and forgiveness were observed between the 2 groups. In contrast to sociodemographic characteristics, religious characteristics were relevant predictors for guilt and forgiveness. Significant differences in relations between images of God and attitudes toward guilt were observed between the 2 patient groups. : An attitude of nonreligious guilt and forgiveness was found in cancer patients, irrespective of the stage of disease. Religious characteristics were significantly associated with attitudes of guilt and forgiveness. This correlation differed in the early and the advanced setting of disease. : The observed relations between religious characteristics and attitudes of guilt and forgiveness suggest that a careful examination of the role of religious beliefs and values is relevant in the clinical care of patients with cancer, both in the setting of early and advanced disease.

The Mediating and Moderating Role of Subjective Happiness in the Relationship between Vengeance and Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uysal, Recep; Satici, Seydi Ahmet

2014-01-01

The primary goal of the current study was to investigate the mediator and moderator effects of subjective happiness on the relationship between forgiveness and vengeance in Turkish university students. A questionnaire containing the Turkish version of Vengeance Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, and Forgiveness Scale were completed by 298…

Dispositional Forgiveness as a Predictor of Psychological Resilience among Women: A Sign of Mental Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abid, Momina; Sultan, Sarwat

2015-01-01

Mental health includes several components of living a healthy life such as one's ability to enjoy life and to cope with stresses. Forgiveness is also one path to mental health. Present study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship of dispositional forgiveness with psychological resilience and to explore the role of marital status in…

The Impact of a Forgiveness Intervention with Hong Kong Chinese Children Hurt in Interpersonal Relationships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hui, Eadaoin K. P.; Chau, Tat Sing

2009-01-01

This study investigated the effects of a small group process-based forgiveness intervention with Hong Kong Chinese children who judged themselves to have been hurt and chose not to forgive their offenders. An experimental versus control group, with pre-test/post-test design was used. The quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that the…

What bridges the gap between self-harm and suicidality? The role of forgiveness, resilience and attachment.

PubMed

Nagra, Gurmokh S; Lin, Ashleigh; Upthegrove, Rachel

2016-07-30

Self-harm is the most robust risk for completed suicide. There is a lack of understanding of why some people who self-harm escalate to suicidal behaviour when others do not. Psychological factors such as attachment, self-forgiveness and self-appraisal may be important. To determine whether factors from the Interpersonal Theory and Schematic Appraisals models are useful to identify suicidal behaviour in populations that self-harm. Specifically we investigate whether resilience factors of secure attachment, self-forgiveness and positive self-appraisals significantly influence suicidality in people who self-harm. A cross-sectional online study of 323 participants recruited from self-harm support forum. Validated self-report measures were used to assess appraisals, relationships, self-forgiveness, attachment style, suicidality and self-harm. Emotion coping and support seeking self-appraisals and self-forgiveness were negatively associated with suicidality in participants with a history of self-harm. Dismissing attachment was positively associated with suicidality. The perceived ability to cope with emotions, the perceived ability to gain support and self-forgiveness may protect against suicide in people who self-harm. Conversely the presence of dismissing attachment may increase the risk of suicidality. Findings provide therapeutic targets to reduce risk of suicidality in this high risk group. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Positive affect, negative affect, stress, and social support as mediators of the forgiveness-health relationship.

PubMed

Green, Michelle; Decourville, Nancy; Sadava, Stanley

2012-01-01

Structural equation modeling was used to test a model in which positive affect, negative affect, perceived stress, and social support were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between forgiveness and mental and physical health. Six hundred and twenty-three undergraduates completed a battery of self-report measures. Results of the analyses indicated that the forgiveness-health relation was mediated by positive affect, negative affect, stress, and the interrelationship between negative affect and stress. There was limited support for social support and the interrelationship between positive affect and social support as mediators. The results suggested that the relationship between forgiveness and health is mediated rather than direct. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Effect of School System and Gender on Moral Values and Forgiveness in Pakistani School Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Javed, Anam; Kausar, Rukhsana; Khan, Nashi

2014-01-01

The present research was conducted to compare children studying in private and public schools in Pakistan on forgiveness and moral values. It was hypothesized that the type of school and gender of the child are likely to affect forgiveness and moral values in children. A sample of 100 children with equal number of girls and boys was recruited from…

Hope, anger, and depression as mediators for forgiveness and social behavior in Turkish children.

PubMed

Taysi, Ebru; Curun, Ferzan; Orcan, Fatih

2015-01-01

This study examined the mediating effects of hope, anger, and depression in the associations between forgiveness and social behavior, in fourth grade students in Turkey. The 352 fourth grade primary school students were involved in the study. The average age was 9.98 and 56.3% were boys. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Children (EFI-C), the Beck Anger Inventory for Youth (BANI-Y), the Children Hope Scale (CHS), the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ), and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) were used. Results showed that depression mediates the relationship between anger and antisocial behavior and between hope and antisocial behavior. Anger mediates the relationship between hope and depression and between hope and antisocial behavior. Forgiveness was related to anger and hope directly. Implications of this study for child counseling were discussed.

"Kinder than the Dickens": Thoughts on Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Showalter, Shirley H.

2007-01-01

The school shootings of October 2006 arrested the world's attention. The contrast of innocence and violence, the mystery of the shooters' motivations, the fact that there were five school shooting in six weeks--all of these were factors, but none can compare to the strength of the families who chose to forgive and their witness under fire. Through…

The association between well-being and the COMT gene: Dispositional gratitude and forgiveness as mediators.

PubMed

Liu, Jinting; Gong, Pingyuan; Gao, Xiaoxue; Zhou, Xiaolin

2017-05-01

Previous studies have demonstrated the contributions of genetic variants and positive psychological traits (e.g. gratitude and forgiveness) to well-being. However, little is known about how genes interact with positive traits to affect well-being. To investigate to what extent the COMT Val158Met polymorphism modulates well-being and to what extent dispositional gratitude and forgiveness mediate the individual differences in well-being, 445 participants were recruited and required to complete a battery of questionnaires. We found that individuals with a smaller number of the Met alleles reported greater well-being, less depressive symptoms, and greater tendencies for gratitude and forgiveness. Moreover, dispositional gratitude and forgiveness mediated the genotype effects on well-being and depressive symptoms. These results remained significant after controlling for non-genetic factors (socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, romantic relationship status, parenting style). The sample size limits the generalizability of results. This study demonstrates the contribution of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism to individual differences in well-being and suggests a potential psychobiological pathway from dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems to happiness. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The relationship between forgiveness, spirituality, traumatic guilt and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among people with addiction.

PubMed

Langman, Louise; Chung, Man Cheung

2013-03-01

Spirituality and forgiveness have been shown to be associated with psychological well-being, while guilt has been associated with poor health. Little is known, however, about the relationship between forgiveness, spirituality, guilt, posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and psychological co-morbidity among people in recovery from addiction. Eighty-one people (F = 36, M = 45) in recovery from drug and alcohol addiction were recruited from two residential units and two drop-in centres in a city in the United Kingdom. They completed the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Spiritual Involvement and Beliefs Scale (SIBS), the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS), the Traumatic Guilt Inventory (TGI), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST-22) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-20). The control group comprised of 83 (F = 34, M = 49) individuals who confirmed that they did not have addiction and completed the PDS & GHQ-28. 54 % of the addiction group met the criteria for full PTSD and reported anxiety, somatic problems and depression. They described themselves as spiritual, had strong feelings of guilt associated with their addiction, and had difficulty in forgiving themselves. Controlling for demographics, number of events and medication management, regression analyses showed that spirituality predicted psychological co-morbidity, whilst feelings of guilt predicted PTSD symptoms and psychological co-morbidity. Unexpectedly, forgiveness did not predict outcomes. This study supports existing literature, which shows that people with drug and alcohol addiction tend to have experienced significant past trauma and PTSD symptoms. Their posttraumatic stress reactions and associated psychological difficulties can be better understood in the light of guilt and spirituality. Meanwhile, their ability to forgive themselves or others did not seem to influence health outcomes.

Measuring the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory in Marital Relationships: Forgiveness in the Chinese Context (C-TRIM)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, Lai Cheung; Chu, Amanda M. Y.; Chan, Cecilia L. W.

2014-01-01

Objective: Because forgiveness is an important aspect of studies in marital relationships, there is a need for a culturally relevant measure of forgiveness for Chinese couples. This study aims to validate the Transgression-related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory in marital relationships within a Chinese context (C-TRIM). Method: Data were…

Critical Autoethnography, Education, and a Call for Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Tony E.

2017-01-01

If critical autoethnographers identify and attempt to remedy personal/cultural offenses, then they should also discuss how to live with individuals-- themselves included--who have been complicit in and/or committed these offenses. One way critical autoethnographers can do so is through the concept of forgiveness. In this article, I first describe…

Depressive symptoms and interpersonal needs as mediators of forgiveness and suicidal behavior among rural primary care patients.

PubMed

Nsamenang, Sheri A; Webb, Jon R; Cukrowicz, Kelly C; Hirsch, Jameson K

2013-07-01

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the US, and rates of suicide are higher in rural than urban areas. As proposed by the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are risk factors for suicidal behavior, although protective individual-level characteristics such as forgiveness, may indirectly affect suicidal behavior by decreasing the deleterious effect of thwarted interpersonal needs. A sample of uninsured adults recruited from a rural primary clinic (N=101) completed the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness and Spirituality; Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire; and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Parallel and serial multivariable mediation analyses were conducted to test for direct and indirect effects of forgiveness on suicidal behavior. In parallel mediation, covarying depressive symptoms, forgiveness of self had an indirect effect on suicidal behavior, through perceived burdensomeness. Inclusion of depressive symptoms as a mediator revealed an indirect effect of forgiveness of self and others on suicidal behavior via depression, thwarted belongingness, and perceived burdensomeness in a serial mediation model. A longitudinal study, with an equal representation of males and diverse populations is needed to replicate our findings. Our findings have implications for the role health providers can play in addressing suicide with rural patients. Promoting forgiveness, may, in turn affect interpersonal functioning and decrease risk for suicidal behavior. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 1956.54 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family Housing § 1956.54... the purposes of servicing Farm Loan Programs loans, debt forgiveness is defined as a reduction or...

7 CFR 1956.54 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Farm Loan Programs and Multi-Family Housing § 1956.54... the purposes of servicing Farm Loan Programs loans, debt forgiveness is defined as a reduction or...

Self-forgiveness is associated with reduced psychological distress in cancer patients and unmatched caregivers: Hope and self-blame as mediating mechanisms.

PubMed

Toussaint, Loren; Barry, Michael; Angus, Drew; Bornfriend, Lynn; Markman, Maurie

2017-01-01

This study examined the association between self-forgiveness and psychological distress and tested whether self-blame and hope mediated these associations equally for both patients and caregivers. Participants were 38 patients and 44 unmatched caregivers receiving care at a national cancer hospital. Participants completed measures of self-forgiveness, self-blame, hope, and psychological distress. Self-forgiveness was inversely associated with self-blame and psychological distress and positively associated with hope. Self-forgiveness was indirectly associated with psychological distress through hope but not self-blame and more strongly for caregivers than patients. Group differences between patients and caregivers in associations are intriguing and may have implications for improved psychosocial care of cancer patients and support of caregivers.

The dynamic interplay of mourning and forgiveness in the early development of the self and psychic structure.

PubMed

Rankin, Eric D

2014-04-01

Mourning has received considerable attention in the psychoanalytic literature. Beginning with Freud's 1917 investigation, the central role of mourning in psychical development via identification has been articulated and subsequently elaborated upon by various authors (e.g., Klein, 1940; Schafer, 2005). Forgiveness, on the other hand, has until recently received considerably less attention, perhaps because of the strong religious and moral connotations often associated with it (Lansky, 2009a). Contemporary writers exploring the psychoanalytic implications of mourning and forgiveness, however, have suggested the importance of both in normal psychical development. The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model of mourning and forgiveness and explore its potential role in nascent infant development.

Colombian Lay People's Willingness to Forgive Different Actors of the Armed Conflict: Results from a Pilot Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez-Lopez, Wilson; Pineda Marin, Claudia; Murcia Leon, Maria Camila; Perilla Garzon, Diana Carolina; Mullet, Etienne

2012-01-01

A pilot study examined lay people's willingness to forgive acts that were committed by actors of the armed conflicts in Colombia. The participants (100 persons living in Bogota) were shown vignettes describing cases in which a member of the guerilla or a member of the former paramilitary forces asks for forgiveness to a victim's family, and were…

The Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder with Tendency to Forgive, Social Support, and Psychosocial Functioning of Terror Survivors.

PubMed

Weinberg, Michael

2018-06-12

The study reported in this article examined the relationship between psychosocial functioning and tendency to forgive, social support, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of terror survivors (N = 108). Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether PTSD symptoms mediated the association between tendency to forgive, social support, and psychosocial functioning. The findings demonstrated that the association between tendency to forgive and psychosocial functioning was mediated exclusively by PTSD symptoms, whereas the association between social support and psychosocial functioning was partially mediated by PTSD symptoms. The study reinforces the importance of addressing trauma survivors' psychosocial functioning as an emotional state associated with tendency to forgive, social support, and PTSD symptoms. In addition, the findings suggest that when treating trauma survivors, therapists should be aware of PTSD not only as an emotional consequence of trauma, but also as a mediator of numerous emotional and cognitive coping mechanisms.

Team-Based Simulations: Learning Ethical Conduct in Teacher Trainee Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shapira-Lishchinsky, Orly

2013-01-01

This study aimed to identify the learning aspects of team-based simulations (TBS) through the analysis of ethical incidents experienced by 50 teacher trainees. A four-dimensional model emerged: learning to make decisions in a "supportive-forgiving" environment; learning to develop standards of care; learning to reduce misconduct; and learning to…

Cyberbully, Cybervictim, and Forgiveness among Indonesian High School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Safaria, Triantoro; Tentama, Fatwa; Suyono, Hadi

2016-01-01

Cyberbullying has been commonplace practice among Indonesian teenagers engaging in on-line space. However, this phenomenon has not been extensively researched in the context of Indonesia. This present study aims to examine the extent to which level of forgiveness contribute to varying degrees of cyberbullying. It is a quantitative in which the…

Kierkegaardian Implications of Punishment, Guilt, and Forgiveness for Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Senyshyn, Yaroslav

1998-01-01

Explores Soren Kierkegaard's notion of punishment, which should interest educators because it provides a way to avoid the pitfalls of unjust punishment by viewing it in conjunction with the implications of guilt and forgiveness. The paper notes the need to question the notion of punishment closely and seek to understand its implications. (SM)

Direct and Indirect Effects of Religiosity on Valuation of Life through Forgiveness and Social Provisions among Older Incarcerated Males

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Randall, G. K.; Bishop, Alex J.

