2011 State Teacher Policy Yearbook. North Dakota

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2011

2011-01-01

For five years running, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) has tracked states' teacher policies, preparing a detailed and thorough compendium of teacher policy in the United States on topics related to teacher preparation, licensure, evaluation, career advancement, tenure, compensation, pensions and dismissal. The "2011 State…

2011 State Teacher Policy Yearbook. New York

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2011

2011-01-01

For five years running, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) has tracked states' teacher policies, preparing a detailed and thorough compendium of teacher policy in the United States on topics related to teacher preparation, licensure, evaluation, career advancement, tenure, compensation, pensions and dismissal. The "2011 State…

2011 State Teacher Policy Yearbook. New Hampshire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2011

2011-01-01

For five years running, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) has tracked states' teacher policies, preparing a detailed and thorough compendium of teacher policy in the United States on topics related to teacher preparation, licensure, evaluation, career advancement, tenure, compensation, pensions and dismissal. The 2011 State Teacher…

2011 State Teacher Policy Yearbook. New Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2011

2011-01-01

For five years running, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) has tracked states' teacher policies, preparing a detailed and thorough compendium of teacher policy in the United States on topics related to teacher preparation, licensure, evaluation, career advancement, tenure, compensation, pensions and dismissal. The 2011 State Teacher…

Selection on spur shape in Impatiens capensis.

PubMed

Young, Helen J

2008-06-01

Rapid speciation within some plant families has been attributed to the evolution of floral spurs and to the effect of spur length on plant reproductive success. The flowers of Impatiens capensis (jewelweed) possess a long, curved spur in which nectar is produced and stored. Spur length and curvature varies among plants within one population. Here I document that spur shape is variable in natural populations, variation within plants is less than variation among plants, and spur shape is correlated with components of female and male reproductive success. The apparent natural selection is weakly directional in 1 of 2 years, with greatest seed production and pollen removal occurring in flowers with the greatest spur curvature. Bee pollinator visit length is longest at flowers with highly curved spurs, and they leave less nectar in these spurs than in flowers with straighter spurs. Spur angle evolution may be limited, at least in part, by opposing selection by nectar-robbers who prefer to visit flowers with greater spur curvature. Other factors that might contribute to the maintenance of spur angle variation are temporal variation in the strength of selection and potential genetic correlations of spur shape with other traits under selection.

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. National Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The 2009 edition of the "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) third annual review of state laws, rules and regulations that govern the teaching profession. This year's report is a comprehensive analysis of the full range of each state's teacher policies, measured against a realistic…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: Progress on Teacher Quality, 2007. Colorado State Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2007

2007-01-01

The "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" examines what is arguably the single most powerful authority over the teaching profession: state government. This Colorado edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the first of what will be an annual look at the status of state policies…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Connecticut

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This Connecticut edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Tennessee

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This Tennessee edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Hawaii

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The Hawaii edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Idaho

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The Idaho edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Utah

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This Utah edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Maine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This Maine edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Alaska

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The Alaska edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Kansas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosen, Kelli M.; Madden, Trisha M.; Maltz, Stephanie T.; Myers-Preston, Tracey L.

2009-01-01

This Kansas edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Kentucky

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The Kentucky edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. Iowa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The Iowa edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

Teacher Power Mediates the Effects of Technology Policies on Teacher Credibility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finn, Amber N.; Ledbetter, Andrew M.

2013-01-01

In this study, we examined the relationship between perceived technology policies and perceived teacher credibility, as well as the extent to which teachers' use of power bases mediates this association. Participants included 294 undergraduate students from a private university in the Southwest. Results revealed that policies encouraging…

Early Career Teachers in Australia: A Critical Policy Historiography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mockler, Nicole

2018-01-01

Amid the growing "teacher quality" discourse, early career teachers have increasingly been positioned as problematic in Australian education policy discourses over the past decade. This paper uses a critical policy historiography approach to compare representations of early career teachers in two key education policy documents, from the…

Analysis of the Policies for Female Teachers in Korea.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Min, Moo Sook

2000-01-01

Reviews Korean female-teacher-related policies, focusing on: policies for improving the working conditions of women in schools; promotion-related policies for facilitating female teachers' advancement to administrative posts; and a gender-quota system for reducing the proportion of female teachers in the teaching profession. The paper concludes…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: Progress on Teacher Quality, 2007. New Jersey State Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2007

2007-01-01

The "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" examines what is arguably the single most powerful authority over the teaching profession: state government. This New Jersey edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the first of what will be an annual look at the status of state…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: Progress on Teacher Quality, 2007. New Mexico State Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2007

2007-01-01

The "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" examines what is arguably the single most powerful authority over the teaching profession: state government. This New Mexico edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the first of what will be an annual look at the status of state…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: Progress on Teacher Quality, 2007. New Hampshire State Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2007

2007-01-01

The "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" examines what is arguably the single most powerful authority over the teaching profession: state government. This New Hampshire edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the first of what will be an annual look at the status of state…

Fifty Years of Federal Teacher Policy: An Appraisal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sykes, Gary; Dibner, Kenne

2009-01-01

Federal policy directed to teaching and teachers is the subject of this review, which is organized around: (1) recruitment; (2) training; (3) accountability; (4) incentives; (5) qualifications; (6) class size reduction; (teacher working conditions; and (8) human resource management and the overall coordination of teacher policy. For each theme,…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. Alabama

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

This paper presents the Alabama edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook". The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals examine…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. Idaho

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

This report presents the Idaho edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook." The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals examine…

The Refusal: Teachers Making Policy in NYC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malsbary, Christine Brigid

2016-01-01

Drawing on empirical sources, I argue that teachers' actions to remove district-mandated testing from their classrooms are a form of teacher policy-making. Analysis of interviews with teacher activists and records of teachers' activism meetings show that teachers perceive belonging, trust, and community as critical to their efforts to provide…

Teacher Competence Frameworks in Europe: Policy-as-Discourse and Policy-as-Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caena, Francesca

2014-01-01

This article analyses the growing focus on teacher competences in European policy discourse against the backdrop of global convergences in education reforms. It traces key ideas, policy recommendations, peer learning and documents which underscore the relevance of teacher quality for education improvement, as recently stressed in the European…

Layoff Policies Could Diminish Teacher Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawchuk, Stephen

2009-01-01

This article reports that with the poor economy endangering more novice teachers' jobs, researchers and policymakers have begun to question the human-capital costs of "last hired, first fired" layoff policies. Such layoffs, those experts argue, do not consider teacher effectiveness, meaning that teachers who make vital contributions to school…

The Expanding Federal Role in Teacher Workforce Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Superfine, Benjamin M.; Gottlieb, Jessica J.; Smylie, Mark A.

2012-01-01

This article examines the recent expansion of the federal role into teacher workforce policy, primarily as embodied by the Race to the Top Fund of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Such recent federal teacher workforce policy reflects an important expansion of the federal role into a policy domain that deserves more attention. The…

Framing Teacher Education: Conceptions of Teaching, Teacher Education, and Justice in Chilean National Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernández, M. Beatriz

2018-01-01

Chile shows high inequity and socioeconomic stratification in both K-12 education and teacher preparation. Drawing on the notion of frames, this critical policy analysis examines how teaching, teacher education, and justice were conceptualized in Chile's teacher preparation policies between 2008-2015. It also analyzes the narrative stories…

Teacher Leadership: Federal Policy Recommendations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gran, Jackie; Young, Margaret; Broin, Alexandra

2015-01-01

This policy brief was developed specifically for federal policymakers, and builds upon the policy recommendations included in "Leading from Every Seat: Empowering Principals to Cultivate Teacher Leadership for School Improvement." The recommendations in this report include the following: (1) Uncover New Leadership Ideas and Seed…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. New Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This New Mexico edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. New Hampshire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This New Hampshire edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. South Carolina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This South Carolina edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. New Jersey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This New Jersey edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. North Carolina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This North Carolina edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. New York

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The New York edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on teacher…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. South Dakota

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

This South Dakota edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive impact on…

The Work of Teacher Educators: An English Policy Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Childs, Ann

2013-01-01

This paper focuses on the Conservative-Liberal coalition government's policy in teacher education in England and its implications for the work of teacher educators. It does this by considering, for example, policy documents and the speeches of key politicians responsible for policy formulation. It argues that policies influenced by the neoliberal…

Can a District-Level Teacher Salary Incentive Policy Improve Teacher Recruitment and Retention? Policy Brief 13-4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hough, Heather J.; Loeb, Susanna

2013-01-01

In this policy brief, Heather Hough and Susanna Loeb examine the effect of the Quality Teacher and Education Act of 2008 (QTEA) on teacher recruitment, retention, and overall teacher quality in the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD). They provide evidence that a salary increase can improve a school district's attractiveness within their…

Responses to Including Parents in Teacher Evaluation Policy: A Critical Policy Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernández, Erica; LeChasseur, Kimberly; Donaldson, Morgaen L.

2018-01-01

The intersection of development in family and school settings has been well established and education policies have begun to promote ways to bridge the two contexts (i.e. teacher evaluations). For this manuscript, authors focus on how teachers and principals used a state educator evaluation policy to position parents as authorities on education.…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. South Carolina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

This paper presents the South Carolina edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook". The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. New Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

This paper presents the New Mexico edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook". The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. New Jersey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

This paper presents the New Jersey edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook". The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook: What States Can Do to Retain Effective New Teachers, 2008. New Hampshire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

This paper presents the New Hampshire edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's 2008 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook". The 2008 "Yearbook" focuses on how state policies impact the retention of effective new teachers. This policy evaluation is broken down into three areas that encompass 15 goals. Broadly, these goals…

Teacher Verbal Aggressiveness and Credibility Mediate the Relationship between Teacher Technology Policies and Perceived Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finn, Amber N.; Ledbetter, Andrew M.

2014-01-01

In this study, we extend previous work on teacher technology policies by refining the teacher technology policies instrument to account for the technology purpose (social, academic) and type (cell phone, laptop/tablet), and examine a model of teacher technology policies and perceived learning. We found that students are more sensitive to policies…

Teaching, Learning, and Leading: Preparing Teachers as Educational Policy Actors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heineke, Amy J.; Ryan, Ann Marie; Tocci, Charles

2015-01-01

Within the current federal, state, and local contexts of educational reform, teachers must be recognized as central actors in policy work, but rarely do we explicitly consider preparing teachers to become policy actors. Understanding these implications for teacher education, we investigate teacher candidates' learning of the complexity and…

Education Policy Influence Efficacy: Teacher Beliefs in Their Ability to Change Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hinnant-Crawford, Brandi

2016-01-01

Guided by Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) this study sought to understand how teachers view themselves as educational policy actors and to construct an instrument that measures teacher beliefs about their aptitude to advocate for changes in educational policy. This study employed a sequential explanatory design, characterized by quantitative data…

Politics of Education and Teachers' Support for High-Stakes Teacher Accountability Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pizmony-Levy, Oren; Woolsey, Ashley

2017-01-01

Although educators are at the center of contentious high-stakes teacher accountability policies, we know very little about their attitudes toward these policies. This research gap is unfortunate because teachers are considered key actors in successful implementation of educational reforms. To what extent do the politics that accompany the…

Teacher Absenteeism under Different District Policies in New Mexico

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

James, Eric Weston

2018-01-01

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to examine to what extent the type of leave policy (restrictive vs. lenient vs. very lenient) in three New Mexico school districts affected teachers' number of unused paid leave days and to what extent the change in teacher attendance policy (from not including teacher absenteeism in…

State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2009. District of Columbia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2009

2009-01-01

The District of Columbia edition of the National Council on Teacher Quality's (NCTQ's) 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" is the third annual look at state policies impacting the teaching profession. It is hoped that this report will help focus attention on areas where state policymakers can make changes that will have a positive…

How I Manage Heel Spur Syndrome.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seder, Joseph I.

1987-01-01

This article discusses plantar fascitis and heel spurs, the two contributing causes of heel spur syndrome. Treatment methods, which include rest, anti-inflammatory medication, shoe padding, and, as a last resort, surgery are described. (Author/MT)

Teacher-student relationship climate and school outcomes: implications for educational policy initiatives.

PubMed

Barile, John P; Donohue, Dana K; Anthony, Elizabeth R; Baker, Andrew M; Weaver, Scott R; Henrich, Christopher C

2012-03-01

In recent discussions regarding concerns about the academic achievement of US students, educational policy makers have suggested the implementation of certain teacher policies. To address the limited empirical research on the putative educational impact of such policies, this study used multilevel structural equation models to investigate the longitudinal associations between teacher evaluation and reward policies, and student mathematics achievement and dropout with a national sample of students (n = 7,779) attending one of 431 public high schools. The student sample included an equal number of boys and girls averaging 16 years of age, and included a White (53%) majority. This study examined whether associations between teacher policies and student achievement were mediated by the teacher-student relationship climate. Results of this study were threefold. First, teacher evaluation policies that allowed students to evaluate their teachers were associated with more positive student reports of the classroom teaching climate. Second, schools with teacher reward policies that included assigning higher performing teachers with higher performing students had a negative association with student perceptions of the teaching climate. Lastly, schools with better student perceptions of the teaching climate were associated with lower student dropout rates by students' senior year. These findings are discussed in light of their educational policy implications.

Policies Target Teacher-Student Cyber Talk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ash, Katie

2009-01-01

Teachers in Louisiana may soon think twice before sending a text message or e-mail to a student from a personal electronic device. A new state law requires all Louisiana districts to implement policies requiring documentation of every electronic interaction between teachers and students through a nonschool-issued device, such as a personal…

Classification of Calcaneal Spurs and Their Relationship With Plantar Fasciitis.

PubMed

Zhou, Binghua; Zhou, You; Tao, Xu; Yuan, Chengsong; Tang, Kanglai

2015-01-01

Calcaneal spurs, as a cause of plantar fasciitis, are currently debatable. A prospective study was performed to classify calcaneal spurs according to the findings from an investigation of the relationship between calcaneal spurs and plantar fasciitis. Thirty patients with calcaneal spurs and plantar heel pain underwent calcaneal spur removal and endoscopic plantar fasciotomy. The relationship between the classification of calcaneal spurs and plantar fasciitis was evaluated by endoscopic findings, clinical symptoms, radiographic images, and biopsy findings. The visual analog scale for pain and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores for functional evaluation were used preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 24 months. Two separate types of calcaneal spurs were recognized. Type A calcaneal spurs were located superior to the plantar fascia insertion, and type B calcaneal spurs were located within the plantar fascia. Magnetic resonance imaging results showed a more severe plantar fasciitis grade in type B calcaneal spurs preoperatively. Histologic examination showed that the numbers of granulocytes per image in type B spurs were significantly increased compared with those in type A spurs. Statistically significant improvements were found in the mean visual analog scale and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores and magnetic resonance imaging results in both groups. The amount of change in the visual analog scale score and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score, the number of granulocytes per image, and calcaneal spur length showed a high association with the classification of the calcaneal spurs. Calcaneal spurs were completely removed and did not recur in any of the patients on radiographic assessment during the follow-up period. Calcaneal spurs can be classified into 2 distinct types that are indicative of the severity of plantar fasciitis. Copyright © 2015 American College of

A Descriptive Study of Music Teacher Educators' Beliefs about Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aguilar, Carla E.; Richerme, Lauren Kapalka

2016-01-01

While policies at all levels affect music educators, and music education researchers have called for increased attention to policy issues, few have explored preservice music teacher educators' beliefs about policy. This study examined music teacher educators' (N = 81) familiarity with and attitudes toward contemporary education and music education…

Rethinking Equity: Preservice Teachers' Perceptions and Practice around Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hara, May

2017-01-01

This paper examines preservice teachers negotiating and making sense of a particular policy, the Massachusetts' Rethinking Equity and Teaching for English Language Learners (RETELL). It addresses the following questions: First, what do preservice teachers know about policy in general and the RETELL language policy in particular? Second, how do…

Expressions of agency within complex policy structures: science teachers' experiences of education policy reforms in Sweden

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryder, Jim; Lidar, Malena; Lundqvist, Eva; Östman, Leif

2018-03-01

We explore the experiences of school science teachers as they enact three linked national curriculum and assessment policy reforms in Sweden. Our goal is to understand teachers' differing responses to these reforms. A sample of 13 teachers engaged in 2 interviews over a 6-9-month period. Interviews included exploration of professional background and school context, perceptions of the aims of the policy reforms and experiences of working with these reforms in the classroom. Analysis was guided by an individual-oriented sociocultural perspective on professional agency. Here teaching is conceptualised as an ongoing interplay between teachers' knowledge, skills and personal goals, and the characteristics of the social, institutional and policy settings in which they work. Our analysis shows that navigating the ensuing continuities and contradictions results in many different expressions of teacher agency, e.g. loss of autonomy and trust, pushing back, subversion, transfer of authority, and creative tensions. Typically, an individual teacher's enactment of these reforms involved several of these expressions of agency. We demonstrate that the sociocultural perspective provides insights into teachers' responses to education policy reform likely to be missed by studies that focus largely on individual teacher knowledge/beliefs about reform or skills in 'implementing' reform practices.

Learning from Experience? Evidence on the Impact and Distribution of Teacher Experience and the Implications for Teacher Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Jennifer King

2013-01-01

Teacher experience has long been a central pillar of teacher workforce policies in U.S. school systems. The underlying assumption behind many of these policies is that experience promotes effectiveness, but is this really the case? What does existing evidence tell us about how, why, and for whom teacher experience matters? This policy brief…

Teacher Evaluation. Policy Brief.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glass, Gene V.

2004-01-01

Traditional forms of evaluating teachers (e.g., inspection of credentials, supervisor and peer observation and rating) for purposes of hiring, promotion, and salary increases have served the profession of teaching well for decades and should receive continued support in policy and practice. Newer forms of evaluation--primarily paper-and-pencil…

Teacher Education Research and Education Policy-Makers: An Australian Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Simone

2016-01-01

As teacher educators, we want our research to be influential in contributing to educational policy and practice, but there remains little understanding about ways in which teacher educators might more productively engage with each other and policy-makers so as to maximise their research impact. Drawing on an empirical study and policy document…

Misdiagnosing the Teacher Quality Problem. CPRE Policy Briefs. RB-49

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingersoll, Richard M.

2007-01-01

This issue of CPRE Policy Briefs summarizes the findings on issues related to teacher quality in the chapter by the author in the book, "The State of Education Policy Research" (Cohen, Fuhrman, Mosher, Eds., 2007). This report also draws on discussions that took place during a summer, 2006, policy briefing on teacher labor-market issues…

School District Leave Policies, Teacher Absenteeism, and Student Achievement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; And Others

1991-01-01

Econometric analysis of data from over 700 New York state school districts found that (1) policies governing use of teacher leave days clearly influence their use; (2) higher student absenteeism correlated with poorer test performance; and (3) teacher absence was not largely associated with student test performance. Changes in leave policy were…

New Evidence on Teacher Labor Supply

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engel, Mimi; Jacob, Brian A.; Curran, F. Chris

2014-01-01

Recent evidence on the large variance in teacher effectiveness has spurred interest in teacher labor markets. Research documents that better qualified teachers typically work in more advantaged schools but cannot determine the relative importance of supply versus demand. To isolate teacher preferences, we document which schools prospective…

Teacher Evaluation in Colorado: How Policy Frustrates Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramirez, Al; Clouse, Wendi; Davis, Kristyn White

2014-01-01

This article is a report of a study that used data from multiple sources to explore the hypothesis that systemic barriers inherent in Colorado's teacher evaluation policies often contribute to ineffective teacher evaluations across the state. Data were collected from extant studies, focus groups, and surveys of teachers, site administrators/head…

Transnational Policy Discourses on Teacher Education: A Cosmopolitan Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wahlström, Ninni

2015-01-01

In this article, I analyse some of the transnational "authoritative" policy documents on teacher education and teacher development from a cosmopolitan perspective. The purpose is to explore the possibilities for analysing the characteristics of teacher education and the role of the teacher in transnational texts from a cosmopolitan…

Teacher Education for Inclusive Practice--Responding to Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexiadou, Nafsika; Essex, Jane

2016-01-01

This article draws on research in one teacher education course in England and examines the ways in which the programme prepares student-teachers for inclusive practice in science teaching. We frame our analysis by drawing on aspects of institutional mediation of official policy in teacher education, as well as theories around inclusion and…

Turning Policy into Practice: Examining the Relationship between Policy, Research, and Program Development in Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paolucci, Catherine; Jennings, Kevin

2017-01-01

This article discusses the relationship between policy, research, and program development in mathematics teacher education. In particular, it considers the influences of policy and research along with social, economic, and cultural factors in the conceptualization and development of an undergraduate mathematics teacher education program in…

Enacting Policy: The Capacity of School Leaders to Support Early Career Teachers through Policy Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Anna M.; Morrison, Chad

2014-01-01

Early career teachers often feel overwhelmed by the complex, intense and unpredictable nature of their work. Recently, policy initiatives have been introduced to provide new teachers with extra release-time from face-to-face classroom teaching duties to assist them in their transition to the workforce. This paper reports on a critical policy study…

Toward Teacher Education Research That Informs Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sleeter, Christine

2014-01-01

This article investigates the extent to which researchers are currently engaged in a shared research program that offers systematic evidence of the classroom impact of organized venues (preservice as well as inservice) for teacher professional learning. The article stems from concern about policies rooted in suspicion that teacher education is…

[Estimation of spur dike-affected fish habitat area].

PubMed

Ray-Shyan, Wu; Yan-Ru, Chen; Yi-Liang, Ge

2012-04-01

Based on the HEC-RAS and River 2D modes, and taking 5% change rate of weighted usable area (WUA) as the threshold to define the spur dike- affected area of target fish species Acrossocheilus paradoxus in Fazi River in Taiwan, this paper studied the affected area of the fish habitat by spur dike, and, in combining with the references about the installations of spur dikes in Taiwan in recent 10 years, analyzed the relative importance of related affecting factors such as dike height, dike length (water block rate), average slope gradient of river way, single or double spur dike, and flow discharge. In spite of the length of the dike, the affected area in downstream was farther, and was about 2-6 times as large as that in upstream. The ratio of the affected area in downstream / upstream decreased with increasing slope gradient, but increased with increasing dike length and flow discharge. When the discharge was approximate to 10 years return periods, the ratio of the affected area would be close to a constant of 2. Building double spur dike would produce a better WUA than building single spur dike.

The impact of federal policy on teachers' use of science manipulatives: A survey of teacher philosophy and practices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helgoe, Catherine A.

Recently, educators in public K-12 schools have added testing of science knowledge to the measures of Adequate Yearly Progress required by the federal No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation. Research of the impact of NCLB policy on general teaching practices had credited the policy with improving instruction; however, negative impacts noted included the concern that teachers "teach to the test," narrowing the curriculum. Testing as an assessment strategy was not advocated by the professional educators and scientists responsible for the National Science Education Standards (NSES). Results from previous studies pointed to a potential conflict between the NCLB reforms and the National Science Education Standards science standards, in which teachers might reduce or eliminate hands-on activities and other constructivist practices in order to focus class time on other topics and tasks. Most research on NCLB policy, however, had not evaluated instructional practices regarding science education. This study examined the relationship among teacher beliefs, specifically the strength of their constructivist versus traditional beliefs, teachers' responses to NCLB policy, and teachers' use of constructivist practices in the form of manipulatives. This study showed that national policy did have an impact on teachers; however, that impact was not specific to the hands-on practices in science education. Teachers who responded to this survey had found many benefits in student learning using manipulatives and those positive impacts on their students justified the increased use of manipulatives in the classroom. The strength of teachers' constructivist beliefs showed a weak positive correlation to choices related to curriculum priorities, learning goals and advantages in using manipulatives. However, a relationship to beliefs was not found in the changes teachers made to various instructional practices, or in how they viewed certain manipulative materials, or in how they viewed

Global Modeling of Spur Formation in Spiral Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shetty, Rahul; Ostriker, Eve C.

2006-08-01

We investigate the formation of substructure in spiral galaxies using global MHD simulations, including gas self-gravity. Local modeling by Kim & Ostriker previously showed that self-gravity and magnetic fields cause rapid growth of overdensities in spiral arms; differential compression of gas flowing through the arms then results in the formation of sheared structures in the interarms. These sheared structures resemble features described as spurs or feathers in optical and IR observations of many spiral galaxies. Global modeling extends previous local models by including the full effects of curvilinear coordinates, a realistic log-spiral perturbation, self-gravitational contribution from five radial wavelengths of the spiral shock, and variation of density and epicyclic frequency with radius. We show that with realistic Toomre Q-values self-gravity and galactic differential rotation produce filamentary gaseous structures with kiloparsec-scale separations, regardless of the strength-or even presence-of a stellar spiral potential. However, a sufficiently strong spiral potential is required to produce true spurs, consisting of interarm structures emerging from gas concentrations in the main spiral arms. In models where Q is initially constant, filaments due to interarm self-gravity grow mainly in the outer regions, whereas true arm spurs grow only in the inner regions. For models with Q~R, outer regions are intrinsically more stable, so background interarm filaments do not grow, but arm spurs can develop if the spiral potential is strong. Unlike independently growing background filaments, the orientation of arm spurs depends on galactic location. Inside corotation, spurs emanate outward, on the convex side of the arm; outside corotation, spurs grow inward, on the concave side of the arm. Based on orientation and the relation to arm clumps, it is possible to distinguish true spurs that originate as instabilities in the arms from independently growing background

Teacher Layoffs, Teacher Quality and Student Achievement: The Implementation and Consequences of a Discretionary Reduction-in-Force Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraft, Matthew A.

2013-01-01

Research has shown that "last hired, first fired" policies maximize the number of teachers subject to reductions in force by eliminating those teachers that are lowest on the pay scale first. Until now, advocates of effectiveness-based reduction-in-force (RIF) policies could only point to simulated policy exercises as evidence of the…

Austin, Texas: An Educator/Business Collaboration in Support of Teacher Compensation Reform. Teacher Compensation and Teacher Quality: Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Committee for Economic Development, 2013

2013-01-01

In its 2009 report "Teacher Compensation and Teacher Quality," the Committee for Economic Development urged business leaders to be active participants in school district deliberations about teacher compensation policies. The Committee for Economic Development (CED) noted that "business leaders can make the case to the public that…

Repositioning Professionalism: Teachers, Mentors, Policy and Praxis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingleby, Ewan; Tummons, Jonathan

2012-01-01

This article reflects on the interplay between the recommended policy of providing mentors for PCET ITT (Post-Compulsory Education and Training Initial Teacher Training) students and the praxis or application of this policy. The findings are based on questionnaire data that has been gathered from 80 PCET ITT students and their mentors alongside…

Official Policies and Teachers' Tendency to Act: Exploring the Discrepancies in Teachers' Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shapira-Lishchinsky, Orly; Gilat, Israel Z.

