13 CFR 120.1704 - Pool Loans eligible for Pooling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., construction or renovation of an aquarium, zoo, golf course, or swimming pool; or (iv) To a business covered by... zoos—712130 (“Zoos and Botanical Gardens”). (b) SBA review of a Pool Loan prior to pool formation. SBA...

13 CFR 120.1704 - Pool Loans eligible for Pooling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., construction or renovation of an aquarium, zoo, golf course, or swimming pool; or (iv) To a business covered by... zoos—712130 (“Zoos and Botanical Gardens”). (b) SBA review of a Pool Loan prior to pool formation. SBA...

13 CFR 120.1704 - Pool Loans eligible for Pooling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., construction or renovation of an aquarium, zoo, golf course, or swimming pool; or (iv) To a business covered by... zoos—712130 (“Zoos and Botanical Gardens”). (b) SBA review of a Pool Loan prior to pool formation. SBA...

The International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Florida, February 28 & March 1, 2013). Volume 2013, Issue 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell, William Benedict, III, Ed.

2013-01-01

The "ISSS Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. The following papers are included in the 2013 proceedings: (1) Teaching About Asia in a Social Science Education Program (Cyndi Mottola Poole and Joshua L. Kenna); (2) Teaching Students about…

Sample pooling for real-time PCR detection and virulence determination of the footrot pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus.

PubMed

Frosth, Sara; König, Ulrika; Nyman, Ann-Kristin; Aspán, Anna

2017-09-01

Dichelobacter nodosus is the principal cause of ovine footrot and strain virulence is an important factor in disease severity. Therefore, detection and virulence determination of D. nodosus is important for proper diagnosis of the disease. Today this is possible by real-time PCR analysis. Analysis of large numbers of samples is costly and laborious; therefore, pooling of individual samples is common in surveillance programs. However, pooling can reduce the sensitivity of the method. The aim of this study was to develop a pooling method for real-time PCR analysis that would allow sensitive detection and simultaneous virulence determination of D. nodosus. A total of 225 sheep from 17 flocks were sampled using ESwabs within the Swedish Footrot Control Program in 2014. Samples were first analysed individually and then in pools of five by real-time PCR assays targeting the 16S rRNA and aprV2/B2 genes of D. nodosus. Each pool consisted of four negative and one positive D. nodosus samples with varying amounts of the bacterium. In the individual analysis, 61 (27.1%) samples were positive in the 16S rRNA and the aprV2/B2 PCR assays and 164 (72.9%) samples were negative. All samples positive in the aprV2/B2 PCR-assay were of aprB2 variant. The pooled analysis showed that all 41 pools were also positive for D. nodosus 16S rRNA and the aprB2 variant. The diagnostic sensitivity for pooled and individual samples was therefore similar. Our method includes concentration of the bacteria before DNA-extraction. This may account for the maintenance of diagnostic sensitivity. Diagnostic sensitivity in the real-time PCR assays of the pooled samples were comparable to the sensitivity obtained for individually analysed samples. Even sub-clinical infections were able to be detected in the pooled PCR samples which is important for control of the disease. This method may therefore be implemented in footrot control programs where it can replace analysis of individual samples.

Associations between testicular hormones at adolescence and attendance at chlorinated swimming pools during childhood

PubMed Central

Nickmilder, M; Bernard, A

2011-01-01

The goal was to evaluate the associations between testicular hormones at adolescence and the exposure to chlorination by-products when attending chlorinated swimming pools. We obtained serum samples from 361 school male adolescents (aged 14–18 years) who had visited swimming pools disinfected with chlorine or by copper–silver ionization. We analysed serum concentrations of inhibin B (two different assays), total and free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). There were strong inverse associations between serum levels of inhibin B (both assays) or of total testosterone, adjusted or unadjusted for gonadotropins and the time adolescents had spent in indoor chlorinated pools, especially during their childhood. Adolescents having attended indoor chlorinated pools for more than 250 h before the age of 10 years or for more than 125 h before the age of 7 years were about three times more likely to have an abnormally low serum inhibin B and/or total testosterone (<10th percentile) than their peers who never visited this type of pool during their childhood (odds ratio, 95% CI, 2.83, 1.06–7.52, p = 0.04 and 3.67, 1.45–9.34, p = 0.006, respectively). Such associations were not seen with free testosterone, LH, FSH and DHEAS or with the attendance of outdoor chlorinated pools or of the copper–silver pool. Swimming in indoor chlorinated pools during childhood is strongly associated with lower levels of serum inhibin B and total testosterone. The absorption of reprotoxic chlorination by-products across the highly permeable scrotum might explain these associations. PMID:21631527

Differences in Mouse and Human Non-Memory B Cell Pools1

PubMed Central

Benitez, Abigail; Weldon, Abby J.; Tatosyan, Lynnette; Velkuru, Vani; Lee, Steve; Milford, Terry-Ann; Francis, Olivia L.; Hsu, Sheri; Nazeri, Kavoos; Casiano, Carlos M.; Schneider, Rebekah; Gonzalez, Jennifer; Su, Rui-Jun; Baez, Ineavely; Colburn, Keith; Moldovan, Ioana; Payne, Kimberly J.

2014-01-01

Identifying cross-species similarities and differences in immune development and function is critical for maximizing the translational potential of animal models. Co-expression of CD21 and CD24 distinguishes transitional and mature B cell subsets in mice. Here, we validate these markers for identifying analogous subsets in humans and use them to compare the non-memory B cell pools in mice and humans, across tissues, during fetal/neonatal and adult life. Among human CD19+IgM+ B cells, the CD21/CD24 schema identifies distinct populations that correspond to T1 (transitional 1), T2 (transitional 2), FM (follicular mature), and MZ (marginal zone) subsets identified in mice. Markers specific to human B cell development validate the identity of MZ cells and the maturation status of human CD21/CD24 non-memory B cell subsets. A comparison of the non-memory B cell pools in bone marrow (BM), blood, and spleen in mice and humans shows that transitional B cells comprise a much smaller fraction in adult humans than mice. T1 cells are a major contributor to the non-memory B cell pool in mouse BM where their frequency is more than twice that in humans. Conversely, in spleen the T1:T2 ratio shows that T2 cells are proportionally ∼8 fold higher in humans than mouse. Despite the relatively small contribution of transitional B cells to the human non-memory pool, the number of naïve FM cells produced per transitional B cell is 3-6 fold higher across tissues than in mouse. These data suggest differing dynamics or mechanisms produce the non-memory B cell compartments in mice and humans. PMID:24719464

Effect of Holder pasteurization on macronutrients and immunoglobulin profile of pooled donor human milk.

PubMed

Adhisivam, B; Vishnu Bhat, B; Rao, Krishna; Kingsley, S M; Plakkal, Nishad; Palanivel, C

2018-03-27

The objective of this study was to study the effect of Holder pasteurization on macronutrients and immunoglobulin profile of pooled donor human milk. This descriptive study was conducted in a Human Milk Bank of a tertiary care teaching institute in south India. Thirty random paired pooled donor human milk samples (before and after pasteurization) were analyzed for macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) using infrared spectroscopy. Similarly, immunoglobulin profile (IgA and IgG) before and after pasteurization was quantified using ELISA. The mean values of protein, fat, and carbohydrates in pooled donor milk pre-pasteurization were 1.6, 3.6, and 6.1 g/dl compared with post-pasteurization values 1.4, 2.7, and 5.9 g/dl, respectively. Pasteurization reduced protein, fat, and energy content of pooled donor milk by 12.5%, 25%, and 16%, respectively. However, carbohydrates were not significantly reduced. Pasteurization decreased IgA by 30% and IgG by 60%. Holder pasteurization of pooled donor human milk decreases protein, fat, and energy content and also reduces the levels of IgA and IgG.

Parvovirus B19V DNA contamination in Chinese plasma and plasma derivatives

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background To ensure the safety of plasma derivatives, screening for human parvovirus B19V genomic DNA in donated plasma using a pooling strategy is performed in some countries. We investigated the prevalence of B19V DNA and anti-B19V antibodies in Chinese plasma pools, plasma derivatives and plasma donations to evaluate the risk posed by B19V. Methods Using a Q-PCR assay developed in-house, we tested for B19V genomic DNA in 142 plasma pools collected between January 2009 and June 2011 from two Chinese blood products manufacturers. Plasma derivatives collected between 1993–1995 (10 batches of albumin, 155 batches of intravenous immunoglobulin, IVIG) and 2009–2011 (50 batches of albumin, 54 batches of IVIG, 35 batches of factor VIII, 7 batches of fibrinogen, and 17 batches of prothrombin complex concentrate, PCC) were also tested for B19V contamination. In addition, B19V genome prevalence in minipools(including 90 individual donations) of 49680 individual plasma samples collected between August 2011 and March 2012 by a single Chinese manufacturer was investigated. IgM/IgG was also investigated in plasma pools/derivatives and in minipools with B19V-DNA titers above 1x104 and 1x106 geq/mL using B19 ELISA IgM/IgG assay(Virion-Serion, Würzburg, Germany), respectively. Results B19V-DNA was detected in 54.2% of plasma pools from two Chinese blood product manufacturers; among recently produced blood products, B19V was detected in 21/54 IVIG samples, 19/35 factor VIII samples, 6/7 fibrinogen samples, and 12/17 PCC samples, but not in albumin samples. The levels of B19V-DNA in these samples varied from 102-107 geq/mL. In samples with >104 geq/mL genome DNA, B19V-specific IgG was also found in all corresponding plasma pools and IVIG, whereas none was detected in the majority of other plasma derivatives. Screening of plasma donations indicated that most minipools were contaminated with B19V-DNA (102-108 geq/mL) and one donation had 1.09 × 1010 geq/mL B19V genomic DNA along with a non-classical IgG/IgM profile. Conclusions Despite the implementation of some inactivation/removal methods designed to prevent viral contamination, B19V DNA was detectable in Chinese plasma pools and plasma derivatives. Thus, the introduction of B19V screening and discard donation with high viramic concentration for Chinese plasma donors would be desirable. PMID:22978673

17 CFR 200.20b - Director of Division of Investment Management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-1 et seq.) and pooled investment funds or... registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and pooled investment funds or accounts in connection... Investment Management. 200.20b Section 200.20b Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE...

The effects of an intervention to increase liberal arts mathematics and science majors' knowledge of and attitudinal favorability toward the teaching profession

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klemballa, Carolyn

In light of the persistent shortage of qualified mathematics and science teachers and the new teacher qualification provisions of the recently passed No Child Left Behind Act, This study tested the impact of an educational intervention designed to enhance interest in public school teaching careers among undergraduate students who were declared/intended majors in mathematics and/or natural science. Besides salary, research reveals content fear as the biggest roadblock to attracting mathematics and science teachers. Because of this, liberal arts majors in mathematics and science are a target pool of individuals to recruit into teaching. The researcher hypothesized that knowledge and attitudinal favorability would both increase after an intervention about teaching careers and that an increase in one variable would be associated with the other. Also, knowledge and attitudinal favorability would have a greater increase after a more intensive intervention than a less intensive intervention or no intervention. The researcher also hypothesized that if undergraduates were less decided in their career, lower classmen, and female, their attitudes toward the teaching profession would increase the most. One hundred eighty-nine college students, 73 males and 116 females, including 85 freshmen, 67 sophomores, 18 juniors and 19 seniors, at University A and University B were randomly assigned to a workshop, reading, or control group. The workshop group attended a workshop about the teaching profession. The reading group read articles with the same information presented in the workshop. The control group read unrelated articles. The findings from this study indicate that an intervention about teaching does significantly increase both knowledge and attitudinal favorability toward teaching (p < .01). A low significant correlation was found between knowledge and attitudinal favorability (p < .05). Findings also suggested that a more intensive intervention yields a higher increase in both knowledge and attitudinal favorability than a less intensive intervention (p < .01). Lastly, the level of career indecision, undergraduate class, and gender did not have a significant relationship with attitudinal favorability towards teaching. Based on these findings, the researcher made recommendations for future research and policy, in particular urging more communication between schools of education and liberal arts.

Study on the immunological safety of universal plasma in the Chinese population in vitro.

PubMed

Chen, Guanyi; Zhu, Liguo; Wang, Shufang; Zhuang, Yuan; Yu, Yang; Wang, Deqing

2017-04-01

The prepared procedure for universal plasma in the Chinese population has been developed. However, the immunological safety with the level of antibodies, soluble immune complexes and complements is necessary to investigate. The universal plasma was pooled at the optimal ratio of A:B:AB=6:2.5:1.5 at 22°C for 1 hour. The titer of IgM antibodies was detected by saline agglutination, and the titer of IgG antibodies was detected by a Polybrene test after IgM destroyed by 2-mereaptoethanol. The hemolysis extent of RBC was investigated by an extracorporal hemolysis test, and the concentration of free-hemoglobin was determined by the ortho-tolidine method. The levels of CIC-C1q, C3b and TCC (C5-9) were tested using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titer of IgM and IgG in universal plasma was lower than 2 and 4, respectively. The hemolysis of the universal plasma with A, B and AB group RBCs was negative with values of 5.5, 6.8 and 5.7, respectively. The level of CIC-C1q and TCC (C5-9) in universal plasma was comparable to that in A or B type pooled plasma, but CIC-C1q was lower than that and TCC (C5-9) was higher than that in AB type pooled plasma. The level of complement C3b was comparable to that in A type pooled plasma, but lower than that in B type pooled plasma and higher than that in AB type pooled plasma. The results of this study demonstrated that the immunological levels were within an acceptable range and confirmed the safety in vitro. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The impact of traditional fire management on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in a montane forest, southern Ethiopia

Treesearch

Dong-Gill Kim; Habitamu Taddese; Abrham Belay; Randy Kolka

2016-01-01

We conducted studies to assess the impact of traditional fire management on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen pools. We compared organic carbon and total nitrogen pools in forest floor and mineral soil (0–100-cm depth) in three areas burned by local communities (B) with adjacent unburned areas (UB) (three paired sites; 1, 5 and 9 years since fire; hereafter B1-UB...

10 CFR Appendix P to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Pool Heaters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...-1994. The expression of fuel consumption for oil-fired pool heaters shall be in Btu. 4.2Average annual fossil fuel energy for pool heaters. The average annual fuel energy for pool heater, EF, is defined as... of pool operating hours=4464 h QIN=rated fuel energy input as defined according to 2.9.1 or 2.9.2 of...

A method of measuring a molten metal liquid pool volume

DOEpatents

Garcia, G.V.; Carlson, N.M., Donaldson, A.D.

1990-12-12

A method of measuring a molten metal liquid pool volume and in particular molten titanium liquid pools, including the steps of (a) generating an ultrasonic wave at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, (b) shining a light on the surface of a molten metal liquid pool, (c) detecting a change in the frequency of light, (d) detecting an ultrasonic wave echo at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, and (e) computing the volume of the molten metal liquid. 3 figs.

Method of measuring a liquid pool volume

DOEpatents

Garcia, G.V.; Carlson, N.M.; Donaldson, A.D.

1991-03-19

A method of measuring a molten metal liquid pool volume and in particular molten titanium liquid pools is disclosed, including the steps of (a) generating an ultrasonic wave at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, (b) shining a light on the surface of a molten metal liquid pool, (c) detecting a change in the frequency of light, (d) detecting an ultrasonic wave echo at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, and (e) computing the volume of the molten metal liquid. 3 figures.

Method of measuring a liquid pool volume

DOEpatents

Garcia, Gabe V.; Carlson, Nancy M.; Donaldson, Alan D.

1991-01-01

A method of measuring a molten metal liquid pool volume and in particular molten titanium liquid pools, including the steps of (a) generating an ultrasonic wave at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, (b) shining a light on the surface of a molten metal liquid pool, (c) detecting a change in the frequency of light, (d) detecting an ultrasonic wave echo at the surface of the molten metal liquid pool, and (e) computing the volume of the molten metal liquid.

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples on the thermal... simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes. The thermal... three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal protection system...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... thermal response of the plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples... exposed to the simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes...) A minimum of three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... thermal response of the plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples... exposed to the simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes...) A minimum of three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples on the thermal... simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes. The thermal... three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal protection system...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 179 - Procedures for Simulated Pool and Torch-Fire Testing

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... plate. (3) Before exposure to the pool-fire simulation, none of the thermocouples on the thermal... simulated pool fire. (5) A pool-fire simulation test must run for a minimum of 100 minutes. The thermal... three consecutive successful simulation fire tests must be performed for each thermal protection system...

Stand out in the scientific job market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuchner, Marc J.

2016-04-01

Alaine Levine's book Networking for Nerds: Find, Access and Land Hidden Game-Changing Career Opportunities Everywhere aims to teach you how to build relationships within your large pool of potential colleagues, mentors and collaborators via conferences, job interviews and online networking.

Data Pool Description

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2016-04-29

ASDC Data Pool   Notices   • DataPool will transition from ...  • Use IE7 for FTP sessions: a) Select "View", "Open FTP site in Windows Explorer" or b) Open Windows Explorer and enter the URL for the FTP site in the address bar ...

Challenges and opportunities for early-career Teaching-Focussed academics in the biosciences.

PubMed

Hubbard, Katharine; Gretton, Sarah; Jones, Katherine; Tallents, Lucy

2015-01-01

Twenty-seven percent of academics in UK Higher Education (HE) are in Teaching-Focussed positions, making major contributions to undergraduate programmes in an era of high student expectations when it comes to teaching quality. However, institutional support for Teaching-Focussed academics is often limited, both in terms of peer networking and opportunities for career development. As four early-career stage Teaching-Focussed academics working in a variety of institutions, we explore what motivated our choices to make teaching our primary academic activity, and the challenges that we have faced in doing so. In addition to highlighting the need for universities to fully recognise the achievements of teaching staff, we discuss the role that the various biosciences learned societies have in supporting Teaching-Focussed academics. We identify that there is a need for the learned societies to come together and pool their expertise in this area. The fragmented nature of the Teaching-Focussed academic community means that clear sources of national support are needed in order to best enable the next generation of bioscience educators to reach their full potential.

Challenges and opportunities for early-career Teaching-Focussed academics in the biosciences

PubMed Central

Hubbard, Katharine; Gretton, Sarah; Jones, Katherine; Tallents, Lucy

2015-01-01

Twenty-seven percent of academics in UK Higher Education (HE) are in Teaching-Focussed positions, making major contributions to undergraduate programmes in an era of high student expectations when it comes to teaching quality. However, institutional support for Teaching-Focussed academics is often limited, both in terms of peer networking and opportunities for career development. As four early-career stage Teaching-Focussed academics working in a variety of institutions, we explore what motivated our choices to make teaching our primary academic activity, and the challenges that we have faced in doing so. In addition to highlighting the need for universities to fully recognise the achievements of teaching staff, we discuss the role that the various biosciences learned societies have in supporting Teaching-Focussed academics. We identify that there is a need for the learned societies to come together and pool their expertise in this area. The fragmented nature of the Teaching-Focussed academic community means that clear sources of national support are needed in order to best enable the next generation of bioscience educators to reach their full potential. PMID:25977754

10 CFR Appendix P to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Pool Heaters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Pool Heaters P Appendix P to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. P Appendix P to...

10 CFR Appendix P to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Pool Heaters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Pool Heaters P Appendix P to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. P Appendix P to...

[18F](2S,4R)4-Fluoroglutamine PET Detects Glutamine Pool Size Changes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Response to Glutaminase Inhibition

PubMed Central

Pantel, Austin R.; Li, Shihong; Lieberman, Brian P.; Ploessl, Karl; Choi, Hoon; Blankemeyer, Eric; Lee, Hsiaoju; Kung, Hank F.; Mach, Robert H.

2017-01-01

Glutaminolysis is a metabolic pathway adapted by many aggressive cancers, including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), to utilize glutamine for survival and growth. In this study, we examined the utility of [18F](2S,4R)4-fluoroglutamine ([18F]4F-Gln) PET to measure tumor cellular glutamine pool size, whose change might reveal the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of drugs targeting this cancer-specific metabolic pathway. High glutaminase (GLS) activity in TNBC tumors resulted in low cellular glutamine pool size assayed via high-resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). GLS inhibition significantly increased glutamine pool size in TNBC tumors. MCF-7 tumors, with inherently low GLS activity compared to TNBC, displayed a larger baseline glutamine pool size that did not change as much in response to GLS inhibition. The tumor-to-blood-activity-ratios (T/B) obtained from [18F]4F-Gln PET images matched the distinct glutamine pool sizes of both tumor models at baseline. After a short course of GLS inhibitor treatment, the T/B values increased significantly in TNBC, but did not change in MCF-7 tumors. Across both tumor types and after GLS inhibitor or vehicle treatment, we observed a strong positive correlation between T/B values and tumor glutamine pool size measured using MRS (R2=0.71). In conclusion, [18F]4F-Gln PET tracked cellular glutamine pool size in breast cancers with differential GLS activity and detected increases in cellular glutamine pool size induced by GLS inhibitors. This study accomplished the first necessary step towards validating [18F]4F-Gln PET as a PD marker for glutaminase-targeting drugs. PMID:28202527

Divvying up the Raise Pool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGregor, James H. S.

2008-01-01

Teaching is not confined to the classroom. Faculty members supervise student research at every level. They contribute to program maintenance and curriculum development. They administer subprograms, advise students, and serve on university committees. However remote from research, all of those activities contribute to a department's educational…

Teaching English as a Second Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oberle, Joseph

1990-01-01

The shrinking U.S. labor pool has caused employers to hire more immigrants with the result that the language problem has become a work place problem. More and more employers are being forced to provide English-as-a-second-language training to their employees. (JOW)

Infection of rhesus macaques with a pool of simian immunodeficiency virus with the envelope genes from acute HIV-1 infections.

PubMed

Krebs, Kendall C; Tian, Meijuan; Asmal, Mohammed; Ling, Binhua; Nelson, Kenneth; Henry, Kenneth; Gibson, Richard; Li, Yuejin; Han, Weining; Shattock, Robin J; Veazey, Ronald S; Letvin, Norman; Arts, Eric J; Gao, Yong

2016-11-25

New simian-human immunodeficiency chimeric viruses with an HIV-1 env (SHIVenv) are critical for studies on HIV pathogenesis, vaccine development, and microbicide testing. Macaques are typically exposed to single CCR5-using SHIVenv which in most instances does not reflect the conditions during acute/early HIV infection (AHI) in humans. Instead of individual and serial testing new SHIV constructs, a pool of SHIVenv_B derived from 16 acute HIV-1 infections were constructed using a novel yeast-based SHIV cloning approach and then used to infect macaques. Even though none of the 16 SHIVenvs contained the recently reported mutations in env genes that could significantly enhance their binding affinity to RhCD4, one SHIVenv (i.e. SHIVenv_B3-PRB926) established infection in macaques exposed to this pool. AHI SHIVenv_B viruses as well as their HIVenv_B counterparts were analyzed for viral protein content, function, and fitness to identify possible difference between SHIVenv_B3-PRB926 and the other 15 SHIVenvs in the pool. All of the constructs produced SHIV or HIV chimeric with wild type levels of capsid (p27 and p24) content, reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, and expressed envelope glycoproteins that could bind to cell receptors CD4/CCR5 and mediate virus entry. HIV-1env_B chimeric viruses were propagated in susceptible cell lines but the 16 SHIVenv_B variants showed only limited replication in macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and 174×CEM.CCR5 cell line. AHI chimeric viruses including HIVenv_B3 showed only minor variations in cell entry efficiency and kinetics as well as replicative fitness in human PBMCs. Reduced number of N-link glycosylation sites and slightly greater CCR5 affinity/avidity was the only distinguishing feature of env_B3 versus other AHI env's in the pool, a feature also observed in the HIV establishing new infections in humans. Despite the inability to propagate in primary cells and cell lines, a pool of 16 SHIVenv viruses could establish infection but only one virus, SHIVenv_B3 was isolated in the macaque and then shown to repeatedly infected macaques. This SHIVenv_B3 virus did not show any distinct phenotypic property from the other 15 SHIVenv viruses but did have the fewest N-linked glycosylation sites.

Long-term frequent prescribed fire decreases surface soil carbon and nitrogen pools in a wet sclerophyll forest of Southeast Queensland, Australia.

PubMed

Muqaddas, Bushra; Zhou, Xiaoqi; Lewis, Tom; Wild, Clyde; Chen, Chengrong

2015-12-01

Prescribed fire is one of the most widely-used management tools for reducing fuel loads in managed forests. However the long-term effects of repeated prescribed fires on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how different fire frequency regimes influence C and N pools in the surface soils (0-10 cm). A prescribed fire field experiment in a wet sclerophyll forest established in 1972 in southeast Queensland was used in this study. The fire frequency regimes included long unburnt (NB), burnt every 2 years (2yrB) and burnt every 4 years (4yrB), with four replications. Compared with the NB treatment, the 2yrB treatment lowered soil total C by 44%, total N by 54%, HCl hydrolysable C and N by 48% and 59%, KMnO4 oxidizable C by 81%, microbial biomass C and N by 42% and 33%, cumulative CO2-C by 28%, NaOCl-non-oxidizable C and N by 41% and 51%, and charcoal-C by 17%, respectively. The 4yrB and NB treatments showed no significant differences for these soil C and N pools. All soil labile, biologically active and recalcitrant and total C and N pools were correlated positively with each other and with soil moisture content, but negatively correlated with soil pH. The C:N ratios of different C and N pools were greater in the burned treatments than in the NB treatments. This study has highlighted that the prescribed burning at four year interval is a more sustainable management practice for this subtropical forest ecosystem. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.367(b)-7 - Carryover of earnings and profits and foreign income taxes in certain foreign-to-foreign...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-pooling annual layers (as described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section) under an annual last-in, first... out of the pre-pooling annual layers (as described in paragraph (e)(2) of this section) under the LIFO... $15 (e) Pre-pooling annual layers—(1) If foreign surviving corporation is a pooling corporation. If...

A Phase Ib study of ruxolitinib + gemcitabine ± nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PubMed

Bauer, Todd M; Patel, Manish R; Forero-Torres, Andres; George, Thomas J; Assad, Albert; Du, Yining; Hurwitz, Herbert

2018-01-01

Aberrant activation of the Janus-associated kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is associated with increased malignant cell proliferation and survival. This Phase Ib study evaluated ruxolitinib, a potent JAK1/2 inhibitor, in combination with gemcitabine with or without nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients received ruxolitinib + gemcitabine (regimen A) or ruxolitinib + gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel (regimen B). The objective of the dose-finding phase was to identify the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of ruxolitinib plus gemcitabine with or without nab-paclitaxel. Among 42 patients enrolled, the median age was 62.5 years, 81.0% had pancreatic cancer, and almost 62% had received prior systemic therapy. Regimen A was tolerated with standard doses of gemcitabine; regimen B was tolerated with reduced doses of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel or concomitant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. The sponsor decided to terminate the study early due to the interim analysis results of the Phase III JANUS 1 study. Discontinuations were mainly due to radiologic or clinical disease progression (81.0% of patients). Median treatment durations were 55.5 days (cohort A0) and 150.5 days (pooled B cohorts). Four patients (pooled B cohorts) had dose-limiting toxicities: grade 3 pneumonia (n=1), grade 4 neutropenia (n=1), and grade 4 thrombocytopenia (n=2). The most common grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events (AEs) were anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Serious AEs occurring in ≥2 patients in cohort A0 or pooled B cohorts were abdominal pain, sepsis (cohort A0), dehydration, anemia, and asthenia (pooled B cohorts). Overall response rates (ORRs) were 12.5% in cohort A0 and 38.5% in pooled B cohorts. Among patients with pancreatic cancer, ORR was 23.5% (14.0% cohort A0 30.0% pooled B cohorts). The study was terminated early prior to reaching MTDs per sponsor decision; although ruxolitinib plus gemcitabine with or without nab-paclitaxel was generally safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors, this combination will not be pursued further.

Deep and shallow water effects on developing preschoolers' aquatic skills.

PubMed

Costa, Aldo M; Marinho, Daniel A; Rocha, Helena; Silva, António J; Barbosa, Tiago M; Ferreira, Sandra S; Martins, Marta

2012-05-01

The aim of the study was to assess deep and shallow water teaching methods in swimming lessons for preschool children and identify variations in the basic aquatic skills acquired. The study sample included 32 swimming instructors (16 from deep water programs and 16 from shallow water programs) and 98 preschool children (50 from deep water swimming pool and 48 from shallow water swimming pool). The children were also studied regarding their previous experience in swimming (6, 12 and 18 months or practice). Chi-Square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the teaching methodology. A discriminant analysis was conducted with Λ wilk's method to predict under what conditions students are better or worse (aquatic competence). Results suggest that regardless of the non-significant variations found in teaching methods, the water depth can affect aquatic skill acquisition - shallow water lessons seem to impose greater water competence particularly after 6 months of practice. The discriminant function revealed a significant association between groups and all predictors for 6 months of swimming practice (p<0.001). Body position in gliding and leg displacements were the main predictors. For 12 and 18 months of practice, the discriminant function do not revealed any significant association between groups. As a conclusion, it seems that the teaching methodology of aquatic readiness based on deep and shallow water programs for preschoolers is not significantly different. However, shallow water lessons could be preferable for the development of basic aquatic skills.

Deep and Shallow Water Effects on Developing Preschoolers’ Aquatic Skills

PubMed Central

Costa, Aldo M.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Rocha, Helena; Silva, António J.; Barbosa, Tiago M.; Ferreira, Sandra S.; Martins, Marta

2012-01-01

The aim of the study was to assess deep and shallow water teaching methods in swimming lessons for preschool children and identify variations in the basic aquatic skills acquired. The study sample included 32 swimming instructors (16 from deep water programs and 16 from shallow water programs) and 98 preschool children (50 from deep water swimming pool and 48 from shallow water swimming pool). The children were also studied regarding their previous experience in swimming (6, 12 and 18 months or practice). Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare the teaching methodology. A discriminant analysis was conducted with Λ wilk’s method to predict under what conditions students are better or worse (aquatic competence). Results suggest that regardless of the non-significant variations found in teaching methods, the water depth can affect aquatic skill acquisition - shallow water lessons seem to impose greater water competence particularly after 6 months of practice. The discriminant function revealed a significant association between groups and all predictors for 6 months of swimming practice (p<0.001). Body position in gliding and leg displacements were the main predictors. For 12 and 18 months of practice, the discriminant function do not revealed any significant association between groups. As a conclusion, it seems that the teaching methodology of aquatic readiness based on deep and shallow water programs for preschoolers is not significantly different. However, shallow water lessons could be preferable for the development of basic aquatic skills. PMID:23487406

Gd-complexes of macrocyclic DTPA conjugates of 1,1'-bis(amino)ferrocenes as high relaxivity MRI blood-pool contrast agents (BPCAs).

PubMed

Kim, Hee-Kyung; Park, Ji-Ae; Kim, Kyeong Min; Nasiruzzaman, Sk Md; Kang, Duk-Sik; Lee, Jongmin; Chang, Yongmin; Kim, Tae-Jeong

2010-11-28

We report the synthesis of macrocyclic DTPA conjugates of 1,1'-bis(amino)ferrocenes (1a-b) and their Gd-complexes [Gd(L)(H(2)O)] (2a-b, L = 1a-b) for use as new MRI blood-pool contrast agents. High R(1) relaxivity in HSA as well as high thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities is observed for 2a.

48 CFR 9904.410-60 - Illustrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... budgets for the other segment should be removed from B's G&A expense pool and transferred to the other...; all home office expenses allocated to Segment H are included in Segment H's G&A expense pool. (2) This... cost of scientific computer operations in its G&A expense pool. The scientific computer is used...

48 CFR 9904.410-60 - Illustrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... budgets for the other segment should be removed from B's G&A expense pool and transferred to the other...; all home office expenses allocated to Segment H are included in Segment H's G&A expense pool. (2) This... cost of scientific computer operations in its G&A expense pool. The scientific computer is used...

Classroom Aids

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas, 2007

2007-01-01

This article describes 6 aids for science instruction, including (1) the use of fudge to represent lava; (2) the "Living by Chemistry" program, designed to make high school chemistry more accessible to a diverse pool of students without sacrificing content; (3) NOAA and NSTA's online coral reef teaching tool, a new web-based "science toolbox" for…

A MATLAB-Aided Method for Teaching Calculus-Based Business Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liang, Jiajuan; Pan, William S. Y.

2009-01-01

MATLAB is a powerful package for numerical computation. MATLAB contains a rich pool of mathematical functions and provides flexible plotting functions for illustrating mathematical solutions. The course of calculus-based business mathematics consists of two major topics: 1) derivative and its applications in business; and 2) integration and its…

Teamwork Key for Pilot Plans on Teacher Pay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawchuk, Stephen

2008-01-01

A variety of federally financed grants based on performance pay are providing insights into how districts and teachers can collaborate to implement sustainable programs designed to improve teaching and learning. The question of whether those Teacher Incentive Fund grants will yield measurably higher student achievement, applicant pools with…

Buoying Design Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bliss, Angela; Bell, Elizabeth; Spence, Lundie

2013-01-01

Oranges, flying disks, pool noodles, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe may seem like items discarded after a Rube Goldberg experiment, but in fact, these objects were used in teaching science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). This article describes a project in which The Center of Ocean Sciences Education Excellence SouthEast (COSEE SE)…

African Universities Tackle the Continent's Agricultural Crisis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindow, Megan

2009-01-01

Pests, population growth, and depleted soil have wreaked havoc on agriculture in Africa, so universities across the continent are rethinking how they teach the topic. Some African universities have been building their own networks and pooling their limited resources to train more agricultural scientists and improve their responsiveness to the…

Rube Goldberg Salad System: Teaching Systems Theory in Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linabary, Jasmine R.; Long, Ziyu; Mouton, Ashton; Rao, Ranjani L.; Buzzanell, Patrice M.

2016-01-01

Systems theory has been a staple in organizational communication textbooks since the field's inception (Miller, 2015; Poole, 2014). Nevertheless, the authors' classroom experiences have revealed that systems theory may not seem applicable to students due to its complicated nature. While examples and cases can help students make sense of the…

17 CFR 240.3b-18 - Definitions of terms used in Section 3(a)(5) of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... another company. (b) The term consumer-related receivable means any obligation incurred by any natural... the value of the obligations in a pool of obligations used to back the securities issued through a... in a timely manner, not to exceed six months after the obligation is created. (f) The term pool means...

17 CFR 240.3b-18 - Definitions of terms used in Section 3(a)(5) of the Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... another company. (b) The term consumer-related receivable means any obligation incurred by any natural... the value of the obligations in a pool of obligations used to back the securities issued through a... in a timely manner, not to exceed six months after the obligation is created. (f) The term pool means...

Osmotic Control of opuA Expression in Bacillus subtilis and Its Modulation in Response to Intracellular Glycine Betaine and Proline Pools

PubMed Central

Hoffmann, Tamara; Wensing, Annette; Brosius, Margot; Steil, Leif; Völker, Uwe

2013-01-01

Glycine betaine is an effective osmoprotectant for Bacillus subtilis. Its import into osmotically stressed cells led to the buildup of large pools, whose size was sensitively determined by the degree of the osmotic stress imposed. The amassing of glycine betaine caused repression of the formation of an osmostress-adaptive pool of proline, the only osmoprotectant that B. subtilis can synthesize de novo. The ABC transporter OpuA is the main glycine betaine uptake system of B. subtilis. Expression of opuA was upregulated in response to both sudden and sustained increases in the external osmolarity. Nonionic osmolytes exerted a stronger inducing effect on transcription than ionic osmolytes, and this was reflected in the development of corresponding OpuA-mediated glycine betaine pools. Primer extension analysis and site-directed mutagenesis pinpointed the osmotically controlled opuA promoter. Deviations from the consensus sequence of SigA-type promoters serve to keep the transcriptional activity of the opuA promoter low in the absence of osmotic stress. opuA expression was downregulated in a finely tuned manner in response to increases in the intracellular glycine betaine pool, regardless of whether this osmoprotectant was imported or was newly synthesized from choline. Such an effect was also exerted by carnitine, an effective osmoprotectant for B. subtilis that is not a substrate for the OpuA transporter. opuA expression was upregulated in a B. subtilis mutant that was unable to synthesize proline in response to osmotic stress. Collectively, our data suggest that the intracellular solute pool is a key determinant for the osmotic control of opuA expression. PMID:23175650

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among youth with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Maïano, Christophe; Coutu, Sylvain; Tracey, Danielle; Bouchard, Stéphane; Lepage, Geneviève; Morin, Alexandre J S; Moullec, Grégory

2018-04-06

The purpose of this meta-analytic study was to determine the pooled prevalence estimates of anxiety and depressive disorders among children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) and to assess the extent to which these pooled prevalence rates differed according to studies' characteristics. A systematic literature search was performed in nine databases and 21 studies, published between 1975 and 2015, met the inclusion criteria. The resulting pooled prevalence estimates of combined subtypes of anxiety and depressive disorders were respectively (a) 5.4% and 2.8% across samples; (b) 1.2% and 0.03% among children; and (c) 7.9% and 1.4% among adolescents. Pooled prevalence estimates for specific subtypes of anxiety disorders ranged from (a) 0.2% to 11.5% across samples; (b) 0.7% to 17.6% among children; and (c) 0.6% to 19.8% among adolescents. Pooled prevalence estimates of dysthymic disorder and major depressive disorder were respectively (a) 3.4% and 2.5% across samples; (b) 2.1% and 3.2% among children; and (c) 6.9% and 5.7% among adolescents. Finally, subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the pooled prevalence estimates of combined subtypes of anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder; and combined subtypes of depressive disorders. The present findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution given several limitations related to the characteristics of the populations, diagnostic method and sampling method. Findings provide recommendations for future studies investigating psychological disorders among youth with ID, as well as how clinicians and policy makers can improve diagnostic practices and support for youth with ID. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-3 - Effective dates and duration of taxable mortgage pool classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... mortgage pool classification. 301.7701(i)-3 Section 301.7701(i)-3 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... § 301.7701(i)-3 Effective dates and duration of taxable mortgage pool classification. (a) Effective... connected to the entity's issuance of related debt obligations (as defined in paragraph (b)(3) of this...

[Investigation of toxigenic microcystis and microcystin pollution in Huayuankou Conservation Pool of Yellow River].

PubMed

Ban, Haiqun; Ba, Yue; Cheng, Xuemin; Wang, Guangzhou

2007-09-01

To investigate the contaminative, condition of planktonic algae, cyanobacteria, toxigenic microcystis and microcystin in Huayuankou Conservation Pool of Yellow River. From March 2005 to January 2006, water samples were taken 15 times by 2. 5L plastic sampler from Huayuankou Conservation Pool. The density of algae were counted by using blood cell counter. Phycocyanin intergenic spacer region (PC-IGS) and microcystin synthetase gene B (mcyB) of toxigenic microcystis was identified by the whole cell PCR. The concentration of microcystin was determined by ELISA kit. The positive results of PCR and ELISA were compared. Bacillariophyta, chlorophyta, cyanophyta (cyanobacteria) and euglenophyta were main algaes in Huayuankou conservation pool, and the dominant algae and cell density changed seasonally. Algae cell density and cyanobacteria cell density were higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. From July to November, 2005, PC-IGS and mcyB were detected positively by whole cell PCR. Microcystin was positively detected from July, the concentration of microcystin changed from 0 to 0.25microg/L, it was more higher in summer than other seasons. Toxigenic microcystis and microcystin could be detected in Huayuankou Conservation Pool of Yellow River. Whole cell PCR could be used to identify toxigenic microcystis.

Uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of benzo[a]pyrene by the gammarid amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dickbut, R.M.; Huszai, C.M.; Lay, P.W.

1995-12-31

The uptake, biotransformation, and elimination of {sup 3}H-benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by the gammarid amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus was evaluated in laboratory exposures. Rapid uptake (i.e. within 2.5 h) of sediment-associated B[a]P was observed, and during the exposures organism body burdens were dominated by organic extractable (e.g. parent compound) components, with aqueous soluble and bound metabolites constituting a much smaller fraction of the total body burden. However, upon discontinuation of exposure of the organisms to B[a]P, organic extractable compounds were more rapidly eliminated by L. plumulosus than the aqueous extractable and bound contaminant pools. Uptake and elimination of B[a]P were adequately modeled assumingmore » first order kinetics, with the exception of the early stages of exposure. The rapid uptake during the first few hours of exposure of Leptocheirus to sediment-associated B[a]P may be due to sorption of B[a]P to the exoskeleton of the organism. This hypothesis is under further investigation. Uptake and elimination of B[a]P metabolite pools by L. plumulosus was best modeled assuming a fraction of the metabolite pool was irreversibly bound or slowly eliminated.« less

Women in the University of Chicago. Report of the Committee on University Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chicago Univ., IL.

Part 1 of this report on the status of women at the University of Chicago deals with women on the regular teaching faculties, their numbers and locations, potential pools of faculty women, recruitment procedures, promotions and reappointments, cases of alleged discrimination, nepotism, work patterns, reported satisfactions and dissatisfactions,…

Applying Statistics in the Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory: Experiments with Food Dyes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomasson, Kathryn; Lofthus-Merschman, Sheila; Humbert, Michelle; Kulevsky, Norman

1998-01-01

Describes several experiments to teach different aspects of the statistical analysis of data using household substances and a simple analysis technique. Each experiment can be performed in three hours. Students learn about treatment of spurious data, application of a pooled variance, linear least-squares fitting, and simultaneous analysis of dyes…

Adventures in Teaching via Interactive Television.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lund, Steven; Sanderson, Lee

Since 1991, Arizona Western College has provided interactive television (ITV) college courses to other sites within and outside of Yuma County (Arizona). This method of course delivery reaches students at distant sites not large enough to support a class and also allows teachers at several sites to offer courses to a larger student pool. It makes…

Bond Insurance Can Help Lower the Cost of Financing Your Facilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sockwell, Oliver R.

1993-01-01

For many colleges, universities, and teaching hospitals, the need to expand, renovate, or replace aging structures and equipment is crucial. Institutions need not be large and well known to tap nationwide capital pools. By using municipal bond insurance when issuing tax-exempt bonds for financing, they improve their credit rating and increase…

[Environmental Education Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Minneapolis Independent School District 275, Minn.

Two of these three pamphlets describe methods of teaching young elementary school children the principles of sampling. Tiles of five colors are added to a tub and children sample these randomly; using the tiles as units for a graph, they draw a representation of the population. Pooling results leads to a more reliable sample. Practice is given in…

75 FR 64955 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Northeast Multispecies Fishery; Correction to Cod...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

...; Correction to Cod Landing Limit for Handgear A Vessels in the Common Pool Fishery AGENCY: National Marine... multispecies limited access Handgear A (HA) permitted vessels fishing in the common pool fishery for the... vessels fishing under common pool regulations at Sec. 648.82(b)(6) state that ``The [300 lb (136.1 kg...

HLA–B51/B5 and the Risk of Behçet’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case–Control Genetic Association Studies

PubMed Central

de MENTHON, MATHILDE; LAVALLEY, MICHAEL P.; MALDINI, CARLA; GUILLEVIN, LOÏC; MAHR, ALFRED

2013-01-01

Objective To quantify by meta-analysis the genetic effect of the HLA–B5 or HLA–B51 (HLA–B51/B5) allele on the risk of developing Behçet’s disease (BD) and to look for potential effect modifiers. Methods Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed Medline database and manual searches of the literature. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by using the random-effects model. Subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were undertaken to investigate the effects of selected study-level parameters on the pooled OR. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Pooled results were used to calculate population-attributable risks (PAR) for BD in relationship to HLA–B51/B5. Results A total of 4,800 patients with BD and 16,289 controls from 78 independent studies (published 1975–2007) were selected. The pooled OR of HLA–B51/B5 allele carriers to develop BD compared with noncarriers was 5.78 (95% CI 5.00–6.67), with moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 61%). The subgroup analyses stratifying studies by geographic locations (Eastern Asia, Middle East/North Africa, Southern Europe, Northern/Eastern Europe) yielded consistent OR ranges (5.31–7.20), with I2 ranges of 52–70%. Univariate random-effects meta-regression indicated the percentage of male BD cases (P = 0.008) as a source of heterogeneity. The PAR within the various geographic areas were estimated at 32–52%. Conclusion The strength of the association between BD and HLA–B51/B5, and its consistency across populations of various ethnicities, lends further support to this allele being a primary and causal risk determinant for BD. Variations according to sex support an interaction of this allele with BD characteristics. PMID:19790126

A Multipurpose Device for Some Hydrostatics Questions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ganci, Salvatore

2008-01-01

A number of well-known hydrostatics problems dealing with Archimedes' principle concern a loaded boat floating in a pool. Examples of this sort of problem include: 1. (a) If a stone is thrown overboard from a boat floating in a pool, does the water level in the pool rise, fall, or remain unchanged? (b) If a hole is made in the bottom of the boat…

U.S. predoctoral education in pediatric dentistry: its impact on access to dental care.

PubMed

Seale, N Sue; Casamassimo, Paul S

2003-01-01

This study sought to identify faculty, organization, patient pool, and procedures taught in predoctoral pediatric dentistry programs using a questionnaire sent to all fifty-five U.S. dental schools in 2001. Forty-eight (87 percent) programs reported an average of 3.9 full-time and 2.1 part-time FTE faculty, resulting in a mean faculty to student ratio of 1:6.4. One-third employ general dentists to teach pediatric dentistry, and 36 percent report fewer faculty than five years ago. Two-thirds were stand-alone departments. Over half (55 percent) reported increases in patient pools, but also a lack of patients with restorative needs. Half of the programs supplemented school-based pools with special populations, and two-thirds sent students on external rotations, most often to treat high-caries children. Those not using external rotations cited lack of faculty. Accepted patients averaged about four years, with only 6 percent of the pool under three years. Low-income or Medicaid-covered children accounted for 88 percent of school patient pools. Half of the schools felt the pool inadequate to meet competencies, attributable to lack of patients' restorative needs or inadequate intake numbers. Fewer than half of the programs (48 percent) provided hands-on experience with disabled patients, and one-third afforded every student with this experience. Pediatric dentistry was mentioned in fewer than half of the competency documents. Results suggest that U.S. pediatric dentistry predoctoral programs have faculty and patient pool limitations that affect competency achievement and adversely affect training and practice.

Simulation-based training for cardiac auscultation skills: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

McKinney, James; Cook, David A; Wood, David; Hatala, Rose

2013-02-01

The current review examines the effectiveness of simulation-based medical education (SBME) for training health professionals in cardiac physical examination and examines the relative effectiveness of key instructional design features. Data sources included a comprehensive, systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, and Scopus through May 2011. Included studies investigated SBME to teach health profession learners cardiac physical examination skills using outcomes of knowledge or skill. We carried out duplicate assessment of study quality and data abstraction and pooled effect sizes using random effects. We identified 18 articles for inclusion. Thirteen compared SBME to no-intervention (either single group pre-post comparisons or SBME added to other instruction common to all learners, such as traditional bedside teaching), three compared SBME to other educational interventions, and two compared two SBME interventions. Meta-analysis of the 13 no-intervention comparison studies demonstrated that simulation-based instruction in cardiac auscultation was effective, with pooled effect sizes of 1.10 (95 % CI 0.49-1.72; p < 0.001; I(2) = 92.4 %) for knowledge outcomes and 0.87 (95 % CI 0.52-1.22; p < 0.001; I(2) = 91.5 %) for skills. In sub-group analysis, hands-on practice with the simulator appeared to be an important teaching technique. Narrative review of the comparative effectiveness studies suggests that SBME may be of similar effectiveness to other active educational interventions, but more studies are required. The quantity of published evidence and the relative lack of comparative effectiveness studies limit this review. SBME is an effective educational strategy for teaching cardiac auscultation. Future studies should focus on comparing key instructional design features and establishing SBME's relative effectiveness compared to other educational interventions.

17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... corporate control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

17 CFR 162.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... control with a covered affiliate. (b) Clear and conspicuous. The term “clear and conspicuous” means... exchange dealer, commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap..., commodity trading advisor, commodity pool operator, introducing broker, major swap participant or swap...

Close the Achievement Gap with Summer Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huggins, Gary

2012-01-01

Summer vacation from school can bring afternoons at the swimming pool, family vacations, and maybe a spirit-filled summer camp that ignites a passion for art or rock climbing. But for many children, summer also means setbacks in learning that take a tremendous toll on teaching and student performance over time. PTA leaders can make a vital…

Evaluating Teacher-Leaders for Careers as Administrators: Effects of Job Attributes, Teacher Leader Role, and Teaching Assignment Area

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shumate, Brian T.; Munoz, Marco A.; Winter, Paul A.

2005-01-01

Recruitment of public school administrators is an important issue due to the shortage of qualified job applicants nationwide. The shortage of applicants requires school districts to evaluate their internal pools of potential applicants for administrative vacancies. This evaluation research addressed the recruitment of teacher-leaders to serve as…

[Central Minnesota Teacher Education Council Programs. Graduate Internship in Elementary Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saint Cloud State Coll., Minn.

The essential purpose of this document is to describe the organization and operation of the Central Minnesota Teacher Education Council (CMTEC) and several programs which it has developed in order to improve teacher education, to pool the resources and ideas of 35 school districts in central Minnesota, and to enhance college-school communication.…

Sourcebook for English Teachers: Directed Reading/Teaching Guides for Selected Literacy Works. Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ley, Terry C., Ed.

This sourcebook presents reading guides for 27 literary works frequently used by secondary school English teachers. The guides contain an overview of the work, a pool of instructional objectives for each work, a variety of activities, a series of discussion options, suggestions for evaluation, and annotated lists of related works. Included are:…

Online Teaching: Navigating Its Advantages, Disadvantages and Best Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Asfour, Ahmed

2012-01-01

Many tribal colleges are already offering distance learning. With increased Internet use, it's likely that even more will offer online courses to their tribal members in order to reach a larger student pool. Online education can reach students who care for their immediate and extended families and who have to work. It is also appealing to students…

Sourcebook for English Teachers: Directed Reading/Teaching Guides for Selected Literary Works. Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ley, Terry C., Ed.

This sourcebook presents reading guides for 22 literary works frequently used by secondary school English teachers. The guides contain an overview of the work, a pool of instructional objectives for each work, a variety of activities, a series of discussion options, suggestions for evaluation, and annotated lists of related works. Included are:…

Sourcebook for English Teachers: Directed Reading/Teaching Guides for Selected Literacy Works. Volume 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ley, Terry C., Ed.