2013-01-01

Purpose of the study: Few studies have investigated the influence of religiosity (REL), forgiveness, and social resources on incarcerated individuals' attachment to their lives, or valuation of life (VOL). We tested a model linking REL to VOL through 3 subscales of the Heartland Forgiveness Scale (Self, Others, and Situations) and social…

Psychological Repair: The Intersubjective Dialogue of Remorse and Forgiveness in the Aftermath of Gross Human Rights Violations.

PubMed

Gobodo-Madikizela, Pumla

2015-12-01

The possibility of psychological repair after mass trauma is considered here in the context of the global trend of dialogue between survivors and perpetrators in the aftermath of mass atrocities. Stories of remorse and forgiveness illustrate and allow reflection on the last two decades' experience in dealing with the past, as exemplified by truth commissions in countries like South Africa and Rwanda. Three aspects of this experience are stressed. First, it is argued that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of South Africa was a unique dialogic space that enabled the emergence of new subjectivities in the encounter between survivors and perpetrators. Second, concepts of intersubjectivity are used to explore how a psychoanalytic perspective might contribute to understanding the process of trauma testimony, and to examine the different ways in which empathy plays out in survivors' and perpetrators' responses as witnesses to trauma testimony. A key element here is the aspect of concern and care for the other that is linked to the empathy-remorse-forgiveness cycle in the dialogue between victim and perpetrator. Finally, remorse and its relation to forgiveness are explored. Contextually rich case study material from research on forgiveness illustrates this discussion. © 2015 by the American Psychoanalytic Association.

42 CFR 417.937 - Loan and loan guarantee provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan and loan guarantee provisions. 417.937 Section... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Administration of Outstanding Loans and Loan Guarantees § 417.937 Loan and loan guarantee provisions. (a) Disbursement of loan proceeds. The principal amount of any loan made or...

7 CFR 1751.103 - Loan and loan advance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan and loan advance requirements. 1751.103 Section... Telecommunications Modernization Plan § 1751.103 Loan and loan advance requirements. (a) For information about loan... February 13, 1996, RUS will make RUS hardship loans, RUS cost-of-money loans, and RTB loans for facilities...

Free-Loan Media for French: A Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veitz, M. Frances, Ed.

Designed to assist French instructors in introducing France to their students, this guidebook provides an annotated list of over 300 audio-visual materials and realia that are available on a free-loan basis. The guide lists films, videotapes, filmstrips, slide collections, pamphlets, factsheets, posters, records, tapes, and booklets available in…

To provide for loan forgiveness for STEM teachers, and for other purposes.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Swalwell, Eric [D-CA-15

2018-05-24

House - 05/24/2018 Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Education and the Workforce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the... (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

A longitudinal study of the role of children's altruism and forgiveness in the relation between parental aggressive discipline and anxiety of preschoolers in China.

PubMed

Kwok, Sylvia Y C L; Gu, Minmin; Cheung, Andy P S

2017-03-01

Using data collected over a 1-year period on a stratified random sample of 368 parents with children studying in nurseries (mean age=3.97years), this study assessed the predictive effects of parental corporal punishment, parental psychological aggression, preschoolers' altruism, and preschoolers' forgiveness on preschoolers' anxiety symptoms in Hong Kong, China. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that parental psychological aggression, preschoolers' altruism and preschoolers' forgiveness at Time 1 significantly predicted preschoolers' anxiety at Time 2, when controlling for the initial level of preschoolers' anxiety and important demographic variables that co-vary with preschoolers' anxiety. Moreover, preschoolers' altruism moderated the predictive effect of parental psychological aggression on preschoolers' anxiety symptoms. The study has several significant contributions. First, the study supports the predictive effect of parental aggressive discipline on preschoolers' anxiety. Second, we provide evidence that preschoolers' altruism and forgiveness negatively predict preschoolers' anxiety symptoms. Third, preschoolers' altruism and forgiveness are shown to protect them against parental psychological aggression. A dual-focus approach to intervention and prevention is proposed to reduce aggressive discipline by parents as well as to enhance altruism and forgiveness in children. Parent training programs could be provided to teach parents positive discipline strategies. Home-based or school-based interventions could be designed for preschool children to foster and enhance their altruism and forgiveness. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Notification: Audit of Salary Overpayment and Debt Forgiveness Waiver (2nd notification)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Project #OA-FY18-0084, June 15, 2018. The OIG plans to determine whether the agency is properly forgiving debts owed by its employees through its waiver or compromise process and to determine the activities that are causing salary overpayments.

The stories we tell: how age, gender, and forgiveness affect the emotional content of autobiographical narratives.

PubMed

Robertson, Sarah M C; Swickert, Rhonda J

2018-04-01

Researchers have been attempting to understand the variables that predict differences in autobiographical narratives, given that these differences often reveal important information about the psychological characteristics of the person providing the narrative. A sample of young adults (n = 80) and older adults (n = 80) completed a battery of self-report measures in addition to an autobiographical narrative task in which they described a negative emotional experience. These narratives were transcribed and entered into a text analysis program. Results indicated a significant three-way interaction (age × gender × forgiveness) for negative emotion words. Results also indicated two significant two-way interactions (age × forgiveness and gender × forgiveness) and one significant main effect for anger words. There were no significant findings related to anxiety or sad words. Results are discussed in the context of Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, which asserts that social and emotional goals shift throughout the lifespan such that older adults are more motivated to regulate their emotions than young adults. Clinical applications and future directions are discussed.

12 CFR 32.7 - Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans. 32.7 Section 32.7 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LENDING LIMITS § 32.7 Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small...

12 CFR 32.7 - Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans. 32.7 Section 32.7 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LENDING LIMITS § 32.7 Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small...

How expressions of forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity relate to emotional intelligence and self-concept in urban fifth-grade students.

PubMed

Van Dyke, Cydney J; Elias, Maurice J

2008-10-01

This study investigated how the tendency to express forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity in a free-response essay relates to emotional intelligence and self-concept in 89 5th-graders (mean age = 10.84 years) from an urban public school district in New Jersey. Readers coded essays for expressions of forgiveness, purpose, and religiosity using originally developed rubrics. These data were compared with self-reports on scales of emotional intelligence and self-concept. It was hypothesized that expressions of the predictor variables would correlate positively with emotional intelligence and self-concept. In contrast to expressions of purpose, which were common among students, expressions of forgiveness and religiosity were infrequent. Furthermore, forgiveness was not significantly related to either criterion variable; purpose was positively related to self-concept (but not to emotional intelligence); and religiosity was negatively related to emotional intelligence (but not to self-concept). Correlational analyses by gender revealed a possible trend toward more robust relationships being observed among females than males; however, the differences between the correlation coefficients observed among males and females failed to reach statistical significance. Several of the study's unanticipated findings suggest the need for further empirical work investigating the psychological correlates of these constructs in children. PsycINFO Database Record 2009 APA.

The impact of mixed, hope and forgiveness-focused marital counselling on interpersonal cognitive distortions of couples filing for divorce.

PubMed

Navidian, A; Bahari, F

2014-09-01

Divorce and conflict are overlapping processes. Previous findings suggest that spirituality-related interventions in mental health nursing may play a significant role in reducing the level and amount of conflict. We examined the effects of hope and forgiveness-focused marital counselling and a combination of the two intervention types on interpersonal cognitive distortions of couples filing for divorce in Isfahan, Iran. We conducted a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. Of 440 couples referred to the Crisis Intervention Center undergoing pre-divorce counselling, 60 were randomly assigned to four groups: hope-focused, forgiveness-focused, mixed and control. Data were gathered using the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale and analysed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney's U and Wilcoxon tests. Hope- and forgiveness-focused interventions did not have a significant effect on the total number of interpersonal cognitive distortions in comparison with the control group. However, the mixed intervention significantly reduced irrational expectations and interpersonal rejection among couples. Combining hope- and forgiveness-focused interventions can be used to decrease irrational marital beliefs among couples. In addition, rating the level of conflict among couples is important for determining the type of intervention that should be used by mental health nurses (psycho-educational or therapeutic). © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Conciliatory gestures promote forgiveness and reduce anger in humans.

PubMed

McCullough, Michael E; Pedersen, Eric J; Tabak, Benjamin A; Carter, Evan C

2014-07-29

Conflict is an inevitable component of social life, and natural selection has exerted strong effects on many organisms to facilitate victory in conflict and to deter conspecifics from imposing harms upon them. Like many species, humans likely possess cognitive systems whose function is to motivate revenge as a means of deterring individuals who have harmed them from harming them again in the future. However, many social relationships often retain value even after conflicts have occurred between interactants, so natural selection has very likely also endowed humans with cognitive systems whose function is to motivate reconciliation with transgressors whom they perceive as valuable and nonthreatening, notwithstanding their harmful prior actions. In a longitudinal study with 337 participants who had recently been harmed by a relationship partner, we found that conciliatory gestures (e.g., apologies, offers of compensation) were associated with increases in victims' perceptions of their transgressors' relationship value and reductions in perceptions of their transgressors' exploitation risk. In addition, conciliatory gestures appeared to accelerate forgiveness and reduce reactive anger via their intermediate effects on relationship value and exploitation risk. These results strongly suggest that conciliatory gestures facilitate forgiveness and reduce anger by modifying victims' perceptions of their transgressors' value as relationship partners and likelihood of recidivism.

Blame and Forgiveness Judgements among Children, Adolescents and Adults with Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roge, Bernadette; Mullet, Etienne

2011-01-01

We compared the capacity of children, adolescents and adults with and without autism to use (a) intent and severity of consequences information for attributing blame to an offender, and (b) intent and apologies information for inferring willingness to forgive. Participants were presented with two sets of six scenarios obtained by combination of…

More Professional Schools Move to Attract Their Alumni to Careers in Public Service.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Elizabeth

1987-01-01

Loan deferment and forgiveness programs, first developed at the Harvard Law School, are appearing at a variety of institutions. These schools are helping alumni who choose public interest careers to pay off educational loans. Public interest careers include working for schools, hospitals, the government, arts organizations, etc. (MLW)

Making the Connection between Prayer, Faith, and Forgiveness in Roman Catholic Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batson, Mindi; Marks, Loren

2008-01-01

This study examines meanings and processes associated with religious practices of prayer, building faith, and forgiving through in-depth, qualitative interviews with six highly religious Roman Catholic families with children. Families were interviewed using a narrative approach that asked participants to share experiences and challenges related to…

Student Loans: Direct Loan Default. Report to Congressional Requesters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bovbjerg, Barbara D.

This report presents data on default rates within two major federal student loan programs, the Federal Direct Loan Program (FDLP) and the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP). Data from the National Student Loan Data System for 1997 and 1998 indicate that, overall, direct and guaranteed student loan programs had similar default rates--6.6…

11 CFR 116.8 - Creditor forgiveness of debts owed by ongoing committees; Commission review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... committees; Commission review. (a) General requirements. A creditor may forgive the outstanding balance of a... requirements of 11 CFR 116.3 or 116.5, as appropriate, regarding extensions of credit by commercial vendors and...

76 FR 37779 - Rural Broadband Access Loans and Loan Guarantees Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-28

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Utilities Service Rural Broadband Access Loans and Loan Guarantees... of $325,663,157 in loan funds for the Rural Broadband Access Loans and Loan Guarantees Program for... identifying a definite funding amount. The maximum amount of a loan under this authority will be $75 million...

Guilt without fault: A qualitative study into the ethics of forgiveness after traumatic childbirth.

PubMed

Schrøder, Katja; la Cour, Karen; Jørgensen, Jan Stener; Lamont, Ronald F; Hvidt, Niels Christian

2017-03-01

When a life is lost or severely impaired during childbirth, the midwife and obstetrician involved may experience feelings of guilt in the aftermath. Through three empirical cases, the paper examines the sense of guilt in the context of the current patient safety culture in healthcare where a blame-free approach is promoted in the aftermath of adverse events. The purpose is to illustrate how healthcare professionals may experience guilt without being at fault after adverse events, and Gamlund's theory on forgiveness without blame is used as the theoretical framework for this analysis. Philosophical insight has proven to be a useful resource in dealing with psychological issues of guilt and Gamlund's view on error and forgiveness elucidates an interesting dilemma in the field of traumatic events and medical harm in healthcare, where healthcare professionals experience that well-intended actions may cause injury, harm or even death to their patients. Failing to recognise and acknowledge guilt or guilty feelings may preclude self-forgiveness, which could have a negative impact on the recovery of midwives and obstetricians after adverse events. Developing and improving support systems for healthcare professionals is a multi-factorial task, and the authors suggest that the narrow focus on medico-legal and patient safety perspectives is complemented with moral philosophical perspectives to promote non-judgemental recognition and acknowledgement of guilt and of the fallible nature of medicine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 32.7 - Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans (“Supplemental Lending...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans (âSupplemental Lending Limits Programâ). 32.7 Section 32.7 Banks and Banking..., small business loans, and small farm loans (“Supplemental Lending Limits Program”). (a) Residential real...

12 CFR 32.7 - Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans (“Supplemental Lending...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans (âSupplemental Lending Limits Programâ). 32.7 Section 32.7 Banks and Banking..., small business loans, and small farm loans (“Supplemental Lending Limits Program”). (a) Residential real...

"An eye for an eye"? Neural correlates of retribution and forgiveness.