2015-01-01

The aim of the study is to investigate whether there are discrepancies between teachers' perceptions of the "official policies" and their "tendency to act," based on their ethical decision-making. A qualitative analysis of 60 Israeli teachers' questionnaires consisting of critical ethical incidents revealed multifaceted ethical…

The Problematic Implementation of Teacher Evaluation Policy: School Failure or Governmental Pitfall?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuytens, Melissa; Devos, Geert

2014-01-01

Teacher evaluation policy is implemented in many countries to improve the teaching quality in schools. This paper explores the implementation of teacher evaluation policy in secondary schools in Flanders (Belgium). The case study method is used to explore the implementation process in six schools, which are selected based upon teachers' perception…

Teachers on the Move: A Look at Teacher Interstate Mobility Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coggshall, Jane G.; Sexton, Susan K.

2008-01-01

This report--based on an exploratory empirical study of state certification and licensure policies, 10 states' employment databases, a survey of teachers with interstate mobility experience, and focus groups of American Association for Employment in Education members and Troops-to-Teachers state directors--focuses on the certification and…

Influence Matters: The Link between Principal and Teacher Influence over School Policy and Teacher Turnover

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Karen M.

2012-01-01

This study outlines the relationship between teachers' and principals' perceptions of their influence over policies within their school and teachers' actual employment decisions--specifically, teachers' decisions to stay (continue their affiliation with their school), to move (transfer to a different school), or to leave the teaching profession.…

What Do Professional Learning Policies Say about Purposes of Teacher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Aileen

2015-01-01

Enhancing teacher learning is acknowledged globally as a key route to improving student outcomes, thereby contributing to nation states' economic competitiveness. This globally accepted policy "hypernarrative" is driving reform of teacher education policy internationally. This article seeks to analyse some key features of contemporary…

Teacher Education and Development Policies: Critical Discourse Analysis from a Comparative Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pini, Monica E.; Gorostiaga, Jorge M.

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study is to explore teacher education policies in different countries of Latin America and North America through the comparison of policy documents. The training of teachers, a key component of education, faces educational challenges as a result of various reform policies in different countries. Critical discourse analysis…

Method and apparatus for spur-reduced digital sinusoid synthesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, George A. (Inventor); Flanagan, Michael J. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

A technique for reducing the spurious signal content in digital sinusoid synthesis is presented. Spur reduction is accomplished through dithering both amplitude and phase values prior to word-length reduction. The analytical approach developed for analog quantization is used to produce new bounds on spur performance in these dithered systems. Amplitude dithering allows output word-length reduction without introducing additional spurs. Effects of periodic dither similar to that produced by a pseudo-noise (PN) generator are analyzed. This phase dithering method provides a spur reduction of 6(M + 1) dB per phase bit when the dither consists of M uniform variates. While the spur reduction is at the expense of an increase in system noise, the noise power can be made white, making the power spectral density small. This technique permits the use of a smaller number of phase bits addressing sinusoid look-up tables, resulting in an exponential decrease in system complexity. Amplitude dithering allows the use of less complicated multipliers and narrower data paths in purely digital applications, as well as the use of coarse-resolution, highly-linear digital-to-analog converters (DAC's) to obtain spur performance limited by the DAC linearity rather than its resolution.

Teacher Unions' Participation in Policy Making: A South African Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Govender, Logan

2015-01-01

This article contends that teacher unions' participation in policy making during South Africa's political transition was characterised by assertion of ideological identity (unionism and professionalism) and the cultivation of policy networks and alliances. It is argued that, historically, while teacher unions were divided along political and…

Policy Enacted--Teachers' Approaches to an Outcome-Based Framework for Course Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barman, Linda; Bolander-Laksov, Klara; Silén, Charlotte

2014-01-01

In this paper, we report on how teachers in Higher Education enact policy. Outcome-based education (OBE) serves as an example of a governmental educational policy introduced with the European Bologna reform. With a hermeneutic approach, we have studied how 14 teachers interpreted this policy and re-designed their courses. The findings show…

Principals and Teachers "Craft Coherence" among Accountability Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stosich, Elizabeth Leisy

2018-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how US school leaders and teachers make sense of multiple accountability policies, including the Common Core State Standards and teacher evaluation, and how this process relates to school priorities and classroom practice. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a comparative case study…

Defining Moments in Policy Development, Direction, and Implementation in Irish Initial Teacher Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Doherty, Teresa

2014-01-01

This paper explores the impact of significant OECD documents on the development of Irish education policy, specifically teacher education policy, over the last half century. While other commentators have argued that Irish education has been predominantly influenced by policy developments in the UK, US or Europe, this paper identifies the OECD as a…

The Impact of 2002 National Teacher Contract Policy Reform on Teacher Absenteeism in Lahore, Pakistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Habib, Masooma

2010-01-01

Teacher absenteeism is a persistent problem in Pakistani government schools. Under a new policy, teachers hired in Pakistani schools after 2002 are hired on fixed term contracts that are renewed, in part, based on low absenteeism. This study uses qualitative analysis techniques to assess the impact of contractual hiring on teacher absenteeism…

Institutional Complexity and Policy Implementation: How Underlying Logics Drive Teacher Interpretations of Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bridwell-Mitchell, E. N.; Sherer, David G.

2017-01-01

One critical factor in policy implementation is how teachers interpret policy. Previous research largely overlooks how the broader culture shapes teachers' interpretations. In the current research, we explore how teachers' interpretations of instructional reforms are associated with the logics of broad societal institutions. Our longitudinal…

Strategic Design of Teacher Compensation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shields, Regis

2012-01-01

Spurred by the national focus on revitalizing the teacher evaluation and support/development process, as well as the current economic downturn, many school districts are reviewing how teachers are compensated. While a few courageous districts have completely upended current structures, most districts are undertaking changes that leave the most…

The Evolution of New Teacher Induction Policy: Support, Specificity, and Autonomy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartlett, Lora; Johnson, Lisa S.

2010-01-01

This article analyzes the findings from a three-state study of teacher induction policy. It looks within and across Illinois, Ohio, and Wisconsin to explore the landscape and experience of teacher induction. Although the orientation and conception of each state's policy is similar, the states represent three different structural approaches to…

Review and Analysis of the EU Teacher-Related Policies and Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stéger, Csilla

2014-01-01

This article aims at raising awareness of the key role the EU already plays in matters of teacher policy. It takes stock of European teacher policy related documents and activities, such as relevant strategies, presidency priorities, Council Conclusions, Commission working documents, the activities of thematic working groups, of networks, of data…

K-12 Teachers' Perceptions of School Policy and Fear of School Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ricketts, Melissa L.

2007-01-01

Since the 1990s, schools have focused their attention on policies designed to improve school safety. Most researches on school violence policies have concentrated on the needs of students and administrators. This study investigated the impact of school violence policies on K-12 teachers' fear. Using self-report data from 447 K-12 teachers from a…

Extending Theorisations of the Global Teacher: Care Work, Gender, and Street-Level Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robert, Sarah A.

2016-01-01

This article is concerned with teachers' negotiation of global transitions premised on improving educational opportunity with implications for professionalism. The study blends sociology of gender, work, and organisations and gender policy analysis to theorise teachers' policy negotiations. I explore how 20 Argentine teachers mediate 3 programmes'…

Relationship and Classification of Plantar Heel Spurs in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis.

PubMed

Ahmad, Jamal; Karim, Ammar; Daniel, Joseph N

2016-09-01

This study classified plantar heel spurs and their relationship to plantar fasciitis. Patients included those with plantar fasciitis who were treated from 2012 through 2013. Plantar heel spur shape and size were assessed radiographically and correlated to function and pain before and after treatment. Function and pain were scored with the Foot and Ankle Ability Measures and a visual analog scale, respectively. This study included 109 patients with plantar fasciitis. The plantar heel spur shape was classified as 0/absent in 26 patients, 1/horizontal in 66 patients, 2/vertical in 4 patients, and 3/hooked in 13 patients. The plantar heel spur size was less than 5 mm in 75 patients, 5-10 mm in 28 patients, and greater than 10 mm in 6 patients. Initially, patients with any shape or size to their spur had no difference in function and pain. With treatment, patients with horizontal and hooked spurs had the greatest improvement in function and pain (P < .05). With treatment, patients with larger spurs had the greatest improvement in function and pain (P < .05). Plantar heel spurs can be classified by shape and size in patients with plantar fasciitis. Before treatment, neither the spur shape nor size significantly correlated with symptoms. After treatment, patients with larger horizontal or hooked spurs had the greatest improvement in function and pain. These findings may be important when educating patients about the role of heel spurs with plantar fasciitis and the effect of nonsurgical treatment with certain spurs. Level III, comparative series. © The Author(s) 2016.

Promoting Instructional Improvement or Resistance? A Comparative Study of Teachers' Perceptions of Teacher Evaluation Policy in Korea and the USA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Jihyun; Youngs, Peter

2016-01-01

This study draws on institutional theory to examine teachers' and principals' perceptions of new teacher evaluation policies, factors that influence such perceptions and how such perceptions shape the implementation of the policies in Seoul (Korea) and Michigan (USA). The study featured in-depth interviews of 11 elementary school teachers and 4…

Teacher Evaluation Policy as Perceived by School Principals: The Case of Flanders (Belgium)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuytens, Melissa; Devos, Geert

2018-01-01

In Flanders (Belgium), a new teacher evaluation policy was issued which placed a lot of autonomy with school principals to develop and implement a new teacher evaluation system. In this study, we explore how Flemish principals perceive the new teacher evaluation policy and what influences their perception. Results demonstrate that principals…

Teacher Quality Roadmap: Improving Policies and Practices in the Miami-Dade County Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2012

2012-01-01

In partnership with the Urban League of Greater Miami, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) released "Teacher Quality Roadmap: Improving Policies and Practices in Miami," an in-depth study of the work rules Miami-Dade teachers. This look at the state of teacher policies in Miami-Dade County Public Schools explores the…

Displaceable Spur Gear Torque Controlled Driver and Method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, Joseph S., Jr. (Inventor)

1996-01-01

Methods and apparatus are provided for a torque driver including a laterally displaceable gear support member to carry an output spur gear. A biasing assembly biases the output spur gear into engagement with a pinion to which is applied an input torque greater than a desired output torque limit for a threaded fastener such as a nut or screw. A coiled output linkage connects the output spur gear with a fastener adaptor which may be a socket for a nut. A gear tooth profile provides a separation force that overcomes the bias to limit torque at the desired torque limit. Multiple fasteners may be rotated simultaneously to a desired torque limit if additional output spur gears are provided. A gauged selector mechanism is provided to laterally displace multiple driven members for fasteners arranged in differing configurations. The torque limit is selectably adjustable and may be different for fasteners within the same fastener configuration.

Displaceable spur gear torque controlled driver and method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, Joseph S., Jr. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

Methods and apparatus are provided for a torque driver including a laterally displaceable gear support member to carry an output spur gear. A biasing assembly biases the output spur gear into engagement with a pinion to which is applied an input torque greater than a desired output torque limit for a threaded fastener such as a nut or screw. A coiled output linkage connects the output spur gear with a fastener adaptor which may be a socket for a nut. A gear tooth profile provides a separation force that overcomes the bias to limit torque at the desired torque limit. Multiple fasteners may be rotated simultaneously to a desired torque limit if additional output spur gears are provided. A gauged selector mechanism is provided to laterally displace multiple driver members for fasteners arranged in differing configurations. The torque limit is selectably adjustable and may be different for fasteners within the same fastener configuration.

Effects of Teacher Avoidance of School Policies on Student Victimization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marachi, Roxana; Avi Astor, Ron; Benbenishty, Rami

2007-01-01

The present study examines relations between school policy, teacher responses to violence and students' victimization outcomes as reported by teachers in a nationally representative sample of schools in Israel. Data were analysed using Structural Equations Modeling for the full sample of teachers, as well as group comparisons by school level,…

Primary Teachers, Policy, and Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrie, Kirsten; lisahunter,

2011-01-01

This article focuses on the challenges arising for primary school teachers who have responsibility for teaching physical education (PE) and who are working in particularly complex and contestable policy contexts. In New Zealand provision of physical education is identified as occurring amidst multiple, and not necessarily compatible, sets of…

Examining Teacher Perceptions of the Relationship between Evaluation Policy and Teacher Practice in a North Carolina School System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frasier, Amanda Marie Slaten

2017-01-01

Examining the justification for current evaluation policy reveals that such policy rests on two assumptions related to the impact on the work of teachers: (1) evaluations are necessary because teachers need to be rated, sanctioned, or rewarded in order to be motivated to improve their practice; and (2) evaluations yield information that is useful…

Alternative Certification for Science Teachers: Policy and Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Yijie

2005-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to review literature on the alternative certification policy so as to identify key features and issues as the basis for suggesting a more systematic approach to the study of the policy efforts. Alternative teacher certification has become a proliferating phenomenon in the United States in response to current and…

Relationships between spur- and orchard-level fruit bearing in almond (Prunus dulcis).

PubMed

Tombesi, Sergio; Lampinen, Bruce D; Metcalf, Samuel; DeJong, Theodore M

2011-12-01

Almond is often considered to be a moderately alternate-bearing species but historical yield data typically do not exhibit clear patterns of alternate bearing at the orchard level, while research has indicated that spurs (the main fruit bearing unit in almond trees) rarely produce fruit in two subsequent years. The objective of the present work was to analyze the bearing behavior of almond trees at both the orchard level and the individual spur level over multiple years to explain this apparent paradox. The 10-year yield patterns of three almond cultivars grown at three different sites within California were analyzed for tendencies of alternate bearing at the orchard level. At the individual spur level, data on spur viability, and number of flowers and fruits per spur were collected on 2400 individually tagged spurs that were observed over 6 years to characterize bearing at that level. At the orchard level one cultivar (Nonpareil) did exhibit a tendency for alternate bearing at one site (Kern) but other cultivars and sites did not. The orchard and the individual trees in which the spur population study was conducted showed tendencies for alternate bearing but the spur population did not. Only a relatively small percentage of the total tagged spur population bore fruit in any given year and therefore while individual fruiting spurs exhibited a high level of non-bearing after fruiting the previous year the spurs that did produce fruit in any year generally did not constitute enough of the total spur population to exhibit alternate bearing at the whole population level. Our results suggest that annual bearing fluctuations in almond are probably mainly due to year-to-year variations of parameters affecting fruit set and that high rates of fruit set in a given year may involve a larger-than-normal percentage of a spur population in fruit bearing. This would limit the size of the spur population available for flowering in the subsequent year and could cause alternate

Design of Spur Gears for Improved Efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, N. E.; Loewenthal, S. H.

1981-01-01

A method to calculate spur gear system loss for a wide range of gear geometries and operating conditions was used to determine design requirements for an efficient gearset. The effects of spur gear size, pitch, ratio, pitch line velocity and load on efficiency were determined. Peak efficiencies were found to be greater for large diameter and fine pitched gears and tare (no-load) losses were found to be significant.

"But I'm a Language Teacher!" Dual Immersion Teacher Identities in a Complex Policy Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chesnut, Colleen

2015-01-01

This qualitative study examined dual immersion teachers' identities as they engaged in policy implementation within their school, collaborating in professional learning communities (PLC) with one-way immersion teachers. Data derived from participant observation, interviews, and interpersonal process recall were analyzed through a theoretical lens…

Apodization of spurs in radar receivers using multi-channel processing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Doerry, Armin W.; Bickel, Douglas L.

The various technologies presented herein relate to identification and mitigation of spurious energies or signals (aka "spurs") in radar imaging. Spurious energy in received radar data can be a consequence of non-ideal component and circuit behavior. Such behavior can result from I/Q imbalance, nonlinear component behavior, additive interference (e.g. cross-talk, etc.), etc. The manifestation of the spurious energy in a radar image (e.g., a range-Doppler map) can be influenced by appropriate pulse-to-pulse phase modulation. Comparing multiple images which have been processed using the same data but of different signal paths and modulations enables identification of undesired spurs, with subsequent croppingmore » or apodization of the undesired spurs from a radar image. Spurs can be identified by comparison with a threshold energy. Removal of an undesired spur enables enhanced identification of true targets in a radar image.« less

Teachers under Duress: Some Effects of Declining Enrollment and District Staffing Policies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phelan, William T.

A questionnaire survey of 1,506 teachers in 89 elementary and secondary schools in eastern Massachusetts examined teachers' reactions to declining enrollments and school district retrenchment policies. The hypotheses tested suggest that, in districts whose reduction-in-force (RIF) policies include performance evaluations as well as seniority as…

The Affordances and Constraints of Special Education Initial Teacher Licensure Policy for Teacher Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanton, Linda P.; Boveda, Mildred; Munoz, Lorena R.; Pugach, Marleen C.

2017-01-01

Initial licensure polices in special education were examined to determine how these policies support or hinder reform efforts to develop teacher education programs that prepare graduates for the increasingly complex needs of diverse students. Initial special education licensure policies are described with an emphasis on the differences across…

Teacher Perceptions of Multilevel Policies and the Influence on Nutrition Education in North Carolina Head Start Preschools.

PubMed

Peterson, Amanda D; Goodell, L Suzanne; Hegde, Archana; Stage, Virginia C

2017-05-01

To develop a theory that explains the process of how teachers' perception of multilevel policies may influence nutrition education (NE) teaching strategies in Head Start preschools. Semistructured telephone interviews. North Carolina Head Start preschools. Thirty-two Head Start teachers. All interviews were transcribed verbatim. Following a grounded theory approach, authors coded interview data for emergent themes. Two primary themes emerged during analysis, including teachers' policy perceptions and teacher-perceived influence of policy on NE. A theoretical model was developed to explain how teachers' perceptions of policies influenced NE (eg, teaching strategies) in the classroom. Teachers discussed multiple policy areas governing their classrooms and limiting their ability to provide meaningful and consistent NE. How teachers perceived the level of regulation in the classroom (ie, high or low) influenced the frequency with which they used specific teaching strategies. Despite federal policies supporting the provision of NE, teachers face competing priorities in the classroom (eg, school readiness vs NE) and policies may conflict with standardized NE curricula. To understand how Head Start centers develop local policies, additional research should investigate how administrators interpret federal and state policies. Copyright © 2017 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Policy Reform: Testing Times for Teacher Education in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzgerald, Tanya; Knipe, Sally

2016-01-01

In Australia as well as elsewhere, initial teacher education has become centre stage to a political agenda that calls for global competitiveness in the knowledge economy. The common problem cited has been declining educational standards linked with the quality of teaching and teacher education. The avalanche of review and policy reform has exposed…

State Policies to Screen and Attract Teachers. Issuegram 23.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palaich, Robert

Most states have already implemented policies to recruit, select, and retain better teachers. The majority of these policies raise standards for entry or recertification. Another approach provides incentives to attract qualified college graduates into teaching. Offering scholarships in exchange for five-year teaching commitments and offering…

Advocacy Groups and the Discourse of Teacher Policy Reform: An Analysis of Policy Narratives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrison, Christopher

2017-01-01

In recent years, several states have engaged in significant action surrounding a key policy area-- teacher policy reform. In Florida, for example, the passage of Senate Bill (SB) 736, the Student Success Act, heralded substantial shifts in the boundaries defining the profession of teaching in the state. Through SB 736 and its unsuccessful…

Gender, Policy and Initial Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skelton, Christine

2007-01-01

An examination of gender discourses within New Labour education policy on the preparation of students for a career in teaching in the UK reveals a contradictory yet, at the same time, complementary position. In the guidelines outlining the Standards that a prospective teacher has to achieve, the ways in which gender informs pupils' educational…

Selling Tech to Teachers: Education Trade Shows as Policy Events

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Player-Koro, Catarina; Bergviken Rensfeldt, Annika; Selwyn, Neil

2018-01-01

Digital technology is an expanding area of education policy. There is growing interest, therefore, in how networks of corporate and state policy actors implicit in the formation of (inter)national education technology agendas intersect with local school systems and teachers. In particular, this paper explores the significant policy work that takes…

Expressions of Agency within Complex Policy Structures: Science Teachers' Experiences of Education Policy Reforms in Sweden

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryder, Jim; Lidar, Malena; Lundqvist, Eva; Östman, Leif

2018-01-01

We explore the experiences of school science teachers as they enact three linked national curriculum and assessment policy reforms in Sweden. Our goal is to understand teachers' differing responses to these reforms. A sample of 13 teachers engaged in 2 interviews over a 6-9-month period. Interviews included exploration of professional background…

Teacher Quality Roadmap: Improving Policies and Practices in LAUSD

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2011

2011-01-01

At the request of the United Way of Greater Los Angeles, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) undertook this analysis of the teacher policies in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). A coalition of civil rights groups were also involved in this project, including Parent Organization Network, Families in Schools, Alliance for a…

Strategies to Increase Teacher Supply and Quality: Related Policy Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raizen, Senta

1986-01-01

"Quick fixes" and over-reactive policy mandates don't clearly anticipate long-term implications. Examples are given of the negative effects of scholarship/loan programs, career ladders, changing credentialing requirements, and teacher competency testing, originally devised to avoid teacher shortages. (Author/CB)

Exploring State Policy regarding Teachers Removing License Endorsements: Short Term and Long Term Policy Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Earley, Penelope; Brazer, S. David

2005-01-01

This study explores and begins baseline documentation of state policies governing teachers' voluntary removal of endorsement areas from their licenses. Through a survey of state licensure officers we find that most states allow teachers to remove endorsements, though the specifics of how this can be done vary from state to state. The No Child Left…

The Quality of Teacher Educators in the European Policy Debate: Actions and Measures to Improve the Professionalism of Teacher Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snoek, Marco; Swennen, Anja; van der Klink, Marcel

2011-01-01

This study examines how the contemporary European policy debate addresses the further development of the quality of teacher educators. A classification framework based on the literature on professionalism was used to compare European and Member State policy actions and measures on the quality of teacher educators through an analysis of seven…

The Influence of Test-Based Accountability Policies on Early Elementary Teachers: School Climate, Environmental Stress, and Teacher Stress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saeki, Elina; Segool, Natasha; Pendergast, Laura; von der Embse, Nathaniel

2018-01-01

This study examined the potential influence of test-based accountability policies on school environment and teacher stress among early elementary teachers. Structural equation modeling of data from 541 kindergarten through second grade teachers across three states found that use of student performance on high-stakes tests to evaluate teachers…

Proposed Policy: Drug Testing of Hawaii's Public School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Bebi

2007-01-01

Because of a proposed policy, public school teachers in Hawaii are facing the possibility of being randomly tested for illegal drugs. Random drug testing has many implications and its impact is questionable. In this article, the author scrutinizes the controversial drug-testing policy for both troubling and promising aspects and how educators may…

The Implementer Disposition of Teacher Certification Policy in Indonesia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malkab, Marnih; Nawawi, Juanda; Mahmud, Alimuddin; Sujiono, Eko Hadi

2015-01-01

This research aims to examine and analyze the implementers disposition in the implementation of teacher certification policy in Makassar City and to know how is the disposition affects in successful implementation policy. This research is descriptive by using a qualitative approach. Sources of data in this study are primary data from the…

Design of spur gears for improved efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, N. E.; Loewenthal, S. H.

1981-01-01

A method to calculate spur gear system power loss for a wide range of gear geometries and operating conditions is used to determine design requirements for an efficient gearset. The effects of spur gear size, pitch, ratio, pitch-line-velocity and load on efficiency are shown. A design example is given to illustrate how the method is to be applied. In general, peak efficiencies were found to be greater for larger diameter and fine pitched gears and tare (no-load) losses were found to be significant.

Rethinking Recruitment: The Comprehensive and Strategic Recruitment of Secondary Science Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luft, Julie A.; Wong, Sissy S.; Semken, Steve

2011-01-01

The shortage of science teachers has spurred a discussion about their retention and recruitment. While discussion about retaining science teachers has increased dramatically in just the last few years, science teacher educators have not attended to the recruitment of science teachers with the same tenacity. This paper is our effort to initiate…

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-04

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Senior Engineer Steve Faluotico works on the SPURS buoy prior to it being loaded onto the Institute's research vessel Knorr, Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. The SPURS buoy will be deployed in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS) which is set to sail on Sept. 6. The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Teacher Preparation and Language Policy Appropriation: A Qualitative Investigation of Teach For America Teachers in Arizona

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heineke, Amy J.; Cameron, Quanna

2013-01-01

In this qualitative study, we examined teachers' language policy appropriation in the English-only state of Arizona. Specifically, we investigated teachers who received their professional placement and preparation through the Teach For America organization. We conducted the research in 2010 and 2011, a period when Arizona state language policy…

Prospective Teachers' Perceptions on Education Policy: A Metaphor Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sezer, Senol

2018-01-01

This study aiming to determine the metaphorical perceptions of prospective teachers regarding Turkey's education policies was modelled in the 'phenomenological pattern' which one of the qualitative research methods. The study group was 150 prospective teachers. Data was collected using a metaphor form and via focus group interviews. Descriptive…

Addressing Teachers' Feelings of Lack of Control over Policy Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Judson, Eugene

2014-01-01

This study reports on how an American Education System course, traditionally taught with broad objectives, was contextualized for science teachers. Using pre-assessment data, specific policy issues were targeted with the objective of increasing teachers' feelings of influence over issues. The approach used was adapted from exposure therapy, a…

Urban Teachers Struggling within and against Neoliberal, Accountability-Era Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher-Ari, Teresa R.; Kavanagh, Kara M.; Martin, Anne

2017-01-01

As the educational community continues to consider the impact of the proliferation of accountability-aimed reform on students, schools, and communities, the consequences of said reforms on teachers must be included. Results of this study indicate that even distant, broad educational policies manifest in specific and profound ways in teachers'…

A Seat at the Table: How the Work of Teaching Impacts Teachers as Policy Agents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Good, Annalee G.; Fox Barocas, Sadie; Chávez-Moreno, Laura C.; Feldman, Rachel; Canela, Carlos

2017-01-01

Policy reflects and shapes society's beliefs about schools, teachers, children, learning, and society, as well as the power structures embedded in our communities and decision-making processes. Although teachers may be central to the "implementation" of education policy, they are marginal to the "design" of policy agendas and…

SPURS: Salinity Processes in the Upper-Ocean Regional Study: THE NORTH ATLANTIC EXPERIMENT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lindstrom, Eric; Bryan, Frank; Schmitt, Ray

2015-01-01

In this special issue of Oceanography, we explore the results of SPURS-1, the first part of the ocean process study Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study (SPURS). The experiment was conducted between August 2012 and October 2013 in the subtropical North Atlantic and was the first of two experiments (SPURS come in pairs!). SPURS-2 is planned for 20162017 in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean.

Music in Beginning Teacher Classrooms: A Mismatch between Policy, Philosophy, and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Linda

2016-01-01

This paper identifies a range of positions and perspectives that impacted on New Zealand beginning primary (elementary) generalist teacher's preparedness to teach music in relation to: government policy, curriculum and Graduating Teacher Standards requirements; and teacher educators' and school principals' expectations of them. The complex web of…

Concepts, Policies and Practices of Teacher Education: An Analysis of Studies on Teacher Education in Portugal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pereira, Fátima

2013-01-01

Education policies, and in particular those related to teacher education, are central to the construction of Europe as a knowledge society and for facing the social and economic challenges that European countries must respond to in this millennium. This article presents an analysis of studies on the evaluation of in-service teacher education…

Teacher Allocation Policies and the Unbalanced Distribution of Novice and Senior Teachers across Regions in Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Özoglu, Murat; Beyazit, Yildirim

2015-01-01

Policies toward fostering a more balanced distribution of teacher quality have garnered considerable attention from researchers and policymakers around the world. This attention has been motivated largely by the widely acknowledged educational goal of providing quality education for all children. Equipped with similar policy concerns, this study…

Ankle fracture spur sign is pathognomonic for a variant ankle fracture.