This sourcebook presents reading guides for 39 literary works frequently used by scondary school English teachers. The guides contain an overview of the work, a pool of instructional objectives for each work, a variety of activities, a series of discussion options, suggestions for evaluation, and annotated lists of related works. Included are:…

24 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws of _______ Homebuyers Association

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... incorporation is sought) the undesigned, all of whom are natural persons, residents of , of full age, have this..., credit unions, transportation pools, and skill pools; b. Assisting Homebuyers in acquiring group...

46 CFR 401.300 - Authorization for establishment of pools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... longitude 84°33′ W. at the northern approach. (b) The Director shall determine the number of pools that will... United States waters of the St. Lawrence River between the international boundary at St. Regis and a line...

46 CFR 401.300 - Authorization for establishment of pools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... longitude 84°33′ W. at the northern approach. (b) The Director shall determine the number of pools that will... United States waters of the St. Lawrence River between the international boundary at St. Regis and a line...

Geographic information systems - transportation ISTEA management systems server net prototype pooled fund study : phase B - summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-06-01

The Geographic Information System-Transportation (GIS-T) ISTEA Management Systems Server Net Prototype Pooled Fund Study represents the first national cooperative effort in the transportation industry to address the management and monitoring systems ...

Software requirements specification for the GIS-T/ISTEA pooled fund study phase C linear referencing engine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amai, W.; Espinoza, J. Jr.; Fletcher, D.R.

1997-06-01

This Software Requirements Specification (SRS) describes the features to be provided by the software for the GIS-T/ISTEA Pooled Fund Study Phase C Linear Referencing Engine project. This document conforms to the recommendations of IEEE Standard 830-1984, IEEE Guide to Software Requirements Specification (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1984). The software specified in this SRS is a proof-of-concept implementation of the Linear Referencing Engine as described in the GIS-T/ISTEA pooled Fund Study Phase B Summary, specifically Sheet 13 of the Phase B object model. The software allows an operator to convert between two linear referencing methods and a datummore » network.« less

45 CFR 148.316 - Grant application instructions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... application kit (see paragraph (b) of this section) along with the following information: (1) History and... that includes the following: (i) Brief history, including date of inception. (ii) Enrollment criteria... pool, including statutes, regulations and plan of operation. (2) Accounting of risk pool losses...

Cellular immune responses in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance induced by antiviral therapy

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background The mechanisms by which chronic hepatitis B is completely resolved through antiviral therapy are unknown, and the contribution of acquired T cell immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance has not been investigated. Therefore, we measured the T-cell responses to core and envelope antigens in patients with HBsAg seroclearance. Methods Fourteen subjects with HBsAg seroclearance following antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B, 7 HBeAg-positive immunotolerant HBV carriers and 9 HBeAg-negative inactive HBsAg carriers were recruited. HBV-specific T-cell responses to recombinant HBV core (rHBcAg) and envelope (rHBsAg) proteins and pools of core and envelope peptides were measured using an ELISPOT assay detecting interferon-gamma and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays detecting interferon-gamma or interleukin 2. Results Interferon-gamma ELISPOT assays showed a low frequency of weak responses to the rHBsAg and S peptide pool in the HBsAg seroclearance group, and the response frequency to the rHBcAg and the C peptide pool was higher than to the rHBsAg (P < 0.001) and S peptide pool (P = 0.001) respectively. A higher response frequency to C than S peptide pools was confirmed in the interferon-gamma ICS assays for both CD4+ (P = 0.033) and CD8+ (P = 0.040) T cells in the HBsAg seroclearance group. The responses to C and S antigens in the inactive carriers were similar. Conclusions There was a low frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune responses to envelope antigens in Chinese subjects with HBsAg seroclearance following antiviral therapy. It is unlikely that these immune responses are responsible for HBsAg seroclearance in these subjects. PMID:21320337

Environmental controls of C, N and P biogeochemistry in peatland pools.

PubMed

Arsenault, Julien; Talbot, Julie; Moore, Tim R

2018-08-01

Pools are common in northern peatlands but studies have seldom focused on their nutrient biogeochemistry, especially in relation to their morphological characteristics and through seasons. We determined the environmental characteristics controlling carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) biogeochemistry in pools and assessed their evolution over the course of the 2016 growing season in a subboreal ombrotrophic peatland of eastern Canada. We showed that water chemistry variations in 62 pools were significantly explained by depth (81.9%) and the surrounding vegetation type (14.8%), but not by pool area or shape. Shallow pools had larger dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and lower pH than deep pools, while pools surrounded by coniferous trees had more recalcitrant DOC than pools where vegetation was dominated by mosses. The influence of depth on pool biogeochemistry was confirmed by the seasonal survey of pools of different sizes with 47.1% of the variation in pool water chemistry over time significantly explained. Of this, 67.3% was explained by the interaction between time and pool size and 32.7% by pool size alone. P concentrations were small in all pools all summer long and combined with high N:P ratios, are indicative of P-limitation. Our results show that pool biogeochemistry is influenced by internal processes and highlight the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of nutrient biogeochemistry in ombrotrophic peatlands. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diagnostic accuracy of HLA-B*57:01 screening for the prediction of abacavir hypersensitivity and clinical utility of the test: a meta-analytic review.

PubMed

Cargnin, Sarah; Jommi, Claudio; Canonico, Pier Luigi; Genazzani, Armando A; Terrazzino, Salvatore

2014-05-01

To determine diagnostic accuracy of HLA-B*57:01 testing for prediction of abacavir-induced hypersensitivity and to quantify the clinical benefit of pretreatment screening through a meta-analytic review of published studies. A comprehensive search was performed up to June 2013. The methodological quality of relevant studies was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. The pooled diagnostic estimates were calculated using a random effect model. Despite the presence of heterogeneity in sensitivity or specificity estimates, the pooled diagnostic odds ratio to detect abacavir-induced hypersensitivity on the basis of clinical criteria was 33.07 (95% CI: 22.33-48.97, I(2): 13.9%), while diagnostic odds ratio for detection of immunologically confirmed abacavir hypersensitivity was 1141 (95% CI: 409-3181, I(2): 0%). Pooled analysis of risk ratio showed that prospective HLA-B*57:01 testing significantly reduced the incidence of abacavir-induced hypersensitivity. This meta-analysis demonstrates an excellent diagnostic accuracy of HLA-B*57:01 testing to detect immunologically confirmed abacavir hypersensitivity and corroborates existing recommendations.

Teachers' Attitude towards ICT Use in Secondary Schools: A Scale Development Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aydin, Mehmet Kemal; Semerci, Ali; Gürol, Mehmet

2016-01-01

The current study aims to develop a valid and reliable instrument that measures secondary school teachers' attitudes towards ICT use in teaching and learning process. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with a group of 173 teachers. Based on the literature review, a pool of 21 items was proposed and reviewed by a board of experts. As to…

Layered Learning, Eustress, and Support: Impact of a Pre-Service-Learning Training on Students' Self-Efficacy in Teaching in the Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooke, Natalie K.; Pursifull, Anne K.; Jones, Kerry M.; Goodell, L. Suzanne

2017-01-01

Service-learning programs provide students with opportunities to gain discipline-specific skills, while providing community organizations with a steady pool of volunteers. However, because students may lack the skills needed to effectively serve the community, skills-based training may need to be incorporated into service-learning courses.…

The Development of an Instrument to Evaluate Teachers' Concepts about Nature of Mathematical Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kean, Lesa L. Conditt

2012-01-01

While there does seem to be widespread consensus that teachers' beliefs and concepts influence the way they teach, even the most recent international studies suggest that research-based evidence for this consensus is limited. In an effort to enlarge and enhance the pool of evidence that shows specific relationships between teacher beliefs and…

COPPER: Communities of Practice--Pooling Educational Resources to Foster the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duffy, Donna Killian

2006-01-01

Redefining the community college's historical commitment to open access requires an analysis of the community college within the larger system of higher education. In 2002, Middlesex Community College in Bedford, Massachusetts (MCC) was selected as one of 12 leaders nationwide to head a cluster group of colleges. A total of 7 diverse institutions…

Moving out of Linguistic Boxes: The Effects of Translanguaging Strategies for Multilingual Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Makalela, Leketi

2015-01-01

This paper reports on an investigation into the efficacy of a teacher preparation programme that introduced the teaching of African languages to speakers of other African languages in order to produce multi-competent and multi-vocal teachers. A mixed method approach was used to elicit from a pool of 60 (30 experimental; 30 control group)…

SAGE III L2 Solar Event Species Profiles (Binary)

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2016-06-14

... Search and Order:  Earthdata Search   FTP Access:  Data Pool V3  |  Data Pool V4 Parameters:  Aerosol ... Data Additional Info:  Data Format: Big Endian/IEEE Binary; Avg Size in MB: 0.044 SCAR-B Block:  ...

76 FR 49467 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

.... Applicants: Wolverine Power Supply Cooperative, Inc., Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator, Inc. Description: Wolverine Power Supply Cooperative, Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.13(a)(2)(iii: Wolverine...: Southwest Power Pool, Inc. Description: Southwest Power Pool, Inc. submits tariff filing per 35.17(b...

Automation of water supply and recirculation-filtration of water at a swimming pool using Zelio PLC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diniş, C. M.; Popa, G. N.; Iagăr, A.

2018-01-01

The paper proposes the use of the Zelio PLC for the automation of the water supply and recirculation-filtration system of a swimming pool. To do this, the Zelio SR3B261BD - 24V DC with 10 digital inputs (24V DC) and 10 digital outputs (relay contacts) was used. The proposed application makes the control of the water supply pumps and the water recirculation-filtration from a swimming pool. The recirculation-filtration systems for pools and swimming pools are designed to ensure water cleaning and recirculation to achieve optimum quality and lasting service life. The water filtration process is one of the important steps in water treatment in polls and swimming pools. It consists in recirculation of the entire volume of water and begins by absorbing the water in the pool by means of a pump followed by the passing of water through the filter, disinfectant and pH dosing, and reintroducing the water back into the pool or swimming pool through the discharge holes. Filters must to work 24 hours a day to remove pollutants from pools or swimming pools users. Filtration removes suspension particles with different origins. All newly built pools and swimming pools must be fitted with water recirculation systems, and existing ones will be equipped with water recirculation and water treatment systems.

10 CFR Appendix P to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption of Pool Heaters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... least three significant figures shall be reported. 4.3Off mode. 4.3.1Pool heaters with a seasonal off... significant figures shall be reported. 5.Calculations. 5.1Thermal efficiency. Calculate the thermal efficiency...

21 CFR 660.34 - Processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Reagent Red Blood Cells § 660.34 Processing. (a... required blood group antigens specified in the labeling as present. (b) Products prepared from pooled red blood cells. If the product is recommended for the detection of unexpected antibodies, the pool shall be...

21 CFR 660.34 - Processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Reagent Red Blood Cells § 660.34 Processing. (a... required blood group antigens specified in the labeling as present. (b) Products prepared from pooled red blood cells. If the product is recommended for the detection of unexpected antibodies, the pool shall be...

21 CFR 660.34 - Processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Reagent Red Blood Cells § 660.34 Processing. (a... required blood group antigens specified in the labeling as present. (b) Products prepared from pooled red blood cells. If the product is recommended for the detection of unexpected antibodies, the pool shall be...

21 CFR 660.34 - Processing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Reagent Red Blood Cells § 660.34 Processing. (a... required blood group antigens specified in the labeling as present. (b) Products prepared from pooled red blood cells. If the product is recommended for the detection of unexpected antibodies, the pool shall be...

A novel teaching tool using dynamic cues improves visualisation of chest lesions by naive observers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohamed Ali, M. A.; Toomey, R. J.; Ryan, J. T.; Cuffe, F. C.; Brennan, P. C.

2009-02-01

Introduction Dynamic cueing is an effective way of stimulating perception of regions of interest within radiological images. This study explores the impact of a novel teaching tool using dynamic cueing for lesion detection on plain chest radiographs. Materials and methods Observer performance studies were carried out where 36 novices examined 30 chest images in random order. Half of these contained between one and three simulated pulmonary nodules. Three groups were investigated: A (control: no teaching tool), B (retested immediately after undergoing the teaching tool) and C (retested a week after undergoing the teaching tool). The teaching tool involved dynamically displaying the same images with and without lesions. Results were compared using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), sensitivity and specificity analyses. Results The second reading showed significantly greater area under the ROC curve (Az value) (p<0.0001) and higher sensitivity value (p=0.004) compared to the first reading for Group B. No differences between readings were demonstrated for groups A or C. When the magnitudes of the above changes were compared between Group B and the other two groups, greater changes in Az value for Group B were noted (B vs. A:p=0.0003, B vs. C:p=0.0005). For sensitivity, when Group B was compared to Group A, the magnitude of the change was significantly greater (p=0.0029) whereas when Group B was compared to Group C, the magnitude change demonstrated a level approaching significance (p=0.0768). Conclusions The novel teaching tool improves identification of pulmonary nodular lesions on chest radiographs in the short term.

Role of non-contrast balanced steady-state free precession megnetic resonance angiography compared to contrast-enhanced megnetic resonance angiography in diagnosing renal artery stenosis: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Tao, Weijing; Shen, Yang; Guo, Lili; Bo, Genji

2014-01-01

Balanced steady-state free precession MR angiography (b-SSFP MRA) has shown great promise in diagnosing renal artery stenosis (RAS) as a non-contrast MR angiography (NC-MRA) method. However, results from related studies are inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the accuracy of b-SSFP MRA compared to contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in diagnosing RAS. English and Chinese studies that were published prior to September 4, 2013 and that assessed b-SSFP MRA diagnostic performance in RAS patients were reviewed. Quality of the literature was assessed independently by two observers. The statistical analysis was adopted by the software of Meta-Disc version 1.4. Using the heterogeneity test, a statistical effect model was chosen to calculate different pooled weighted values. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) space and Spearman correlation coefficient were to explore threshold effect. Sensitivity analysis and the publication bias were performed to demonstrate if the pooled estimates were stable and reliable. We produced forest plots to calculate the pooled values and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and constructed a summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). A total of 10 high quality articles were used in this meta-analysis. The studies showed a high degree of heterogeneity. The "shoulder-arm" shape in the ROC plot and the Spearman correlation coefficient between the log(SEN) and log(1-SPE) suggested that there was a threshold effect. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the actual combined effect size was equal to the theoretical combined effect size. The publication bias was low after quality evaluation of the literature and the construction of a funnel plot. The pooled sensitivity was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83-0.91) and pooled specificity was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.95); pooled PLR was 14.57 (95% CI, 9.78-21.71]) and pooled NLR was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.11-0.20). The AUC was 0.964 3. In contrast to CE-MRA, the b-SSFP MRA is more accurate in diagnosing RAS, and may be able to replace other diagnostic methods in patients with renal insufficiency.

Pre-service elementary science teaching self-efficacy and teaching practices: A mixed-methods, dual-phase, embedded case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sangueza, Cheryl Ramirez

This mixed-method, dual-phase, embedded-case study employed the Social Cognitive Theory and the construct of self-efficacy to examine the contributors to science teaching self-efficacy and science teaching practices across different levels of efficacy in six pre-service elementary teachers during their science methods course and student teaching experiences. Data sources included the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B) for pre-service teachers, questionnaires, journals, reflections, student teaching lesson observations, and lesson debriefing notes. Results from the STEBI-B show that all participants measured an increase in efficacy throughout the study. The ANOVA analysis of the STEBI-B revealed a statistically significant increase in level of efficacy during methods course, student teaching, and from the beginning of the study to the end. Of interest in this study was the examination of the participants' science teaching practices across different levels of efficacy. Results of this analysis revealed how the pre-service elementary teachers in this study contextualized their experiences in learning to teach science and its influences on their science teaching practices. Key implications involves the value in exploring how pre-service teachers interpret their learning to teach experiences and how their interpretations influence the development of their science teaching practices.

10 CFR 36.61 - Inspection and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for radioactive contamination in pool water required by § 36.59(b) using a radiation check source, if... emergency source return control required by § 36.31(c). (7) Leak-tightness of systems through which pool water circulates (visual inspection). (8) Operability of the heat and smoke detectors and extinguisher...

National Dam Inspection Program. Negro Pond Dam (NDI I.D. PA-0889, DER I.D. 066-010), Susquehanna River Basin, Little Mehoopany Creek, Wyoming County, Pennsylvania. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-19

level for Chamberlain Pond Dam in the USGS 7.5-minute Jenningsville quadrangle. a. Drainage Area 4.8 square miles(l) b. Discharge at Dam Site ( cfs ...at normal pool. Chamberlain Pond Dam is a dry masonry wall with an upstream earth fill. The 62-foot-wide spillway can pass 1360 cfs at maximum pool...at normal pool. The spillway is 61 feet wide and can pass 700 cfs at maximum pool. 3.2 Evaluation. The dam essentially is a mound of stones requiring

2011 Summary: Coastal wetland restoration research

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kowalski, Kurt P.; Wiley, Michael J.; Wilcox, Douglas A.; Carlson Mazur, Martha L.; Czayka, Alex; Dominguez, Andrea; Doty, Susan; Eggleston, Mike; Green, Sean; Sweetman, Amanda

2014-01-01

The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) projects currently taking place in Great Lakes coastal wetlands provide a unique opportunity to study ecosystem response to management actions as practitioners strive to improve wetland function and increase ecosystem services. Through a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey – Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and Ducks Unlimited, a GLRI-funded project has reestablished the hydrologic connection between an intensively managed impounded wetland (Pool 2B) and Crane Creek, a small Lake Erie tributary, by building a water-control structure that was opened in the spring of 2011. The study site is located within the USFWS Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge (ONWR) and lies within the boundaries of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-designated Maumee River Area of Concern. The broad objective of the project is to evaluate how hydrologically reconnecting a previously diked wetland impacts fish, mollusks, and other biota and affects nutrient transport, nutrient cycling, water quality, flood storage, and many other abiotic conditions. The results from this project suggest large system-wide benefits from sustainable reestablishment of lake-driven hydrology in this and other similar systems. We comprehensively sampled water chemistry, fish, birds, plants, and invertebrates in Crane Creek coastal wetlands, Pool 2A (a reference diked wetland), and Pool 2B (the reconnected wetland) in 2010 and 2011 to: 1) Characterize spatial and seasonal patterns for these parameters. 2) Examine ecosystem response to the opening of a water-control structure that allows fish passage Our sampling efforts have yielded data that reveal striking changes in water quality, hydrology, and fish assemblages in our experimental unit (2B). Prior to the reconnection, the water chemistry in pools 2A and 2B were very similar. Afterwards, we found that the water chemistry in reconnected Pool 2B was more similar to Crane Creek (e.g., greater turbidity, higher concentration of nitrogen). Sites closest to the structure showed the most creek influence with that influence decreasing with distance from the structure, suggesting that input water from Crane Creek is not mixing fully with the pool water. We also found that water level fluctuations were much greater in the reconnected wetland due to the influence of seiches in Lake Erie. We measured the nutrient concentrations of water flowing into and out of Pool 2B during seiche events and found that the phosphorous and nitrogen concentrations generally were drastically reduced after pulsing through the reconnected wetland. Fish response to the reconnection was equally striking. High-resolution sonar revealed extensive bidirectional movement of fish through the structure on a daily and seasonal basis. There also were significant increases in both the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and the species richness of all sites in Pool 2B from 2010 to 2011. Reconnecting the diked pool to the larger Crane Creek wetland complex, and therefore Lake Erie, has opened up rich new habitat for many fish species. Thirteen species of fish not previously found in the pool entered through the structure and actively used the reconnected wetland. We also found that the wetland functions as a productive spawning ground and nursery area with notable shifts in the predominant age-class of several species of fish, especially northern pike. We observed no negative effects of reconnection on the avian or vegetative communities. All sites within the connected pool had increases in diversity and abundance in the avian community and decreases in the species richness and Floristic Quality Assessment Index values for vegetative communities. After one year of study, data suggest that maintaining a hydrologic connection between diked and coastal wetlands in Lake Erie allows fishes to use vegetated habitats regularly, reduces the concentration of nutrients in coastal waters, and maintains productive habitats for birds and other biota.  It will be important to continue to monitor the status of the reconnected wetland to determine the effect of long-term connection to Crane Creek and Lake Erie.  If conditions degrade, periodic management actions involving hydrologic isolation of the rehabilitated coastal wetland could be used to mimic intermediate levels of disturbance and maintain wetland vegetation.

Back Stairs at Brucemore: Life as Servants in Early 20th-Century America. Teaching with Historic Places.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alexander, Melanie; Pustz, Jennifer

When friends and family visited the Douglas family at Brucemore in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, they had the opportunity to enjoy the beauty and grace of the mansion's public places. On its 33 acres, Brucemore had a duck pond, swimming pool, tennis courts, and large formal gardens, besides its 21 extravagant rooms and furnishings. Domestic servants were…

Generating compact classifier systems using a simple artificial immune system.

PubMed

Leung, Kevin; Cheong, France; Cheong, Christopher

2007-10-01

Current artificial immune system (AIS) classifiers have two major problems: 1) their populations of B-cells can grow to huge proportions, and 2) optimizing one B-cell (part of the classifier) at a time does not necessarily guarantee that the B-cell pool (the whole classifier) will be optimized. In this paper, the design of a new AIS algorithm and classifier system called simple AIS is described. It is different from traditional AIS classifiers in that it takes only one B-cell, instead of a B-cell pool, to represent the classifier. This approach ensures global optimization of the whole system, and in addition, no population control mechanism is needed. The classifier was tested on seven benchmark data sets using different classification techniques and was found to be very competitive when compared to other classifiers.

Community annotation experiment for ground truth generation for the i2b2 medication challenge

PubMed Central

Solti, Imre; Xia, Fei; Cadag, Eithon

2010-01-01

Objective Within the context of the Third i2b2 Workshop on Natural Language Processing Challenges for Clinical Records, the authors (also referred to as ‘the i2b2 medication challenge team’ or ‘the i2b2 team’ for short) organized a community annotation experiment. Design For this experiment, the authors released annotation guidelines and a small set of annotated discharge summaries. They asked the participants of the Third i2b2 Workshop to annotate 10 discharge summaries per person; each discharge summary was annotated by two annotators from two different teams, and a third annotator from a third team resolved disagreements. Measurements In order to evaluate the reliability of the annotations thus produced, the authors measured community inter-annotator agreement and compared it with the inter-annotator agreement of expert annotators when both the community and the expert annotators generated ground truth based on pooled system outputs. For this purpose, the pool consisted of the three most densely populated automatic annotations of each record. The authors also compared the community inter-annotator agreement with expert inter-annotator agreement when the experts annotated raw records without using the pool. Finally, they measured the quality of the community ground truth by comparing it with the expert ground truth. Results and conclusions The authors found that the community annotators achieved comparable inter-annotator agreement to expert annotators, regardless of whether the experts annotated from the pool. Furthermore, the ground truth generated by the community obtained F-measures above 0.90 against the ground truth of the experts, indicating the value of the community as a source of high-quality ground truth even on intricate and domain-specific annotation tasks. PMID:20819855

[Biosynthesis of enniatin by washed cells of Fusarium sambucinum].

PubMed

Minasian, A E; Chermenskĭ, D N; Bezborodov, A M

1979-01-01

Biosynthesis of the depsipeptide membrane ionophore--enniatin B by the washed mycelium Fusarium sambucinum Fuck 52 377 was studied. Metabolic precursors of enniatin B, alpha-ketovaleric acid, 14C-L-valine, and 14CH3-methionine, were added to the system after starvation. The amino acid content in the metabolic pool increased 1.5 times after addition of alpha-ketovaleric acid, 2.2 times after that of valine, and 2.5 times after addition of methionine. 14C-L-valine and 14CH3-methionine were incorporated into the molecule of enniatin B. Valine methylation in the molecule occurred at the level of synthesized depsipeptide. Amino acids of the metabolic pool performed the regulatory function in the synthesis.

7 CFR 1000.9 - Handler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... § 1000.9 Handler. Handler means: (a) Any person who operates a pool plant or a nonpool plant. (b) Any person who receives packaged fluid milk products from a plant for resale and distribution to retail or... cream products from or to any pool or nonpool plant, and any person who by purchase or direction causes...

Optimal Test Design with Rule-Based Item Generation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geerlings, Hanneke; van der Linden, Wim J.; Glas, Cees A. W.

2013-01-01

Optimal test-design methods are applied to rule-based item generation. Three different cases of automated test design are presented: (a) test assembly from a pool of pregenerated, calibrated items; (b) test generation on the fly from a pool of calibrated item families; and (c) test generation on the fly directly from calibrated features defining…

26 CFR 1.263A-10 - Unit of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... road and clears the land for one house. Under the principles of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, each... project consisting of a condominium building and a common swimming pool that is not held for the..., and each story is occupied by a single condominium. Production of the swimming pool begins in January...

26 CFR 1.263A-10 - Unit of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... road and clears the land for one house. Under the principles of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, each... project consisting of a condominium building and a common swimming pool that is not held for the..., and each story is occupied by a single condominium. Production of the swimming pool begins in January...

26 CFR 1.263A-10 - Unit of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... road and clears the land for one house. Under the principles of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, each... project consisting of a condominium building and a common swimming pool that is not held for the..., and each story is occupied by a single condominium. Production of the swimming pool begins in January...

26 CFR 1.263A-10 - Unit of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... road and clears the land for one house. Under the principles of paragraph (b)(1) of this section, each... project consisting of a condominium building and a common swimming pool that is not held for the..., and each story is occupied by a single condominium. Production of the swimming pool begins in January...

[The Russian gene pool: gene geography of Alu-insertions (ACE, APOA1, B65, PV92 TPA25)].

PubMed

Solov'eva, D S; Balanovskaia, E V; Kuznetsova, M A; Vasinskaia, O A; Frolova, S A; Pocheshkhova, E A; Evseeva, I V; Boldyreva, M N; Balanovskiĭ, O P

2010-01-01

The analysis of five Alu insertion loci (ACE, AP4OA1, B65, PV92, TPA25) has been carried out for the first time in 10 Russian populations (1088 individuals), covered all parts of historical area of the Russian ethnos. Depending on locus, Russian populations exhibit similarity with their western (European populations) or with the eastern (populations of the Ural region) neighbors. Considering frequencies of the studied Alu-insertions, Russian gene pool exhibits low variation: average difference between populations is d = 0.007, whereas on classical markers, mtDNA and Y chromosome heterogeneity of Russian gene pool is essentially higher (0.013, 0.033 and 0.142 respectively). Therefore, this set of five Alu insertions has lower variability on the intra-ethnic level. However in inter-ethnic comparisons the clear pattern was obtained: 13 Eastern European ethnic groups formed three clusters, according with their historical and geographical position--East Slavic, Caucasian and South Ural clusters. The obtained data confirms efficiency of using Alu insertions for studying genetic differentiation and history of a gene pool of the Eastern European populations.

Multicenter evaluation of a commercial multiplex polymerase chain reaction test for screening plasma donations for parvovirus B19 DNA and hepatitis A virus RNA.

PubMed

Koppelman, Marco H G M; Cuijpers, H Theo M; Wessberg, Susanna; Valkeajärvi, Anne; Pichl, Lutz; Schottstedt, Volkmar; Saldanha, John

2012-07-01

Three European laboratories evaluated the TaqScreen DPX test (DPX test), a multiplex nucleic acid test assay for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA and the detection of hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA. The 95% limit of detection of the test for B19V and HAV was determined using the respective WHO International Standards. The reproducibility of the test was evaluated by testing replicate samples of B19V at log 4.0 and 40 IU/mL and HAV at 5 IU/mL. The accuracy of the DPX test for B19V was evaluated by replicate testing of B19V samples containing log 3.0, log 4.0, and log 5.0 IU/mL. Panels of B19V Genotypes 1, 2, and 3 and HAV genotypes were evaluated. Cross-contamination was evaluated. For comparison of the DPX test and the established tests, the sites tested plasma samples in pools of either 96 or 480 donations. The mean 95% lower limits of detection of the three laboratories for B19V and HAV were 20.30 and 1.85 IU/mL. The test showed good reproducibility with the major part of the variance of the test being attributed to intermediate assay variation. The test showed great accuracy for B19V, especially at log 4.0 IU/mL. Spiking of test pools of 480 donations and manufacturing pools with log 4.0 IU/mL B19 DNA and 4 IU/mL HAV RNA showed that the DPX assay was robust. The test was able to detect the three genotypes of B19V and HAV genotypes. No cross-contamination was seen. Test results of routine samples correlated well with those of the established tests. The DPX test is a robust and sensitive test for the detection of B19V and HAV in plasma samples. The quantitative B19V results obtained with the test are accurate, and the test is able to detect all the known genotypes of B19V and HAV and fulfills all the European Pharmacopoeia and Food and Drug Administration requirements for a B19V and HAV test for screening of plasma donations and samples from plasma pools for manufacture. © 2012 American Association of Blood Banks.

A Critical Policy Analysis of 'Teach for Bangladesh': A Travelling Policy Touches Down

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adhikary, Rino Wiseman; Lingard, Bob

2018-01-01

This paper provides a critical policy analysis and network ethnography of "Teach for Bangladesh" ("TfB"). We demonstrate that TfB is a localised version of a global teacher education policy--"Teach for All/America" ("TfAll/A"). Santos, Boaventura De Sousa [2002. "The Processes of Globalisation."…

Proceedings of the Association Supporting Computer Users in Education (ASCUE) Annual Conference (47th, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, June 8-12, 2014)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Peter, Ed.

2014-01-01

The Association Supporting Computer Users in Education (ASCUE) is a group of people interested in small college computing issues. It is a blend of people from all over the country who use computers in their teaching, academic support, and administrative support functions. ASCUE has a strong tradition of bringing its members together to pool their…

Teaching Potential Energy Functions and Stability with Slap Bracelets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Hook, Stephen J.

2005-10-01

The slap bracelet, an inexpensive child's toy, makes it easy to engage students in hands-on exploration of potential energy curves as well as of stable, unstable, and meta-stable states. Rather than just observing the teacher performing a demonstration, the students can manipulate the equipment themselves and make their own observations, which are then pooled to focus a class discussion on potential energy functions and stability.

Archimedes in Action

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vo, Phong T.

2013-11-01

Hands-on learning is very effective in teaching physical concepts to students. Applying the principles they learn to a real-life situation, students are more likely to retain this knowledge, especially when it is presented in a stimulating format. With this in mind, we present here a high school physics project in which students apply basic hydrostatics to construct corrugated cardboard boats capable of supporting two individuals across the length of a high school pool.

Proceedings of the Association Supporting Computer Users in Education (ASCUE) Annual Conference (48th, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, June 14-18, 2015)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Peter, Ed.

2015-01-01

The Association Supporting Computer Users in Education (ASCUE) is a group of people interested in small college computing issues. It is a blend of people from all over the country who use computers in their teaching, academic support, and administrative support functions. ASCUE has a strong tradition of bringing its members together to pool their…

Gd complexes of macrocyclic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) biphenyl-2,2'-bisamides as strong blood-pool magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.

PubMed

Jung, Ki-Hye; Kim, Hee-Kyung; Lee, Gang Ho; Kang, Duk-Sik; Park, Ji-Ae; Kim, Kyeong Min; Chang, Yongmin; Kim, Tae-Jeong

2011-08-11

We report the synthesis of macrocyclic DTPA conjugates of 2,2'-diaminobiphenyl and their Gd complexes of the type [Gd(L)(H(2)O)]·xH(2)O (2a,b; L = 1a,b) for use as new MRI blood-pool contrast agents (MRI BPCAs). Pharmacokinetic inertness of 2 compares well with those of analogous Gd-DTPA MRI CAs currently in use. The present system also shows very high stability in human serum. The R(1) relaxivity reaches 10.9 mM(-1) s(-1), which is approximately 3 times as high as that of structurally related Gd-DOTA (R(1) = 3.7 mM(-1) s(-1)). The R(1) relaxivity in HSA goes up to 37.2 mM(-1) s(-1), which is almost twice as high as that of MS-325, a leading BPCA, demonstrating a strong blood pool effect. The in vivo MR images of mice obtained with 2b are coherent, showing strong signal enhancement in heart, abdominal aorta, and small vessels. Even the brain tumor is vividly enhanced for an extended period of time. The structural uniqueness of 2 is that it is neutral in charge and thus makes no resort to electrostatic interaction, supposedly one of the essential factors for the blood-pool effect.

Pyridoxic acid excretion during low vitamin B-6 intake, total fasting, and bed rest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coburn, S. P.; Thampy, K. G.; Lane, H. W.; Conn, P. S.; Ziegler, P. J.; Costill, D. L.; Mahuren, J. D.; Fink, W. J.; Pearson, D. R.; Schaltenbrand, W. E.

1995-01-01

Vitamin B-6 metabolism in 10 volunteers during 21 d of total fasting was compared with results from 10 men consuming a diet low only in vitamin B-6 (1.76 mumol/d) and with men consuming a normal diet during bed rest. At the end of the fast mean plasma concentrations of vitamin B-6 metabolites and urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid tended to be higher in the fasting subjects than in the low-vitamin B-6 group. The fasting subjects lost approximately 10% of their total vitamin B-6 pool and approximately 13% of their body weight. The low-vitamin B-6 group lost only approximately 4% of their vitamin B-6 pool. Compared with baseline, urinary excretion of pyridoxic acid was significantly increased during 17 wk of bed rest. There was no increase in pyridoxic acid excretion during a second 15-d bed rest study. These data suggest the possibility of complex interactions between diet and muscle metabolism that may influence indexes that are frequently used to assess vitamin B-6 status.

7 CFR 1000.42 - Classification of transfers and diversions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... (a) Transfers and diversions to pool plants. Skim milk or butterfat transferred or diverted in the form of a fluid milk product or transferred in the form of a bulk fluid cream product from a pool plant... corresponding step of § 1000.44(b); (2) If the transferring plant received during the month other source milk to...

13 CFR 120.631 - Suspension or termination of Pool Assembler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Suspension or termination. The D/FA may suspend a Pool Assembler from operating in the Secondary Market for... its fitness to participate in the Secondary Market. (b) Suspension procedures. The D/FA shall notify a... chapter. The action of the D/FA shall remain in effect pending resolution of the appeal. (c) Notice of...

13 CFR 120.631 - Suspension or termination of Pool Assembler.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Suspension or termination. The D/FA may suspend a Pool Assembler from operating in the Secondary Market for... its fitness to participate in the Secondary Market. (b) Suspension procedures. The D/FA shall notify a... chapter. The action of the D/FA shall remain in effect pending resolution of the appeal. (c) Notice of...

Soil organic carbon dynamics across a nitrogen deposition gradient: application of the PnET-SOM model to northeastern forest ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tonitto, C.; Goodale, C. L.; Ollinger, S. V.; Jenkins, J.

2009-12-01

Anthropogenic forcing of the C and N cycles has caused rapid change in atmospheric CO2 and N deposition, with complex and uncertain effects on forest C and N balance. We developed the PnET-SOM model to enhance the model description of carbon and nitrogen coupling. Here we applied PnET-SOM to study changes to ecosystem carbon storage across a nitrogen deposition gradient. We designed the PnET-SOM model to: 1) represent SOM structured around measurable SOM pools, 2) expand simulated soil horizon complexity beyond the 1-box approach to hydrology and SOM structure used in PnET-CN, 3) model humified and mineral associated SOM using parameters derived from C14 field studies, and 4) couple C and N cycles to allow N-limitation of decomposition and plant growth. We explicitly modeled labile, biochemically recalcitrant (humified SOM), and physically-chemically protected (mineral associated SOM) C pools. These SOM pools are modeled in distinct soil horizons including: a forest floor, a mixed organic horizon, an A horizon, and a B horizon. Slow turnover pools of the A and B horizon constitute a significant proportion of SOC; explicitly modeling a deeper soil profile is important for estimating ecosystem SOC storage. In the latest version of PnET-SOM, we described N mineralization-immobilization in the forest floor based on equations derived in the LIDET synthesis study. Validation of the PnET-SOM model was conducted using 1) long-term water flux and nitrate leaching data from the Hubbard Brook LTER, 2) CO2 respiration observations from the Harvard Forest LTER, and 3) C and N stock and flux observations from the Harvard Forest LTER. In this work, we applied the PnET-SOM model to study the effects of an N deposition gradient on SOC dynamics over a 300 year simulation. We represented the effects of N deposition on litter decomposition by varying the exponential decay parameters of the litter layer based on observations from the Harvard Forest N addition experiment. We derived the change in limit value across the N deposition gradient simulated by applying a polynomial fit to limit values observed in the Harvard Forest N addition experimental plots. In PnET-SOM, changes in SOC dynamics under varying N deposition rates are derived from 1) change in litter decomposition rate, which directly affects OM inputs into soil pools, and 2) altered N availability which limits decomposition of OM throughout the soil profile. In our model application, the coarse woody debris pool decreased with increasing N deposition, while the forest floor pools increased. Relative to SOC pools under current N deposition rates at the Harvard Forest (8 gN/m2), deposition at a rate of 20 gN/m2 over a 300 year simulation resulted in a 3.4% increase in the O horizon humified SOC pool, a 2.3% increase in the A horizon humified SOC pool, a 1.3% increase in the A horizon mineral associated SOC pool, and a 0.14% increase in the B horizon mineral associated SOC pool.

The Science Teaching Self-Efficacy of Prospective Elementary Education Majors Enrolled in Introductory Geology Lab Sections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baldwin, Kathryn A.

2014-01-01

This study examined prospective elementary education majors' science teaching self-efficacy while they were enrolled in an introductory geology lab course for elementary education majors. The Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument Form B (STEBI-B) was administered during the first and last lab class sessions. Additionally, students were…

Regional variation in the biogeochemical and physical characteristics of natural peatland pools.

PubMed

Turner, T Edward; Billett, Michael F; Baird, Andy J; Chapman, Pippa J; Dinsmore, Kerry J; Holden, Joseph

2016-03-01

Natural open-water pools are a common feature of northern peatlands and are known to be an important source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Pool environmental variables, particularly water chemistry, vegetation community and physical characteristics, have the potential to exert strong controls on carbon cycling in pools. A total of 66 peatland pools were studied across three regions of the UK (northern Scotland, south-west Scotland, and Northern Ireland). We found that within-region variability of pool water chemistry was low; however, for many pool variables measured there were significant differences between regions. PCA analysis showed that pools in SW Scotland were strongly associated with greater vegetative cover and shallower water depth which is likely to increase dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mineralisation rates, whereas pools in N Scotland were more open and deeper. Pool water DOC, particulate organic carbon and dissolved CH4 concentrations were significantly different between regions. Pools in Northern Ireland had the highest concentrations of DOC (mean=14.5 mg L(-1)) and CH4 (mean=20.6 μg C L(-1)). Chloride and sulphate concentrations were significantly higher in the pools in N Scotland (mean values 26.3 and 2.40 mg L(-1), respectively) than elsewhere, due to a stronger marine influence. The ratio of UV absorbance at 465 nm to absorbance at 665 nm for pools in Northern Ireland indicated that DOC was sourced from poorly humified peat, potentially increasing the bioavailability and mineralisation of organic carbon in pools compared to the pools elsewhere. This study, which specifically aims to address a lack of basic biogeochemical knowledge about pool water chemistry, clearly shows that peatland pools are highly regionally variable. This is likely to be a reflection of significant regional-scale differences in peatland C cycling. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative evaluation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) drugs for boron delivery and retention at subcellular scale resolution in human glioblastoma cells with imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)

PubMed Central

Chandra, S.; Ahmad, T.; Barth, R. F.; Kabalka, G. W.

2014-01-01

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of cancer depends on the selective delivery of a sufficient number of boron-10 (10B) atoms to individual tumor cells. Cell killing results from the 10B (n, α)7Li neutron capture and fission reactions that occur if a sufficient number of 10B atoms are localized in the tumor cells. Intranuclear 10B localization enhances the efficiency of cell killing via damage to the DNA. The net cellular content of 10B atoms reflects both bound and free pools of boron in individual tumor cells. The assessment of these pools, delivered by a boron delivery agent, currently cannot be made at subcellular scale resolution by clinically applicable techniques such as PET and MRI. In this study, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) based imaging instrument, a CAMECA IMS 3f ion microscope, capable of 500 nm spatial resolution was employed. Cryogenically prepared cultured human T98G glioblastoma cells were evaluated for boron uptake and retention of two delivery agents. The first, L-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA), has been used clinically for BNCT of high grade gliomas, recurrent tumors of the head and neck region and melanomas. The second, a boron analogue of an unnatural amino acid, 1-amino-3-borono-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis-ABCPC), has been studied in rodent glioma and melanoma models by quantification of boron in the nucleus and cytoplasm of individual tumor cells. The bound and free pools of boron were assessed by exposure of cells to boron-free nutrient medium. Both BPA and cis-ABCPC delivered almost 70% of the pool of boron in the free or loosely bound form to the nucleus and cytoplasm of human glioblastoma cells. This free pool of boron could be easily mobilized out of the cell and was in some sort of equilibrium with extracellular boron. In the case of BPA, the intracellular free pool of boron also was affected by the presence of phenylalanine in the nutrient medium. This suggests that it might be advantageous if patients were placed on a low phenylalanine diet prior to the initiation of BNCT. Since BPA currently is used clinically for BNCT, our observations may have direct relevance to future clinical studies utilizing this agent and provides support for individualized treatment planning regimens rather than the use of fixed BPA infusion protocols. PMID:24684609

Quantitative evaluation of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) drugs for boron delivery and retention at subcellular-scale resolution in human glioblastoma cells with imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

PubMed

Chandra, S; Ahmad, T; Barth, R F; Kabalka, G W

2014-06-01

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of cancer depends on the selective delivery of a sufficient number of boron-10 ((10)B) atoms to individual tumour cells. Cell killing results from the (10)B (n, α)(7) Li neutron capture and fission reactions that occur if a sufficient number of (10)B atoms are localized in the tumour cells. Intranuclear (10)B localization enhances the efficiency of cell killing via damage to the DNA. The net cellular content of (10)B atoms reflects both bound and free pools of boron in individual tumour cells. The assessment of these pools, delivered by a boron delivery agent, currently cannot be made at subcellular-scale resolution by clinically applicable techniques such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, a secondary ion mass spectrometry based imaging instrument, a CAMECA IMS 3f ion microscope, capable of 500 nm spatial resolution was employed. Cryogenically prepared cultured human T98G glioblastoma cells were evaluated for boron uptake and retention of two delivery agents. The first, L-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA), has been used clinically for BNCT of high-grade gliomas, recurrent tumours of the head and neck region and melanomas. The second, a boron analogue of an unnatural amino acid, 1-amino-3-borono-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cis-ABCPC), has been studied in rodent glioma and melanoma models by quantification of boron in the nucleus and cytoplasm of individual tumour cells. The bound and free pools of boron were assessed by exposure of cells to boron-free nutrient medium. Both BPA and cis-ABCPC delivered almost 70% of the pool of boron in the free or loosely bound form to the nucleus and cytoplasm of human glioblastoma cells. This free pool of boron could be easily mobilized out of the cell and was in some sort of equilibrium with extracellular boron. In the case of BPA, the intracellular free pool of boron also was affected by the presence of phenylalanine in the nutrient medium. This suggests that it might be advantageous if patients were placed on a low phenylalanine diet prior to the initiation of BNCT. Since BPA currently is used clinically for BNCT, our observations may have direct relevance to future clinical studies utilizing this agent and provides support for individualized treatment planning regimens rather than the use of fixed BPA infusion protocols. © 2014 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2014 Royal Microscopical Society.

An Example of a Laboratory Teaching Experience in a Professional Year (Plan B) Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, P. J.; And Others

1978-01-01

A laboratory teaching experience (L.T.E.) was designed to focus on three teaching behaviors. It was recognized that a behavioral approach to teaching simplified its complexity by isolating specific teaching behaviors. Discusses the development and evaluation of the laboratory teaching experience. (Author/RK)

The study of flavonolignan association patterns in fruits of diverging Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. chemotypes provides new insights into the silymarin biosynthetic pathway.

PubMed

Martinelli, Tommaso; Whittaker, Anne; Benedettelli, Stefano; Carboni, Andrea; Andrzejewska, Jadwiga

2017-12-01

Silymarin is the phytochemical with medicinal properties extracted from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. fruits. Yet, little information is available about silymarin biosynthesis. Moreover, the generally accepted pathway, formulated thus far, is not in agreement with actual experimental measurements on flavonolignan contents. The present work analyses flavonolignan and taxifolin content in 201 S. marianum samples taking into consideration a wide phenotypic variability. Two stable chemotypes were identified: one characterized by both high silychristin and silybin content (chemotype A) and another by a high silydianin content (chemotype B). Through the correlation analysis of samples divided according to chemotype, it was possible to construct a simplified silymarin biosynthetic pathway that is sufficiently versatile in explaining experimental results responding to the actually unresolved questions about this process. The proposed pathway highlights that three separate and equally sized metabolite pools exist, namely: diastereoisomers A (silybin A plus isosilybin A), diastereoisomers B (silybin B plus isosilybin B) and silychristin. In both A and B diastereoisomers pools, isosilybin A and isosilybin B always represent a given amount of the metabolite flux through the specific metabolite pool suggesting the possible involvement of dirigent protein-like enzymes. We suggest that chemotype B possesses a complete silymarin biosynthetic pathway in which silydianin biosynthesis is enzymatically controlled. On the contrary, chemotype A is probably a natural mutant unable to biosynthesize silydianin. The present simplified pathway for silymarin biosynthesis will constitute an important tool for the further understanding of the reactions that drive flavonolignan biosynthesis in S. marianum. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of HLA B*5701 genotyping in preventing abacavir hypersensitivity.

PubMed

Hughes, Dyfrig A; Vilar, F Javier; Ward, Charlotte C; Alfirevic, Ana; Park, B Kevin; Pirmohamed, Munir

2004-06-01

Abacavir, a human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) nucleoside-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor, causes severe hypersensitivity in 4-8% of patients. HLA B*5701 is a known genetic risk factor for abacavir hypersensitivity in Caucasians. Our aim was to confirm the presence of this genetic factor in our patients, and to determine whether genotyping for HLA B*5701 would be a cost-effective use of healthcare resources. Patients with and without abacavir hypersensitivity were identified from a UK HIV clinic. Patients were genotyped for HLA B*5701, and pooled data used for calculation of test characteristics. The cost-effectiveness analysis incorporated the cost of testing, cost of treating abacavir hypersensitivity, and the cost and selection of alternative antiretroviral regimens. A probabilistic decision analytic model (comparing testing versus no testing) was formulated and Monte Carlo simulations performed. Of the abacavir hypersensitive patients, six (46%) were HLA B*5701 positive, compared to five (10%) of the non-hypersensitive patients (odds ratio 7.9 [95% confidence intervals 1.5-41.4], P = 0.006). Pooling of our data on HLA B*5701 with published data resulted in a pooled odds ratio of 29 (95% CI 6.4-132.3; P < 0.0001). The cost-effectiveness model demonstrated that depending on the choice of comparator, routine testing for HLA B*5701 ranged from being a dominant strategy (less expensive and more beneficial than not testing) to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (versus no testing) of Euro 22,811 per hypersensitivity reaction avoided. Abacavir hypersensitivity is associated with HLA B*5701, and pre-prescription pharmacogenetic testing for this appears to be a cost-effective use of healthcare resources.

Screening for residual disease in pediatric burkitt lymphoma using consensus primer pools.

PubMed

Agsalda, Melissa; Kusao, Ian; Troelstrup, David; Shiramizu, Bruce

2009-01-01

Assessing molecular persistent or minimal residual disease (PD/MRD) in childhood Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is challenging because access to original tumor is usually needed to design patient-specific primers (PSPs). Because BL is characterized by rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgV(H)) genes, IgV(H) primer pools from IgV(H1)-IgV(H7) regions were tested to detect PD/MRD, thus eliminating the need for original tumor. The focus of the current study was to assess the feasibility of using IgV(H) primer pools to detect disease in clinical specimens. Fourteen children diagnosed with B-NHL had follow-up repository specimens available to assess PD/MRD. Of the 14 patients, 12 were PD/MRD negative after 2 months of therapy and remained in remission at the end of therapy; 2/14 patients were PD/MRD positive at 2-3 months and later relapsed. PSP-based assays from these 14 patients showed 100% concordance with the current assay. This feasibility study warrants further investigation to assess PD/MRD using IgV(H) primer pools, which could have clinical significance as a real-time assessment tool to monitor pediatric BL and possibly other B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma therapy.

Effects of climate and soil properties on U.S. home lawn soil organic carbon concentration and pool.

PubMed

Selhorst, Adam; Lal, Rattan

2012-12-01

Following turfgrass establishment, soils sequester carbon (C) over time. However, the magnitude of this sequestration may be influenced by a range of climatic and soil factors. Analysis of home lawn turfgrass soils throughout the United States indicated that both climatic and soil properties significantly affected the soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration and pool to 15-cm depth. Soil sampling showed that the mean annual temperature (MAT) was negatively correlated with SOC concentration. Additionally, a nonlinear interaction was observed between mean annual precipitation (MAP) and SOC concentration with optimal sequestration occurring in soils receiving 60-70 cm of precipitation per year. Furthermore, soil properties also influenced SOC concentration. Soil nitrogen (N) had a high positive correlation with SOC concentration, as a 0.1 % increase in N concentration led to a 0.99 % increase in SOC concentration. Additionally, soil bulk density (ρ(b)) had a curvilinear interaction with SOC concentration, with an increase in ρ(b) indicating a positive effect on SOC concentration until a ρ(b) of ~1.4-1.5 Mg m(-3) was attained, after which, inhibition of SOC sequestration occurred. Finally, no correlation between SOC concentration or pool was observed with texture. Based upon these results, highest SOC pools within this study are observed in regions of low MAT, moderate MAP (60-70 cm year(-1)), high soil N concentration, and moderate ρ(b) (1.4-1.5 Mg m(-3)). In order to maximize the C storage capacity of home lawns, non C-intensive management practices should be used to maintain soils within these conditions.

Teaching musculoskeletal clinical skills to medical trainees and physicians: a Best Evidence in Medical Education systematic review of strategies and their effectiveness: BEME Guide No. 18.

PubMed

O'Dunn-Orto, Alexandra; Hartling, Lisa; Campbell, Sandra; Oswald, Anna E

2012-01-01

Musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints make up 12-20% of primary health visits and are a source of significant expenditures and morbidity. Despite this, MSK examination is an area of weakness among practising physicians. Several studies have highlighted the need for increased MSK physical exam teaching. However, increased teaching time alone does not guarantee improvement in these skills. Thus, we aimed to identify interventions that are effective in promoting transfer of MSK clinical skills. The review protocol was approved by the Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) organization. A comprehensive search was conducted and systematic review methods were applied. Data were not pooled statistically due to heterogeneity. About 5089 titles were screened; 24 studies were included. Eighteen of 24 studies focused on undergraduate medical education. Five of nine studies favoured patient educator. Five of six studies favoured interactive small groups, two of four studies favoured computer-assisted learning, and two of two studies favoured peer learning. Individual studies demonstrated effectiveness of reminder sheets and Gait Arms Legs Spine teaching, respectively. This study supports the use of different instructional methods that engage learners and provide meaningful learning contexts. The majority of the studies support patient educators and interactive small group teaching.