PubMed

Brüne, Martin; Juckel, Georg; Enzi, Björn

2013-01-01

Humans have evolved strong preferences for equity and fairness. Neuroimaging studies suggest that punishing unfairness is associated with the activation of a neural network comprising the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula, the ventral striatum, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Here, we report the neuronal correlates of retribution and "forgiveness" in a scenario, in which individuals first acted as a recipient in an Ultimatum Game, and subsequently assumed the position of a proposer in a Dictator Game played against the same opponents as in the Ultimatum Game. Most subjects responded in a tit-for-tat fashion, which was accompanied by activation of the ventral striatum, corroborating previous findings that punishing unfair behaviour has a rewarding connotation. Subjects distinguished between the human opponent and computer condition by activation of the ventromedial PFC in the human condition, indicative of mentalising. A substantial number of subjects did not retaliate. Neurally, this "forgiveness" behaviour was associated with the activation of the right (and to a lesser degree left) DLPFC, a region that serves as a cognitive control region and thus may be involved in inhibiting emotional responses against unfairness.

Gender differences in emotions, forgiveness and tolerance in relation to political violence.

PubMed

Conejero, Susana; Etxebarria, Itziar; Montero, Ignacio

2014-01-01

This study, which forms part of a broader research project, analyzes gender differences in: the intensity of diverse emotions, the justification of violence, attitudes towards the terrorist group ETA, forgiveness and tolerance. Participants comprised 728 people (45.5% men and 54.5% women) resident in either Basque Country or Navarra (Spain), representative of all national identities and political ideologies existing in this context. An ad hoc questionnaire was designed and administered between November 2005 and February 2006, a short time before ETA declared a ceasefire. Women reported more intensity in fear for political reasons and scored higher in two of the six measures of empathy included in the study (empathy with prisoners and empathy with those who suffer and think like oneself). Men scored higher in positive emotionality, indifference and Schadenfreude. Women perceived apology and forgiveness as more necessary elements for achieving peace than men. These results suggest that it may be beneficial for women to play a more prominent role in relation to the resolution of intergroup conflicts such as the one existing in the Basque Country.

75 FR 66699 - Farm Loan Programs Loan Making Activities; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

... Loan Programs Loan Making Activities; Correction AGENCY: Farm Service Agency, USDA. ACTION: Proposed rule; correction. SUMMARY: This document contains a correction to the proposed rule titled ``Farm Loan Programs Loan Making Activities'' that was published September 23, 2010. The Farm Service Agency (FSA) is...

7 CFR 762.145 - Restructuring guaranteed loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... criteria of § 762.120, except the provisions regarding prior debt forgiveness and delinquency on a federal...) Applicable credit reports. (vi) Financial history (and production history for standard eligible lenders) for...

77 FR 13530 - Funding for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Farm Service Agency Funding for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan... Service Agency (FSA) now has funding for and is accepting guaranteed loan applications for the Conservation Loan (CL) Program. Due to a lack of program funding for direct CLs, direct loan applications are...

13 CFR 109.410 - Loan limits-loans to Eligible Small Business Concerns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION INTERMEDIARY LENDING PILOT PROGRAM Requirements for ILP Intermediary Loans to Small Businesses § 109.410 Loan limits—loans to Eligible Small Business Concerns. No small business (including Affiliates... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan limits-loans to Eligible...

13 CFR 109.410 - Loan limits-loans to Eligible Small Business Concerns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION INTERMEDIARY LENDING PILOT PROGRAM Requirements for ILP Intermediary Loans to Small Businesses § 109.410 Loan limits—loans to Eligible Small Business Concerns. No small business (including Affiliates... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan limits-loans to Eligible...

13 CFR 109.410 - Loan limits-loans to Eligible Small Business Concerns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION INTERMEDIARY LENDING PILOT PROGRAM Requirements for ILP Intermediary Loans to Small Businesses § 109.410 Loan limits—loans to Eligible Small Business Concerns. No small business (including Affiliates... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan limits-loans to Eligible...

75 FR 56487 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-16

...-AC62 Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration. ACTION... authority to purchase from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation loans to farmers, ranchers, producers... Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation loans to farmers, ranchers, producers or harvesters of aquatic...

Integrating Models of Collaborative Consultation and Systems Change to Implement Forgiveness-Focused Bullying Interventions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skaar, Nicole R.; Freedman, Suzanne; Carlon, Amy; Watson, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

Through collaborative consultation with school staff, school psychologists have increasingly helped schools add bullying prevention and intervention programming to their service delivery systems. As schools search for ways to lessen the impact of bullying on the social-emotional health and academic achievement of students, forgiveness education is…

The Potential of Forgiveness as a Response for Coping with Negative Peer Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flanagan, Kelly S.; Vanden Hoek, Kristin K.; Ranter, Jennifer M.; Reich, Holly A.

2012-01-01

Coping strategies employed by adolescents in response to negative peer experiences are related to their adjustment. This study examines the potential of forgiveness as a coping response for negative peer experiences in early adolescence. Participants were 616 6th through 8th grade students at a middle school (46% girls) who completed self-report…

Oxytocin makes females, but not males, less forgiving following betrayal of trust.

PubMed

Yao, Shuxia; Zhao, Weihua; Cheng, Rui; Geng, Yayuan; Luo, Lizhu; Kendrick, Keith M

2014-11-01

Although oxytocin has been shown to enhance trust behavior, to date no study has directly established whether oxytocin can modulate the effect of repair strategies on restoring damaged trust. In the current double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design study, two repair strategies were used to examine the effect of intranasal oxytocin administration on modulating trust restoration in a revised trust game. The results showed that although oxytocin had no overall effect on modulating trust restoration, it did have a significant gender specific effect. Female subjects showed less evidence for trust repair in the oxytocin compared with the placebo treatment group. This suggests that oxytocin may make female subjects exhibit more punitive behavior towards partners who violate their trust and less sensitive to repair strategies provided by them. Interestingly, this gender specific effect was more evident in the context of attempted trust repair using financial compensation. However, it also extended to both apology alone and no compensation conditions, but not to the fair one, in females exhibiting high trait forgiveness. Thus females with a more forgiving attitude towards betrayal may actually be more likely to punish betrayal following oxytocin treatment.

Student Loans Driving You Crazy? A Borrower's Guide to Direct Consolidation Loans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Federal Student Aid (ED), Washington, DC.

This booklet describes the Direct Consolidation Loan program students can use to combine one or more student loans into a new loan. Things to consider before seeking a consolidation loan are outlined. Direct consolidation loans offer a number of advantages; they are free, result in one lender and one monthly payment, and offer flexible repayment…

76 FR 78827 - Loan Guaranty Revised Loan Modification Procedures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-20

... benefits the veteran by eliminating the delinquency and granting a ``fresh start'' on payment of the loan... delinquency, could raise serious questions about the veteran's ability to repay the modified loan. That would... accrued delinquency, then there is no need to require that payments on a modified loan be lower than the...

76 FR 27986 - Funding for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-13

... of water conservation measures; establishment or improvement of permanent pastures; implementation of... for the Conservation Loan Program; Farm Loan Programs AGENCY: Farm Service Agency, USDA. ACTION... or guaranteed loan applications for the Conservation Loan (CL) Program because of lack of program...

Disappointment with God and Well-Being: The Mediating Influence of Relationship Quality and Dispositional Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strelan, Peter; Acton, Collin; Patrick, Kent

2009-01-01

This study examined the extent to which disappointment with God influenced the psychological and spiritual well-being of 160 churchgoers, and the potential mediating influences of relationship quality (spiritual maturity and relationship commitment) and dispositional forgiveness. Disappointment with God was positively related to depression and…

7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water loans: (i) Direct... Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year 2000 and increased...

The Predictive Power of Undergraduates' Personality Traits and Self-Esteem Regarding Their Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yalcin, S. Barbaros; Kavakli, Mehmet; Kesici, Sahin

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the undergraduates' personality traits and self-esteem predict their forgiveness. Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive research designed as a relational survey method. The study group consists of 323 undergraduates, of whom 250 (77.2 %) are female and 73 (22.5%) are…

An International Perspective on Value Learning in the Kindergarten--Exemplified by the Value Forgiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunnestad, Arve; Mørreaunet, Sissel; Onyango, Silas

2015-01-01

This article highlights value learning in kindergartens exemplified by the value of forgiveness. Values are basic ideas on human behaviour and they function as a compass that helps children to make choices and priorities in their lives, to choose between good or bad, right or wrong. Value learning is an important part of the educational work in a…

7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... assumption of indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water... direct Farm Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year...

7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... assumption of indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water... direct Farm Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year...

7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... assumption of indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership, Downpayment loans, Conservation loans, and Soil and Water... direct Farm Ownership loan, direct Conservation loan, direct Soil and Water loan, guaranteed Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Conservation loan, and guaranteed Soil and Water loan-$700,000 (for fiscal year...

Instructor Misbehavior and Forgiveness: An Examination of Student Communicative Outcomes in the Aftermath of Instructor Misbehavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vallade, Jessalyn I.; Malachowski, Colleen M.

2015-01-01

Using Attribution Theory as a theoretical framework, this study explored the role of forgiveness in impacting student nonverbal responsiveness, out-of-class communication (OCC), and perceptions of cognitive and affective learning following instructor misbehavior. Additionally, the role of instructor nonverbal immediacy was examined. Participants…

The bidirectional dyadic association between tendency to forgive, self-esteem, social support, and PTSD symptoms among terror-attack survivors and their spouses.

PubMed

Weinberg, Michael

2013-12-01

This study examined the dyadic association of terror attack survivors’ and spouses’ internal resources, tendency to forgive (self, others,and situational forgiveness), self-esteem, and the external resource of social support, as associated with victims’ and spouses’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, using the actor–partner interdependence model. Based on lists by the One Family organization in Israel, 108 couples participated in the study. The study results demonstrate that in the dyad relationship, survivors’ tenden cyto forgive others and social support relate both to survivors’ decreased levels of PTSD symptom severity (β = −.20, p = .021;β =−.55 p < .001) and spouses’ decreased levels of PTSD symptom severity (β =−.21, p = .015; β =−.27, p = . 004), whereas spouses’ self-esteem relates to both spouses’ and survivors’ decreased levels of PTSD symptom severity (β =−.57, p < .001; β =−.14, p = .041).The findings underscore the role of the survivor–spouse unit by highlighting the dyad relationship of internal and external resources as associated with both survivors’ and spouses’ PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

7 CFR 1738.30 - Rural broadband access loans and loan guarantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... institutional investor authorized by law to loan money, hereafter referred to as “lender”. At the time of... of the service area. The maximum population density requirement will be published by RUS in the... making, loan servicing, and other requirements of the jurisdiction in which the lender makes loans...

Federal Student Loan Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Student Aid, US Department of Education, 2014

2014-01-01

For those needing a loan to attend college, think federal aid first. Federal student loans usually offer borrowers lower interest rates and have more flexible repayment terms and options than private student loans. This brief report answers the following questions about federal aid: (1) What is a federal student loan?; (2) What is a private…

Beyond Financial Need: Predictors of Student Loans and Student Loan Attitudes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norvilitis, Jill M.; Bat, Meghan J.

2016-01-01

Although public concern about student loan debt has been increasing, little research has examined predictors of debt beyond financial need or demographic factors. The present study explored the role of several psychological and attitudinal variables in student loan debt among 189 college students. Results indicate that loan initiative and loan…

Integrating Green Infrastructure with Community Needs: El Cerrito Green Streets Project

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The El Cerrito Redevelopment Agency, in combination with the San Francisco Estuary Partnership, obtained a $392,000 loan with 100 principal forgiveness through ARRA for the construction of a series of rain gardens and bioswales along San Pablo Avenue.

7 CFR 1735.21 - Refinancing loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Refinancing loans. 1735.21 Section 1735.21... AGRICULTURE GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1735.21 Refinancing loans. (a) Hardship loans and guaranteed loans may include funds to...

7 CFR 1710.52 - Loan guarantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan guarantees. 1710.52 Section 1710.52 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Types of Loans and Loan Guarantees § 1710.52 Loan guarantees. RUS provides financing through 100 percent loan guarantees...

12 CFR 541.20 - Loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loans. 541.20 Section 541.20 Banks and Banking... SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 541.20 Loans. The term loans means obligations and extensions or advances of credit; and any reference to a loan or investment includes an interest in such a loan or investment. ...

7 CFR 1710.50 - Insured loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Insured loans. 1710.50 Section 1710.50 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Types of Loans and Loan Guarantees § 1710.50 Insured loans. RUS makes insured loans under section 305 of the RE Act. (a...

7 CFR 1710.51 - Direct loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direct loans. 1710.51 Section 1710.51 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Types of Loans and Loan Guarantees § 1710.51 Direct loans. RUS makes direct loans under section 4 of the RE Act. (a...

7 CFR 1738.30 - Rural broadband access loans and loan guarantees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... interest at a rate set by the lender consistent with the current applicable market rate for a loan of... Derivative or any Guaranteed-Amount Debt Derivative; or (B) Any holder of the Guaranteed Loan Note or any Guaranteed Loan Portion Note or any Derivative, as the case may be, having a claim to payments on the...

34 CFR 674.60 - Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Loan Cancellation § 674.60 Cancellation for volunteer service—Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense...

34 CFR 674.60 - Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Loan Cancellation § 674.60 Cancellation for volunteer service—Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense...

Video in the Outback: An Evaluation of the Loan Video Programme in Western Australia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hosie, Peter

This study was conducted to examine the reactions of children, parents, and teachers to the Loan Video Programme in Western Australia, which supplies videocassette recordings of the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Commission) school broadcasts to primary Distance Education Centre and School of the Air students in remote locations. Findings reported…

34 CFR 674.40 - Treatment of loan repayments where cancellation, loan repayments, and minimum monthly repayments...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.40 Treatment of loan repayments where cancellation, loan... by a postponement. (b) If a borrower has received Defense, NDSL, and Perkins loans and only one can...

34 CFR 674.40 - Treatment of loan repayments where cancellation, loan repayments, and minimum monthly repayments...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.40 Treatment of loan repayments where cancellation, loan... by a postponement. (b) If a borrower has received Defense, NDSL, and Perkins loans and only one can...

12 CFR 32.7 - Residential real estate loans, small business loans, and small farm loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... total outstanding amount of a national bank's loans and extensions of credit to one borrower made under... surplus. (5) The total outstanding amount of a national bank's loans and extensions of credit to all of... concerns about credit quality, undue concentrations in the bank's portfolio of residential real estate...