PubMed

Hinds, Richard M; Garner, Matthew R; Lazaro, Lionel E; Warner, Stephen J; Loftus, Michael L; Birnbaum, Jacqueline F; Burket, Jayme C; Lorich, Dean G

2015-02-01

The hyperplantarflexion variant ankle fracture is composed of a posterior tibial lip fracture with posterolateral and posteromedial fracture fragments separated by a vertical fracture line. This infrequently reported injury pattern often includes an associated "spur sign" or double cortical density at the inferomedial tibial metaphysis. The objective of this study was to quantitatively establish the association of the ankle fracture spur sign with the hyperplantarflexion variant ankle fracture. Our clinical database of operative ankle fractures was retrospectively reviewed for the incidence of hyperplantarflexion variant and nonvariant ankle fractures as determined by assessment of injury radiographs, preoperative advanced imaging, and intraoperative observation. Injury radiographs were then evaluated for the presence of the spur sign, and association between the spur sign and variant fractures was analyzed. The incidence of the hyperplantarflexion variant fracture among all ankle fractures was 6.7% (43/640). The spur sign was present in 79% (34/43) of variant fractures and absent in all nonvariant fractures, conferring a specificity of 100% in identifying variant fractures. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 99%, respectively. The ankle fracture spur sign was pathognomonic for the hyperplantarflexion variant ankle fracture. It is important to identify variant fractures preoperatively as patient positioning, operative approach, and fixation construct of variant fractures often differ from those employed for osteosynthesis of nonvariant fractures. Identification of the spur sign should prompt acquisition of advanced imaging to formulate an appropriate operative plan to address the variant fracture pattern. Level III, retrospective comparative study. © The Author(s) 2014.

Blueprint for Change in Ohio: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Utah: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Mississippi: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Florida: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Maryland: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Louisiana: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Massachusetts: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Illinois: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Nevada: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Iowa: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Washington: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Alabama: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Michigan: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Hawaii: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Minnesota: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Pennsylvania: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Texas: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Idaho: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Arizona: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Wisconsin: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Montana: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Arkansas: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Kansas: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Vermont: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Oregon: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Alaska: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Wyoming: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Teachers as Language-Policy Actors: Contending with the Erasure of Lesser-Used Languages in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Kara

2010-01-01

On the basis of an ethnographic study of the Voro-language revitalization in Estonia, this article explores the way teachers function as policy actors in the broader context of the school. As policy actors, the language teachers' appropriation of regional-language policy helps simultaneously to reproduce and challenge existing ideologies in the…

Translating Policy: Governmentality and the Reflective Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perryman, Jane; Ball, Stephen J.; Braun, Annette; Maguire, Meg

2017-01-01

This paper deploys some concepts from the work of Michel Foucault to problematise the mundane and quotidian "practices" of policy translation as these occur in the everyday of schools. In doing that, we suggest that these "practices" are complicit in the formation of and constitution of teacher subjects, and their subjection to…

Natural Fatigue Crack Initiation and Detection in High Quality Spur Gears

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Natural Fatigue Crack Initiation and Detection in High Quality Spur Gears by David “Blake” Stringer, Ph.D., Kelsen E. LaBerge, Ph.D., Cory...0383 June 2012 Natural Fatigue Crack Initiation and Detection in High Quality Spur Gears David “Blake” Stringer and Ph.D., Kelsen E. LaBerge...Quality Spur Gears 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) David “Blake” Stringer, Ph.D., Kelsen E

U.S. Teachers as Policy Protagonists in Digital Public Spaces?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robert, Sarah A.

2017-01-01

Teachers engage with policies far beyond the confines of their classroom and seemingly unrelated to their classroom practice, stretching the parameters of theories such as street-level bureaucracy (Lipsky, 2010; Weatherly & Lipsky, 1977) and doing policy in schools (Ball, Maguire, & Braun, 2012). This was observed in ethnographic studies…

Teacher Preparation for Emergent Bilingual Students: Implications of Evidence for Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

López, Francesca; Santibañez, Lucrecia

2018-01-01

Failure to adequately prepare teachers of emergent bilingual (EB) students could have devastating consequences for student achievement, EB reclassification, and eventually, high school and college completion. To enhance the policy discourse, we explore how teacher certification requirements relate to both EB student achievement and teacher…

Constructing Teacher Agency in Response to the Constraints of Education Policy: Adoption and Adaptation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Sarah

2012-01-01

Drawing on agency literature, this paper demonstrates how teachers' professional agency emerged when seemingly conflicting strategies were imposed on them in policy reform. Policy discourse is often linked to performance and accountability measures, which teachers respond to in a number of ways. Some education researchers identify tensions caused…

Experimental Investigation of Shrouding on Meshed Spur Gear Windage Power Loss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delgado, Irebert; Hurrell, Michael

2017-01-01

Windage power loss in high-speed gearboxes result in efficiency losses and increased heating due to drag on the gear teeth. Meshed spur gear windage power loss test results are presented at ambient oil inlet temperatures both with and without shrouding. The rate of windage power loss is observed to increase above 10,000 ft.min., gear surface speed, similar to results presented in the literature. Shrouding is observed to become more effective above 15,000 ft.min., decreasing power loss by 10 at 25,000 ft.min. The need for gearbox oil drain slots limits the effectiveness of shrouding on reducing windage power loss. Also, windage power loss is observed to decrease with increasing gearbox temperatures and to increase with oil flow. Windage power losses for the unshrouded meshed spur gears are 7x more than losses determined from unshrouded single spur gear tests. A 6x to 12x increase in windage power is observed comparing shrouded single spur gear data with shrouded meshed spur gear data. Based on this preliminary study additional research is suggested to determine the effect of oil drain slot configurations, axial and radial shroud clearances, and higher gear surface speeds on windage power loss. Additional work is also suggested to determine the sensitivity of windage power loss to oil temperature and oil flow. Windage power loss of meshed spur gears tested in both the shrouded and unshrouded configurations is shown to be more than double versus the same spur gears run individually in the same shroud configurations. Further study of the physical processes behind these results is needed for optimizing gearbox shrouds for minimum windage power loss.

Is Small Beautiful? Policy-Making in Teacher Education in Scotland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Menter, Ian; Hulme, Moira

2008-01-01

This paper examines the extent to which political devolution has influenced the nature of education policy-making in Scotland, taking initial teacher education and early professional development as a case. Pre-devolution studies of the policy community in Scotland stressed the close relationships between the various stakeholders and the inherent…

Alternative Routes to Teaching: Mapping the New Landscape of Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grossman, Pam, Ed.; Loeb, Susanna, Ed.

2008-01-01

Over the past 20 years, alternative certification for teachers has emerged as a major avenue of teacher preparation. The proliferation of new pathways has spurred heated debate over how best to recruit, prepare, and support qualified teachers. "Alternative Routes to Teaching" provides a thorough and dispassionate review of the research evidence on…

Teacher Employment and Collective Bargaining Laws in California: Structuring School District Discretion over Teacher Employment. Policy Brief 11-2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koski, William S.; Tang, Aaron

2011-01-01

There is broad agreement that teacher quality is related to student achievement, but there is far less agreement about the degree to which school districts and administrators are constrained in making policies to improve teacher quality that might also affect teacher employment and working conditions. Conventional wisdom holds that state law and…

The Effects of Education Accountability on Teachers: Are Policies Too-Stress Provoking for Their Own Good?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berryhill, Joseph; Linney, Jean Ann; Fromewick, Jill

2009-01-01

Education policies in the United States and other nations have established academic standards and made teachers accountable for improved standardized test scores. Because policies can have unintended effects, in this study we investigated U.S. elementary school teachers' perceptions of their state's accountability policy, particularly its effect…

Evolution of spur-length diversity in Aquilegia petals is achieved solely through cell-shape anisotropy.

PubMed

Puzey, Joshua R; Gerbode, Sharon J; Hodges, Scott A; Kramer, Elena M; Mahadevan, L

2012-04-22

The role of petal spurs and specialized pollinator interactions has been studied since Darwin. Aquilegia petal spurs exhibit striking size and shape diversity, correlated with specialized pollinators ranging from bees to hawkmoths in a textbook example of adaptive radiation. Despite the evolutionary significance of spur length, remarkably little is known about Aquilegia spur morphogenesis and its evolution. Using experimental measurements, both at tissue and cellular levels, combined with numerical modelling, we have investigated the relative roles of cell divisions and cell shape in determining the morphology of the Aquilegia petal spur. Contrary to decades-old hypotheses implicating a discrete meristematic zone as the driver of spur growth, we find that Aquilegia petal spurs develop via anisotropic cell expansion. Furthermore, changes in cell anisotropy account for 99 per cent of the spur-length variation in the genus, suggesting that the true evolutionary innovation underlying the rapid radiation of Aquilegia was the mechanism of tuning cell shape.

Teacher Education Policy in the United States: Issues and Tensions in an Era of Evolving Expectations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Earley, Penelope M., Ed.; Imig, David G., Ed.; Michelli, Nicholas M., Ed.

2011-01-01

What constitutes a high quality teacher education program and what standards teacher candidates should meet before receiving their teaching credential? This volume advances deep understanding of the nature and sources of policy affecting the preparation of teachers in the U.S. and the conflicts or interconnections of these policies with the…

Free Teacher Education Policy Implementation in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagin, Dean A.

2012-01-01

In 2007 the Chinese central government implemented the Free Teacher Education Policy (FTEP), which offered qualifying students admission to prestigious national universities, four years of free tuition, room and board, and a stipend in exchange for a commitment to teach in their home province for ten years; the first two of those years in a rural…

Hoarse with No Name: Chronic Voice Problems, Policy and Music Teacher Marginalisation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Patrick; Morrow, Sharon L.

2016-01-01

The voice is arguably one of the most important tools of the trade for music teachers. However, vocal health for music teachers is often relegated to the margins of policy discussion. This article investigates the social and political environs where vocal health resides, arguing that music teachers must be the first advocates for the enforcement…

Examining Mathematics Teacher Content Knowledge: Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Esprivalo Harrell, Pamela; Eddy, Colleen McLean

2012-01-01

This study examines mathematics teacher content knowledge in terms of state and national policymaker recommendations, college coursework and the Mathematics Texas Examination of Educator Standards (TExES) score. Results indicate differences between state and national policy recommendations and college degrees in mathematics. A statistically…

Getting from Here to There: The Roles of Policy Makers and Principals in Increasing Science Teacher Quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, Ji; Gerard, Libby; Bowyer, Jane

2010-04-01

In this study we investigate how federal and state policy makers, and school principals are working to improve science teacher quality. Interviews, focused discussions, and policy documents serve as the primary data source. Findings suggest that both policy makers and principals prioritize increasing incentives for teachers entering the science teaching profession, providing professional development for new teachers, and using students’ data to evaluate and improve instruction. Differences between the two leadership groups emerged in terms of the grain size and practicality of their concerns. Our findings indicate that the complexity of educational challenges to improve science teacher quality call for the co-construction of policy by multiple constituent groups including school principals, federal and state policy makers, and science education researchers.

Pollinator shifts and the evolution of spur length in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia.

PubMed

Boberg, Elin; Alexandersson, Ronny; Jonsson, Magdalena; Maad, Johanne; Ågren, Jon; Nilsson, L Anders

2014-01-01

Plant-pollinator interactions are thought to have shaped much of floral evolution. Yet the relative importance of pollinator shifts and coevolutionary interactions for among-population variation in floral traits in animal-pollinated species is poorly known. This study examined the adaptive significance of spur length in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia. Geographical variation in the length of the floral spur of P. bifolia was documented in relation to variation in the pollinator fauna across Scandinavia, and a reciprocal translocation experiment was conducted in south-east Sweden between a long-spurred woodland population and a short-spurred grassland population. Spur length and pollinator fauna varied among regions and habitats, and spur length was positively correlated with the proboscis length of local pollinators. In the reciprocal translocation experiment, long-spurred woodland plants had higher pollination success than short-spurred grassland plants at the woodland site, while no significant difference was observed at the grassland site. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that optimal floral phenotype varies with the morphology of the local pollinators, and that the evolution of spur length in P. bifolia has been largely driven by pollinator shifts.

Pollinator shifts and the evolution of spur length in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia

PubMed Central

Boberg, Elin; Alexandersson, Ronny; Jonsson, Magdalena; Maad, Johanne; Ågren, Jon; Nilsson, L. Anders

2014-01-01

Background and Aims Plant–pollinator interactions are thought to have shaped much of floral evolution. Yet the relative importance of pollinator shifts and coevolutionary interactions for among-population variation in floral traits in animal-pollinated species is poorly known. This study examined the adaptive significance of spur length in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia. Methods Geographical variation in the length of the floral spur of P. bifolia was documented in relation to variation in the pollinator fauna across Scandinavia, and a reciprocal translocation experiment was conducted in south-east Sweden between a long-spurred woodland population and a short-spurred grassland population. Key Results Spur length and pollinator fauna varied among regions and habitats, and spur length was positively correlated with the proboscis length of local pollinators. In the reciprocal translocation experiment, long-spurred woodland plants had higher pollination success than short-spurred grassland plants at the woodland site, while no significant difference was observed at the grassland site. Conclusions The results are consistent with the hypothesis that optimal floral phenotype varies with the morphology of the local pollinators, and that the evolution of spur length in P. bifolia has been largely driven by pollinator shifts. PMID:24169591

Erosional development of bedrock spur and gully topography in the Valles Marineris, Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patton, Peter C.

1990-01-01

Gully networks separated by resistant bedrock spurs are a common erosional feature along the escarpments that border the Valles Marineris. The resistant spur topography is best developed where the base of the slope is truncated by linear scarps interpreted as fault scarps. Regional variations in slope morphology imply that spur and gully topography undergoes a systematic progressive degradation through time associated with the erosional destruction of the basal fault scarps. The comparative morphometry of the divide networks indicates that the density of the spur networks and the number of first-order unbranched spurs decreases as the basal slope break becomes more sinuous. Abstraction of the spurs occurs through regolith storage in adjacent gullies at the slope base and the most degraded slope forms are entirely buried in talus. The basal fault scarps apparently control regolith transport by allowing debris to drain from the slope. As these basal scarps decay the slope base becomes increasingly sinuous and the slopes become transport limited. Dry mass-wasting may be the most important process acting on these slopes where a continually lowered base level is required to maintain the spur topography. In contrast to the Martian slopes, range front fault escarpments in the western U.S. show no systematic trend in spur network geometry as they are eroded. These weathering limited slopes are controlled by the more efficient removal of regolith through fluvial processes which rapidly create quasi-equilibrium drainage networks.

"SPURS" in the North Atlantic Salinity Maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, Raymond

2014-05-01

The North Atlantic Salinity Maximum is the world's saltiest open ocean salinity maximum and was the focus of the recent Salinity Processes Upper-ocean Regional Study (SPURS) program. SPURS was a joint venture between US, French, Irish, and Spanish investigators. Three US and two EU cruises were involved from August, 1012 - October, 2013 as well as surface moorings, glider, drifter and float deployments. Shipboard operations included underway meteorological and oceanic data, hydrographic surveys and turbulence profiling. The goal is to improve our understanding of how the salinity maximum is maintained and how it may be changing. It is formed by an excess of evaporation over precipitation and the wind-driven convergence of the subtropical gyre. Such salty areas are getting saltier with global warming (a record high SSS was observed in SPURS) and it is imperative to determine the relative roles of surface water fluxes and oceanic processes in such trends. The combination of accurate surface flux estimates with new assessments of vertical and horizontal mixing in the ocean will help elucidate the utility of ocean salinity in quantifying the changing global water cycle.

Revamping the Teacher Evaluation Process. Education Policy Brief. Volume 9, Number 4, Fall 2011

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteman, Rodney S.; Shi, Dingjing; Plucker, Jonathan A.

2011-01-01

This policy brief explores Senate Enrolled Act 001 (SEA 1), specifically the provisions for how teachers must be evaluated. After a short summary of SEA 1 and its direct changes to evaluation policies and practices, the brief reviews literature in teacher evaluation and highlights important issues for school corporations to consider when selecting…

Experimental Investigation of Shrouding on Meshed Spur Gear Windage Power Loss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delgado, Irebert R.; Hurrell, Michael J.

2017-01-01

Windage power loss in high-speed gearboxes results in efficiency losses and increased heating due to drag on the gear teeth. Test results for meshed spur gear windage power loss are presented at ambient oil inlet temperatures, both with and without shrouding. The rate of windage power loss is observed to increase above a gear surface speed of 10,000 feet per minute (51 meters per second), similar to results presented in the literature. Shrouding is observed to become more effective above 15,000 feet per minute (76 meters per second), decreasing power loss by 10 percent at 25,000 feet per minute (127 meters per second). The need for gearbox oil drain slots limits the effectiveness of shrouding in reducing windage power loss. Windage power loss is observed to decrease with increasing gearbox temperatures and to increase with oil flow. Windage power losses for unshrouded meshed spur gears are 7 times greater than losses determined from unshrouded single spur gear tests. A 6- to 12-times increase in windage power loss is observed in the shrouded meshed spur gear data compared with shrouded single spur gear data. Based on this preliminary study, additional research is suggested to determine the effect of oil drain slot configurations, axial and radial shroud clearances, and higher gear surface speeds on windage power loss. Additional work is also suggested to determine the sensitivity of windage power loss to oil temperature and oil flow. Windage power loss for meshed spur gears tested in both the shrouded and unshrouded configurations is shown to be more than double versus windage power loss for the same spur gears run individually in the same shroud configurations. Further study of the physical processes behind these results is needed to optimize gearbox shrouds for minimum windage power loss.

The nectar spur is not only a simple specialization for long-proboscid pollinators.

PubMed

Vlašánková, Anna; Padyšáková, Eliška; Bartoš, Michael; Mengual, Ximo; Janečková, Petra; Janeček, Štěpán

2017-09-01

Since the time of Darwin, biologists have considered the floral nectar spur to be an adaptation representing a high degree of plant specialization. Nevertheless, some researchers suggest that nature is more complex and that even morphologically specialized plants attract a wide spectrum of visitors. We observed visitors on Impatiens burtonii (Balsaminaceae) and measured the depth of the proboscis insertion into the spur, the distance of the nectar surface from the spur entrance and the visitor's effectiveness. The hoverfly Melanostoma sp., with the shortest proboscis, was most active early in the morning and fed on pollen and nectar near the spur entrance. The honeybee Apis mellifera and the hoverfly Rhingia mecyana were the most frequent visitors before and after noon, respectively. Although R. mecyana, the only visitor able to reach the end of the spur, was the most frequent, it did not deposit the largest number of pollen grains per visit. Nectar spurs may function as complex structures allowing pollination by both short- and long-proboscid visitors and separating their spatial and temporal niches. Spurred plants should be considered as more generalized and exposed to more diverse selection pressures than previously believed. © 2017 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2017 New Phytologist Trust.

A Closer Look: Teacher Evaluations and Reduction-in-Force Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomsen, Jennifer

2014-01-01

An increasing number of states are requiring teacher performance, as measured by evaluations, be considered when districts are conducting layoffs or reductions in force, according to a 50-state policy review by the Education Commission of the States (ECS). ECS reviewed reduction-in-force policies in 2012 and recently created an online database,…

Working Downstream: A Beginning EL Teacher Negotiating Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malsbary, Christine Brigid; Appelgate, Mollie H.

2016-01-01

This case study describes how a beginning teacher struggled to meet her students' needs in an ESL classroom. Her struggle demonstrated the interrelated nature of policy and practice: Policy effects in her school isolated her and made her feel solely responsible for the achievement of her newly arrived English-learning (EL) students. Her case…

Practices influenced by policy? An exploration of newly hired science teachers at sites in South Africa and the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Navy, S. L.; Luft, J. A.; Toerien, R.; Hewson, P. W.

2018-05-01

In many parts of the world, newly hired science teachers' practices are developing in a complex policy environment. However, little is known about how newly hired science teachers' practices are enacted throughout a cycle of instruction and how these practices can be influenced by macro-, meso-, and micro-policies. Knowing how policies impact practice can result in better policies or better support for certain policies in order to enhance the instruction of newly hired teachers. This comparative study investigated how 12 newly hired science teachers at sites in South Africa (SA) and the United States (US) progressed through an instructional cycle of planning, teaching, and reflection. The qualitative data were analysed through beginning teacher competency frameworks, the cycle of instruction, and institutional theory. Data analysis revealed prevailing areas of practice and connections to levels of policy within the instructional cycle phases. There were some differences between the SA and US teachers and among first-, second-, and third-year teachers. More importantly, this study indicates that newly hired teachers are susceptible to micro-policies and are progressively developing their practice. It also shows the importance of meso-level connectors. It suggests that teacher educators and policy makers must consider how to prepare and support newly hired science teachers to achieve the shared global visions of science teaching.

Posterior symphyseal spurs--an unusual differential diagnosis in athletes with groin pain.

PubMed

Hopp, Sascha Jörg; Ojodu, Ishaq; Pohlemann, Tim; Kelm, Jens

2015-05-01

We set out to highlight the significance of posterior symphyseal spurs as an unusual diagnostic possibility in athletes with chronic groin pain and to demonstrate that operative resection was successful in quickly and safely returning the patients to sporting activities. Five competitive nonprofessional male athletes, three soccer players, and two marathon runners (median age: 30 [26/33] years), who presented to us with significant groin and central pubic pain with duration of at least 12 months, and who had failed conservative or surgical interventions (symphyseal plating), were evaluated. Physical examination as well as pelvic radiographs confirmed the diagnosis of posterior symphyseal spurs. Four out of five athletes underwent complete resection of the spur. Size of spurs was 2.2 (1.3/2.9) cm (median) with four of them posterosuperiorly and one posterocentrally located. All of them had uneventful postoperative recovery period and were still pain-free at the latest follow up after 26.6 months (24/30). Median time-to-return to competitive sports level was 10 weeks (8/13). None of the patients developed pubic instability due to symphyseal spur resection. The results of considerable postoperative improvement in our patients highlight the significance of posterior symphyseal spurs as a diagnostic possibility in athletes with chronic groin pain.

Public Policy and Teacher Labor Markets. What We Know and Why It Matters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loeb, Susanna; Reininger, Michelle

2004-01-01

This report summarizes current knowledge about the labor market for teachers and provides policy recommendations to enhance the supply of high-quality teachers. Many schools throughout the country, particularly those with low-income and low-achieving students, have difficulty attracting and retaining high-quality teachers. These schools…

Teacher Quality, Teacher Effectiveness and the Diminishing Returns of Current Education Policy Expressions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skourdoumbis, Andrew

2017-01-01

This paper engages with an overt policy storyline, namely that the effective classroom teaching practice(s) of quality teachers not only corrects for but overcomes post-Fordist capital insecurities. Increasingly considered the sole and only solid foundations needed to enhance student achievement as preparation for twenty-first century economic…

Teacher Blogs and Education Policy in a Publicly Private World: Filling the Gap between Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Kiersten

2017-01-01

K-12 teachers who write about their daily work on blogs and other social media platforms share local knowledge and wisdom from the immediate view of the classroom. These first-hand retellings of everyday classroom life offer a unique critique of educational policy from the teachers' perspective. Reporting on the analysis of 14 public-facing blogs…

Retaining Teacher Talent: Convergence and Contradictions in Teachers' Perceptions of Policy Reform Ideas. A Retaining Teacher Talent Report from Learning Point Associates and Public Agenda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coggshall, Jane G.; Ott, Amber

2010-01-01

As a new decade dawns, teachers stand at the center of a policy vortex. They serve as the primary focus of one of the Obama administration's four pillars of educational reform--effective teachers and leaders. Educational reformers of all stripes have focused tremendous energy on thinking of ways to identify effective teachers and in turn recruit,…

Teacher Evaluation and Collective Bargaining: Resolving Policy at a Local Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paige, Mark

2013-01-01

This case study analyzes controversial teacher evaluation policies in the context of collective bargaining. Dr. Jill Abrams, a new superintendent in a struggling school district, is at the center of the case. Her school board demands a form of teacher evaluation she finds problematic because it includes value-added modeling. Moreover, the board…

Blueprint for Change in South Dakota: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in North Dakota: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in North Carolina: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in New Hampshire: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in New Mexico: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in West Virginia: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in South Carolina: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Optimal design of compact spur gear reductions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savage, M.; Lattime, S. B.; Kimmel, J. A.; Coe, H. H.

1992-01-01

The optimal design of compact spur gear reductions includes the selection of bearing and shaft proportions in addition to gear mesh parameters. Designs for single mesh spur gear reductions are based on optimization of system life, system volume, and system weight including gears, support shafts, and the four bearings. The overall optimization allows component properties to interact, yielding the best composite design. A modified feasible directions search algorithm directs the optimization through a continuous design space. Interpolated polynomials expand the discrete bearing properties and proportions into continuous variables for optimization. After finding the continuous optimum, the designer can analyze near optimal designs for comparison and selection. Design examples show the influence of the bearings on the optimal configurations.

A Research Review of the Impact of Accountability Policies on Teachers' Workplace Relations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mausethagen, Solvi

2013-01-01

This article reviews research on changes in teachers' workplace relations in a policy context that increasingly emphasizes accountability. The findings indicate that a greater focus on testing and student performance often leads to less attention to the caring and relational aspects of teachers' work. Prevailing and enduring ideas about teachers'…

Iranian English Language Teachers' Views of Research: Implications for Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadeghi, Karim; Abutorabi, Parviz

2017-01-01

Understanding teachers' conceptions of research is fundamental to creating opportunities for teachers to be research-engaged and to take a more leading role in policy and curriculum development. This study investigated the views of Iranian English language teachers towards research by examining their conceptions of what research is, how often they…

Accuracy of Principal and Teacher Knowledge of School District Policies on Sun Protection in California Elementary Schools.

PubMed

Buller, David B; Reynolds, Kim D; Berteletti, Julia; Massie, Kim; Ashley, Jeff; Buller, Mary Klein; Meenan, Richard T

2018-01-18

Policy is a key aspect of school-based efforts to prevent skin cancer. We explored the extent and accuracy of knowledge among principals and teachers in California public school districts about the elements specified in their district's written sun safety policy. The sample consisted of California public school districts that subscribed to the California School Boards Association, had an elementary school, adopted Board Policy 5141.7 for sun safety, and posted it online. The content of each policy was coded. Principals (n = 118) and teachers (n = 113) in elementary schools were recruited from September 2013 through December 2015 and completed a survey on sun protection policies and practices from January 2014 through April 2016. Only 38 of 117 principals (32.5%) were aware that their school district had a sun protection policy. A smaller percentage of teachers (13 of 109; 11.9%) than principals were aware of the policy (F 108 = 12.76, P < .001). We found greater awareness of the policy among principals and teachers who had more years of experience working in public education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, F 106 = 4.71, P = .03) and worked in schools with more non-Hispanic white students (OR = 7.65, F 109 = 8.61, P = .004) and fewer Hispanic students (OR = 0.28, F 109 = 4.27, P = .04). Policy adoption is an important step in implementing sun safety practices in schools, but districts may need more effective means of informing school principals and teachers of sun safety policies. Implementation will lag without clear understanding of the policy's content by school personnel.