[Exploration of the concept of genetic drift in genetics teaching of undergraduates].

PubMed

Wang, Chun-ming

2016-01-01

Genetic drift is one of the difficulties in teaching genetics due to its randomness and probability which could easily cause conceptual misunderstanding. The “sampling error" in its definition is often misunderstood because of the research method of “sampling", which disturbs the results and causes the random changes in allele frequency. I analyzed and compared the definitions of genetic drift in domestic and international genetic textbooks, and found that the definitions containing “sampling error" are widely adopted but are interpreted correctly in only a few textbooks. Here, the history of research on genetic drift, i.e., the contributions of Wright, Fisher and Kimura, is introduced. Moreover, I particularly describe two representative articles recently published about genetic drift teaching of undergraduates, which point out that misconceptions are inevitable for undergraduates during the studying process and also provide a preliminary solution. Combined with my own teaching practice, I suggest that the definition of genetic drift containing “sampling error" can be adopted with further interpretation, i.e., “sampling error" is random sampling among gametes when generating the next generation of alleles which is equivalent to a random sampling of all gametes participating in mating in gamete pool and has no relationship with artificial sampling in general genetics studies. This article may provide some help in genetics teaching.

Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review.

PubMed

Carter, Rhys A A; Joll, Cynthia A

2017-08-01

Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease; however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions (sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant. Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool. The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo- and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant. This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

26 CFR 1.23-3 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... expenditures on solar energy property for B's principal residence. Approximately 60 percent of the use of the solar energy property will be for heating B's swimming pool; the other 40 percent will be for heating... use of B's solar energy property is considered used for personal residential purposes. Therefore, only...

26 CFR 1.23-3 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... expenditures on solar energy property for B's principal residence. Approximately 60 percent of the use of the solar energy property will be for heating B's swimming pool; the other 40 percent will be for heating... use of B's solar energy property is considered used for personal residential purposes. Therefore, only...

26 CFR 1.23-3 - Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... expenditures on solar energy property for B's principal residence. Approximately 60 percent of the use of the solar energy property will be for heating B's swimming pool; the other 40 percent will be for heating... use of B's solar energy property is considered used for personal residential purposes. Therefore, only...

Minimal Disease Assessment in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Intermediate-Risk (Stage III/IV) B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Children’s Oncology Group Report

PubMed Central

Shiramizu, Bruce; Goldman, Stanton; Kusao, Ian; Agsalda, Melissa; Lynch, James; Smith, Lynette; Harrison, Lauren; Morris, Erin; Gross, Thomas G.; Sanger, Warren; Perkins, Sherrie; Cairo, Mitchell S.

2011-01-01

Summary Children/adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) have an excellent prognosis but relapses still occur. While chromosomal aberrations and/or clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements may indicate risk of failure, a more universal approach was developed to detect minimal disease (MD). Children/adolescents with intermediate-risk B-NHL were treated with French-British-American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 (FAB/LMB96) B4 modified chemotherapy and rituximab. Specimens from diagnosis, end of induction (EOI), and end of therapy (EOT) were assayed for MD. Initial specimens were screened for IGHV family usage with primer pools followed by individual primers to identify MD. Thirty-two diagnostic/staging specimens screened positive with primer pools and unique IGHV family primers were identified. Two patients relapsed; first relapse (4 months from diagnosis) was MD-positive at EOI, the second (36 months from diagnosis) was MD-positive at EOT. At EOI, recurrent rates were similar between the MRD-positive and MRD-negative patients (p=0.40). At EOT, only 13/32 patients had MRD data available with 1 relapse in the MRD-positive group and no recurrences in the MRD-negative group (p=0.077). The study demonstrated molecular-disseminated disease in which IgIGHV primer pools could be used to assess MD. This feasibility study supports future investigations to assess the validity and significance of MD screening in a larger cohort of patients with intermediate-risk mature B-NHL. PMID:21496005

Minimal disease assessment in the treatment of children and adolescents with intermediate-risk (Stage III/IV) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a children's oncology group report.

PubMed

Shiramizu, Bruce; Goldman, Stanton; Kusao, Ian; Agsalda, Melissa; Lynch, James; Smith, Lynette; Harrison, Lauren; Morris, Erin; Gross, Thomas G; Sanger, Warren; Perkins, Sherrie; Cairo, Mitchell S

2011-06-01

Children/adolescents with mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) have an excellent prognosis but relapses still occur. While chromosomal aberrations and/or clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements may indicate risk of failure, a more universal approach was developed to detect minimal disease (MD). Children/adolescents with intermediate-risk B-NHL were treated with French-British-American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 (FAB/LMB96) B4 modified chemotherapy and rituximab. Specimens from diagnosis, end of induction (EOI), and end of therapy (EOT) were assayed for MD. Initial specimens were screened for IGHV family usage with primer pools followed by individual primers to identify MD. Thirty-two diagnostic/staging specimens screened positive with primer pools and unique IGHV family primers were identified. Two patients relapsed; first relapse (4 months from diagnosis) was MD-positive at EOI, the second (36 months from diagnosis) was MD-positive at EOT. At EOI, recurrent rates were similar between the MRD-positive and MRD-negative patients (P = 0·40). At EOT, only 13/32 patients had MRD data available with one relapse in the MRD-positive group and no recurrences in the MRD-negative group (P = 0·077). The study demonstrated molecular-disseminated disease in which IgIGHV primer pools could be used to assess MD. This feasibility study supports future investigations to assess the validity and significance of MD screening in a larger cohort of patients with intermediate-risk mature B-NHL. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The role of deep convection and nocturnal low-level jets for dust emission in summertime West Africa: Estimates from convection-permitting simulations

PubMed Central

Heinold, B; Knippertz, P; Marsham, JH; Fiedler, S; Dixon, NS; Schepanski, K; Laurent, B; Tegen, I

2013-01-01

[1] Convective cold pools and the breakdown of nocturnal low-level jets (NLLJs) are key meteorological drivers of dust emission over summertime West Africa, the world’s largest dust source. This study is the first to quantify their relative contributions and physical interrelations using objective detection algorithms and an off-line dust emission model applied to convection-permitting simulations from the Met Office Unified Model. The study period covers 25 July to 02 September 2006. All estimates may therefore vary on an interannual basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) approximately 40% of the dust emissions are from NLLJs, 40% from cold pools, and 20% from unidentified processes (dry convection, land-sea and mountain circulations); (b) more than half of the cold-pool emissions are linked to a newly identified mechanism where aged cold pools form a jet above the nocturnal stable layer; (c) 50% of the dust emissions occur from 1500 to 0200 LT with a minimum around sunrise and after midday, and 60% of the morning-to-noon emissions occur under clear skies, but only 10% of the afternoon-to-nighttime emissions, suggesting large biases in satellite retrievals; (d) considering precipitation and soil moisture effects, cold-pool emissions are reduced by 15%; and (e) models with parameterized convection show substantially less cold-pool emissions but have larger NLLJ contributions. The results are much more sensitive to whether convection is parameterized or explicit than to the choice of the land-surface characterization, which generally is a large source of uncertainty. This study demonstrates the need of realistically representing moist convection and stable nighttime conditions for dust modeling. Citation: Heinold, B., P. Knippertz, J. H. Marsham, S. Fiedler, N. S. Dixon, K. Schepanski, B. Laurent, and I. Tegen (2013), The role of deep convection and nocturnal low-level jets for dust emission in summertime West Africa: Estimates from convection-permitting simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 4385–4400, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50402. PMID:25893153

A + (B[subscript 1]) Professor--student Rapport + (B[subscript 2]) Humor + (B[subscript 3]) Student Engagement = (Y) Student Ratings of Instructors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richmond, Aaron S.; Berglund, Majken B.; Epelbaum, Vadim B.; Klein, Eric M.

2015-01-01

Teaching effectiveness is often evaluated through student ratings of instruction (SRI). Research suggests that there are many potential factors that can predict student's perceptions of teaching effectiveness such as professor-student rapport, student engagement, and perceived humor of the instructor. Therefore, we sought to assess whether…

THE FIRST BOOK OF TEACHING MACHINES.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EPSTEIN, SAM; EPSTEIN, BERYL

THE FIRST TEACHING MACHINE WAS INVENTED IN THE 1920'S BY SIDNEY L. PRESSEY AND THE FIRST MODERN TEACHING MACHINE WAS DEVELOPED AND POPULARIZED IN THE EARLY 1930'S BY B.F. SKINNER. TODAY BUSINESSMEN AND INDUSTRIALISTS AS WELL AS EDUCATORS HAVE FOUND TEACHING MACHINES USEFUL. ACTUALLY, TEACHING IS ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH THE PROGRAM, A CAREFULLY…

Concept Teaching in Instrumental Music Education: A Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tan, Leonard

2017-01-01

This article is a review of research literature on the teaching of concepts in instrumental music education. It is organized in four parts (a) the value of concept teaching in large instrumental ensembles, (b) time spent teaching concepts during rehearsals, (c) approaches to concept teaching, and (d) implications for music education. Research has…

Economical Sponge Phantom for Teaching, Understanding, and Researching A- and B-Line Reverberation Artifacts in Lung Ultrasound.

PubMed

Blüthgen, Christian; Sanabria, Sergio; Frauenfelder, Thomas; Klingmüller, Volker; Rominger, Marga

2017-10-01

This project evaluated a low-cost sponge phantom setup for its capability to teach and study A- and B-line reverberation artifacts known from lung ultrasound and to numerically simulate sound wave interaction with the phantom using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model. Both A- and B-line artifacts were reproducible on B-mode ultrasound imaging as well as in the FDTD-based simulation. The phantom was found to be an easy-to-set up and economical tool for understanding, teaching, and researching A- and B-line artifacts occurring in lung ultrasound. The FDTD method-based simulation was able to reproduce the artifacts and provides intuitive insight into the underlying physics. © 2017 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

Modification of CMV DNA detection from dried blood spots for diagnosing congenital CMV infection.

PubMed

Binda, Sandro; Caroppo, Simona; Didò, Patrizia; Primache, Valeria; Veronesi, Licia; Calvario, Agata; Piana, Andrea; Barbi, Maria

2004-07-01

Detection of viral DNA in dried blood spots using the Guthrie card (DBS test) is a reliable and practical method of diagnosing congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The test lends itself to epidemiological studies to establish the prevalence of the infection, but also to neonatal screening for secondary prevention of sequelae. These applications would be facilitated if it were possible to use smaller samples and do the test on pools of individual cases. To ascertain whether doing the test on smaller, pooled samples still accurately identifies neonates with congenital CMV infection. We tested DBS from: (A) 39 laboratory reference cases; (B) 156 neonates suspected of having congenital CMV infection; (C) 119 children examined for the retrospective diagnosis of congenital CMV; (D) mock specimens prepared with known amounts of viral DNA. The test using only one third of the usual amount of dried blood was 100% sensitive and specific compared to the standard DBS test (A) and to viral isolation (A and B). Pools of three single cases gave the same results as viral isolation (B) and the small-sample test (B and C). All the versions of the test gave a detection limit of 400 copies/ml. The modified procedure can accurately diagnose congenital CMV infection. It achieves savings in both the patient material and the costs of testing.

Local structuring factors of invertebrate communities in ephemeral freshwater rock pools and the influence of more permanent water bodies in the region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jocque, M.; Graham, T.; Brendonck, L.

2007-01-01

We used three isolated clusters of small ephemeral rock pools on a sandstone flat in Utah to test the importance of local structuring processes on aquatic invertebrate communities. In the three clusters we characterized all ephemeral rock pools (total: 27) for their morphometry, and monitored their water quality, hydrology and community assemblage during a full hydrocycle. In each cluster we also sampled a set of more permanent interconnected freshwater systems positioned in a wash, draining the water from each cluster of rock pools. This design allowed additional testing for the potential role of more permanent water bodies in the region as source populations for the active dispersers and the effect on the community structure in the rock pools. Species richness and community composition in the rock pools correlated with level of permanence and the ammonia concentration. The length of the rock pool inundation cycle shaped community structure, most probably by inhibiting colonization by some taxa (e.g. tadpoles and insect larvae) through developmental constraints. The gradient in ammonia concentrations probably reflects differences in primary production. The more permanent water bodies in each wash differed both environmentally and in community composition from the connected set of rock pools. A limited set of active dispersers was observed in the rock pools. Our findings indicate that aquatic invertebrate communities in the ephemeral rock pools are mainly structured through habitat permanence, possibly linked with biotic interactions and primary production. ?? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Effectiveness of Mathematics Teaching and Learning Experiences through Wireless Technology as Recent Style to Enhance B.Ed. Trainees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joan, D. R. Robert

2015-01-01

The objective of the study was to find out the effect of learning through Wireless technologies and the traditional method in teaching and learning Mathematics. The investigator adopted experimental research to find the effectiveness of implementing Wireless technologies in the population of B.Ed. trainees. The investigator selected 32 B.Ed.…

Real Lives, Relevant Texts: A Survey of B2G Children's Counternarratives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Danné E.

2017-01-01

In recent years, natal males' assertions of being girls born in the wrong body have been unwelcome in elementary scholastic contexts. Several reasons call for individuals who teach or plan to teach young children to know about boy-to-girl (B2G) performance counternarratives. First, there is increasing visibility of B2G lives among elementary…

Changes in Preservice Elementary Teachers' Personal Science Teaching Efficacy and Science Teaching Outcome Expectancies: The Influence of Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hechter, Richard P.

2011-01-01

This study investigated contextual changes in perceptions of science teaching self-efficacy through pre-, post- and retrospective administrations of the Science Teaching Expectancy Belief Instrument (STEBI-B) among preservice elementary teachers when exposed to a science teaching methods course. Findings revealed that the number of postsecondary…

Issues of teaching science to nurses in the tertiary sector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strube, Paul

1991-12-01

The shift of nurse education from the hospitals to higher education institutions has resulted in a large pool of students within the Universities requiring basic science instruction. Most of these students are female, often mature age, with limited science backgrounds. This paper discusses the type of science education demanded by the nursing profession, the view of science as a subject held by these students, and the key role played by constructivist thinking in dealing with both of these.

Vitamins and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

PubMed

Takagi, Hisato; Umemoto, Takuya

2017-02-01

To summarize the association of vitamins (B6, B12, C, D, and E) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), we reviewed clinical studies with a comprehensive literature research and meta-analytic estimates. To identify all clinical studies evaluating the association of vitamins B6/B12/C/D/E and AAA, databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through April 2015, using Web-based search engines (PubMed and OVID). For each case-control study, data regarding vitamin levels in both the AAA and control groups were used to generate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pooled analyses of the 4 case-control studies demonstrated significantly lower circulating vitamin B6 levels (SMD, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.11; P=0.003) but non-significantly lower vitamin B12 levels (SMD, -0.42; 95% CI, -1.09 to 0.25; P=0.22) in patients with AAA than subjects without AAA. Pooled analyses of the 2 case-control studies demonstrated significantly lower levels of circulating vitamins C (SMD, -0.71; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.19; P=0.007) and E (SMD, -1.76; 95% CI, -2.93 to 0.60; P=0.003) in patients with AAA than subjects without AAA. Another pooled analysis of the 3 case-control studies demonstrated significantly lower circulating vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels (SMD, -0.25; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.01; P=0.04) in patients with AAA than subjects without AAA. In a double-blind controlled trial, 4.0-year treatment with a high-dose folic acid and vitamin B6/B12 multivitamin in kidney transplant recipients did not reduce a rate of AAA repair despite significant reduction in homocysteine level. In another randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 5.8-year supplementation with α-tocopherol (vitamin E) had no preventive effect on large AAA among male smokers. In clinical setting, although low circulating vitamins B6/C/D/E (not B12) levels are associated with AAA presence, vitamins B6/B12/E supplementation may not reduce AAA incidence.

76 FR 72950 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Use of Nucleic Acid Tests on Pooled and Individual Samples From...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-28

... Hepatitis B Virus AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug... Risk of Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Requalification of Donors Who Test HBV NAT...-licensed nucleic acid tests (NAT) to screen blood donors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid...

77 FR 68133 - Guidance for Industry: Use of Nucleic Acid Tests on Pooled and Individual Samples From Donors of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

... Blood and Blood Components, Including Source Plasma, To Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Hepatitis B... Components, including Source Plasma, to Reduce the Risk of Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus,'' dated October... (NAT) to screen blood donors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and...

The Historical Evolution of Educational Software.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Troutner, Joanne

This paper establishes the roots of computers and automated teaching in the field of psychology and describes Dr. S. L. Pressey's presentation of the teaching machine; B. F. Skinner's teaching machine; Meyer's steps in composing a program for the automated teaching machine; IBM's beginning research on automated courses and the development of the…

34 CFR 686.4 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... participate in the TEACH Grant program. (b) If an institution begins participation in the TEACH Grant program... subsequent payment period. (c) If an institution ceases to participate in the TEACH Grant program or becomes ineligible to participate in the TEACH Grant program during an award year, a student who was attending the...

34 CFR 686.4 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... participate in the TEACH Grant program. (b) If an institution begins participation in the TEACH Grant program... subsequent payment period. (c) If an institution ceases to participate in the TEACH Grant program or becomes ineligible to participate in the TEACH Grant program during an award year, a student who was attending the...

34 CFR 686.4 - Institutional participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... participate in the TEACH Grant program. (b) If an institution begins participation in the TEACH Grant program... subsequent payment period. (c) If an institution ceases to participate in the TEACH Grant program or becomes ineligible to participate in the TEACH Grant program during an award year, a student who was attending the...

Occult HBV infection in HIV-infected adults and evaluation of pooled NAT for HBV.

PubMed

Dinesha, T R; Boobalan, J; Sivamalar, S; Subashini, D; Solomon, S S; Murugavel, K G; Balakrishnan, P; Smith, D M; Saravanan, S

2018-06-01

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV-infected persons and to evaluate the use of a pooling strategy to detect occult HBV infection in the setting of HIV infection. Five hundred and two HIV-positive individuals were tested for HBV, occult HBV and hepatitis C and D with serologic and nucleic acid testing (NAT). We also evaluated a pooled NAT strategy for screening occult HBV infection among the HIV-positive individuals. The prevalence of HBV infection among HIV-positive individuals was 32 (6.4%), and occult HBV prevalence was 10%. The pooling HBV NAT had a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 100%, compared to HBV DNA NAT of individual samples. In conclusion, this study found a high prevalence of occult HBV infection among our HIV-infected population. We also demonstrated that pooled HBV NAT is highly specific, moderately sensitive and cost-effective. As conventional HBV viral load assays are expensive in resource-limited settings such as India, pooled HBV DNA NAT might be a good way for detecting occult HBV infection and will reduce HBV-associated complications. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Teaching and Learning Sport Education: A Self-Study Exploring the Experiences of a Teacher Educator and Pre-Service Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hordvik, Mats M.; MacPhail, Ann; Ronglan, Lars T.

2017-01-01

Purpose: In this study, we articulate and share our knowledge and understanding of teaching and learning Sport Education in physical education teacher education (PETE): (a) How did the PETE faculty member experience teaching about teaching Sport Education? and (b) How did the PSTs experience learning about teaching Sport Education? Method: One…

Exploring the Impact of TeachME™ Lab Virtual Classroom Teaching Simulation on Early Childhood Education Majors' Self-Efficacy Beliefs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bautista, Nazan Uludag; Boone, William J.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a mixed-reality teaching environment, called TeachME™ Lab (TML), on early childhood education majors' science teaching self-efficacy beliefs. Sixty-two preservice early childhood teachers participated in the study. Analysis of the quantitative (STEBI-b) and qualitative (journal entries)…

Molecular identification of Theileria and Babesia in ticks collected from sheep and goats in the Black Sea region of Turkey.

PubMed

Aydin, Mehmet Fatih; Aktas, Munir; Dumanli, Nazir

2015-01-01

A molecular survey was undertaken in the Black Sea region of Turkey to determine the presence of Theileria and Babesia species of medical and veterinary importance. The ticks were removed from sheep and goats, pooled according to species and locations, and analyzed by PCR-based reverse line blot (RLB) and sequencing. A total of 2241 ixodid ticks belonging to 5 genus and 12 species were collected and divided into 310 pools. Infection rates were calculated as the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of the 310 pools tested, 46 (14.83%) were found to be infected with Theileria or Babesia species, and the overall MLE of the infection rate was calculated as 2.27% (CI 1.67-2.99). The MLE of the infection rates were calculated as 0.691% (CI 0.171-1.78) in Haemaphysalis parva, 1.47% (CI 0.081-6.37) in Rhipicephalus sanguineus, 1.84% (CI 0.101-7.87) in Ixodes ricinus, 2.86% (CI 1.68-4.48) in Rhipicephalus turanicus, 5.57% (CI 0.941-16.3) in Hyalomma marginatum, and 6.2% (CI 4.02-9.02) in Rhipicephalus bursa. Pathogens identified in ticks included Theileria ovis, Babesia ovis, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia microti. Most tick pools were infected with a single pathogen. However, five pools displayed mixed infections with T. ovis and B. ovis. This study provides the first molecular evidence for the presence of B. microti in ticks in Turkey.

The binding capability of plasma phospholipid transfer protein, but not HDL pool size, is critical to repress LPS induced inflammation.

PubMed

Yu, Yang; Cui, Yingjie; Zhao, Yanan; Liu, Shuai; Song, Guohua; Jiao, Peng; Li, Bin; Luo, Tian; Guo, Shoudong; Zhang, Xiangjian; Wang, Hao; Jiang, Xian-Cheng; Qin, Shucun

2016-02-09

Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) participates in high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Increased plasma PLTP activity was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered acute inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine the exact role of PLTP in LPS induced inflammation. HDL pool size was shrunk both in PLTP deficient mice (PLTP-/-) and PLTP transgenic mice (PLTP-Tg). PLTP displayed a strong protective effect on lethal endotoxemia in mice survival study. Furthermore, after LPS stimulation, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) from PLTP-/-, while decreased in BMDM from PLTP-Tg compared with BMDM from wild-type mice (WT). Moreover, LPS induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) activation was enhanced in PLTP-/- BMDM or PLTP knockdown RAW264.7. Conversely, PLTP overexpression countered the NFκB activation in LPS challenged BMDM. Additionally, the activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) induced by LPS showed no alteration in PLTP-/- BMDM. Finally, PLTP could bind to LPS, attenuate the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS, and improve the cell viability in vitro. To sum up, these findings elucidated that PLTP repressed LPS induced inflammation due to extracellular LPS binding capability, and the protective effects were not related to HDL pool size in mice.

Evolutionarily Conserved Epitopes on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptases Detected by HIV-1-Infected Subjects

PubMed Central

Sanou, Missa P.; Roff, Shannon R.; Mennella, Antony; Sleasman, John W.; Rathore, Mobeen H.; Levy, Jay A.

2013-01-01

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-associated epitopes, evolutionarily conserved on both HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) reverse transcriptases (RT), were identified using gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimide ester (CFSE) proliferation assays followed by CTL-associated cytotoxin analysis. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or T cells from HIV-1-seropositive (HIV+) subjects were stimulated with overlapping RT peptide pools. The PBMC from the HIV+ subjects had more robust IFN-γ responses to the HIV-1 peptide pools than to the FIV peptide pools, except for peptide-pool F3. In contrast, much higher and more frequent CD8+ T-cell proliferation responses were observed with the FIV peptide pools than with the HIV peptide pools. HIV-1-seronegative subjects had no proliferation or IFN-γ responses to the HIV and FIV peptide pools. A total of 24% (40 of 166) of the IFN-γ responses to HIV pools and 43% (23 of 53) of the CD8+ T-cell proliferation responses also correlated to responses to their counterpart FIV pools. Thus, more evolutionarily conserved functional epitopes were identified by T-cell proliferation than by IFN-γ responses. In the HIV+ subjects, peptide-pool F3, but not the HIV H3 counterpart, induced the most IFN-γ and proliferation responses. These reactions to peptide-pool F3 were highly reproducible and persisted over the 1 to 2 years of testing. All five individual peptides and epitopes of peptide-pool F3 induced IFN-γ and/or proliferation responses in addition to inducing CTL-associated cytotoxin responses (perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B). The epitopes inducing polyfunctional T-cell activities were highly conserved among human, simian, feline, and ungulate lentiviruses, which indicated that these epitopes are evolutionarily conserved. These results suggest that FIV peptides could be used in an HIV-1 vaccine. PMID:23824804

Macroinvertebrate community assembly in pools created during peatland restoration.

PubMed

Brown, Lee E; Ramchunder, Sorain J; Beadle, Jeannie M; Holden, Joseph

2016-11-01

Many degraded ecosystems are subject to restoration attempts, providing new opportunities to unravel the processes of ecological community assembly. Restoration of previously drained northern peatlands, primarily to promote peat and carbon accumulation, has created hundreds of thousands of new open water pools. We assessed the potential benefits of this wetland restoration for aquatic biodiversity, and how communities reassemble, by comparing pool ecosystems in regions of the UK Pennines on intact (never drained) versus restored (blocked drainage-ditches) peatland. We also evaluated the conceptual idea that comparing reference ecosystems in terms of their compositional similarity to null assemblages (and thus the relative importance of stochastic versus deterministic assembly) can guide evaluations of restoration success better than analyses of community composition or diversity. Community composition data highlighted some differences in the macroinvertebrate composition of restored pools compared to undisturbed peatland pools, which could be used to suggest that alternative end-points to restoration were influenced by stochastic processes. However, widely used diversity metrics indicated no differences between undisturbed and restored pools. Novel evaluations of restoration using null models confirmed the similarity of deterministic assembly processes from the national species pool across all pools. Stochastic elements were important drivers of between-pool differences at the regional-scale but the scale of these effects was also similar across most of the pools studied. The amalgamation of assembly theory into ecosystem restoration monitoring allows us to conclude with more certainty that restoration has been successful from an ecological perspective in these systems. Evaluation of these UK findings compared to those from peatlands across Europe and North America further suggests that restoring peatland pools delivers significant benefits for aquatic fauna by providing extensive new habitat that is largely equivalent to natural pools. More generally, we suggest that assembly theory could provide new benchmarks for planning and evaluating ecological restoration success. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Meta-analysis of six genes (BDNF, DRD1, DRD3, DRD4, GRIN2B and MAOA) involved in neuroplasticity and the risk for alcohol dependence.

PubMed

Forero, Diego A; López-León, Sandra; Shin, Hyoung Doo; Park, Byung Lae; Kim, Dai-Jin

2015-04-01

Alcohol-related problems have a large impact on human health, accounting for around 4% of deaths and 4.5% of disability-adjusted life-years around the world. Genetic factors could explain a significant fraction of the risk for alcohol dependence (AD). Recent meta-analyses have found significant pooled odds ratios (ORs) for variants in the ADH1B, ADH1C, DRD2 and HTR2A genes. In the present study, we carried out a meta-analysis of common variants in 6 candidate genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroplasticity: BDNF, DRD1, DRD3, DRD4, GRIN2B and MAOA. We carried out a systematic search for published association studies that analyzed the genes of interest. Relevant articles were retrieved and demographic and genetic data were extracted. Pooled ORs were calculated using a random-effects model using the Meta-Analyst program. Dominant, recessive and allelic models were tested and analyses were also stratified by ethnicity. Forty two published studies were included in the current meta-analysis: BDNF-rs6265 (nine studies), DRD1-rs4532 (four studies), DRD3-rs6280 (eleven studies), DRD4-VNTR (seven studies), GRIN2B-rs1806201 (three studies) and MAOA-uVNTR (eight studies). We did not find significant pooled ORs for any of the six genes, under different models and stratifying for ethnicity. In terms of the number of candidate genes included, this is one of the most comprehensive meta-analyses for genetics of AD. Pooled ORs did not support consistent associations with any of the six candidate genes tested. Future studies of novel genes of functional relevance and meta-analyses of quantitative endophenotypes could identify further susceptibility molecular factors for AD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scholars Who Teach: The Art of College Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cahn, Steven M., Ed.

In essays on a variety of disciplines, seven college teachers discuss the art of inspiring enthusiasm in college students. The topics are: history (Russell H. Bostert); English (Edward B. Partridge); mathematics (Robert H. Gurland); science (Arnold B. Arons); social science (Rita W. Cooley); foreign language and literature (John G. Weiger); and…

Deep into the roots of the Libyan Tuareg: a genetic survey of their paternal heritage.

PubMed

Ottoni, Claudio; Larmuseau, Maarten H D; Vanderheyden, Nancy; Martínez-Labarga, Cristina; Primativo, Giuseppina; Biondi, Gianfranco; Decorte, Ronny; Rickards, Olga

2011-05-01

Recent genetic studies of the Tuareg have begun to uncover the origin of this semi-nomadic northwest African people and their relationship with African populations. For centuries they were caravan traders plying the trade routes between the Mediterranean coast and south-Saharan Africa. Their origin most likely coincides with the fall of the Garamantes who inhabited the Fezzan (Libya) between the 1st millennium BC and the 5th century AD. In this study we report novel data on the Y-chromosome variation in the Libyan Tuareg from Al Awaynat and Tahala, two villages in Fezzan, whose maternal genetic pool was previously characterized. High-resolution investigation of 37 Y-chromosome STR loci and analysis of 35 bi-allelic markers in 47 individuals revealed a predominant northwest African component (E-M81, haplogroup E1b1b1b) which likely originated in the second half of the Holocene in the same ancestral population that contributed to the maternal pool of the Libyan Tuareg. A significant paternal contribution from south-Saharan Africa (E-U175, haplogroup E1b1a8) was also detected, which may likely be due to recent secondary introduction, possibly through slavery practices or fusion between different tribal groups. The difference in haplogroup composition between the villages of Al Awaynat and Tahala suggests that founder effects and drift played a significant role in shaping the genetic pool of the Libyan Tuareg. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Investigation of the role of Blankaartia acuscutellaris (Acari: Trombiculidae) as a vector of scrub typhus in central Thailand.

PubMed

Frances, S P; Watcharapichat, P; Phulsuksombati, D; Tanskul, P

2001-12-01

Monthly collections of rodents were conducted in Phitsanulok Province, central Thailand in 1993 to investigate the role of the mite Blankaartia acuscurellaris as a vector of scrub typhus. Overall, a total of 41 rodents were collected and examined for the presence of the red colored larvae of B. acuscutellaris and yellow larvae of Leptotrombidium deliense and Ascoshoengastia sp. A total of 787 B. acuscutellaris and 1390 yellow larvae were placed into pools, triturated and isolation of Orientia tsutsugamushi attempted in laboratory mice. The sera of 8 of the collected rodents had elevated antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi indicating active infections; however, O. tsutsugamushi was not isolated from rodent tissues or pools of larvae. The results of this survey suggest that B. acuscutellaris may not be an important vector of scrub typhus, but more studies are needed in endemic areas.

42 CFR 415.206 - Services of residents in nonprovider settings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PHYSICIANS IN TEACHING SETTINGS, AND RESIDENTS IN CERTAIN SETTINGS Services of Residents § 415.206 Services... equivalency residents in the calculation of a teaching hospital's resident count. The teaching physician rules on carrier payments in §§ 415.170 through 415.184 apply in these teaching settings. (b) Physician fee...

10 CFR 36.61 - Inspection and maintenance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION LICENSES AND RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRADIATORS Operation of...) Functioning of the source position indicator required by § 36.31(b). (3) Operability of the radiation monitor for radioactive contamination in pool water required by § 36.59(b) using a radiation check source, if...

Archaeology and Geomorphology of Red Oak Ridge Island, Navigation Pool 7, Upper Mississippi River Valley.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-01

1884c, 1884d, 1885, 1887a, 1887b, 1889a, 1889b, 1889c , 1889d, 1889e, 1890, 1891a, 1891b, 1891c, 1892a, 1892b, 1892c, and 1895). Two Minnesota pioneer...Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. Vol. 11: 139-163. 1889c Burial Mounds Viewed as Monuments. The American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. Vol. 11: 359-378

Evaluating Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Pools as Indicators of Forest Harvesting Disturbance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kellman, L. M.; Gabriel, C. E.

2015-12-01

Soil organic matter (SOM) in northern forest soils is associated with a suite of minerals that can confer SOM stability, resulting in the potential for long-term storage of carbon. Increasingly, evidence is suggesting that SOM in certain mineral phases is dynamic and vulnerable to soil disturbance. The objective of this research was to investigate changes in a suite of mineral-associated pools of SOM through depth in a temperate forest soil to determine which mineral-associated carbon pools are most sensitive to forest harvesting disturbance. Sequential selective dissolutions representing increasingly stable SOM pools (soluble minerals (deionized water); humus-mineral complexes (Na-pyrophosphate); poorly crystalline minerals (HCl hydroxylamine); and crystalline secondary minerals (Na-dithionite + HCl)) of mineral soils through depth to 50 cm were carried out in podzolic soils sampled from temperate red spruce forests of contrasting stand age in Nova Scotia, Canada. Results of this analysis point to a loss of carbon from SOM within the B-horizon of the most recently harvested site from the pyrophosphate-extracted humus mineral complexed SOM, suggesting that it is this exchangeable pool that appears to be destabilized following clearcut harvesting at these study sites. This suggests that recovery from this landuse disturbance is dependent upon increasing storage of this SOM pool, and that mineral-associated pools, particularly pyrophosphate-extractable SOM, may be a useful indicator of changes to soil carbon storage following land use change.

Challenge Pools of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 1–6 Prototype Strains: Replication Fitness and Pathogenicity in Chimpanzees and Human Liver–Chimeric Mouse Models

PubMed Central

Bukh, Jens; Meuleman, Philip; Tellier, Raymond; Engle, Ronald E.; Feinstone, Stephen M.; Eder, Gerald; Satterfield, William C.; Govindarajan, Sugantha; Krawczynski, Krzysztof; Miller, Roger H.; Leroux-Roels, Geert; Purcell, Robert H.

2010-01-01

Chimpanzees represent the only animal model for studies of the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV). To generate virus stocks of important HCV variants, we infected chimpanzees with HCV strains of genotypes 1–6 and determined the infectivity titer of acute-phase plasma pools in additional animals. The courses of first- and second-passage infections were similar, with early appearance of viremia, HCV RNA titers of >104.7 IU/mL, and development of acute hepatitis; the chronicity rate was 56%. The challenge pools had titers of 103–105 chimpanzee infectious doses/mL. Human liver–chimeric mice developed high-titer infections after inoculation with the challenge viruses of genotypes 1–6. Inoculation studies with different doses of the genotype 1b pool suggested that a relatively high virus dose is required to consistently infect chimeric mice. The challenge pools represent a unique resource for studies of HCV molecular virology and for studies of pathogenesis, protective immunity, and vaccine efficacy in vivo. PMID:20353362

Association between hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A meta-analysis based on Chinese population.

PubMed

Li, Libo; Lan, Xiaolin

2016-12-01

To assess the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HBV/HCV double infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Chinese population. The databases of PubMed and CNKI were electronic searched by reviewers according to the searching words of HBV, HCV, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The related case-control studies or cohort studies were included. The association between virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk was demonstrated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The data were pooled by fixed or random effects model according to the statistical heterogeneity. The publication bias was assessed by Begg's funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. Finally, 13 publications were included in this meta-analysis. For significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 99.8%,P = 0.00), the OR was pooled by random effects model. The pooled results showed that HBV infection can significantly increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 58.01, 95% CI: 44.27-71.75); statistical heterogeneity analysis showed that significant heterogeneity existed in evaluation of HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk across the included 13 studies I2 = 77.78%, P = 0.00). The OR was pooled by random effects model. The pooled results showed that HCV infection can significantly increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.20-3.47); significant heterogeneity did not exist in evaluation HBV/HCV double infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk for the included 13 studies (I2 = 0.00%,P = 0.80). The OR was pooled by fixed effects model. The pooled results showed that HBV/HCV double infection can significantly increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 11.39, 95% CI: 4.58-18.20). No publication bias was found in the aspects of HBV, HCV, and HBV/HCV double infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. For Chinese population, HBV, HCV or HBV/HCV double infection can significantly increase the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.

ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in Arab ethnicity: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Al-Rubeaan, Khalid; Siddiqui, Khalid; Saeb, Amr T M; Nazir, Nyla; Al-Naqeb, Dhekra; Al-Qasim, Sara

2013-05-15

In this meta-analysis study, SNPs were investigated for their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both Arab and Caucasian ethnicities. A total of 55 SNPs were analyzed, of which 11 fulfilled the selection criteria, and were used for analysis. It was found that TCF7L2 rs7903146 was significantly associated with a pooled OR of 1.155 (95%C.I.=1.059-1.259), p<0.0001 and I(2)=78.30% among the Arab population, whereas among Caucasians, the pooled OR was 1.45 (95%C.I.=1.386-1.516), p<0.0001 and I(2)=77.20%. KCNJ11 rs5219 was significantly associated in both the populations with a pooled OR of 1.176(1.092-1.268), p<0.0001 and I(2)=32.40% in Caucasians and a pooled OR of 1.28(1.111-1.475), p=0.001 among Arabs. The ACE I/D polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with a pooled OR of 1.992 (95%C.I.=1.774-2.236), p<0.0001 and I(2)=83.20% among the Arab population, whereas among Caucasians, the pooled OR was 1.078 (95%C.I.=0.993-1.17), p=0.073 and I(2)=0%. Similarly, MTHFR C677T polymorphism was also found to be significantly associated among Arabs with a pooled OR of 1.924 (95%C.I.=1.606-2.304), p<0.0001 and I(2)=27.20%, whereas among Caucasians, the pooled OR was 0.986 (95%C.I.=0.868-1.122), p=0.835 and I(2)=0%. Meanwhile PPARG-2 Pro12Ala, CDKN2A/2B rs10811661, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, HHEX rs7923837, CDKAL1 rs7754840, EXT2 rs1113132 and SLC30A8 rs13266634 were found to have no significant association with T2D among Arabs. In conclusion, it seems from this study that both Arabs and Caucasians have different SNPs associated with T2D. Moreover, this study sheds light on the profound necessity for further investigations addressing the question of the genetic components of T2D in Arabs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of categorical moderators in mixed-effects meta-analysis: Consequences of using pooled versus separate estimates of the residual between-studies variances.

PubMed

Rubio-Aparicio, María; Sánchez-Meca, Julio; López-López, José Antonio; Botella, Juan; Marín-Martínez, Fulgencio

2017-11-01

Subgroup analyses allow us to examine the influence of a categorical moderator on the effect size in meta-analysis. We conducted a simulation study using a dichotomous moderator, and compared the impact of pooled versus separate estimates of the residual between-studies variance on the statistical performance of the Q B (P) and Q B (S) tests for subgroup analyses assuming a mixed-effects model. Our results suggested that similar performance can be expected as long as there are at least 20 studies and these are approximately balanced across categories. Conversely, when subgroups were unbalanced, the practical consequences of having heterogeneous residual between-studies variances were more evident, with both tests leading to the wrong statistical conclusion more often than in the conditions with balanced subgroups. A pooled estimate should be preferred for most scenarios, unless the residual between-studies variances are clearly different and there are enough studies in each category to obtain precise separate estimates. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.

Immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines coadministered with a fourth dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in toddlers: a pooled analysis of randomized trials.

PubMed

Bryant, Kristina; McVernon, Jodie; Marchant, Colin; Nolan, Terry; Marshall, Gary; Richmond, Peter; Marshall, Helen; Nissen, Michael; Lambert, Stephen; Aris, Emmanuel; Mesaros, Narcisa; Miller, Jacqueline

2012-08-01

A pooled analysis was conducted of 1257 toddlers who received a fourth dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (HibMenCY-TT) or Hib conjugate vaccine (Hib polysaccharide conjugated to N. meningitidis outer membrane protein) coadministered with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella (VAR) vaccines (NCT00134719/NCT00289783). Noninferiority of immunological responses to MMR and VAR was demonstrated between groups and incidences of MMR- and VAR-specific solicited symptoms were similar, indicating that HibMenCY-TT can be coadministered with MMR and VAR.

Runners maintain locomotor-respiratory coupling following isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea to task failure.

PubMed

Stickford, Abigail S L; Stickford, Jonathon L; Tanner, David A; Stager, Joel M; Chapman, Robert F

2015-11-01

Evidence has long suggested that mammalian ventilatory and locomotor rhythms are linked, yet determinants and implications of locomotor-respiratory coupling (LRC) continue to be investigated. Anecdotally, respiratory muscle fatigue seen at the end of heavy exercise may result in an uncoupling of movement-ventilation rhythms; however, there is no scientific evidence to substantiate this claim. We sought to determine whether or not fatigue of the respiratory muscles alters locomotor-respiratory coupling patterns typically observed in highly trained individuals while running. A related query was to examine the relationship between the potential changes in LRC and measures of running economy. Twelve male distance runners ran at four submaximal workloads (68-89 % VO2peak) on two separate days while LRC was quantified. One LRC trial served as a control (CON), while the other was performed following an isocapnic voluntary hyperpnea to task failure to induce respiratory muscle fatigue (FT+). LRC was assessed as stride-to-breathing frequency ratios (SF/fB) and degree of LRC (percentage of breaths occurring during the same decile of the step cycle). Hyperpnea resulted in significant declines in maximal voluntary inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) mouth pressures (ΔMIP = -10 ± 12 cm H2O; ΔMEP = -6 ± 9 cm H2O). There were no differences in minute ventilation between CON and FT+ (CON, all speeds pooled = 104 ± 25 L min(-1); FT+ pooled = 106 ± 23 L min(-1)). Stride frequency was not different between trials; however, breathing frequency was significantly greater during FT+ compared to CON at all speeds (CON pooled = 47 ± 10 br min(-1); FT+ pooled = 52 ± 9 br min(-1)), resulting in smaller corresponding SF/fB. Yet, the degree of LRC was the same during CON and FT+ (CON pooled = 63 ± 15 %; FT+ pooled = 64 ± 18 %). The results indicate that trained runners are able to continue entraining breath and step cycles, despite marked changes in exercise breathing frequency, after a fatiguing hyperpnea challenge.

Satisfaction, motivation, and future of community preceptors: what are the current trends?

PubMed

Latessa, Robyn; Colvin, Gaye; Beaty, Norma; Steiner, Beat D; Pathman, Donald E

2013-08-01

To measure overall satisfaction of community-based preceptors, their anticipated likelihood of continuing to teach, professional satisfaction, influence of having students, motivation for teaching, satisfaction with professional practice, and satisfaction with and value of incentives, and to compare results with those of a similar 2005 statewide survey. In 2011, the authors distributed a 25-item survey to all 2,359 community-based primary care preceptors (physicians, pharmacists, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants) served by the North Carolina Area Health Education Centers system's Offices of Regional Primary Care Education. The survey targeted the same items and pool of eligible respondents as did the North Carolina Area Health Education Center 2005 Preceptor Survey. Of 2,359 preceptors contacted, 1,278 (54.2%) completed questionnaires. The data from 2011 did not differ significantly from the 2005 data. In 2011, respondents were satisfied with precepting (91.7%), anticipated continuing to precept for the next five years (88.7%), and were satisfied overall with their professional life (93.7%). Intrinsic reasons (e.g., enjoyment of teaching) remained an important motivation for teaching students. Physicians reported significantly lower overall satisfaction with extrinsic incentives (e.g., monetary compensation) and felt more negativity about the influence of students on their practices. This study found that preceptors continue to be satisfied with teaching students. Intrinsic reasons remain an important motivation to precept, but monetary compensation may have increasing importance. Physicians responded more negatively than other health provider groups to several questions, suggesting that their needs might be better met by redesigned teaching models.

Student performance and their perception of a patient-oriented problem-solving approach with audiovisual aids in teaching pathology: a comparison with traditional lectures.

PubMed

Singh, Arjun

2011-01-01

We use different methods to train our undergraduates. The patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) system is an innovative teaching-learning method that imparts knowledge, enhances intrinsic motivation, promotes self learning, encourages clinical reasoning, and develops long-lasting memory. The aim of this study was to develop POPS in teaching pathology, assess its effectiveness, and assess students' preference for POPS over didactic lectures. One hundred fifty second-year MBBS students were divided into two groups: A and B. Group A was taught by POPS while group B was taught by traditional lectures. Pre- and posttest numerical scores of both groups were evaluated and compared. Students then completed a self-structured feedback questionnaire for analysis. The mean (SD) difference in pre- and post-test scores of groups A and B was 15.98 (3.18) and 7.79 (2.52), respectively. The significance of the difference between scores of group A and group B teaching methods was 16.62 (P < 0.0001), as determined by the z-test. Improvement in post-test performance of group A was significantly greater than of group B, demonstrating the effectiveness of POPS. Students responded that POPS facilitates self-learning, helps in understanding topics, creates interest, and is a scientific approach to teaching. Feedback response on POPS was strong in 57.52% of students, moderate in 35.67%, and negative in only 6.81%, showing that 93.19% students favored POPS over simple lectures. It is not feasible to enforce the PBL method of teaching throughout the entire curriculum; However, POPS can be incorporated along with audiovisual aids to break the monotony of dialectic lectures and as alternative to PBL.

76 FR 55300 - Companies Engaged in the Business of Acquiring Mortgages and Mortgage-Related Instruments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-07

...)(C) A. Overview B. Management Style and Corporate Governance C. Similarities to Traditional... their investment advisers. B. Management Style and Corporate Governance Some mortgage-related pools are..., Division of Investment Management, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC...

Routine screening of blood donations at Qingdao central blood bank, China, for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA with a real-time, multiplex nucleic acid test for HBV, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus Types 1 and 2.

PubMed

Yang, Zhongsi; Xu, Lei; Liu, Li; Feng, Qiuxia; Zhang, Longmu; Ma, Weijuan; Saldanha, John; Wang, Mingmin; Zhao, Lin

2013-10-01

The Roche cobas TaqScreen MPX test was used to evaluate the rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative donations that were hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA reactive from June 2010 to January 2011 in Qingdao, China. HBsAg-negative samples from 65,800 voluntary blood donors were tested with the cobas TaqScreen MPX test in pools of 6 on the Roche cobas s 201 blood screening platform. Samples positive for HBV DNA and negative for HBsAg were quantitated with the Roche COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HBV test. In addition, serologic tests for HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antibody, anti-hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), anti-hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBe) were done using the Roche electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 80 nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) test-reactive pools were identified and 59 pools (74%) resolved to a reactive sample. All samples were HBV DNA reactive and the viral load in each sample was quantitated. The viral loads of the samples ranged from less than 20 to 34,600 IU/mL; 13 samples (22%) had viral loads of more than 20 IU/mL, 27 samples (45.8%) had viral loads of less than 20 IU/mL, and 19 samples (32.2%) had undetectable viral loads. Of the 59 NAT-reactive samples, 40 (67.8%) were anti-HBc positive. Fifteen of the 59 samples could not be confirmed as NAT reactive either by an alternative NAT test or by serology. The HBV NAT yield in blood donors in Qingdao is 0.06% (38/65,800). This study confirmed the value of NAT for interdicting HBV-positive donations and preventing transfusion-transmitted HBV infections. © 2013 American Association of Blood Banks.

A tool for teaching the B-Lynch brace suture method: an inexpensive new simulator allows obstetricians to polish an essential technique.

PubMed

Pereira, Nigel; Delvadia, Dipak

2013-12-01

The B-Lynch brace suture is invaluable in the surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage, particularly as a fertility-sparing alternative to hysterectomy. In this video, we show how to create a low-cost simulator to teach the B-Lynch brace suture technique, followed by the intraoperative application of the same technique. Copyright © 2013 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Challenges to the Use of Co-Teaching by Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chitiyo, Jonathan

2017-01-01

A total of 77 teachers working in inclusive settings in North Eastern USA were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the barriers that may hinder the use of co-teaching. Results indicated that (a) teachers lack the necessary skills required for implementing co-teaching, and (b) co-teaching may require a lot of resources for its successful…

HLA-B*15:21 and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome: pooled-data and in silico analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaruthamsophon, Kanoot; Tipmanee, Varomyalin; Sangiemchoey, Antida; Sukasem, Chonlaphat; Limprasert, Pornprot

2017-03-01

HLA-B*15:02 screening before carbamazepine (CBZ) prescription in Asian populations is the recommended practice to prevent CBZ-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (CBZ-SJS). However, a number of patients have developed CBZ-SJS even having no HLA-B*15:02. Herein, we present the case of a Thai patient who had a negative HLA-B*15:02 screening result but later developed CBZ-SJS. Further HLA typing revealed HLA-B*15:21/B*13:01. HLA-B*15:21 is a member of the HLA-B75 serotype and is commonly found in Southeast Asian populations. Based on this case, we hypothesised that if all HLA-B*15:02 carriers were prevented from CBZ prescription, another common HLA-B75 serotype marker would show its association with CBZ-SJS. To test this hypothesis, we pooled data from previous association studies in Asian populations, excluded all cases with HLA-B*15:02, and analysed the association significance of HLA-B75 serotype markers. A significant association was found between CBZ-SJS and HLA-B*15:21 and HLA-B*15:11. We also applied an in silico analysis and found that all HLA-B75 serotype molecules shared similar capability in binding the CBZ molecule. In summary, this report provides the first evidence of a positive association between HLA-B*15:21 and CBZ-SJS and the first in silico analysis of CBZ binding sites and details of the molecular behaviour of HLA-B75 molecule to explain its molecular action.