7 CFR 2201.19 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 2201.19 Section 2201.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) LOCAL TELEVISION LOAN GUARANTEE BOARD LOCAL TELEVISION LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM-PROGRAM REGULATIONS Loan Guarantees § 2201.19 Loan terms. (a) All Loans...

76 FR 6555 - Loan Guaranty Revised Loan Modification Procedures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-07

... due date for payments. Modifications usually adjust the terms of the loan agreement by: capitalizing delinquent interest, advances, or other amounts due; extending the repayment terms; changing the interest... guaranteed housing loans in default. Specifically, changes are made to requirements related to maximum...

5 CFR 1655.14 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan payments. 1655.14 Section 1655.14 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.14 Loan payments. (a) Loan payments must be made through payroll deduction in accordance with the loan agreement. Once loan...

7 CFR 1735.32 - Guaranteed loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Guaranteed loans. 1735.32 Section 1735.32 Agriculture... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Types of Loans § 1735.32 Guaranteed loans. (a) General. Loan guarantees under this section will be considered for only those borrowers...

7 CFR 1737.92 - Loan documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan documents. 1737.92 Section 1737.92 Agriculture... PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO INSURED AND GUARANTEED TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOANS Final Loan Approval Procedures § 1737.92 Loan documents. Following approval of the loan, RUS shall forward the...

7 CFR 1710.406 - Loan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan approval. 1710.406 Section 1710.406 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Application Requirements and Procedures for Loans § 1710.406 Loan approval. (a) A loan is approved when the Administrator...

7 CFR 1738.22 - Loan security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security. 1738.22 Section 1738.22 Agriculture... RURAL BROADBAND ACCESS LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES Loan Purposes and Basic Policies § 1738.22 Loan security. (a) RUS makes loans only if, in the judgment of the Administrator, the security therefore is...

7 CFR 1710.407 - Loan documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan documents. 1710.407 Section 1710.407 Agriculture... GENERAL AND PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES COMMON TO ELECTRIC LOANS AND GUARANTEES Application Requirements and Procedures for Loans § 1710.407 Loan documents. Following approval of a loan, RUS will forward...

13 CFR 400.204 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan terms. 400.204 Section 400.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the Program shall be...

13 CFR 400.204 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan terms. 400.204 Section 400.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the Program shall be...

13 CFR 400.204 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan terms. 400.204 Section 400.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the Program shall be...

13 CFR 400.204 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 400.204 Section 400.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the Program shall be...

13 CFR 400.204 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan terms. 400.204 Section 400.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the Program shall be...

34 CFR 685.301 - Origination of a loan by a Direct Loan Program school.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., religion, national origin, age, disability status, or income. (9) A school may not assess a fee for the... 34 Education 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Origination of a loan by a Direct Loan Program school... LOAN PROGRAM Requirements, Standards, and Payments for Direct Loan Program Schools § 685.301...

Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations.

PubMed

Aquino, Karl; Tripp, Thomas M; Bies, Robert J

2006-05-01

A field study and an experimental study examined relationships among organizational variables and various responses of victims to perceived wrongdoing. Both studies showed that procedural justice climate moderates the effect of organizational variables on the victim's revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, or avoidance behaviors. In Study 1, a field study, absolute hierarchical status enhanced forgiveness and reconciliation, but only when perceptions of procedural justice climate were high; relative hierarchical status increased revenge, but only when perceptions of procedural justice climate were low. In Study 2, a laboratory experiment, victims were less likely to endorse vengeance or avoidance depending on the type of wrongdoing, but only when perceptions of procedural justice climate were high.

7 CFR 761.8 - Loan Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... indebtedness. (1) Farm Ownership loans, Downpayment loans and Soil and Water loans: (i) Direct—$300,000; (ii... with paragraph (b) of this section); (iii) Any combination of a direct Soil and Water loan, direct Farm Ownership loan, guaranteed Soil and Water loan, and guaranteed Farm Ownership loan—$700,000 (for fiscal year...

7 CFR 1436.7 - Loan term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan term. 1436.7 Section 1436.7 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN PROGRAM REGULATIONS § 1436.7 Loan term. (a) For eligible facility loan commodities other than sugar, the term of the loan will be 7...

13 CFR 500.202 - Loan amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan amount. 500.202 Section 500.202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAM Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loans § 500.202 Loan amount. The aggregate amount of loan...

7 CFR 764.401 - Loan decision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan decision. 764.401 Section 764.401 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN MAKING Loan Decision and Closing § 764.401 Loan decision. (a) Loan approval. (1) The Agency will approve a loan only if it determines that: (i) The applicant's farm operating...

The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women after Spousal Emotional Abuse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed, Gayle L.; Enright, Robert D.

2006-01-01

Emotionally abused women experience negative psychological outcomes long after the abusive spousal relationship has ended. This study compares forgiveness therapy (FT) with an alternative treatment (AT; anger validation, assertiveness, interpersonal skill building) for emotionally abused women who had been permanently separated for 2 or more years…

13 CFR 500.204 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan terms. 500.204 Section 500.204 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY OIL AND GAS GUARANTEED LOAN PROGRAM Oil and Gas Guaranteed Loans § 500.204 Loan terms. (a) All loans guaranteed under the...

7 CFR 774.23 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 774.23 Section 774.23 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS EMERGENCY LOAN FOR SEED PRODUCERS PROGRAM § 774.23 Loan servicing. Loans will be serviced as a Non-program loan in accordance with 7 CFR part 766. If the loan is not repaid as agreed and...

7 CFR 4274.331 - Loan limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... effective and sound manner, within 1 year after loan closing. (2) The initial Agency IRP loan as defined in... loans will not exceed $1 million each and not more than one loan will be approved by the Agency for an... (IRP) § 4274.331 Loan limits. (a) Intermediary. (1) No loan to an intermediary will exceed the maximum...

7 CFR 4274.331 - Loan limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... effective and sound manner, within 1 year after loan closing. (2) The initial Agency IRP loan as defined in... loans will not exceed $1 million each and not more than one loan will be approved by the Agency for an... (IRP) § 4274.331 Loan limits. (a) Intermediary. (1) No loan to an intermediary will exceed the maximum...

7 CFR 4274.331 - Loan limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... effective and sound manner, within 1 year after loan closing. (2) The initial Agency IRP loan as defined in... loans will not exceed $1 million each and not more than one loan will be approved by the Agency for an... (IRP) § 4274.331 Loan limits. (a) Intermediary. (1) No loan to an intermediary will exceed the maximum...

7 CFR 4274.331 - Loan limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... effective and sound manner, within 1 year after loan closing. (2) The initial Agency IRP loan as defined in... loans will not exceed $1 million each and not more than one loan will be approved by the Agency for an... (IRP) § 4274.331 Loan limits. (a) Intermediary. (1) No loan to an intermediary will exceed the maximum...

7 CFR 4274.331 - Loan limits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... effective and sound manner, within 1 year after loan closing. (2) The initial Agency IRP loan as defined in... loans will not exceed $1 million each and not more than one loan will be approved by the Agency for an... (IRP) § 4274.331 Loan limits. (a) Intermediary. (1) No loan to an intermediary will exceed the maximum...

Strategies to Increase Teacher Supply and Quality: Related Policy Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raizen, Senta

1986-01-01

"Quick fixes" and over-reactive policy mandates don't clearly anticipate long-term implications. Examples are given of the negative effects of scholarship/loan programs, career ladders, changing credentialing requirements, and teacher competency testing, originally devised to avoid teacher shortages. (Author/CB)

19 CFR 351.505 - Loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... future action or achieving some goal in fulfillment of the loan's requirements, the Secretary normally...-provided loan, the Secretary normally will place primary emphasis on similarities in the structure of the... paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if the government-provided loan is a short-term loan, the Secretary...

19 CFR 351.505 - Loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... future action or achieving some goal in fulfillment of the loan's requirements, the Secretary normally...-provided loan, the Secretary normally will place primary emphasis on similarities in the structure of the... paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if the government-provided loan is a short-term loan, the Secretary...

Student Loans: The Empirical Record.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finnie, Ross

2001-01-01

Presents results of an empirical investigation of Canadian student loans for four recent cohorts of graduates. Data include proportion of students graduating with loans and average amounts borrowed, loan burden measured by debt-to-earning ratios, repayment rates following graduation, and number of graduates reporting loan difficulties. Results are…

Mediating the Effect of Gratitude in the Relationship between Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction among University Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aricioglu, Ahu

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of gratitude in the relationship between forgiveness and life satisfaction. A convenience sample of 396 (234 (59%) females, 162 (41%) males) university students was recruited from a University in Denizli, Turkey. The participants' ages ranged between 18 and 27 years, with an average of…

Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Anger, Mood, and Vulnerability to Substance Use among Inpatient Substance-Dependent Clients

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Wei-Fen; Mack, David; Enright, Robert D.; Krahn, Dean; Baskin, Thomas W.

2004-01-01

Anger and related emotions have been identified as triggers in substance use. Forgiveness therapy (FT) targets anger, anxiety, and depression as foci of treatment. Fourteen patients with substance dependence from a local residential treatment facility were randomly assigned to and completed either 12 approximately twice-weekly sessions of…

7 CFR 1421.111 - Loan settlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan settlement. 1421.111 Section 1421.111... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS GRAINS AND SIMILARLY HANDLED COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans...

Entrance Counseling Guide for Direct Loan Borrowers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Student Aid, US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

This guide describes the four types of loans offered by the Direct Loan Program[SM]: (1) Direct Subsidized Loans; (2) Direct Unsubsidized Loans; (3) Direct PLUS Loans; and (4) Direct Consolidation Loans. Among the topics covered in the guide are: Use of Your Loan Money, The Master Promissory Note, How Your Loans Will Be Disbursed (Paid Out),…

Philippines: Population: USAID loan.

PubMed

The Philippines and the United States Agency for International Development signed an agreement on Christmas Day for a US $5.7 million loan and a US $6 million grant for the country's population program. The loan, which matures in 40 years, carries a 2% interest per year for the first 10 years, and 3% thereafter. A 10-year grace period is provided. The US $11.7 million loan and grant package is the first part of USAID's pledge of US $26.9 million in loan and US $29.8 million in grants for the population project. The agreement was signed by Finance Minister Cesar Virata and USAID director Anthony Schwarzwalder. The total loan package of US $57.7 million will be given in the next 5 years.

34 CFR 674.53 - Teacher cancellation-Federal Perkins, NDSL and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-time teaching in an elementary or secondary school serving low-income students. (1)(i) An institution... on or after July 23, 1992, for full-time teaching in a public or other nonprofit elementary or... Federal Perkins, NDSL or Defense loan made prior to July 23, 1992, for teaching service performed on or...

34 CFR 674.53 - Teacher cancellation-Federal Perkins, NDSL and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-time teaching in an elementary or secondary school serving low-income students. (1)(i) An institution... on or after July 23, 1992, for full-time teaching in a public or other nonprofit elementary or... Federal Perkins, NDSL or Defense loan made prior to July 23, 1992, for teaching service performed on or...

34 CFR 674.53 - Teacher cancellation-Federal Perkins, NDSL and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-time teaching in an elementary or secondary school serving low-income students. (1)(i) An institution... on or after July 23, 1992, for full-time teaching in a public or other nonprofit elementary or... Federal Perkins, NDSL or Defense loan made prior to July 23, 1992, for teaching service performed on or...

34 CFR 674.53 - Teacher cancellation-Federal Perkins, NDSL and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-time teaching in an elementary or secondary school serving low-income students. (1)(i) An institution... on or after July 23, 1992, for full-time teaching in a public or other nonprofit elementary or... Federal Perkins, NDSL or Defense loan made prior to July 23, 1992, for teaching service performed on or...

34 CFR 674.53 - Teacher cancellation-Federal Perkins, NDSL and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-time teaching in an elementary or secondary school serving low-income students. (1)(i) An institution... on or after July 23, 1992, for full-time teaching in a public or other nonprofit elementary or... Federal Perkins, NDSL or Defense loan made prior to July 23, 1992, for teaching service performed on or...

7 CFR 762.121 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan purposes. 762.121 Section 762.121 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.121 Loan purposes. (a) Operating Loan purposes. (1) Loan...

7 CFR 762.121 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan purposes. 762.121 Section 762.121 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.121 Loan purposes. (a) Operating Loan purposes. (1) Loan...

13 CFR 120.160 - Loan conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan conditions. 120.160 Section 120.160 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Policies Applying to All Business Loans Credit Criteria for Sba Loans § 120.160 Loan conditions. The following...

7 CFR 1781.22 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Subsequent loans. 1781.22 Section 1781.22 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.22 Subsequent loans. Subsequent loans will be processed in accordance with this part. ...

Loans for Learning. Briefing Note

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 2011

2011-01-01

A good loan scheme must balance costs with coverage. If loans are too expensive then people will not borrow. Governments are not banks, but they provide or support loans for many things, including education and training. Governments too need to get the balance right. Cedefop surveyed 35 education and training loan schemes in Europe, examining…

7 CFR 1980.370 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Loan servicing. 1980.370 Section 1980.370 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Rural Housing Loans § 1980.370 Loan servicing. RHS encourages Lenders to... sufficient servicing and counseling to meet the objectives of the loan. Loan servicing should be approached...

24 CFR 201.41 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan servicing. 201.41 Section 201... DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES TITLE I PROPERTY IMPROVEMENT AND MANUFACTURED HOME LOANS Loan Administration § 201.41 Loan servicing. (a) Generally...

49 CFR 260.9 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan terms. 260.9 Section 260.9 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS GOVERNING LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES UNDER THE RAILROAD REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT FINANCING PROGRAM Overview § 260.9 Loan terms. The maximum repayment period for direct loans and guaranteed...

7 CFR 1735.32 - Guaranteed loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Types of Loans § 1735.32...) Requirements. To qualify for a guaranteed loan, a borrower must have a projected TIER (including the proposed... loan. In addition, a borrower must meet all requirements set forth in the regulations applicable to a...

7 CFR 1735.32 - Guaranteed loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Types of Loans § 1735.32...) Requirements. To qualify for a guaranteed loan, a borrower must have a projected TIER (including the proposed... loan. In addition, a borrower must meet all requirements set forth in the regulations applicable to a...