Flow near a model spur dike with a fixed scoured bed

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Three-dimensional flow velocities were measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter at a closely spaced grid over a fixed scoured bed with a submerged spur dike. Three-dimensional flow velocities were measured at 3484 positions around the trapezoidal shaped submerged model spur dike over a fixed ...

Towards a Policy Social Psychology: Teacher Engagement with Policy Enactment and the Core Concept of Affective Disruption

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheikh, Irfan; Bagley, Carl

2018-01-01

The article uncovers the complex process of educational policy enactment and the impact this process has on teachers as policy actors as they undertake the task of introducing a new mathematics curriculum in a Canadian secondary school. The three year study based on in-depth qualitative interviews adopts a classic grounded theory approach of…

Do British Columbia's Recent Education Policy Changes Enhance Professionalism among Teachers?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grimmett, Peter P.; D'Amico, Laura

2008-01-01

Beginning with the Sullivan Royal Commission on Education in 1988, British Columbia (BC) teachers experienced a policy context that led to a decade of intense professional learning around innovative instructional strategies and curriculum. From 2001 on, the policy context changed considerably. There has been a flurry of changes designed to bring…

Governmentality in Environmental Education Policy Discourses: A Qualitative Study of Teachers in Botswana

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ketlhoilwe, M. J.

2013-01-01

International environmental education policy discourses have influenced policy construction in Botswana and how teachers conduct themselves and teaching in environmental learning. The researcher uses Foucault's notion of governmentality to understand the effects of power/knowledge relations in policy. The analysis is taken further through a…

Language Policy toward Equity: How Bilingual Teachers Use Policy Mandates to Their Own Ends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zuniga, Christian E.; Henderson, Kathryn I.; Palmer, Deborah K.

2018-01-01

The article explores the intersection of equity goals and language ideologies within a dual language bilingual education (DLBE) language policy context. We present two DLBE teachers, Karina and Marisol, and explore their language ideologies and professional conviction towards equitable learning opportunities for their students. We investigate how…

Teacher Education: Interface Between Practices and Policies: The Malaysian Experience 1979-1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ratnavadivel, Nagendralingan

1999-01-01

Describes preservice teacher education in Malaysia, focusing on the interface between policies and practices as orchestrated by the Teacher Education Division of the Ministry of Education. Looks at changes in the political, economic, and sociocultural spheres, both locally and internationally, that have helped ensure qualitative and quantitative…

The Teacher Supply Pipeline in Illinois: Entrance into and Exit from Teaching. Policy Research Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Presley, Jennifer B.

2002-01-01

This Policy Research Brief summarizes findings from several studies of the Illinois teacher supply pipeline. It describes current teacher shortages, and identifies opportunities to plug leaks in the teacher supply pipeline. (Contains 7 endnotes.)

Teacher Responses to Pay-for-Performance Policies: Survey Results from Four High-Poverty, Urban School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wells, John

2011-01-01

Policymakers are increasingly adopting "pay-for-performance" policies in which teachers are compensated based on their performance as measured by classroom evaluations and/or student achievement test results. Prior research has produced largely inconclusive findings concerning support among teachers for these policies and their effects…

Whale or Shark? A Description of State Policy Domains for Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tate, Phillip

1988-01-01

Results of a comparative case study of four states (Illinois, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Texas) revealed the existence of identifiable sociopolitical systems (policy domains), at the state level, for determining teacher education standards. State systems for the governance of teacher education are described with regard to participants and how…

A Culturally Consonant Tone: African American Teacher Theorizing on Character Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Chrystal S.

2008-01-01

In this article, I describe the influence race, historicity, and culture had on an African American social studies teacher's agency and negotiation of character education policy. Situated in a teacher personal theorizing framework, I use a three-dimensional narrative inquiry space (temporal, personal/existential, and place) to excavate this…

Increasing the number of female primary school teachers in African countries: Effects, barriers and policies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haugen, Caitlin S.; Klees, Steven J.; Stromquist, Nelly P.; Lin, Jing; Choti, Truphena; Corneilse, Carol

2014-12-01

Girls' education has been a high development priority for decades. While some progress has been made, girls are often still at a great disadvantage, especially in developing countries, and most especially in African countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, less than half of primary school teachers and only a quarter of secondary school teachers are women, and enrolment figures for girls are low. One common policy prescription is to increase the number of women teachers, especially in the many countries where teaching remains a predominantly male profession. This policy prescription needs to be backed by more evidence in order to significantly increase and improve its effective implementation. The available research seems to suggest that girls are more likely to enrol in schools where there are female teachers. Moreover, increasing the number of trained teachers in sub-Saharan Africa depends on more girls completing their school education. To date, however, there has been no comprehensive literature review analysing the effects of being taught by women teachers on girls' educational experience. This paper aims to make a start on filling this gap by examining the evidence on the effects in primary schools, especially in African countries. It also identifies and examines the barriers women face in becoming and staying teachers, and considers policies to remedy their situation.

Negotiating Implementation of High-Stakes Performance Assessment Policies in Teacher Education: From Compliance to Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peck, Charles A.; Gallucci, Chrysan; Sloan, Tine

2010-01-01

Teacher education programs in the United States face a variety of new accountability policies at both the federal and the state level. Many of these policies carry high-stakes implications for students and programs and involve some of the same challenges for implementation as they have in the P-12 arena. Serious dilemmas for teacher educators…

Teacher Transfer Policy and the Implications for Equity in Urban School Districts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krei, Melinda Scott

Policies and practices associated with intra-district teacher transfers in urban school districts were examined, exploring the implications for educational equity of this aspect of teacher mobility. Human capital theory and the theory of internal labor markets and their institutional rules provided the primary theoretical focus of the research.…

Teachers' Views on World Issues: A Digest of the Policies of WCOTP.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession, Morges (Switzerland).

This document summarizes the policies of the World Confederation of Organisations of the Teaching Profession (WCOTP) in relation to a wide range of topics affecting education and the status of teachers. Topical areas are covered in four sections: education, teachers, women, and contemporary world issues. Section 1, "Education," looks at…

From Proposal to Policy: Social Movements and Teachers' Unions in Latin America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finger, Leslie; Gindin, Julián

2015-01-01

Latin American teachers' unions have stepped into the policymaking sphere and shaped education policies unrelated to regular workplace priorities like salaries and class sizes at notable moments. The literature on teachers' unions in Latin America has not addressed this, tending to focus instead on those unions' history and role in social…

The SPURS Data Management System: Real-time Situational Awareness at Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bingham, F.; Chao, Y.; Li, P.; Vu, Q. A.

2012-12-01

SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper ocean Regional Study) is a field program in the North Atlantic to study the subtropical surface salinity maximum. It is a heterogeneous array consisting of research ships, profiling floats, surface drifters, gliders, microstructure profilers and moorings, as well as satellite observations and models. The SPURS Data Management System aims to capture the status of the observing system in near-real time and allow SPURS science team members to deploy observational assets "on the fly". At the heart of this is a visualization system that tracks the positions of the various assets and displays them in a an interface using Google Earth. The interface was used by program participants on land and at sea to coordinate the deployment of instrumentation. Before the Fall AGU, SPURS will have completed the first part of its mission with a 6-week cruise to the study area. This poster presents some of the highlights of the field campaign, and details the lessons learned in doing real-time oceanography on the high seas.

Accuracy of Principal and Teacher Knowledge of School District Policies on Sun Protection in California Elementary Schools

PubMed Central

Reynolds, Kim D.; Berteletti, Julia; Massie, Kim; Ashley, Jeff; Buller, Mary Klein; Meenan, Richard T.

2018-01-01

Introduction Policy is a key aspect of school-based efforts to prevent skin cancer. We explored the extent and accuracy of knowledge among principals and teachers in California public school districts about the elements specified in their district’s written sun safety policy. Methods The sample consisted of California public school districts that subscribed to the California School Boards Association, had an elementary school, adopted Board Policy 5141.7 for sun safety, and posted it online. The content of each policy was coded. Principals (n = 118) and teachers (n = 113) in elementary schools were recruited from September 2013 through December 2015 and completed a survey on sun protection policies and practices from January 2014 through April 2016. Results Only 38 of 117 principals (32.5%) were aware that their school district had a sun protection policy. A smaller percentage of teachers (13 of 109; 11.9%) than principals were aware of the policy (F 108 = 12.76, P < .001). We found greater awareness of the policy among principals and teachers who had more years of experience working in public education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, F 106 = 4.71, P = .03) and worked in schools with more non-Hispanic white students (OR = 7.65, F 109 = 8.61, P = .004) and fewer Hispanic students (OR = 0.28, F 109 = 4.27, P = .04). Conclusion Policy adoption is an important step in implementing sun safety practices in schools, but districts may need more effective means of informing school principals and teachers of sun safety policies. Implementation will lag without clear understanding of the policy’s content by school personnel. PMID:29346065

Michael J. Fox: Spurring Research on Parkinson's

MedlinePlus

... on. Feature: Parkinson's Disease Michael J. Fox: Spurring Research on Parkinson's Past Issues / Winter 2014 Table of ... founded the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research in the year 2000. Photo courtesy of Shutterstock " ...

Policies, Agendas, and Practices Influencing Doctoral Education in Physical Education Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, Phillip

2016-01-01

If teaching physical education is a moral activity, it follows that there is a moral component to the preparation of teachers of physical education and thus a moral component to the preparation of teacher educators. In this article, I examine the major policies, agendas, and practices that influence doctoral preparation in physical education…

Comparative anatomy of the nectary spur in selected species of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae).

PubMed

Stpiczyńska, Małgorzata; Davies, Kevin L; Kamińska, Magdalena

2011-03-01

To date, the structure of the nectary spur of Aeridinae has not been studied in detail, and data relating to the nectaries of ornithophilous orchids remain scarce. The present paper compares the structural organization of the floral nectary in a range of Aeridinae species, including both entomophilous and ornithophilous taxa. Nectary spurs of Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. aurantiacum Pradhan, A. curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr., A. garayi Christenson, Papilionanthe vandarum (Rchb.f.) Garay, Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm., Sedirea japonica (Rchb.f.) Garay & H.R. Sweet and Stereochilus dalatensis (Guillaumin) Garay were examined by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The diverse anatomy of the nectary is described for a range of Aeridinae species. All species of Ascocentrum investigated displayed features characteristic of ornithophilous taxa. They have weakly zygomorphic, scentless, red or orange flowers, display diurnal anthesis, possess cryptic anther caps and produce nectar that is secluded in a relatively massive nectary spur. Unicellular, secretory hairs line the lumen at the middle part of the spur. Generally, however, with the exception of Papilionanthe vandarum, the nectary spurs of all entomophilous species studied here (Schoenorchis gemmata, Sedirea japonica, Stereochilus dalatensis) lack secretory trichomes. Moreover, collenchymatous secretory tissue, present only in the nectary spur of Asiatic Ascocentrum species, closely resembles that found in nectaries of certain Neotropical species that are hummingbird-pollinated and assigned to subtribes Maxillariinae Benth., Laeliinae Benth. and Oncidiinae Benth. This similarity in anatomical organization of the nectary, regardless of geographical distribution and phylogeny, indicates convergence.

Comparative anatomy of the nectary spur in selected species of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae)

PubMed Central

Stpiczyńska, Małgorzata; Davies, Kevin L.; Kamińska, Magdalena

2011-01-01

Background and Aims To date, the structure of the nectary spur of Aeridinae has not been studied in detail, and data relating to the nectaries of ornithophilous orchids remain scarce. The present paper compares the structural organization of the floral nectary in a range of Aeridinae species, including both entomophilous and ornithophilous taxa. Methods Nectary spurs of Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr. var. aurantiacum Pradhan, A. curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr., A. garayi Christenson, Papilionanthe vandarum (Rchb.f.) Garay, Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm., Sedirea japonica (Rchb.f.) Garay & H.R. Sweet and Stereochilus dalatensis (Guillaumin) Garay were examined by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Key Results and Conclusions The diverse anatomy of the nectary is described for a range of Aeridinae species. All species of Ascocentrum investigated displayed features characteristic of ornithophilous taxa. They have weakly zygomorphic, scentless, red or orange flowers, display diurnal anthesis, possess cryptic anther caps and produce nectar that is secluded in a relatively massive nectary spur. Unicellular, secretory hairs line the lumen at the middle part of the spur. Generally, however, with the exception of Papilionanthe vandarum, the nectary spurs of all entomophilous species studied here (Schoenorchis gemmata, Sedirea japonica, Stereochilus dalatensis) lack secretory trichomes. Moreover, collenchymatous secretory tissue, present only in the nectary spur of Asiatic Ascocentrum species, closely resembles that found in nectaries of certain Neotropical species that are hummingbird-pollinated and assigned to subtribes Maxillariinae Benth., Laeliinae Benth. and Oncidiinae Benth. This similarity in anatomical organization of the nectary, regardless of geographical distribution and phylogeny, indicates convergence. PMID:21183455

Teacher Effects and Teacher-Related Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, C. Kirabo; Rockoff, Jonah E.; Staiger, Douglas O.

2014-01-01

The emergence of large longitudinal data sets linking students to teachers has led to rapid growth in the study of teacher effects on student outcomes by economists over the past decade. One large literature has documented wide variation in teacher effectiveness that is not well explained by observable student or teacher characteristics. A second…

The association of calcaneal spur length and clinical and functional parameters in plantar fasciitis.

PubMed

Kuyucu, Ersin; Koçyiğit, Figen; Erdil, Mehmet

2015-09-01

Plantar fasciitis (PF)is the most common cause of plantar heel pain. Despite many treatment alternatives for heel spur, the association of calcaneal spur size with clinical and functional parameters is inconclusive. The objective of this study to investigate the correlation of calcaneal spur length with clinical findings and functional status documented with Foot Function Index in patients with plantar fasciitis. We performed power analysis for the sample size estimation. 87 patients with PF were scrutinized to reach the estimated patient number 75. Computer-aided linear measurements were done for spur length from tip to base in milimeters. Perceived pain intensity was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were asked to rate the pain experienced on a 10-cm VAS. Foot function index was applied to the patients to evaluate pain, disability and activity limitation of the patients. Of the 75 participants, 24 were males (32%) and 51 were females (68%). The mean age was 47 ± 10 years (range 30-65 years). The mean calcaneal spur length was 3.86 ± 3.36 mm (range between 0 and 12.2). Calcaneal spur length was significantly correlated with age (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.029), symptom duration, (p = 0.001) VAS (p = 0.003), and FFI total score (p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that length of the calcaneal spur is significantly correlated with age, BMI, symptom duration, perceived pain, FFI pain and disability subscores, and FFI total scores. The size of the calcaneal spur is an important parameter correlated with pain and functional scores in PF. Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Osseous spurs at the fovea capitis femoris-a frequent finding in asymptomatic volunteers.

PubMed

Bensler, Susanne; Agten, Christoph A; Pfirrmann, Christian W A; Sutter, Reto

2018-01-01

To investigate the different morphologic types of the fovea capitis femoris and the spectrum of osseous spurs/osteophytes of the fovea in asymptomatic volunteers and patients with hip osteoarthritis. Sixty-five patients (mean age 63.6 years) with radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis of the hip and 59 asymptomatic healthy volunteers (mean age 33.9 years) underwent non-contrast MRI of the hip joint. Two radiologists independently evaluated all images. Fovea morphology (standard type, diamond type, flat type, triangular type) as well as the frequency, size and location of spurs/osteophytes of the fovea were assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The most frequent morphologic type of the fovea capitis femoris was the standard type for both asymptomatic volunteers (average 45%) and patients (average 49%). Osseous spurs were detected in 70% of the asymptomatic volunteers, and 97% of the patients had osteophytes. Spur size at all locations was significantly smaller in asymptomatic volunteers (range 1-2 mm) than osteophyte size in patients (range 1-4 mm) (p ≤ 0.035). In volunteers and patients, the spurs/osteophytes were most frequently located at the anterior border of the fovea capitis femoris. Smaller osseous spurs (<2 mm) at the border of the fovea capitis femoris are very common in asymptomatic volunteers and do not seem to be pathologic.

Are school policies focused on sexual orientation and gender identity associated with less bullying? Teachers' perspectives.

PubMed

Russell, Stephen T; Day, Jack K; Ioverno, Salvatore; Toomey, Russell B

2016-02-01

Bullying is common in U.S. schools and is linked to emotional, behavioral, and academic risk for school-aged students. School policies and practices focused on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) have been designed to reduce bullying and show promising results. Most studies have drawn from students' reports: We examined teachers' reports of bullying problems in their schools along with their assessments of school safety, combined with principals' reports of SOGI-focused policies and practices. Merging two independent sources of data from over 3000 teachers (California School Climate Survey) and nearly 100 school principals (School Health Profiles) at the school level, we used multi-level models to understand bullying problems in schools. Our results show that SOGI-focused policies reported by principals do not have a strong independent association with teachers' reports of bullying problems in their schools. However, in schools with more SOGI-focused policies, the association between teachers' assessments of school safety and bullying problems is stronger. Recent developments in education law and policy in the United States and their relevance for student well-being are discussed. Copyright © 2015 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design of spur-type streambank stabilization structures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-07-01

streambank stabilization structures has been conducted to establish design guidelines and other criteria for the use of spurs. The recommendations and findings are based on a thorough review of pertinent literature, analysis of several hundred field ...

Teachers' perceptions and actions in carrying out communication policies in a public school for the deaf.

PubMed

Hsing, M H; Lowenbraun, S

1997-03-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' opinions on school communication policies in a public school for the Deaf in Taipei, Taiwan. Specifically, the authors examined how teachers carried out communication policies, and examined possible discrepancies between teachers' perceptions of their communication methods and the methods they actually used in the classroom. Questionnaires were distributed to all 120 teachers at Taipei Municipal School for the Deaf. Thirteen of the 85 respondents were selected as subjects for personal interviews followed by direct classroom observation and videotaping. Sixteen deaf high school seniors at the school were interviewed concerning their opinions about the teachers' communication modes and abilities, and about the communication modes the students experienced.

Teach for America's Paradoxical Diversity Initiative: Race, Policy, and Black Teacher Displacement in Urban Public Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Terrenda

2016-01-01

This article examines the paradox of Teach For America's diversity gains and its support for policies that contribute to Black teacher decline in urban communities. TFA has countered claims that its expansion is connected to teacher displacement, but its two-pronged structure--as an alternative certification program and an influential policy actor…

Conventional wisdom is a poor predictor of the relationship between discipline policy, student misbehaviour and teacher stress.

PubMed

Hart, P M; Wearing, A J; Conn, M

1995-03-01

Will an effective discipline policy improve student misbehaviour and result in a reduction of teacher stress? It is commonly believed that student misbehaviour is a major cause of teacher stress, and that the degree of student misbehaviour is reflected in student suspension rates. Moreover, it is believed that student misbehaviour can be reduced by improving a school's discipline policy through the collaborative efforts of whole school communities. As a result of growing concern about student misbehaviour and teacher stress, a Whole School Approach to Discipline and Student Welfare programme was implemented throughout the Australian state of Victoria. This paper reports on the evaluation studies that were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the programme and examine the assumptions which underpinned its implementation. Data were obtained from 4,072 primary and secondary school teachers. Although longitudinal analyses suggested that the programme was effective in reducing teacher stress, there was no mean change in student misbehaviour. Structural equation analyses showed that there was little relationship between a school's discipline policy and the perceived level of student misbehaviour. It was also found that student suspension rates were not related to student misbehaviour, but could be predicted on the basis of a school's discipline policy and the self-esteem of teachers. Two and three wave causal analyses also demonstrated the problems associated with using cross-sectional research to support major policy decisions. Overall, these studies showed that there is little point in trying to reduce teacher stress by reducing student misbehaviour. Rather, it is more appropriate to develop a supportive organisational climate that enables teachers to cope with the student misbehaviour that confronts them.

State Requirements for Teacher Evaluation Policies Promoted by Race to the Top. NCEE Evaluation Brief. NCEE 2014-4016

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallgren, Kristin; James-Burdumy, Susanne; Perez-Johnson, Irma

2014-01-01

This brief describes the extent to which states required teacher evaluation policies aligned with the Race to the Top (RTT) initiative as of spring 2012. Although teacher evaluation policies appear to be rapidly evolving, documenting policy requirements in the early years of RTT implementation can help inform policymakers about the pace of policy…

Changing Forms of Teacher Education in South Africa: A Case Study of Policy Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayed, Yusuf

2002-01-01

This paper examines some aspects of teacher education policy change in South Africa. It contextualises the changes by firstly examining the apartheid teacher education system and then mapping the changes that have occurred in teacher education in South Africa since 1994. Using a case study of the Further Diploma in Educational Management at the…

Teachers' Perceptions of Greek Special Education Policies and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Kevin J.; Morfidi, Eleni; Soulis, Spyros

2013-01-01

Special education teachers and related service providers were interviewed for their perspectives on Greek special education policies and practices and how these influenced their job preparation and duties. Specifically, they were asked about the impact of the following on their jobs: Greek law related to the education of students with…

Attitudes of School Administrators and Teachers towards the "Smoke-Free Air Zone" Policy in Turkish Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Banoglu, Köksal

2013-01-01

Objective: Schools are likely to be better able to achieve compliance with smoke-free regulations if principals and teachers perceive the importance of a smoke-free policy. The purpose of this study was to measure teacher and administrator attitudes towards the smoke-free policy in Turkish schools, which promotes a total smoking ban. Method: The…

A Methodological Framework for Studying Policy-Oriented Teacher Inquiry in Qualitative Research Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koro-Ljungberg, Mirka

2014-01-01

System-based and collaborative teacher inquiry has unexplored potential that can impact educational policy in numerous ways. This impact can be increased when teacher inquiry builds momentum from classrooms and teaching practices and simultaneously addresses district, state, and national discourses and networks. In this conceptual paper, I…

Comparative floral spur anatomy and nectar secretion in four representatives of Ranunculaceae.

PubMed

Antoń, Sebastian; Kamińska, Magdalena

2015-11-01

Nectaries are common in Ranunculaceae. These secretory structures, however, have not been studied in detail despite their importance in plant-animal interactions, and data relating to the structure of nectary spurs, which are so characteristic of several genera of this family, remain scarce. In order to redress this imbalance, we sought, in the present paper, to analyze the anatomical and ultrastructural organization of the nectary spurs of four representatives of Ranunculaceae, i.e., Aconitum lycoctonum L., Aquilegia vulgaris L., Consolida regalis Gray, and Delphinium elatum L. Nectary spurs were examined using light, fluorescence, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The floral nectaries of A. lycoctonum and A. vulgaris are situated at the apices of the spurs, whereas in C. regalis and D. elatum, the nectary is located along the floor surface of the spurs. Nectar in C. regalis and D. elatum is exuded through micro-channels in the cuticle, whereas in A. lycoctonum and A. vulgaris, it is released by means of cell wall disruption, indicating that the method of nectar secretion here is holocrine. Structurally, the nectary of all four investigated species is quite similar, and its cells are typical of nectar-producing cells described in the literature. It is proposed that in A. lycoctonum and A. vulgaris, disruption of the cell wall and the release of the entire cell contents into the spur cavity contribute to the composition of the nectar that the latter contains, enriching it with cytoplasmic components. We conclude that the manner of nectar exudation may vary considerably between closely related plant species, regardless of their geographical origin and phylogeny.

Student Teachers' Understanding of Policy Behavioural Directives Concerning the Reporting of Child Sexual Abuse: Findings from One Australian State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Juliette D. G.; Grimbeek, Peter

2008-01-01

Background: In the Australian state of Queensland, many Department of Education Policies include behavioural directives for school teachers, whereby "the teacher must..." behave in a certain manner. The introduction of an education policy, such as the mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse by teachers, has significant and wide-ranging…

Can Teachers Be Evaluated by Their Students' Test Scores? Should They Be? The Use of Value-Added Measures of Teacher Effectiveness in Policy and Practice. Education Policy for Action Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corcoran, Sean P.

2010-01-01

Value-added measures of teacher effectiveness are the centerpiece of a national movement to evaluate, promote, compensate, and dismiss teachers based in part on their students' test results. Federal, state, and local policy-makers have adopted these methods en masse in recent years in an attempt to objectively quantify teaching effectiveness and…

Translations of Policy and Shifting Demands of Teacher Professionalism: From CPD to Professional Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watson, Cate; Michael, Maureen K.

2016-01-01

This article concerns policy implementation and examines the processes of translation through which policy may be enacted at local level. In particular, it focuses on education policy and constructions of teacher professionalism, drawing on a framework of critical logics--social, political and fantasmatic--which examine different dimensions of…

Sources of Knowledge of Departmental Policy on Child Sexual Abuse and Mandatory Reporting Identified by Primary School Student-Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Juliette D. G.; Grimbeek, Peter

2011-01-01

The introduction of a Department of Education policy on child sexual abuse and mandatory reporting is significant for school teachers. The mandatory reporting of child sexual abuse by school teachers carries wide-ranging and significant implications for the lives of school-aged children, and for the teachers who must implement the policy's…

Factors Affecting the Impact of Teacher Education Programmes on Teacher Preparedness: Implications for Accreditation Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingvarson, Lawrence; Beavis, Adrian; Kleinhenz, Elizabeth

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to provide guidance to policy-makers about the standards that might be appropriate for accrediting teacher education programmes. The study was commissioned by the Victorian Institute of Teaching (VIT), a statutory body established in 2001 by the Victorian state government with responsibility for the registration…

Policy Making Processes with Respect to Teacher Education in Finland and Norway

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afdal, Hilde Wagsas

2013-01-01

This article examines policy making processes in the area of teacher education (TE) in Finland and Norway. Particular attention is given to the roles different actors play in these processes and the potential effects of their involvement on the TE programs in the two countries. Contemporary policy processes are analyzed through a set of interviews…

Pacific Elementary School Teachers and Language Policy Critique: Context, Text and Consequences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burnett, Greg

2008-01-01

This article explores the issue of language policy analysis for elementary school teachers in the Oceania region, that is Polynesian nations in the southern and eastern, Melanesian nations in the western and Micronesian nations in the northern parts of the Pacific Ocean region. It is grounded in an understanding that education policy work of any…

Croatian Teacher Competencies Related to the Creation and Implementation of Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kovac, Vesna; Rafajac, Branko; Buchberger, Iva

2014-01-01

This research was conducted in order to gain a preliminary insight into the general orientation and range of opinions of 396 primary and secondary school teachers in Croatia toward the a) importance of their competencies related to the education policies; b) cognition and mastering of the competencies related to the education policies; c) the…

Local Social Media Policies Governing Teachers' Professionally Oriented Participation Online: A Content Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodesiler, Luke

2017-01-01

In light of recent scholarship about teachers leveraging social media to support their continuing professional development, this article documents an investigation of school board policies governing teachers' use of social media. Focusing on 30 traditional public school systems within a 10-county region in the Midwestern United States, the author…

Policy and Advocacy Concepts and Processes: Innovative Content in Early Childhood Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollingsworth, Heidi L.; Knight-McKenna, Mary; Bryan, Ren

2016-01-01

Knowledge and skills regarding policy and advocacy are important expectations for today's early childhood workforce, yet policy and advocacy content and processes have not traditionally been emphasized in teacher preparation programmes. This article describes an innovative undergraduate course that goes beyond traditional foci on developmental…

Giving 110%: A Portrait of a Michigan Teacher's Work Week. Policy Report Number 22

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burian-Fitzgerald, Marisa; Harris, Debbi

2004-01-01

The vast majority of Michigan's teachers work above and beyond their required work week; the average teacher works more than 45 hours per week. The time teachers spend outside regular school hours is often ignored by critics who deride the "short hours and long vacations" enjoyed by teachers. When discussing compensation policies and…

The Effectiveness of Shrouding on Reducing Meshed Spur Gear Power Loss - Test Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delgado, I. R.; Hurrell, M. J.