Reduced susceptibility of tomato stem to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is associated with a specific adjustment of fructose content in the host sugar pool

PubMed Central

Nicot, Philippe C.; Ripoll, Julie; Abro, Manzoor A.; Raimbault, Astrid K.; Lopez-Lauri, Félicie; Bertin, Nadia

2017-01-01

Background and aims Plant soluble sugars, as main components of primary metabolism, are thought to be implicated in defence against pathogenic fungi. However, the function of sucrose and hexoses remains unclear. This study aimed to identify robust patterns in the dynamics of soluble sugars in sink tissues of tomato plants during the course of infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Distinct roles for glucose and fructose in defence against B. cinerea were hypothesized. Methods We examined sugar contents and defence hormonal markers in tomato stem tissues before and after infection by B. cinerea, in a range of abiotic environments created by various nitrogen and water supplies. Key Results Limited nitrogen or water supplies increased tomato stem susceptibility to B. cinerea. Glucose and fructose contents of tissues surrounding infection sites evolved differently after inoculation. The fructose content never decreased after inoculation with B. cinerea, while that of glucose showed either positive or negative variation, depending on the abiotic environment. An increase in the relative fructose content (defined as the proportion of fructose in the soluble sugar pool) was observed in the absence of glucose accumulation and was associated with lower susceptibility. A lower expression of the salicylic acid marker PR1a, and a lower repression of a jasmonate marker COI1 were associated with reduced susceptibility. Accordingly, COI1 expression was positively correlated with the relative fructose contents 7 d after infection. Conclusions Small variations of fructose content among the sugar pool are unlikely to affect intrinsic pathogen growth. Our results highlight distinct use of host glucose and fructose after infection by B. cinerea and suggest strongly that adjustment of the relative fructose content is required for enhanced plant defence. PMID:28065923

Effect of arachidonic acid metabolites on CR1 expression by B-lymphocytes.

PubMed

Cook, J M; Guibert, F; Delebassee, S; Gualde, N

1989-01-01

The effect of arachidonic acid metabolites on the expression of the receptor for the C3b/C4b fragment of complement (CR1) by human B-lymphocytes was investigated. Kinetic experiments to determine CR1 expression over time indicated that the maximal receptor number occurred at 2 h, followed by a return to baseline values. Addition of 10(-4) M puromycin to the cells suggested that the increase was due to the expression of an intracellular pool and not de novo synthesis of new receptor molecules. B-lymphocytes were incubated with arachidonic acid, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, leukotrienes B4 or C4 or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The quantity of membrane antigenic binding sites was determined before and after incubation. The lipoxygenase metabolites did not alter CR1 numbers. In contrast, PGE2 significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) the quantity of CR1 expressed. In kinetic experiments, PGE2 blocked the maximal expression of CR1 seen at 2 h, indicating that it prevents the appearance of an intracellular pool of receptor. These results show that CR1 number on B-lymphocytes can be altered by at least one arachidonic acid metabolite. This may offer a partial explanation for the inhibitory effects of PGE2 on B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion since CR1 is implicated in B-lymphocyte differentiation and specific antibody response.

Parvovirus B19 Passive Transmission by Transfusion of Intercept® Blood System-Treated Platelet Concentrate

PubMed Central

Gowland, Peter; Fontana, Stefano; Stolz, Martin; Andina, Nicola; Niederhauser, Christoph

2016-01-01

Summary Background Pathogen reduction methods for blood components are effective for a large number of viruses though less against small, non-enveloped viruses such as Parvovirus B19 (B19V). This article describes the passive transmission by transfusion of two B19V-contaminated pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) which were treated with the Intercept® blood pathogen reduction system. Case Reports Two transfusion cases of B19V-contaminated Intercept-treated pooled PCs were described. Due to the analysis delay, the PCs were already transfused. The viral content of each donation was 4.87 × 1010 IU/ml in case 1and 1.46 × 108 IU/ml in case 2. B19V (52 IU/ml) was detected in the recipient of the case 1 PC, whereas no virus could be detected in the case 2 PC recipient. A B19V IgM response and a transient boost of the underlying B19V IgG immune status and was observed in recipient 1. Recipient of the case 2 PC remained B19V IgG- and IgM-negative. B19V DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed a 100% homology between donor and recipient. Conclusion This report describes passive B19V transmission by a PC with very high B19 viral load which elicited a transient boost of the B19V immunity, but not by a PC with a lower B19V content, suggesting that there is a B19 viral load threshold value at which B19V inactivation is exceeded. PMID:27403092

Effects of problem-based learning in Chinese radiology education

PubMed Central

Zhang, Song; Xu, Jiancheng; Wang, Hongwei; Zhang, Dong; Zhang, Qichuan; Zou, Liguang

2018-01-01

Abstract Background: In recent years, the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method has been extensively applied as an experimental educational method in Chinese radiology education. However, the results of individual studies were inconsistent and inconclusive. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of PBL on radiology education in China. Methods: Databases of Chinese and English languages were searched from inception up to November 2017. The standard mean difference (SMD) with its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to determine the over effects of PBL compared with the traditional teaching method. Results: Seventeen studies involving 1487 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Of them, 16 studies provided sufficient data for the pooled analysis and showed that PBL teaching method had a positive effect on achieving higher theoretical scores compared with the traditional teaching method (SMD = 1.20, 95% CI [0.68, 1.71]). Thirteen studies provided sufficient data on skill scores, and a significant difference in favor of PBL was also observed (SMD = 2.10, 95% CI [1.38, 2.83]). Questionnaire surveys were applied in most of the included studies and indicated positive effects of PBL on students’ learning interest, scope of knowledge, team spirit, and oral expression. Conclusion: The result shows that PBL appears to be more effective on radiology education than traditional teaching method in China. However, the heterogeneity of the included studies cannot be neglected. Further well-designed studies about this topic are needed to confirm the above findings. PMID:29489669

Patient-Specific B-Cell Antibody Factories to Treat Metastatic Disease

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

cryopreservative  medias  that  permit  storage  and  recovery   of   the   B-­‐cells   from   the   selected   lymph   node   sample...From   ten   cryopreserved   cores,  we   have   explanted   and   produced   pools   of   immortalized   B-­‐cells

The 60's Are the New 20's: Teaching Older Adults Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heaggans, Raphael C.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this article is to present the existing practice-based and empirically based literature on teaching technology to seniors to determine a) what kind of research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of teaching technology to seniors, b) what biases must be dismantled for younger computer trainers to teach older ones, c) what…

High School Students' Perceptions of Teaching and Their Intention to Choose Teaching as a Profession

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cruz, Crystal

2013-01-01

This study was conducted to (a) explore high achieving high school students' perceptions of the teaching profession, (b) examine the influence of these perceptions on intentions to teach, and (c) test a recruitment suite of tools to determine the effectiveness of recruitment messaging and strategies. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)…

John Dewey and the Art of Teaching: Toward Reflective and Imaginative Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Douglas J.; Jackson, Michael J. B.; Aycock, Judy C.

2004-01-01

"John Dewey and the Art of Teaching: Toward Reflective and Imaginative Practice" is an engaging and accessible introduction to the art of teaching as seen through the eyes of John Dewey. Authors Douglas J. Simpson, Michael J. B. Jackson, and Judy C. Aycock provide a lucid interpretation of the complexities and art of teaching in contemporary…

Whether Experience and Training of Teachers Affect Their Attitude towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sahanowas, S. K.; Halder, Santoshi

2016-01-01

Teaching experience and training of the teachers are important variables for teaching and evaluating effectively having an immense impact to their inclination, attitude and perfection. West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (W.B.B.S.E), India, has taken the initiative to implement Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation system up to class VIII…

Effects of Prevent-Teach-Reinforce on Academic Engagement and Disruptive Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeJager, Brett W.; Filter, Kevin J.

2015-01-01

This study assessed the effectiveness of prevent-teach-reinforce (P-T-R), a functional behavioral assessment-based intervention for students with behavior problems, using an A-B-A-B design with follow-up. Participants included three students in kindergarten, fourth grade, and fifth grade in a rural Midwestern school district. P-T-R interventions…

A Psychology of Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pedrini, D. T.; Pedrini, B. C.

William James, the turn of the century psychologist, philospher, and educator, was avidly interested in the relationship between psychology and teaching. This paper considers operant conditioning, timing of reinforcers, and programmed instruction--touchstones of B.F. Skinner in the teaching/learning milieu. Of course, materials not just methods…

34 CFR 669.3 - What activities may the Secretary fund?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... methods for teaching foreign languages, including the use of advanced educational technology; (b) The development and dissemination of new materials for teaching foreign languages, to reflect the results of... teaching and learning of foreign languages. These activities must include effective dissemination efforts...

34 CFR 669.3 - What activities may the Secretary fund?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... methods for teaching foreign languages, including the use of advanced educational technology; (b) The development and dissemination of new materials for teaching foreign languages, to reflect the results of... teaching and learning of foreign languages. These activities must include effective dissemination efforts...

34 CFR 669.3 - What activities may the Secretary fund?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... methods for teaching foreign languages, including the use of advanced educational technology; (b) The development and dissemination of new materials for teaching foreign languages, to reflect the results of... teaching and learning of foreign languages. These activities must include effective dissemination efforts...

34 CFR 669.3 - What activities may the Secretary fund?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... methods for teaching foreign languages, including the use of advanced educational technology; (b) The development and dissemination of new materials for teaching foreign languages, to reflect the results of... teaching and learning of foreign languages. These activities must include effective dissemination efforts...

Effect of B Vitamin (Folate, B6, and B12) Supplementation on Osteoporotic Fracture and Bone Turnover Markers: A Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Ruan, Jianwei; Gong, Xiaokang; Kong, Jinsong; Wang, Haibao; Zheng, Xin; Chen, Tao

2015-01-01

Background B vitamins (including folate, B6, and B12) supplementation can effectively and easily modify high plasma homocysteine (Hcy). However, the role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover is still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of B vitamin supplementation on occurrence of any osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover by pooling the results of previous studies. Material/Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in databases. Data integration and analysis were done by using Review Manager 5.3 (the Cochrane Collaboration). The risk ratio (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of fracture (intervention vs. control) were estimated. Changes in bone turnover indicators (continuous data), weighted mean difference (WMD), and corresponding 95% (CI) were pooled for estimation. Results Based on the results of 4 RCTs, this meta-analysis failed to identify a risk-reducing effect of daily supplementation of B vitamins on osteoporotic fracture in patients with vascular disease and with relatively normal plasma Hcy. In addition, we also did not find any positive effects of B vitamin supplementation on bone turnover. Conclusions B vitamin supplementation might not be effective in preventing fracture and improving bone turnover. However, the possible benefits in selective populations, such as populations with very high plasma Hcy and from regions without B vitamin fortification should be explored in the future. PMID:25805360

Topography Battles Surface Texture: An Experimental Study of Pool-riffle Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chartrand, S. M.; Hassan, M. A.; Jellinek, M.

2016-12-01

Pool-riffles are perhaps the most common streambed shape found in streams and rivers, and not surprisingly, they are essential to salmon ecology, and are a central focus of many restoration actions. Yet, when an applied earth scientist or engineer is faced with developing a pool-riffle design, there is a lack of clear and rigorously developed design guidelines. Given the volumes of money spent annually within the restoration industry, this is a real problem. Recognition of this problem is growing, however, and an increasing level of attention has been directed to questions of pool-riffle formation in the past decade. At this point and given certain landscape characteristics, it is well established that streamwise gradients in channel width are associated with pool-riffles. Specifically, pools are associated with negative gradients in width, and riffles with positive gradients. Importantly, these associations have now been documented from field-derived data, as well as via experimental and numerical investigations. There is much to build from the present knowledge base, and central to this are questions related to (a) how pool-riffles evolve during the formative process, (b) what are the basic set of ingredients necessary for pool-riffle formation within systems characterized by relatively non-erodible channel margins, and (c) do pool-riffles persist, once formed, under a broad range of forcing conditions? We have completed four physical experiments examining the process and evolution of pool-riffle formation under a large range of upstream boundary, as well as physical channel conditions. We will report on two of the completed experiments. Our work will highlight two new non-dimensional channel evolution numbers, derived to help describe and characterize bedform development, as well as response to perturbations from near-equilibrium conditions. The channel evolution numbers lay the foundation for development of a new regime diagram, which quantifies the basic ingredients needed to drive pool-riffle formation, as well as formation of other types of gravel bedforms. We believe our work holds promise for application in identifying suitable conditions for pool-riffle construction, and natural maintenance over typical restoration project time frames.

Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV) among prospective blood donors in a tertiary health care facility in Calabar, Nigeria; an eleven years evaluation.

PubMed

Okoroiwu, Henshaw Uchechi; Okafor, Ifeyinwa Maryann; Asemota, Enosakhare Aiyudubie; Okpokam, Dorathy Chioma

2018-05-22

Provision of constant and safe blood has been a public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa with high prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). This study was aimed at determining the trend and seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV across the years within study among prospective blood donors at blood bank in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of blood donor data from January 2005 to December 2016 was conducted in Blood Bank/Donor Clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Sera samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2 and Treponema pallidum using commercially available immunochromatic based kits. Out of the 24,979 screened prospective donors in the 2005-2016 study period, 3739 (14.96%) were infected with at least one infective agent. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV were 4.1, 3.6, 3.1 and 4.2%, respectively. During the period of study, the percentage of all transfusion-transmissible infections declined significantly with remarkable decline in HIV. The study showed male dominated donor pool (98.7%) with higher prevalence (4.2%) of transfusion-transmissible infections than in female donors (0.0%). Commercial donors constituted majority (62.0%) of the donors and as well had the highest prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections. Majority (62.9%) of the donors were repeat donors. HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV have remained a big threat to safe blood transfusion in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa at large. Strict adherence to selection criteria and algorithm of donor screening are recommended.

17 CFR 5.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... in section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(II)(cc)(BB) of the Act; (b) Aggregate retail forex assets means an amount of... acceptance of retail forex customers' orders (other than in a clerical capacity); or (2) The supervision of... retail forex transactions; (2) Associated person of a commodity pool operator, for purposes of this part...

17 CFR 5.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... in section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(II)(cc)(BB) of the Act; (b) Aggregate retail forex assets means an amount of... acceptance of retail forex customers' orders (other than in a clerical capacity); or (2) The supervision of... retail forex transactions; (2) Associated person of a commodity pool operator, for purposes of this part...

17 CFR 5.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... in section 2(c)(2)(B)(i)(II)(cc)(BB) of the Act; (b) Aggregate retail forex assets means an amount of... acceptance of retail forex customers' orders (other than in a clerical capacity); or (2) The supervision of... retail forex transactions; (2) Associated person of a commodity pool operator, for purposes of this part...

Bartonella spp. DNA Associated with Biting Flies from California

PubMed Central

Chung, Crystal Y.; Kasten, Rickie W.; Paff, Sandra M.; Van Horn, Brian A.; Vayssier-Taussat, Muriel; Boulouis, Henri-Jean

2004-01-01

Bartonella DNA was investigated in 104 horn flies (Haematobia spp.), 60 stable flies (Stomoxys spp.), 11 deer flies (Chrysops spp.), and 11 horse flies (Tabanus spp.) collected on cattle in California. Partial sequencing indicated B. bovis DNA in the horn fly pool and B. henselae type M DNA in one stable fly. PMID:15324557

The plasma virome of febrile adult Kenyans shows frequent parvovirus B19 infections and a novel arbovirus (Kadipiro virus)

PubMed Central

Ngoi, Carolyne N.; Siqueira, Juliana; Li, Linlin; Deng, Xutao; Mugo, Peter; Graham, Susan M.; Price, Matt A.; Sanders, Eduard J.

2016-01-01

Viral nucleic acids present in the plasma of 498 Kenyan adults with unexplained fever were characterized by metagenomics analysis of 51 sample pools. The highest to lowest fraction of plasma pools was positive for parvovirus B19 (75 %), pegivirus C (GBV-C) (67 %), alpha anellovirus (59 %), gamma anellovirus (55 %), beta anellovirus (41 %), dengue virus genotype 2 (DENV-2) (16 %), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (6 %), human herpesvirus 6 (6 %), HBV (4 %), rotavirus (4 %), hepatitis B virus (4 %), rhinovirus C (2 %), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV; 2 %) and Kadipiro virus (2 %). Ranking by overall percentage of viral reads yielded similar results. Characterization of viral nucleic acids in the plasma of a febrile East African population showed a high frequency of parvovirus B19 and DENV infections and detected a reovirus (Kadipiro virus) previously reported only in Asian Culex mosquitoes, providing a baseline to compare with future virome studies to detect emerging viruses in this region. PMID:27902331

The plasma virome of febrile adult Kenyans shows frequent parvovirus B19 infections and a novel arbovirus (Kadipiro virus).

PubMed

Ngoi, Carolyne N; Siqueira, Juliana; Li, Linlin; Deng, Xutao; Mugo, Peter; Graham, Susan M; Price, Matt A; Sanders, Eduard J; Delwart, Eric

2016-12-01

Viral nucleic acids present in the plasma of 498 Kenyan adults with unexplained fever were characterized by metagenomics analysis of 51 sample pools. The highest to lowest fraction of plasma pools was positive for parvovirus B19 (75 %), pegivirus C (GBV-C) (67 %), alpha anellovirus (59 %), gamma anellovirus (55 %), beta anellovirus (41 %), dengue virus genotype 2 (DENV-2) (16 %), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (6 %), human herpesvirus 6 (6 %), HBV (4 %), rotavirus (4 %), hepatitis B virus (4 %), rhinovirus C (2 %), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV; 2 %) and Kadipiro virus (2 %). Ranking by overall percentage of viral reads yielded similar results. Characterization of viral nucleic acids in the plasma of a febrile East African population showed a high frequency of parvovirus B19 and DENV infections and detected a reovirus (Kadipiro virus) previously reported only in Asian Culex mosquitoes, providing a baseline to compare with future virome studies to detect emerging viruses in this region.

Combined immunogenicity data for a new DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T vaccine (Hexaxim) following primary series administration at 2, 4, 6 months of age in Latin America.

PubMed

Santos-Lima, Eduardo; B'Chir, Siham; Lane, Andrew

2013-02-18

The immunogenicity of a primary series of a new, fully liquid DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T vaccine (Hexaxim), administered at 2, 4, 6 months of age in four clinical studies is reviewed. Immunogenicity data at 1 month after the third vaccination were assessed and pooled from a total of 1270 participants (per-protocol population) in four randomized clinical trials in Argentina, Mexico, and Peru. Hepatitis B vaccine was not administered at birth. All seroprotection (D, T, polio-1, -2, -3, Hep B, PRP-T [Hib]), seroconversion (PT and FHA), and vaccine response (PT and FHA) data were high, and were similar to licensed comparators (pooled SP, SC, and VR rates were 97.1-100%, 96.0-97.0%, and 99.7-99.9%, respectively). These data show the good immunogenicity of this new hexavalent vaccine that can provide the opportunity to increase global compliance to complex pediatric vaccination schedules. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Comparative Heavy Metal Uptake by Soil-Dwelling Invertebrates and the Bioassay Earthworm Eisenia Foetida

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-31

NUMBER IN POOLED SAMPLE AT EACH PLOT Al Tettigoniidao 5-- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- - -- -- - - -- - -- - Al Tettigoniidae 5 A3 Tettigoniidas 7 A4... Tettigoniidae 28 B) Tettigoniidae 10 82 Tettigoniidae 34 B3 Tettigoniidae 8 B4 Tettlioniidae 9 B5 Tettigoniidae 14 Cl Tottigoniida. 81 Acridiidae I C2...Ttttigoniidat 58 C3Tettigoniidae 28 C4 Tettigoniida . 17 15 TABLE 2 contd... TABLE 2(c) Composition of soil dwelling invertebrate fauna sampled by pitfall traps

7 CFR 1470.4 - Allocation and management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... needs associated with agricultural production in each State based on natural resource factors that... program participation. (b) The State Conservationist will allocate acres to ranking pools, to the extent...

A stromal region of cytochrome b6f subunit IV is involved in the activation of the Stt7 kinase in Chlamydomonas

PubMed Central

Zito, Francesca; Blangy, Stéphanie; Auroy, Pascaline; Johnson, Xenie; Peltier, Gilles

2017-01-01

The cytochrome (cyt) b6f complex and Stt7 kinase regulate the antenna sizes of photosystems I and II through state transitions, which are mediated by a reversible phosphorylation of light harvesting complexes II, depending on the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. When the pool is reduced, the cyt b6f activates the Stt7 kinase through a mechanism that is still poorly understood. After random mutagenesis of the chloroplast petD gene, coding for subunit IV of the cyt b6f complex, and complementation of a ΔpetD host strain by chloroplast transformation, we screened for impaired state transitions in vivo by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. We show that residues Asn122, Tyr124, and Arg125 in the stromal loop linking helices F and G of cyt b6f subunit IV are crucial for state transitions. In vitro reconstitution experiments with purified cyt b6f and recombinant Stt7 kinase domain show that cyt b6f enhances Stt7 autophosphorylation and that the Arg125 residue is directly involved in this process. The peripheral stromal structure of the cyt b6f complex had, until now, no reported function. Evidence is now provided of a direct interaction with Stt7 on the stromal side of the membrane. PMID:29078388

Teacher Training for Effective Questioning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Godbold, John V.

This paper reviews research studies concerning the effectiveness of varying strategies for teaching questioning skills and groups them into the following organizational scheme: (a) study of question classification systems as a strategy for teaching questioning skills, (b) use of laboratory experiences as a strategy for teaching questioning skills,…

Expression of growth hormone and its transcription factor, Pit-1, in early bovine development.

PubMed

Joudrey, E M; Lechniak, D; Petrik, J; King, W A

2003-03-01

During bovine embryogenesis, bovine growth hormone (bGH) contributes to proliferation, differentiation, and modulation of embryo metabolism. Pituitary-specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) is a transcription factor that binds to promoters of GH, prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone-beta (TSHbeta) encoding genes. A polymorphism in the fifth exon of the bGH gene resulting in a leucine (Leu) to valine (Val) substitution provides an Alu I restriction site when the Leu allele is present. To determine the onset of embryonic expression of the bGH gene, oocytes derived from ovaries homozygous for Leu alleles were fertilized in vitro with spermatozoa obtained from a Val homozygote. For each developmental stage examined, three separate pools of embryos composed of approximately 100 cell samples underwent RNA isolation, reverse transcription to cDNA, and amplification by nested PCR (nPCR). Bovine GH gene transcripts were identified at 2- to 4-cell (n = 162), 8- to 16-cell (n = 73), morulae (n = 51), and blastocyst (n = 15) stages. Likewise, transcripts for Pit-1 were detected at 2-cell (n = 125), 4-cell (n = 114), 8-cell (n = 56), 12-to-32-cell (n = 32), morulae (n = 68), and blastocyst (n = 14) stages. After digestion with Alu1, bGH cDNA was genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Bovine GH mRNA was present in all pools of stages examined. Both Leu and Val alleles (maternal and paternal) were only detected in pools of embryos that had reached 8- to 16-cell stage. Results suggest that transcription of the bGH gene begins at the 8- to 16-cell stage in bovine embryos, possibly under control of the transcription factor, Pit-1, and that RFLP analysis of the bGH gene can be used to determine parental origin of transcripts in early embryonic development. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Potential risks of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles released from sunscreens into outdoor swimming pools.

PubMed

Jeon, Soo-Kyung; Kim, Eun-Ju; Lee, Jaesang; Lee, Seunghak

2016-11-05

The potential risks of nanoparticles (NPs) in sunscreens being released into swimming water were evaluated by a series of laboratory experiments simulating the fate and transport of NPs in outdoor swimming pools. NPs released from sunscreen-applied skin were estimated using pig skins covered with five different commercial sunscreens containing TiO2, ZnO, or both at various concentrations. Assuming that the swimming water treatment processes consisted of filtration, UV irradiation, heating, and chlorination, possible removal of the released NPs by each process was estimated. Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the NPs under sunlight and after UV photochemical treatment were measured, and the H2O2 concentration possibly present in the swimming pool was calculated based on some specific scenarios of operating an outdoor swimming pool. It was found that a significant amount of the NPs in sunscreens could be released into the swimming water, and accumulate during circulation through the treatment system. However, the concentration of H2O2 possibly present in the swimming pool should be below the level at which an adverse effect to bathers is concerned. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recent thymic emigrants are preferentially incorporated only into the depleted T-cell pool.

PubMed

Houston, Evan G; Higdon, Lauren E; Fink, Pamela J

2011-03-29

Recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) are the youngest subset of peripheral T cells, and they differ functionally and phenotypically from the rest of the naïve T-cell pool. RTEs are present in the peripheral T-cell pool throughout life but are the most common subset of T cells in neonates and adults recovering from lymphoablation. Using a murine model to study the homeostasis of RTEs, we show that under lymphoreplete conditions, RTEs are at a competitive disadvantage to already established mature naïve (MN) T cells. This disadvantage may be caused by a defect in survival, because RTEs may transduce homeostatic signals inefficiently, and their ability to survive is enhanced with increased expression of IL-7 receptor or B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Conversely, under lymphopenic conditions, enhanced proliferation by RTEs allows them to out-compete their MN T-cell counterparts. These results suggest that in times of need, such as in neonates or lymphopenic adults, RTEs perform well to fill the gaps in the peripheral T-cell pool, but when the periphery already is full, many RTEs are not incorporated into the pool of recirculating lymphocytes.

Manipulation of the Glycan-Specific Natural Antibody Repertoire for Immunotherapy

PubMed Central

New, J. Stewart; King, R. Glenn; Kearney, John F.

2015-01-01

Summary Natural immunoglobulin derived from innate-like B lymphocytes plays important roles in the suppression of inflammatory responses and represents a promising therapeutic target in a growing number of allergic and autoimmune diseases. These antibodies are commonly autoreactive and incorporate evolutionarily conserved specificities, including certain glycan-specific antibodies. Despite this conservation, exposure to bacterial polysaccharides during innate-like B lymphocyte development, through either natural exposure or immunization, induces significant changes in clonal representation within the glycan-reactive B cell pool. Glycan-reactive natural antibodies have been reported to play protective and pathogenic roles in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. An understanding of the composition and functions of a healthy glycan-reactive natural antibody repertoire is therefore paramount. A more thorough understanding of natural antibody repertoire development holds promise for the design of both biological diagnostics and therapies. In this article we review the development and functions of natural antibodies and examine three glycan specificities, represented in the innate-like B cell pool, to illustrate the complex roles environmental antigens play in natural antibody repertoire development. We also discuss the implications of increased clonal plasticity of the innate-like B cell repertoire during neonatal and perinatal periods, and the prospect of targeting B cell development with interventional therapies and correct defects in this important arm of the adaptive immune system. PMID:26864103

[Noise level in a care and teaching hospital institution].

PubMed

Mendoza-Sánchez, R S; Roque-Sánchez, R H; Moncada-González, B

1996-01-01

Noise in the environment is increasing over the years. Disturbances produced by noise are varied, some lead to serious health consequences. Noise level was registered in a teaching hospital. Levels in the wards were between 50 and 59 dB. In the Intensive Care Unit, main hallways and outpatients department levels were higher than 59 dB. Isolated peaks up to 90.0 dB (Pediatrics) were detected. The noise level recommended for a hospital is under 50.0 dB. We found that the principal source of noise came from the medical and nursing staff.

A Study on Teaching Business Communication/English in Indian Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Devimeenakshi, K.; Tyagi, Sarika

2013-01-01

The aim of this article is to discuss teaching Business Communication in classroom to Business Administration degree programme students. Indeed, teaching Business Communication in classroom was a different experience when compared with Technical English for B.Tech students. The syllabus for Business Communication (English) was also peculiar…

34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... cancellation—Defense loans. (a) Cancellation for full-time teaching. (1) An institution shall cancel up to 50 percent of the outstanding balance on a borrower's Defense loan for full-time teaching in— (i) A public or... of qualifying service, for each complete year, or its equivalent, of teaching. (b) Cancellation for...

34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... cancellation—Defense loans. (a) Cancellation for full-time teaching. (1) An institution shall cancel up to 50 percent of the outstanding balance on a borrower's Defense loan for full-time teaching in— (i) A public or... of qualifying service, for each complete year, or its equivalent, of teaching. (b) Cancellation for...

34 CFR 674.55 - Teacher cancellation-Defense loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... cancellation—Defense loans. (a) Cancellation for full-time teaching. (1) An institution shall cancel up to 50 percent of the outstanding balance on a borrower's Defense loan for full-time teaching in— (i) A public or... of qualifying service, for each complete year, or its equivalent, of teaching. (b) Cancellation for...

TESOL Methods: Changing Tracks, Challenging Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumaravadivelu, B.

2006-01-01

This article traces the major trends in TESOL methods in the past 15 years. It focuses on the TESOL profession's evolving perspectives on language teaching methods in terms of three perceptible shifts: (a) from communicative language teaching to task-based language teaching, (b) from method-based pedagogy to postmethod pedagogy, and (c) from…

Improvement of sampling plans for Salmonella detection in pooled table eggs by use of real-time PCR.

PubMed

Pasquali, Frédérique; De Cesare, Alessandra; Valero, Antonio; Olsen, John Emerdhal; Manfreda, Gerardo

2014-08-01

Eggs and egg products have been described as the most critical food vehicles of salmonellosis. The prevalence and level of contamination of Salmonella on table eggs are low, which severely affects the sensitivity of sampling plans applied voluntarily in some European countries, where one to five pools of 10 eggs are tested by the culture based reference method ISO 6579:2004. In the current study we have compared the testing-sensitivity of the reference culture method ISO 6579:2004 and an alternative real-time PCR method on Salmonella contaminated egg-pool of different sizes (4-9 uninfected eggs mixed with one contaminated egg) and contamination levels (10°-10(1), 10(1)-10(2), 10(2)-10(3)CFU/eggshell). Two hundred and seventy samples corresponding to 15 replicates per pool size and inoculum level were tested. At the lowest contamination level real-time PCR detected Salmonella in 40% of contaminated pools vs 12% using ISO 6579. The results were used to estimate the lowest number of sample units needed to be tested in order to have a 95% certainty not falsely to accept a contaminated lot by Monte Carlo simulation. According to this simulation, at least 16 pools of 10 eggs each are needed to be tested by ISO 6579 in order to obtain this confidence level, while the minimum number of pools to be tested was reduced to 8 pools of 9 eggs each, when real-time PCR was applied as analytical method. This result underlines the importance of including analytical methods with higher sensitivity in order to improve the efficiency of sampling and reduce the number of samples to be tested. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Seepage investigation using geophysical techniques at Coursier Lake Dam, B.C., Canada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sirles, P.

1997-10-01

Subsurface seepage flow at Coursier Lake Dam was identified by onshore and offshore self-potential surveys, and electrical resistivity profiles and soundings during a Deficiency Investigation by BChydro. For typical seepage investigations baseline geophysical data are collected at {open_quotes}low-pool{close_quotes} level and the measurements are repeated when high hydraulic gradient conditions exist. At Coursier Lake Dam a rather unanticipated outcome of the low-pool surveys was that significant seepage beneath the structure was detected. The low-pool results were conclusive enough that, when combined with visual inspection and observation of sinkholes on the embankment, an immediate restriction was placed on the pool elevation. Thus,more » because of the identified potential hazard, the remaining geophysical investigations were conducted under a {open_quotes}minimum-pool{close_quotes} reservoir level in order to complete the comparative study. Therefore, the dam was studied under low- and minimum-pool reservoir conditions in the spring and fall of 1993, respectively. Low-pool data indicated very high resistivities (3000 to 5000 ohm-m) throughout the embankment indicating a coarse-average grain size, probably unsaturated sands and gravels. Higher resistivities (>5000 ohm-m) were obtained within the foundation deposits along the downstream toe indicating a combination of lower moisture content, coarser average grain size and higher porosity than the embankment. These electrical data indicate the subsurface conditions in the embankment and the foundation to be conducive to seepage. Results from low-pool SP surveys, performed both on-shore and offshore, indicate a dispersed or sheet flow seepage occurring nearly 1100 feet upstream of the intake. Therefore, apparently the seepage source begins far upstream of the embankment within the foundation deposits.« less

34 CFR 676.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program TEACH Grant Undergraduate student (b) The Secretary defines... student who has demonstrated to the institution or the entity (through standards or methods it establishes...

34 CFR 676.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program TEACH Grant Undergraduate student (b) The Secretary defines... student who has demonstrated to the institution or the entity (through standards or methods it establishes...

34 CFR 676.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program TEACH Grant Undergraduate student (b) The Secretary defines... student who has demonstrated to the institution or the entity (through standards or methods it establishes...

Case Studies of Interactive Whole-Class Teaching in Primary Science: Communicative approach and pedagogic purposes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McMahon, Kendra

2012-07-01

By developing two case studies of expert teaching in action, this study aimed to develop knowledge of talk in whole-class teaching in UK primary science lessons and understand this in relation to both the teachers' interpretations and sociocultural theoretical frameworks. Lessons were observed and video-recorded and the teachers engaged in video-stimulated-reflective dialogue to capture participants' reflections upon their own pedagogic purposes and interactions in the classroom. The analytic framework was developed at three levels: sequence of lessons, lesson, and episode. For each episode, the 'communicative approach' and teaching purposes were recorded. Transcripts were developed for fine grain analysis of selected episodes and a quantitative analysis was undertaken of the use of communicative approaches. Findings exemplify how different communicative approaches were used by the case-study teachers for different pedagogical purposes at different points in the sequence of lessons, contributing to primary teachers' repertoire for planning and practice. The initial elicitation of children's ideas can be understood as pooling them to enhance multivoicedness and develop a shared resource for future dialogues. Whole-class talk can support univocality by rehearsing procedural knowledge and exploring the meanings of scientific terminology. Identifying salient features of phenomena in the context of the whole-class marks them as significant as shared knowledge but valuing other observations extends the multivoicedness of the discourse.

Intra- and Interlaboratory Variabilities of Results Obtained with the Quantiplex Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA bDNA Assay, Version 3.0

PubMed Central

Kellogg, James A.; Atria, Peter V.; Sanders, Jeffrey C.; Eyster, M. Elaine

2001-01-01

Normal assay variation associated with bDNA tests for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA performed at two laboratories with different levels of test experience was investigated. Two 5-ml aliquots of blood in EDTA tubes were collected from each patient for whom the HIV-1 bDNA test was ordered. Blood was stored for no more than 4 h at room temperature prior to plasma separation. Plasma was stored at −70°C until transported to the Central Pennsylvania Alliance Laboratory (CPAL; York, Pa.) and to the Hershey Medical Center (Hershey, Pa.) on dry ice. Samples were stored at ≤−70°C at both laboratories prior to testing. Pools of negative (donor), low-HIV-1-RNA-positive, and high-HIV-1-RNA-positive plasma samples were also repeatedly tested at CPAL to determine both intra- and interrun variation. From 11 August 1999 until 14 September 2000, 448 patient specimens were analyzed in parallel at CPAL and Hershey. From 206 samples with results of ≥1,000 copies/ml at CPAL, 148 (72%) of the results varied by ≤0.20 log10 when tested at Hershey and none varied by >0.50 log10. However, of 242 specimens with results of <1,000 copies/ml at CPAL, 11 (5%) of the results varied by >0.50 log10 when tested at Hershey. Of 38 aliquots of HIV-1 RNA pool negative samples included in 13 CPAL bDNA runs, 37 (97%) gave results of <50 copies/ml and 1 (3%) gave a result of 114 copies/ml. Low-positive HIV-1 RNA pool intrarun variation ranged from 0.06 to 0.26 log10 while the maximum interrun variation was 0.52 log10. High-positive HIV-1 RNA pool intrarun variation ranged from 0.04 to 0.32 log10, while the maximum interrun variation was 0.55 log10. In our patient population, a change in bDNA HIV-1 RNA results of ≤0.50 log10 over time most likely represents normal laboratory test variation. However, a change of >0.50 log10, especially if the results are >1,000 copies/ml, is likely to be significant. PMID:11329458

Intra- and interlaboratory variabilities of results obtained with the Quantiplex human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA bDNA assay, version 3.0.

PubMed

Kellogg, J A; Atria, P V; Sanders, J C; Eyster, M E

2001-05-01

Normal assay variation associated with bDNA tests for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA performed at two laboratories with different levels of test experience was investigated. Two 5-ml aliquots of blood in EDTA tubes were collected from each patient for whom the HIV-1 bDNA test was ordered. Blood was stored for no more than 4 h at room temperature prior to plasma separation. Plasma was stored at -70 degrees C until transported to the Central Pennsylvania Alliance Laboratory (CPAL; York, Pa.) and to the Hershey Medical Center (Hershey, Pa.) on dry ice. Samples were stored at < or =-70 degrees C at both laboratories prior to testing. Pools of negative (donor), low-HIV-1-RNA-positive, and high-HIV-1-RNA-positive plasma samples were also repeatedly tested at CPAL to determine both intra- and interrun variation. From 11 August 1999 until 14 September 2000, 448 patient specimens were analyzed in parallel at CPAL and Hershey. From 206 samples with results of > or =1,000 copies/ml at CPAL, 148 (72%) of the results varied by < or =0.20 log(10) when tested at Hershey and none varied by >0.50 log(10). However, of 242 specimens with results of <1,000 copies/ml at CPAL, 11 (5%) of the results varied by >0.50 log(10) when tested at Hershey. Of 38 aliquots of HIV-1 RNA pool negative samples included in 13 CPAL bDNA runs, 37 (97%) gave results of <50 copies/ml and 1 (3%) gave a result of 114 copies/ml. Low-positive HIV-1 RNA pool intrarun variation ranged from 0.06 to 0.26 log(10) while the maximum interrun variation was 0.52 log(10). High-positive HIV-1 RNA pool intrarun variation ranged from 0.04 to 0.32 log(10), while the maximum interrun variation was 0.55 log(10). In our patient population, a change in bDNA HIV-1 RNA results of < or =0.50 log(10) over time most likely represents normal laboratory test variation. However, a change of >0.50 log(10), especially if the results are >1,000 copies/ml, is likely to be significant.

Epistasis in intra- and inter-gene pool crosses of the common bean.

PubMed

Borel, J C; Ramalho, M A P; Abreu, A F B

2016-02-26

Epistasis has been shown to have an important role in the genetic control of several quantitative traits in the common bean. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of epistasis in intra- and inter-pool gene crosses of the common bean. Four elite lines adapted to Brazilian conditions were used as parents, two from the Andean gene pool (ESAL 686; BRS Radiante) and two from the Mesoamerican gene pool (BRSMG Majestoso; BRS Valente). Four F2 populations were obtained: "A" (ESAL 686 x BRS Radiante), "B" (BRSMG Majestoso x BRS Valente), "C" (BRS Radiante x BRSMG Majestoso), and "D" (BRS Valente x ESAL 686). A random sample of F2 plants from each population was backcrossed to parents and F1 individuals, according to the triple test cross. Three types of progenies from each population were evaluated in contiguous trials. Seed yield and 100-seed weight were evaluated. Dominance genetic variance was predominant in most cases. However, the estimates of genetic variance may be biased by the occurrence of linkage disequilibrium and epistasis. Epistasis was detected for both traits; however, the occurrence differed among the populations and between the two traits. The results of this study reinforce the hypothesis that epistasis is present in the genetic control of traits in the common bean and suggest that the phenomenon is more frequent in inter-gene pool crosses than in intra-gene pool crosses.

Parallel tagged next-generation sequencing on pooled samples - a new approach for population genetics in ecology and conservation.

PubMed

Zavodna, Monika; Grueber, Catherine E; Gemmell, Neil J

2013-01-01

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) on pooled samples has already been broadly applied in human medical diagnostics and plant and animal breeding. However, thus far it has been only sparingly employed in ecology and conservation, where it may serve as a useful diagnostic tool for rapid assessment of species genetic diversity and structure at the population level. Here we undertake a comprehensive evaluation of the accuracy, practicality and limitations of parallel tagged amplicon NGS on pooled population samples for estimating species population diversity and structure. We obtained 16S and Cyt b data from 20 populations of Leiopelma hochstetteri, a frog species of conservation concern in New Zealand, using two approaches - parallel tagged NGS on pooled population samples and individual Sanger sequenced samples. Data from each approach were then used to estimate two standard population genetic parameters, nucleotide diversity (π) and population differentiation (FST), that enable population genetic inference in a species conservation context. We found a positive correlation between our two approaches for population genetic estimates, showing that the pooled population NGS approach is a reliable, rapid and appropriate method for population genetic inference in an ecological and conservation context. Our experimental design also allowed us to identify both the strengths and weaknesses of the pooled population NGS approach and outline some guidelines and suggestions that might be considered when planning future projects.

A new "American" subgroup of African-lineage Chikungunya virus detected in and isolated from mosquitoes collected in Haiti, 2016.

PubMed

White, Sarah Keller; Mavian, Carla; Salemi, Marco; Morris, John Glenn; Elbadry, Maha A; Okech, Bernard A; Lednicky, John A; Dunford, James C

2018-01-01

As part of on-going arboviral surveillance activity in a semi-rural region in Haiti, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-positive mosquito pools were identified in 2014 (the peak of the Caribbean Asian-clade epidemic), and again in 2016 by RT-PCR. In 2014, CHIKV was only identified in Aedes aegypti (11 positive pools/124 screened). In contrast, in sampling in 2016, CHIKV was not identified in Ae. aegypti, but, rather, in (a) a female Aedes albopictus pool, and (b) a female Culex quinquefasciatus pool. Genomic sequence analyses indicated that the CHIKV viruses in the 2016 mosquito pools were from the East-Central-South African (ECSA) lineage, rather than the Asian lineage. In phylogenetic studies, these ECSA lineage strains form a new ECSA subgroup (subgroup IIa) together with Brazilian ECSA lineage strains from an isolated human outbreak in 2014, and a mosquito pool in 2016. Additional analyses date the most recent common ancestor of the ECSA IIa subgroup around May 2007, and the 2016 Haitian CHIKV genomes around December 2015. Known CHIKV mutations associated with improved Ae. albopictus vector competence were not identified. Isolation of this newly identified lineage from Ae. albopictus is of concern, as this vector has a broader geographic range than Ae. aegypti, especially in temperate areas of North America, and stresses the importance for continued vector surveillance.

The effectiveness of video prompting on teaching aquatic play skills for children with autism.

PubMed

Yanardag, Mehmet; Akmanoglu, Nurgul; Yilmaz, Ilker

2013-01-01

To investigate the effectiveness of the video prompting procedure on teaching aquatic play skills and to determine the effects of aquatic exercise training on the motor performance of children with autism. A multiple probe design across behaviours was used and replicated across subjects for the instructional part of this study. Pretest-posttest design was applied for the exercise training part of this study. Three children with autism were taught three aquatic play skills in a one-to-one training format. Aquatic play skills intervention and aquatic exercise training were performed separately throughout 12 weeks at three sessions per week, each lasting 1 h. The video prompting procedure was utilized for the instruction part of this study. Video prompting was effective in teaching aquatic play skills to children with autism. In addition, aquatic exercise training increased the total motor performance scores of all the participants after 12 weeks. According to the social validity results, the families gave positive feedback about the learned skills and movement capabilities of their children. Aquatic play skills and swimming pools are favoured for children with autism. This attractive intervention is recommended as a means to extend knowledge of leisure skills and motor development of children with autism.

Pooling sheep faecal samples for the assessment of anthelmintic drug efficacy using McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC in gastrointestinal strongyle and Nematodirus infection.

PubMed

Kenyon, Fiona; Rinaldi, Laura; McBean, Dave; Pepe, Paola; Bosco, Antonio; Melville, Lynsey; Devin, Leigh; Mitchell, Gillian; Ianniello, Davide; Charlier, Johannes; Vercruysse, Jozef; Cringoli, Giuseppe; Levecke, Bruno

2016-07-30

In small ruminants, faecal egg counts (FECs) and reduction in FECs (FECR) are the most common methods for the assessment of intensity of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes infections and anthelmintic drug efficacy, respectively. The main limitation of these methods is the time and cost to conduct FECs on a representative number of individual animals. A cost-saving alternative would be to examine pooled faecal samples, however little is known regarding whether pooling can give representative results. In the present study, we compared the FECR results obtained by both an individual and a pooled examination strategy across different pool sizes and analytical sensitivity of the FEC techniques. A survey was conducted on 5 sheep farms in Scotland, where anthelmintic resistance is known to be widespread. Lambs were treated with fenbendazole (4 groups), levamisole (3 groups), ivermectin (3 groups) or moxidectin (1 group). For each group, individual faecal samples were collected from 20 animals, at baseline (D0) and 14 days after (D14) anthelmintic administration. Faecal samples were analyzed as pools of 3-5, 6-10, and 14-20 individual samples. Both individual and pooled samples were screened for GI strongyle and Nematodirus eggs using two FEC techniques with three different levels of analytical sensitivity, including Mini-FLOTAC (analytical sensitivity of 10 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG)) and McMaster (analytical sensitivity of 15 or 50 EPG).For both Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (analytical sensitivity of 15 EPG), there was a perfect agreement in classifying the efficacy of the anthelmintic as 'normal', 'doubtful' or 'reduced' regardless of pool size. When using the McMaster method (analytical sensitivity of 50 EPG) anthelmintic efficacy was often falsely classified as 'normal' or assessment was not possible due to zero FECs at D0, and this became more pronounced when the pool size increased. In conclusion, pooling ovine faecal samples holds promise as a cost-saving and efficient strategy for assessing GI nematode FECR. However, for the assessment FECR one will need to consider the baseline FEC, pool size and analytical sensitivity of the method. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Response of SOM Decomposition to Anthropogenic N Deposition: Simulations From the PnET-SOM Model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tonitto, C.; Goodale, C. L.; Ollinger, S. V.; Jenkins, J. P.

2008-12-01

Anthropogenic forcing of the C and N cycles has caused rapid change in atmospheric CO2 and N deposition, with complex and uncertain effects on forest C and N balance. With some exceptions, models of forest ecosystem response to anthropogenic perturbation have historically focused more on aboveground than belowground processes; the complexity of soil organic matter (SOM) is often represented with abstract or incomplete SOM pools, and remains difficult to quantify. We developed a model of SOM dynamics in northern hardwood forests with explicit feedbacks between C and N cycles. The soil model is linked to the aboveground dynamics of the PnET model to form PnET-SOM. The SOM model includes: 1) physically measurable SOM pools, including humic and mineral-associated SOM in O, A, and B soil horizons, 2) empirical soil turnover times based on 14C data, 3) alternative SOM decomposition algorithms with and without explicit microbial processing, and 4) soluble element transport explicitly linked to the hydrologic cycle. We tested model sensitivity to changes in litter decomposition rate (k) and completeness of decomposition (limit value) by altering these parameters based on experimental observations from long-term litter decomposition experiments with N fertilization treatments. After a 100 year simulation, the Oe+Oa horizon SOC pool was reduced by 15 % and the A-horizon humified SOC was reduced by 7 % for N deposition scenarios relative to forests without N fertilization. In contrast, predictions for slower time-scale pools showed negligible variation in response to variation in the limit values tested, with A-horizon mineral SOC pools reduced by < 3 % and B-horizon mineral SOC reduced by 0.1 % for N deposition scenarios relative to forests without N fertilization. The model was also used to test the effect of varying initial litter decomposition rate to simulate response to N deposition. In contrast to the effect of varying limit values, simulations in which only k-values were varied did not drastically alter the predicted SOC pool distribution throughout the soil profile, but did significantly alter the Oi SOC pool. These results suggest that describing soil response to N deposition via alteration of the limit value alone, or as a combined alteration of limit value and the initial decomposition rate, can lead to significant variation in predicted long-term C storage.

34 CFR 674.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program TEACH Grant Undergraduate student (b) The... entity to a student who has demonstrated to the institution or the entity (through standards or methods...

34 CFR 674.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program TEACH Grant Undergraduate student (b) The... entity to a student who has demonstrated to the institution or the entity (through standards or methods...

34 CFR 674.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant Program TEACH Grant Undergraduate student (b) The... entity to a student who has demonstrated to the institution or the entity (through standards or methods...

Development of an Instrument to Assess Prospective Elementary Teacher Self-Efficacy Beliefs about Equitable Science Teaching and Learning (SEBEST)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ritter, Jennifer M.; Boone, William J.; Rubba, Peter A.

2001-06-01

This paper presents an overview of the procedures used to develop and validate an instrument to measure the self-efficacy beliefs of prospective elementary teachers about equitable science teaching and learning. The instrument, titled the SEBEST, was based on the work of Ashton and Webb (1986a, 1986b) and Bandura (1977, 1986). It was modeled after the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI) (Riggs, 1988) and the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument for Prospective Teachers (STEBI-B) (Enochs & Riggs, 1990). Based on the standardized development procedures used and associated evidence, the SEBEST appears to be a content and construct valid instrument, with high internal reliability qualities. "Most probable response" plots are introduced and used to bring meaning to SEBEST raw scores.

47 CFR 90.303 - Availability of frequencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... table lists frequency bands that are available for assignment in specific urban areas. The available... available for use by eligibles in the Public Safety Radio Pool in the following areas: New York City; Nassau...)” curve in Figure B in 47 CFR 90.309(b). (ii) For base stations located west of the Hudson River, Kill Van...

A critical evaluation of the local-equilibrium assumption in modeling NAPL-pool dissolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seagren, Eric A.; Rittmann, Bruce E.; Valocchi, Albert J.

1999-07-01

An analytical modeling analysis was used to assess when local equilibrium (LE) and nonequilibrium (NE) modeling approaches may be appropriate for describing nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) pool dissolution. NE mass-transfer between NAPL pools and groundwater is expected to affect the dissolution flux under conditions corresponding to values of Sh'St (the modified Sherwood number ( Lxkl/ Dz) multiplied by the Stanton number ( kl/ vx))<≈400. A small Sh'St can be brought about by one or more of: a large average pore water velocity ( vx), a large transverse dispersivity ( αz), a small pool length ( Lx), or a small mass-transfer coefficient ( kl). On the other hand, at Sh'St>≈400, the NE and LE solutions converge, and the LE assumption is appropriate. Based on typical groundwater conditions, many cases of interest are expected to fall in this range. The parameter with the greatest impact on Sh'St is kl. The NAPL pool mass-transfer coefficient correlation of Pfannkuch [Pfannkuch, H.-O., 1984. Determination of the contaminant source strength from mass exchange processes at the petroleum-ground-water interface in shallow aquifer systems. In: Proceedings of the NWWA/API Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water—Prevention, Detection, and Restoration, Houston, TX. Natl. Water Well Assoc., Worthington, OH, Nov. 1984, pp. 111-129.] was evaluated using the toluene pool data from Seagren et al. [Seagren, E.A., Rittmann, B.E., Valocchi, A.J., 1998. An experimental investigation of NAPL-pool dissolution enhancement by flushing. J. Contam. Hydrol., accepted.]. Dissolution flux predictions made with kl calculated using the Pfannkuch correlation were similar to the LE model predictions, and deviated systematically from predictions made using the average overall kl=4.76 m/day estimated by Seagren et al. [Seagren, E.A., Rittmann, B.E., Valocchi, A.J., 1998. An experimental investigation of NAPL-pool dissolution enhancement by flushing. J. Contam. Hydrol., accepted.] and from the experimental data for vx>18 m/day. The Pfannkuch correlation kl was too large for vx>≈10 m/day, possibly because of the relatively low Peclet number data used by Pfannkuch [Pfannkuch, H.-O., 1984. Determination of the contaminant source strength from mass exchange processes at the petroleum-ground-water interface in shallow aquifer systems. In: Proceedings of the NWWA/API Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Ground Water—Prevention, Detection, and Restoration, Houston, TX. Natl. Water Well Assoc., Worthington, OH, Nov. 1984, pp. 111-129.]. The results of the modeling analyses were evaluated by comparing pool dissolution fluxes from the literature to each other and to the corresponding LE and NE model predictions. The LE model described most of the pool dissolution flux data reasonably well, given the uncertainty in some of the model parameter estimates, suggesting that the LE model can be a useful tool for describing steady-state NAPL pool dissolution under some conditions. However, a conclusive test of the LE assumption was difficult due to the limited range of experimental conditions covered and the uncertainties in some of the model input parameters, including the mass-transfer coefficient correlation required for the NE model.