7 CFR 1735.32 - Guaranteed loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Types of Loans § 1735.32...) Requirements. To qualify for a guaranteed loan, a borrower must have a projected TIER (including the proposed... loan. In addition, a borrower must meet all requirements set forth in the regulations applicable to a...

7 CFR 1735.32 - Guaranteed loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... GENERAL POLICIES, TYPES OF LOANS, LOAN REQUIREMENTS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROGRAM Types of Loans § 1735.32...) Requirements. To qualify for a guaranteed loan, a borrower must have a projected TIER (including the proposed... loan. In addition, a borrower must meet all requirements set forth in the regulations applicable to a...

13 CFR 400.202 - Loan amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.202 Loan amount. (a) The aggregate amount of loan principal guaranteed under this Program to a single Qualified Steel Company may not exceed $ 250 million. (b) Of the...

13 CFR 400.202 - Loan amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

....202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.202 Loan amount. (a) The aggregate amount of loan principal guaranteed under this Program to a single Qualified Steel Company may not exceed $ 250 million. (b) Of the...

13 CFR 400.202 - Loan amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.202 Loan amount. (a) The aggregate amount of loan principal guaranteed under this Program to a single Qualified Steel Company may not exceed $ 250 million. (b) Of the...

13 CFR 400.202 - Loan amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.202 Loan amount. (a) The aggregate amount of loan principal guaranteed under this Program to a single Qualified Steel Company may not exceed $ 250 million. (b) Of the...

13 CFR 400.202 - Loan amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....202 Business Credit and Assistance EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN BOARD EMERGENCY STEEL GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM Steel Guarantee Loans § 400.202 Loan amount. (a) The aggregate amount of loan principal guaranteed under this Program to a single Qualified Steel Company may not exceed $ 250 million. (b) Of the...

The Investigation of University Students' Forgiveness Levels in Terms of Self-Compassion, Rumination and Personality Traits

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oral, Tuncay; Arslan, Coskun

2017-01-01

The aim of the study is to investigate forgiveness levels of university students in terms of self-compassion, rumination and personality traits. A descriptive-correlational was used and self-administered questionnaires were conducted in this study. Participants of the study were 840 university students (460 females, 380 males) from different…

Offense Type as Determinant of Revenge and Forgiveness after Victimization: Adolescents' Responses to Injustice and Aggression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerlsma, Coby; Lugtmeyer, Valerie

2018-01-01

Victims of injustice and aggression may have strong feelings about the perpetrator(s) that may impede their efforts to cope with the victimizing experience. We examined to what extent adolescents' interpersonal responses to victimization in terms of revenge and forgiveness depend on offense type. Of 455 Dutch students from various educational…

78 FR 64294 - Loan Guaranty: Mandatory Electronic Delivery of Loan Files for Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS Loan Guaranty: Mandatory Electronic Delivery of Loan Files for... through either electronic upload or in hard copy form. Effective January 1, 2014, LGY will require the electronic uploading of all loan files, pursuant to 38 CFR 36.4333. DATES: Effective January 1, 2014, VA will...

76 FR 42470 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC; Effective Date

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-19

... FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 614 RIN 3052-AC62 Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC; Effective Date AGENCY: Farm Credit Administration. ACTION: Notice of effective date... rule under part 614 on May 25, 2011 (76 FR 30246) amending our regulations on loan policies and...

7 CFR 1435.101 - Loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program § 1435.101 Loan rates. (a) The national average loan rate for raw cane sugar produced from domestically grown sugarcane is: 18... for the 2012 crop year. (b) The national average loan rate for refined beet sugar from domestically...

7 CFR 1435.101 - Loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program § 1435.101 Loan rates. (a) The national average loan rate for raw cane sugar produced from domestically grown sugarcane is: 18... for the 2012 crop year. (b) The national average loan rate for refined beet sugar from domestically...

7 CFR 1435.101 - Loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program § 1435.101 Loan rates. (a) The national average loan rate for raw cane sugar produced from domestically grown sugarcane is: 18... for the 2012 crop year. (b) The national average loan rate for refined beet sugar from domestically...

24 CFR 201.11 - Loan maturities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan maturities. 201.11 Section 201... DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES TITLE I PROPERTY IMPROVEMENT AND MANUFACTURED HOME LOANS Loan and Note Provisions § 201.11 Loan maturities. (a...

7 CFR 1951.877 - Loan agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Loan agreements. 1951.877 Section 1951.877 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) SERVICING AND COLLECTIONS Rural Development Loan Servicing § 1951.877 Loan agreements. (a) A loan agreement will have been executed by the RDLF intermediary and OCS or HHS for each loan...

7 CFR 1435.101 - Loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program § 1435.101 Loan rates. (a) The national average loan rate for raw cane sugar produced from domestically grown sugarcane is: 18... for the 2012 crop year. (b) The national average loan rate for refined beet sugar from domestically...

7 CFR 1435.101 - Loan rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program § 1435.101 Loan rates. (a) The national average loan rate for raw cane sugar produced from domestically grown sugarcane is: 18... for the 2012 crop year. (b) The national average loan rate for refined beet sugar from domestically...

5 CFR 1655.12 - Loan agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan agreement. 1655.12 Section 1655.12 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.12 Loan agreement. (a... participant submits a paper loan application, the TSP record keeper will mail the loan agreement, and other...

5 CFR 1655.12 - Loan agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan agreement. 1655.12 Section 1655.12 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.12 Loan agreement. (a... participant submits a paper loan application, the TSP record keeper will mail the loan agreement, and other...

5 CFR 1655.12 - Loan agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan agreement. 1655.12 Section 1655.12 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.12 Loan agreement. (a... participant submits a paper loan application, the TSP record keeper will mail the loan agreement, and other...

10 CFR 800.300 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan servicing. 800.300 Section 800.300 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY LOANS FOR BID OR PROPOSAL PREPARATION BY MINORITY BUSINESS ENTERPRISES SEEKING DOE CONTRACTS AND ASSISTANCE Loan Administration § 800.300 Loan servicing. (a) Servicing of a loan under this...

7 CFR 1738.154 - Loan security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan security. 1738.154 Section 1738.154 Agriculture... RURAL BROADBAND ACCESS LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES Direct Loan Terms § 1738.154 Loan security. (a) The... the applicant's property and revenues and such additional security as the Agency may require. The...

7 CFR 1738.154 - Loan security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan security. 1738.154 Section 1738.154 Agriculture... RURAL BROADBAND ACCESS LOANS AND LOAN GUARANTEES Direct Loan Terms § 1738.154 Loan security. (a) The... the applicant's property and revenues and such additional security as the Agency may require. The...

7 CFR 774.22 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 774.22 Section 774.22 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS EMERGENCY LOAN FOR SEED PRODUCERS PROGRAM § 774.22 Loan closing. (a) Conditions. The... approval prior to closing. (b) Loan instruments and legal documents. The applicant will execute all loan...

7 CFR 1822.274 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 1822.274 Section 1822.274 Agriculture..., Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.274 Loan closing. (a) Applicable instructions. The complete loan docket will be sent to the OGC for loan closing instructions. RHS loans will be closed in accordance with...

7 CFR 3550.52 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... added to the loan amount in excess of the area loan limit and appraised value of the house. (e) Loan..., insurance premiums, real estate tax advances, or preliminary foreclosure costs; or (ii) If a loan of $5,000..., and loan closing fees; and appraisal, surveying, environmental, tax monitoring, and other technical...

44 CFR 206.374 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan application. 206.374... HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Community Disaster Loans § 206.374 Loan... Disaster Loan through the GAR. The loan must be justified on the basis of need and shall be based on the...

7 CFR 1951.877 - Loan agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan agreements. 1951.877 Section 1951.877... agreements. (a) A loan agreement will have been executed by the RDLF intermediary and OCS or HHS for each loan. The loan agreement ordinarily would contain the following provisions: (1) The amount of the loan...

7 CFR 1951.877 - Loan agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan agreements. 1951.877 Section 1951.877... agreements. (a) A loan agreement will have been executed by the RDLF intermediary and OCS or HHS for each loan. The loan agreement ordinarily would contain the following provisions: (1) The amount of the loan...

7 CFR 1951.877 - Loan agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan agreements. 1951.877 Section 1951.877... agreements. (a) A loan agreement will have been executed by the RDLF intermediary and OCS or HHS for each loan. The loan agreement ordinarily would contain the following provisions: (1) The amount of the loan...

7 CFR 3560.61 - Loan security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan security. 3560.61 Section 3560.61 Agriculture... DIRECT MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Direct Loan and Grant Origination § 3560.61 Loan security... collateral. (2) The amount of the loan against the collateral does not exceed its estimated security value...

5 CFR 1655.21 - Loan fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan fee. 1655.21 Section 1655.21 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.21 Loan fee. The TSP will charge a participant a $50.00 loan fee when it disburses the loan and will deduct the fee from the...

7 CFR 771.5 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan purposes. 771.5 Section 771.5 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.5 Loan purposes. (a) Loan funds may be used..., travel and office operations; (3) Salaries and benefits. (b) Loan funds may not be used to pay expenses...

Supporting Special-Needs Adoptive Couples: Assessing an Intervention to Enhance Forgiveness, Increase Marital Satisfaction, and Prevent Depression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baskin, Thomas W.; Rhody, Margaret; Schoolmeesters, Shannon; Ellingson, Colleen

2011-01-01

An educational group intervention focusing on forgiveness and marriage education was implemented with adoptive parents. Couples qualified by having adopted at least one special-needs child. Data were examined for 112 adoptive parents: 54 from a treatment group that immediately received a 36-contact hour intervention and 58 from a waiting list…

Loans for Lifelong Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fletcher, Mick, Ed.

This collection of eight papers looks at how a system of loans for lifelong learning in Great Britain and New Zealand might be positioned. It examines where such loans might work best and where they seem inappropriate. In particular, the collection assembles the available evidence about the role and impact of loans in the world of education and…

Student Loan Collection Procedures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of College and University Business Officers, Washington, DC.

This manual on the collection of student loans is intended for the use of business officers and loan collection personnel of colleges and universities of all sizes. The introductory chapter is an overview of sound collection practices and procedures. It discusses the making of a loan, in-school servicing of the accounts, the exit interview, the…

77 FR 66087 - Federal Perkins Loan Program, Federal Family Education Loan Program, and William D. Ford Federal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-01

...The Secretary amends the Federal Perkins Loan (Perkins Loan) program, Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, and William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program regulations. These final regulations implement a new Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) plan in the Direct Loan program based on the President's ``Pay As You Earn'' repayment initiative, incorporate recent statutory changes to the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan in the Direct Loan and FFEL programs, and streamline and add clarity to the total and permanent disability (TPD) discharge process for borrowers in loan programs under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA). These final regulations implementing a new ICR plan and the statutory changes to the IBR plan will assist borrowers in repaying their loans while the changes to the TPD discharge process will reduce burden for borrowers who are disabled and seeking a discharge of their title IV debt.

Big Loans, Bigger Problems: A Report on the Sticker Shock of Student Loans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Tracey; Frishberg, Ivan

Students frequently experience "sticker shock" when at graduation they find their college debt is much larger than they planned or expected. If they do not understand loan repayment and loan costs, they may borrow more than they can afford and experience difficulty in paying their loans. This study explored debt from the students' perspective to…

7 CFR 1436.9 - Loan amount and loan application approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... data is not applicable to the storage need, a reasonable acreage projection may be made for newly... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN... by the FSA State committee. (b) The net cost for all storage facilities and handling equipment: (1...

7 CFR 1436.9 - Loan amount and loan application approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... data is not applicable to the storage need, a reasonable acreage projection may be made for newly... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN... by the FSA State committee. (b) The net cost for all storage facilities and handling equipment: (1...

7 CFR 1436.9 - Loan amount and loan application approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... data is not applicable to the storage need, a reasonable acreage projection may be made for newly... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN... by the FSA State committee. (b) The net cost for all storage facilities and handling equipment: (1...

7 CFR 1436.9 - Loan amount and loan application approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... data is not applicable to the storage need, a reasonable acreage projection may be made for newly... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN... by the FSA State committee. (b) The net cost for all storage facilities and handling equipment: (1...

7 CFR 1436.9 - Loan amount and loan application approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... data is not applicable to the storage need, a reasonable acreage projection may be made for newly... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS FARM STORAGE FACILITY LOAN... by the FSA State committee. (b) The net cost for all storage facilities and handling equipment: (1...

Energy Education Loan Forgiveness Act of 2010

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Wilson, Charles A. [D-OH-6

2010-03-03

House - 03/22/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

77 FR 4927 - Loan Workouts and Nonaccrual Policy, and Regulatory Reporting of Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

... modified loans totaling $2.2 billion, which equates to a 16.42 percent delinquency rate for these loans. \\2... maintain separate, manual delinquency computations and nonaccrual schedules. In response to feedback from... reporting requirement and allow delinquency on TDR loans to be calculated consistent with loan contract...

7 CFR 1776.11 - Revolving loan fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Revolving loan fund. 1776.11 Section 1776.11... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Grants § 1776.11 Revolving loan fund... § 1776.12. All loans made to loan recipients shall be drawn from the revolving loan fund. The loans shall...

7 CFR 1776.11 - Revolving loan fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Revolving loan fund. 1776.11 Section 1776.11... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Grants § 1776.11 Revolving loan fund... § 1776.12. All loans made to loan recipients shall be drawn from the revolving loan fund. The loans shall...

7 CFR 1776.11 - Revolving loan fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Revolving loan fund. 1776.11 Section 1776.11... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Grants § 1776.11 Revolving loan fund... § 1776.12. All loans made to loan recipients shall be drawn from the revolving loan fund. The loans shall...

7 CFR 1776.11 - Revolving loan fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Revolving loan fund. 1776.11 Section 1776.11... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Grants § 1776.11 Revolving loan fund... § 1776.12. All loans made to loan recipients shall be drawn from the revolving loan fund. The loans shall...

7 CFR 1776.11 - Revolving loan fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revolving loan fund. 1776.11 Section 1776.11... AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Grants § 1776.11 Revolving loan fund... § 1776.12. All loans made to loan recipients shall be drawn from the revolving loan fund. The loans shall...