2017-01-01

Gearbox efficiency is reduced at high rotational speeds due to windage drag and viscous effects on rotating, meshed gear components. A goal of NASA aeronautics rotorcraft research is aimed at propulsion technologies that improve efficiency while minimizing vehicle weight. Specifically, reducing power losses to rotorcraft gearboxes would allow gains in areas such as vehicle payload, range, mission type, and fuel consumption. To that end, a gear windage rig has been commissioned at NASA Glenn Research Center to measure windage drag on gears and to test methodologies to mitigate windage power losses. One method used in rotorcraft gearbox design attempts to reduce gear windage power loss by utilizing close clearance walls to enclose the gears in both the axial and radial directions. The close clearance shrouds result in reduced drag on the gear teeth, and reduced power loss. For meshed spur gears, the shrouding takes the form of metal side plates and circumferential metal sectors. Variably positioned axial and radial shrouds are incorporated in the NASA rig to study the effect of shroud clearance on gearbox power loss. A number of researchers have given experimental and analytical results for single spur gears, with and without shrouding. Shrouded meshed spur gear test results are sparse in the literature. Windage tests were run at NASA Glenn using meshed spur gears at four shroud configurations: unshrouded, shrouded (max. axial, max radial), and two intermediate shrouding conditions. Results are compared to available meshed spur gear power loss data analyses as well as single spur gear data/analyses. Recommendations are made for future work.

The Effectiveness of Shrouding on Reducing Meshed Spur Gear Power Loss Test Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delgado, I. R.; Hurrell, M. J.

2017-01-01

Gearbox efficiency is reduced at high rotational speeds due to windage drag and viscous effects on rotating, meshed gear components. A goal of NASA aeronautics rotorcraft research is aimed at propulsion technologies that improve efficiency while minimizing vehicle weight. Specifically, reducing power losses to rotorcraft gearboxes would allow gains in areas such as vehicle payload, range, mission type, and fuel consumption. To that end, a gear windage rig has been commissioned at NASA Glenn Research Center to measure windage drag on gears and to test methodologies to mitigate windage power losses. One method used in rotorcraft gearbox design attempts to reduce gear windage power loss by utilizing close clearance walls to enclose the gears in both the axial and radial directions. The close clearance shrouds result in reduced drag on the gear teeth and reduced power loss. For meshed spur gears, the shrouding takes the form of metal side plates and circumferential metal sectors. Variably positioned axial and radial shrouds are incorporated in the NASA rig to study the effect of shroud clearance on gearbox power loss. A number of researchers have given experimental and analytical results for single spur gears, with and without shrouding. Shrouded meshed spur gear test results are sparse in the literature. Windage tests were run at NASA Glenn using meshed spur gears at four shroud configurations: unshrouded, shrouded (max. axial, max. radial), and two intermediate shrouding conditions. Results are compared to available meshed spur gear power loss data analyses as well as single spur gear data analyses.

A Spur to Atavism: Placing Platypus Poison.

PubMed

Hobbins, Peter

2015-11-01

For over two centuries, the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) has been constructed and categorized in multiple ways. An unprecedented mélange of anatomical features and physiological functions, it long remained a systematic quandary. Nevertheless, since 1797, naturalists and biologists have pursued two recurring obsessions. Investigations into platypus reproduction and lactation have focused attention largely upon females of the species. Despite its apparent admixture of avian, reptilian and mammalian characters, the platypus was soon placed as a rudimentary mammal--primitive, naïve and harmless. This article pursues a different taxonomic trajectory, concentrating on a specifically male anatomical development: the crural spur and venom gland on the hind legs. Once the defining characteristic of both the platypus and echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus), by 1830 this sexed spur had been largely dismissed as inactive and irrelevant. For a creature regularly depicted as a biological outlier, the systematic and evolutionary implications of platypus poison have remained largely overlooked. In Australia, however, sporadic cases of 'spiking' led to consistent homologies being remarked between the platypus crural system and the venom glands of snakes. As with its reproductive reliance upon eggs, possession of an endogenous poison suggested significant reptilian affinities, yet the platypus has rarely been classed as an advanced reptile. Indeed, ongoing uncertainty regarding the biological purpose of the male's spur has ostensibly posed a directional puzzle. As with so many of its traits, however, platypus poison has been consistently described as a redundant remnant, rather than an emergent feature indicating evolutionary advance.

Elementary Teachers' Knowledge of Legislative and Policy Duties for Reporting Child Sexual Abuse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, Kerryann; Mathews, Ben; Rassafiani, Mehdi; Farrell, Ann; Butler, Des

2013-01-01

This study examined elementary school teachers' knowledge of their legislative and policy-based reporting duties with respect to child sexual abuse. Data were collected from 470 elementary school teachers from urban and rural government and nongovernment schools in 3 Australian states, which at the time of the study had 3 different legislative…

The Teacher as a "Colony": A Case Study of Agentive Responses to "Colonising" Education Policy in Vietnam

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saito, Eisuke; Atencio, Matthew; Khong, Thi Diem Hang; Takasawa, Naomi; Murase, Masatsugu; Tsukui, Atsushi; Sato, Manabu

2018-01-01

Neo-liberal educational policies that are being implemented globally work to foster competition among schools and teachers, as well as among children. In this situation, teachers must often come to accept the dominant representations of curricular policy developed by higher authorities. In this study, a case study design is used to describe how…

Teacher Development in Slovenia for Teaching Foreign Languages at the Primary Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brumen, Mihaela; Fojkar, Mateja Dagarin

2012-01-01

The introduction of foreign languages into the first three-year cycle of primary school has spurred the need for qualified teachers, and is one of the main discussion points among experts in foreign language teaching. Most of the contemporary studies report that there is a global gap between the supply of qualified teachers of foreign languages to…

The Politics of Teacher Professional Development: Policy, Research and Practice. Routledge Research in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardy, Ian

2012-01-01

"The Politics of Teacher Professional Development: Policy, Research and Practice" provides innovative insights into teachers' continuing development and learning in contemporary western contexts. Rather than providing a list of "how-tos" and "must dos," this volume is premised on the understanding that by learning…

Integrated Tales of Policies, Teaching and Teacher Education: Reflecting on an Ongoing Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reddy, C.

2009-01-01

Changing times in teacher education has been a long mantra and many changes have been occurring globally in this sector of higher education. In South Africa teacher education change has been linked to changes in the broader education processes and includes policy changes and the development of regulatory frameworks which all impacted on practice…

Recruiting and Retaining Teachers in Urban Schools: Implications for Policy and the Law.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Deneese L.; Sandidge, Rosetta F.

1997-01-01

Addresses teacher supply/demand demographics in urban schools, as well as the legal and policy concerns typically faced by educational leaders responsible for staffing urban schools. Discusses basic principles educational leaders in urban schools must master to comply with the dictates of the law and sound educational policy. (GR)

State of the States: Trends and Early Lessons on Teacher Evaluation and Effectiveness Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2011

2011-01-01

Each year, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ) publishes the "State Teacher Policy Yearbook," a comprehensive examination of the state laws, rules and regulations that govern the teaching profession, measured against a realistic set of reform goals. For five years running, the full "Yearbook" compendium…

How Labor Management Relations and Human Resource Policies Affect the Process of Teacher Assignment in Urban School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youngs, Peter; Pogodzinski, Ben; Galey, Sarah

2015-01-01

Purpose: This study examined how labor-management relations between school districts and teacher associations seem to affect teacher contract provisions regarding the role of seniority in teacher assignment and how contract provisions and teacher assignment policies seem to affect beginning teachers' perceptions about their work environments.…

A Critical Analysis of Initial Teacher Education Policy in Australia and England: Past, Present and Possible Futures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jasman, Anne M.

2009-01-01

The quality of schooling and the teaching workforce are global issues. The author uses a futures methodology to reflect on the past and speculate on the future of initial teacher education policy. The first section looks back at initial teacher education over the last 10 years to clarify and critique the policy directions that are currently…

Compensation Reform and Design Preferences of Teacher Incentive Fund Grantees. Policy Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heyburn, Sara; Lewis, Jessica; Ritter, Gary

2010-01-01

In U.S. K-12 public education, incentive pay for educators remains firmly fixed as a high-interest policy topic and has recently become a popular reform initiative in many school systems. The Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF), created in 2006 by the U.S. Department of Education, is at the forefront of this policy movement and has provided hundreds of…

Mentoring as the Core Element of New Teacher Induction in the USA: Policies and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zembytska, Maryna

2016-01-01

The paper focuses on mentoring as the key strategy of novice teacher induction in the USA. The study reviews current mentoring/induction policies and trends in the U.S. system of in-service teacher training and support. The findings suggest that the conceptual framework, standards and practices of new teacher mentoring in the United States conform…

Teacher Evaluation, Curricular Autonomy and Professional Development: Trends and Tensions in the Portuguese Educational Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgado, Jose Carlos; Sousa, Francisco

2010-01-01

For the past two years, teacher evaluation has been the most visible aspect of educational policy in Portugal. The model that was established in 2008 has prompted not only strong reactions among teachers but also many passionate discussions in the context of the Portuguese society at large. In this article, we discuss issues of teacher evaluation…

High-Stakes Teacher Evaluation Policy: US Principals' Perspectives and Variations in Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Derrington, Mary Lynne; Campbell, John W.

2018-01-01

Principals' implementation of new teacher evaluation policies in a suburban and rural southeastern area of the United States was examined over a five-year period. This study reports findings on two of eleven interview questions examining changes in principals' perceptions over time regarding policy concerns and benefits. Findings indicate while…

75 FR 67303 - Determinations of Attainment by the Applicable Attainment Date for the Hayden, Nogales, Paul Spur...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-02

... of Attainment by the Applicable Attainment Date for the Hayden, Nogales, Paul Spur/Douglas PM 10... proposes to determine that the Hayden, Nogales, and Paul Spur/Douglas nonattainment areas in Arizona... Hayden, Nogales and Paul Spur/Douglas nonattainment areas are not currently attaining the PM 10 standard...

Assessment Policy and Practice Effects on New Zealand and Queensland Teachers' Conceptions of Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Gavin T. L.; Lake, Robert; Matters, Gabrielle

2009-01-01

Teachers' thinking about four conceptions of teaching (i.e., apprenticeship-developmental, nurturing, social reform, and transmission) were captured using the "Teaching Perspectives Inventory" (TPI). New Zealand and Queensland have very similar teaching-related policies and practices but differences around assessment policies and…

Five Portraits of Teachers' Experiences Teaching Writing: Negotiating Knowledge, Student Need, and Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wahleithner, Juliet Michelsen

2018-01-01

Background: Numerous reports have highlighted problems with writing instruction in American schools, yet few examine the interplay of teachers' preparation to teach writing, the instructional policies they must navigate, and the writing development of the students in their classrooms. Purpose: This study examines high school English teachers'…

Making Observation Count: Key Design Elements for Meaningful Teacher Observation. Policy Brief 13-5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Jennifer

2013-01-01

Teacher evaluation has emerged as a potentially powerful policy lever in state and federal debates about how to improve public education. The role of student test scores and "value-added" measures in teacher evaluation has generated intense public controversy, but other approaches to evaluation including especially classroom observations…

An Inquiry of How Art Education Policies Are Reflected in Art Teacher Preparation: Examining the Standards for Visual Arts and Art Teacher Certification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lim, Kyungeun

2017-01-01

Policy changes influence various aspects of art education such as K-12 art education curricula, state licensure systems, and contexts of art teacher preparation. Despite strong relationships between art education policy and practical fields, few studies have attempted to understand art education from the perspective of policy analysis. This study…

Insights on How to Shape Teacher Learning Policy: The Role of Teacher Content Knowledge in Explaining Differential Effects of Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Covay Minor, Elizabeth; Desimone, Laura; Caines Lee, Jade; Hochberg, Eric D.

2016-01-01

In the US, many federal, state and local school improvement policies rely on teacher professional development (PD) to foster classroom change. Past research suggests PD that has a content focus is the most effective, but that even content-focused PD varies in its effectiveness. Through in-depth interviews of teachers participating in a middle…

Intercultural Policies and the Contradictory Views of Teachers: The Roma in Catalonian Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beremenyi, Balint-Abel

2011-01-01

In this article, we examine the contradictions and lack of consistency between various levels of discourse relating to Roma educational policies. Policy-makers have claimed that political interventions would positively impact the progress of Roma. However, the results have been mixed. We argue here that teachers need to re-evaluate their roles as…

Teacher Professional Development as an Effect of Policy and Practice: A Bourdieuian Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardy, Ian; Lingard, Bob

2008-01-01

This article draws on Bourdieu's field theory and related concepts of habitus and capitals, to explore policy implementation in relation to a particular case of teacher professional development in Queensland, Australia. This implementation process is described as an effect of the interplay between what is called the policy field and the field of…

Charting Teacher Education Policy in the Republic of Ireland with Particular Reference to the Impact of Economic Recession

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Marie; Killeavy, Maureen

2012-01-01

Background: Teacher education is an area of concern both in the policy and practice domains in both international and national contexts. Internationally, there are a wide range teacher education programmes and there is also considerable diversity with reference to policy approaches that operationalise such provision. Purpose: This paper focuses on…

Error associated with a reduced order linear model of a spur gear pair

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kahraman, A.; Singh, R.

1991-01-01

The paper proposes a reduced-order analytical model of a spur gear pair which consists of two identical spur gears, two identical flexible shafts, and four identical rolling element bearings of a given radial stiffness. The error associated with the undamped eigensolution is estimated by a comparison with a benchmark finite element model.

Practices Influenced by Policy? An Exploration of Newly Hired Science Teachers at Sites in South Africa and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Navy, S. L.; Luft, J. A.; Toerien, R.; Hewson, P. W.

2018-01-01

In many parts of the world, newly hired science teachers' practices are developing in a complex policy environment. However, little is known about how newly hired science teachers' practices are enacted throughout a cycle of instruction and how these practices can be influenced by macro-, meso-, and micro-policies. Knowing how policies impact…

Science and Mathematics Education. Education Policy White Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kilpatrick, Jeremy, Ed.; Quinn, Helen, Ed.

2009-01-01

Not since the launch of the Soviet Sputnik satellite spurred the federal government to begin investing in science and mathematics education through the National Defense Education Act have these two areas of the school curriculum been so high on state and federal policy agendas. Policy makers, business leaders, educators, and the media again worry…

Middle Level Teacher Certification in South Carolina: A Case Study in Educational Policy Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virtue, David C.

2007-01-01

South Carolina made a significant step forward in middle level education reform by enacting middle level teacher certification in 2001. This qualitative case study documents the process through which the state legislation developed, with a particular focus on how middle level teacher certification arrived and remained on the public policy agenda…

Exploring the Moral and Distributive Levers for Teacher Empowerment in the Finnish Policy Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paulsen, Jan Merok; Hjertø, Kjell Brynjulf; Tihveräinen, Saku Petteri

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between school leadership practices and teacher empowerment in the Finnish policy culture. Specifically, moral leadership and distributed leadership enacted by school principals are tested in a simultaneous design as predictor to two distinct yet related aspects of teachers' sense…

Policies and Practices of Professional Development in China: What Do Early Childhood Teachers Think?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Karen Liang; Yong, Yan

2013-01-01

This paper focuses on early childhood teachers' professional development in China. It reports a study which aims to elicit twelve in-service early childhood teachers' perspectives of the values and issues of professional development policies and the learning opportunities they experienced. Two themes arising from the study are addressed, namely…

Bumpy Path into a Profession: What California's Beginning Teachers Experience. Policy Brief 14-2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koppich, Julia E.; Humphrey, Daniel C.

2014-01-01

In California as elsewhere, state policy anticipates that aspiring teachers will follow a uniform, multistep path into the profession. It assumes they will complete a preparation program and earn a preliminary credential, take a teaching job and be assigned probationary status, complete a two-year induction program (the Beginning Teacher Support…

Evaluating the Implementation of the No-Fee Teacher Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Yiran; Chang, Jindong

2013-01-01

This study used questionnaires and telephone interviews to survey the views of 245 former Southwest University no-fee preservice students on the implementation of the no-fee teacher education policy. Analysis of their feedback on questions pertaining to the in-school, graduation, and employment stages of the program found that: (1) Motivation to…

Preservice Students' and Teacher Educators' Perceptions of the Indian National Policy of Education for Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dey, Chhaya

1987-01-01

Reports a study which investigated the alleged failure of Indian teacher education institutions to further the goal of equal education opportunities for women, an official goal of the Indian National Policy of Education. Concludes that official policy has not been translated into action. Offers five recommendations to help implement the policy.…

Maximum life spur gear design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savage, M.; Mackulin, M. J.; Coe, H. H.; Coy, J. J.

1991-01-01

Optimization procedures allow one to design a spur gear reduction for maximum life and other end use criteria. A modified feasible directions search algorithm permits a wide variety of inequality constraints and exact design requirements to be met with low sensitivity to initial guess values. The optimization algorithm is described, and the models for gear life and performance are presented. The algorithm is compact and has been programmed for execution on a desk top computer. Two examples are presented to illustrate the method and its application.

Teaching Matters: How State and Local Policymakers Can Improve the Quality of Teachers and Teaching. CPRE Policy Briefs RB-48

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corcoran, Thomas B.

2007-01-01

This issue of CPRE Policy Briefs summarizes the findings on issues related to teacher quality in the chapter authored by Thomas B. Corcoran in the book, "The State of Education Policy Research." The report also draws on discussions that took place during a 2006 policy briefing on teacher labor-market issues held in Chicago and sponsored by the…

The Performance Cycle: The Association between Student Achievement and State Policies Tying Together Teacher Performance, Student Achievement, and Accountability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexander, Nicola A.; Jang, Sung Tae; Kankane, Shipi

2017-01-01

This article explores the associations between student performance and the presence of state policies that include student achievement in teacher evaluations. We examined performance among states from 2007 through 2013. Including student performance in state teacher evaluation policies is modestly associated with higher reading achievement but had…

Low Wages = Low Quality: Solving the Real Preschool Teacher Crisis. NIEER Preschool Policy Matters, Issue 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, W. Steven

Recruiting and retaining good teachers ranks as one of the most significant roadblocks to solving the preschool quality crises facing the country. Evidence points to the low wages and benefits offered to preschool teachers as the single most important factor in hiring and keeping good teachers. This policy brief examines what is known about the…

Tradeoffs in the Use of Value-Added Estimates of Teacher Effectiveness by School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baxter, Andrew David

2011-01-01

A new capacity to track the inputs and outcomes of individual students' education production function has spurred a growing number of school districts to attempt to measure the productivity of their teachers in terms of student outcomes. The use of these value-added measures of teacher effectiveness is at the center of current education reform.…

The Teacher Workforce in Australia: Supply, Demand and Data Issues. Policy Insights, Issue #2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weldon, Paul R.

2015-01-01

This paper provides a brief overview of the current teacher workforce situation in Australia. It highlights workforce trends and projected growth, and areas where the collection and analysis of additional data may assist in the targeting of effective policy. Demand for teachers is on the rise. The population of primary students is set to increase…

Closing the Classroom Door and the Achievement Gap: Teach for America Alumni Teachers' Appropriation of Arizona Language Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heineke, Amy J.; Cameron, Quanna

2013-01-01

This qualitative study explored Teach for America (TFA) alumni teachers' discourse on Arizona language policy, conducted with eight teachers in the Phoenix metropolitan area who received their professional teacher preparation from TFA, a national organization that uses alternative paths to certification to place teachers in low-income schools.…

Bilingual Intercultural Education in Indigenous Schools: An Ethnography of Teacher Interpretations of Government Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valdiviezo, Laura

2009-01-01

This paper explores how teachers' beliefs and practices create spaces for the contestation and innovation of bilingual intercultural education (BIE) policy, a policy of indigenous culture and language revitalization in Peru. Based on ethnographic research, there are two central arguments developed throughout this paper. First, the author argues…

[Percutaneous surgery for plantar fasciitis due to a calcaneal spur].

PubMed

Apóstol-González, Saúl; Herrera, Jesús

2009-01-01

Determine the efficacy of percutaneous surgical treatment for talalgia due to a calcaneal spur. This is an observational, descriptive, clinical series analyzing the outcomes of 10 patients with a diagnosis of talalgia due to plantar fasciitis with a calcaneal spur treated with percutaneous foot surgery. The end result was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain, the patients' opinion and their return to activities of daily living. Central tendency and scatter measurements were calculated. The inferential analysis was done with the non-parametric chi square (chi2) test. Most patients were females (90%) and mean age was 40.5 years. Follow-up was 12 months. One patient had bleeding of the approached area. Pain was reduced from 8 to 1.5 in the VAS. Nine patients returned to their activities. Two patients had occasional mild pain upon prolonged bipedestation. Ninety percent of results were satisfactory. Percutaneous foot surgery in talalgias caused by plantar fasciitis due to a calcaneal spur is a simple and effective method. It reduces the operative time and allows for an early return of patients to their activities of daily living.

Dynamic Analysis of Spur Gear Transmissions (DANST). PC Version 3.00 User Manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oswald, Fred B.; Lin, Hsiang Hsi; Delgado, Irebert R.

1996-01-01

DANST is a FORTRAN computer program for static and dynamic analysis of spur gear systems. The program can be used for parametric studies to predict the static transmission error, dynamic load, tooth bending stress and other properties of spur gears as they are influenced by operating speed, torque, stiffness, damping, inertia, and tooth profile. DANST performs geometric modeling and dynamic analysis for low- or high-contact-ratio spur gears. DANST can simulate gear systems with contact ratios ranging from one to three. It was designed to be easy to use and it is extensively documented in several previous reports and by comments in the source code. This report describes installing and using a new PC version of DANST, covers input data requirements and presents examples.

Armament Imbalances: Match and Mismatch in Plant-Pollinator Traits of Highly Specialized Long-Spurred Orchids

PubMed Central

Moré, Marcela; Amorim, Felipe W.; Benitez-Vieyra, Santiago; Medina, A. Martin; Sazima, Marlies; Cocucci, Andrea A.

2012-01-01

Background Some species of long-spurred orchids achieve pollination by a close association with long-tongued hawkmoths. Among them, several Habenaria species present specialized mechanisms, where pollination success depends on the attachment of pollinaria onto the heads of hawkmoths with very long proboscises. However, in the Neotropical region such moths are less abundant than their shorter-tongued relatives and are also prone to population fluctuations. Both factors may give rise to differences in pollinator-mediated selection on floral traits through time and space. Methodology/Principal Findings We characterized hawkmoth assemblages and estimated phenotypic selection gradients on orchid spur lengths in populations of three South American Habenaria species. We examined the match between hawkmoth proboscis and flower spur lengths to determine whether pollinators may act as selective agents on flower morphology. We found significant directional selection on spur length only in Habenaria gourlieana, where most pollinators had proboscises longer than the mean of orchid spur length. Conclusions/Significance Phenotypic selection is dependent on the mutual match between pollinator and flower morphologies. However, our findings indicate that pollinator-mediated selection may vary through time and space according to local variations in pollinator assemblages. PMID:22848645

An Effective Teacher for Every Student: Developing a Research Agenda to Further Policy Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strunk, Katharine O.; Marsh, Julie A.; Bruno, Paul

2017-01-01

In nearly every state across the country there has been recent legislative or judicial activity aimed at amending policies that shape the quality of the teacher labor force (e.g., Marianno, 2015). At the heart of this recent legislative and judicial action is the desire to attract and retain a high-quality teacher for every classroom. Good policy…

Linking Teacher Evaluation to Professional Development: Focusing on Improving Teaching and Learning. Research & Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goe, Laura; Biggers, Kietha; Croft, Andrew

2012-01-01

Recently, teacher evaluation has become a major focus in educational policy debates and research efforts. This increased attention to teacher evaluation has raised questions about the relationship between evaluation and student outcomes. Rivkin, Hanushek, and Kain (2005) and others have demonstrated with value-added research that there are…

Policy Actors: Doing Policy Work in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, Stephen J.; Maguire, Meg; Braun, Annette; Hoskins, Kate

2011-01-01

This paper considers the "policy work" of teacher actors in schools. It focuses on the "problem of meaning" and offers a typology of roles and positions through which teachers engage with policy and with which policies get "enacted". It argues that "policy work" is made up of a set of complex and…

Comparing the OECD's and Norway's Orientation to Equity in Their Teacher Education Policies--Teacher Autonomy under Attack?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haugen, Cecilie Ronning

2013-01-01

More and more nations are losing the ability to control their education systems. OECD is an important premise provider for educational policymaking championing a neoliberal agenda. With the aim to investigate the impact the OECD may have on national policymaking, this paper compares their recent teacher education policies with those of Norway. The…

Policy and Research in a Post-Conflict Context: Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of the Rwandan Teacher Development and Management Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rutaisire, John; Gahima, Charles

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between policy development and research evidence with specific reference to the Rwandan Teacher Development and Management Policy introduced in 2005. It aims to highlight the complexity of implementing large-scale system wide change in the specific context of a small African nation…

Evaluating Teachers in the Big Easy: How Organizational Context Shapes Policy Responses in New Orleans

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marsh, Julie A.; Bush-Mecenas, Susan; Strunk, Katharine O.; Lincove, Jane Arnold; Huguet, Alice

2017-01-01

Although multiple-measure teacher evaluation systems have gained popularity in the United States, few studies have examined their implementation or how they are shaped by organizational context. New Orleans provides a strategic case to examine the enactment of a state teacher evaluation policy in a highly decentralized setting with variation in…

Teacher Counter Stories to a Citizenship Education Mega Policy Narrative. Preparing for Citizenship in Chile

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cavieres-Fernández, Eduardo

2017-01-01

The present article focuses on the counter stories of two Chilean social studies high school teachers. Counter stories describe how teachers use their professional experience to confront those mega narratives composed of dominant educational policies that impinge upon their pedagogical practices. The mega narrative described in this study as a…

Teachers' Perceptions of Policy Influences on Science Instruction with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Elementary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaver, Annis; Cuevas, Peggy; Lee, Okhee; Avalos, Mary

2007-01-01

This study asked elementary school teachers how educational policies affected their science instruction with a majority of English language learners. The study employed a questionnaire followed by focus group interviews with 43 third and fourth grade teachers from six elementary schools in a large urban school district with high populations of…

Changing Professional Discourses in Teacher Education Policy Back Towards a Training Paradigm: A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beach, Dennis; Bagley, Carl

2013-01-01

Modern definitions of professions connect professional knowledge to scientific studies and higher education. In the present article we examine the changing nature of this relationship in initial teacher education in two European countries: Sweden and England. The article is based on policy analyses from recent decades of teacher education reforms.…

Education Reform Policy and Early Childhood Teacher Education in Hong Kong before and after the Transfer of Sovereignty to China in 1997

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuen, Gail

2008-01-01

Built on a sociocultural framework of policy analysis and Wertsch's concept of mediation, the present study examines how early childhood teacher education has changed as a result of interactions between reform policy and the action of teacher educators. Ten teacher educators participated in the study, along with eight early childhood leaders, 15…

Math and Science Teachers: Recruiting and Retaining California's Workforce. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EdSource, 2008

2008-01-01

Middle and high school math and science teachers provide the foundation for education in the growing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. They are crucial to California's efforts to remain competitive in a global economy. This policy brief looks at the shortage and challenges involved in recruiting and retaining fully prepared…

Vocational Education Teacher Training in Scotland and England: Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avis, James; Canning, Roy; Fisher, Roy; Morgan-Klein, Brenda; Simmons, Robin

2011-01-01

This article compares and contrasts the policy context of Vocational Education Teacher Training (VETT) in Scotland and England by setting this within its wider socio-economic context, one emphasising lifelong learning and competitiveness. This facilitates a comparison of the two nations and enables an analysis of VETT responses to globalisation…

Teacher Learning: New Policies, New Practices. The Series on School Reform.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaughlin, Milbrey W., Ed.; Oberman, Ida, Ed.