24 CFR 7.13 - Responsibilities of the Assistant Secretary for Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... The Assistant Secretary for Administration shall: (a) Provide leadership in developing and maintaining... characteristics of the pool of individuals applying for an employment opportunity. (b) Provide positive assistance...

26 CFR 1.1394-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... to pooled financing bond and loan recycling programs. (g) Limitation on amount of bonds. (1... loan recycling programs. (4) Section 150(b)(4) inapplicable. (o) Refunding bonds. (1) In general. (2...

26 CFR 1.1394-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... to pooled financing bond and loan recycling programs. (g) Limitation on amount of bonds. (1... loan recycling programs. (4) Section 150(b)(4) inapplicable. (o) Refunding bonds. (1) In general. (2...

26 CFR 1.1394-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to pooled financing bond and loan recycling programs. (g) Limitation on amount of bonds. (1... loan recycling programs. (4) Section 150(b)(4) inapplicable. (o) Refunding bonds. (1) In general. (2...

26 CFR 1.1394-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... to pooled financing bond and loan recycling programs. (g) Limitation on amount of bonds. (1... loan recycling programs. (4) Section 150(b)(4) inapplicable. (o) Refunding bonds. (1) In general. (2...

Inventory of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic strata in Sonora, Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stewart, John H.; Poole, Forrest G.

2002-01-01

This compilation is an inventory of all known outcrops of Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic strata in Sonora, Mexico. We have not attempted an interpretation of the regional stratigraphic or structural setting of the strata. Brief summaries of the stratigraphic setting of the Sonora rocks are given in Poole and Hayes (1971), Rangin (1978), Stewart and others (1984, 1990), and Poole and Madrid (1986; 1988b). More specific information on the setting of strata of specific ages are given by Stewart and others (2002) for the Neoproterozoic and Cambrian; by Poole and others (1995a) for Ordovician shelf strata; by Poole and others (1995b) for Ordovician deep-water openbasin strata; by Poole and others (1997, 1998, 2000a) for Silurian strata; and by Poole and others (2000a) for Mississippian strata. Other reports that discuss regional aspects of Paleozoic stratigraphy include López-Ramos (1982), Peiffer-Rangin, (1979, 1988), Pérez-Ramos (1992), and Stewart and others (1997, 1999a). Structurally, the major Paleozoic feature of Sonora is the Sonora allochthon, consisting of deep-water (eugeoclinal) strata emplaced in the Permian over shelf (miogeoclinal) deposits (Poole and others, 1995a,b; Poole and Perry, 1997; 1998). The emplacement structure is generally considered to be a major Permian continental margin thrust fault that emplaced the deep-water rocks northward over shelf (miogeoclinal) deposits. An alternate interpretation has been presented by Stewart and others (2002). He proposed that the emplacement of the Sonora allochthon was along a major Permian transpressional structure that was primarily a strike-slip fault with only a minor thrust component . The Mojave-Sonora megashear has been proposed to disrupt Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic trends in Sonora. This feature is a hypothetical, left-lateral, northwest-striking fault extending across northern Sonora and the southwestern United States (Silver and Anderson, 1974; Anderson and Schmidt, 1983). It is proposed to have Jurassic displacements of about 700-800 km. Current opinion is mixed concerning whether the Mojave-Sonora megashear exists (see discussions and references in Stewart and others, 1990; 1999a). The inventory presented here is the product of a search of the literature for described Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic localities and our examination of a large number of the outcrops in the field. The individual localities are described by reference letters and numbers, locality name, latitude and longitude, a brief text on the stratigraphy of the strata, and references. Figure 1 is an index showing the location of Sonora and the location of figure 2. The location of a few localites that are outside of figure 2 are also shown on figure 1. We also include a separate description of localities that have been erroneously reported, on the based of our field examinations, to contain Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic rocks. We include a brief description of problematic strata in southern Sonora that have been described as Paleozoic, but may be at least in part Mesozoic. Figures 3-11 show the distribution of Neoproterozoic, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian strata in Sonora.

A Study on Attitude and Opinion towards Using Computer Technology in Teaching among B.Ed. Trainees in Tiruchirappalli District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumar, C. Ashok

2015-01-01

The main aim of the study was to find out whether there was a significant difference in the attitude and opinion towards using Computer Technology in teaching among B.Ed., trainees in terms of select independent variables. Normative survey was the technique employed. Opinion towards Computer Usage and Attitude towards Computer Technology inventory…

"Sending Gossoons to Be Made Oul' Mollies of": Rule 127(b) and the Feminisation of Teaching in Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhroimeil, Una Ni

2006-01-01

This article examines a decision known as Rule 127(b), taken in 1905 by the National Commissioners for Education in Ireland. The rule raised concerns about the displacement of male teachers and their replacement with poorly paid and sometimes untrained females. It appeared to condone the sexual division of labour with women teaching in infant…

Teaching the Students and Not the Book: Addressing the Problem of Culture Teaching in EFL in Argentina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moirano, María Carolina

2012-01-01

The aim of this study was to discover teachers' attitudes towards culture in the EFL classroom in three different institutions in La Plata, Argentina. In order to do this, eleven EFL teachers who were using three different EFL textbooks (World English 3, Laser B1+, and Upstream B2+) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Also,…

Personality and Depressive Symptoms: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies

PubMed Central

Hakulinen, Christian; Elovainio, Marko; Pulkki-Råback, Laura; Virtanen, Marianna; Kivimäki, Mika; Jokela, Markus

2015-01-01

Background Personality is suggested to be a major risk factor for depression but large-scale individual-participant meta-analyses on this topic are lacking. Method Data from 10 prospective community cohort studies with a total of 117 899 participants (mean age 49.0 years; 54.7% women) were pooled for individual-participant meta-analysis to determine the association between personality traits of the Five Factor Model and risk of depressive symptoms. Results In cross-sectional analysis, low extraversion (pooled standardized regression coefficient (B)=-0.08; 95 % confidence interval=-0.11, -0.04), high neuroticism (B=0.39; 0.32, 0.45), and low conscientiousness (B=-0.09; -0.10, -0.06) were associated with depressive symptoms. Similar associations were observed in longitudinal analyses adjusted for baseline depressive symptoms (n=56,735; mean follow-up of 5.0 years): low extraversion (B=-0.03; -0.05, -0.01), high neuroticism (B=0.12; 0.10, 0.13), and low conscientiousness (B=-0.04; -0.06, -0.02) were associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms at follow-up. In turn, depressive symptoms were associated with personality change in extraversion (B=-0.07; 95 % CI=-0.12, -0.02), neuroticism (B=0.23; 0.09, 0.36), agreeableness (B=-0.09; -0.15, -0.04), conscientiousness (B=-0.14; -0.21, -0.07), and openness to experience (B=-0.04; -0.08, 0.00). Conclusions Personality traits are prospectively associated with the development of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms, in turn, are associated with changes in personality that may be temporary or persistent. PMID:26014798

Teacher's Personality Type and Techniques of Teaching Pronunciation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shabani, Karim; Ghasemian, Atefeh

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to identify the most frequent techniques of teaching pronunciation used by Iranian EFL teachers and, (b) to find out any relationship between teacher's extroversion/introversion personality type and their techniques of teaching pronunciation. To this end, following an online survey a cohort of 60 teachers…

The Effects of Three Styles of Teaching on the Psychomotor Performance and Social Skill Development of Fifth Grade Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldberger, Michael; And Others

1982-01-01

The effectiveness of three teaching styles in promoting motor skill acquisition and social skill development were examined in 96 fifth-grade students. Styles B, C, and E from Mosston's "Spectrum of Teaching Styles" appeared to be beneficial in helping students learn motor skills. (CJ)

Three-Dimensional Instruction: Using a New Type of Teaching in the Science Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krajcik, Joe

2015-01-01

Science teaching and learning in the United States are at a pivotal point. "A Framework for K-12 Science Education" (NRC 2012b) and the "Next Generation Science Standards" ("NGSS"; NGSS Lead States 2013) shift science educators' focus from simply teaching science ideas to helping students figure out phenomena and…

High Tech Cooking: A Literature Review of Evolving Technologies for Teaching a Functional Skill

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mechling, Linda C.

2008-01-01

This review synthesizes the empirical literature (1986-2006) focusing on teaching cooking skills to persons with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities. Twenty-two studies were identified which provided information on four forms of technologies currently being used to teach food preparation: (a) picture-based systems; (b) Palmtop personal…

The Relationship between Teaching Presence and Student Satisfaction in Online Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ondrey, Zella L.

2017-01-01

Grounded in the theoretical framework of Moore's Theory of Transactional Distance and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) Theory, this dissertation sought to (a) examine the relationship between the three components of teaching presence and student satisfaction, (b) determine which component of teaching presence is most closely associated with student…

Interactive Whiteboards for Teaching and Learning Science: Ascertaining Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mata, Liliana; Lazar, Gabriel; Lazar, Iuliana

2016-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to analyze of latest research focused on the investigation of interactive whiteboards used in teaching and learning Science. In the theoretical framework the main objectives are: a) the identification of specific research regarding the integration of interactive whiteboards in teaching and learning Science and b) the…

Quality Physical Education: A Commentary on Effective Physical Education Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dyson, Ben

2014-01-01

In my commentary in response to the 3 articles (McKenzie & Lounsbery, 2013; Rink, 2013; Ward, 2013), I focus on 3 areas: (a) content knowledge, (b) a holistic approach to physical education, and (c) policy impact. I use the term "quality teaching" rather than "teacher effectiveness." Quality teaching is a term with the…

Is "Connected Teaching" in Mathematics a Gender-Equitable Pedagogy for Adults?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller-Reilly, Barbara

2008-01-01

"Connected teaching" is a feminist theory first proposed by Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger and Tarule (1996, p. 214) then related to the teaching of mathematics by Becker (1995, 1996), Buerk (1994b) and Morrow (1996). The theory of intellectual development elaborated by Belenky and her colleagues uncovered themes common to many women's…

The Importance of Teaching Methodology in Moral Education of Sport Populations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoll, Sharon Kay; And Others

Three approaches to teaching moral reasoning were implemented by expert teachers in classes at three small colleges and outcomes were compared. Teaching models included the following: Model A, a "good reasoned" approach in which students discussed scenarios and determined the best course of action; Model B, a teacher-centered lecture,…

Prevalance of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups in Blood Donors: A Study from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Kumaon Region of Uttarakhand.

PubMed

Garg, Parul; Upadhyay, Saloni; Chufal, Sanjay Singh; Hasan, Yuman; Tayal, Ishwer

2014-12-01

Backround: ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens are hereditary characters and are useful in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly for the immunologic safety of blood during transfusion. This study is aimed to determine the distribution pattern of the ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand and compare it with other data from similar studies within the India and all over the world. It is a retrospective study carried out at blood bank of Shushila Tewari Hospital of Government Medical College, Haldwani from January 2012 to December 2013. The study was conducted on 12,701 blood donors. ABO and Rh typing was done using slide agglutination method with antisera ABO and Rh (Tulip diagnostics ltd). Doubtful cases were confirmed by tube agglutination method and reverse grouping using known pooled A and B cells. The age group and sex of donors, frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups were reported in simple percentages. The predominant donors belonged to age group between 18-35years (84.28%). Male donors were more than female donors, ratio being 352:1. Replacement donors (99.71%) were much more than voluntary donors (0.91%). The most common blood group was B (32.07%) and least common being AB (10.53%). Blood group 'O' and 'A' had same frequency. The prevalence of Rhesus positive and negative distribution in the studied population was 94.49% and 5.51% respectively. Blood group frequency with respect to ABO and Rhesus positive was found to be shown by formula B> O>A >AB. The frequency for ABO and Rhesus negative was given by the formula B>A>O>AB. Knowledge of frequencies of the different blood groups is very important for blood banks and transfusion service policies that could contribute significantly to the National Health System.

Bayesian Analysis of Silica Exposure and Lung Cancer Using Human and Animal Studies.

PubMed

Bartell, Scott M; Hamra, Ghassan Badri; Steenland, Kyle

2017-03-01

Bayesian methods can be used to incorporate external information into epidemiologic exposure-response analyses of silica and lung cancer. We used data from a pooled mortality analysis of silica and lung cancer (n = 65,980), using untransformed and log-transformed cumulative exposure. Animal data came from chronic silica inhalation studies using rats. We conducted Bayesian analyses with informative priors based on the animal data and different cross-species extrapolation factors. We also conducted analyses with exposure measurement error corrections in the absence of a gold standard, assuming Berkson-type error that increased with increasing exposure. The pooled animal data exposure-response coefficient was markedly higher (log exposure) or lower (untransformed exposure) than the coefficient for the pooled human data. With 10-fold uncertainty, the animal prior had little effect on results for pooled analyses and only modest effects in some individual studies. One-fold uncertainty produced markedly different results for both pooled and individual studies. Measurement error correction had little effect in pooled analyses using log exposure. Using untransformed exposure, measurement error correction caused a 5% decrease in the exposure-response coefficient for the pooled analysis and marked changes in some individual studies. The animal prior had more impact for smaller human studies and for one-fold versus three- or 10-fold uncertainty. Adjustment for Berkson error using Bayesian methods had little effect on the exposure-response coefficient when exposure was log transformed or when the sample size was large. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B160.

Understanding the Dynamics of the South Indian Ocean Sea Surface Salinity Maximum Pool From Argo, Rama, Aquarius, SMOS & Other Satellites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menezes, V. V.; Phillips, H. E.

2016-02-01

Subtropical salinity maximum regions are particularly important because the salty subtropical underwater (STW) is formed by subduction of surface waters in these areas. In all oceans, the STW is transported equatorward from the formation region and are tightly related to the Subtropical-Tropical Cell. In the South Indian Ocean (SIO), the salinity maximum pool is further poleward (25S-38S) and eastward (60E-120E). It significantly impacts the circulation of the eastern basin, because the STW forms a strong haline front with the fresh Indonesian Throughflow waters. This haline front overwhelms the temperature contribution establishing the eastward Eastern Gyral Current, an important upstream source for the Leeuwin Current. In the present work, we analyze the variability of the SSS maximum pool using Aquarius and SMOS satellites, an Argo gridded product and the RAMA mooring located at 25S-100E. OAFLUX, 3B42 TRMM, Ascat/Quikscat winds and OSCAR products complement this study. The salinity maximum pool has a strong seasonal cycle of contraction (min in Oct) and expansion (max in April), and most of this variation occurs in the pool poleward side. Advection and entrainment control the contraction, while expansion is due to atmospheric forcing (E-P). From 2004 to 2014, a clear reduction in the pool area is identified, which might be related to a decadal variability. In this case, the variation is in the equatorward side of the pool. Processes controlling this long-term variability are being investigated.

Distribution of ixodid ticks on dogs in Nuevo León, Mexico, and their association with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.

PubMed

Galaviz-Silva, Lucio; Pérez-Treviño, Karla Carmelita; Molina-Garza, Zinnia J

2013-12-01

This study aimed to document the geographic distribution of Ixodes tick species in dogs and the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in adult ticks and blood samples by amplification of the ospA region of the B. burgdorferi genome. The study area included nine localities in Nuevo León state. DNA amplification was performed on pools of ticks to calculate the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and the community composition (prevalence, abundance, and intensity of infestation) was recorded. A total of 2,543 adult ticks, representing four species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor variabilis, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, and Amblyomma cajennense, were recorded from 338 infested dogs. Statistically significant correlations were observed between female dogs and infestation (P = 0.0003) and between R. sanguineus and locality (P = 0.0001). Dogs sampled in Guadalupe and Estanzuela were positive by PCR (0.9 %) for B. burgdorferi. Rhipicephalus sanguineus had the highest abundance, intensity, and prevalence (10.57, 7.12 and 94.6, respectively). PCR results from 256 pools showed that four pools were positive for D. variabilis (1.6 %), with an MLE of 9.2 %; nevertheless, it is important to consider that in the area under examination probably other reservoir hosts for D. variabilis and B. burgdorferi are present that, very likely, play a much more important role in the ecology of Lyme borreliosis than dogs, which could be considered in future studies.

Borrelia burgdorferi Not Confirmed in Human-Biting Amblyomma americanum Ticks from the Southeastern United States

PubMed Central

Nadolny, Robyn M.; Gibbons, Jennifer A.; Auckland, Lisa D.; Vince, Mary A.; Elkins, Chad E.; Murphy, Michael P.; Hickling, Graham J.; Eshoo, Mark W.; Carolan, Heather E.; Crowder, Chris D.; Pilgard, Mark A.; Hamer, Sarah A.

2015-01-01

The predominant human-biting tick throughout the southeastern United States is Amblyomma americanum. Its ability to transmit pathogens causing Lyme disease-like illnesses is a subject of ongoing controversy. Results of previous testing by the Department of Defense Human Tick Test Kit Program and other laboratories indicated that it is highly unlikely that A. americanum transmits any pathogen that causes Lyme disease. In contrast, a recent publication by Clark and colleagues (K. L. Clark, B. Leydet, and S. Hartman, Int. J. Med. Sci. 10:915–931, 2013) reported detection of Lyme group Borrelia in A. americanum using a nested-flagellin-gene PCR. We evaluated this assay by using it and other assays to test 1,097 A. americanum ticks collected from humans. Using the Clark assay, in most samples we observed nonspecific amplification and nonrepeatability of results on subsequent testing of samples. Lack of reaction specificity and repeatability is consistent with mispriming, likely due to high primer concentrations and low annealing temperatures in this protocol. In six suspect-positive samples, Borrelia lonestari was identified by sequencing of an independent gene region; this is not a Lyme group spirochete and is not considered zoonotic. B. burgdorferi was weakly amplified from one pool using some assays, but not others, and attempts to sequence the amplicon of this pool failed, as did attempts to amplify and sequence B. burgdorferi from the five individual samples comprising this pool. Therefore, B. burgdorferi was not confirmed in any sample. Our results do not support the hypothesis that A. americanum ticks are a vector for Lyme group Borrelia infections. PMID:25788545

Dissecting the molecular architecture and origin of Bayash Romani patrilineages: genetic influences from South-Asia and the Balkans.

PubMed

Klarić, Irena Martinović; Salihović, Marijana Pericić; Lauc, Lovorka Barać; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Rootsi, Siiri; Janićijević, Branka

2009-03-01

The Bayash are a branch of Romanian speaking Roma living dispersedly in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. To better understand the molecular architecture and origin of the Croatian Bayash paternal gene pool, 151 Bayash Y chromosomes were analyzed for 16 SNPs and 17 STRs and compared with European Romani and non-Romani majority populations from Europe, Turkey, and South Asia. Two main layers of Bayash paternal gene pool were identified: ancestral (Indian) and recent (European). The reduced diversity and expansion signals of H1a patrilineages imply descent from closely related paternal ancestors who could have settled in the Indian subcontinent, possibly as early as between the eighth and tenth centuries AD. The recent layer of the Bayash paternal pool is dominated by a specific subset of E1b1b1a lineages that are not found in the Balkan majority populations. At least two private mutational events occurred in the Bayash during their migrations from the southern Balkans toward Romania. Additional admixture, evident in the low frequencies of typical European haplogroups, J2, R1a, I1, R1b1b2, G, and I2a, took place primarily during the early Bayash settlement in the Balkans and the Romani bondage in Romania. Our results indicate two phenomena in the Bayash and analyzed Roma: a significant preservation of ancestral H1a haplotypes as a result of considerable, but variable level of endogamy and isolation and differential distribution of less frequent, but typical European lineages due to different patterns of the early demographic history in Europe marked by differential admixture and genetic drift. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Ca2+-dependent dephosphorylation of kinesin heavy chain on beta-granules in pancreatic beta-cells. Implications for regulated beta-granule transport and insulin exocytosis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Donelan, Matthew J.; Morfini, Gerardo; Julyan, Richard; Sommers, Scott; Hays, Lori; Kajio, Hiroshi; Briaud, Isabelle; Easom, Richard A.; Molkentin, Jeffery D.; Brady, Scott T.;

Recognition of Core- and Polymerase-derived immunogenic peptides included in novel therapeutic vaccine by T cells from Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients.

PubMed

Huang, D; Sansas, B; Jiang, J H; Gong, Q M; Jin, G D; Calais, V; Yu, D M; Zhu, M Y; Wei, D; Zhang, D H; Inchauspé, G; Zhang, X X; Zhu, R

2017-11-01

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the major public health challenges in the world. Due to a strong interplay between specific T-cell immunity and elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV), efforts to develop novel immunotherapeutics are gaining attention. TG1050, a novel immunotherapy, has shown efficacy in an animal study. To support the clinical development of TG1050 in China, specific immunity to the fusion antigens of TG1050 was assessed in Chinese patients. One hundred and thirty subjects were divided into three groups as CHB patients, HBV spontaneous resolvers, and CHB patients with HBsAg loss after antiviral treatment. HBV-specific T-cell responses to pools of HBV Core or Polymerase genotype D peptides included in TG1050 were evaluated. HBV Core- or Polymerase-specific cells were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the different cohorts. The frequencies and intensities of HBV Core-specific immune responses were significantly lower in CHB patients than in HBsAg loss subjects. In CHB patients, a dominant pool derived from Polymerase (Pol1) was the most immunogenic. CHB patients with low viral loads (<10 6 IU/mL) were more likely to have a positive response specific to the Core peptide pool. Overall, genotype D-derived peptides included in TG1050 could raise broad and functional T-cell responses in PBMCs from Chinese CHB patients infected with genotype B/C isolates. Core-specific immunogenic domains appeared as "hot spots" with the capacity to differentiate between CHB vs HBsAg loss subjects. These observations support the extended application and associated immune monitoring of TG1050 in China. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Viral Hepatitis Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Spectral determination of concentrations of functionally diverse pigments in increasingly complex arctic tundra canopies.

PubMed

Boelman, Natalie T; Magney, Troy S; Logan, Barry A; Griffin, Kevin L; Eitel, Jan U H; Greaves, Heather; Prager, Case M; Vierling, Lee A

2016-09-01

As the Arctic warms, tundra vegetation is becoming taller and more structurally complex, as tall deciduous shrubs become increasingly dominant. Emerging studies reveal that shrubs exhibit photosynthetic resource partitioning, akin to forests, that may need accounting for in the "big leaf" net ecosystem exchange models. We conducted a lab experiment on sun and shade leaves from S. pulchra shrubs to determine the influence of both constitutive (slowly changing bulk carotenoid and chlorophyll pools) and facultative (rapidly changing xanthophyll cycle) pigment pools on a suite of spectral vegetation indices, to devise a rapid means of estimating within canopy resource partitioning. We found that: (1) the PRI of dark-adapted shade leaves (PRIo) was double that of sun leaves, and that PRIo was sensitive to variation among sun and shade leaves in both xanthophyll cycle pool size (V + A + Z) (r (2) = 0.59) and Chla/b (r (2) = 0.64); (2) A corrected PRI (difference between dark and illuminated leaves, ΔPRI) was more sensitive to variation among sun and shade leaves in changes to the epoxidation state of their xanthophyll cycle pigments (dEPS) (r (2) = 0.78, RMSE = 0.007) compared to the uncorrected PRI of illuminated leaves (PRI) (r (2) = 0.34, RMSE = 0.02); and (3) the SR680 index was correlated with each of (V + A + Z), lutein, bulk carotenoids, (V + A + Z)/(Chla + b), and Chla/b (r (2) range = 0.52-0.69). We suggest that ΔPRI be employed as a proxy for facultative pigment dynamics, and the SR680 for the estimation of constitutive pigment pools. We contribute the first Arctic-specific information on disentangling PRI-pigment relationships, and offer insight into how spectral indices can assess resource partitioning within shrub tundra canopies.

Student performance and their perception of a patient-oriented problem-solving approach with audiovisual aids in teaching pathology: a comparison with traditional lectures

PubMed Central

Singh, Arjun

2011-01-01

Purpose We use different methods to train our undergraduates. The patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) system is an innovative teaching–learning method that imparts knowledge, enhances intrinsic motivation, promotes self learning, encourages clinical reasoning, and develops long-lasting memory. The aim of this study was to develop POPS in teaching pathology, assess its effectiveness, and assess students’ preference for POPS over didactic lectures. Method One hundred fifty second-year MBBS students were divided into two groups: A and B. Group A was taught by POPS while group B was taught by traditional lectures. Pre- and posttest numerical scores of both groups were evaluated and compared. Students then completed a self-structured feedback questionnaire for analysis. Results The mean (SD) difference in pre- and post-test scores of groups A and B was 15.98 (3.18) and 7.79 (2.52), respectively. The significance of the difference between scores of group A and group B teaching methods was 16.62 (P < 0.0001), as determined by the z-test. Improvement in post-test performance of group A was significantly greater than of group B, demonstrating the effectiveness of POPS. Students responded that POPS facilitates self-learning, helps in understanding topics, creates interest, and is a scientific approach to teaching. Feedback response on POPS was strong in 57.52% of students, moderate in 35.67%, and negative in only 6.81%, showing that 93.19% students favored POPS over simple lectures. Conclusion It is not feasible to enforce the PBL method of teaching throughout the entire curriculum; However, POPS can be incorporated along with audiovisual aids to break the monotony of dialectic lectures and as alternative to PBL. PMID:23745071

High-resolution phylogenetic analysis of southeastern Europe traces major episodes of paternal gene flow among Slavic populations.

PubMed

Pericić, Marijana; Lauc, Lovorka Barać; Klarić, Irena Martinović; Rootsi, Siiri; Janićijevic, Branka; Rudan, Igor; Terzić, Rifet; Colak, Ivanka; Kvesić, Ante; Popović, Dan; Sijacki, Ana; Behluli, Ibrahim; Dordevic, Dobrivoje; Efremovska, Ljudmila; Bajec, Dorde D; Stefanović, Branislav D; Villems, Richard; Rudan, Pavao

2005-10-01

The extent and nature of southeastern Europe (SEE) paternal genetic contribution to the European genetic landscape were explored based on a high-resolution Y chromosome analysis involving 681 males from seven populations in the region. Paternal lineages present in SEE were compared with previously published data from 81 western Eurasian populations and 5,017 Y chromosome samples. The finding that five major haplogroups (E3b1, I1b* (xM26), J2, R1a, and R1b) comprise more than 70% of SEE total genetic variation is consistent with the typical European Y chromosome gene pool. However, distribution of major Y chromosomal lineages and estimated expansion signals clarify the specific role of this region in structuring of European, and particularly Slavic, paternal genetic heritage. Contemporary Slavic paternal gene pool, mostly characterized by the predominance of R1a and I1b* (xM26) and scarcity of E3b1 lineages, is a result of two major prehistoric gene flows with opposite directions: the post-Last Glacial Maximum R1a expansion from east to west, the Younger Dryas-Holocene I1b* (xM26) diffusion out of SEE in addition to subsequent R1a and I1b* (xM26) putative gene flows between eastern Europe and SEE, and a rather weak extent of E3b1 diffusion toward regions nowadays occupied by Slavic-speaking populations.

The effectiveness of gynaecology teaching associates in teaching pelvic examination to medical students: a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Janjua, Aisha; Smith, P; Chu, J; Raut, N; Malick, S; Gallos, I; Singh, R; Irani, S; Gupta, J K; Parle, J; Clark, T J

2017-03-01

To assess whether teaching female pelvic examinations using gynaecological teaching associates (GTAs); women who are trained to give instruction and feedback on gynaecological examination technique, improves the competence, confidence and communication skills of medical students compared to conventional teaching. Randomised controlled trial. Ten University of Birmingham (UoB) affiliated teaching hospitals in the UK. 492 final year medical students. GTA teaching of gynaecological examination compared with conventional pelvic manikin based teaching at the start of a five week clinical placement in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G). Student's perception of their confidence was measured on a 10cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Domains of competence were measured by a senior clinical examiner using a standardised assessment tool which utilised 10cm VAS and by a GTA using a four point Likert scale. Assessors were blinded to the allocated teaching intervention. 407/492 (83%) students completed both the intervention and outcome assessment. Self-reported confidence was higher in students taught by GTAs compared with those taught on manikins (median score GTA 6.3; vs. conventional 5.8; p=0.03). Competence was also higher in those taught by GTAs when assessed by an examiner (median global score GTA 7.1 vs. conventional 6.0; p<0.001) and by a GTA (p<0.001). GTA teaching of female pelvic examination at the start of undergraduate medical student O&G clinical placements improves their confidence and competence compared with conventional pelvic manikin based teaching. GTAs should be introduced into undergraduate medical curricula to teach pelvic examination. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Description and effects of sequential behavior practice in teacher education.

PubMed

Sharpe, T; Lounsbery, M; Bahls, V

1997-09-01

This study examined the effects of a sequential behavior feedback protocol on the practice-teaching experiences of undergraduate teacher trainees. The performance competencies of teacher trainees were analyzed using an alternative opportunities for appropriate action measure. Data support the added utility of sequential (Sharpe, 1997a, 1997b) behavior analysis information in systematic observation approaches to teacher education. One field-based undergraduate practicum using sequential behavior (i.e., field systems analysis) principles was monitored. Summarized are the key elements of the (a) classroom instruction provided as a precursor to the practice teaching experience, (b) practice teaching experience, and (c) field systems observation tool used for evaluation and feedback, including multiple-baseline data (N = 4) to support this approach to teacher education. Results point to (a) the strong relationship between sequential behavior feedback and the positive change in four preservice teachers' day-to-day teaching practices in challenging situational contexts, and (b) the relationship between changes in teacher practices and positive changes in the behavioral practices of gymnasium pupils. Sequential behavior feedback was also socially validated by the undergraduate participants and Professional Development School teacher supervisors in the study.

Relevance of Item Analysis in Standardizing an Achievement Test in Teaching of Physical Science in B.Ed Syllabus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marie, S. Maria Josephine Arokia; Edannur, Sreekala

2015-01-01

This paper focused on the analysis of test items constructed in the paper of teaching Physical Science for B.Ed. class. It involved the analysis of difficulty level and discrimination power of each test item. Item analysis allows selecting or omitting items from the test, but more importantly item analysis is a tool to help the item writer improve…

48 CFR 9904.420-50 - Techniques for application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... shall be excluded from the IR&D and B&P cost pools to be allocated to other segments and the base data... final cost objectives and the particular final cost objective's base data shall be excluded from the... costs of all other IR&D and B&P projects shall be allocated among all segments by means of the same base...

Derivation and Validation of a Material Model for Clayey Sand for Use in Landmine Detonation Computational Analyses

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

pit floor is built using a commercial swimming pool liner. Once the pit liners are in place, a series of water hoses is placed in pit bottom to...Belvoir RDEC, 1993. [9]. D. Bergeron, S. Hlady and M. P. Braid , 17th International MABS Symposium, 2002. [10]. M. Grujicic, B. Pandurangan and B

Just-in-Time Teaching, Just-in-Need Learning: Designing towards Optimized Pedagogical Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Killi, Steinar; Morrison, Andrew

2015-01-01

Teaching methods are constantly being changed, new ones are developed and old methods have undergone a renaissance. Two main approaches to teaching prevail: a) lecture-based and project-based and b) an argumentative approach to known knowledge or learning by exploration. Today, there is a balance between these two approaches, and they are more…

The Perceived Presence and Effect of Incentives on Community College Faculty Members' Enthusiasm to Teach Online

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beck, Burton Cornelius, Jr.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the perceived effects of incentives on community college faculty member enthusiasm to teach online courses. Ten incentives used with college faculty were identified in the literature: (a) release time, (b) personal satisfaction, (c) teaching development, (d) technical support, (e) professional prestige,…

Alternative Student Teaching Experiences: Emerging Characteristics and Encouraging Payoffs. Teacher Education Forum Series. Vol. 2, No. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahan, James M.

Three special field-based student teaching projects at Indiana University which include on-site course work are briefly described. Data are presented that indicate that education majors at the university: (a) enroll in demanding, multiculturally oriented student teaching programs; (b) request and accept out-of-state placements in ethnic minority…

Characterizing the Development of Specialized Mathematical Content Knowledge for Teaching in Algebraic Reasoning and Number Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bair, Sherry L.; Rich, Beverly S.

2011-01-01

This article characterizes the development of a deep and connected body of mathematical knowledge categorized by Ball and Bass' (2003b) model of Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT), as Specialized Content Knowledge for Teaching (SCK) in algebraic reasoning and number sense. The research employed multiple cases across three years from two…

Using Portfolios to Improve Teaching Quality: The Case of a Small Business School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Ian

2004-01-01

In this study, the author applies B. K. Curry's (1992) model of organizational institutionalization to a case study involving efforts to implement course and teaching portfolios in a small business school. This article is based on the personal observations of those involved and the published literature on the subject. Both teaching and course…

Surveying Colorado Band Directors' Opinions of Skills and Characteristics Important to Successful Music Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miksza, Peter; Roeder, Matthew; Biggs, Dana

2010-01-01

This study was designed to (a) gather band directors' opinions of skills and characteristics important to teaching and (b) examine the relative effectiveness of electronic versus paper survey methods. Survey respondents ranked lists of music, teaching, and personal skills or characteristics in order of importance and answered open-ended items…

Teaching Aptitude of Student Teachers and their Academic Achievements at Graduate Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sajan, K. S.

2010-01-01

The present investigation aims at studying teaching aptitude of student teachers with respect to their gender and academic achievement at graduate level examination. The sample for this study is selected by stratified random sampling from the Teacher Education institutions of Malabar area of Kerala. Teaching Aptitude Test Battery (T A T B)…

A Case Study of One Teach for America Corps Member's Use of Equity Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hu, Lindsay Anne Kwock

2009-01-01

This study investigates equitable practices used by a Teach For America (TFA) corps member (CM) in her second year of teaching low income, minority students. This study's conceptual framework is based on a contemporary conceptualization of equity pedagogy that includes: (a) tools of power and access (Delpit, 1988); (b) culturally relevant…

Constructivist-Visual Mind Map Teaching Approach and the Quality of Students' Cognitive Structures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dhindsa, Harkirat S.; Makarimi-Kasim; Anderson, O. Roger

2011-01-01

This study compared the effects of a constructivist-visual mind map teaching approach (CMA) and of a traditional teaching approach (TTA) on (a) the quality and richness of students' knowledge structures and (b) TTA and CMA students' perceptions of the extent that a constructivist learning environment (CLE) was created in their classes. The sample…

Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from recreational islands in southern Norway.

PubMed

Kjelland, Vivian; Paulsen, Katrine M; Rollum, Rikke; Jenkins, Andrew; Stuen, Snorre; Soleng, Arnulf; Edgar, Kristin S; Lindstedt, Heidi H; Vaino, Kirsti; Gibory, Moustafa; Andreassen, Åshild K

2018-04-12

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of tick-borne pathogens of medical importance in questing ticks collected from five recreationally used islands along the Norwegian coastline. Furthermore, since coinfection may affect the disease severity, this study aimed to determine the extent of coinfection in individual ticks or co-localization of tick-borne pathogens. In all, 4158 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks were analyzed. For detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), nymphs (3690) were analyzed in pools of ten. To detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, B. miyamotoi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, 468 nymphs were analyzed individually. A total of five nymph pools was infected with TBEV, giving an overall prevalence of 0.14%. In the individually analyzed ticks, B. burgdorferi s. l. (15.6%), Candidatus N. mikurensis (11%), A. phagocytophilum (1.4%) and B. miyamotoi (0.9%) were detected. Coinfection was found in 3.3% of the ticks, and the only dual infection observed was with B. afzelii and Candidatus N. mikurensis. This association was significantly higher than what would occur by random chance. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Digenetic larvae in Schistosome snails from El Fayoum, Egypt with detection of Schistosoma mansoni in the snail by PCR.

PubMed

Aboelhadid, Shawky M; Thabet, Marwa; El-Basel, Dayhoum; Taha, Ragaa

2016-09-01

The present study aims to detect the digenetic larvae infections in Bulinus truncatus and Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and also PCR detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection. The snails were collected from different branches of Yousef canal and their derivatives in El Fayoum Governorate. The snails were investigated for infection through induction of cercarial shedding by exposure to light and crushing of the snails. The shed cercariae were S. mansoni, Pharyngeate longifurcate type I and Pharyngeate longifurcate type II from B. alexandrina, while that found in B. truncatus were Schitosoma haematobium and Xiphidiocercaria species cercariae. The seasonal prevalence of infection was discussed. Polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of S. mansoni in the DNA from field collected infected and non infected snails. The results of PCR showed that the pool of B. alexandrina snails which shed S. mansoni cercariae in the laboratory, gave positive reaction in the samples. Pooled samples of field collected B. alexandrina that showed negative microscopic shedding of cercariae gave negative and positive PCR in a consecutive manner. Accordingly, a latent infection in the snail (negative microscopic) could be detected by using PCR.

Existence of various human parvovirus B19 genotypes in Chinese plasma pools: genotype 1, genotype 3, putative intergenotypic recombinant variants and new genotypes.

PubMed

Jia, Junting; Ma, Yuyuan; Zhao, Xiong; Huangfu, Chaoji; Zhong, Yadi; Fang, Chi; Fan, Rui; Lv, Maomin; Zhang, Jingang

2016-09-17

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a frequent contaminant of blood and plasma-derived medicinal products. Three distinct genotypes of B19V have been identified. The distribution of the three B19V genotypes has been investigated in various regions or countries. However, in China, data on the existence of different B19V genotypes are limited. One hundred and eighteen B19V-DNA positive source plasma pool samples collected from three Chinese blood products manufacturers were analyzed. The subgenomic NS1/VP1u region junction of B19V was amplified by nested PCR. These amplified products were then cloned and subsequently sequenced. For genotyping, their phylogenetic inferences were constructed based on the NS1/VP1-unique region. Then putative recombination events were analyzed and identified. Phylogenetic analysis of 118 B19V sequences attributed 61.86 % to genotype 1a, 10.17 % to genotype 1b, and 17.80 % to genotype 3b. All the genotype 3b sequences obtained in this study grouped as a specific, closely related cluster with B19V strain D91.1. Four 1a/3b recombinants and 5 new atypical B19V variants with no recombination events were identified. There were at least 3 subtypes (1a, 1b and 3b) of B19V circulating in China. Furthermore, putative B19V 1a/3b recombinants and unclassified strains were identified as well. Such recombinant and unclassified strains may contribute to the genetic diversity of B19V and consequently complicate the B19V infection diagnosis and NAT screening. Further studies will be required to elucidate the biological significance of the recombinant and unclassified strains.

Reduced susceptibility of tomato stem to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is associated with a specific adjustment of fructose content in the host sugar pool.

PubMed

Lecompte, François; Nicot, Philippe C; Ripoll, Julie; Abro, Manzoor A; Raimbault, Astrid K; Lopez-Lauri, Félicie; Bertin, Nadia

2017-03-01

Plant soluble sugars, as main components of primary metabolism, are thought to be implicated in defence against pathogenic fungi. However, the function of sucrose and hexoses remains unclear. This study aimed to identify robust patterns in the dynamics of soluble sugars in sink tissues of tomato plants during the course of infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea . Distinct roles for glucose and fructose in defence against B. cinerea were hypothesized. We examined sugar contents and defence hormonal markers in tomato stem tissues before and after infection by B. cinerea , in a range of abiotic environments created by various nitrogen and water supplies. Limited nitrogen or water supplies increased tomato stem susceptibility to B. cinerea . Glucose and fructose contents of tissues surrounding infection sites evolved differently after inoculation. The fructose content never decreased after inoculation with B. cinerea , while that of glucose showed either positive or negative variation, depending on the abiotic environment. An increase in the relative fructose content (defined as the proportion of fructose in the soluble sugar pool) was observed in the absence of glucose accumulation and was associated with lower susceptibility. A lower expression of the salicylic acid marker PR1a , and a lower repression of a jasmonate marker COI1 were associated with reduced susceptibility. Accordingly, COI1 expression was positively correlated with the relative fructose contents 7 d after infection. Small variations of fructose content among the sugar pool are unlikely to affect intrinsic pathogen growth. Our results highlight distinct use of host glucose and fructose after infection by B. cinerea and suggest strongly that adjustment of the relative fructose content is required for enhanced plant defence. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.

A comparison of gray and non-gray modeling approaches to radiative transfer in pool fire simulations.

PubMed

Krishnamoorthy, Gautham

2010-10-15

Decoupled radiative heat transfer calculations of 30 cm-diameter toluene and heptane pool fires are performed employing the discrete ordinates method. The composition and temperature fields within the fires are created from detailed experimental measurements of soot volume fractions based on absorption and emission, temperature statistics and correlations found in the literature. The measured temperature variance data is utilized to compute the temperature self-correlation term for modeling turbulence-radiation interactions. In the toluene pool fire, the presence of cold soot near the fuel surface is found to suppress the average radiation feedback to the pool surface by 27%. The performances of four gray and three non-gray radiative property models for the gases are also compared. The average variations in radiative transfer predictions due to differences in the spectroscopic and experimental databases employed in the property model formulations are found to be between 10% and 20%. Clear differences between the gray and non-gray modeling strategies are seen when the mean beam length is computed based on traditionally employed geometric relations. Therefore, a correction to the mean beam length is proposed to improve the agreement between gray and non-gray modeling in simulations of open pool fires. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photosystem II-cyclic electron flow powers exceptional photoprotection and record growth in the microalga Chlorella ohadii.

PubMed

Ananyev, Gennady; Gates, Colin; Kaplan, Aaron; Dismukes, G Charles

2017-11-01

The desert microalga Chlorella ohadii was reported to grow at extreme light intensities with minimal photoinhibition, tolerate frequent de/re-hydrations, yet minimally employs antenna-based non-photochemical quenching for photoprotection. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms by measuring Photosystem II charge separation yield (chlorophyll variable fluorescence, Fv/Fm) and flash-induced O 2 yield to measure the contributions from both linear (PSII-LEF) and cyclic (PSII-CEF) electron flow within PSII. Cells grow increasingly faster at higher light intensities (μE/m 2 /s) from low (20) to high (200) to extreme (2000) by escalating photoprotection via shifting from PSII-LEF to PSII-CEF. This shifts PSII charge separation from plastoquinone reduction (PSII-LEF) to plastoquinol oxidation (PSII-CEF), here postulated to enable proton gradient and ATP generation that powers photoprotection. Low light-grown cells have unusually small antennae (332 Chl/PSII), use mainly PSII-LEF (95%) and convert 40% of PSII charge separations into O 2 (a high O 2 quantum yield of 0.06mol/mol PSII/flash). High light-grown cells have smaller antenna and lower PSII-LEF (63%). Extreme light-grown cells have only 42 Chl/PSII (no LHCII antenna), minimal PSII-LEF (10%), and grow faster than any known phototroph (doubling time 1.3h). Adding a synthetic quinone in excess to supplement the PQ pool fully uncouples PSII-CEF from its natural regulation and produces maximum PSII-LEF. Upon dark adaptation PSII-LEF rapidly reverts to PSII-CEF, a transient protection mechanism to conserve water and minimize the cost of antenna biosynthesis. The capacity of the electron acceptor pool (plastoquinone pool), and the characteristic times for exchange of (PQH 2 ) B with PQ pool and reoxidation of (PQH 2 ) pool were determined. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

NFκB–Pim-1–Eomesodermin axis is critical for maintaining CD8 T-cell memory quality

PubMed Central

Knudson, Karin M.; Saxena, Vikas; Altman, Amnon; Daniels, Mark A.; Teixeiro, Emma

2017-01-01

T-cell memory is critical for long-term immunity. However, the factors involved in maintaining the persistence, function, and phenotype of the memory pool are undefined. Eomesodermin (Eomes) is required for the establishment of the memory pool. Here, we show that in T cells transitioning to memory, the expression of high levels of Eomes is not constitutive but rather requires a continuum of cell-intrinsic NFκB signaling. Failure to maintain NFκB signals after the peak of the response led to impaired Eomes expression and a defect in the maintenance of CD8 T-cell memory. Strikingly, we found that antigen receptor [T-cell receptor (TCR)] signaling regulates this process through expression of the NFκB-dependent kinase proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus-1 (PIM-1), which in turn regulates NFκB and Eomes. T cells defective in TCR-dependent NFκB signaling were impaired in late expression of Pim-1, Eomes, and CD8 memory. These defects were rescued when TCR-dependent NFκB signaling was restored. We also found that NFκB–Pim-1 signals were required at memory to maintain memory CD8 T-cell longevity, effector function, and Eomes expression. Hence, an NFκB–Pim-1–Eomes axis regulates Eomes levels to maintain memory fitness. PMID:28193872

A case of learning to teach elementary science: Investigating beliefs, experiences, and tensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bryan, Lynn Ann

This study examines how preservice elementary teacher beliefs and experiences within the context of reflective science teacher education influence the development of professional knowledge. From a cognitive constructivist theoretical perspective, I conducted a case analysis to investigate the beliefs about science teaching and learning held by a preservice teacher (Barbara), identify the tensions she encountered in learning to teach elementary science, understand the frames from which she identified problems of practice, and discern how her experiences influenced the process of reflecting on her own science teaching. From an analysis of interviews, observation, and written documents, I constructed a profile of Barbara's beliefs that consisted of three foundational and three dualistic beliefs about science teaching and learning. Her foundational beliefs concerned: (a) the value of science and science teaching, (b) the nature of scientific concepts and goals of science instruction, and (c) control in the science classroom. Barbara held dualistic beliefs about: (a) how children learn science, (b) the science students' role, and (c) the science teacher's role. The dualistic beliefs formed two contradictory nests of beliefs. One nest, grounded in life-long science learner experiences, reflected a didactic teaching orientation and predominantly guided her practice. The second nest, not well-grounded in experience, embraced a hands-on approach and predominantly guided her vision of practice. Barbara encountered tensions in thinking about science teaching and learning as a result of inconsistencies between her vision of science teaching and her actual practice. Confronting these tensions prompted Barbara to rethink the connections between her classroom actions and students' learning, create new perspectives for viewing her practice, and consider alternative practices more resonant with her visionary beliefs. However, the self-reinforcing belief system created by her didactic nest of beliefs, control beliefs, and belief about the goals of science instruction prevented Barbara from enacting new frames in practice. The findings contribute to an understanding of the relationship between beliefs and experiences in learning to teach and indicate that reframing is crucial in developing professional knowledge. Furthermore, the findings underscore the significance of (a) identifying prospective teachers' beliefs for designing teacher preparation programs, and (b) offering experiences as professionals early in the careers of prospective teachers.

Photolytic removal of DBPs by medium pressure UV in swimming pool water.

PubMed

Hansen, Kamilla M S; Zortea, Raissa; Piketty, Aurelia; Vega, Sergio Rodriguez; Andersen, Henrik Rasmus

2013-01-15

Medium pressure UV is used for controlling the concentration of combined chlorine (chloramines) in many public swimming pools. Little is known about the fate of other disinfection by-products (DBPs) in UV treatment. Photolysis by medium pressure UV treatment was investigated for 12 DBPs reported to be found in swimming pool water: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, bromoform, dichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroacetonitrile, dibromoacetronitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, trichloronitromethane, dichloropropanone, trichloropropanone, and chloral hydrate. First order photolysis constants ranged 26-fold from 0.020 min(-1) for chloroform to 0.523 min(-1) for trichloronitromethane. The rate constants generally increased with bromine substitution. Using the UV removal of combined chlorine as an actinometer, the rate constants were recalculated to actual treatment doses of UV applied in a swimming pool. In an investigated public pool the UV dose was equivalent to an applied electrical energy of 1.34 kWh m(-3) d(-1) and the UV dose required to removed 90% of trichloronitromethane was 0.4 kWh m(-3) d(-1), while 2.6 kWh m(-3) d(-1) was required for chloral hydrate and the bromine containing haloacetonitriles and trihalomethanes ranged from 0.6 to 3.1 kWh m(-3) d(-1). It was predicted thus that a beneficial side-effect of applying UV for removing combined chlorine from the pool water could be a significant removal of trichloronitromethane, chloral hydrate and the bromine containing haloacetonitriles and trihalomethanes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of medium-pressure UV-lamp treatment on disinfection by-products in chlorinated seawater swimming pool waters.

PubMed

Cheema, Waqas A; Manasfi, Tarek; Kaarsholm, Kamilla M S; Andersen, Henrik R; Boudenne, Jean-Luc

2017-12-01

Several brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed in chlorinated seawater pools, due to the high concentration of bromide in seawater. UV irradiation is increasingly employed in freshwater pools, because UV treatment photodegrades harmful chloramines. However, in freshwater pools it has been reported that post-UV chlorination promotes the formation of other DBPs. To date, UV-based processes have not been investigated for DBPs in seawater pools. In this study, the effects of UV, followed by chlorination, on the concentration of three groups of DBPs were investigated in laboratory batch experiments using a medium-pressure UV lamp. Chlorine consumption increased following post-UV chlorination, most likely because UV irradiation degraded organic matter in the pool samples to more chlorine-reactive organic matter. Haloacetic acid (HAA) concentrations decreased significantly, due to photo-degradation, but the concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) increased with post-UV chlorination. Bromine incorporation in HAAs was significantly higher in the control samples chlorinated without UV irradiation but decreased significantly with UV treatment. Bromine incorporation was promoted in THM and HAN after UV and chlorine treatment. Overall, the accumulated bromine incorporation level in DBPs remained essentially unchanged in comparison with the control samples. Toxicity estimates increased with single-dose UV and chlorination, mainly due to increased HAN concentrations. However, brominated HANs are known in the literature to degrade following further UV treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of Student Learning during Experimental Work in Primary School.