7 CFR 3431.15 - Qualifying loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Administration of the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program § 3431.15 Qualifying loans. (a) General. Loan repayments provided... accredited college of veterinary medicine resulting in a degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, or the...

34 CFR 674.60 - Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs... PROGRAM Loan Cancellation § 674.60 Cancellation for volunteer service—Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense... a volunteer under The Peace Corps Act or The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (ACTION programs...

34 CFR 674.60 - Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs... PROGRAM Loan Cancellation § 674.60 Cancellation for volunteer service—Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense... a volunteer under The Peace Corps Act or The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (ACTION programs...

34 CFR 674.60 - Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cancellation for volunteer service-Perkins loans, NDSLs... PROGRAM Loan Cancellation § 674.60 Cancellation for volunteer service—Perkins loans, NDSLs and Defense... a volunteer under The Peace Corps Act or The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (ACTION programs...

The Relationship between Dimensions of Forgiveness with Mental Health in Mothers of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nemati, Shahrooz; Mirnasab, Mir Mahmoud; Bonab, Bagher Ghobari

2016-01-01

The aim of the current study was to predict mental health of the mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities from the magnitude of their forgiveness. To fulfill the stated goal 88 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities by means of accessible sampling procedure, and Besharat mental health…

7 CFR 1781.7 - Loan and advance limitations and obligations incurred before loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.7 Loan and advance limitations and... one or more watershed works of improvement in a single watershed project, whether made to one or more sponsoring organizations, will not exceed $10,000,000. (b) Watershed advance limitations. (1) A WS advance...

7 CFR 1781.7 - Loan and advance limitations and obligations incurred before loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.7 Loan and advance limitations and... one or more watershed works of improvement in a single watershed project, whether made to one or more sponsoring organizations, will not exceed $10,000,000. (b) Watershed advance limitations. (1) A WS advance...

7 CFR 1781.7 - Loan and advance limitations and obligations incurred before loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.7 Loan and advance limitations and... one or more watershed works of improvement in a single watershed project, whether made to one or more sponsoring organizations, will not exceed $10,000,000. (b) Watershed advance limitations. (1) A WS advance...

7 CFR 1781.7 - Loan and advance limitations and obligations incurred before loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.7 Loan and advance limitations and... one or more watershed works of improvement in a single watershed project, whether made to one or more sponsoring organizations, will not exceed $10,000,000. (b) Watershed advance limitations. (1) A WS advance...

24 CFR 242.89 - Supplemental loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Supplemental loans. 242.89 Section... DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR HOSPITALS Miscellaneous Requirements § 242.89 Supplemental loans. A loan, advance of credit...

7 CFR 1610.3 - Loan authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan authorizations. 1610.3 Section 1610.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.3 Loan authorizations. The aggregate amount of loans made will not exceed the...

7 CFR 773.22 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan servicing. 773.22 Section 773.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.22 Loan servicing. Loans will be serviced as a Non...

7 CFR 773.22 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan servicing. 773.22 Section 773.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.22 Loan servicing. Loans will be serviced as a Non...

7 CFR 773.22 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan servicing. 773.22 Section 773.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.22 Loan servicing. Loans will be serviced as a Non...

7 CFR 773.22 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 773.22 Section 773.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.22 Loan servicing. Loans will be serviced as a Non...

7 CFR 773.22 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan servicing. 773.22 Section 773.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.22 Loan servicing. Loans will be serviced as a Non...

24 CFR 280.50 - Loan requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan requirements. 280.50 Section... DEVELOPMENT GRANT PROGRAMS NEHEMIAH HOUSING OPPORTUNITY GRANTS PROGRAM Program Operation § 280.50 Loan requirements. (a) Loan requirements. A loan made to a family purchasing a home constructed or substantially...

7 CFR 1610.3 - Loan authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan authorizations. 1610.3 Section 1610.3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.3 Loan authorizations. The aggregate amount of loans made will not exceed the...

44 CFR 206.365 - Loan administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan administration. 206.365... HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Community Disaster Loans § 206.365 Loan... accordance with the Schedule of Loan Increments in the Promissory Note. As funds are disbursed, interest will...

44 CFR 206.361 - Loan program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan program. 206.361 Section... HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Community Disaster Loans § 206.361 Loan... Community Disaster Loan to any local government which has suffered a substantial loss of tax and other...

44 CFR 206.371 - Loan program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan program. 206.371 Section... HOMELAND SECURITY DISASTER ASSISTANCE FEDERAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE Community Disaster Loans § 206.371 Loan... Special Community Disaster Loan to any local government which has suffered a substantial loss of tax and...

Direct Consolidation Loan Guide for Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC.

This guide is intended to help educational institutions counsel students and parents about consolidation of federal education loans for borrowers in repayment, borrowers in default, and borrowers who are still in school. Through consolidation, borrowers may combine various types of federal education loans, including direct loans and loans made…

7 CFR 1434.18 - Loan repayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... repayment rate for marketing assistance loans for honey under this part will be in effect on a short-term... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS NONRECOURSE MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOAN AND LDP REGULATIONS FOR HONEY § 1434.18 Loan repayments. (a) A honey producer may repay a nonrecourse marketing assistance...

7 CFR 1735.73 - Loan design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan design. 1735.73 Section 1735.73 Agriculture... Funds § 1735.73 Loan design. When loan funds are requested for an acquisition, details of the proposed acquisition shall be included in the Loan Design. See 7 CFR part 1737. ...

7 CFR 1735.73 - Loan design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan design. 1735.73 Section 1735.73 Agriculture... Funds § 1735.73 Loan design. When loan funds are requested for an acquisition, details of the proposed acquisition shall be included in the Loan Design. See 7 CFR part 1737. ...

34 CFR 674.39 - Loan rehabilitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Loan rehabilitation. 674.39 Section 674.39 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.39 Loan rehabilitation. (a) Each...

34 CFR 674.39 - Loan rehabilitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan rehabilitation. 674.39 Section 674.39 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.39 Loan rehabilitation. (a) Each...

7 CFR 771.13 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan closing. 771.13 Section 771.13 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.13 Loan closing. (a) Conditions. The applicant... prior to closing. (b) Loan instruments and legal documents. The borrower, through its authorized...

7 CFR 2201.14 - Eligible Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Eligible Loan purposes. 2201.14 Section 2201.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) LOCAL TELEVISION LOAN GUARANTEE BOARD LOCAL TELEVISION LOAN GUARANTEE PROGRAM-PROGRAM REGULATIONS Loan Guarantees § 2201.14 Eligible Loan...

7 CFR 1610.4 - Loan applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan applications. 1610.4 Section 1610.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.4 Loan applications. No application for a loan will be considered for approval by the Bank...

5 CFR 1655.11 - Loan acceptance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan acceptance. 1655.11 Section 1655.11 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD LOAN PROGRAM § 1655.11 Loan acceptance. The TSP record keeper will reject a loan application if: (a) The participant is not qualified to apply for...

7 CFR 1610.4 - Loan applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan applications. 1610.4 Section 1610.4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.4 Loan applications. No application for a loan will be considered for approval by the Bank...

7 CFR 1980.481 - Insured loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Insured loans. 1980.481 Section 1980.481 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.481 Insured loans. Applications... loans in accordance with the applicable provisions of this subpart and Subpart A of Part 1942 of this...

5 CFR 1620.35 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan payments. 1620.35 Section 1620.35... Nonappropriated Fund Employees § 1620.35 Loan payments. NAF instrumentalities must deduct and transmit TSP loan... CFR part 1655 and Board procedures. Loan payments may not be deducted and transmitted for employees...

7 CFR 762.122 - Loan limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan limitations. 762.122 Section 762.122 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED FARM LOANS § 762.122 Loan limitations. (a) Dollar limits. The Agency will not guarantee any loan that would result in the applicant's total indebtedness exceeding the limits established...

34 CFR 674.12 - Loan maximums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM General Provisions § 674.12 Loan maximums. (a) The maximum annual amount of Federal Perkins Loans and NDSLs an eligible student may borrow is— (1) $5,500 for... professional student. (b) The aggregate unpaid principal amount of all Federal Perkins Loans and NDSLs received...

49 CFR 22.51 - Loan closings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan closings. 22.51 Section 22.51 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation SHORT-TERM LENDING PROGRAM (STLP) Loan Administration § 22.51 Loan closings. (a) The Participating Lender must promptly close all STLP loans in accordance with the...

7 CFR 1951.881 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... problem loan cases. (d) Written notices on payments coming due will be prepared and sent to the... copy of any correspondence or notice generated by the Administrator or designee on any delinquent loan... all intermediary loans as follows: (i) Number and amount of all loans. (ii) Total advanced on all...

7 CFR 1951.881 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... problem loan cases. (d) Written notices on payments coming due will be prepared and sent to the... copy of any correspondence or notice generated by the Administrator or designee on any delinquent loan... all intermediary loans as follows: (i) Number and amount of all loans. (ii) Total advanced on all...

7 CFR 1951.881 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... problem loan cases. (d) Written notices on payments coming due will be prepared and sent to the... copy of any correspondence or notice generated by the Administrator or designee on any delinquent loan... all intermediary loans as follows: (i) Number and amount of all loans. (ii) Total advanced on all...

7 CFR 1951.881 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... problem loan cases. (d) Written notices on payments coming due will be prepared and sent to the... copy of any correspondence or notice generated by the Administrator or designee on any delinquent loan... all intermediary loans as follows: (i) Number and amount of all loans. (ii) Total advanced on all...

31 CFR 25.400 - Loan provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan provisions. 25.400 Section 25... SALES LOANS MADE BY THE DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY AND FOREIGN MILITARY SALES LOANS MADE BY THE FEDERAL FINANCING BANK AND GUARANTEED BY THE DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY Form of Private Loan § 25...

7 CFR 771.15 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 771.15 Section 771.15 Agriculture... SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.15 Loan servicing. (a) Advances. FSA may make... advances. (b) Payments. Payments will be made to FSA as set forth in loan agreements and debt instruments...

24 CFR 573.4 - Loan term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan term. 573.4 Section 573.4 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF... COMMUNITY FACILITIES LOAN GUARANTEE RECOVERY FUND § 573.4 Loan term. The term of the loan to be guaranteed...

7 CFR 764.402 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN MAKING Loan Decision and Closing § 764.402 Loan closing. (a) Signature... information for the Agency to reconfirm approval and proceed with loan closing. (3) The Agency or closing... account will be used according to subpart B of part 761 of this chapter when these processes are not...

7 CFR 3550.152 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan payments. 3550.152 Section 3550.152 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Regular Servicing § 3550.152 Loan payments. (a) Payment terms. Unless the loan documents specify...

7 CFR 3550.152 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan payments. 3550.152 Section 3550.152 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Regular Servicing § 3550.152 Loan payments. (a) Payment terms. Unless the loan documents specify...

7 CFR 3550.152 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan payments. 3550.152 Section 3550.152 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Regular Servicing § 3550.152 Loan payments. (a) Payment terms. Unless the loan documents specify...

7 CFR 3550.152 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan payments. 3550.152 Section 3550.152 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Regular Servicing § 3550.152 Loan payments. (a) Payment terms. Unless the loan documents specify...

7 CFR 3550.152 - Loan payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan payments. 3550.152 Section 3550.152 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIRECT SINGLE FAMILY HOUSING LOANS AND GRANTS Regular Servicing § 3550.152 Loan payments. (a) Payment terms. Unless the loan documents specify...

34 CFR 674.12 - Loan maximums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan maximums. 674.12 Section 674.12 Education..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM General Provisions § 674.12 Loan maximums. (a) The maximum annual amount of Federal Perkins Loans and NDSLs an eligible student may borrow is— (1) $5,500 for...

7 CFR 1714.9 - Prepayment of insured loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... loans. This section sets out provisions for prepayment of insured electric loans at face value... than a rollover maturity date. A borrower may elect at the time of loan approval to include a... loans. Loan documents for hardship loans shall provide that the loan may be prepaid at face value at any...

76 FR 61341 - Maximum Loan Amount Available for B&I Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-04

... farther and to provide financing assistance to as many projects as possible. Limiting guaranteed loans to $10 million or less will allow the Agency to guarantee more loans and target smaller loans/projects...

76 FR 22078 - Maximum Loan Amount Available for B&I Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-20

... farther and to provide financing assistance to as many projects as possible. Limiting guaranteed loans to $10 million or less will allow the Agency to guarantee more loans and target smaller loans/projects...

7 CFR 3560.73 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... Loan requests to add units to comply with accessibility requirements may be processed as a subsequent loan; however, loan requests to add units to meet market demand will be processed as an initial loan... over a period not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the housing being financed or 50 years...

7 CFR 3560.73 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... Loan requests to add units to comply with accessibility requirements may be processed as a subsequent loan; however, loan requests to add units to meet market demand will be processed as an initial loan... over a period not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the housing being financed or 50 years...

7 CFR 3560.73 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

.... Loan requests to add units to comply with accessibility requirements may be processed as a subsequent loan; however, loan requests to add units to meet market demand will be processed as an initial loan... over a period not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the housing being financed or 50 years...

7 CFR 3560.73 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... Loan requests to add units to comply with accessibility requirements may be processed as a subsequent loan; however, loan requests to add units to meet market demand will be processed as an initial loan... over a period not to exceed the lesser of the economic life of the housing being financed or 50 years...

7 CFR 1942.123 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Loan closing. 1942.123 Section 1942.123 Agriculture... Loan closing. (a) Ordering loan checks. Checks will not be ordered until: (1) Form FmHA or its... closing instructions, except for those actions which are to be completed on the date of loan closing or...

7 CFR 1942.7 - Loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 13 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Loan closing. 1942.7 Section 1942.7 Agriculture... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) ASSOCIATIONS Community Facility Loans § 1942.7 Loan closing. Loans will be closed in accordance with the closing instructions issued by the OGC and § 1942.17(o) of this subpart and as soon as...

7 CFR 4280.161 - Direct Loan Process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Efficiency Improvements Program Section C. Direct Loans § 4280.161 Direct Loan Process. (a) The Agency will... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Direct Loan Process. 4280.161 Section 4280.161...; (13) Letter of Conditions, loan agreement, and loan closing process; (14) Processing and servicing of...