This collection of articles focuses on the practice and policy of staff development in terms of recent developments in teacher learning. Following an introduction by the editors, the book is divided into five parts. Part 1: New Perspectives on Practice contains three chapters: (1) "Reconceptualizing Teaching: Moving toward the Creation of…

SPURS-2: Multi-month and multi-scale observations of upper ocean salinity in a rain-dominated salinity minimum region.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rainville, L.; Farrar, J. T.; Shcherbina, A.; Centurioni, L. R.

2017-12-01

The Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study (SPURS) is a program aimed at understanding the patterns and variability of sea surface salinity. Following the first SPURS program in an evaporation-dominated region (2012-2013), the SPURS-2 program targeted wide range of spatial and temporal scales associated with processes controlling salinity in the rain-dominated Eastern Pacific Fresh Pool. Autonomous instruments were delivered in August and September 2016 using research vessels conducted observations over one complete annual cycle. The SPURS-2 field program used coordinated observations from many different autonomous platforms, and a mix of Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches. Here we discuss the motivation, implementation, and the early of SPURS-2.

The coupling between hydrodynamic and purification efficiencies of ecological porous spur-dike in field drainage ditch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao, Lei; Wang, Pei-fang; Dai, Qing-song; Wang, Chao

2018-05-01

In this study, a series of ecological porous spur-dikes are arranged in an experiment channel to simulate a real field drainage ditch. The inside and outside flow fields of spur-dikes are determined by numerical simulations and experimental methods. An Ammonia-Nitrogen (NH3-N) degradation evaluation model is built to calculate the pollution removal rate by coupling with the inner flow field of the porous spur-dikes. The variations of the total pollutant removal rate in the channel are discussed in terms of different porosities and gap distances between spur-dikes and inlet flow velocities. It is indicated that a reasonable parameter matching of the porosity and the gap distance with the flow velocity of the ditch can bring about a satisfactory purification efficiency with a small delivery quantity of ecological porous materials.

The Quality Teacher and Education Act in San Francisco: Lessons Learned. Policy Brief 09-2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hough, Heather J.

2009-01-01

This policy brief reviews the recent experience of the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) with the development and approval of Proposition A. Proposition A (also known as the Quality Teacher and Education Act, or QTEA) included a parcel tax mainly dedicated to increasing teachers' salaries, along with a variety of measures introducing…

Developing Confidence in Practical Science Activities in Novice Teachers: Policy, Practice and the Implementation Gap

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Youens, Bernadette; Gordon, Jules; Newton, Len

2014-01-01

Practical work has a long history in science education in the UK. This article explores how the influences of curriculum and assessment policy have shaped practical work over recent years. We argue that, together with changes in teacher training programmes, these influences have weakened science teachers' capacity to meet the challenge of calls…

Unpacking Teachers' Language Ideologies: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practiced Language Policies in Schools in Alsace, France

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Andrea S.

2014-01-01

In France, most teachers still receive scant training in how to support plurilingual children in their learning of and through the language of instruction. In the absence of relevant, in-depth knowledge about language, we believe that many teachers are practising language policies based on beliefs rooted in ideologies unsupported by research…

Teachers and Educational Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). International Inst. for Educational Planning.

This study sets forth the results of an inquiry made at the request of UNESCO in the 30 countries in all parts of the world by four world teachers' organizations. Three organizations represent teachers in state systems and the fourth represents Catholic education. These teacher organizations chose 35 national organizations in countries spread over…

Postcolonial Teacher Education Reform in Namibia: Travelling of Policies and Ideas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arreman, Inger Erixon; Erixon, Per-Olof; Rehn, Karl-Gunnar

2016-01-01

Long before Namibia's independence in 1990, Sweden initiated a policy dialogue with Namibia's future political leadership. This article reviews the impact of an educational reform in Namibia in the early 1990s called the Integrated Teacher Training Programme (ITTP), which was an outcome of collaboration between the South West African People's…

Lubricant and additive effects on spur gear fatigue life

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Townsend, D. P.; Zaretsky, E. V.; Scibbe, H. W.

1985-01-01

Spur gear endurance tests were conducted with six lubricants using a single lot of consumable-electrode vacuum melted (CVM) AISI 9310 spur gears. The sixth lubricant was divided into four batches each of which had a different additive content. Lubricants tested with a phosphorus-type load carrying additive showed a statistically significant improvement in life over lubricants without this type of additive. The presence of sulfur type antiwear additives in the lubricant did not appear to affect the surface fatigue life of the gears. No statistical difference in life was produced with those lubricants of different base stocks but with similar viscosity, pressure-viscosity coefficients and antiwear additives. Gears tested with a 0.1 wt % sulfur and 0.1 wt % phosphorus EP additives in the lubricant had reactive films that were 200 to 400 (0.8 to 1.6 microns) thick.

The Intersections of Selves and Policies: A Poetic Inquiry into the Hydra of Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cross, Stephanie Behm; Dunn, Alyssa Hadley; Dotson, Erica K.

2018-01-01

This article explores the intersection of selves and policies for teacher educators in an era of teacher education reform. Borne out of a promise to one another to write about our experiences navigating increasingly complex market-driven, neoliberal attacks on our work and world, we collected data across several years that documented our attempt…

Policy and Practice of Pre-Service and In-Service Teacher Training Programmes and Facilities in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oyebade, Stephen A.

2012-01-01

This paper reviewed policy provisions for "pre-service" and "in-service" teacher training programmes and facilities in Nigeria. It also presented reviews on legislations, agencies involved in teacher affairs management in Nigeria, using the historical and case study approach. Data on teaching qualifications of University of…

Tensions between Teaching Sexuality Education and Neoliberal Policy Reform in Quebec's Professional Competencies for Beginning Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Dan; McGray. Robert

2015-01-01

This research draws into question the effects that neoliberal policy reforms--with an emphasis on individual and measurable "competencies"--has on new teachers teaching sexuality education in Quebec. While we examine professional competencies that teachers can use to define their mandate for teaching sexuality education as a beginning…

The Willingness-to-Pay for Work/Family Policies: A Study of Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drago, Robert; Costanza, David; Caplan, Robert; Brubaker, Tanya; Cloud, Darnell; Harris, Naomi; Kashian, Russell; Riggs, T. Lynn

2001-01-01

A contingent valuation study of 343 elementary teachers identified circumstances in which they would be willing to provide, through payroll deductions, certain work-family policies/programs. Even those with little or no likelihood of using the programs exhibited willingness to pay for some of them. (SK)

Teacher Quality and Teacher Mobility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feng, Li; Sass, Tim R.

2017-01-01

There is growing concern among policy makers over the quality of the teacher workforce in general, and the distribution of effective teachers across schools. The impact of teacher attrition on overall teacher quality will depend on the effectiveness of teachers who leave the profession. Likewise, teacher turnover may alleviate or worsen inequities…

Insidious Colonialism in Post-Apartheid Education: Interplay of Black Teacher Narratives, Educational Policy and Textbook Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Subreenduth, Sharon

2013-01-01

This article focuses on the larger project of identifying oppressive structures (during apartheid more specifically in this instance) and how educational policy/textbooks (post-apartheid) produce transformative knowledge for decolonization. It presents Black South African teacher perceptions and desires of what/how educational policy, history…

Observations of near-surface fresh layers during SPURS-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drushka, Kyla; E Asher, William; Thompson, Elizabeth; Jessup, Andrew T.; Clark, Dan

2017-04-01

One of the primary objectives of the ongoing SPURS-2 program is to understand the fate of rainfall deposited on the sea surface. Rain produces stable near-surface fresh layers that persist for O(1-10) hours. The depth, strength, and lifetime of surface fresh layers are known to be related to the local rain and wind conditions, but available observational data are too sparse to allow definitive quantification of cause-and-effect relationships. In this paper, the formation and evolution of rain-formed fresh layers are examined using observations of near-surface salinity made during the 2016 SPURS-2 field experiment, which took place in the Intertropical Convergence Zone of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean in August-September 2016. During 2016 SPURS-2, over 30 rain events were captured with the Surface Salinity Profiler (SSP), a towed platform that measures salinity and temperature at five discrete depths in the upper meter of the ocean. Differences in salinity measured by the SSP at depths of 0.02 m and at 1 m are correlated with local meteorological conditions. The field results show that the salinity difference increases linearly with rain rate, a result that is consistent with calculations done with a one-dimensional ocean turbulence model. The field data also demonstrate that there is an inverse correlation between wind speed and the vertical salinity difference, which is also consistent with numerical models. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of satellite salinity observations and the representation of rainfall events in climate models.

"Learner-Centred" Assessment Policies in Further Education: Putting Teachers' Time under Pressure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Gillian; Colley, Helen

2015-01-01

Since incorporation of further education (FE) in England in 1992, much research has critiqued the performative pressures on FE teachers created by a managerialist audit culture. These critiques have demonstrated the detrimental effects of the technicised delivery of learning outcomes on more learner-centred pedagogies. However, FE policies now…

The pathways of high school science teachers and policy efforts to alter the pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sass, Tim

2012-03-01

There is currently much interest in improving the quality of science education in K-12 schools and encouraging more students, particularly minorities and women, to pursue careers in STEM fields. Two interrelated issues are at the forefront: the quality of science teachers and the supply of science teachers. Education research in general finds that the single most important school-based factor affecting student achievement is teacher quality. While there is little evidence that teacher credentials matter for student achievement in the lower grades, there is at least some evidence that content knowledge is an important determinant of teacher quality in middle and secondary schools. However, little is known about the pre-service preparation of high school science teachers and how the training of science teachers affects their performance in the classroom. While there are many efforts underway to increase the supply of science teachers, little is known about the supply of science teachers from different pathways and the factors that lead science teachers to leave the profession. In this presentation I discuss recent work on the supply of teachers from alternative pathways, focusing on high school science teachers. I also summarize the literature on teacher quality and attrition, emphasizing the current state of knowledge on secondary school teachers. Finally, I present current policy initiatives and discuss the likelihood of their success given current research findings.

Neither Right nor Wrong: How a Teacher Integrates Her Personal and Professional Life with Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunten, Bridget A.

2014-01-01

This article focuses on the importance of recognizing and appreciating the ways that a teacher integrates her personal and professional life with an English-only policy. Much can be learned from the ways in which she negotiates social forces and integrates them into her individual reality while making sense of the restrictive language policy.…

12. VIEW OF SWITCHES AND SPURS FROM NEAR EAST END ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. VIEW OF SWITCHES AND SPURS FROM NEAR EAST END OF CEDAR MILL CREEK TRESTLE NEAR MERLO ROAD, FACING SOUTHEAST - Oregon Electric Railway Westside Corridor, Between Watson & 185th Avenues, Beaverton, Washington County, OR

Addressing the Importance and Scale of the U.S. Teacher Shortage. UCEA Policy Brief 2018-1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castro, Andrene; Quinn, Daniel J.; Fuller, Edward; Barnes, Michael

2018-01-01

Teacher shortages pose a major challenge for state policy makers, district leaders, and school leaders. Importantly, however, the severity of the shortage differs by the particular dynamics of state- and local- teacher labor markets with some regions and states experiencing more severe shortages than others. This brief examines the elements of the…

CMS Nonpayment Policy, Quality Improvement, and Hospital-Acquired Conditions: An Integrative Review.

PubMed

Bae, Sung-Heui

This integrative review synthesized evidence on the consequences of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) nonpayment policy on quality improvement initiatives and hospital-acquired conditions. Fourteen articles were included. This review presents strong evidence that the CMS policy has spurred quality improvement initiatives; however, the relationships between the CMS policy and hospital-acquired conditions are inconclusive. In future research, a comprehensive model of implementation of the CMS nonpayment policy would help us understand the effectiveness of this policy.

Effects of extracorporal shock wave therapy on symptomatic heel spurs: a correlation between clinical outcome and radiologic changes.

PubMed

Yalcin, E; Keskin Akca, A; Selcuk, B; Kurtaran, A; Akyuz, M

2012-02-01

Plantar heel pain, a chronic and disabling foot alignment, occurs in the adult population. Extracorporal shock wave therapy (ESWT) offers a nonsurgical option in addition to stretching exercises, heel cups, NSAI, and corticosteroid injections. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ESWT on calcaneal bone spurs and the correlation between clinical outcomes and radiologic changes. The study involved 108 patients with heel pain and radiologically diagnosed heel spurs. All patients underwent ESWT once a week for 5 weeks at the clinic. Each patient received 2,000 impulses of shock waves, starting with 0.05 mJ/mm2 (1.8 bar) and increasing to 0.4 mJ/mm2 (4.0 bar). Standard radiographies of the affected heels were obtained before and after the therapy. Clinical results demonstrated excellent (no pain) in 66.7% of the cases, good (50% of pain reduced) in 15.7% of the cases, and unsatisfactory (no reduction in pain) in 17.6%. After five ESWT treatments, no patients who received shock wave applications had significant spur reductions, but 19 patients (17.6%) had a decrease in the angle of the spur, 23 patients (21.3%) had a decrease in the dimensions of the spur, and one patient had a broken spur. Therefore, results showed no correlation between clinical outcome and radiologic changes. The present study supports the finding that even with no radiologic change after ESWT therapy, the therapy produces significant effects in reducing patients' complaints about heel spurs.

The Effects of Autonomy Gap in Personnel Policy, Principal Leadership and Teachers' Self-Efficacy on Their Organizational Commitment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dou, Diya; Devos, Geert; Valcke, Martin

2016-01-01

School autonomy in personnel policy is important to effective personnel management. With increased autonomy in personnel policy, principals could wield their leadership to improve teachers' organizational commitment. However, little is known about whether the given autonomy in personnel policy meets principals' expectation and whether and how the…

Does the Model Matter? Exploring the Relationship between Different Student Achievement-Based Teacher Assessments. CEDR Working Paper. WP #2012-6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldhaber, Dan; Walch, Joe; Gabele, Brian

2012-01-01

Policymakers appear increasingly inclined to utilize measures of student achievement, often state assessment results, to inform high-stakes teacher personnel decisions. This has been spurred on by the federal government's Teacher Incentive Fund (TIF) and Race to the Top (RttT) grant programs, each of which urge states and localities to tie teacher…

Interest and Identity Convergence for Equitable Mathematics' Teaching: Reflections on the Interplay of the Institutional and Individual on Teacher Development and Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meister, Tara

2017-01-01

Propelled by Maxine Greene's (1988) continuum of freedom from normative structures to critical consciousness and action, I illuminate the institutional and individual influences on teacher development and action in mathematics teaching. I focus on the question: What barriers and openings, both individually and institutionally, spur teachers to…

Promoting Peaceful Coexistence in Conflict-Ridden Cyprus: Teachers' Difficulties and Emotions towards a New Policy Initiative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zembylas, Michalinos; Charalambous, Constadina; Charalambous, Panayiota; Kendeou, Panayiota

2011-01-01

The present paper looks at teachers' perceptions of difficulties and emotions about a recent policy initiative in the Greek-Cypriot educational system to promote peaceful coexistence. This policy initiative by the government sparked strong emotional reactions. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of the intersection between tensions at…

The Flemish Cap - Goban Spur conjugate margins: New evidence of asymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerlings, J.; Louden, K. E.; Minshull, T. A.; Nedimović, M. R.

2011-12-01

The combined results of deep multichannel seismic (MCS) and refraction/wide-angle reflection seismic (R/WAR) profiles across the Flemish Cap-Goban Spur conjugate margin pair will be presented to help constrain rifting and breakup processes. Both profiles cross magnetic anomaly 34 and extend into oceanic crust, which makes it possible to observe the complete extensional history from continental rifting through the formation of initial oceanic crust. Kirchhoff poststack time and prestack time and depth migration images of the Flemish Cap MCS data are produced using a velocity model constructed from the MCS and R/WAR data. These new images show improved continuity of the Moho under the thick continental crust of Flemish Cap. The basement morphology image is sharper and reflections observed in the thin crust of the transition zone are more coherent. A basement high at the seaward-most end of the transition zone now displays clear diapiric features. To compare the two margins, the existing migrated MCS data across Goban Spur has been time-to-depth converted using the R/WAR velocity model of the margin. These reimaged seismic profiles demonstrate asymmetries in continental rifting and breakup with a complex transition to oceanic spreading: (1) During initial phases of rifting, the Flemish Cap margin displays a sharper necking profile than that of the Goban Spur margin. (2) Within the ocean-continent-transition zone, constraints from S-wave velocities on both margins indentifies previously interpreted oceanic crust as thinned continental crust offshore Flemish Cap in contrast with primarily serpentinized mantle offshore Goban Spur. (3) Continental breakup and initial seafloor spreading occur in a complex, asymmetric manner where the initial ~50 km of oceanic crust appears different on the two margins. Offshore Flemish Cap, both R/WAR and MCS results indicate a sharp boundary immediately seaward of a ridge feature, where the basement morphology becomes typical of slow

Moving Middle Schooling Reform from Policy to Practice: Issues for Queensland Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryer, Fiona; Main, Katherine

2005-01-01

Three well-established issues for educational reform to insert middle schooling into the traditional primary-secondary tiers are (a) lack of preservice training of specialist middle school teachers, (b) the absence of clear positive educational outcomes linked to the promotion of middle schooling policy as a philosophy of teaching, and (c) the ad…

Understanding Family Engagement through the Focus of the National Standards for Family-School Partnerships: Secondary Preservice Teachers' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferrara, Margaret M.

2017-01-01

Presently, over 40 states in the U.S. have legislation in place to promote professional development in family engagement in school districts. Some of these states also have a mandate in place that preservice teachers are required to take a course in family engagement to obtain teacher licensure. This has spurred an interest in how various…

Hard and Soft Policies in Music Education: Building the Capacity of Teachers to Understand, Study, and Influence Them

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Patrick M.

2009-01-01

Music education exists within a web of policies. Those most often identified by music teachers and professional associations are the policies imposed on the profession by governmental and regulatory bodies. Advocacy efforts to change policy are mostly directed toward these bodies. However, the practice of music education is perhaps more influenced…

Measuring surface salinity in the N. Atlantic subtropical gyre. The SPURS-MIDAS cruise, spring 2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Font, Jordi; Ward, Brian; Emelianov, Mikhail; Morisset, Simon; Salvador, Joaquin; Busecke, Julius

2014-05-01

SPURS-MIDAS (March-April 2013) on board the Spanish R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa was a contribution to SPURS (Salinity Processes in the Upper ocean Regional Study) focused on the processes responsible for the formation and maintenance of the salinity maximum associated to the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Scientists from Spain, Ireland, France and US sampled the mesoscale and submesoscale structures in the surface layer (fixed points and towed undulating CTD, underway near surface TSG) and deployed operational and experimental drifters and vertical profilers, plus additional ocean and atmospheric data collection. Validation of salinity maps obtained from the SMOS satellite was one of the objectives of the cruise. The cruise included a joint workplan and coordinated sampling with the US R/V Endeavor, with contribution from SPURS teams on land in real time data and analysis exchange. We present here an overview of the different kinds of measurements made during the cruise, as well as a first comparison between SMOS-derived sea surface salinity products and salinity maps obtained from near-surface sampling in the SPURS-MIDAS area and from surface drifters released during the cruise.

17. VIEW OF SETTLING BASIN, SHOWING FLUME TRACK SPUR CROSSING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. VIEW OF SETTLING BASIN, SHOWING FLUME TRACK SPUR CROSSING OVER SETTLING BASIN, SPARE BENT MATERIAL IN RIGHT-HAND FOREGROUND, BYPASS FLUME, AND SHACK #6 IN BACKGROUND, LOOKING NORTHWEST - Electron Hydroelectric Project, Along Puyallup River, Electron, Pierce County, WA

The Impact of Performance Ratings on Job Satisfaction for Public School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koedel, Cory; Li, Jiaxi; Springer, Matthew G.; Tan, Li

2017-01-01

Spurred by the federal Race to the Top competition, the state of Tennessee implemented a comprehensive statewide educator evaluation system in 2011. The new system is designed to increase the rigor of evaluations and better differentiate teachers based on performance. The use of more differentiated ratings represents a significant shift in…

Teacher Strategies for Effective Intervention with Students Presenting Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties: Implications for Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Paul

2011-01-01

In this paper some key practice and policy implications emerging from a review of literature on effective teacher strategies for social, emotional and behavioural difficulties are set out. Particular attention is given to implications in relation to the development of teachers' skills.

Creating a Joint Partnership: Including Qallunaat Teacher Voices within Nunavik Education Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mueller, Caroline

2006-01-01

In this paper, I discuss how making Qallunaat teacher voices inclusive within the policy-making process of Inuit education in Nunavik can significantly help Inuit youth to be more successful in their education and to adapt better to modern Northern community living. The study being discussed is a year-long Participatory Action Research (PAR)…

A Survey of Attitudes towards Critical Thinking among Hong Kong Secondary School Teachers: Implications for Policy Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stapleton, Paul

2011-01-01

The term "critical thinking" (CT) is frequently found in educational policy documents in sections outlining curriculum goals. Despite this frequency, however, precise understandings among teachers of what CT really means are lacking. In this study, 72 high school teachers in Hong Kong were surveyed and interviewed on their beliefs about…

Teacher Change in an Era of Neo-Liberal Policies: A Neoinstitutional Analysis of Teachers' Perceptions of Their Professional Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramberg, Magnus Rye

2014-01-01

The aim of this article is to explore how neo-institutional theory may be applied as an analytical framework to investigate the relationships between teachers' perceptions on their professional change on the one hand, and the numerous change efforts embedded in recent neo-liberal educational policies in Norway on the other. Based on biographical…

The Role of Schools' Perceived Human Resource Policies in Teachers' Professional Development Activities: A Comparative Study of Innovations toward Competence-Based Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seezink, Audrey; Poell, Rob

2011-01-01

The change toward competence-based education has implications for teachers as well as school management. This study investigates which professional development activities teachers undertake related to this change and how these activities differ among schools with various human resource (HR) policies. Two types of HR policy were involved: (1) a…

9. VIEW OF FLOOR 2 LOOKING EAST; SHOWS GREAT SPUR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. VIEW OF FLOOR 2 LOOKING EAST; SHOWS GREAT SPUR WHEEL AND TWO STONE NUTS, AND THE CHUTES, HOPPERS, HORSES AND SHOES OF THE GRAIN FEED SYSTEM - Hook Windmill, North Main Street at Pantigo Road, East Hampton, Suffolk County, NY

5. VIEW OF THE LOCATION FOR A PROPOSED SPUR ROAD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VIEW OF THE LOCATION FOR A PROPOSED SPUR ROAD FROM KINGS CANYON ROAD TO THE PROPOSED HELICOPTER LANDING SITE #11. LOCATED AT MILEPOST 0.55, FACING NORTH 53ø EAST (53 ). - Kings Canyon Road, Carson City, Carson City, NV

CLIL Teacher Professional Development for Content Teachers in Thailand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kewara, Punwalai; Prabjandee, Denchai

2018-01-01

In Thailand, the new educational policy is mandated to encourage content teachers to integrate English in content classrooms. The policy has created tensions and misconceptions among content teachers, who must change the medium of instruction from Thai to English. This paper presents an attempt to foster teacher knowledge about the Content and…

Responding to Poverty through Education and Teacher Education Initiatives: A Critical Evaluation of Key Trends in Government Policy in England 1997-2015

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burn, Katharine; Childs, Ann

2016-01-01

This paper presents a comparative critique of key education and teacher education policies in England adopted by New Labour (1997-2010) and the Coalition government (2010-2015). It focuses on direct measures intended to alleviate the effects of poverty on young people's educational outcomes, and on teacher education policies with implications for…

Reconciling Different Estimates of Teacher Quality Gaps Based on Value Added. CEDR Policy Brief. PB #2016-9

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldhaber, Dan; Quince, Vanessa; Theobald, Roddy

2016-01-01

This policy brief reviews evidence about the extent to which disadvantaged students are taught by teachers with lower value-added estimates of performance, and seeks to reconcile differences in findings from different studies. We demonstrate that much of the inequity in teacher value added in Washington state is due to differences across different…

Educational Policy or Practice? Traversing the Conceptual Divide between Subject Knowledge, Pedagogy and Teacher Identity in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woolhouse, Clare; Cochrane, Matt

2015-01-01

This research paper is framed by concerns about recent UK Government policy regarding the training of mathematics and science teachers in England and discusses how two cohorts of pre-service teachers negotiated the development of a professional identity while undertaking subject-specific training. The data reported upon were garnered in two ways;…

New generation methods for spur, helical, and spiral-bevel gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litvin, F. L.; Tsung, W.-J.; Coy, J. J.; Handschuh, R. F.; Tsay, C.-B. P.

1986-01-01

New methods for generating spur, helical, and spiral-bevel gears are proposed. These methods provide the gears with conjugate gear tooth surfaces, localized bearing contact, and reduced sensitivity to gear misalignment. Computer programs have been developed for simulating gear meshing and bearing contact.

New generation methods for spur, helical, and spiral-bevel gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litvin, F. L.; Tsung, W.-J.; Coy, J. J.; Handschuh, R. F.; Tsay, C.-B. P.