PubMed

Logar, Ana; Peklaj, Cirila; Ferk Savec, Vesna

2017-09-01

The aim of the research was to optimize the effectiveness of student learning based on experimental work in chemistry classes in Slovenian primary schools. To obtain evidence about how experimental work is implemented during regular chemistry classes, experimental work was videotaped during 19 units of chemistry lessons at 12 Slovenian primary schools from the pool of randomly selected schools. Altogether 332 eight-grade students were involved in the investigation, with an average age of 14.2 years. Students were videotaped during chemistry lessons, and their worksheets were collected afterward. The 12 chemistry teachers, who conducted lessons in these schools, were interviewed before the lessons; their teaching plans were also collected. The collected data was analyzed using qualitative methods. The results indicate that many teachers in Slovenian primary schools are not fully aware of the potential of experimental work integrated into chemistry lessons for the development of students' experimental competence. Further research of the value of different kinds of training to support teachers for the use of experimental work in chemistry teaching is needed.

The effect of electronic networking on preservice elementary teachers' science teaching self-efficacy and attitude towards science teaching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathew, Nishi Mary

Preservice elementary teachers' science teaching efficacy and attitude towards science teaching are important determinants of whether and how they will teach science in their classrooms. Preservice teachers' understanding of science and science teaching experiences have an impact on their beliefs about their ability to teach science. This study had a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design (N = 60). Preservice elementary teachers in this study were networked through the Internet (using e-mail, newsgroups, listserv, world wide web access and electronic mentoring) during their science methods class and student practicum. Electronic networking provides a social context in which to learn collaboratively, share and reflect upon science teaching experiences and practices, conduct tele-research effectively, and to meet the demands of student teaching through peer support. It was hoped that the activities over the electronic networks would provide them with positive and helpful science learning and teaching experiences. Self-efficacy was measured using a 23-item Likert scale instrument, the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument, Form-B (STEBI-B). Attitude towards science teaching was measured using the Revised Science Attitude Scale (RSAS). Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data, with pretest scores as the covariate. Findings of this study revealed that prospective elementary teachers in the electronically networked group had better science teaching efficacy and personal science teaching efficacy as compared to the non-networked group of preservice elementary teachers. The science teaching outcome expectancy of prospective elementary teachers in the networked group was not greater than that of the prospective teachers in the non-networked group (at p < 0.05). Attitude towards science teaching was not significantly affected by networking. However, this is surmised to be related to the duration of the study. Information about the experiences of the participants in this study was also collected through interview, and inventories. Findings from the interview data revealed that prospective teachers benefited from the interactions with peers, science mentors, and science methods instructors during student teaching. Students who did not have access to computers noted that time was a constraint in the use of the electronic networks.

Constructed-response matching to sample and spelling instruction.

PubMed Central

Dube, W V; McDonald, S J; McIlvane, W J; Mackay, H A

1991-01-01

The development of interactive programmed instruction using a microcomputer as a teaching machine is described. The program applied a constructed-response matching-to-sample procedure to computer-assisted spelling instruction and review. On each trial, subjects were presented with a sample stimulus and a choice pool consisting of 10 individual letters. In initial training, sample stimuli were arrays of letters, and subjects were taught to construct identical arrays by touching the matching letters in the choice pool. After generalized constructed-response identity matching was established, pictures (line drawings) of common objects were presented as samples. At first, correct spelling was prompted by also presenting the printed name to be "copied" via identity matching; then the prompts were faded out. The program was implemented with 2 mentally retarded individuals. Assessment trials determined appropriate words for training. Correct spelling was established via the prompt-fading procedure; training trials were interspersed among baseline trials that reviewed and maintained spelling of previously learned words. As new words were learned, they were added to a cumulative baseline to generate an individualized review and practice battery for each subject. PMID:1890049

29 CFR 2550.408b-19 - Statutory exemption for cross-trading of securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... any other agreement or disclosure involving the asset management relationship. For purposes of section... customer or pooled fund or account. (2) The term “compliance officer” means an individual designated by the...

Illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals in swimming pool waters.

PubMed

Fantuzzi, G; Aggazzotti, G; Righi, E; Predieri, G; Castiglioni, S; Riva, F; Zuccato, E

2018-09-01

The occurrence of illicit drugs (cocaine, opioids, amphetamines and cannabis derivatives), some of their metabolites and 48 pharmaceuticals, was investigated in pool and source waters in ten Italian indoor swimming pools. The samples were analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), after solid phase extraction (SPE). Cocaine and its metabolites were found in nine swimming pools, at concentrations from 0.3 to 4.2 ng/L for cocaine, 1.1 to 48.7 ng/L for norcocaine, 0.7 to 21.4 ng/L for benzoylecgonine and 0.1 to 7.3 ng/L for norbenzoylecgonine. Opioids, amphetamines and cannabis derivatives were never detected. The most frequent pharmaceuticals were anti-inflammatory drugs: ibuprofen was found in all the pool waters, with a maximum 197 ng/L and ketoprofen was detected in 9/10 samples (maximum 127 ng/L). Among anticonvulsants, carbamazepine and its metabolite, 10,11-dihydro-10,11dihydroxycarbamazepine, were frequent in swimming pool water (8/10 samples) at concentrations up to 62 ng/L. The cardiovascular drug valsartan was also found frequently (8/10 samples), but at lower concentrations (up to 9 ng/L). Other pharmaceuticals were detected occasionally and at lower concentrations (atenolol, enalapril, paracetamol, hydroclorothiazide, irbesartan and dehydro-erythromycin). Carbamazepine, irbesartan and dehydroerythromycin were detected at very low levels (up to 5 ng/L) in only one of the four source water samples. A quantitative risk assessment showed that the health risk for humans to these substance in swimming pool waters was generally negligible, even for vulnerable subpopulations such as children and adolescents. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Molecular identification of Borrelia spirochetes in questing Ixodes ricinus from northwestern Spain.

PubMed

Díaz, Pablo; Arnal, Jose Luis; Remesar, Susana; Pérez-Creo, Ana; Venzal, José Manuel; Vázquez-López, María Esther; Prieto, Alberto; Fernández, Gonzalo; López, Ceferino Manuel; Panadero, Rosario; Benito, Alfredo; Díez-Baños, Pablo; Morrondo, Patrocinio

2017-12-20

Ixodes ricinus, the predominant tick species in Europe, can transmit the causative agents of important human diseases such as Lyme borreliosis (LB), caused by Borrelia spirochetes. In northern Spain, LB is considered endemic; recently, a significant increase of the annual incidence of LB was reported in the northwestern (NW) region. In order to provide information on the prevalence of Borrelia spp., pooled and individually free-living I. ricinus from NW Spain were molecularly analyzed. Positive samples were characterized at the fla and Glpq genes and the rrfA-rrlB intergenic spacer region to identify Borrelia species/genospecies. Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) (s.l.) individual prevalence and MIR were significantly higher in adult females (32.3 and 16%) than in nymphs (18.8 and 6.2%) and adult males (15.6 and 8.4%). Five Borrelia genospecies belonging to the B. burgdorferi (s.l.) group were identified: B. garinii was predominant, followed by B. valaisiana, B. lusitaniae, B. afzelii and B. burgdorferi (sensu stricto) (s.s.). One species belonging to the tick-borne relapsing fever group (B. miyamotoi) was also found, showing low individual prevalence (1%), positive pool (0.7%) and MIR (0.1%) values. To our knowledge, this is the first citation of B. miyamotoi in free-living ticks from Spain. The significant prevalences of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) genospecies detected in questing ticks from NW Spain are similar to those detected in northern and central European countries and higher to those previously found in Spain. These results together with the high incidence of LB in humans and the high seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) in roe deer shown in other studies reveal that the northwest area is one of the most risky regions for acquiring LB in Spain.

Examining the Extent to Which Select Teacher Preparation Experiences Inform Technology and Engineering Educators' Teaching of Science Content and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, Tyler S.

2015-01-01

With the recent release of the "Next Generation Science Standards" (NGSS) (NGSS Lead States, 2014b) science educators were expected to teach engineering content and practices within their curricula. However, technology and engineering (T&E) educators have been expected to teach content and practices from engineering and other…

Co-Teaching and Collaboration: Preservice Teachers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceived Sense of Efficacy in Teaching Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowlin, Tamara M.; Bell, Sherry Mee; Coleman, Mari Beth; Cihak, David F.

2015-01-01

A quasi-experimental design and multiple regression analysis were used to examine responses of 153 preservice general and special education teachers as a function of (a) participation in an introductory special education course and (b) viewing a co-teaching video (Friend, 2005) versus observing an inclusive classroom. Based on responses to pre-…

Computers in Education: An Overview. Publication Number One. Software Engineering/Education Cooperative Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collis, Betty; Muir, Walter

The first of four major sections in this report presents an overview of the background and evolution of computer applications to learning and teaching. It begins with the early attempts toward "automated teaching" of the 1920s, and the "teaching machines" of B. F. Skinner of the 1940s through the 1960s. It then traces the…

Use of Molecular Methods for the Rapid Mass Detection of Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in Biomphalaria spp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae)

PubMed Central

Jannotti-Passos, Liana Konovaloffi; Dos Santos Carvalho, Omar

2017-01-01

The low stringency-polymerase chain reaction (LS-PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays were used to detect the presence of S. mansoni DNA in (1) Brazilian intermediate hosts (Biomphalaria glabrata, B. straminea, and B. tenagophila) with patent S. mansoni infections, (2) B. glabrata snails with prepatent S. mansoni infections, (3) various mixtures of infected and noninfected snails; and (4) snails infected with other trematode species. The assays showed high sensitivity and specificity and could detect S. mansoni DNA when one positive snail was included in a pool of 1,000 negative specimens of Biomphalaria. These molecular approaches can provide a low-cost, effective, and rapid method for detecting the presence of S. mansoni in pooled samples of field-collected Biomphalaria. These assays should aid mapping of transmission sites in endemic areas, especially in low prevalence regions and improve schistosomiasis surveillance. It will be a useful tool to monitor low infection rates of snails in areas where control interventions are leading towards the elimination of schistosomiasis. PMID:28246533

Deep in vivo two-photon imaging of blood vessels with a new dye encapsulated in pluronic nanomicelles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maurin, Mathieu; Stéphan, Olivier; Vial, Jean-Claude; Marder, Seth R.; van der Sanden, Boudewijn

2011-03-01

Our purpose is to test if Pluronic® fluorescent nanomicelles can be used for in vivo two-photon imaging of both the normal and the tumor vasculature. The nanomicelles were obtained after encapsulating a hydrophobic two-photon dye: di-stryl benzene derivative, in Pluronic block copolymers. Their performance with respect to imaging depth, blood plasma staining, and diffusion across the tumor vascular endothelium is compared to a classic blood pool dye Rhodamin B dextran (70 kDa) using two-photon microscopy. Pluronic nanomicelles show, like Rhodamin B dextran, a homogeneous blood plasma staining for at least 1 h after intravenous injection. Their two-photon imaging depth is similar in normal mouse brain, using 10 times less injected mass. In contrast with Rhodamin B dextran, no extravasation is observed in leaky tumor vessels due to their large size: 20-100 nm. In conclusion, Pluronic nanomicelles can be used as a blood pool dye, even in leaky tumor vessels. The use of Pluronic block copolymers is a valuable approach for encapsulating two-photon fluorescent dyes that are hydrophobic and not suitable for intravenous injection.

Practice Report / Bericht aus der Praxis: Peer teaching: From method to philosophy.

PubMed

Ten Cate, Olle

2017-11-01

Peer teaching or peer-assisted learning is a popular topic in the medical education literature. While not one method of education, a categorization is possible according to (a) the developmental distance between learner and peer teacher, (b) the scale or group size of learners in peer teaching arrangements and (c) the extent of formality or structure of the arrangement. That yields many different forms of peer teaching. Viewing peer teaching as a multifaceted method shows several benefits. On a deeper level however peer teaching may be viewed as a philosophy of medical education that has historical roots but aligns well with current thinking of teaching and learning across the continuum of medical education. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

B.S.: Reclaiming the Language of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryant, James A.

2009-01-01

This essay examines the dangers of attempts by educators to clothe the teaching profession in a veneer of scientific certainty. The author argues that teaching is an art, not a science, and should be proudly proclaimed as such.

Personality traits affect teaching performance of attending physicians: results of a multi-center observational study.

PubMed

Scheepers, Renée A; Lombarts, Kiki M J M H; van Aken, Marcel A G; Heineman, Maas Jan; Arah, Onyebuchi A

2014-01-01

Worldwide, attending physicians train residents to become competent providers of patient care. To assess adequate training, attending physicians are increasingly evaluated on their teaching performance. Research suggests that personality traits affect teaching performance, consistent with studied effects of personality traits on job performance and academic performance in medicine. However, up till date, research in clinical teaching practice did not use quantitative methods and did not account for specialty differences. We empirically studied the relationship of attending physicians' personality traits with their teaching performance across surgical and non-surgical specialties. We conducted a survey across surgical and non-surgical specialties in eighteen medical centers in the Netherlands. Residents evaluated attending physicians' overall teaching performance, as well as the specific domains learning climate, professional attitude, communication, evaluation, and feedback, using the validated 21-item System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ). Attending physicians self-evaluated their personality traits on a 5-point scale using the validated 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI), yielding the Five Factor model: extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness and openness. Overall, 622 (77%) attending physicians and 549 (68%) residents participated. Extraversion positively related to overall teaching performance (regression coefficient, B: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10, P = 0.02). Openness was negatively associated with scores on feedback for surgical specialties only (B: -0.10, 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.05, P<0.001) and conscientiousness was positively related to evaluation of residents for non-surgical specialties only (B: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.22, p = 0.01). Extraverted attending physicians were consistently evaluated as better supervisors. Surgical attending physicians who display high levels of openness were evaluated as less adequate feedback-givers. Non-surgical attending physicians who were conscientious seem to be good at evaluating residents. These insights could contribute to future work on development paths of attending physicians in medical education.

Personality Traits Affect Teaching Performance of Attending Physicians: Results of a Multi-Center Observational Study

PubMed Central

Scheepers, Renée A.; Lombarts, Kiki M. J. M. H.; van Aken, Marcel A. G.; Heineman, Maas Jan; Arah, Onyebuchi A.

2014-01-01

Background Worldwide, attending physicians train residents to become competent providers of patient care. To assess adequate training, attending physicians are increasingly evaluated on their teaching performance. Research suggests that personality traits affect teaching performance, consistent with studied effects of personality traits on job performance and academic performance in medicine. However, up till date, research in clinical teaching practice did not use quantitative methods and did not account for specialty differences. We empirically studied the relationship of attending physicians' personality traits with their teaching performance across surgical and non-surgical specialties. Method We conducted a survey across surgical and non-surgical specialties in eighteen medical centers in the Netherlands. Residents evaluated attending physicians' overall teaching performance, as well as the specific domains learning climate, professional attitude, communication, evaluation, and feedback, using the validated 21-item System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ). Attending physicians self-evaluated their personality traits on a 5-point scale using the validated 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI), yielding the Five Factor model: extraversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness and openness. Results Overall, 622 (77%) attending physicians and 549 (68%) residents participated. Extraversion positively related to overall teaching performance (regression coefficient, B: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10, P = 0.02). Openness was negatively associated with scores on feedback for surgical specialties only (B: −0.10, 95% CI: −0.15 to −0.05, P<0.001) and conscientiousness was positively related to evaluation of residents for non-surgical specialties only (B: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.22, p = 0.01). Conclusions Extraverted attending physicians were consistently evaluated as better supervisors. Surgical attending physicians who display high levels of openness were evaluated as less adequate feedback-givers. Non-surgical attending physicians who were conscientious seem to be good at evaluating residents. These insights could contribute to future work on development paths of attending physicians in medical education. PMID:24844725

Zen and the art of classroom teaching.

PubMed

Keshavan, Matcheri S

2014-04-01

Effective teaching involves applying the scientific principles underlying motivation, learning and memory. Intrinsic motivation, which stems from the inherent pleasure of focused engagement, facilitates sustained pursuit of teaching goals. Active, as compared to passive learning, is more effective; learning that is optimally challenging, repeated, and reinforced with real-world application tends to be remembered well. Central to the art of teaching is the relationship between teacher and the taught; good teaching can get the teacher and the student in a state of flow, not unlike Zen, that lets both of them grow. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Advancing Competencies in Argumentation at Schools using the Example of "Culture-Environment Interaction"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Budke, A.; Schaebitz, F.; Dittrich, S.

2016-12-01

According to the German national education standards communication is one of the six areas in which competencies shall be conveyed in Geography classes. Special significance is given to the training of the competence to solve problems through argumentation. Argumentation has a great significance in the learning process in schools, because here the students' knowledge pools are individually linked and understood. According to modern theories of learning, learning is a constructive process. Linking existing pools of knowledge to new insights is usually triggered by communication and argumentation in the classroom. Furthermore, argumentation helps with the individual's formation of opinion as well as their identification with certain values. Argumentation is one of the central social and cultural techniques to solve conflicts peacefully, to conduct negotiations, and to act in one's own interests. Thus conveying competence in argumentation is to be seen as an interdisciplinary task in education. Recently a hypothetical model of competence in geographical argumentation was proposed, a methodical instrument for measuring competence in geographical argumentation was developed, and by analyzing textbooks it was shown that this topic is only marginally targeted by exercises. The Collaborative Research Center 806 "Our Way to Europe" (www.sfb806.uni-koeln.de), with its cross disciplinary research in the sciences as well as humanities offers an outstanding basis for developing and evaluating teaching material and concepts. The use of these diverse topics, complex systems, and the various research problems as well as findings of the CRC-806 allowed developing study units designed to promote problem solving and argumentation skills in the sciences and humanities. Here we will present the results of this study based on special teaching materials, which was tested and evaluated to support students in formulating scientific problems and promote their argumentation skills.

22st Annual National Test and Evaluation Conference

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-09

B1 B2 y ii) Factor B affects the standard deviation C2 C1 y iii) Factor C affects the average and the standard deviation D1 = D2 y iv) Factor D has...22303 UNITED STATES (P) (703)862-0908 (F) (703)970-5700 poole_grady@emc.com Mr. Josh Pressnell RTI 8306 Rugby Rd. Manassas, VA 20111...Ricciardi RTI 8306 Rugby Rd. Manassas, VA 20111-1912 UNITED STATES (P) (703)365-9662 (F) (703)365-9818 michael.ricciardi@rti-world.com Mr

Assessment of lecture strategy with different teaching AIDS.

PubMed

Kumar, Manoj; Saxena, Indu; Kumar, Jayballabh; Kumar, Gaurav; Kapoor, Sangeeta

2015-01-01

Medical/dental colleges in Northern India cater to students with diverse backgrounds, mother tongues, levels of comprehending English, and intelligence levels. This study was conducted to identify lecture strategy and teaching aid best suited for North Indian dental and medical students. It was conducted in two parts - 1. Survey of teachers' and students' opinion to obtain their preferences in teaching-learning practices followed in a conventional lecture, and 2. Comparison of students' performances after a single trial lecture with different groups of students, using different teaching aids (TAs). Opinions of 33 faculty teaching first year dental/ medical students and 506 volunteer students (320 female) were compiled. Students were divided into four groups. A single trial lecture was held with each group (on the same topic, using identical lesson plan, by the same teacher) using a different teaching aid with each group. Lecture strategy was designed according to students' preferences (as obtained from opinion survey) regarding language of instruction and the number of mental breaks. TAs used with different groups were chalk and board (C&B), PowerPoint (PPT), overhead projector (OHP), and a combination of C&B and PPT. Pre- and post-tests using multiple choice questions were conducted with each group. RESULTS of post-test questionnaire and feedback from faculty attending the lecture were assessed for students' satisfaction and attentiveness in all four groups. Survey results indicated that although 97.6% students believed they had good/fair proficiency in English, 83.6% preferred being taught in a combination of English and Hindi; 44.3% students preferred C&B, 40.1% preferred PPT and 15.6% preferred the use of OHP as TA. After conducting a trial lecture with different TAs with each group, more than 90% students expressed satisfaction with the TA used for that group. Significantly better performance was observed in the post-lecture test when C&B was used. The needs of students in India are different from those of their Western counterparts, and should be considered during didactic lectures to improve the students' understanding. Post-test results were better when C&B was used, as more students were attentive and/or took notes.

A new surveillance and response tool: risk map of infected Oncomelania hupensis detected by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) from pooled samples.

PubMed

Tong, Qun-Bo; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Yi; Yang, Guo-Jing; Kumagai, Takashi; Furushima-Shimogawara, Rieko; Lou, Di; Yang, Kun; Wen, Li-Yong; Lu, Shao-Hong; Ohta, Nobuo; Zhou, Xiao-Nong

2015-01-01

Although schistosomiasis remains a serious health problem worldwide, significant achievements in schistosomiasis control has been made in the People's Republic of China. The disease has been eliminated in five out of 12 endemic provinces, and the prevalence in remaining endemic areas is very low and is heading toward elimination. A rapid and sensitive method for monitoring the distribution of infected Oncomelania hupensis is urgently required. We applied a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting 28S rDNA for the rapid and effective detection of Schistosoma japonicum DNA in infected and prepatent infected O. hupensis snails. The detection limit of the LAMP method was 100 fg of S. japonicum genomic DNA. To promote the application of the approach in the field, the LAMP assay was used to detect infection in pooled samples of field-collected snails. In the pooled sample detection, snails were collected from 28 endemic areas, and 50 snails from each area were pooled based on the maximum pool size estimation, crushed together and DNA was extracted from each pooled sample as template for the LAMP assay. Based on the formula for detection from pooled samples, the proportion of positive pooled samples and the positive proportion of O. hupensis detected by LAMP of Xima village reached 66.67% and 1.33%, while those of Heini, Hongjia, Yangjiang and Huangshan villages were 33.33% and 0.67%, and those of Tuanzhou and Suliao villages were 16.67% and 0.33%, respectively. The remaining 21 monitoring field sites gave negative results. A risk map for the transmission of schistosomiasis was constructed using ArcMap, based on the positive proportion of O. hupensis infected with S. japonicum, as detected by the LAMP assay, which will form a guide for surveillance and response strategies in high risk areas. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid of pigs.

PubMed

Biernacka, Kinga; Karbowiak, Paweł; Wróbel, Paweł; Charęza, Tomasz; Czopowicz, Michał; Balka, Gyula; Goodell, Christa; Rauh, Rolf; Stadejek, Tomasz

2016-12-01

Recently oral fluid has become a novel sample type for pathogen nucleic acid and antibody detection, as it is easy to obtain with non-invasive procedures. The objective of the study was to analyze porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and influenza A virus (IAV) circulation in growing pigs from three Polish production farms, using Real Time PCR and ELISA testing of oral fluid and serum. Oral fluids were collected every 2weeks, in the same 3-4 pens of pigs aged between 5 and 17weeks. Additionally, blood samples were collected every 4weeks from 4 pigs corresponding to the same pens as oral fluid and tested for the presence of PRRSV nucleic acid (pooled by 4) and antibodies. In farm A no PRRSV circulation was detected and only maternal antibodies were present. In farm B and farm C antibodies to PRRSV in serum and oral fluid were detected in most samples. In farm B PRRSV Type 1 was detected in 80.9% of oral fluid samples and in 58.3% of serum pools, and in farm C in 92.8% of oral fluid samples and 75% serum pools. Striking differences were observed between different pens in PRRSV detection patterns. In farms B and C ORF5 sequence analysis showed the presence of wild type strains which were about 84-85% identical to the modified live vaccine used. In all three farms two waves of IAV shedding with oral fluid were detected, in weaners and fatteners. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of customization on application decisions and applicant pool characteristics in a web-based recruitment context.

PubMed

Dineen, Brian R; Noe, Raymond A

2009-01-01

The authors examined 2 forms of customization in a Web-based recruitment context. Hypotheses were tested in a controlled study in which participants viewed multiple Web-based job postings that each included information about multiple fit categories. Results indicated that customization of information regarding person-organization (PO), needs-supplies, and demands-abilities (DA) fit (fit information customization) and customization of the order in which these fit categories were presented (configural customization) had differential effects on outcomes. Specifically, (a) applicant pool PO and DA fit were greater when fit information customization was provided, (b) applicant pool fit in high- versus low-relevance fit categories was better differentiated when configural customization was provided, and (c) overall application rates were lower when either or both forms of customization were provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

Perceived tutor benefits of teaching near peers: insights from two near peer teaching programmes in South East Scotland.

PubMed

Qureshi, Z U; Gibson, K R; Ross, M T; Maxwell, S

2013-08-01

There is little evidence about the benefits to junior doctors of participating in teaching, or how to train doctors as teachers. We explore (through South East Scotland based teaching programmes): (a) How prepared do junior doctors feel to teach? (b) What junior doctors consider to be the main challenges of teaching? (c) What motivates the junior doctors to continue teaching, and what is the perceived impact of teaching on their professional development? 'Questionnaire 1', distributed at 'tutor training days', explored (i) attitudes towards teaching and (ii) tutors' preparedness to teach. 'Questionnaire 2', distributed after completion of a teaching programme, evaluated the tutor experience of teaching. Seventy-six per cent of tutors reported no previous teacher training; 10% were able to teach during allocated work hours. The strongest motivation for teaching was to help students with their learning and to develop teaching skills. Ninety one per cent of tutors felt more prepared to teach by the end of the programme. Tutors also improved their clinical skills from teaching. There is a body of junior doctors, who see teaching as an important part of their career, developing both teaching and clinical skills in the tutor. If teaching is expected of foundation doctors, rotas ought to be more flexible to facilitate both teaching and teacher training.

B7-H1 limits the entry of effector CD8(+) T cells to the memory pool by upregulating Bim.

PubMed

Gibbons, Rachel M; Liu, Xin; Pulko, Vesna; Harrington, Susan M; Krco, Christopher J; Kwon, Eugene D; Dong, Haidong

2012-10-01

Protective T‑cell immunity against cancer and infections is dependent on the generation of a durable effector and memory T‑cell pool. Studies from cancer and chronic infections reveal that B7-H1 (PD-L1) engagement with its receptor PD-1 promotes apoptosis of effector T cells. It is not clear how B7-H1 regulates T‑cell apoptosis and the subsequent impact of B7-H1 on the generation of memory T cells. In immunized B7-H1-deficient mice, we detected an increased expansion of effector CD8(+) T cells and a delayed T‑cell contraction followed by the emergence of a protective CD8(+) T‑cell memory capable of completely rejecting tumor metastases in the lung. Intracellular staining revealed that antigen-primed CD8(+) T cells in B7-H1-deficient mice express lower levels of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim. The engagement of activated CD8(+) T cells by a plate-bound B7-H1 fusion protein led to the upregulation of Bim and increased cell death. Assays based on blocking antibodies determined that both PD-1 and CD80 are involved in the B7-H1-mediated regulation of Bim in activated CD8(+) T cells. Our results suggest that B7-H1 may negatively regulate CD8(+) T‑cell memory by enhancing the depletion of effector CD8(+) T cells through the upregulation of Bim. Our findings may provide a new strategy for targeting B7-H1 signaling in effector CD8(+) T cells to achieve protective antitumor memory responses.

Genetic heritage of Croatians in the Southeastern European gene pool-Y chromosome analysis of the Croatian continental and Island population.

PubMed

Šarac, Jelena; Šarić, Tena; Havaš Auguštin, Dubravka; Novokmet, Natalija; Vekarić, Nenad; Mustać, Mate; Grahovac, Blaženka; Kapović, Miljenko; Nevajda, Branimir; Glasnović, Anton; Missoni, Saša; Rootsi, Siiri; Rudan, Pavao

2016-11-01

The research objective of this study is to enlarge and deepen the Y chromosome research on the Croatian population and enable additional insights into the population diversity and historic events that shaped the current genetic landscape of Croatia and Southeastern Europe (SEE). A high-resolution phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of 66 biallelic (SNPs) and 17 microsatellite (STRs) markers of the Y chromosome was performed using 720 Croatian samples. The obtained results were placed in a wider European context by comparison with ∼4450 samples from a number of other European populations. A high diversity of haplogroups was observed in the overall Croatian sample, and all typical European Y chromosome haplogroups with corresponding clinal patterns were observed. Three distinct genetic signals were identifiable in the Croatian paternal gene pool - I2a1b-M423, R1a1a1b1a*-M558, and E1b1b1a1b1a-V13 haplogroups. The analyses of the dominant and autochthonous I2a1b-M423 lineage (>30%) suggest that SEE had a significant role in the Upper Paleolithic, the R1a1a1b1a*-M558 lineage (19%) represents a signal from present day Slavic populations of Central Europe in the Croatian population, and the phylogeography of the E1b1b1a1b1a-V13 clade (around 9%) implies cultural diffusion of agriculture into Europe via the Balkan Peninsula. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:837-845, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Assessing the effectiveness of problem-based learning in physical diagnostics education in China: a meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Wang, Jianmiao; Xu, Yongjian; Liu, Xiansheng; Xiong, Weining; Xie, Jungang; Zhao, Jianping

2016-01-01

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been extensively applied as an experimental educational method in Chinese medical schools over the past decade. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of PBL on students’ learning outcomes in physical diagnostics education. Related databases were searched for eligible studies evaluating the effects of PBL compared to traditional teaching on students’ knowledge and/or skill scores of physical diagnostics. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. Thirteen studies with a total of 2086 medical students were included in this meta-analysis. All of these studies provided usable data on knowledge scores, and the pooled analysis showed a significant difference in favor of PBL compared to the traditional teaching (SMD = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.33–1.19). Ten studies provided usable data on skill scores, and a significant difference in favor of PBL was also observed (SMD = 1.46, 95%CI = 0.89–2.02). Statistically similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analysis, and there was no significant evidence of publication bias. These results suggested that PBL in physical diagnostics education in China appeared to be more effective than traditional teaching method in improving knowledge and skills. PMID:27808158

Assessing the effectiveness of problem-based learning in physical diagnostics education in China: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Wang, Jianmiao; Xu, Yongjian; Liu, Xiansheng; Xiong, Weining; Xie, Jungang; Zhao, Jianping

2016-11-03

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been extensively applied as an experimental educational method in Chinese medical schools over the past decade. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of PBL on students' learning outcomes in physical diagnostics education. Related databases were searched for eligible studies evaluating the effects of PBL compared to traditional teaching on students' knowledge and/or skill scores of physical diagnostics. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. Thirteen studies with a total of 2086 medical students were included in this meta-analysis. All of these studies provided usable data on knowledge scores, and the pooled analysis showed a significant difference in favor of PBL compared to the traditional teaching (SMD = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.33-1.19). Ten studies provided usable data on skill scores, and a significant difference in favor of PBL was also observed (SMD = 1.46, 95%CI = 0.89-2.02). Statistically similar results were obtained in the sensitivity analysis, and there was no significant evidence of publication bias. These results suggested that PBL in physical diagnostics education in China appeared to be more effective than traditional teaching method in improving knowledge and skills.

SAGE III L2 Lunar Event Species Profiles (Binary)

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2017-10-27

... Search and Order:  Earthdata Search   FTP Access:  Data Pool Parameters:  Chlorine Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide ... Data Additional Info:  Data Format: Big Endian/IEEE Binary; Avg Size in MB: 0.017 SCAR-B Block:  ...

Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: a meta-analytic review.

PubMed

Melby-Lervåg, Monica; Lyster, Solveig-Alma Halaas; Hulme, Charles

2012-03-01

The authors report a systematic meta-analytic review of the relationships among 3 of the most widely studied measures of children's phonological skills (phonemic awareness, rime awareness, and verbal short-term memory) and children's word reading skills. The review included both extreme group studies and correlational studies with unselected samples (235 studies were included, and 995 effect sizes were calculated). Results from extreme group comparisons indicated that children with dyslexia show a large deficit on phonemic awareness in relation to typically developing children of the same age (pooled effect size estimate: -1.37) and children matched on reading level (pooled effect size estimate: -0.57). There were significantly smaller group deficits on both rime awareness and verbal short-term memory (pooled effect size estimates: rime skills in relation to age-matched controls, -0.93, and reading-level controls, -0.37; verbal short-term memory skills in relation to age-matched controls, -0.71, and reading-level controls, -0.09). Analyses of studies of unselected samples showed that phonemic awareness was the strongest correlate of individual differences in word reading ability and that this effect remained reliable after controlling for variations in both verbal short-term memory and rime awareness. These findings support the pivotal role of phonemic awareness as a predictor of individual differences in reading development. We discuss whether such a relationship is a causal one and the implications of research in this area for current approaches to the teaching of reading and interventions for children with reading difficulties.

Pool boiling of water on nano-structured micro wires at sub-atmospheric conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arya, Mahendra; Khandekar, Sameer; Pratap, Dheeraj; Ramakrishna, S. Anantha

2016-09-01

Past decades have seen active research in enhancement of boiling heat transfer by surface modifications. Favorable surface modifications are expected to enhance boiling efficiency. Several interrelated mechanisms such as capillarity, surface energy alteration, wettability, cavity geometry, wetting transitions, geometrical features of surface morphology, etc., are responsible for change in the boiling behavior of modified surfaces. Not much work is available on pool boiling at low pressures on microscale/nanoscale geometries; low pressure boiling is attractive in many applications wherein low operating temperatures are desired for a particular working fluid. In this background, an experimental setup was designed and developed to investigate the pool boiling performance of water on (a) plain aluminum micro wire (99.999 % pure) and, (b) nano-porous alumina structured aluminum micro wire, both having diameter of 250 µm, under sub-atmospheric pressure. Nano-structuring on the plain wire surface was achieved via anodization. Two samples, A and B of anodized wires, differing by the degree of anodization were tested. The heater length scale (wire diameter) was much smaller than the capillary length scale. Pool boiling characteristics of water were investigated at three different sub-atmospheric pressures of 73, 123 and 199 mbar (corresponding to T sat = 40, 50 and 60 °C). First, the boiling characteristics of plain wire were measured. It was noticed that at sub-atmospheric pressures, boiling heat transfer performance for plain wire was quite low due to the increased bubble sizes and low nucleation site density. Subsequently, boiling performance of nano-structured wires (both Sample A and Sample B) was compared with plain wire and it was noted that boiling heat transfer for the former was considerably enhanced as compared to the plain wire. This enhancement is attributed to increased nucleation site density, change in wettability and possibly due to enhanced pore scale evaporation. A preliminary estimation of the bubble growth rates, measured by high speed videography, was undertaken and compared with classical bubble growth rate correlations. It was observed that the average bubble departure sizes on Sample B were larger as compared to plain wire, due to larger surface forces holding the bubble before departure. Bubble condensation in the thermal boundary layer was also captured.

Association between SLCO1B1 -521T>C and -388A>G polymorphisms and risk of statin-induced adverse drug reactions: A meta-analysis.

PubMed

Jiang, Jiajia; Tang, Qing; Feng, Jing; Dai, Rong; Wang, Yang; Yang, Yuan; Tang, Xiaojun; Deng, Changkai; Zeng, Huan; Zhao, Yong; Zhang, Fan

2016-01-01

An increasing number of studies have investigated the association between SLCO1B1 -521T>C and -388A>G polymorphisms and the risk of statin-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but the results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to gain more insight into the relationship. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published before March 5th, 2015. The quality of included studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality scale. Pooled effect estimates (odds ratios [ORs] or hazard ratios [HRs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association in overall and subgroup analyses for various genetic models. Begg's rank correlation test and Egger's linear regression test were used to examine the publication bias. A total of nine cohort and four case-control studies involving 11, 246 statin users, of whom 2, 355 developing ADRs were included in the analysis. Combined analysis revealed a significant association between the SLCO1B1-521T>C polymorphism and increased risk for ADRs caused by various statins, but the synthesis heterogeneity was generally large (dominant model: pooled effect estimate = 1.85, 95 % CI 1.20-2.85, P = 0.005; I (2) = 80.70 %, Pheterogeneity < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by statin type showed that the ADRs risk was significantly elevated among simvastatin users (dominant model: pooled effect estimate = 3.43, 95 % CI 1.80-6.52, P = 0.001; I (2) = 59.60 %, Pheterogeneity = 0.060), but not among atorvastatin users. No significant relationship was found between the -388A>G polymorphism and ADRs caused by various statins (dominant model: pooled effect estimate = 0.94, 95 % CI 0.79-1.13, P = 0.526; I (2) = 40.10 %, Pheterogeneity = 0.196). The meta-analysis suggests that SLCO1B1 -521T>C polymorphism may be a risk factor for statin-induced ADRs, especially in simvastatin therapy. Conversely, there may be no significant association for -388A>G polymorphism.

A Comparison between Roles of Professors Teaching English Literature or TEFL at B.A Level and Professors Teaching TEFL at M.A Level in the Light of Goffman's Footing Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghapanchi, Zargham; Talebi, Farima

2012-01-01

This study aims to examine the metaphors selected by two hundred and forty Iranian B.A and eighty eight M.A students about their professors' roles. The participants were asked to select their preferred metaphors among twenty one metaphors of the checklist about their professors. The metaphors were then categorized based on Goffman's Footing…

The relationship between school environment, preservice science teachers' science teaching self-efficacy, and their use of instructional strategies at teachers' colleges in Saudi Arabia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alshalaan, Nasser A.

Studies indicate that many teachers have negative beliefs about science, which translates into low teacher efficacy, resulting in avoidance of science teaching or in ineffective science teaching behaviors. Highly efficacious teachers have been found to be more likely to use inquiry and student-centered teaching strategies, while teachers with a low sense of science-teaching efficacy are more likely to use teacher-directed strategies, such as didactic lectures and reading from the textbook (Czemiak, 1990). The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice science teachers' science-teaching self-efficacy changes and their correlation to teaching environment factors during the student teaching semester. Moreover, it explains how teaching environment factors and preservice teachers' science-teaching self-efficacy beliefs may relate to their use of teaching strategies in the science classroom during their student teacher training at teachers' colleges in Saudi Arabia. The population of this study is consisted of 184 middle and elementary preservice science teachers who were doing their student teaching at nine teachers' colleges (i.e., teachers' colleges of Riyadh, Dammam, Alrras, Almadinah, Alihsa, Jeddah, Makah, Altaief, and Abha) in Saudi Arabia during the spring semester of 2005. Three instruments were used to collect data for this study: (1) to measure science teaching self-efficacy, the researcher adapted the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument form B designed specifically for preservice teachers (STEBI-B); (2) to measure the school environment, the researcher adapted the Organizational Health Inventory (OHI), developed by Hoy, Tarter & Kottkamp (1991); and (3) to measure the type and frequency of instructional strategies that preservice science teachers use in the classroom, the researcher adapted the teaching practice subscale from The Local Systemic Change through Teacher Enhancement Science K-8 Teacher Questionnaire (Horizon Research, Inc., 2000). Descriptive statistics, simple correlation, t-test, multiple regression, and content analysis procedures were used to analyze research questions. Findings of this study revealed that both dimensions of teaching efficacy, PSTE and STOE, were increased significantly during the student teaching semester. Certain school factors were related to preservice science teachers' teaching efficacy and their use of instructional strategies. Only personal science teaching efficacy was found to affect preservice science teachers' use of instructional strategies. Implications for the findings of this study, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.

Once More to the Essay: Prose Models, Textbooks, and Teaching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Root, Robert L., Jr.

1995-01-01

Examines the ways in which composition essay anthologies shape and reflect the beliefs and teaching approaches of composition teachers. Focuses on how anthologies treat a widely reproduced essay, E.B. White's "Once More to the Lake." (TB)

Algorithme et enseignement de la grammaire (Algorithm and the Teaching of Grammar)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michiels, A.

1975-01-01

Binary algorithmic logic may prove useful for teaching grammar, especially in the case of 'closed-system items.' (Text is in French.) Available from Instituut voor Toegepaste Linguistiek, Vesaliusstraat 2, B. 3000 Leuven, Belgium. (TL)

A case study of a college physics professor's pedagogical content knowledge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Counts, Margaret Cross

Problem. Research into pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) has focused mainly on subject (content) matter, levels of expertise, or subject specific areas. Throughout the literature, Fernandez-Balboa & Stiehl (1992), Grossman (1988), Lenze (1994), Shulman (1986b), few studies about college professors appear. The rationale for this heuristic case study of PCK was to contribute to that body of knowledge as it applies to college teaching. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to contribute to a broader conceptualization and understanding of the development of "general" PCK in college level teaching by generalizing Shulman's (1987) and Grossman's (1988) model of PCK to college professors; secondly, to describe how this professor's PCK was constructed. Method. The heuristic case study employed techniques of multiple semistructured participant interviews and supportive data sources. Analyses of the data was by analytical induction. Results. In this heuristic study five major themes emerged that reflected this professor's PCK: (a) knowledge of the purposes for teaching, (b) knowledge of students as learners, (c) knowledge of human communication: teaching as an interaction, (d) knowledge of curriculum and course design, and (e) knowledge of a positive learning environment. Six categories emerged that described the development of his PCK: (a) the need for content knowledge, (b) the need for communication, (c) sensitivity to the students' in-class behavior and environment, (d) personal reflection regarding the classroom environment, both before and after class, (e) teaching experience, and (f) collegial discussions about teaching. The construction of his PCK was attributed to the integration of subject matter knowledge, apprenticeship of observation, and classroom experience. Conclusions. Analyses revealed that this college professor's PCK was in a large part congruent with Shulman's (1986b) conceptualization and Grossman's (1988) four components of PCK. An additional affective component, however, was identified for this professor which was considered to be an enhancing interactive component of PCK, the human communication element. Further research into the construction and enhancement of PCK for college faculty is needed.

Sensitivity regularization of the Cramér-Rao lower bound to minimize B1 nonuniformity effects in quantitative magnetization transfer imaging.

PubMed

Boudreau, Mathieu; Pike, G Bruce

2018-05-07

To develop and validate a regularization approach of optimizing B 1 insensitivity of the quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) pool-size ratio (F). An expression describing the impact of B 1 inaccuracies on qMT fitting parameters was derived using a sensitivity analysis. To simultaneously optimize for robustness against noise and B 1 inaccuracies, the optimization condition was defined as the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) regularized by the B 1 -sensitivity expression for the parameter of interest (F). The qMT protocols were iteratively optimized from an initial search space, with and without B 1 regularization. Three 10-point qMT protocols (Uniform, CRLB, CRLB+B 1 regularization) were compared using Monte Carlo simulations for a wide range of conditions (e.g., SNR, B 1 inaccuracies, tissues). The B 1 -regularized CRLB optimization protocol resulted in the best robustness of F against B 1 errors, for a wide range of SNR and for both white matter and gray matter tissues. For SNR = 100, this protocol resulted in errors of less than 1% in mean F values for B 1 errors ranging between -10 and 20%, the range of B 1 values typically observed in vivo in the human head at field strengths of 3 T and less. Both CRLB-optimized protocols resulted in the lowest σ F values for all SNRs and did not increase in the presence of B 1 inaccuracies. This work demonstrates a regularized optimization approach for improving the robustness of auxiliary measurements (e.g., B 1 ) sensitivity of qMT parameters, particularly the pool-size ratio (F). Predicting substantially less B 1 sensitivity using protocols optimized with this method, B 1 mapping could even be omitted for qMT studies primarily interested in F. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Influence of the teaching program on the learning in knowledge and practice of osteonecrosis of the jaws produced by antireasorptives in dental students of the Principality of Asturias (Spain)

PubMed Central

Escobedo, Matias-Ferrán; García-Consuegra, Luis; Gay, Silvia; Álvarez, Lorena; Olay, Sonsoles; Ascani, Giuliano

2017-01-01

Background This study aims to evaluate the influence of changes in the teaching contents on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw may have on the knowledge and the capacity for practical case resolution about this pathology. Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through a survey divided into four sections: degree of means of knowledge acquisition, habitual practice and ability to solve clinical cases. The total number of respondents (n = 225) was divided into two groups: Group A (Year 2015-2016) and Group B (Year 2016-2017). The students in Group B received more teaching content on the subject than group A. Results A total of 175 survey responses were collected. The internet was the preferred tool for continuing education in both groups. The best known bisphosphonates (BPs) were Alendronate (Fosamax®: 56.9% Group A, 67.5% Group B) and Zoledronic Acid (Zometa®: 56.9% Group A, 51.8% Group B). A low percentage of students (37.9% Group A, 43.4% Group B) acknowledged the existence of other drugs that could also cause osteonecrosis of the jaws. Regarding the correct resolution of practical cases, the respondents of Group B reached a significantly higher score (5.67) than the score observed in Group A (4.04). Conclusions Training on medication-related osteonecrosis among dental students is susceptible to improvement. Introducing minor changes in the teachings allows this goal to be successfully achieved. Key words:Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ), medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), dental education. PMID:29410755

Considering Teaching Excellence in Higher Education: 2007-2013. A Literature Review since the CHERI Report 2007. HEA Research Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunn, Vicky; Fisk, Anna

2014-01-01

This research review explores both the research and the grey literature on university teaching excellence with a specific remit to update an earlier review, "Excellence in Teaching and Learning: a review of literature for the Higher Education Academy". Little, B., et al (2007) The two main aims are: (1) to suggest further areas of…

Feeding Two Birds with One Scone? The Relationship between Teaching and Research for Graduate Students across the Disciplines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilmore, Joanna; Lewis, David M. G.; Maher, Michelle; Feldon, David; Timmerman, Briana E.

2015-01-01

We surveyed over 300 graduate students at a Southeastern research university to increase our understanding of their perceptions of (a) the connection between teaching and research, (b) the means by which integration occurs, and (c) the extent to which teaching and research contribute to a shared skill set that is of value in both contexts. We also…

Patterns for Teaching Conflict; Part A, K-3 [And] Part B, 4-6. Global Perspectives: A Humanistic Influence on the Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, David C., Ed.; Long, Cathryn J.

Ten lessons provide techniques for teaching about conflict in grades kindergarten through six. These lessons, developed to accompany the teaching guidelines outlined in SO 009 795, illustrate how the guidelines might be used in any elementary social studies classroom. Five sample lessons are described for each of two levels: grades K-3 and grades…

Influence of Teaching Strategies and its Order of Exposure on Pre-Clinical Teeth Arrangement – A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Mani, Uma Maheswari; Christian, Jayanth; Seenivasan, Madhan Kumar; Natarajan, Parthasarathy; Vaidhyanathan, Anand Kumar

2016-01-01

Introduction Teeth arrangement is a vital skill for the undergraduate dental student. The attainment of skills depends largely on the methodology of teaching. In a dental curriculum, the students are exposed to a wide variety of inputs and teaching methodologies from different sources. The educational unit in dental school must identify the sequence of teaching methods that enhance the learning and practising ability of students. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different teaching methodologies for teeth arrangement and compare the differences between the orders of exposure to each teaching methodology on the development of teeth arrangement skills. Materials and Methods The first year B.D.S students were study participants and were divided into three groups A, B, C. They were exposed to three teaching patterns namely live demonstration with video assisted teaching, group discussion with hand-outs and lectures with power point presentation. After each teaching methodology, their skill was assessed. The groups were exposed to three methodologies in different order for three arrangements. The scores obtained were analysed using Kruskal Wallis rank sum test and Dunn test for statistical significance. Results Significantly higher scores in the teeth arrangement procedure were obtained by the Group A students who were exposed initially to live demonstration with video-assisted teaching. Difference in the scores was noted among and within the groups. The difference between Group A and Group C was statistically significant after both first and third teeth arrangement (p=0.0031, p=0.0057). Conclusion The study suggests each pre-clinical practice should begin with a live demonstration to enhance immediate learning absorption followed by lectures with power point presentation and group discussion for retention of knowledge and memory retrieval. PMID:27891468

Influence of Teaching Strategies and its Order of Exposure on Pre-Clinical Teeth Arrangement - A Pilot Study.

PubMed

Jeyapalan, Karthigeyan; Mani, Uma Maheswari; Christian, Jayanth; Seenivasan, Madhan Kumar; Natarajan, Parthasarathy; Vaidhyanathan, Anand Kumar

2016-10-01

Teeth arrangement is a vital skill for the undergraduate dental student. The attainment of skills depends largely on the methodology of teaching. In a dental curriculum, the students are exposed to a wide variety of inputs and teaching methodologies from different sources. The educational unit in dental school must identify the sequence of teaching methods that enhance the learning and practising ability of students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three different teaching methodologies for teeth arrangement and compare the differences between the orders of exposure to each teaching methodology on the development of teeth arrangement skills. The first year B.D.S students were study participants and were divided into three groups A, B, C. They were exposed to three teaching patterns namely live demonstration with video assisted teaching, group discussion with hand-outs and lectures with power point presentation. After each teaching methodology, their skill was assessed. The groups were exposed to three methodologies in different order for three arrangements. The scores obtained were analysed using Kruskal Wallis rank sum test and Dunn test for statistical significance. Significantly higher scores in the teeth arrangement procedure were obtained by the Group A students who were exposed initially to live demonstration with video-assisted teaching. Difference in the scores was noted among and within the groups. The difference between Group A and Group C was statistically significant after both first and third teeth arrangement (p=0.0031, p=0.0057). The study suggests each pre-clinical practice should begin with a live demonstration to enhance immediate learning absorption followed by lectures with power point presentation and group discussion for retention of knowledge and memory retrieval.

Systematic review with dose-response meta-analyses between vitamin B-12 intake and European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned's prioritized biomarkers of vitamin B-12 including randomized controlled trials and observational studies in adults and elderly persons.

PubMed

Dullemeijer, Carla; Souverein, Olga W; Doets, Esmée L; van der Voet, Hilko; van Wijngaarden, Janneke P; de Boer, Waldo J; Plada, Maria; Dhonukshe-Rutten, Rosalie A M; In 't Veld, Paulette H; Cavelaars, Adrienne E J M; de Groot, Lisette C P G M; van 't Veer, Pieter

2013-02-01

Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies have provided information on the association between vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers. The use of these data to estimate dose-response relations provides a useful means to summarize the body of evidence. We systematically reviewed studies that investigated vitamin B-12 intake and biomarkers of vitamin B-12 status and estimated dose-response relations with the use of a meta-analysis. This systematic review included all RCTs, prospective cohort studies, nested case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies in healthy adult populations published through January 2010 that supplied or measured dietary vitamin B-12 intake and measured vitamin B-12 status as serum or plasma vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid (MMA), or holotranscobalamin. We calculated an intake-status regression coefficient ( ) for each individual study and calculated the overall pooled and SE ( ) by using random-effects meta-analysis on a double-log scale. The meta-analysis of observational studies showed a weaker slope of dose-response relations than the meta-analysis of RCTs. The pooled dose-response relation of all studies between vitamin B-12 intake and status indicated that a doubling of the vitamin B-12 intake increased vitamin B-12 concentrations by 11% (95% CI: 9.4%, 12.5%). This increase was larger for studies in elderly persons (13%) than in studies in adults (8%). The dose-response relation between vitamin B-12 intake and MMA concentrations indicated a decrease in MMA of 7% (95% CI: -10%, -4%) for every doubling of the vitamin B-12 intake. The assessment of risk of bias within individual studies and across studies indicated risk that was unlikely to seriously alter these results. The obtained dose-response estimate between vitamin B-12 intake and status provides complementary evidence to underpin recommendations for a vitamin B-12 intake of populations.