38 CFR 36.4504 - Loan closing expenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan closing expenses. 36...) LOAN GUARANTY Direct Loans § 36.4504 Loan closing expenses. (a) Department of Veterans Affairs will designate a loan closer to represent the Department of Veterans Affairs at the closing and in advance...

38 CFR 36.4524 - Sale of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sale of loans. 36.4524 Section 36.4524 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (CONTINUED) LOAN GUARANTY Direct Loans § 36.4524 Sale of loans. In the event a direct loan is purchased from the Department...

38 CFR 36.4524 - Sale of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sale of loans. 36.4524 Section 36.4524 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (CONTINUED) LOAN GUARANTY Direct Loans § 36.4524 Sale of loans. In the event a direct loan is purchased from the Department...

49 CFR 22.63 - Loan close outs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan close outs. 22.63 Section 22.63 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation SHORT-TERM LENDING PROGRAM (STLP) Loan Administration § 22.63 Loan close outs. Upon full repayment of the STLP loan, or upon expiration of the loan guarantee...

7 CFR 1927.56 - Scheduling loan closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scheduling loan closing. 1927.56 Section 1927.56... REGULATIONS TITLE CLEARANCE AND LOAN CLOSING Real Estate Title Clearance and Loan Closing § 1927.56 Scheduling loan closing. The agency, in coordination with the closing agent, will arrange a loan closing and send...

7 CFR 4280.311 - Loan provisions for Agency loans to microlenders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... administer by making and servicing microloans in one or more rural areas. (b) Eligible activities... the microlender's lending policies and procedures shall limit the microlender's loan to the... will accrue interest at a rate of 1 or 2 percent based on the ultimate interest rate on the loan...

7 CFR 4280.311 - Loan provisions for Agency loans to microlenders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... administer by making and servicing microloans in one or more rural areas. (b) Eligible activities... the microlender's lending policies and procedures shall limit the microlender's loan to the... will accrue interest at a rate of 1 or 2 percent based on the ultimate interest rate on the loan...

12 CFR 32.6 - Nonconforming loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nonconforming loans. 32.6 Section 32.6 Banks... Nonconforming loans. (a) A loan, within a bank's legal lending limit when made, will not be deemed a violation but will be treated as nonconforming if the loan is no longer in conformity with the bank's lending...

24 CFR 1007.35 - Loan terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Loan terms. 1007.35 Section 1007.35... LOAN GUARANTEES FOR NATIVE HAWAIIAN HOUSING § 1007.35 Loan terms. To be eligible for guarantee under this part, the loan shall: (a) Be made for a term not exceeding 30 years; (b) Bear interest (exclusive...

38 CFR 6.13 - Policy loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy loans. 6.13... GOVERNMENT LIFE INSURANCE Loans § 6.13 Policy loans. At any time after the first policy year and upon the execution of a loan agreement satisfactory to the Secretary the United States will lend to the insured on...

38 CFR 8.13 - Policy loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy loans. 8.13... INSURANCE Cash Value and Policy Loan § 8.13 Policy loans. (a) At any time after the premiums for the first... the execution of a loan agreement satisfactory to the Secretary, the United States will lend to the...

7 CFR 1776.16 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Loan servicing. 1776.16 Section 1776.16 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.16 Loan servicing. (a) If RUS... administrative expense as provided in § 1776.13. (b) If RUS determines that CSC is not able to service HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.16 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1776.16 Section 1776.16 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.16 Loan servicing. (a) If RUS... administrative expense as provided in § 1776.13. (b) If RUS determines that CSC is not able to service HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.16 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1776.16 Section 1776.16 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.16 Loan servicing. (a) If RUS... administrative expense as provided in § 1776.13. (b) If RUS determines that CSC is not able to service HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.16 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1776.16 Section 1776.16 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.16 Loan servicing. (a) If RUS... administrative expense as provided in § 1776.13. (b) If RUS determines that CSC is not able to service HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.16 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1776.16 Section 1776.16 Agriculture... (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.16 Loan servicing. (a) If RUS... administrative expense as provided in § 1776.13. (b) If RUS determines that CSC is not able to service HWWS loans...

5 CFR 1604.10 - Loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loans. 1604.10 Section 1604.10 Administrative Personnel FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD UNIFORMED SERVICES ACCOUNTS § 1604.10 Loans. A service member may be eligible for a TSP loan as described at 5 CFR part 1655, with the following...

Guide to Direct Consolidation Loans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC.

Intended for financial aid counselors, this document provides guidelines to the Federal Direct Consolidation Loan Program for borrowers who are in school, as well as those in repayment, or in default. An introductory section explains the basics of the consolidated loan program, loan categories, and interest rates. Next, standards for borrower…

Fast to forgive, slow to retaliate: intuitive responses in the ultimatum game depend on the degree of unfairness.

PubMed

Ferguson, Eamonn; Maltby, John; Bibby, Peter A; Lawrence, Claire

2014-01-01

Evolutionary accounts have difficulty explaining why people cooperate with anonymous strangers they will never meet. Recently models, focusing on emotional processing, have been proposed as a potential explanation, with attention focusing on a dual systems approach based on system 1 (fast, intuitive, automatic, effortless, and emotional) and system 2 (slow, reflective, effortful, proactive and unemotional). Evidence shows that when cooperation is salient, people are fast (system 1) to cooperate, but with longer delays (system 2) they show greed. This is interpreted within the framework of the social heuristic hypothesis (SHH), whereby people overgeneralize potentially advantageous intuitively learnt and internalization social norms to 'atypical' situations. We extend this to explore intuitive reactions to unfairness by integrating the SHH with the 'fast to forgive, slow to anger' (FFSA) heuristic. This suggests that it is advantageous to be prosocial when facing uncertainty. We propose that whether or not someone intuitively shows prosociality (cooperation) or retaliation is moderated by the degree (certainty) of unfairness. People should intuitively cooperate when facing mild levels of unfairness (fast to forgive) but when given longer to decide about another's mild level of unfairness should retaliate (slow to anger). However, when facing severe levels of unfairness, the intuitive response is always retaliation. We test this using a series of one-shot ultimatum games and manipulate level of offer unfairness (50:50 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10) and enforced time delays prior to responding (1s, 2s, 8s, 15s). We also measure decision times to make responses after the time delays. The results show that when facing mildly unfair offers (60:40) people are fast (intuitive) to cooperate but with longer delays reject these mildly unfair offers: 'fast to forgive, and slow to retaliate'. However, for severely unfair offers (90:10) the intuitive and fast response is to always

Fast to Forgive, Slow to Retaliate: Intuitive Responses in the Ultimatum Game Depend on the Degree of Unfairness

PubMed Central

Ferguson, Eamonn; Maltby, John; Bibby, Peter A.; Lawrence, Claire

2014-01-01

Evolutionary accounts have difficulty explaining why people cooperate with anonymous strangers they will never meet. Recently models, focusing on emotional processing, have been proposed as a potential explanation, with attention focusing on a dual systems approach based on system 1 (fast, intuitive, automatic, effortless, and emotional) and system 2 (slow, reflective, effortful, proactive and unemotional). Evidence shows that when cooperation is salient, people are fast (system 1) to cooperate, but with longer delays (system 2) they show greed. This is interpreted within the framework of the social heuristic hypothesis (SHH), whereby people overgeneralize potentially advantageous intuitively learnt and internalization social norms to ‘atypical’ situations. We extend this to explore intuitive reactions to unfairness by integrating the SHH with the ‘fast to forgive, slow to anger’ (FFSA) heuristic. This suggests that it is advantageous to be prosocial when facing uncertainty. We propose that whether or not someone intuitively shows prosociality (cooperation) or retaliation is moderated by the degree (certainty) of unfairness. People should intuitively cooperate when facing mild levels of unfairness (fast to forgive) but when given longer to decide about another's mild level of unfairness should retaliate (slow to anger). However, when facing severe levels of unfairness, the intuitive response is always retaliation. We test this using a series of one-shot ultimatum games and manipulate level of offer unfairness (50:50 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10) and enforced time delays prior to responding (1s, 2s, 8s, 15s). We also measure decision times to make responses after the time delays. The results show that when facing mildly unfair offers (60:40) people are fast (intuitive) to cooperate but with longer delays reject these mildly unfair offers: ‘fast to forgive, and slow to retaliate’. However, for severely unfair offers (90:10) the intuitive and fast response

A Novel Approach: Using Literary Writing and Creative Interventions for Working toward Forgiveness after Relationship Dissolution and Divorce

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valadez, Albert A.; Evans, Marcheta

2005-01-01

The relationship between empathy and forgiveness is explored through the painful experience of divorce and relationship loss. Authors propose a literary exercise, the Novel Approach, to help clients discover the power of empathy and find resolution to past pains. Included is a case study used to describe the Novel Approach and to highlight its…

EDExpress, 2000-2001: Direct Loan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC. Student Financial Assistance.

This workbook covers all the processes needed to administer the federal direct loan program in schools; it requires familiarity with the basic concepts found in the "Direct Loan School Guide." The eight units of instruction include: Unit 1: an overview; Unit 2: processing loan records, including the EDExpress setup, the processing cycle,…

Guaranteed Loans: Just Plain Expensive

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petri, Thomas E.

2007-01-01

The investigation of New York State's attorney general, Andrew M. Cuomo, into the questionable practices of lenders in federal student-loan programs has helped raise public awareness of one of the greatest scams in our government: The Federal Family Education Loan program, otherwise known as the guaranteed-student-loan program, is unnecessarily…

75 FR 27660 - Loan Policies and Operations; Loan Purchases From FDIC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... business. \\2\\ While a System institution could not qualify as a franchise purchaser, it could possibly pair with a non-System lender where that lender could buy the deposits and other loans leaving the System institution to buy the agricultural loans. FCA regulations currently provide that a System institution may not...

7 CFR 1737.32 - Loan Design (LD).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Studies-Area Coverage Survey and Loan Design § 1737.32 Loan Design (LD). (a) A loan application requires supporting data collectively called a “Loan Design.” The LD contains a forecast of service requirements and a... 7 Agriculture 11 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan Design (LD). 1737.32 Section 1737.32 Agriculture...

7 CFR 1737.32 - Loan Design (LD).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Studies-Area Coverage Survey and Loan Design § 1737.32 Loan Design (LD). (a) A loan application requires supporting data collectively called a “Loan Design.” The LD contains a forecast of service requirements and a... 7 Agriculture 11 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan Design (LD). 1737.32 Section 1737.32 Agriculture...

7 CFR 1737.32 - Loan Design (LD).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Studies-Area Coverage Survey and Loan Design § 1737.32 Loan Design (LD). (a) A loan application requires supporting data collectively called a “Loan Design.” The LD contains a forecast of service requirements and a... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan Design (LD). 1737.32 Section 1737.32 Agriculture...

7 CFR 1737.32 - Loan Design (LD).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Studies-Area Coverage Survey and Loan Design § 1737.32 Loan Design (LD). (a) A loan application requires supporting data collectively called a “Loan Design.” The LD contains a forecast of service requirements and a... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan Design (LD). 1737.32 Section 1737.32 Agriculture...

7 CFR 1737.32 - Loan Design (LD).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Studies-Area Coverage Survey and Loan Design § 1737.32 Loan Design (LD). (a) A loan application requires supporting data collectively called a “Loan Design.” The LD contains a forecast of service requirements and a... 7 Agriculture 11 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan Design (LD). 1737.32 Section 1737.32 Agriculture...

Student Loan Financing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ginsberg, Edward; Ginsberg, Susan

1989-01-01

The Guaranteed Student Loan program is big business and risky for everyone except the lending institutions. Students who default on their loans now risk tougher penalties, and the federal government must foot the bill when students don't repay. The default problem varies by state and lending institution. Some California figures are provided. (MLH)

38 CFR 36.4204 - Loan purposes, maximum loan amounts and terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Loan purposes, maximum loan amounts and terms. 36.4204 Section 36.4204 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF... which to place such home; (4) To purchase a double-wide manufactured home; (5) To purchase a double-wide...

Private Loans: Facts and Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute for College Access & Success, 2014

2014-01-01

Private loans are one of the riskiest ways to finance a college education. Like credit cards, they typically have variable interest rates. Both variable and fixed rates are higher for those who can least afford them--as high as 13% in June 2014. Private loans are not eligible for the important deferment, income-based repayment, or loan forgiveness…

7 CFR 3550.52 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... added to the loan amount in excess of the area loan limit and appraised value of the house. (e) Loan... and approved furnaces and space heaters that use fuel that is commonly used, economical, and...

7 CFR 3550.52 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... added to the loan amount in excess of the area loan limit and appraised value of the house. (e) Loan... and approved furnaces and space heaters that use fuel that is commonly used, economical, and...

7 CFR 773.7 - Loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.7 Loan uses. Loan funds may be used for any of the following purposes related to the production or marketing of apples: (a) Payment of costs associated with...

7 CFR 773.7 - Loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.7 Loan uses. Loan funds may be used for any of the following purposes related to the production or marketing of apples: (a) Payment of costs associated with...

7 CFR 773.7 - Loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.7 Loan uses. Loan funds may be used for any of the following purposes related to the production or marketing of apples: (a) Payment of costs associated with...

7 CFR 773.7 - Loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.7 Loan uses. Loan funds may be used for any of the following purposes related to the production or marketing of apples: (a) Payment of costs associated with...

7 CFR 773.7 - Loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.7 Loan uses. Loan funds may be used for any of the following purposes related to the production or marketing of apples: (a) Payment of costs associated with...

Student Loan Programs: Lower Interest Rates and Higher Loan Volume Have Increased Federal Consolidation Loan Costs. Testimony before the Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives. GAO-04-568T

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US General Accounting Office, 2004

2004-01-01

This statement focuses on issues related to consolidation loans and their cost implications for taxpayers and borrowers. Consolidation loans, available under the Department of Education?s (Education's) two major student loan programs?the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) and the William D. Ford Direct Loan Program (FDLP)?help borrowers…

Iowa Chiropractic Students Outlook for Practitioners and Need for State-Funded Assistance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greiner, Keith

This state-mandated study examined the needs of Iowa chiropractic students and the Iowa demand for chiropractic health care in order to determine the feasibility of establishing a chiropractic forgivable loan program. The project used financial aid data and repayment rate data to evaluate the need for financial aid for chiropractic students;…

77 FR 31993 - Loan Workouts and Nonaccrual Policy, and Regulatory Reporting of Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-31

...) instructions for reporting past due status on TDRs, many FICUs maintain separate, manual delinquency... loan delinquency based on restructured contract terms rather than the original loan terms. To that end... loan on nonaccrual status has no impact on the borrower's contractual obligation to the FICU. c...