1987-01-01

New methods for generating spur, helical, and spiral-bevel gears are proposed. These methods provide the gears with conjugate gear tooth surfaces, localized bearing contact, and reduced sensitivity to gear misalignment. Computer programs have been developed for simulating gear meshing and bearing contact.

Teachers' Dilemmatic Decision-Making: Reconciling Coexisting Policies of Increased Student Retention and Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jonasson, Charlotte; Mäkitalo, Åsa; Nielsen, Klaus

2015-01-01

In recent years, many countries within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have formulated educational policies aimed at providing better education to more students. However, this may be perceived as constituting dilemmatic spaces, where teachers must make efforts to reconcile coexisting political demands in their everyday…

The Impact of Vietnam's Globalization on National Education Policies and Teacher Training Programs for Teachers of English as an International Language: A Case Study of the University of Pedagogy in Ho Chi Minh City

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lam, Tri Ly

2011-01-01

The Problem: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Vietnam's globalization on national language education policies and teacher training programs for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Specifically, this research explored the extent to which the new policies for English language training programs adopted by the…

Drivers of epibenthic megafaunal composition in the sponge grounds of the Sackville Spur, northwest Atlantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beazley, Lindsay; Kenchington, Ellen; Yashayaev, Igor; Murillo, Francisco Javier

2015-04-01

Deep-water sponges are considered ecosystem engineers, and the presence of large aggregations of these organisms, commonly referred to as sponge grounds, is associated with enhanced biodiversity and abundance of epibenthic fauna compared to non-sponge habitat. However, the degree and magnitude to which the presence of these sponge grounds elicits large changes in composition of the associated megafaunal community remains unknown. Here we identify the external drivers of epibenthic megafaunal community composition and explore the patterns and magnitude of compositional change in the megafaunal community within the sponge grounds of the Sackville Spur, northwest Atlantic. Epibenthic megafauna were quantified from five image transects collected on the Sackville Spur in 2009 between 1080 and 1723 m depth. Using Gradient Forest Modelling we found that the abundance of structure-forming sponges was the most important variable for predicting compositional patterns in the Sackville Spur megafaunal community, followed by depth, range in bottom current speed, in situ salinity, and longitude. Along the gradient in structure-forming sponge abundance, the largest turnover in megafaunal community composition occurred when the sponges reached 15 individuals m-2. Examination of the regional hydrographic conditions suggests that the dense sponge grounds of the Sackville Spur are associated with a warm, salty water mass that occurs between ~1300 and 1800 m.

75 FR 72964 - Determinations of Attainment by the Applicable Attainment Date for the Hayden, Nogales, Paul Spur...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [R09-OAR-2010-0718; FRL-9233-1] Determinations of Attainment by the Applicable Attainment Date for the Hayden, Nogales, Paul Spur/Douglas PM10 Nonattainment... November 2, 2010 (75 FR 67220), direct final rule determining that the Hayden, Nogales, and Paul Spur...

Teacher Pay and Career Paths in an Opportunity Culture: A Practical Policy Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hassel, Emily Ayscue; Holly, Christen; Locke, Gillian

2014-01-01

To help all students reach their potential, district leaders must ensure that every student has consistent access to excellent teaching. Opportunity Culture compensation and career path structures help make that possible, and this guide shows how. "Teacher Pay and Career Paths in an Opportunity Culture: A Practical Policy Guide" shows…

Measuring Teacher Quality: Continuing the Search for Policy-Relevant Predictors of Student Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knoeppel, Robert C.; Logan, Joyce P.; Keiser, Clare M.

2005-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential viability of the variable certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) as a policy-relevant predictor of student achievement. Because research has identified the teacher as the most important school-related predictor of student achievement, more research…

Teams versus Bureaucracies: Personnel Policy, Wage-Setting, and Teacher Quality in Traditional Public, Charter, and Private Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Podgursky, Michael

2006-01-01

This paper examines reasons why personnel policy and wage setting differ between traditional public, private, and charter schools and the effects of these policies on academic measures of teacher quality. Survey and administrative data suggest that the regulatory freedom, small size of wage-setting units, and a competitive market environment make…

Troubling Methods-Centric "Teacher Production": Social Foundations in Dance Education Teacher Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Risner, Doug; Barr, Sherrie

2015-01-01

Preparing dance specialist teachers to successfully educate an increasingly diverse student population highlights a number of challenges within an educational policy landscape characterized by technical production, methods-centric teacher preparation, teacher-proof curriculum, and standardization. The ramifications of these policies have…

Teacher Self-Efficacy and the Civic Knowledge of Secondary Social Studies Teachers in a Large Urban School District: A Policy Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holt, Dennis

2009-01-01

This policy study contributed to an understanding of the types of professional growth activities that improve teacher self-confidence to teach challenging subjects and helped determine the future allocation of resources relative to teaching secondary social studies in Hillsborough County Public Schools (HCPS), the eighth largest school district in…

Teachers Working Together to Resist and Remake Educational Policy in Contexts of Standardization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pease-Alvarez, Lucinda; Thompson, Alisun

2014-01-01

Recently, those examining the role teachers of language minority students play in the language policy-making process have found that their autonomy has been threatened by increasing standardization as reflected in rigid one-size fits all curricular mandates focused on the learning of discrete skills in the national language, enforced high-stakes…

Mandated Literacy Assessment and the Reorganisation of Teachers' Work: Federal Policy, Local Effects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comber, Barbara

2012-01-01

This paper explores how mandated literacy assessment is reorganising teachers' work in the context of Australia's National Assessment Program--Literacy and Numeracy, which was implemented in 2008. Students in Years 3, 5, 7 and 9 are tested annually, with school results publicly available. The wider policy context and the emergence of different…

Accountability Policies and Teachers' Acceptance and Usage of School Performance Feedback--A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maier, Uwe

2010-01-01

This paper implemented a comparative approach to investigate the relationships between test-based school accountability policies in 2 German states and teachers' acceptance and usage of feedback information. Thuringia implemented mandatory tests for secondary schools based on competency modeling and performance data controlled for socioeconomic…

Surface fatigue life of CBN and vitreous ground carburized and hardened AISI 9310 spur gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Townsend, Dennis P.; Patel, P. R.

1988-01-01

Spur gear surface endurance tests were conducted to investigate CBN ground AISI 9310 spur gears for use in aircraft applications, to determine their endurance characteristics and to compare the results with the endurance of standard vitreous ground AISI 9310 spur gears. Tests were conducted with VIM-VAR AISI 9310 carburized and hardened gears that were finish ground with either CBN or vitreous grinding methods. Test conditions were an inlet oil temeprature of 320 K (116 F), an outlet oil temperature of 350 K (170 F), a maximum Hertz stress of 1.71 GPa (248 ksi), and a speed of 10,000 rpm. The CBN ground gears exhibited a surface fatigue life that was slightly better than the vitreous ground gears. The subsurface residual stress of the CBN ground gears was approximately the same as that for the standard vitreous ground gears for the CBN grinding method used.

Assessment of general education teachers' Tier 1 classroom practices: contemporary science, practice, and policy.

PubMed

Reddy, Linda A; Fabiano, Gregory A; Jimerson, Shane R

2013-12-01

Progress monitoring is a type of formative assessment. Most work on progress monitoring in elementary school settings has been focused on students. However, teachers also can benefit from frequent evaluations. Research addressing teacher progress monitoring is critically important given the recent national focus on teacher evaluation and effectiveness. This special topic section of School Psychology Quarterly is the first to showcase the current research on measuring Tier 1 instructional and behavioral management practices used by prekindergarten and elementary school teachers in general education settings. The three studies included in the special section describe the development and validation efforts of several teacher observational and self-report measures of instruction and/or behavioral management. These studies provide evidence for the utility of such assessments for documenting the use of classroom practices, and these assessment results may be leveraged in innovative coaching models to promote best practice. These articles also offer insight and ideas for the next generation of teacher practice assessment for the field. Finally, the special topic is capped by a commentary synthesizing the current work and offers "big ideas" for future measurement development, policy, and professional development initiatives. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

Supporting High School Teachers' College and Career Readiness Efforts: Bridging California's Vision with Local Implementation Needs. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Jodi; Nodine, Thad; Venezia, Andrea

2016-01-01

This brief shares the perspectives and concerns of high school teachers in two districts regarding implementing the Common Core State Standards, specifically as the Common Core pertains to preparing more students for college and well-paying careers. The brief also makes state policy recommendations for ways to support teachers in their efforts to…

Effect of five lubricants on life of AISI 9310 spur gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Townsend, D. P.; Zaretsky, E. V.

1985-01-01

Spur-gear surface fatigue tests were conducted with five lubricants using a single lot of consumable-electrode vacuum melted (CVM) AISI 9310 spur gears. The lot of gears was divided into five groups, each of which was tested with a different lubricant. The test lubricants are classified as either a synthetic hydrocarbon, mineral oil, or ester-based lubricant. All five lubricants have imilar viscosity and pressure-viscosity coefficients. A pentaerythritol base stock without sufficient antiwear additives produced a surface fatigue life pproximately 22 percent that of the same base stock with chlorine and phosphorus type additives. The presence of sulfur type antiwear additives in the lubricant did not appear to affect the surface fatigue life of the gears tested. No statistical difference in the 10-percent surface fatigue life was produced with four of the five lubricants.

State Teacher Salary Schedules. Policy Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffith, Michael

2016-01-01

In the United States most teacher compensation issues are decided at the school district level. However, a group of states have chosen to play a role in teacher pay decisions by instituting statewide teacher salary schedules. Education Commission of the States has found that 17 states currently make use of teacher salary schedules. This education…

The Value of Reliable Data: Interactive Data Tools from the National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality. Policy-to-Practice Brief. Number 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, 2008

2008-01-01

The National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality (TQ Center) designed the Interactive Data Tools to provide users with access to state and national data that can be helpful in assessing the qualifications of teachers in the states and the extent to which a state's teacher policy climate generally supports teacher quality. The Interactive Data…

Technology-Supported Involvement of Entire Faculties in Examination of Student Data for Instructional Improvement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wayman, Jeffrey C.; Stringfield, Sam

2006-01-01

Student data are gaining increased attention in education, spurred by accountability policies such as those contained in the federal No Child Left Behind legislation. Student data are useful for informing classroom practice, and user-friendly technologies for organizing and accessing data are enabling access by all teachers. In this study, we…

West 73rd Street pedestrian underpass, with spur of old Miller ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

West 73rd Street pedestrian underpass, with spur of old Miller Highway, Trump Place towers in background, looking south. - Henry Hudson Parkway, Extending 11.2 miles from West 72nd Street to Bronx-Westchester border, New York County, NY

The development and production of thermo-mechanically forged tool steel spur gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bamberger, E. N.

1973-01-01

A development program to establish the feasibility and applicability of high energy rate forging procedures to tool steel spur gears was performed. Included in the study were relatively standard forging procedures as well as a thermo-mechanical process termed ausforming. The subject gear configuration utilized was essentially a standard spur gear having 28 teeth, a pitch diameter of 3.5 inches and a diametral pitch of 8. Initially it had been planned to use a high contact ratio gear design, however, a comprehensive evaluation indicated that severe forging problems would be encountered as a result of the extremely small teeth required by this type of design. The forging studies were successful in achieving gear blanks having integrally formed teeth using both standard and thermo-mechanical forging procedures.

Phenotype profiling and multivariate statistical analysis of Spur-pruning type Grapevine in National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR, Davis)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Most Korean vineyards employed spur-pruning type modified-T trellis system. This produce system is suitable to spur-pruning type cultivars. But most European table grape is not adaptable to this produce system because their fruitfulness is sufficient to cane-pruning type system. Total 20 of fruit ch...

The Influences of an Exemplary Ballet Teacher on Students' Motivation: "The Finnish Way"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chua, Joey

2017-01-01

This ethnographic case story aims to illuminate the instructional practices and decisions of an exemplary ballet teacher, Minna Stenvall at the Finnish National Opera Ballet School. Minna is considered to be exemplary in her field because she received the Best Ballet Pedagogue Award in 2014. Spurred on by the literature on the significant role…

Policy Subjects and Policy Actors in Schools: Some Necessary but Insufficient Analyses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ball, Stephen J.; Maguire, Meg; Braun, Annette; Hoskins, Kate

2011-01-01

This paper explores two different ontological positions from which policy in schools and teachers can be viewed. On the one hand, it explores the ways in which policies make up and make possible particular sorts of teacher subjects--as producers and consumers of policy, as readers and writers of policy. On the other, it begins to conceptualise the…

ICT and Initial Teacher Education: National Policies. OECD Education Working Papers, Number 61

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rizza, Caroline

2011-01-01

This working paper aims to give an overview of the national policies that exist in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) and initial teacher education. Information on this topic was initially gathered via a survey, in the form of a country questionnaire, which was conducted as part of the analytical strand of the the…

How Education Policy Is Made Meaningful--A Narrative Exploration of How Teachers Show Autonomy in the Development of Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barman, Linda; Josephsson, Staffan; Silén, Charlotte; Bolander-Laksov, Klara

2016-01-01

This study addresses how the autonomy of teachers in higher education, in relation to education policy and reform, can be understood. By taking a narrative-in-action approach, we studied health profession teachers' activities and reasoning within their ongoing practice during one year. The findings show how the teachers created their own policies…

Trade Is Everybody's Business [and] Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aaronson, Susan A.

Trade has been an important factor in United States from the 17th century to the present day. The United States was born out of a trade dispute with Great Britain. From the moment the founders first set pen to paper, trade has helped spur U.S. economic growth. This booklet covers trade topics such as policy, perspectives, difference in nations…

Innovation Zones: Creating Policy Flexibility for Personalized Learning. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patrick, Susan; Gentz, Susan

2016-01-01

There is a new state education policy concept termed either innovation zones or districts of innovation. State education agencies interested in shifting their role from enforcing compliance to one of supporting innovation and building capacity in districts are working to spur new innovative instructional models and create space for…

Improving Special Education Outcomes through Policy, Teacher Practice, and Student Support: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolford, Barbara

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this grounded theory qualitative study was to discover the perceptions of special education directors regarding the changes in special education at the policy level, teacher practice level, and student support level necessary to improve the academic achievement of students with disabilities in California. Methodology: The…

35. SOUTH PLANT NORTHCENTER RAILROAD SPUR, SHOWING POWER PLANT (BUILDINGS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. SOUTH PLANT NORTH-CENTER RAILROAD SPUR, SHOWING POWER PLANT (BUILDINGS 325 AND 321) AT LEFT, FUEL TOWER AT CENTER AND CHLORINE EVAPORATOR (BUILDING 251) AT RIGHT. VIEW TO WEST - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Bounded by Ninety-sixth Avenue & Fifty-sixth Avenue, Buckley Road, Quebec Street & Colorado Highway 2, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Telephoto lens view of Silver Spur in the Hadley Delta region from Apollo 15

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

A telephoto lens view of the prominent feature called Silver Spur in the Hadley Delta region, photographed during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The distance from the camera to the spur is about 10 miles. The field of view across the bottom is about one mile. Structural formations in the mountain are clearly visible. There are two major units. The upper unit is characterized by massive subunits, each one of which is approximately 200 feet deep. The lower major unit is characterized by thinner bedding and cross bedding.

Teacher Pay and Career Paths in an Opportunity Culture: A Practical Policy Guide--Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hassel, Emily Ayscue; Holly, Christen; Locke, Gillian

2014-01-01

To help all students reach their potential, district leaders must ensure that every student has consistent access to excellent teaching. Opportunity Culture compensation and career path structures help make that possible, and this guide shows how. "Teacher Pay and Career Paths in an Opportunity Culture: A Practical Policy Guide" shows…

The Dilemmas of the "Efficiency University" Policy and the Everyday Life of University Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jauhiainen, Arto; Jauhiainen, Annukka; Laiho, Anne

2009-01-01

Global, neo-liberalistic social and education policy has changed the working conditions and the working culture in universities. Enrolments have grown and the demands for efficiency have increased. This article analyses the manifestation of these changes in the everyday life of university teachers, particularly in their teaching. The data used for…

Bridging the Implementation Gap: A Teacher-as-Learner Approach to Teaching and Learning Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvey, Arlene; Kamvounias, Patty

2008-01-01

A major dilemma facing higher educational institutions around the world is how to achieve quality outcomes for students in an increasingly internationalised and competitive environment. To effect change in teaching and learning, we advocate a teacher-as-learner approach to the implementation of teaching and learning policy. Our approach has been…

Teachers' Career Ladder Policy in Ethiopia: An Opportunity for Professional Growth or ''a Stick Disguised as a Carrot?''

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tekleselassie, Abebayehu A.

2005-01-01

In response to the ever-declining status of the teaching profession, and its adverse effects on the country's educational system, the Federal Ministry of Education in Ethiopia introduced a policy of the teachers' career ladder in 1994. While reformers believe that the introduction of the policy has improved the condition of the teaching…

Learner Autonomy in Foreign Language Policies in Vietnamese Universities: An Exploration of Teacher Agency from a Sociocultural Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phan, T. T. Huyen; Hamid, M. Obaidul

2017-01-01

Learner autonomy (LA) is generally accepted as an important goal, either explicit or implicit, in language education policies across polities. Fostering LA in educational settings primarily depends on the role of teachers in enacting macro-level policies at the micro level. While various top-down and bottom-up frameworks for language policy…

Suzaku and XMM-Newton observations of the North Polar Spur: Charge exchange or ISM absorption?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Liyi; Mao, Junjie; Costantini, Elisa; Kaastra, Jelle

2016-10-01

By revisiting the Suzaku and XMM-Newton data of the North Polar Spur, we discovered that the spectra are inconsistent with the traditional model consisting of pure thermal emission and neutral absorption. The most prominent discrepancies are the enhanced O vii and Ne ix forbidden-to-resonance ratios, and a high O viii Lyβ line relative to other Lyman series. A collisionally ionized absorption model can naturally explain both features, while a charge exchange component can only account for the former. By including the additional ionized absorption, the plasma in the North Polar Spur can be described by a single-phase collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) component with a temperature of 0.25 keV, and nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, and iron abundances of 0.4-0.8 solar. The abundance pattern of the North Polar Spur is well in line with those of the Galactic halo stars. The high nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio reported in previous studies can be migrated to the large transmission of the O viii Lyα line. The ionized absorber is characterized by a balance temperature of 0.17-0.20 keV and a column density of 3-5 × 1019 cm-2. Based on the derived abundances and absorption, we speculate that the North Polar Spur is a structure in the Galactic halo, so that the emission is mostly absorbed by the Galactic interstellar medium in the line of sight.

The Way We See It: A Survey of Teacher Evaluation Policies and Practices Operant in the State of Washington.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buck, James J., Comp.; Parsley, James F., Jr., Comp.

This paper assesses teacher evaluation policies and practices operant in First Class School Districts in the state of Washington. The data, submitted from mailed questionnaires, deal with a district's assessment policy and specifically include concerns relating to evaluative personnel, procedures, and an evaluative instrument or model.…

The Teacher "Problem": An Analysis of the NSW Education Policy "Great Teaching, Inspired Learning"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stacey, Meghan

2017-01-01

This paper seeks to understand the construction of teachers within one New South Wales education policy, querying this construction in relation to both local and international processes and factors. As such, it also looks to contribute to a growing body of international literature which grapples with the role and nature of neoliberal policy…

Venture Philanthropy and Teacher Education Policy in the U.S: The Role of the New Schools Venture Fund

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeichner, Kenneth; Peña-Sandoval, César

2015-01-01

Background & Purpose: This article focuses on the growing role of venture philanthropy in shaping policy and practice in teacher education in the United States. Our goal is to bring a greater level of transparency to private influences on public policy and to promote greater discussion and debate in the public arena about alternative solutions…

Insertion of a solo LTR retrotransposon associates with spur mutations in 'Red Delicious' apple (Malus × domestica).

PubMed

Han, Mengxue; Sun, Qibao; Zhou, Junyong; Qiu, Huarong; Guo, Jing; Lu, Lijuan; Mu, Wenlei; Sun, Jun

2017-09-01

Insertion of a solo LTR, which possesses strong bidirectional, stem-specific promoter activities, is associated with the evolution of a dwarfing apple spur mutation. Spur mutations in apple scions revolutionized global apple production. Since long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are tightly related to natural mutations, inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism technique and genome walking were used to find sequences in the apple genome based on these LTRs. In 'Red Delicious' spur mutants, a novel, 2190-bp insertion was identified as a spur-specific, solo LTR (sLTR) located at the 1038th nucleotide of another sLTR, which was 1536 bp in length. This insertion-within-an-insertion was localized within a preexisting Gypsy-50 retrotransposon at position 3,762,767 on chromosome 4. The analysis of transcriptional activity of the two sLTRs (the 2190- and 1536-bp inserts) indicated that the 2190-bp sLTR is a promoter, capable of bidirectional transcription. GUS expression in the 2190-bp-sense and 2190-bp-antisense transgenic lines was prominent in stems. In contrast, no promoter activity from either the sense or the antisense strand of the 1536-bp sLTR was detected. From ~150 kb of DNA on each side of the 2190 bp, sLTR insertion site, corresponding to 300 kb of the 'Golden Delicious' genome, 23 genes were predicted. Ten genes had predicted functions that could affect shoot development. This first report, of a sLTR insertion associated with the evolution of apple spur mutation, will facilitate apple breeding, cloning of spur-related genes, and discovery of mechanisms behind dwarf habit.

A multi-purpose method for analysis of spur gear tooth loading

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kasuba, R.; Evans, J. W.; August, R.; Frater, J. L.

1981-01-01

A large digitized approach was developed for the static and dynamic load analysis of spur gearing. An iterative procedure was used to calculate directly the "variable-variable" gear mesh stiffness as a function of transmitted load, gear tooth profile errors, gear tooth deflections and gear hub torsional deformation, and position of contacting profile points. The developed approach can be used to analyze the loads, Hertz stresses, and PV for the normal and high contrast ratio gearing, presently the modeling is limited to the condition that for a given gear all teeth have identical spacing and profiles (with or without surface imperfections). Certain types of simulated sinusoidal profile errors and pitting can cause interruptions of the gear mesh stiffness function and, thus, increase the dynamic loads in spur gearing. In addition, a finite element stress and mesh subprogram was developed for future introduction into the main program for calculating the gear tooth bending stresses under dynamic loads.

Added Bonus? The Relationship between California School Districts' Specialized Teacher Staffing Needs and the Use of Economic Incentive Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strunk, Katharine O.; Zeehandelaar, Dara B.

2015-01-01

In this paper, we explore the use and efficacy of fiscal incentive policies in California school districts. We ask whether districts with high need for teachers with English as a second language (ESL) or special education credentials are more likely to implement incentives targeting these teachers. We find mixed evidence that districts align their…

Telephoto lens view of Silver Spur in the Hadley Delta region from Apollo 15

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-07-31

AS15-84-11250 (31 July-2 Aug. 1971) --- A telephoto lens view of the prominent feature called Silver Spur in the Hadley Delta region, photographed during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The distance from the camera to the spur is about 10 miles. The field of view across the bottom is about one mile. Structural formations in the mountain are clearly visible. There are two major units. The upper unit is characterized by massive subunits, each one of which is approximately 200 feet deep. The lower major unit is characterized by thinner bedding and cross bedding.

Inclusive Education Policy: What the Leadership of Canadian Teacher Associations Has to Say about It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, S. Anthony; Lyons, Wanda; Timmons, Vianne

2015-01-01

In inclusive education research, rarely are teacher associations a topic of investigation despite their critical role in its implementation and efficacy. A study was conducted as part of the Canadian Disability Policy Alliance using a "learning collaborative" methodology that explored the extent to which Canadian provincial/territorial…

Policy to Practice: TAFE Teachers' Unofficial Code of Professional Conduct--Insights from Western Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Tess

2012-01-01

Although there has been substantial research and reform in Vocational Education and Training (VET) over the past 30 years, it is argued that this has ostensibly had limited effectiveness on practices in TAFE colleges. Many policy changes during this period have not resulted in the requisite changed practices by TAFE teachers. This paper reports on…

Policy Concerns Relating to Teacher Recruitment and Deployment in Malawi. Education Sector Planning Policy Discussion Papers. Teacher Education Policy Position Papers. Paper # 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sedere, Upali M.

2005-01-01

This paper outlines the issues relating to teacher education and teacher supply in Malawi. Malawi has a severe shortage of teachers. Over the years, particularly since EFA the student numbers has gone up yet the teacher supply has not followed the increased student numbers. This paper outlines the broader picture as a basis for further…

Teacher Quality. Education Policy White Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Suzanne, Ed.

2009-01-01

Good teaching matters. There is persuasive evidence that students benefit from high quality instruction and that these benefits are cumulative for students who have good teachers for several years. Teacher effectiveness matters so much that low-income students lucky enough to have three very good teachers in a row in elementary school earn test…

Modernizing Schools in Mexico: The Rise of Teacher Assessment and School-Based Management Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Echávarri, Jaime; Peraza, Cecilia

2017-01-01

In this paper we analyze the evolution of the teacher assessment policy and the origins of school-based management initiatives in the Mexican education context from the late 1980s until the last 2012-2013 Education Reform (RE2012-2013). Mexico joined the Global Education Reform Movement during the 1990s through the National Agreement for the…

Measuring Teachers' Contributions to Student Learning Growth for Nontested Grades and Subjects. Research & Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goe, Laura; Holdheide, Lynn

2011-01-01

The growing need for more information about measuring teachers' contributions to student learning growth, particularly in nontested subjects and grades, is the impetus for this Research & Policy Brief. Although the research base in this area is disappointingly limited, the brief includes considerations and suggestions based on current models…

Investing in Development: Six High-Performing, High-Poverty Schools Implement the Massachusetts Teacher Evaluation Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinhorn, Stefanie K.; Johnson, Susan Moore; Simon, Nicole S.

2017-01-01

We studied how six high-performing, high-poverty schools in one large Massachusetts city implemented the state's new teacher evaluation policy. The sample includes traditional, turnaround, restart, and charter schools, each of which had received the state's highest accountability rating. We sought to learn how these successful schools approached…

Teachers' Perceptions of Their Working Conditions: How Predictive of Policy-Relevant Outcomes? Working Paper 33

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ladd, Helen F.

2009-01-01

This quantitative study uses data from North Carolina to examine the extent to which survey based perceptions of working conditions are predictive of policy-relevant outcomes, independent of other school characteristics such as the demographic mix of the school's students. Working conditions emerge as highly predictive of teachers' stated…

The Place of Technology Integration in Saudi Pre-Service Teacher Education: Matching Policy with Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Zahrani, Abdulrahman

2015-01-01

The current study aims at understanding the place of technology integration in Saudi pre-service teacher education curriculum. To achieve this, a sequential qualitative approach was implemented in two main stages. First, national and curriculum policies were thematically analysed. Based on this, semi- structured interviews with three key…

Out-of-Field Teaching: A Cross-National Study on Teacher Labor Market and Teacher Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhou, Yisu

2012-01-01

In the past two decades, the issue of out-of-field teaching (OFT) has concerned policy makers and researchers alike who see raising teachers' subject matter knowledge as the main policy lever to improve teacher quality. The study of OFT has emerged as one of the important subfields of teacher quality and teacher labour market research.…

Spur, helical, and spiral bevel transmission life modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savage, Michael; Rubadeux, Kelly L.; Coe, Harold H.; Coy, John J.