[Water birthing: retrospective review of 2625 water births. Contamination of birth pool water and risk of microbial cross-infection].

PubMed

Thöni, A; Mussner, K; Ploner, F

2010-06-01

The aim of this study was to document the practice of 2625 water births at Vipiteno over the period 1997-2009 and compare outcome and safety with normal vaginal delivery. The microbial load of the birth pool water was analyzed, and neonatal infection rates after water birth and after land delivery were compared. Methods. The variables analyzed in the 1152 primiparae were: length of labor; incidence of episiotomies and tears; arterial cord blood pH and base excess values; percentage of pH<7.10 and base excess values >/=12 mmol/L. In all 2625 water births, the variables were: analgesic requirements; shoulder dystocia/ neonatal complications; and deliveries after a previous caesarean section. Bacterial cultures of water samples obtained from the bath after filling (sample A) and after delivery (sample B) were analyzed in 300 cases. The pediatricians recorded signs of suspected neonatal infection after water birth and after conventional vaginal delivery. There was a marked reduction in labor duration in the primiparae who birthed in water; the episiotomy rate was 0.46%. Owing to the pain relieving effect of the warm birth pool water, pain relievers (opiates) were required in only 12.9% of water births. Arterial cord blood pH and base excess values were comparable in both groups. Shoulder dystocia/neonatal complications were managed in 4 water births; 105 women with a previous caesarean section had a water birth. In sample A, the isolated micro-organisms were Legionella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; in sample B, there was elevated colonization of birth pool water by total coliform bacilli and Escherichia coli. Despite microbial contamination of birth pool water during delivery, antibiotic prophylaxis, as indicated by clinical and laboratory suspicion of infection, was administered to only 0.98% of babies after water birth versus 1.64% of those after land delivery. Results suggest clear medical advantages of water birthing: significantly shorter labor duration among the primiparae; a net reduction in episiotomy rates; and a marked drop in requests for pain relievers. During expulsion of the fetus at delivery, fecal matter is released into the birth pool water, contaminating it with micro-organisms. Despite this, water birthing was found to be safe for the neonate and did not carry a higher risk of neonatal infection when compared with conventional vaginal delivery.

Identification and functional characterization of NifA variants that are independent of GlnB activation in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum.

PubMed

Zou, Xiaoxiao; Zhu, Yu; Pohlmann, Edward L; Li, Jilun; Zhang, Yaoping; Roberts, Gary P

2008-09-01

The activity of NifA, the transcriptional activator of the nitrogen fixation (nif) gene, is tightly regulated in response to ammonium and oxygen. However, the mechanisms for the regulation of NifA activity are quite different among various nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Unlike the well-studied NifL-NifA regulatory systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii, in Rhodospirillum rubrum NifA is activated by a direct protein-protein interaction with the uridylylated form of GlnB, which in turn causes a conformational change in NifA. We report the identification of several substitutions in the N-terminal GAF domain of R. rubrum NifA that allow NifA to be activated in the absence of GlnB. Presumably these substitutions cause conformational changes in NifA necessary for activation, without interaction with GlnB. We also found that wild-type NifA can be activated in a GlnB-independent manner under certain growth conditions, suggesting that some other effector(s) can also activate NifA. An attempt to use Tn5 mutagenesis to obtain mutants that altered the pool of these presumptive effector(s) failed, though much rarer spontaneous mutations in nifA were detected. This suggests that the necessary alteration of the pool of effector(s) for NifA activation cannot be obtained by knockout mutations.

Evaluation of concurrent priority queue algorithms. Technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Q.

1991-02-01

The priority queue is a fundamental data structure that is used in a large variety of parallel algorithms, such as multiprocessor scheduling and parallel best-first search of state-space graphs. This thesis addresses the design and experimental evaluation of two novel concurrent priority queues: a parallel Fibonacci heap and a concurrent priority pool, and compares them with the concurrent binary heap. The parallel Fibonacci heap is based on the sequential Fibonacci heap, which is theoretically the most efficient data structure for sequential priority queues. This scheme not only preserves the efficient operation time bounds of its sequential counterpart, but also hasmore » very low contention by distributing locks over the entire data structure. The experimental results show its linearly scalable throughput and speedup up to as many processors as tested (currently 18). A concurrent access scheme for a doubly linked list is described as part of the implementation of the parallel Fibonacci heap. The concurrent priority pool is based on the concurrent B-tree and the concurrent pool. The concurrent priority pool has the highest throughput among the priority queues studied. Like the parallel Fibonacci heap, the concurrent priority pool scales linearly up to as many processors as tested. The priority queues are evaluated in terms of throughput and speedup. Some applications of concurrent priority queues such as the vertex cover problem and the single source shortest path problem are tested.« less

The near-peer tutoring programme: embracing the 'doctors-to-teach' philosophy - a comparison of the effects of participation between the senior and junior near-peer tutors.

PubMed

Liew, Siaw-Cheok; Sow, Chew-Fei; Sidhu, Jagmohni; Nadarajah, Vishna Devi

2015-01-01

Background While there is an increasing pool of literature documenting the benefits of near-peer tutoring programme, little is known about the benefits for junior and senior peer tutors. Knowledge of the peer tutors' perceived benefits at different levels of seniority will aid in the development of a near-peer tutoring programme that will better fulfil both curricula and personal aspirations of near-peer tutors. We, therefore, investigated the perceived benefits of participation in a near-peer tutoring programme for junior as well as senior near-peer tutors. Methods Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were distributed to near-peer tutors after their clinical skills teaching sessions with Phase I undergraduate medical students. The Peer Tutor Assessment Instrument questionnaires were distributed to the 1) students, and to the 2) near-peer tutors (junior and senior) after each teaching and learning session for self-evaluation. Results The senior near-peer tutors felt that their participation in the programme had enhanced their skills (p=0.03). As a whole, the near-peer tutors were more motivated (Pre 5.32±0.46; Post 5.47±0.50; p=0.210) to participate in future teaching sessions but did not expect that having teaching experiences would make teaching as their major career path in the future (Pre 4.63±1.07; Post 4.54±0.98; p=0.701). The senior near-peer tutors were evaluated significantly higher by the students (p=0.0001). Students' evaluations of near-peer tutors on the domain of critical analysis was higher than self-evaluations (p=0.003). Conclusions Generally, the near-peer tutors perceived that they have benefited most in their skills enhancement and these near-peer tutors were scored highly by the students. However, senior near-peer tutors do not perceive that the programme has a lasting impact on their choice of career path.

The near-peer tutoring programme: embracing the 'doctors-to-teach' philosophy--a comparison of the effects of participation between the senior and junior near-peer tutors.

PubMed

Liew, Siaw-Cheok; Sow, Chew-Fei; Sidhu, Jagmohni; Nadarajah, Vishna Devi

2015-01-01

While there is an increasing pool of literature documenting the benefits of near-peer tutoring programme, little is known about the benefits for junior and senior peer tutors. Knowledge of the peer tutors' perceived benefits at different levels of seniority will aid in the development of a near-peer tutoring programme that will better fulfil both curricula and personal aspirations of near-peer tutors. We, therefore, investigated the perceived benefits of participation in a near-peer tutoring programme for junior as well as senior near-peer tutors. Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were distributed to near-peer tutors after their clinical skills teaching sessions with Phase I undergraduate medical students. The Peer Tutor Assessment Instrument questionnaires were distributed to the 1) students, and to the 2) near-peer tutors (junior and senior) after each teaching and learning session for self-evaluation. The senior near-peer tutors felt that their participation in the programme had enhanced their skills (p=0.03). As a whole, the near-peer tutors were more motivated (Pre 5.32±0.46; Post 5.47±0.50; p=0.210) to participate in future teaching sessions but did not expect that having teaching experiences would make teaching as their major career path in the future (Pre 4.63±1.07; Post 4.54±0.98; p=0.701). The senior near-peer tutors were evaluated significantly higher by the students (p=0.0001). Students' evaluations of near-peer tutors on the domain of critical analysis was higher than self-evaluations (p=0.003). Generally, the near-peer tutors perceived that they have benefited most in their skills enhancement and these near-peer tutors were scored highly by the students. However, senior near-peer tutors do not perceive that the programme has a lasting impact on their choice of career path.

Leadership Effectiveness Assessment Profile (LEAP): Organizational Taxonomy and Enlisted Item Pool Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

consistent with military and/or psychological protocol, philosophy, and theory . Each skill had to be consid- ered learnable by each individual within...VII. DEGREE OFFLUX A. Quantity of information exchanged (L) A. Expected (H) B. Emphasis on task rather than B. Unexpected (M) socioemotional aspects...personality. New York: Oxford University Press. Parsons, T. (1956). Suggestions for a sociological approach to the theory of organiza- tions

The Israeli Approach to Irregular Warfare and Implications for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

JSOU Senior Fellow Alvaro de Souza Pinheiro Major General, Brazilian Army, Ret. JSOU Associate Fellow Kenneth H. Poole Colonel, U.S. Air Force, Ret...Educational Leadership JSOU Dean of Academics J. Paul de B. Taillon Ph.D., International Affairs Royal Military College of Canada and JSOU Associate...J. Paul de B. Taillon Operationalizing COIN, September 2005, Joseph D. Celeski Theoretical Perspectives of Terrorist Enemies as Networks, October

Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospitalist Fellowships.

PubMed

Vintzileos, Anthony M

2015-09-01

This article establishes the rationale and development of an obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) hospitalist fellowship program. The pool of OB/GYN hospitalists needs to be drastically expanded to accommodate the country's needs. Fellowship programs should provide extra training and confidence for recent resident graduates who want to pursue a hospitalist career. Fellowships should train physicians in a way that aligns their interests with those of the hospital with respect to patient care, teaching, and research. Research in the core measures should be a necessary component of the fellowship so as to provide long-term benefits for all stakeholders, including hospitals and patients. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Validation of PCR as a tool for the detection of Leishmania (Vianna) spp. parasites in the Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae) vector].

PubMed

Santamaría, Erika; Ponce, Nubia; Puerta, Concepción; Ferro, Cristina

2005-06-01

The applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated for the detection and identification of parasites in sand fly vectors and thereby precluding the necessity of dissecting them. DNA was extracted from individual, laboratory infected sand flies, and subjected to PCR amplification using specific B1 and B2 primers for parasites of the Leishmania (Viannia) subgenus. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR primers were defined by means of serial dilutions of a Leishmania culture. Pooled samples of 1 to 5 sandflies were examined in association with the parasite dilutions to determine the point at which sensitivity became reduced. Experimentally infected sand flies were used to compare the sensitivity of the PCR with sand fly dissection and searching for flagellated parasites by microscopic examination. As few as a single parasite was detected, and the sensitivity remained unaltered up to 3 female sand flies per pool. Detection rates were 33% for the traditional technique and 33.3% for PCR. The B1 and B2 primers were confirmed as specific for Leishmania (Viannia) parasites. The demonstrably high sensitivity and specificity of PCR warrant the use of PCR in assessing natural infection rates of Leishmania (Viannia) in field populations of sand fly vectors.

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and the Relationship between Protozoa and Water Quality Indicators in Swimming Pools.

PubMed

Xiao, Shumin; Yin, Pengna; Zhang, Yan; Hu, Sike

2017-04-01

A total of 60 samples were collected from 35 swimming pools in Beijing, China, and the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were investigated. The results showed that 16.7% and 15.0% of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cysts, respectively, with a mean concentration of 0.30 oocysts/10 L and 0.27 cysts/10 L. The oocysts and cysts were found to have higher rates of occurrence in August than in May. Genotyping confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum , and Giardia assemblages A and B, all of which were associated with human infections. The predominant species/assemblages were C. hominis and Giardia assemblage A. Analyses of the relationships between parasite oocysts/cysts, indicator bacteria, and physical-chemical parameters revealed that there was no correlation between 2 parasites and fecal bacterial indicators, whilst there was a significant correlation between protozoa and urea concentration, which indicates that urea concentration rather than fecal bacterial indicators might be an appropriate index for chlorine-resistant protozoa in swimming pools. This study provides useful information to improve the safety of swimming pool water and deduce the risk of protozoan infections.

The effect of azeotropism on combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fire.

PubMed

Ding, Yanming; Wang, Changjian; Lu, Shouxiang

2014-04-30

The effect of azeotropism on combustion characteristics of blended fuel pool fire was experimentally studied in an open fire test space of State Key Laboratory of Fire Science. A 30 cm × 30 cm square pool filled with n-heptane and ethanol blended fuel was employed. Flame images, burning rate and temperature distribution were collected and recorded in the whole combustion process. Results show that azeotropism obviously dominates the combustion behavior of n-heptane/ethanol blended fuel pool fire. The combustion process after ignition exhibits four typical stages: initial development, azeotropic burning, single-component burning and decay stage. Azeotropism appears when temperature of fuel surface reaches azeotropic point and blended fuel burns at azeotropic ratio. Compared with individual pure fuel, the effect of azeotropism on main fire parameters, such as flame height, burning rate, flame puffing frequency and centerline temperature were analyzed. Burning rate and centerline temperature of blended fuel are higher than that of individual pure fuel respectively at azeotropic burning stage, and flame puffing frequency follows the empirical formula between Strouhal and Froude number for pure fuel. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Team Teaching; An Annotated Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marin County Public Schools, Corte Madera, CA.

Team teaching consists of four major types of teams emerging in the public school staffing patterns: (a) interdisciplinary groupings of teachers with diversified specialties; (b) groupings of teachers with instructional aides, paraprofessionals, and volunteers; (c) teams focusing on specific subject matter areas and related curriculum development…

42 CFR 57.1510 - Security for loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... TEACHING FACILITIES, EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENTS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND STUDENT LOANS Loan Guarantees and Interest Subsidies to Assist in Construction of Teaching Facilities for Health Profession Personnel § 57.1510... facility and site thereof. (b) Negotiable stocks or bonds of a quality and value acceptable to the...

The Experience of Teaching Online in Nursing Education.

PubMed

Gazza, Elizabeth A

2017-06-01

Online education has become a key instructional delivery method in nursing education; however, limited understanding exists about what it is like to teach online. The aim of this study was to uncover the experience of teaching online in nursing education. The sample for this phenomenological study included 14 nursing faculty who completed at least 50% of their teaching workload assignment in fully online courses in baccalaureate, master's, or doctoral nursing programs. Data were collected through the use of a demographic questionnaire and personal interviews. Four themes emerged from the data: (a) Looking at a Lot of Moving Parts, (b) Always Learning New Things, (c) Going Back and Forth, and (d) Time Is a Blessing and a Curse. Online teaching in nursing education differs from traditional classroom teaching in a variety of ways. Policies and guidelines that govern faculty teaching should encompass the identified intricacies of online teaching. [J Nurs Educ. 2017;56(6):343-349.]. Copyright 2017, SLACK Incorporated.

Comparison of type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence in different phases of hepatitis B virus infection: A meta-analysis.

PubMed

Shen, Yi; Zhang, Sheng; Wang, Xulin; Wang, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Jian; Qin, Gang; Li, Wenchao; Ding, Kun; Zhang, Lei; Liang, Feng

2017-10-01

Because whether hepatitis B virus infection increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a controversial topic, pair-wise and network meta-analyses of published literature were carried out to accurately evaluate the association between different phases of hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A comprehensive literature retrieval was conducted from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Database to identify epidemiological studies on the association between hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus that were published from 1999 to 2015. A pair-wise meta-analysis of direct evidence was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. A network meta-analysis was conducted, including the construction of a network plot, inconsistency plot, predictive interval plot, comparison-adjusted funnel plot and rank diagram, to graphically link the direct and indirect comparisons between different hepatitis B virus infective phases. Eighteen publications (n=113 639) describing 32 studies were included in this meta-analysis. In the pair-wise meta-analysis, the pooled odds ratio for type 2 diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis patients was 1.76 (95% confidence interval: 1.44-2.14) when compared with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients. In the network meta-analysis, six comparisons of four hepatitis B virus infectious states indicated the following descending order for the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: hepatitis B cirrhosis patients, non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients, hepatitis B virus carriers and non-hepatitis B virus controls. This study suggests that hepatitis B virus infection is not an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the development of cirrhosis may increase the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus cirrhosis. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Comparison of two teaching methods for cardiac arrhythmia interpretation among nursing students.

PubMed

Varvaroussis, Dimitrios P; Kalafati, Maria; Pliatsika, Paraskevi; Castrén, Maaret; Lott, Carsten; Xanthos, Theodoros

2014-02-01

The aim of this study was to compare the six-stage method (SSM) for instructing primary cardiac arrhythmias interpretation to students without basic electrocardiogram (ECG) knowledge with a descriptive teaching method in a single educational intervention. This is a randomized trial. Following a brief instructional session, undergraduate nursing students, assigned to group A (SSM) and group B (descriptive teaching method), undertook a written test in cardiac rhythm recognition, immediately after the educational intervention (initial exam). Participants were also examined with an unannounced retention test (final exam), one month after instruction. Altogether 134 students completed the study. Interpretation accuracy for each cardiac arrhythmia was assessed. Mean score at the initial exam was 8.71±1.285 for group A and 8.74±1.303 for group B. Mean score at the final exam was 8.25±1.46 for group A vs 7.84±1.44 for group B. Overall results showed that the SSM was equally effective with the descriptive teaching method. The study showed that in each group bradyarrhythmias were identified correctly by more students than tachyarrhythmias. No significant difference between the two teaching methods was seen for any specific cardiac arrhythmia. The SSM effectively develops staff competency for interpreting common cardiac arrhythmias in students without ECG knowledge. More research is needed to support this conclusion and the method's effectiveness must be evaluated if being implemented to trainee groups with preexisting basic ECG interpretation knowledge. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oncogenic targets, magnitude of benefit, and market pricing of antineoplastic drugs.

PubMed

Amir, Eitan; Seruga, Bostjan; Martinez-Lopez, Joaquin; Kwong, Ryan; Pandiella, Atanasio; Tannock, Ian F; Ocaña, Alberto

2011-06-20

The relationship between market pricing of new anticancer drugs and the magnitude of clinical benefit caused by them has not been reported. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated approved new agents for solid tumors by the U.S. Food and Drug administration since the year 2000 were assessed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were extracted for time-to-event end points described for each RCT. HRs were pooled for three groups: agents directed against a specific molecular target, for which the target population is selected by a biomarker (group A); less specific biologic targeted agents (group B); and chemotherapeutic agents (group C). Monthly market prices of these different drugs were compared. For overall survival (OS), the pooled HR was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.81) for group A (six drugs, six trials); it was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.83) for group B (seven drugs, 14 trials); and it was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.90) for group C (eight drugs, 12 trials). For progression-free survival (PFS), the pooled HR was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.49) for group A (six drugs, seven trials); it was 0.57 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.64) for group B (seven drugs, 14 trials); and it was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.85) for group C (six drugs, 10 trials). Tests for heterogeneity between subgroups were highly significant for PFS (P < .001) and OS (P = .02). The median monthly prices for standard doses of drugs were $5375 for group A, $5644 for group B, and $6584 for group C (P = .87). New agents with specific molecular targets are clinically the most beneficial, but their monthly market prices are not significantly different from those of other anticancer agents.

26 CFR 25.2702-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Charitable remainder trust. (4) Pooled income fund. (5) Charitable lead trust. (6) Certain assignments of...) Qualified interest. (7) Qualified annuity interest. (8) Qualified unitrust interest. (9) Qualified remainder interest. (10) Governing instrument. (b) Valuation of retained interests. (1) In general. (2) Qualified...

48 CFR 945.607-2 - Recovering precious metals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT GOVERNMENT PROPERTY Reporting, Redistribution, and Disposal of Contractor Inventory 945.607-2 Recovering precious metals. (b) Contractors generating contractor inventory containing precious metals shall... silver should be reported to the precious metals pool. The Oak Ridge Operations Office is responsible for...

Activity-Based Costing in the Naval Postgraduate School

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

SCHOOL ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING MODEL ...29 A. MODELING ISSUES AND LIMITATIONS ..............................................29 B. COST POOL ALLOCATIONS TO PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTS...Activity, Monterey Bay (NSAMB). As such, MWR is not included in the costing model . Similarly, the cost of student salaries and benefits are not

The questions of scientific literacy and the challenges for contemporary science teaching: An ecological perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Mijung

This study began with questions about how science education can bring forth humanity and ethics to reflect increasing concerns about controversial issues of science and technology in contemporary society. Discussing and highlighting binary epistemological assumptions in science education, the study suggests embodied science learning with human subjectivity and integrity between knowledge and practice. The study questions (a) students' understandings of the relationships between STSE and their everyday lifeworld and (b) the challenges of cultivating scientific literacy through STSE teaching. In seeking to understand something about the pedagogical enactment of embodied scientific literacy that emphasizes the harmony of children's knowledges and their lifeworlds, this study employs a mindful pedagogy of hermeneutics. The intro- and intra-dialogical modes of hermeneutic understanding investigate the pedagogical relationship of parts (research texts of students, curriculum, and social milieu) and the whole (STSE teaching in contemporary time and place). The research was conducted with 86 Korean 6 graders at a public school in Seoul, Korea in 2003. Mixed methods were utilized for data collection including a survey questionnaire, a drawing activity, interviews, children's reflective writing, and classroom teaching and observation. The research findings suggest the challenges and possibilities of STSE teaching as follows: (a) children's separated knowledge from everyday practice and living, (b) children's conflicting ideas between ecological/ethical aspects and modernist values, (c) possibilities of embodied knowing in children's practice, and (d) teachers' pedagogical dilemmas in STSE teaching based on the researcher's experiences and reflection throughout teaching practice. As further discussion, this study suggests an ecological paradigm for science curriculum and teaching as a potential framework to cultivate participatory scientific literacy for citizenship in contemporary science teaching.

Fast insulin secretion reflects exocytosis of docked granules in mouse pancreatic B-cells.

PubMed

Olofsson, Charlotta S; Göpel, Sven O; Barg, Sebastian; Galvanovskis, Juris; Ma, Xiaosong; Salehi, Albert; Rorsman, Patrik; Eliasson, Lena

2002-05-01

A readily releasable pool (RRP) of granules has been proposed to underlie the first phase of insulin secretion. In the present study we combined electron microscopy, insulin secretion measurements and recordings of cell capacitance in an attempt to define this pool ultrastructurally. Mouse pancreatic B-cells contain approximately 9,000 granules, of which 7% are docked below the plasma membrane. The number of docked granules was reduced by 30% (200 granules) during 10 min stimulation with high K+. This stimulus depolarized the cell to -10 mV, elevated cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+](i)) from a basal concentration of 130 nM to a peak of 1.3 microM and released 0.5 ng insulin/islet, corresponding to 200-300 granules/cell. The Ca2+ transient decayed towards the prestimulatory concentration within approximately 200 s, presumably reflecting Ca2+ channel inactivation. Renewed stimulation with high K+ failed to stimulate insulin secretion when applied in the absence of glucose. The size of the RRP, derived from the insulin measurements, is similar to that estimated from the increase in cell capacitance elicited by photolytic release of caged Ca2+. We propose that the RRP represents a subset of the docked pool of granules and that replenishment of RRP can be accounted for largely by chemical modification of granules already in place or situated close to the plasma membrane.

Drivers of soil organic matter vulnerability to climate change, Part II: RothC modelling of carbon dynamics including radiocarbon data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Studer, Mirjam S.; Abiven, Samuel; González Domínguez, Beatriz R.; Hagedorn, Frank; Reisser, Moritz; Walthert, Lorenz; Zimmermann, Stephan; Niklaus, Pascal A.

2016-04-01

It is still largely unknown what drives the vulnerability of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks to climate change, i.e. the likelihood of a soil to loose its SOC along with the change in environmental conditions. Our objective is to assess the SOC vulnerability of Swiss forest soils and identify its potential drivers: climate (temperature, soil moisture), soil (clay content, pH) and landscape (slope, aspect) properties. Fifty-four sites were selected for balanced spatial and driver magnitudes distribution. We measured the SOC characteristics (content and radiocarbon) and studied the C decomposition by laboratory soil incubations (details in Part I, abstract by B. González Domínguez). In order to assess the current SOC pool distribution and its radiocarbon signatures, we extended the Rothamsted Carbon (RothC) model with radiocarbon (14C) isotope modelling (RothCiso). The RothC model distinguishes four active SOC pools, decomposable and resistant plant material, microbial biomass and humified organic matter, and an inert SOC pool (Jenkinson 1990). The active pools are decomposed and mineralized to CO2 by first order kinetics. The RothCiso assigns all pools a 14C signature, based on the atmospheric 14C concentrations of the past century (plant C inputs) and their turnover. Currently we constrain the model with 14C signatures measured on the 54 fresh and their corresponding archived bulk soil samples, taken 12-24 years before. We were able to reproduce the measured radiocarbon concentrations of the SOC with the RothCiso and first results indicate, that the assumption of an inert SOC pool, that is radiocarbon dead, is not appropriate. In a second step we will compare the SOC mean residence time assessed by the two methodological approaches - incubation (C efflux based) and modelling (C stock based) - and relate it to the environmental drivers mentioned above. With the combination of the two methodological approaches and 14C analysis we hope to gain more insights into the source of the C lost along with climate change - is it "young" C from active pools with high turnover (e.g. plant material) or is it rather "old" C that was stabilized in pools with slow turnover (e.g. "humified" or stabilized organic matter)? This will enable us to judge if the C losses observed in the incubation experiments are relevant for longer time scales (decades) and could not be easily compensated for by increased C inputs. Thus, the SOC vulnerability to climate change will be rated based on the amount and source of C lost and compared with climate, soil and landscape properties to gain insights on the drivers of the SOC vulnerability on a regional scale. References Jenkinson, D. S. (1990). The turnover of organic carbon and nitrogen in soil. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 329, 361-368.

Creative Teaching with Historic Places.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenberg, Ronald M., Ed.

2000-01-01

This journal contains articles and materials to help teachers instruct students about U.S. historical and cultural heritage. Articles and teaching materials are: "History in the Hands of Tomorrow's Citizens" (C. D. Shull; B. M. Boland); "On-Site Learning--The Power of Historic Places" (J. O. Horton); "Visualizing…

The predictive value of 18F-FDG PET for pathological response of primary tumor in patients with esophageal cancer during or after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Cong, Lihong; Wang, Shikun; Gao, Teng; Hu, Likuan

2016-12-01

We want to review the value of 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography for response prediction of primary tumor in patients with esophageal cancer during or after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Studies were searched in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library with specific search strategy. The published articles were included according to the criteria established in advance. The included studies were divided into two groups according to the time of the repeat positron emission tomography: during (Group A) or after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (Group B). The studies that performed the repeat positron emission tomography after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were graded Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were obtained for both groups on the basis of no-existing of threshold effect. Fifteen studies were included in the present study. The threshold effect did not exist in both groups. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio were 85%, 59%, 6.82 with 95% confidence interval 76-91%, 48-69%, 2.25-20.72 in Group A. The equivalent values were 67%, 69%, 6.34 with 95% confidence interval 60-73%, 63-74%, 2.08-19.34 in Group B. The pooled sensitivity was 90% in four studies that enrolled patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma merely in Group B. According to the present data, positron emission tomography should not be used routinely to guide treatment strategy in esophageal cancer patients. We speculated that positron emission tomography could be used as a tool to predict treatment response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Head-To-Head Comparison Between High- and Standard-b-Value DWI for Detecting Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Woo, Sungmin; Suh, Chong Hyun; Kim, Sang Youn; Cho, Jeong Yeon; Kim, Seung Hyup

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison between high-b-value (> 1000 s/mm 2 ) and standard-b-value (800-1000 s/mm 2 ) DWI regarding diagnostic performance in the detection of prostate cancer. The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to April 1, 2017. The analysis included diagnostic accuracy studies in which high- and standard-b-value DWI were used for prostate cancer detection with histopathologic examination as the reference standard. Methodologic quality was assessed with the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Sensitivity and specificity of all studies were calculated and were pooled and plotted in a hierarchic summary ROC plot. Meta-regression and multiple-subgroup analyses were performed to compare the diagnostic performances of high- and standard-b-value DWI. Eleven studies (789 patients) were included. High-b-value DWI had greater pooled sensitivity (0.80 [95% CI, 0.70-0.87]) (p = 0.03) and specificity (0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.95]) (p = 0.01) than standard-b-value DWI (sensitivity, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.86]); specificity, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.77-0.93] (p < 0.01). Multiple-subgroup analyses showed that specificity was consistently higher for high- than for standard-b-value DWI (p ≤ 0.05). Sensitivity was significantly higher for high- than for standard-b-value DWI only in the following subgroups: peripheral zone only, transition zone only, multiparametric protocol (DWI and T2-weighted imaging), visual assessment of DW images, and per-lesion analysis (p ≤ 0.04). In a head-to-head comparison, high-b-value DWI had significantly better sensitivity and specificity for detection of prostate cancer than did standard-b-value DWI. Multiple-subgroup analyses showed that specificity was consistently superior for high-b-value DWI.

Who is driving continuing medical education for family medicine?

PubMed

Klein, Douglas; Allan, G Michael; Manca, Donna; Sargeant, Joan; Barnett, Carly

2009-01-01

Considerable time and money are invested in continuing medical education (CME) for family physicians (FPs) but the effectiveness is uncertain. The participation of FPs as coordinators and teachers is not well known. The goal of this project was to describe the role of FPs in organizing and teaching CME events that are accredited for FPs. Information about accredited CME events occurring in Alberta and Nova Scotia was requested from universities, provincial chapters of the College of Family Physicians of Canada, and pharmaceutical companies. Location, coordinating site, organizing committee members, teaching faculty, and format were recorded from each event. The number and proportion of FPs involved in both organizing and teaching CME events accredited for FPs were calculated and compared. A total of 314 CME events were collected, comprising a total of 1,472 hours of CME. From the CME events collected, there were 1,730 organizing committee members and 1,647 teachers. FPs constitute 59% of the organizing committees and 17% of the teachers. Significant differences in the numbers of FP planners and teachers were related to organizing group, format, location, and expected audience composition. The accreditation requirement for FPs on organizing committees likely helps preserve a reasonable proportion of FP organizers but not teachers in FP CME. The proportions of true FP planners and teachers may actually be lower than planning documents indicate. Low level of family physician teachers in CME may be due to FPs' not selecting FP teachers, the FP teaching pool's being inadequate, or the organizing committee's being unaware of FPs who are knowledgeable in particular areas.

Meeting the computer technology needs of community faculty: building new models for faculty development.

PubMed

Baldwin, Constance D; Niebuhr, Virginia N; Sullivan, Brian

2004-01-01

We aimed to identify the evolving computer technology needs and interests of community faculty in order to design an effective faculty development program focused on computer skills: the Teaching and Learning Through Educational Technology (TeLeTET) program. Repeated surveys were conducted between 1994 and 2002 to assess computer resources and needs in a pool of over 800 primary care physician-educators in community practice in East Texas. Based on the results, we developed and evaluated several models to teach community preceptors about computer technologies that are useful for education. Before 1998, only half of our community faculty identified a strong interest in developing their technology skills. As the revolution in telecommunications advanced, however, preceptors' needs and interests changed, and the use of this technology to support community-based teaching became feasible. In 1998 and 1999, resource surveys showed that many of our community teaching sites had computers and Internet access. By 2001, the desire for teletechnology skills development was strong in a nucleus of community faculty, although lack of infrastructure, time, and skills were identified barriers. The TeLeTET project developed several innovative models for technology workshops and conferences, supplemented by online resources, that were well attended and positively evaluated by 181 community faculty over a 3-year period. We have identified the evolving needs of community faculty through iterative needs assessments, developed a flexible faculty development curriculum, and used open-ended, formative evaluation techniques to keep the TeLeTET program responsive to a rapidly changing environment for community-based education in computer technology.

Use of the concept mapping in teaching during a medical rotation of interns: an exploratory study.

PubMed

Kwas, Hamida; Ghédira, Habib

2017-12-01

Concept mapping is an excellent learning toolallowing to stimulate active learning.For this reason, the concept mapping is currently used increasingly in the medical and paramedical field. The aim of our study is to determine the contribution of teaching of medical interns by the concept mapping. Fourteen students enrolled at the same time in a medical rotation in Pulmonology were recruited for this exploratory study. Interns are divided into two groups (A and B).Both groups are taught by the clinical case method, illustrated by a concept mapping for group A interns. The evolution of the knowledge accuracy at post-testing has been greater in the group taught by the method of concept mapping: the number of correct responses increased in all participants of group A versus only 4 of group B. All students taught by concept mapping had at the post-test a note higher than or equal to 10/20 versus only three of the group taught by the method without concept map. The average score was 13 (11-15) in group A versus 10.28 (6-14) in group B. We emphasize the use of concept mapping in teaching especially in the faculty of medicine and we encourage clinicians to use this method in teaching interns in the hospital.

Assessment of Lecture Strategy with Different Teaching Aids

PubMed Central

Kumar, Manoj; Kumar, Jayballabh; Kumar, Gaurav; Kapoor, Sangeeta

2015-01-01

Background and Objectives: Medical/dental colleges in Northern India cater to students with diverse backgrounds, mother tongues, levels of comprehending English, and intelligence levels. This study was conducted to identify lecture strategy and teaching aid best suited for North Indian dental and medical students. It was conducted in two parts – 1. Survey of teachers’ and students’ opinion to obtain their preferences in teaching-learning practices followed in a conventional lecture, and 2. Comparison of students’ performances after a single trial lecture with different groups of students, using different teaching aids (TAs). Materials and Methods: Opinions of 33 faculty teaching first year dental/ medical students and 506 volunteer students (320 female) were compiled. Students were divided into four groups. A single trial lecture was held with each group (on the same topic, using identical lesson plan, by the same teacher) using a different teaching aid with each group. Lecture strategy was designed according to students’ preferences (as obtained from opinion survey) regarding language of instruction and the number of mental breaks. TAs used with different groups were chalk and board (C&B), PowerPoint (PPT), overhead projector (OHP), and a combination of C&B and PPT. Pre- and post-tests using multiple choice questions were conducted with each group. Results of post-test questionnaire and feedback from faculty attending the lecture were assessed for students’ satisfaction and attentiveness in all four groups. Results: Survey results indicated that although 97.6% students believed they had good/fair proficiency in English, 83.6% preferred being taught in a combination of English and Hindi; 44.3% students preferred C&B, 40.1% preferred PPT and 15.6% preferred the use of OHP as TA. After conducting a trial lecture with different TAs with each group, more than 90% students expressed satisfaction with the TA used for that group. Significantly better performance was observed in the post-lecture test when C&B was used. Conclusion: The needs of students in India are different from those of their Western counterparts, and should be considered during didactic lectures to improve the students’ understanding. Post-test results were better when C&B was used, as more students were attentive and/or took notes. PMID:25737979

Lesson Study-Building Communities of Learning Among Pre-Service Science Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamzeh, Fouada

Lesson Study is a widely used pedagogical approach that has been used for decades in its country of origin, Japan. It is a teacher-led form of professional development that involves the collaborative efforts of teachers in co-planning and observing the teaching of a lesson within a unit for evidence that the teaching practices used help the learning process (Lewis, 2002a). The purpose of this research was to investigate if Lesson Study enables pre-service teachers to improve their own teaching in the area of science inquiry-based approaches. Also explored are the self-efficacy beliefs of one group of science pre-service teachers related to their experiences in Lesson Study. The research investigated four questions: 1) Does Lesson Study influence teacher preparation for inquiry-based instruction? 2) Does Lesson Study improve teacher efficacy? 3) Does Lesson Study impact teachers' aspiration to collaborate with colleagues? 4) What are the attitudes and perceptions of pre-service teachers to the Lesson Study idea in Science? The 12 participants completed two pre- and post-study surveys: STEBI- B, Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (Enochs & Riggs, 1990) and ASTQ, Attitude towards Science Teaching. Data sources included student teaching lesson observations, lesson debriefing notes and focus group interviews. Results from the STEBI-B show that all participants measured an increase in efficacy throughout the study. This study added to the body of research on teaching learning communities, professional development programs and teacher empowerment.

Alpha-defensin and the Synovasure lateral flow device for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection.

PubMed

Marson, B A; Deshmukh, S R; Grindlay, D J C; Scammell, B E

2018-06-01

Aims The aim of this review was to evaluate the available literature and to calculate the pooled sensitivity and specificity for the different alpha-defensin test systems that may be used to diagnose prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Materials and Methods Studies using alpha-defensin or Synovasure (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) to diagnose PJI were identified from systematic searches of electronic databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS) tool. Meta-analysis was completed using a bivariate model. Results A total of 11 eligible studies were included. The median QUADAS score was 13 (interquartile range 13 to 13) out of 14. Significant conflicts of interest were identified in five studies. The pooled sensitivity for the laboratory alpha-defensin test was 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91 to 0.98) and the pooled specificity was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98) for four studies with a threshold level of 5.2 mgl -1 The pooled sensitivity for the lateral flow cassette test was 0.85 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.92) and the pooled specificity was 0.90 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.98). There was a statistically significant difference in sensitivity (p = 0.019), but not specificity (p = 0.47). Conclusion Laboratory-based alpha-defensin testing remains a promising tool for diagnosing PJI. The lateral flow cassette has a significantly lower performance and pooled results are comparable to the leucocyte esterase test. Further studies are required before the widespread adoption of the lateral flow cassette alpha-defensin test. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:703-11.

Involvement of the chloroplast plastoquinone pool in the Mehler reaction.

PubMed

Vetoshkina, Daria V; Ivanov, Boris N; Khorobrykh, Sergey A; Proskuryakov, Ivan I; Borisova-Mubarakshina, Maria M

2017-09-01

Light-dependent oxygen reduction in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain, i.e. the Mehler reaction, has been studied using isolated pea thylakoids. The role of the plastoquinone pool in the Mehler reaction was investigated in the presence of dinitrophenyl ether of 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol (DNP-INT), the inhibitor of plastohydroquinone oxidation by cytochrome b6/f complex. Oxygen reduction rate in the presence of DNP-INT was higher than in the absence of the inhibitor in low light at pH 6.5 and 7.6, showing that the capacity of the plastoquinone pool to reduce molecular oxygen in this case exceeded that of the entire electron transfer chain. In the presence of DNP-INT, appearance of superoxide anion radicals outside thylakoid membrane represented approximately 60% of the total superoxide anion radicals produced. The remaining 40% of the produced superoxide anion radicals was suggested to be trapped by plastohydroquinone molecules within thylakoid membrane, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). To validate the reaction of superoxide anion radical with plastohydroquinone, xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was integrated with thylakoid membrane in order to generate superoxide anion radical in close vicinity of plastohydroquinone. Addition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase to the thylakoid suspension resulted in a decrease in the reduction level of the plastoquinone pool in the light. The obtained data provide additional clarification of the aspects that the plastoquinone pool is involved in both reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion radicals and reduction of superoxide anion radicals to H 2 O 2 . Significance of the plastoquinone pool involvement in the Mehler reaction for the acclimation of plants to light conditions is discussed. © 2017 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.

Rapid gene identification in sugar beet using deep sequencing of DNA from phenotypic pools selected from breeding panels.

PubMed

Ries, David; Holtgräwe, Daniela; Viehöver, Prisca; Weisshaar, Bernd

2016-03-15

The combination of bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and next generation sequencing (NGS), also known as mapping by sequencing (MBS), has been shown to significantly accelerate the identification of causal mutations for species with a reference genome sequence. The usual approach is to cross homozygous parents that differ for the monogenic trait to address, to perform deep sequencing of DNA from F2 plants pooled according to their phenotype, and subsequently to analyze the allele frequency distribution based on a marker table for the parents studied. The method has been successfully applied for EMS induced mutations as well as natural variation. Here, we show that pooling genetically diverse breeding lines according to a contrasting phenotype also allows high resolution mapping of the causal gene in a crop species. The test case was the monogenic locus causing red vs. green hypocotyl color in Beta vulgaris (R locus). We determined the allele frequencies of polymorphic sequences using sequence data from two diverging phenotypic pools of 180 B. vulgaris accessions each. A single interval of about 31 kbp among the nine chromosomes was identified which indeed contained the causative mutation. By applying a variation of the mapping by sequencing approach, we demonstrated that phenotype-based pooling of diverse accessions from breeding panels and subsequent direct determination of the allele frequency distribution can be successfully applied for gene identification in a crop species. Our approach made it possible to identify a small interval around the causative gene. Sequencing of parents or individual lines was not necessary. Whenever the appropriate plant material is available, the approach described saves time compared to the generation of an F2 population. In addition, we provide clues for planning similar experiments with regard to pool size and the sequencing depth required.

32 CFR 165.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Defense. Production costs for the foreign military sales program and known direct commercial sales... cost pool comprises costs described in paragraph (e), of this section. (b) Foreign military sale. A sale by the U.S. Government of defense items or defense services to a foreign government or...

33 CFR 207.60 - Federal Dam, Hudson River, Troy, N.Y.; pool level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... suspended until such time as the water level rises to or above +14.43 feet mean sea level. (b) Flashboards... the northerly gates, the zero of which is set 2 feet below mean sea level. (d) The regulations of the...

33 CFR 207.60 - Federal Dam, Hudson River, Troy, N.Y.; pool level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... suspended until such time as the water level rises to or above +14.43 feet mean sea level. (b) Flashboards... the northerly gates, the zero of which is set 2 feet below mean sea level. (d) The regulations of the...

33 CFR 207.60 - Federal Dam, Hudson River, Troy, N.Y.; pool level.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... suspended until such time as the water level rises to or above +14.43 feet mean sea level. (b) Flashboards... the northerly gates, the zero of which is set 2 feet below mean sea level. (d) The regulations of the...

16 CFR 1450.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 1450.2 Section 1450.2... GRAEME BAKER POOL AND SPA SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS § 1450.2 Definitions. (a) [Reserved] (b) Unblockable... American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ATTN: Secretary, A112 Standards Committee, Three Park...

77 FR 75065 - Rescinding Spent Fuel Pool Exclusion Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-19

... subpart A, appendix B], because * * * many of the implications of the Fukushima accident for the Pilgrim... plant (NPP), in light of significant new information revealed by the Fukushima accident.'' The petitioner states that ``significant new information yielded by the Fukushima accident shows fundamental...

17 CFR 1.17 - Minimum financial requirements for futures commission merchants and introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... date that they are accrued; (B) Interest receivable, floor brokerage receivable, commissions receivable from other brokers or dealers (other than syndicate profits), mutual fund concessions receivable and management fees receivable from registered investment companies and commodity pools: Provided, Such...

17 CFR 1.17 - Minimum financial requirements for futures commission merchants and introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... date that they are accrued; (B) Interest receivable, floor brokerage receivable, commissions receivable from other brokers or dealers (other than syndicate profits), mutual fund concessions receivable and management fees receivable from registered investment companies and commodity pools: Provided, Such...

17 CFR 1.17 - Minimum financial requirements for futures commission merchants and introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... date that they are accrued; (B) Interest receivable, floor brokerage receivable, commissions receivable from other brokers or dealers (other than syndicate profits), mutual fund concessions receivable and management fees receivable from registered investment companies and commodity pools: Provided, Such...

40 CFR 158.2201 - Antimicrobial use patterns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (10) Wood preservatives. (11) Swimming pools. (12) Aquatic areas. (b) Use site index. The Pesticide Use Site Index for Antimicrobial Pesticides is a comprehensive list of specific antimicrobial use sites. The Index associates antimicrobial use sites with one or more of the 12 antimicrobial use...

40 CFR 158.2201 - Antimicrobial use patterns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (10) Wood preservatives. (11) Swimming pools. (12) Aquatic areas. (b) Use site index. The Pesticide Use Site Index for Antimicrobial Pesticides is a comprehensive list of specific antimicrobial use sites. The Index associates antimicrobial use sites with one or more of the 12 antimicrobial use...

45 CFR 152.1 - Statutory basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... to establish a temporary high risk health insurance pool program to provide health insurance coverage for individuals described in § 152.14 of this part. (b) Scope. This part establishes standards and sets forth the requirements, limitations, and procedures for the temporary high risk health insurance...

45 CFR 152.1 - Statutory basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... to establish a temporary high risk health insurance pool program to provide health insurance coverage for individuals described in § 152.14 of this part. (b) Scope. This part establishes standards and sets forth the requirements, limitations, and procedures for the temporary high risk health insurance...

Risk Factors for Human Lice and Bartonellosis among the Homeless, San Francisco, California, USA

PubMed Central

Cole-Porse, Charsey; Kjemtrup, Anne; Osikowicz, Lynn; Kosoy, Michael

2014-01-01

Homeless persons in San Francisco, California, USA, have been shown to have head and body lice infestations and Bartonella quintana infections. We surveyed a self-selected population of homeless persons in San Francisco to assess infestations of head and body lice, risks of having body lice, and presence of B. quintana in lice. A total of 203 persons who reported itching were surveyed during 2008–2010 and 2012: 60 (30%) had body lice, 10 (4.9%) had head lice, and 6 (3.0%) had both. B. quintana was detected in 10 (15.9%) of 63 body lice pools and in 6 (37.5%) of 16 head lice pools. Variables significantly associated (p<0.05) with having body lice in this homeless population included male sex, African–American ethnicity, and sleeping outdoors. Our study findings suggest that specific segments of the homeless population would benefit from information on preventing body lice infestations and louseborne diseases. PMID:25280380

Risk factors for human lice and bartonellosis among the homeless, San Francisco, California, USA.

PubMed

Bonilla, Denise L; Cole-Porse, Charsey; Kjemtrup, Anne; Osikowicz, Lynn; Kosoy, Michael

2014-10-01

Homeless persons in San Francisco, California, USA,have been shown to have head and body lice infestations and Bartonella quintana infections. We surveyed a self selected population of homeless persons in San Francisco to assess infestations of head and body lice, risks of having body lice, and presence of B. quintana in lice. A total of 203 persons who reported itching were surveyed during 2008-2010 and 2012: 60 (30%) had body lice, 10 (4.9%)had head lice, and 6 (3.0%) had both. B. quintana was detected in 10 (15.9%) of 63 body lice pools and in 6 (37.5%)of 16 head lice pools. Variables significantly associated(p<0.05) with having body lice in this homeless population included male sex, African-American ethnicity, and sleeping outdoors. Our study findings suggest that specific segments of the homeless population would benefit from information on preventing body lice infestations and louse borne diseases.

Optimized DNA extraction methods for encysted embryos of the endangered fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis

USGS Publications Warehouse

Steele, A.N.; Simovich, M.A.; Pepino, D.; Schroeder, K.M.; Vandergast, A.G.; Bohonak, A.J.

2009-01-01

The San Diego fairy shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis is a federally endangered species endemic to vernal pools in southern California, USA. Filling events in these habitats are highly variable, with some pools failing to hold water long enough for reproduction over many successive years. Studies of this species are thus hindered by the relatively rare appearance of aquatically active life history phases. Because diapausing cysts are abundant and present at all times, they provide an underutilized opportunity for both species identification and genetic studies. However, methods for extracting DNA from cysts are technically challenging because of their structure and size. Here we present a protocol for extracting DNA from B. sandiegonensis cysts in sufficient quantities for "DNA Barcoding", microsatellite analysis and other genotyping and sequencing applications. The technique will aid in population genetic studies and species identification (since taxonomic keys only distinguish among adults), and will be applicable to other crustaceans with similar diapausing cysts. ?? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.

Protein model discrimination using mutational sensitivity derived from deep sequencing.

PubMed

Adkar, Bharat V; Tripathi, Arti; Sahoo, Anusmita; Bajaj, Kanika; Goswami, Devrishi; Chakrabarti, Purbani; Swarnkar, Mohit K; Gokhale, Rajesh S; Varadarajan, Raghavan

2012-02-08

A major bottleneck in protein structure prediction is the selection of correct models from a pool of decoys. Relative activities of ∼1,200 individual single-site mutants in a saturation library of the bacterial toxin CcdB were estimated by determining their relative populations using deep sequencing. This phenotypic information was used to define an empirical score for each residue (RankScore), which correlated with the residue depth, and identify active-site residues. Using these correlations, ∼98% of correct models of CcdB (RMSD ≤ 4Å) were identified from a large set of decoys. The model-discrimination methodology was further validated on eleven different monomeric proteins using simulated RankScore values. The methodology is also a rapid, accurate way to obtain relative activities of each mutant in a large pool and derive sequence-structure-function relationships without protein isolation or characterization. It can be applied to any system in which mutational effects can be monitored by a phenotypic readout. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Adult Learning in the Language Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Stacey Margarita

2015-01-01

This book explores connections between the fields of foreign/second language teaching and adult learning. This interdisciplinary approach serves as a framework in order to: (a) understand the teaching methods that promote the deeper, more critical sort of language learning advocated by scholars and professional organizations, (b) understand how…

Beyond the Clock--Using the Computer to Teach the Abstract Concept of Time.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drysdale, Julie

1993-01-01

Discusses several projects to help teach and reinforce the concept of time, using the books "The Very Hungry Caterpillar" (by Eric Carle) and "Charlotte's Web (by E. B. White) as well as the computer software program "Timeliner" (by Tom Snyder). (SR)

Prior Individual Training and Self-Organized Queuing during Group Emergency Escape of Mice from Water Pool

PubMed Central

Saloma, Caesar; Perez, Gay Jane; Gavile, Catherine Ann; Ick-Joson, Jacqueline Judith; Palmes-Saloma, Cynthia

2015-01-01

We study the impact of prior individual training during group emergency evacuation using mice that escape from an enclosed water pool to a dry platform via any of two possible exits. Experimenting with mice avoids serious ethical and legal issues that arise when dealing with unwitting human participants while minimizing concerns regarding the reliability of results obtained from simulated experiments using ‘actors’. First, mice were trained separately and their individual escape times measured over several trials. Mice learned quickly to swim towards an exit–they achieved their fastest escape times within the first four trials. The trained mice were then placed together in the pool and allowed to escape. No two mice were permitted in the pool beforehand and only one could pass through an exit opening at any given time. At first trial, groups of trained mice escaped seven and five times faster than their corresponding control groups of untrained mice at pool occupancy rate ρ of 11.9% and 4%, respectively. Faster evacuation happened because trained mice: (a) had better recognition of the available pool space and took shorter escape routes to an exit, (b) were less likely to form arches that blocked an exit opening, and (c) utilized the two exits efficiently without preference. Trained groups achieved continuous egress without an apparent leader-coordinator (self-organized queuing)—a collective behavior not experienced during individual training. Queuing was unobserved in untrained groups where mice were prone to wall seeking, aimless swimming and/or blind copying that produced circuitous escape routes, biased exit use and clogging. The experiments also reveal that faster and less costly group training at ρ = 4%, yielded an average individual escape time that is comparable with individualized training. However, group training in a more crowded pool (ρ = 11.9%) produced a longer average individual escape time. PMID:25693170

Effects of long-term grassland management on the carbon and nitrogen pools of different soil aggregate fractions.