78 FR 76593 - Maximum Loan Amount for Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2014

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-18

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Rural Business-Cooperative Service Maximum Loan Amount for Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2014 AGENCY: Rural Business-Cooperative Service, USDA. ACTION... limited program funds that are expected for Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 for the B&I Guaranteed Loan Program, the...

Student Consolidation Loans: Potential Effects of Making Fiscal Year 2006 Consolidation Loans Exclusively through the Direct Loan Program. Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives. GAO-06-195

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashby, Cornelia M.

2005-01-01

Under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) and the Federal Direct Loan Program (FDLP), the government guarantees and makes consolidation loans to help borrowers manage their student loan debt. By combining loans into one and extending repayment, monthly repayments are reduced. Unlike other student loans, consolidation loans carry a…

12 CFR 561.30 - Nonresidential construction loan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS AFFECTING ALL SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS § 561.30 Nonresidential construction loan. The term nonresidential construction loan means a loan for construction of other than one or more dwelling units. ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nonresidential construction loan. 561.30...

7 CFR 1980.411 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Business and Industrial Loan Program § 1980.411 Loan purposes. Loans to... improving, developing or financing business, industry and employment and improving the economic and...

7 CFR 1421.7 - Requesting marketing assistance loans and loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... agreement or loan deficiency payment application on or before the applicable final loan availability date... harvested: barley, canola, flaxseed, oats, rapeseed, crambe, sesame seed, and wheat. (2) May 31 of the year following the year in which the following crops are normally harvested: corn, grain sorghum, mustard seed...

7 CFR 1421.7 - Requesting marketing assistance loans and loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... agreement or loan deficiency payment application on or before the applicable final loan availability date... harvested: barley, canola, flaxseed, oats, rapeseed, crambe, sesame seed, and wheat. (2) May 31 of the year following the year in which the following crops are normally harvested: corn, grain sorghum, mustard seed...

7 CFR 1421.7 - Requesting marketing assistance loans and loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... agreement or loan deficiency payment application on or before the applicable final loan availability date... harvested: barley, canola, flaxseed, oats, rapeseed, crambe, sesame seed, and wheat. (2) May 31 of the year following the year in which the following crops are normally harvested: corn, grain sorghum, mustard seed...

7 CFR 764.231 - Conservation loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... timber management, erosion control, or shelter belt purposes; (3) The installation of water conservation... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Conservation loan uses. 764.231 Section 764.231... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN MAKING Conservation Loan Program § 764.231 Conservation loan uses. (a...

7 CFR 764.231 - Conservation loan uses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... timber management, erosion control, or shelter belt purposes; (3) The installation of water conservation... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Conservation loan uses. 764.231 Section 764.231... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN MAKING Conservation Loan Program § 764.231 Conservation loan uses. (a...

7 CFR 1714.8 - Hardship rate loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hardship rate loans. 1714.8 Section 1714.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PRE-LOAN POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR INSURED ELECTRIC LOANS General § 1714.8 Hardship rate loans...

7 CFR 1421.14 - Obtaining peanut loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Obtaining peanut loans. 1421.14 Section 1421.14... peanut loans. (a) Peanuts loans to individual producers may be obtained through: (1) County offices; or... presented for disbursement unless the peanuts pledged as collateral for the marketing assistance loan is...

7 CFR 1421.14 - Obtaining peanut loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Obtaining peanut loans. 1421.14 Section 1421.14... peanut loans. (a) Peanuts loans to individual producers may be obtained through: (1) County offices; or... presented for disbursement unless the peanuts pledged as collateral for the marketing assistance loan is...

49 CFR 22.61 - Loan guarantee extensions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan guarantee extensions. 22.61 Section 22.61 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation SHORT-TERM LENDING PROGRAM (STLP) Loan Administration § 22.61 Loan guarantee extensions. An extension of the original loan guarantee may be requested, in...

7 CFR 1421.113 - Recourse marketing assistance loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Recourse marketing assistance loans. 1421.113 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.113 Recourse marketing assistance loans. (a) CCC shall make recourse marketing assistance...

7 CFR 1421.113 - Recourse marketing assistance loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Recourse marketing assistance loans. 1421.113 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.113 Recourse marketing assistance loans. (a) CCC shall make recourse marketing assistance...

7 CFR 1421.113 - Recourse marketing assistance loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Recourse marketing assistance loans. 1421.113 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.113 Recourse marketing assistance loans. (a) CCC shall make recourse marketing assistance...

HUD PowerSaver Pilot Loan Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zimring, Mark; Hoffman, Ian

2010-12-10

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) recently announced the creation of a pilot loan program for home energy improvements. The PowerSaver loan program is a new, energy-focused variant of the Title I Property Improvement Loan Insurance Program (Title I Program) and is planned for introduction in early 2011. The PowerSaver pilot will provide lender insurance for secured and unsecured loans up to $25,000 to single family homeowners. These loans will specifically target residential energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements. HUD estimates the two-year pilot will fund approximately 24,000 loans worth up to $300 million; the program ismore » not capped. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), HUD's mortgage insurance unit, will provide up to $25 million in grants as incentives to participating lenders. FHA is seeking lenders in communities with existing programs for promoting residential energy upgrades.« less

13 CFR 120.400 - Loan Guarantee Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan Guarantee Agreements. 120.400 Section 120.400 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders § 120.400 Loan Guarantee Agreements. SBA may enter into a Loan Guarantee Agreement with a Lender to make...

13 CFR 120.400 - Loan Guarantee Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan Guarantee Agreements. 120.400 Section 120.400 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Lenders § 120.400 Loan Guarantee Agreements. SBA may enter into a Loan Guarantee Agreement with a Lender to make...

7 CFR 1776.15 - Terms of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Terms of loans. 1776.15 Section 1776.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.15 Terms of loans. (a) HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.15 - Terms of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Terms of loans. 1776.15 Section 1776.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.15 Terms of loans. (a) HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.15 - Terms of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Terms of loans. 1776.15 Section 1776.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.15 Terms of loans. (a) HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.15 - Terms of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Terms of loans. 1776.15 Section 1776.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.15 Terms of loans. (a) HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1776.15 - Terms of loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Terms of loans. 1776.15 Section 1776.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) HOUSEHOLD WATER WELL SYSTEM GRANT PROGRAM HWWS Loans § 1776.15 Terms of loans. (a) HWWS loans...

7 CFR 1951.860 - Interest on loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Interest on loans. (a) RDLF intermediaries: When the RDLF loan portfolio was transferred from HHS to USDA... Law 103-354 to determine the weighted average of the loan portfolio, the RDLF intermediary will be required to complete a weighted loan average rate on its outstanding portfolio. The schedule prepared for...

7 CFR 1421.104 - Marketing assistance loan making.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Marketing assistance loan making. 1421.104 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.104 Marketing assistance loan making. (a)(1) CCC will conduct lien searches with respect to...

7 CFR 1421.104 - Marketing assistance loan making.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Marketing assistance loan making. 1421.104 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.104 Marketing assistance loan making. (a)(1) CCC may conduct such lien searches, and may...

7 CFR 1421.104 - Marketing assistance loan making.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Marketing assistance loan making. 1421.104 Section... COMMODITIES-MARKETING ASSISTANCE LOANS AND LOAN DEFICIENCY PAYMENTS FOR 2008 THROUGH 2012 Marketing Assistance Loans § 1421.104 Marketing assistance loan making. (a)(1) CCC may conduct such lien searches, and may...

Repayment policy for multiple loans

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The Repayment Policy for Multiple Loans is about a given set of loans and a monthly incoming cash flow: what is the best way to allocate the monthly income to repay such loans? In this article, we close the almost 20-year-old open question about how to model the repayment policy for multiple loans problem together with its computational complexity. Thus, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model that establishes an optimal repayment schedule by minimizing the total amount of cash required to repay the loans. We prove that the most employed repayment strategies, such as the highest interest debt and the debt snowball methods, are not optimal. Experimental results on simulated cases based on real data show that our methodology obtains on average more than 4% of savings, that is, the debtor pays approximately 4% less to the bank or loaner, which is a considerable amount in finances. In certain cases, the debtor can save up to 40%. PMID:28430786

7 CFR 3555.101 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-wall carpeting, ovens, ranges, refrigerators, washing machines, clothes dryers, heating and cooling... the loan amount to be guaranteed. (c) Combination construction and permanent loan. Loan funds may be used and Rural Development will guarantee a “combination construction and permanent loan” as defined at...

7 CFR 1737.60 - Telephone loan budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Telephone loan budget. 1737.60 Section 1737.60... Cost Estimation Procedures § 1737.60 Telephone loan budget. (a) RUS shall prepare a “Telephone Loan Budget” (RUS Form 493) showing all costs for the proposed project and the amount of loan and nonloan...

7 CFR 1427.23 - Cotton loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cotton loan deficiency payments. 1427.23 Section 1427..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Nonrecourse Cotton Loan and Loan Deficiency Payments § 1427.23 Cotton loan deficiency payments. (a) In order to be eligible to receive such...

7 CFR 1427.23 - Cotton loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Cotton loan deficiency payments. 1427.23 Section 1427..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Nonrecourse Cotton Loan and Loan Deficiency Payments § 1427.23 Cotton loan deficiency payments. (a) In order to be eligible to receive such...

7 CFR 1427.23 - Cotton loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cotton loan deficiency payments. 1427.23 Section 1427..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Nonrecourse Cotton Loan and Loan Deficiency Payments § 1427.23 Cotton loan deficiency payments. (a) In order to be eligible to receive such...

7 CFR 1427.23 - Cotton loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cotton loan deficiency payments. 1427.23 Section 1427..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Nonrecourse Cotton Loan and Loan Deficiency Payments § 1427.23 Cotton loan deficiency payments. (a) In order to be eligible to receive such...

7 CFR 1427.23 - Cotton loan deficiency payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Cotton loan deficiency payments. 1427.23 Section 1427..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS COTTON Nonrecourse Cotton Loan and Loan Deficiency Payments § 1427.23 Cotton loan deficiency payments. (a) In order to be eligible to receive such...

7 CFR 1822.279 - Loan supervision and servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan supervision and servicing. 1822.279 Section 1822... Loan Policies, Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.279 Loan supervision and servicing. Loan supervision and loan servicing will be provided according to 7 CFR part 3560. [69 FR 69104, Nov. 26, 2004] ...

7 CFR 1822.279 - Loan supervision and servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan supervision and servicing. 1822.279 Section 1822... Loan Policies, Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.279 Loan supervision and servicing. Loan supervision and loan servicing will be provided according to 7 CFR part 3560. [69 FR 69104, Nov. 26, 2004] ...

7 CFR 1822.279 - Loan supervision and servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan supervision and servicing. 1822.279 Section 1822... Loan Policies, Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.279 Loan supervision and servicing. Loan supervision and loan servicing will be provided according to 7 CFR part 3560. [69 FR 69104, Nov. 26, 2004] ...

7 CFR 1822.279 - Loan supervision and servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan supervision and servicing. 1822.279 Section 1822... Loan Policies, Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.279 Loan supervision and servicing. Loan supervision and loan servicing will be provided according to 7 CFR part 3560. [69 FR 69104, Nov. 26, 2004] ...

7 CFR 1822.279 - Loan supervision and servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Loan supervision and servicing. 1822.279 Section 1822... Loan Policies, Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.279 Loan supervision and servicing. Loan supervision and loan servicing will be provided according to 7 CFR part 3560. [69 FR 69104, Nov. 26, 2004] ...

78 FR 691 - Maximum Loan Amount for Business and Industry Guaranteed Loans in Fiscal Year 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-04

... provide financing assistance to as many projects as possible. In order for an existing B&I guaranteed loan...: (1) Qualify as a high priority project (a requirement of 7 CFR 4279.119(a)(1)(i)), scoring at least... more loans and target smaller loans/projects impacting more small businesses and will assist the Agency...

7 CFR 1781.22 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Subsequent loans. 1781.22 Section 1781.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.22...

7 CFR 1781.22 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Subsequent loans. 1781.22 Section 1781.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.22...

7 CFR 1781.22 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Subsequent loans. 1781.22 Section 1781.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.22...

7 CFR 1781.22 - Subsequent loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Subsequent loans. 1781.22 Section 1781.22 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (RCD) LOANS AND WATERSHED (WS) LOANS AND ADVANCES § 1781.22...

7 CFR 773.18 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan application. 773.18 Section 773.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.18 Loan application. (a) A complete application will...

7 CFR 773.18 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan application. 773.18 Section 773.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.18 Loan application. (a) A complete application will...

7 CFR 773.18 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan application. 773.18 Section 773.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.18 Loan application. (a) A complete application will...

7 CFR 773.18 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Loan application. 773.18 Section 773.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.18 Loan application. (a) A complete application will...

7 CFR 773.18 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan application. 773.18 Section 773.18 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.18 Loan application. (a) A complete application will...

7 CFR 1779.69 - Loan servicing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Loan servicing. 1779.69 Section 1779.69 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) WATER AND WASTE DISPOSAL PROGRAMS GUARANTEED LOANS § 1779.69 Loan servicing. (a) Lender...

7 CFR 3431.15 - Qualifying loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Qualifying loans. 3431.15 Section 3431.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Administration of the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program § 3431.15...

7 CFR 3431.15 - Qualifying loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Qualifying loans. 3431.15 Section 3431.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Administration of the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program § 3431.15...

7 CFR 3431.15 - Qualifying loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Qualifying loans. 3431.15 Section 3431.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE VETERINARY MEDICINE LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM Administration of the Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program § 3431.15...

7 CFR 774.17 - Loan application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01