1994-01-01

A computer program, TLIFE, which estimates the life, dynamic capacity, and reliability of aircraft transmissions, is presented. The program enables comparisons of transmission service life at the design stage for optimization. A variety of transmissions may be analyzed including: spur, helical, and spiral bevel reductions as well as series combinations of these reductions. The basic spur and helical reductions include: single mesh, compound, and parallel path plus revert star and planetary gear trains. A variety of straddle and overhung bearing configurations on the gear shafts are possible as is the use of a ring gear for the output. The spiral bevel reductions include single and dual input drives with arbitrary shaft angles. The program is written in FORTRAN 77 and has been executed both in the personal computer DOS environment and on UNIX workstations. The analysis may be performed in either the SI metric or the English inch system of units. The reliability and life analysis is based on the two-parameter Weibull distribution lives of the component gears and bearings. The program output file describes the overall transmission and each constituent transmission, its components, and their locations, capacities, and loads. Primary output is the dynamic capacity and 90-percent reliability and mean lives of the unit transmissions and the overall system which can be used to estimate service overhaul frequency requirements. Two examples are presented to illustrate the information available for single element and series transmissions.

111. DETAIL OF NORTH PLANT RAILROAD SPUR, WITH ASSEMBLY PLANT/WAREHOUSE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

111. DETAIL OF NORTH PLANT RAILROAD SPUR, WITH ASSEMBLY PLANT/WAREHOUSE (BUILDING 1601/1606/1701) AT LEFT AND GB MANUFACTURING PLANT (BUILDING 1501) AT CENTER. VIEW TO NORTH. - Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Bounded by Ninety-sixth Avenue & Fifty-sixth Avenue, Buckley Road, Quebec Street & Colorado Highway 2, Commerce City, Adams County, CO

Formation of Spiral-Arm Spurs and Bound Clouds in Vertically Stratified Galactic Gas Disks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Woong-Tae; Ostriker, Eve C.

2006-07-01

We investigate the growth of spiral-arm substructure in vertically stratified, self-gravitating, galactic gas disks, using local numerical MHD simulations. Our new models extend our previous two-dimensional studies, which showed that a magnetized spiral shock in a thin disk can undergo magneto-Jeans instability (MJI), resulting in regularly spaced interarm spur structures and massive gravitationally bound fragments. Similar spur (or ``feather'') features have recently been seen in high-resolution observations of several galaxies. Here we consider two sets of numerical models: two-dimensional simulations that use a ``thick-disk'' gravitational kernel, and three-dimensional simulations with explicit vertical stratification. Both models adopt an isothermal equation of state with cs=7 km s-1. When disks are sufficiently magnetized and self-gravitating, the result in both sorts of models is the growth of spiral-arm substructure similar to that in our previous razor-thin models. Reduced self-gravity due to nonzero disk thickness increases the spur spacing to ~10 times the Jeans length at the arm peak. Bound clouds that form from spur fragmentation have masses ~(1-3)×107 Msolar each, similar to the largest observed GMCs. The mass-to-flux ratios and specific angular momenta of the bound condensations are lower than large-scale galactic values, as is true for observed GMCs. We find that unmagnetized or weakly magnetized two-dimensional models are unstable to the ``wiggle instability'' previously identified by Wada & Koda. However, our fully three-dimensional models do not show this effect. Nonsteady motions and strong vertical shear prevent coherent vortical structures from forming, evidently suppressing the wiggle instability. We also find no clear traces of Parker instability in the nonlinear spiral arm substructures that emerge, although conceivably Parker modes may help seed the MJI at early stages since azimuthal wavelengths are similar.

Test Facility Simulation Results for Aerospace Loss-of-Lubrication of Spur Gears

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handschuh, Robert F.; Gargano, Lucas J.

2014-01-01

Prior to receiving airworthiness certification, extensive testing is required during the development of rotary wing aircraft drive systems. Many of these tests are conducted to demonstrate the drive system's ability to operate at extreme conditions, beyond that called for in the normal to maximum power operating range. One of the most extreme tests is referred to as the loss-of-lubrication or run dry test. During this test, the drive system is expected to last at least 30 min without failure while the primary lubrication system is disabled for predetermined, scripted flight conditions. Failure of this test can lead to a partial redesign of the drive system or the addition of an emergency lubrication system. Either of these solutions can greatly increase the aircraft drive system cost and weight and extend the schedule for obtaining airworthiness certification. Recent work at NASA Glenn Research Center focused on performing tests, in a relevant aerospace environment, to simulate the behavior of spur gears under loss-of-lubrication conditions. Tests were conducted using a test facility that was used in the past for spur gear contact fatigue testing. A loss-oflubrication test is initiated by shutting off the single into mesh lubricating jet. The test proceeds until the gears fail and can no longer deliver the applied torque. The observed failures are typically plastically deformed gear teeth, due to the high tooth temperatures, that are no longer in mesh. The effect of several different variables to gear tooth condition during loss-of-lubrication have been tested such as gear pitch, materials, shrouding, lubrication condition, and emergency supplied mist lubrication in earlier testing at NASA. Recent testing has focused on newer aerospace gear steels and imbedding thermocouples in the shrouding to measure the air-oil temperatures flung off the gear teeth. Along with the instrumented shrouding, an instrumented spur gear was also tested. The instrumented spur gear had

Profession, "Performance", and Policy: Teachers, Examinations, and the State in England and Wales, 1846-1862

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knudsen, Andrew T.

2016-01-01

When historians discuss the impact of examinations on elementary education in mid-Victorian England and Wales they typically focus on the Revised Code of 1862. The Revised Code is famous for instituting a policy of "payment-by-results" for teachers in state-supported voluntary schools. "Payment-by-results" made government…

Teacher labor markets in developed countries.

PubMed

Ladd, Helen F

2007-01-01

Helen Ladd takes a comparative look at policies that the world's industrialized countries are using to assure a supply of high-quality teachers. Her survey puts U.S. educational policies and practices into international perspective. Ladd begins by examining teacher salaries-an obvious, but costly, policy tool. She finds, perhaps surprisingly, that students in countries with high teacher salaries do not in general perform better on international tests than those in countries with lower salaries. Ladd does find, however, that the share of underqualified teachers in a country is closely related to salary. In high-salary countries like Germany, Japan, and Korea, for example, only 4 percent of teachers are underqualified, as against more than 10 percent in the United States, where teacher salaries, Ladd notes, are low relative to those in other industrialized countries. Teacher shortages also appear to stem from policies that make salaries uniform across academic subject areas and across geographic regions. Shortages are especially common in math and science, in large cities, and in rural areas. Among the policy strategies proposed to deal with such shortages is to pay teachers different salaries according to their subject area. Many countries are also experimenting with financial incentive packages, including bonuses and loans, for teachers in specific subjects or geographic areas. Ladd notes that many developed countries are trying to attract teachers by providing alternative routes into teaching, often through special programs in traditional teacher training institutions and through adult education or distance learning programs. To reduce attrition among new teachers, many developed countries have also been using formal induction or mentoring programs as a way to improve new teachers' chances of success. Ladd highlights the need to look beyond a single policy, such as higher salaries, in favor of broad packages that address teacher preparation and certification

3. ONE OF SIX SPUR GEARS AND CABLE SPOOLS INSTALLED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. ONE OF SIX SPUR GEARS AND CABLE SPOOLS INSTALLED IN THE UPPER FALLS GATE HOUSE. THE SHIFTING LEVER IS VISIBLE IN FOREGROUND, AS IS THE 3X3 1/16 SHAFT, LOOKING EAST, NORTHEAST. - Washington Water Power Spokane River Upper Falls Hydroelectric Development, Gates & Gate-Lifting Mechanisms, Spokane River, approximately 0.5 mile northeast of intersection of Spokane Falls Boulevard & Post Street, Spokane, Spokane County, WA

A Closer Look at Teacher-Principal Pairings and Teacher Mobility: Testing a Model of Teacher-School Fit

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vagi, Robert

2017-01-01

Teacher mobility is a policy issue that affects students and school across the country. Despite a long-standing body of research related to teacher mobility, relatively little is known about how teacher-school pairings affect teachers' decisions to stay at or leave their schools. Therefore, this study tested a model of teacher-school fit with a…

Space-Spurred Metallized Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Spurred R&D toward improved vacuum metallizing techniques led to an extensive line of commercial products, from insulated outdoor garments to packaging for foods, from wall coverings to window shades, from life rafts to candy wrappings, reflective blankets to photographic reflectors. Metallized Products, Inc. (MPI) was one of the companies that worked with NASA in development of the original space materials. MPI markets its own metallized products and supplies materials to other manufacturers. One of the most widely used MPI products is TXG laminate. An example is a reflective kite, the S.O.S. Signal Kite that can be flown as high as 200 feet to enhance radar and visual detectability. It offers a boon to campers, hikers, mountain climbers and boaters. It is produced by Solar Reflections, Inc. The company also markets a solar reflective hat. Another example is by Pro-Tektion, Inc. to provide protection for expensive musical equipment that have sensitive electronic components subject to damage from the heat of stage lights, dust, or rain at outdoor concerts. MP supplied the material and acceptance of the covers by the sound industry has been excellent.

Experimental study on skin irritation of bone spur powder on rabbit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Xuhui; Hao, Shaojun; Shen, Huiling; Wang, Huamin; Ji, Xianghui; Zhang, Zhengchen; Huang, Youling

2018-04-01

To observe the effect of bone powder of rabbit skin, provide the basis for the safety of clinical use of bone powder, 24 rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups, complete skin test and damaged skin test each divided into 3 groups (n=4), high, low, 3 doses tested daily administered 1 times, continuous administration for 7 days, in 24 hours after the last administration of drug residues, wash with warm water, the removal of L hours after drug for 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and seventh days, observed and recorded to apply position before administration and administration during the skin no erythema and edema, and observe the smear Parts of any pigmentation, bleeding, rough skin or thin skin etc., record the occurrence time and duration time. Through comparative observation, intact skin group before administration and dosing period, there were no erythema and edema, pigmentation, bleeding, rough skin or thin skin etc., there is no difference with the control group; the damaged skin group after administration of 1 to 5 days, each rabbit skin there are different degrees of erythema and edema, especially to skin injury after 24-48 hours is obvious, 2 days (48 hours) after 4 days gradually reduced, significantly subsided after 6 days, erythema and edema phenomenon subsided completely, not out of blood, pigmentation, rough skin or thin skin and so on. The bone spur powder has no irritation on the intact skin of rabbits. The bone spur powder has moderate irritation on the damaged skin of rabbits, but after 48 hours, the stimulation reaction subsided spontaneously, which is caused by the inflammatory reaction caused by skin injury, rather than the medication. The bone spur powder is safe for clinical use.

Rationalising "for" and "against" a Policy of School-Led Careers Guidance in STEM in the U.K.: A Teacher Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watermeyer, Richard; Morton, Pat; Collins, Jill

2016-01-01

This paper reports on teacher attitudes to changes in the provision of careers guidance in the U.K., particularly as it relates to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It draws on survey data of n = 94 secondary-school teachers operating in STEM domains and their attitudes towards a U.K. and devolved policy of internalising…

Procedure for Tooth Contact Analysis of a Face Gear Meshing With a Spur Gear Using Finite Element Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bibel, George; Lewicki, David G. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A procedure was developed to perform tooth contact analysis between a face gear meshing with a spur pinion using finite element analysis. The face gear surface points from a previous analysis were used to create a connected tooth solid model without gaps or overlaps. The face gear surface points were used to create a five tooth face gear Patran model (with rim) using Patran PCL commands. These commands were saved in a series of session files suitable for Patran input. A four tooth spur gear that meshes with the face gear was designed and constructed with Patran PCL commands. These commands were also saved in a session files suitable for Patran input. The orientation of the spur gear required for meshing with the face gear was determined. The required rotations and translations are described and built into the session file for the spur gear. The Abaqus commands for three-dimensional meshing were determined and verified for a simplified model containing one spur tooth and one face gear tooth. The boundary conditions, loads, and weak spring constraints were determined to make the simplified model work. The load steps and load increments to establish contact and obtain a realistic load was determined for the simplified two tooth model. Contact patterns give some insight into required mesh density. Building the two gears in two different local coordinate systems and rotating the local coordinate systems was verified as an easy way to roll the gearset through mesh. Due to limitation of swap space, disk space and time constraints of the summer period, the larger model was not completed.

Melorheostosis of the hand with complicating bony spur formation and bursal inflammation: diagnosis and treatment.

PubMed

Ameen, S; Nagy, L; Gerich, U; Anderson, S E

2002-08-01

A 37-year old woman presented with intolerable pain associated with a slowly growing mass on the dorsum of the right hand. The radiographs were characteristic of melorheostosis involving the third and fourth metacarpals, with a cortical bony projection extending from the base of the third metacarpal eroding slightly into the fourth metacarpal, associated with bursal formation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an inflamed bursal collection adjacent to the spur. This region corresponded to the patient's severe clinical, focal pain. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in which melorheostosis of the hand has been associated with bony spur formation and complicated by an inflamed bursa.

Influence of Teachers' Personal Health Behaviors on Operationalizing Obesity Prevention Policy in Head Start Preschools: A Project of the Children's Healthy Living Program (CHL).

PubMed

Esquivel, Monica Kazlausky; Nigg, Claudio R; Fialkowski, Marie K; Braun, Kathryn L; Li, Fenfang; Novotny, Rachel

2016-05-01

To quantify the Head Start (HS) teacher mediating and moderating influence on the effect of a wellness policy intervention. Intervention trial within a larger randomized community trial. HS preschools in Hawaii. Twenty-three HS classrooms located within 2 previously randomized communities. Seven-month multi-component intervention with policy changes to food served and service style, initiatives for employee wellness, classroom activities for preschoolers promoting physical activity (PA) and healthy eating, and training and technical assistance. The Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) classroom scores and teacher questionnaires assessing on knowledge, beliefs, priorities, and misconceptions around child nutrition and changes in personal health behaviors and status were the main outcome measures. Paired t tests and linear regression analysis tested the intervention effects on the classroom and mediating and moderating effects of the teacher variables on the classroom environment. General linear model test showed greater intervention effect on the EPAO score where teachers reported higher than average improvements in their own health status and behaviors (estimate [SE] = -2.47 (0.78), P < .05). Strategies to improve teacher health status and behaviors included in a multi-component policy intervention aimed at child obesity prevention may produce a greater effect on classroom environments. Copyright © 2016 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Partitioning of 13C-photosynthate from Spur Leaves during Fruit Growth of Three Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) Cultivars Differing in Maturation Date

PubMed Central

ZHANG, CAIXI; TANABE, KENJI; TAMURA, FUMIO; ITAI, AKIHIRO; WANG, SHIPING

2005-01-01

• Background and Aims In fruit crops, fruit size at harvest is an important aspect of quality. With Japanese pears (Pyrus pyrifolia), later maturing cultivars usually have larger fruits than earlier maturing cultivars. It is considered that the supply of photosynthate during fruit development is a critical determinant of size. To assess the interaction of assimilate supply and early/late maturity of cultivars and its effect on final fruit size, the pattern of carbon assimilate partitioning from spur leaves (source) to fruit and other organs (sinks) during fruit growth was investigated using three genotypes differing in maturation date. • Methods Partitioning of photosynthate from spur leaves during fruit growth was investigated by exposure of spurs to 13CO2 and measurement of the change in 13C abundance in dry matter with time. Leaf number and leaf area per spur, fresh fruit weight, cell number and cell size of the mesocarp were measured and used to model the development of the spur leaf and fruit. • Key Results Compared with the earlier-maturing cultivars ‘Shinsui’ and ‘Kousui’, the larger-fruited, later-maturing cultivar ‘Shinsetsu’ had a greater total leaf area per spur, greater source strength (source weight × source specific activity), with more 13C assimilated per spur and allocated to fruit, smaller loss of 13C in respiration and export over the season, and longer duration of cell division and enlargement. Histology shows that cultivar differences in final fruit size were mainly attributable to the number of cells in the mesocarp. • Conclusions Assimilate availability during the period of cell division was crucial for early fruit growth and closely correlated with final fruit size. Early fruit growth of the earlier-maturing cultivars, but not the later-maturing ones, was severely restrained by assimilate supply rather than by sink limitation. PMID:15655106

Teacher Incentive Pay and Educational Outcomes: Evidence from the NYC Bonus Program. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 10-07

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Sarena; Turner, Lesley

2010-01-01

Teacher compensation schemes are often criticized for lacking a performance-based component. Proponents of merit pay argue that linking teacher salaries to student achievement will incentivize teachers to focus on raising student achievement and stimulate innovation across the school system as a whole. In this paper, we utilize a policy experiment…

Medium of Instruction Policies and Language Practices, Ideologies and Institutional Divides: Voices of Teachers and Students in a Private University in Bangladesh

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamid, M. Obaidul; Jahan, Iffat; Islam, M. Monjurul

2013-01-01

The use of English as a medium of instruction (MOI) in polities across the world has drawn attention of language policy and planning scholars and researchers. Increasingly, research on MOI policy and practice focuses on how macro-level policies are translated into action by "actors" including teachers and students in the micro-context.…

Spurring Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLester, Susan

2005-01-01

For many teachers and students, it was ThinkQuest that gave them their first experiences with the Internet. A collaborative competition, created by Advanced Network & Services (now managed by the Oracle Education Foundation), ThinkQuest asked students to form teams and create Web sites that were designed to help other students learn something. In…

9. "SANTA FE RAILWAY SPUR TO OPERATIONAL AREA, DIRECTORATE OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. "SANTA FE RAILWAY SPUR TO OPERATIONAL AREA, DIRECTORATE OF MISSILE CAPTIVE TEST, EDWARDS AFB"; Photo no. "11,381 57; G-AFFTC 18 SEPT 57". Test Area 1-115. Photo shows engine no. 712 pulling one car. The superstructure of Test Stand 1-4 is prominent in the background. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Leuhman Ridge near Highways 58 & 395, Boron, Kern County, CA

Thermal Behavior of Aerospace Spur Gears in Normal and Loss-of-Lubrication Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handschuh, Robert F.

2015-01-01

Testing of instrumented spur gears operating at aerospace rotorcraft conditions was conducted. The instrumented gears were operated in a normal and in a loss-of-lubrication environment. Thermocouples were utilized to measure the temperature at various locations on the test gears and a test utilized a full-field, high-speed infrared thermal imaging system. Data from thermocouples was recorded during all testing at 1 hertz. One test had the gears shrouded and a second test was run without the shrouds to permit the infrared thermal imaging system to take data during loss-of-lubrication operation. Both tests using instrumented spur gears were run in normal and loss-of-lubrication conditions. Also the result from four other loss-of-lubrication tests will be presented. In these tests two different torque levels were used while operating at the same rotational speed (10000 revolutions per minute).

Thermal Behavior of Aerospace Spur Gears in Normal and Loss-of-Lubrication Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Handschuh, Robert F.

2015-01-01

Testing of instrumented spur gears operating at aerospace rotorcraft conditions was conducted. The instrumented gears were operated in a normal and in a loss-of-lubrication environment. Thermocouples were utilized to measure the temperature at various locations on the test gears and a test utilized a full-field, high-speed infrared thermal imaging system. Data from thermocouples was recorded during all testing at 1 Hz. One test had the gears shrouded and a second test was run without the shrouds to permit the infrared thermal imaging system to take date during loss-of-lubrication operation. Both tests using instrumented spur gears were run in normal and loss-of-lubrication conditions. Also the result from four other loss-of-lubrication tests will be presented. In these tests two different torque levels were used while operating at the same rotational speed (10000 rpm).

Implementation of an Education Technology Policy in Namibia's High Schools: Through the Eyes of the Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boer, Perien Joniell

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to explore how Namibian high school teachers experienced the ICT policy for education in their schools. This mixed methods sequential explanatory design consists of two distinct phases: quantitative followed by qualitative (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011). Quantitative data collection involved the distribution and…

An Elusive Policy Imperative: Data and Methodological Challenges When Using Growth in Student Achievement to Evaluate Teacher Education Programs' "Value-Added"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey; Lawton, Kerry; Ronan, Katherine

2017-01-01

In this study researchers examined the effectiveness of one of the largest teacher education programs located within the largest research-intensive universities within the US. They did this using a value-added model as per current federal educational policy imperatives to assess the measurable effects of teacher education programs on their teacher…

Teacher as Researcher, Teacher as Scholar, and Teacher as Leader

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Michael; Taylor, Monica; Barone, Amanda; Della Pesca, Leslie; Durgana, Sona; Ostrowski, Kelly; Piccirillo, Tonianne; Pikaard, Kelly

2017-01-01

Too often, because of the static nature of schools and the dominant existence of high-stakes testing, professional learning for teachers is determined by administrators or policy and is facilitated by those who are not part of the school community using prepackaged programs. These initiatives run counter to authentic teacher inquiry where teachers…

Developing and Rewarding Excellent Teachers: The Scottish Chartered Teacher Scheme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ingvarson, Lawrence

2009-01-01

The Scottish Chartered Teacher Scheme was designed to recognise and reward teachers who attained high standards of practice. The scheme emerged in 2001 as part of an agreement between government, local employing authorities and teacher organisations. Policies such as the chartered teacher scheme aim to benefit students in two main ways: by…

Teacher Identity Construction in Different Contexts of Teacher Education in Brazil.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diniz-Pereira, Julio Emilio

Considering current public policies for teacher education, recent educational reforms, and the renewed discussion of the teacher's role within contemporaneous approaches in the field of education, it is essential to discuss how teacher identity is gradually constructed in teacher education programs. This paper discusses processes of teacher…

Strategic Involuntary Teacher Transfers and Teacher Performance: Examining Equity and Efficiency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grissom, Jason A.; Loeb, Susanna; Nakashima, Nathaniel A.

2014-01-01

Despite claims that school districts need flexibility in teacher assignment to allocate teachers more equitably across schools and improve district performance, the power to involuntarily transfer teachers across schools remains hotly contested. Little research has examined involuntary teacher transfer policies or their effects on schools,…

Help Wanted: An Analysis of the Teacher Pipeline in Metro Milwaukee. The Third Report in the Metro Milwaukee Educator Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeado, Joe

2016-01-01

Last August, a "New York Times" headline proclaimed "Teacher Shortages Spur a Nationwide Hiring Scramble." The article detailed how school districts across the country "have gone from handing out pink slips to scrambling to hire teachers…a result of the layoffs of the recession years combined with an improving economy in…

Dynamic Forces in Spur Gears - Measurement, Prediction, and Code Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oswald, Fred B.; Townsend, Dennis P.; Rebbechi, Brian; Lin, Hsiang Hsi

1996-01-01

Measured and computed values for dynamic loads in spur gears were compared to validate a new version of the NASA gear dynamics code DANST-PC. Strain gage data from six gear sets with different tooth profiles were processed to determine the dynamic forces acting between the gear teeth. Results demonstrate that the analysis code successfully simulates the dynamic behavior of the gears. Differences between analysis and experiment were less than 10 percent under most conditions.

Teacher Supervision and Evaluation Policies in Selected Alberta School Jurisdictions, 1983-1986; A Summary of Research, Opinion and Recent Experience Relative to Implementation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Townsend, David

This monograph focuses on the implementation process that has been a concern of school jurisdictions since the teacher evaluation policy became mandatory in Alberta, Canada, in 1985. Research has shown that school systems are adept at developing written policy but much less successful at putting that policy into effective operation. This overview…

Teacher Turnover, Teacher Quality, and Student Achievement in DCPS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adnot, Melinda; Dee, Thomas; Katz, Veronica; Wyckoff, James

2017-01-01

In practice, teacher turnover appears to have negative effects on school quality as measured by student performance. However, some simulations suggest that turnover can instead have large positive effects under a policy regime in which low-performing teachers can be accurately identified and replaced with more effective teachers. This study…

Israeli Ministry of Education's District Managers' and Superintendents' Role as Educational Leaders--Implementing the New Policy for Teachers' Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avidov-Ungar, Orit; Reingold, Roni

2018-01-01

In Israel, the Ministry of Education determines all aspects of educational policy, including teachers' initial teacher education, licensing and professional development. As part of the New Horizon educational reform, the Ministry announced in 2010 a new plan for the professional development of teachers in Israel. The Ministry assigned a mediating…

Teacher Evaluation as a Policy Target for Improved Student Learning: A Fifty-State Review of Statute and Regulatory Action since NCLB

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazi, Helen M.; Rucinski, Daisy Arredondo

2009-01-01

This paper reports on the analysis of state statutes and department of education regulations in fifty states for changes in teacher evaluation in use since the passage of No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. We asked what the policy activity for teacher evaluation is in state statutes and department of education regulations, how these changes in…

Scavenging and recombination kinetics in a radiation spur: The successive ordered scavenging events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Samra, Eyad H.; Green, Nicholas J. B.

2018-03-01

This study describes stochastic models to investigate the successive ordered scavenging events in a spur of four radicals, a model system based on a radiation spur. Three simulation models have been developed to obtain the probabilities of the ordered scavenging events: (i) a Monte Carlo random flight (RF) model, (ii) hybrid simulations in which the reaction rate coefficient is used to generate scavenging times for the radicals and (iii) the independent reaction times (IRT) method. The results of these simulations are found to be in agreement with one another. In addition, a detailed master equation treatment is also presented, and used to extract simulated rate coefficients of the ordered scavenging reactions from the RF simulations. These rate coefficients are transient, the rate coefficients obtained for subsequent reactions are effectively equal, and in reasonable agreement with the simple correction for competition effects that has recently been proposed.

The Emergence of High-Stakes Accountability Policies in Teacher Preparation: An Examination of the U.S. Department of Education's Proposed Regulations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tatto, Maria Teresa; Savage, Corey; Liao, Wei; Marshall, Stefanie L.; Goldblatt, Paul; Contreras, Leonardo Medel

2016-01-01

Using a sociological framework this article explores the emergence and possible consequences of the 2015 U.S. Department of Education's proposed federal regulatory policy on teacher education programs and alternative route providers. After describing the key features of the policy, we examine the research literature looking for evidence of the…

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-04

The top bow deck of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research vessel Knorr is seen on Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. Knorr is scheduled to depart on Sept. 6 to take part in the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS). The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-04

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution workers load scientific instruments onboard the Institution's research vessel Knorr on Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. Knorr is scheduled to depart on Sept. 6 to take part in the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS). The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-04

The bow of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research vessel Knorr is seen from the bridge on Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. Knorr is scheduled to depart on Sept. 6 to take part in the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS). The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-04

Scientific instruments are seen on the stern of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research vessel Knorr on Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. Knorr is scheduled to depart on Sept. 6 to take part in the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS). The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-09-04

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's research vessel Knorr is seen docked on Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. Knorr is scheduled to depart on Sept. 6 to take part in the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS). The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS)

NASA Image and Video Library