PubMed

Egan, Gary; Crawley, Michael J; Fornara, Dario A

2018-02-01

Common grassland management practices include animal grazing and the repeated addition of lime and nutrient fertilizers to soils. These practices can greatly influence the size and distribution of different soil aggregate fractions, thus altering the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in grassland soils. So far, very few studies have simultaneously addressed the potential long-term effect that multiple management practices might have on soil physical aggregation. Here we specifically ask whether and how grazing, liming and nutrient fertilization might influence C and N content (%) as well as C and N pools of different soil aggregate fractions in a long-term grassland experiment established in 1991 at Silwood Park, Berkshire, UK. We found that repeated liming applications over 23years significantly decreased the C pool (i.e. gCKg -1 soil) of Large Macro Aggregate (LMA>2mm) fractions and increased C pools within three smaller soil aggregate fractions: Small Macro Aggregate (SMA, 250μm-2mm), Micro Aggregate (MiA, 53-250μm), and Silt Clay Aggregate (SCA<53μm). Soil C (and N) accrual in smaller fractions was mainly caused by positive liming effects on aggregate fraction mass rather than on changes in soil C (and N) content (%). Liming effects could be explained by increases in soil pH, as this factor was significantly positively related to greater soil C and N pools of smaller aggregate fractions. Long-term grazing and inorganic nutrient fertilization had much weaker effects on both soil aggregate-fraction mass and on soil C and N concentrations, however, our evidence is that these practices could also contribute to greater C and N pools of smaller soil fractions. Overall our study demonstrates how agricultural liming can contribute to increase C pools of small (more stable) soil fractions with potential significant benefits for the long-term C balance of human-managed grassland soils. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

West Nile virus, Anopheles flavivirus, a novel flavivirus as well as Merida-like rhabdovirus Turkey in field-collected mosquitoes from Thrace and Anatolia.

PubMed

Öncü, Ceren; Brinkmann, Annika; Günay, Filiz; Kar, Sırrı; Öter, Kerem; Sarıkaya, Yasemen; Nitsche, Andreas; Linton, Yvonne-Marie; Alten, Bülent; Ergünay, Koray

2018-01-01

Mosquitoes are involved in the transmission and maintenance of several viral diseases with significant health impact. Biosurveillance efforts have also revealed insect-specific viruses, observed to cocirculate with pathogenic strains. This report describes the findings of flavivirus and rhabdovirus screening, performed in eastern Thrace and Aegean region of Anatolia during 2016, including and expanding on locations with previously-documented virus activity. A mosquito cohort of 1545 individuals comprising 14 species were collected and screened in 108 pools via generic and specific amplification and direct metagenomics by next generation sequencing. Seven mosquito pools (6.4%) were positive in the flavivirus screening. West Nile virus lineage 1 clade 1a sequences were characterized in a pool Culex pipiens sensu lato specimens, providing the initial virus detection in Aegean region following 2010 outbreak. In an Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato pool, sequences closely-related to Anopheles flaviviruses were obtained, with similarities to several African and Australian strains of this new insect-specific flavivirus clade. In pools comprising Uranotaenia unguiculata (n=3), Cx. pipiens s.l. (n=1) and Aedes caspius (n=1) mosquitoes, sequences of a novel flavivirus, distantly-related to Flavivirus AV2011, identified previously in Spain and Turkey, were characterized. Moreover, DNA forms of the novel flavivirus were detected in two Ur. unguiculata pools. These sequences were highly-similar to the sequences amplified from viral RNA, with undisrupted reading frames, suggest the occurrence of viral DNA forms in natural conditions within mosquito hosts. Rhabdovirus screening revealed sequences of a recently-described novel virus, named the Merida-like virus Turkey (MERDLVT) in 5 Cx. pipiens s.l. pools (4.6%). Partial L and N gene sequences of MERDLVT were well-conserved among strains, with evidence for geographical clustering in phylogenetic analyses. Metagenomics provided the near-full genomic sequence in a specimen, revealing an identical genome organization and limited divergence from the prototype MERDLVT isolate. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improvement of Radiological Teaching - Effects of Focusing of Learning Targets and Increased Consideration of Learning Theory Knowledge.

PubMed

Wirth, Stefan; William, York-Alexander; Paolini, Marco; Wirth, Kathrin; Maxien, Daniel; Reiser, Maximilian; Fischer, Martin R

2018-02-01

 Based on evaluation and examination results of students, a necessity for improvement of so far purely instructor-based radiological teaching at the local institution was determined. Aim of our study was to use one out of eight seminars to exemplify adaptation of the teaching concept according to learning theory knowledge, to determine the resulting effects and to interpret them.  The institutional review board approved the prospective study of the seminar conversion, which was performed after the end of the winter semester 2015/2016. Didactically, this included a course split into online preparation, attendance phase and online follow-up with integration of interactive scaffolding, practice-oriented clinical teaching according to Stanford, Peyton skills transfer and extensive feedback into the attendance phase. At the beginning and at the end of each course, each student filled in identical, standardized questionnaires (n = 256 before and after conversion) using a 5-point Likert scale (1: very good; to 5: deficient) and additionally answered two randomly chosen written examination questions from a content-adapted questionnaire pool of the last five years. For statistical evaluation, the Mann-Whitney U-Test was used for evaluation data and Fisher's Exact test for exam questions.  Before/after conversion, the subjective total evaluation score of students was 3.22 (mean value) ± 1.51 (standard deviation) / 1.66 ± 0.78 (p < 0.001) and the objective proportion of correctly answered examination questions in the respective cohort at the beginning of the seminar 37.7/53.9 % and at the end of the seminar 55.1/84.6 % (p < 0.001).  The conversion of the test seminar resulted in both a better evaluation of the teaching unit by the students (evaluation) and a considerably higher rate of correctly answered examination questions from past state examinations (learning success). This supports transferring the concept to comparable teaching units.   · Radiological teaching allows integration of current learning theory concepts with reasonable effort.. · In a test seminar this improved the evaluation results of the teaching unit by the students.. · In addition, this also led to a higher rate of correctly answered examination questions from past state examinations.. · This supports further steps towards excellent radiological teaching.. · Wirth S, William Y, Paolini M et al. Improvement of Radiological Teaching - Effects of Focusing of Learning Targets and Increased Consideration of Learning Theory Knowledge. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2018; 190: 161 - 174. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Sarcopenia as a predictor of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Liu, Ping; Hao, Qiukui; Hai, Shan; Wang, Hui; Cao, Li; Dong, Birong

2017-09-01

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between sarcopenia and all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people. A systematic review was performed using three electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library) to identify prospective cohort studies from January 2009 to February 2017 examining sarcopenia as a predictor of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people. We conducted a pooled analysis of mortality associated with sarcopenia, and subgroup analyses based on measurements of muscle mass and length of follow-up by employing a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed evaluate the cause of high heterogeneity. In addition, methodological quality, heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. Of 1703 studies identified, 6 studies incorporating 7367 individuals were included in the meta-analysis for all-cause mortality. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause mortality from the combination of included studies suggested participants with sarcopenia had a significantly higher rate of mortality (pooled HR 1.60, 95%CI 1.24-2.06, I 2 =27.8%, p=0.216) than participants without sarcopenia. The subgroup analysis for length of follow-up suggested studies with a follow-up period of less than 5 years found a higher risk of all-cause mortality (pooled HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.21-3.60) than studies with a follow-up period of 5 years or more (pooled HR 1.52, 95%CI 1.14-2.01). A subgroup of anthropometric measures was found to identify higher mortality risks (pooled HR 2.26, 95%CI 1.30-3.92) than a subgroup of dual-energy x-ray (DXA) absorptiometry (pooled HR 1.82, 95%CI 1.04-3.18) factors or a subgroup of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) factors (pooled HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.15-1.49). Sarcopenia is a predictor of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people. Therefore, it is important to diagnose sarcopenia and to intervene, in order to reduce mortality rates in the elderly. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Regulation of PRPP and nucleoside tri and tetraphosphate pools in Escherichia coli under conditions of nitrogen starvation.

PubMed Central

Villadsen, I S; Michelsen, O

1977-01-01

The ribonucleoside triphosphate, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, 3' -diphosphate guanosine 5' -diphosphate (ppGpp), and 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) pools in Escherichia coli B were determined by thin-layer chromatography during changing conditions to ammonium starvation. The intracellular concentrations of all nucleotides were found to change in a well-defined order several minutes before andy observed change in the optical density of the culture. The levels of purine nucleoside triphosphates (adenosine 5' -triphosphate [CTP], dCTP) and uridine nucleotides (uridine 5' -triphosphate, deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate). The deoxyribonucleotides thus behaved as the ribonucleotides. The levels of ppGpp increased 11-fold after the decrease in uridine nucleotides, when the accumulation of stable ribonucleic acid (RNA) stopped. The level of the nucleotide pool did not stabilize until 30 min after the change in optical density. The pool of dGTP dropped concomitantly with the pool of CTP. The nucleotide precursor PRPP exhibited a transient increase, wtih maximum value of four times the exponential levels at the onset of starvation. Apparently the cell adjusts early to starvation by reducing either the phosphorylating activity or the nucleotide biosynthetic activity. As in other downshift systems, the accumulation of stable RNA stopped before the break in optical density and before the stop in protein accumulation. Cell divisions were quite insensitive to the control mechanisms operating on RNA and protein accumulation under ammonium starvation, since the cells continued to divide for 21 min without any net accumulation of RNA. Images PMID:323222

Rapid protein production from stable CHO cell pools using plasmid vector and the cumate gene-switch.

PubMed

Poulain, Adeline; Perret, Sylvie; Malenfant, Félix; Mullick, Alaka; Massie, Bernard; Durocher, Yves

2017-08-10

To rapidly produce large amounts of recombinant proteins, the generation of stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell pools represents a useful alternative to large-scale transient gene expression (TGE). We have developed a cell line (CHO BRI/rcTA ) allowing the inducible expression of recombinant proteins, based on the cumate gene switch. After the identification of optimal plasmid DNA topology (supercoiled vs linearized plasmid) for PEIpro™ mediated transfection and of optimal conditions for methionine sulfoximine (MSX) selection, we were able to generate CHO BRI/rcTA pools producing high levels of recombinant proteins. Volumetric productivities of up to 900mg/L were reproducibly achieved for a Fc fusion protein and up to 350mg/L for an antibody after 14days post-induction in non-optimized fed-batch cultures. In addition, we show that CHO pool volumetric productivities are not affected by a freeze-thaw cycle or following maintenance in culture for over one month in the presence of MSX. Finally, we demonstrate that volumetric protein production with the CR5 cumate-inducible promoter is three- to four-fold higher than with the human CMV or hybrid EF1α-HTLV constitutive promoters. These results suggest that the cumate-inducible CHO BRI/rcTA stable pool platform is a powerful and robust system for the rapid production of gram amounts of recombinant proteins. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An Evaluation Framework and Comparative Analysis of the Widely Used First Programming Languages

PubMed Central

Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Khan, Sher Afzal; Ahmad, Farooq; Islam, Saeed; Abid, Adnan

2014-01-01

Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at different times. Though the selection of an appropriate FPL is very important, yet it has been a controversial issue in the presence of many choices. Many efforts have been made for designing a good FPL, however, there is no ample way to evaluate and compare the existing languages so as to find the most suitable FPL. In this article, we have proposed a framework to evaluate the existing imperative, and object oriented languages for their suitability as an appropriate FPL. Furthermore, based on the proposed framework we have devised a customizable scoring function to compute a quantitative suitability score for a language, which reflects its conformance to the proposed framework. Lastly, we have also evaluated the conformance of the widely used FPLs to the proposed framework, and have also computed their suitability scores. PMID:24586449

An evaluation framework and comparative analysis of the widely used first programming languages.

PubMed

Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Khan, Sher Afzal; Ahmad, Farooq; Islam, Saeed; Abid, Adnan

2014-01-01

Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at different times. Though the selection of an appropriate FPL is very important, yet it has been a controversial issue in the presence of many choices. Many efforts have been made for designing a good FPL, however, there is no ample way to evaluate and compare the existing languages so as to find the most suitable FPL. In this article, we have proposed a framework to evaluate the existing imperative, and object oriented languages for their suitability as an appropriate FPL. Furthermore, based on the proposed framework we have devised a customizable scoring function to compute a quantitative suitability score for a language, which reflects its conformance to the proposed framework. Lastly, we have also evaluated the conformance of the widely used FPLs to the proposed framework, and have also computed their suitability scores.

Sero-prevalence for Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Juba Teaching Hospital, Republic of South Sudan.

PubMed

Kirbak, Anthony Laku Stephen; Ng'ang'a, Zipporah; Omolo, Jared; Idris, Hakim; Usman, Abdulmumini; Mbabazi, William Baguma

2017-01-01

Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide and in Africa. This would be the first ever documented study on epidemiology of Hepatitis B infections in the newly formed Republic of South Sudan. This study was designed to estimate the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women attending antenatal services in Juba. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic services in Juba Teaching Hospital, in the period between December 2012 and March 2013. Any pregnant woman, attending antenatal care services at Juba Teaching Hospital, was included if she was a resident of Juba County for at least 1 year before pregnancy. A Hepatitis B case was defined as any women participating in the study and was found to be positive for HbsAg and confirmed by ELISA. This study documented that the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women attending ANC in Juba was 11% (31 out of the 280 samples). Other samples tested were indeterminate (36%), naturally immune (27.1%), susceptible (23%) and the remaining 1.8% was immune due to vaccination. Significant risk factors for Hepatitis B infection were loss of partner (OR 4.4 and CI of 1.4-13.9) and history of Jaundice (OR 1.7 and CI of 1.2-2.1). These study findings show that only 29% of infants in Juba county are born to immune mothers (naturally or vaccine induced). The remaining 70% of babies would be at risk of infection, if a birth dose of Hepatitis B is not provided. We therefore recommended introduction of Hepatitis B Vaccine birth dose into routine infants' vaccination series to eliminate this risk.

Molecular mapping of the grain iron and zinc concentration, protein content and thousand kernel weight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PubMed Central

Krishnappa, Gopalareddy; Chaudhary, Swati; Ahlawat, Arvind Kumar; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Shukla, Ram Bihari; Jaiswal, Jai Prakash; Singh, Gyanendra Pratap; Solanki, Ishwar Singh

2017-01-01

Genomic regions responsible for accumulation of grain iron concentration (Fe), grain zinc concentration (Zn), grain protein content (PC) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were investigated in 286 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between an old Indian wheat variety WH542 and a synthetic derivative (Triticum dicoccon PI94624/Aegilops squarrosa [409]//BCN). RILs were grown in six environments and evaluated for Fe, Zn, PC, and TKW. The population showed the continuous distribution for all the four traits, that for pooled Fe and PC was near normal, whereas, for pooled Zn, RILs exhibited positively skewed distribution. A genetic map spanning 2155.3cM was constructed using microsatellite markers covering the 21 chromosomes and used for QTL analysis. 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in this study. Four QTLs (QGFe.iari-2A, QGFe.iari-5A, QGFe.iari-7A and QGFe.iari-7B) for Fe, five QTLs (QGZn.iari-2A, QGZn.iari-4A, QGZn.iari-5A, QGZn.iari-7A and QGZn.iari-7B) for Zn, two QTLs (QGpc.iari-2A and QGpc.iari-3A) for PC, and five QTLs (QTkw.iari-1A, QTkw.iari-2A, QTkw.iari-2B, QTkw.iari-5B and QTkw.iari-7A) for TKW were identified. The QTLs together explained 20.0%, 32.0%, 24.1% and 32.3% phenotypic variation, respectively, for Fe, Zn, PC and TKW. QGpc.iari-2A was consistently expressed in all the six environments, whereas, QGFe.iari-7B and QGZn.iari-2A were identified in two environments each apart from pooled mean. QTkw.iari-2A and QTkw.iari-7A, respectively, were identified in four and three environments apart from pooled mean. A common region in the interval of Xgwm359-Xwmc407 on chromosome 2A was associated with Fe, Zn, and PC. One more QTL for TKW was identified on chromosome 2A but in a different chromosomal region (Xgwm382-Xgwm359). Two more regions on 5A (Xgwm126-Xgwm595) and 7A (Xbarc49-Xwmc525) were found to be associated with both Fe and Zn. A QTL for TKW was identified (Xwmc525-Xbarc222) in a different chromosomal region on the same chromosome (7A). This reflects at least a partly common genetic basis for the four traits. It is concluded that fine mapping of the regions of the three chromosomes of A genome involved in determining the accumulation of Fe, Zn, PC, and TKW in this mapping population may be rewarding. PMID:28384292

ApoB-100 secretion by HepG2 cells is regulated by the rate of triglyceride biosynthesis but not by intracellular lipid pools.

PubMed

Benoist, F; Grand-Perret, T

1996-10-01

Triglycerides (TGs), cholesteryl esters (CEs), cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine have been independently proposed as playing regulatory roles in apoB-100 secretion; the results depended on the cellular model used. In this study, we reinvestigate the role of lipids in apoB-100 production in HepG2 cells and in particular, we clarify the respective roles of intracellular mass and the biosynthesis of lipids in the regulation of apoB-100 production. In a first set of experiments, the pool size of cholesterol, CEs, and TGs was modulated by a 3-day treatment with either lipid precursors or inhibitors of enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. We used simvastatin (a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor), 58-035 (an acyl coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor), 5-tetradecyloxy-2-furancarboxylic acid (TOFA, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis), and oleic acid. The secretion rate of apoB-100 was not affected by the large modulation of lipid mass induced by these various pre-treatments. In a second set of experiments, the same lipid modulators were added during a 4-hour labeling period. Simvastatin and 58-035 inhibited cholesterol and CE synthesis without affecting apoB-100 secretion. By contrast, treatment of HepG2 cells with TOFA resulted in the inhibition of TG synthesis and apoB-100 secretion. This effect was highly specific for apoB-100 and was reversed by adding oleic acid, which stimulated both TG synthesis and apoB-100 secretion. Moreover, a combination of oleic acid and 58-035 inhibited CE biosynthesis and increased both TG synthesis and apoB-100 secretion. These results show that in HepG2 cells TG biosynthesis regulates apoB-100 secretion, whereas the rate of cholesterol or CE biosynthesis has no effect.

A ribonucleotide Origin for Life - Fluctuation and Near-ideal Reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yarus, Michael

2013-02-01

Oligoribonucleotides are potentially capable of Darwinian evolution - they may replicate and can express an independent chemical phenotype, as embodied in modern enzymatic cofactors. Using quantitative chemical kinetics on a sporadically fed ribonucleotide pool, unreliable supplies of unstable activated ribonucleotides A and B at low concentrations recurrently yield a replicating AB polymer with a potential chemical phenotype. Self-complementary replication in the pool occurs during a minority (here ≈ 35 %) of synthetic episodes that exploit coincidental overlaps between 4, 5 or 6 spikes of arbitrarily arriving substrates. Such uniquely productive synthetic episodes, in which near-ideal reaction sequences recur at random, account for most AB oligonucleotide synthesis, and therefore underlie the emergence of net replication under realistic primordial conditions. Because overlapping substrate spikes are unexpectedly frequent, and in addition, complex spike sequences appear disproportionately, a sporadically fed pool can host unexpectedly complex syntheses. Thus, primordial substrate fluctuations are not necessarily a barrier to Darwinism, but instead can facilitate early evolution.

A ribonucleotide Origin for Life--fluctuation and near-ideal reactions.

PubMed

Yarus, Michael

2013-02-01

Oligoribonucleotides are potentially capable of Darwinian evolution - they may replicate and can express an independent chemical phenotype, as embodied in modern enzymatic cofactors. Using quantitative chemical kinetics on a sporadically fed ribonucleotide pool, unreliable supplies of unstable activated ribonucleotides A and B at low concentrations recurrently yield a replicating AB polymer with a potential chemical phenotype. Self-complementary replication in the pool occurs during a minority (here ≈ 35 %) of synthetic episodes that exploit coincidental overlaps between 4, 5 or 6 spikes of arbitrarily arriving substrates. Such uniquely productive synthetic episodes, in which near-ideal reaction sequences recur at random, account for most AB oligonucleotide synthesis, and therefore underlie the emergence of net replication under realistic primordial conditions. Because overlapping substrate spikes are unexpectedly frequent, and in addition, complex spike sequences appear disproportionately, a sporadically fed pool can host unexpectedly complex syntheses. Thus, primordial substrate fluctuations are not necessarily a barrier to Darwinism, but instead can facilitate early evolution.

Photo-triggered recognition between host and guest compounds in a giant vesicle encapsulating photo-pierceable vesicles.

PubMed

Suzuki, Kentaro; Machida, Kotaro; Yamaguchi, Kazuo; Sugawara, Tadashi

2018-01-01

Here, we used centrifugal precipitation to construct a giant vesicle (GV) encapsulating smaller giant vesicles (GV-in-GV) which comprises a photo-resistant outer GV and a photo-pierceable inner GV; the outer GV contained a fluorescent probe (SYBR Green I) in its inner water pool, and the inner GV contained double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in its inner water pool. The phospholipid membrane of the inner GV was made photo-pierceable by inclusion of ca. 15mol% of a caged phospholipid in its membrane. Immediately after exposure of the GV-in-GVs to UV irradiation, strong fluorescence was detected in the inner water pool of the outer GV, indicating that dsDNA had been released from the inner GV and had complexed with the fluorescent probe. These dynamics can be recognized as a macroscopic representation of the molecular level function of a caged compound. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Environmental enrichment in the absence of wheel running produces beneficial behavioural and anti-oxidative effects in rats.

PubMed

Mármol, F; Sánchez, J; Torres, M N; Chamizo, V D

2017-11-01

The effects of early environmental enrichment (EE) when solving a simple spatial task in adult male rats were assessed. After weaning, rats were housed in pairs in enriched or standard cages (EE and control groups) for two and a half months. Then the rats were trained in a triangular-shaped pool to find a hidden platform whose location was defined in terms of two sources of information, a landmark outside the pool and a particular corner of the pool. As expected, enriched rats reached the platform faster than control animals. Enriched rats also performed better on a subsequent test trial without the platform with the geometry cue individually presented (in the absence of the landmark). Most importantly, the beneficial effects of the present protocol were obtained in the absence of wheel running. Additionally, the antioxidative effects in the hippocampus produced by the previous protocol are also shown. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Height of Northern Jordanian middle-class adults, born 1960-1990 in the response to improving socio-economic conditions.

PubMed

Abu Dalou, Ahmad Yosuf

2016-09-01

The purpose of this study is to document and explain secular trends in stature among Northern Jordanian men and women between the years of birth 1960 and 1990, as they relate to overall per capita socio-economic improvement, the stature of 360 adults from two Northern governorates, those of Jerash and Irbid, was measured. General linear model (GLM) was used to examine the effect of birth-decade, education level of subject, and their interaction on mean stature of each sex separately. GLM results revealed that women who were born during the following three decades pooled together (1951-1980) did not differ significantly in mean stature from those born during (1981-1990). Among men, stature of those born in the two pooled birth-decades together (1951-1970) did not significantly differ of those were born in the two pooled birth-decades (1971-1990). Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Effective use of real-life events as tools for teaching-learning clinical pharmacology in a problem-based learning curriculum.

PubMed

James, Henry; Al Khaja, Khalid A; Sequeira, Reginald P

2015-01-01

This paper describes how in a problem-based learning (PBL) medical curriculum, having identified the learning outcomes, problems can be developed from real-life events for teaching-learning clinical pharmacology topics for which PBL cases might be inadequate. Such problems can be very interesting and educational. Using the story of the development and withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx(®)), we developed a problem for undergraduate medical students to address important issues related to clinical pharmacology and therapeutics such as new drug development, preclinical testing, clinical trials, adverse drug reactions, professionalism, and critical appraisal of literature. These topics would otherwise be difficult to address in patient-based problems. The evaluation of the problem based on pooled feedback from 57 tutorial groups, each comprising 8-10 students, collected over 5 years, supported the effectiveness of the problem. A systematic approach described in this paper can be used for the development and validation of educational material for introducing focal topics of pharmacology/clinical pharmacology integrated with other disciplines in innovative medical (and other health profession) curricula.

Computer-supported games and role plays in teaching water management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoekstra, A. Y.

2012-08-01

There is an increasing demand for an interdisciplinary approach in teaching water management. Computer-supported games and role plays offer the potential of creating an environment in which different disciplines come together and in which students are challenged to develop integrated understanding. Two examples are discussed. The River Basin Game is a common-pool resource game in which participants experience the risk of over-abstractions of water in a river basin and learn how this risk relates to the complexity of the system, the conflict between individual and group optimums and the difficulty in achieving good cooperation. The Globalization of Water Role Play makes participants familiar with the global dimension of water management by letting them experience how national governments can integrate considerations of water scarcity and domestic water productivities into decisions on international trade in commodities like food, cotton and bio-energy. The two examples illustrate that play sessions inspire participants to think about the functioning of systems as a whole and to develop good cooperative courses of action, whereby both uncertainties about the system and the presence of different values and perspectives among participants play a role.

Venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops erythromelas from five geographic populations within the Caatinga ecoregion of northeastern Brazil.

PubMed

Jorge, Roberta Jeane B; Monteiro, Helena S A; Gonçalves-Machado, Larissa; Guarnieri, Míriam C; Ximenes, Rafael M; Borges-Nojosa, Diva M; Luna, Karla P de O; Zingali, Russolina B; Corrêa-Netto, Carlos; Gutiérrez, José María; Sanz, Libia; Calvete, Juan J; Pla, Davinia

2015-01-30

The Caatinga lancehead, Bothrops erythromelas, is a medically relevant species, responsible for most of the snakebite accidents in most parts of its distribution range in northeastern Brazil. The spectrum and geographic variability of its venom toxins were investigated applying a venomics approach to venom pools from five geographic areas within the Caatinga ecoregion. Despite its wide habitat, populations of B. erythromelas from Ceará, Pernambuco, Juazeiro, Paraiba, and Ilha de Itaparica exhibit highly conserved venom proteomes. Mirroring their compositional conservation, the five geographic venom pools also showed qualitatively and quantitatively overlapping antivenomic profiles against antivenoms generated in Vital Brazil (BR) and Clodomiro Picado (CR) Institutes, using different venoms in the immunization mixtures. The paraspecificity exhibited by the Brazilian SAB and the Costa Rican BCL antivenoms against venom toxins from B. erythromelas indicates large immunoreactive epitope conservation across genus Bothrops during the last ~14 million years, thus offering promise for the possibility of generating a broad-spectrum bothropic antivenom. Biological Significance Accidental snakebite envenomings represent an important public health hazard in Brazil. Ninety per cent of the yearly estimated 20-30,000 snakebite accidents are caused by species of the Bothrops genus. Bothrops erythromelas, a small, moderately stocky terrestrial venomous snake, is responsible for most of the snakebite accidents in its broad distribution range in the Caatinga, a large ecoregion in northeastern Brazil. To gain a deeper insight into the spectrum of medically important toxins present in the venom of the Caatinga lancehead, we applied a venomics approach to define the proteome and geographic variability of adult B. erythromelas venoms from five geographic regions. Although intraspecific compositional variation between venoms among specimens from different geographic regions has long been appreciated by herpetologists and toxinologists as a general feature of highly adaptable and widely distributed snake species, the five B. erythromelas populations investigated exhibit highly conserved venom proteomes. The overall toxin profile of the Caatinga lancehead's venom explains the local and systemic effects observed in envenomations by B. erythromelas. The five geographic venom pools sampled also showed qualitatively and quantitatively overlapping antivenomic profiles against antivenoms generated using different bothropic venoms in the immunization mixtures. The large immunoreactive epitope conservation across genus Bothrops offers promise for the generation of a broad-spectrum bothropic antivenom. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Science Standards, Science Achievement, and Attitudes about Evolution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belin, Charlie M.; Kisida, Brian

2015-01-01

This article explores the relationships between (a) the quality of state science standards and student science achievement, (b) the public's belief in teaching evolution and the quality of state standards, and (c) the public's belief in teaching evolution and student science achievement. Using multiple measures, we find no evidence of a…

Some Psychological Aspects of Aging: Implications for Teaching and Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lersten, Kenneth C.

This paper reviews psychological literature concerned with aging, and includes brief reviews of (a) motor skill work, (b) the phenomena of "slowing," (c) social psychological findings, (d) sensation and perception, and (e) selected learning characteristics. The following teaching and learning strategies were elicited from this study: (a)…

The Teaching Experience and the Emotions It Evokes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mevarech, Zemira R.; Maskit, Ditza

2015-01-01

The purpose of the present study is twofold: (a) examine the intensity of a wide range of teachers' emotional appraisals regarding teaching profession and teachers themselves as teachers; (b) analyse the differential effects of years of experience on the teachers' emotional appraisals. Participants were 180 Israeli teachers. The teacher emotion…

Expert Golf Instructors' Student-Teacher Interaction Patterns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schempp, Paul; McCullick, Bryan; St. Pierre, Peter; Woorons, Sophie; You, JeongAe; Clark, Betsy

2004-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant instructional interaction patterns of expert golf instructors. Instructors (N = 22) were selected by the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) Teaching based on the following criteria: (a) 10 or more years of golf teaching experience, (b) LPGA certification, (c) awards received for the…

Teaching Economic Principles Interactively: A Cannibal's Dinner Party

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergstrom, Theodore C.

2009-01-01

The author describes techniques that he uses to interactively teach economics principles. He describes an experiment on market entry and gives examples of applications of classroom clickers. Clicker applications include (a) collecting data about student preferences that can be used to construct demand curves and supply curves, (b) checking…

Professional Development in Statistics, Technology, and Cognitively Demanding Tasks: Classroom Implementation and Obstacles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, Gregory D.; Khoshaim, Heba Bakr; Alsaeed, Maha; Er, S. Nihan

2012-01-01

Attending professional development programmes can support teachers in applying new strategies for teaching mathematics and statistics. This study investigated (a) the extent to which the participants in a professional development programme subsequently used the techniques they had learned when teaching mathematics and statistics and (b) the…

Developing Self-Efficacy: Exploring Preservice Coursework, Student Teaching, and Professional Development Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKim, Aaron J.; Velez, Jonathan J.

2017-01-01

To extend current understanding of school-based agriculture teacher development, this study explored the relationship between teacher development experiences and the self-efficacy of early career agriculture teachers. Three teacher development experiences were of interest: (a) preservice coursework, (b) student teaching, and (c) professional…

Teaching Social Issues in the English Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Totten, Samuel, Ed.

1986-01-01

Focusing on the rationales and materials for teaching social issues in the English classroom, this thematic issue contains the following articles: "Introduction: Reflections of Society in Literature" (M. B. Fleming); "Addressing Social and/or Controversial Issues in the English Classroom" (S. Totten); "The Growing Threat to Quality Education: How…

The Stock Market and Economic Principles: A Curriculum Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Savino, Ronald J.

This paper outlines how to teach macroeconomic principles through mock stock market investing while helping students develop economic awareness, interest, and comprehension on a more sophisticated level. The basic textbook is "The Economy Today" (B. R. Schiller). After two weeks of teaching basic economic concepts and vocabulary, such as…

Learning and Teaching Information Technology--Computer Skills in Context. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenberg, Michael B.; Johnson, Doug

This digest describes an integrated approach to teaching computer skills in K-12 schools. The introductory section discusses the importance of integrating information skills into the curriculum. "Technology Skills for Information Problem Solving: A Curriculum Based on the Big6 Skills Approach" (Michael B. Eisenberg, Doug Johnson, and…

Teaching Gymnastics and Body Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mauldon, E.; Layson, J.

This book contains fifteen chapters. Chapters concerned with specific themes or movement ideas are divided into (a) material, (b) teaching, and (c) apparatus. Chapter 1 deals with lesson planning and organization. Chapter 2 is entitled "Movement Observation" and stresses the importance for both children and teachers of trying to see and understand…

On Being Taught

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaarsma, Ada S.

2015-01-01

This essay examines the definitions of the key words of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL)--scholarship, teaching, and learning--in order to identify the hopes that animate SoTL research and examine these hopes in light of recent critical thinking about the corporatization of higher education. Arguing that Biesta's (2013b) distinction…

26 CFR 31.3121(b)(8)-1 - Services performed by a minister of a church or a member of a religious order.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., is engaged by N University to teach history and mathematics. He performs no other service for N... spiritual counsel to the university students, and teaching a class in religion. M is performing service in...

Teachers and Teaching: Current Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, J. R.

Nine chapters address current issues in teaching, focusing on: (1) "Teacher Quality and Quantity" (James B. Stedman); (2) "Progress Through the Teacher Pipeline" (Robin R. Henke, Xianglei Chen, Sonya Geis, and Paula Knepper); (3) "Raising the Achievement of Low-Performing Students: What High Schools Can Do" (Gene Bottoms); (4) "Knowledge and…

Benefits and barriers among volunteer teaching faculty: comparison between those who precept and those who do not in the core pediatrics clerkship.

PubMed

Ryan, Michael S; Vanderbilt, Allison A; Lewis, Thasia W; Madden, Molly A

2013-01-01

Background Community-based outpatient experiences are a core component of the clinical years in medical school. Central to the success of this experience is the recruitment and retention of volunteer faculty from the community. Prior studies have identified reasons why some preceptors volunteer their time however, there is a paucity of data comparing those who volunteer from those who do not. Methods A survey was developed following a review of previous studies addressing perceptions of community-based preceptors. A non-parametric, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare active preceptors (APs) and inactive preceptors (IPs) and all data were analyzed in SPSS 20.0. Results There was a 28% response rate. Preceptors showed similar demographic characteristics, valued intrinsic over extrinsic benefits, and appreciated Continuing Medical Education (CME)/Maintenance of Certification (MOC) opportunities as the highest extrinsic reward. APs were more likely to also precept at the M1/M2 level and value recognition and faculty development opportunities (p<0.05). IPs denoted time as the most significant barrier and, in comparison to APs, rated financial compensation as more important (p<0.05). Conclusions Community preceptors are motivated by intrinsic benefits of teaching. Efforts to recruit should initially focus on promoting awareness of teaching opportunities and offering CME/MOC opportunities. Increasing the pool of preceptors may require financial compensation.

Benefits and barriers among volunteer teaching faculty: comparison between those who precept and those who do not in the core pediatrics clerkship.

PubMed

Ryan, Michael S; Vanderbilt, Allison A; Lewis, Thasia W; Madden, Molly A

2013-05-03

Community-based outpatient experiences are a core component of the clinical years in medical school. Central to the success of this experience is the recruitment and retention of volunteer faculty from the community. Prior studies have identified reasons why some preceptors volunteer their time however, there is a paucity of data comparing those who volunteer from those who do not. A survey was developed following a review of previous studies addressing perceptions of community-based preceptors. A non-parametric, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare active preceptors (APs) and inactive preceptors (IPs) and all data were analyzed in SPSS 20.0. There was a 28% response rate. Preceptors showed similar demographic characteristics, valued intrinsic over extrinsic benefits, and appreciated Continuing Medical Education (CME)/Maintenance of Certification (MOC) opportunities as the highest extrinsic reward. APs were more likely to also precept at the M1/M2 level and value recognition and faculty development opportunities (p<0.05). IPs denoted time as the most significant barrier and, in comparison to APs, rated financial compensation as more important (p<0.05). Community preceptors are motivated by intrinsic benefits of teaching. Efforts to recruit should initially focus on promoting awareness of teaching opportunities and offering CME/MOC opportunities. Increasing the pool of preceptors may require financial compensation.

A Novel Teaching Tool Combined With Active-Learning to Teach Antimicrobial Spectrum Activity.

PubMed

MacDougall, Conan

2017-03-25

Objective. To design instructional methods that would promote long-term retention of knowledge of antimicrobial pharmacology, particularly the spectrum of activity for antimicrobial agents, in pharmacy students. Design. An active-learning approach was used to teach selected sessions in a required antimicrobial pharmacology course. Students were expected to review key concepts from the course reader prior to the in-class sessions. During class, brief concept reviews were followed by active-learning exercises, including a novel schematic method for learning antimicrobial spectrum of activity ("flower diagrams"). Assessment. At the beginning of the next quarter (approximately 10 weeks after the in-class sessions), 360 students (three yearly cohorts) completed a low-stakes multiple-choice examination on the concepts in antimicrobial spectrum of activity. When data for students was pooled across years, the mean number of correct items was 75.3% for the items that tested content delivered with the active-learning method vs 70.4% for items that tested content delivered via traditional lecture (mean difference 4.9%). Instructor ratings on student evaluations of the active-learning approach were high (mean scores 4.5-4.8 on a 5-point scale) and student comments were positive about the active-learning approach and flower diagrams. Conclusion. An active-learning approach led to modestly higher scores in a test of long-term retention of pharmacology knowledge and was well-received by students.

A Novel Teaching Tool Combined With Active-Learning to Teach Antimicrobial Spectrum Activity

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Objective. To design instructional methods that would promote long-term retention of knowledge of antimicrobial pharmacology, particularly the spectrum of activity for antimicrobial agents, in pharmacy students. Design. An active-learning approach was used to teach selected sessions in a required antimicrobial pharmacology course. Students were expected to review key concepts from the course reader prior to the in-class sessions. During class, brief concept reviews were followed by active-learning exercises, including a novel schematic method for learning antimicrobial spectrum of activity (“flower diagrams”). Assessment. At the beginning of the next quarter (approximately 10 weeks after the in-class sessions), 360 students (three yearly cohorts) completed a low-stakes multiple-choice examination on the concepts in antimicrobial spectrum of activity. When data for students was pooled across years, the mean number of correct items was 75.3% for the items that tested content delivered with the active-learning method vs 70.4% for items that tested content delivered via traditional lecture (mean difference 4.9%). Instructor ratings on student evaluations of the active-learning approach were high (mean scores 4.5-4.8 on a 5-point scale) and student comments were positive about the active-learning approach and flower diagrams. Conclusion. An active-learning approach led to modestly higher scores in a test of long-term retention of pharmacology knowledge and was well-received by students. PMID:28381885

17 CFR 1.17 - Minimum financial requirements for futures commission merchants and introducing brokers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... months from the date that they are accrued; (B) Interest receivable, floor brokerage receivable, commissions receivable from other brokers or dealers (other than syndicate profits), mutual fund concessions receivable and management fees receivable from registered investment companies and commodity pools: Provided...

47 CFR 90.243 - Mobile relay stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND... Service. (b) Special provisions for mobile relay operations: (1) In the Public Safety Pool, systems operating on any of the public safety frequencies listed in § 90.20(c) are permitted to be cross-banded for...

Tissue distribution, metabolism, and residue depletion study in Atlantic salmon following oral administration of [3H]emamectin benzoate.

PubMed

Kim-Kang, Heasook; Bova, Alice; Crouch, Louis S; Wislocki, Peter G; Robinson, Robert A; Wu, Jinn

2004-04-07

Atlantic salmon (approximately 1.3 kg) maintained in tanks of seawater at 5 +/- 1 degrees C were dosed with [3H]emamectin B1 benzoate in feed at a nominal rate of 50 microg of emamectin benzoate/kg/day for 7 consecutive days. Tissues, blood, and bile were collected from 10 fish each at 3 and 12 h and at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post final dose. Feces were collected daily from the tanks beginning just prior to dosing to 90 days post final dose. The total radioactive residues (TRR) of the daily feces samples during dosing were 0.25 ppm maximal, and >97% of the TRR in pooled feces covering the dosing period was emamectin B1a. Feces TRR then rapidly declined to approximately 0.05 ppm by 1 day post final dose. The ranges of mean TRR for tissues over the 90 days post dose period were as follows: kidney, 1.4-3 ppm; liver, 1.0-2.3 ppm; skin, 0.04-0.09 ppm; muscle, 0.02-0.06 ppm; and bone, <0.01 ppm. The residue components of liver, kidney, muscle, and skin samples pooled by post dose interval were emamectin B1a (81-100% TRR) and desmethylemamectin B1a (0-17% TRR) with N-formylemamectin B1a seen in trace amounts (<2%) in some muscle samples. The marker residue selected for regulatory surveillance of emamectin residues was emamectin B1a. The emamectin B1a level was quantified in individual samples of skin and muscle using HPLC-fluorometry and was below 85 ppb in all samples analyzed (3 h to 30 days post dose).

Effect of water temperature on diuresis-natriuresis: AVP, ANP, and urodilatin during immersion in men

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nakamitsu, S.; Sagawa, S.; Miki, K.; Wada, F.; Nagaya, K.; Keil, L. C.; Drummer, C.; Gerzer, R.; Greenleaf, J. E.; Hong, S. K.

1994-01-01

Effects of water temperature on diuresis, natriuresis, and associated endocrine responses during head-out immersion were studied in eight men during four 5-h experimental conditions: air control at 28 C and immersion at 34.5 C (thermoneutral (Tnt)), 36 C (above Tnt (aTnt)), and 32 C (below Tnt (bTnt). Esophageal temperature decreased by approximately 0.4 C in bTnt and increased by approximately 0.5 C in aTnt. Cardiac output increased by approximately 80% in aTnt and approximately 40% in bTnt while thoracic impedance, an index of central blood pooling, decreased by 7.5 ohms in bTnt (NS vs. Tnt) and 8.8 ohms in aTnt. Total peripheral resistance decreased at all temperatures (50% in aTnt, 20% in bTnt). Urine flow and Na(+) excretion increased by sixfold in bTnt and Tnt but by only threefold in aTnt. Creatinine clearance was unchanged while osmolal clearance (but not free water clearance) increased two-fold with all immersions. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), urinary urodilatin, and urinary guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate increased while plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) decreased similarly at all temperatures. bTnt did not potentiate diuresis by selective attenuation of AVP. The overall natriuretic response exhibited a higher correlation with urodilatin than with ANP. Because diuresis and natriuresis were significantly attenuated in aTnt where central blood pooling was greater, we conclude that mechanisms other than the atrial stretch receptor reflex, i.e., urodilatin and effective arterial blood volume, may play more predominant roles in the mechanism of immersion-induced diuresis and natriuresis.

B-Cell Activation and Tolerance Mediated by B-Cell Receptor, Toll-Like Receptor and Survival Signal Crosstalk in SLE Pathogenesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

reduction in the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in STING2/2 lpr/lpr secondary lymphoid organs. Apoptotic debris induces the production of IDO...DNA complex is the exclusive malaria parasite component that activates dendritic cells and triggers innate immune responses. J. Immunol. 184: 4338–4348... cells remain relatively unchanged. Nevertheless, nearly all peripheral lymphoid pools exhibit altered dynamics, shifts in functional subset representation

Preservice teachers' use of lesson study in teaching nature of science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McDowell, Amy Virginia

The purpose of this study was to explore preservice teachers' lived experiences in a lesson study focused on teaching and learning nature of science (NOS). The body of knowledge about shifting pre- and in-service novice NOS understandings is substantial. The focus of science education research is now exploring ways to move these informed NOS understandings into classroom practice (Abd-El-Khalick & Lederman, 2000b). The research questions guiding the study were (a) how do preservice teachers' understandings of NOS shift as a result of the lesson study experience?, and (b) how does the reflective practice that occurs in lesson study influence preservice teachers' transition of NOS tenets into classroom practice? The participants in this study represented a sample of graduate preservice teachers, who were part of a middle and secondary science teaching alternative certification program in a southeastern university. In the first summer semester of this certification program, the participants were immersed in reform based science instruction; a section of which included NOS teachings (INTASC, 2002). In the following semester, participants were placed in a practicum setting; where the exploration of the preservice teachers' teaching of NOS was supported through the modified lesson study framework. Data sources included the Views on Nature of Science-Form B (VNOS-b), interviews, and lesson study portfolios. Analysis of NOS understandings was guided by instruments found in literature associated with the VNOS-b (Lederman et al., 2002) and reflection (Ward & McCotter, 2004). Results showed successful transfer of NOS into classroom practice using the modified lesson study framework, with less success in the deepening of participants' NOS understandings. Of particular significance was that results indicated a deepening of NOS pedagogical content knowledge for those participants functioning at higher levels of reflection. The study's results contributes to two knowledge bases. First it provides insight to how lesson study can be used in the United States in alterative teacher preparation programs. Second, it contributes to what is understood about how to support the transition of NOS understandings into classroom practice.

Practice and Educational Gaps in Cosmetic Dermatologic Surgery.

PubMed

Waldman, Abigail; Sobanko, Joseph F; Alam, Murad

2016-07-01

This article identifies gaps in the practice of cosmetic dermatology and cosmetics education, and how to overcome these limitations. There is a rapid development of new devices and procedures, with limited data, patient-reported outcomes, and comparative effectiveness research from which to develop best cosmetic practice. There is a need for increased research and funding dedicated to these goals, improved and convenient training for staff to adopt new devices/procedures, and continuous evolution of databases to pool outcome data and develop outcome sets. Resident education can be improved by dedicated resident cosmetic clinics, didactic teaching from visiting professors, attendance of cosmetic dermatology courses and meetings, and encouraging postresidency training. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Paralysis recovery in humans and model systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Edgerton, V. Reggie; Roy, Roland R.

2002-01-01

Considerable evidence now demonstrates that extensive functional and anatomical reorganization following spinal cord injury occurs in centers of the brain that have some input into spinal motor pools. This is very encouraging, given the accumulating evidence that new connections formed across spinal lesions may not be initially functionally useful. The second area of advancement in the field of paralysis recovery is in the development of effective interventions to counter axonal growth inhibition. A third area of significant progress is the development of robotic devices to quantify the performance level of motor tasks following spinal cord injury and to 'teach' the spinal cord to step and stand. Advances are being made with robotic devices for mice, rats and humans.

Cascaded K-means convolutional feature learner and its application to face recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Daoxiang; Yang, Dan; Zhang, Xiaohong; Huang, Sheng; Feng, Shu

2017-09-01

Currently, considerable efforts have been devoted to devise image representation. However, handcrafted methods need strong domain knowledge and show low generalization ability, and conventional feature learning methods require enormous training data and rich parameters tuning experience. A lightened feature learner is presented to solve these problems with application to face recognition, which shares similar topology architecture as a convolutional neural network. Our model is divided into three components: cascaded convolution filters bank learning layer, nonlinear processing layer, and feature pooling layer. Specifically, in the filters learning layer, we use K-means to learn convolution filters. Features are extracted via convoluting images with the learned filters. Afterward, in the nonlinear processing layer, hyperbolic tangent is employed to capture the nonlinear feature. In the feature pooling layer, to remove the redundancy information and incorporate the spatial layout, we exploit multilevel spatial pyramid second-order pooling technique to pool the features in subregions and concatenate them together as the final representation. Extensive experiments on four representative datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our model to various variations, yielding competitive recognition results on extended Yale B and FERET. In addition, our method achieves the best identification performance on AR and labeled faces in the wild datasets among the comparative methods.

Blanketing effect of expansion foam on liquefied natural gas (LNG) spillage pool.

PubMed

Zhang, Bin; Liu, Yi; Olewski, Tomasz; Vechot, Luc; Mannan, M Sam

2014-09-15

With increasing consumption of natural gas, the safety of liquefied natural gas (LNG) utilization has become an issue that requires a comprehensive study on the risk of LNG spillage in facilities with mitigation measures. The immediate hazard associated with an LNG spill is the vapor hazard, i.e., a flammable vapor cloud at the ground level, due to rapid vaporization and dense gas behavior. It was believed that high expansion foam mitigated LNG vapor hazard through warming effect (raising vapor buoyancy), but the boil-off effect increased vaporization rate due to the heat from water drainage of foam. This work reveals the existence of blocking effect (blocking convection and radiation to the pool) to reduce vaporization rate. The blanketing effect on source term (vaporization rate) is a combination of boil-off and blocking effect, which was quantitatively studied through seven tests conducted in a wind tunnel with liquid nitrogen. Since the blocking effect reduces more heat to the pool than the boil-off effect adds, the blanketing effect contributes to the net reduction of heat convection and radiation to the pool by 70%. Water drainage rate of high expansion foam is essential to determine the effectiveness of blanketing effect, since water provides the boil-off effect. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A quantitative model and the experimental evaluation of the liquid fuel layer for the downward flame spread of XPS foam.

PubMed

Luo, Shengfeng; Xie, Qiyuan; Tang, Xinyi; Qiu, Rong; Yang, Yun

2017-05-05

The objective of this work is to investigate the distinctive mechanisms of downward flame spread for XPS foam. It was physically considered as a moving down of narrow pool fire instead of downward surface flame spread for normal solids. A method was developed to quantitatively analyze the accumulated liquid fuel based on the experimental measurement of locations of flame tips and burning rates. The results surprisingly showed that about 80% of the generated hot liquid fuel remained in the pool fire during a certain period. Most of the consumed solid XPS foam didn't really burn away but transformed as the liquid fuel in the downward moving pool fire, which might be an important promotion for the fast fire development. The results also indicated that the dripping propensity of the hot liquid fuel depends on the total amount of the hot liquid accumulated in the pool fire. The leading point of the flame front curve might be the breach of the accumulated hot liquid fuel if it is enough for dripping. Finally, it is suggested that horizontal noncombustible barriers for preventing the accumulation and dripping of liquid fuel are helpful for vertical confining of XPS fire. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CD73 expression identifies a subset of IgM+ antigen-experienced cells with memory attributes that is T cell and CD40 signalling dependent.

PubMed

D'Souza, Lucas; Gupta, Sneh Lata; Bal, Vineeta; Rath, Satyajit; George, Anna

2017-12-01

B-cell memory was long characterized as isotype-switched, somatically mutated and germinal centre (GC)-derived. However, it is now clear that the memory pool is a complex mixture that includes unswitched and unmutated cells. Further, expression of CD73, CD80 and CD273 has allowed the categorization of B-cell memory into multiple subsets, with combinatorial expression of the markers increasing with GC progression, isotype-switching and acquisition of somatic mutations. We have extended these findings to determine whether these markers can be used to identify IgM memory phenotypically as arising from T-dependent versus T-independent responses. We report that CD73 expression identifies a subset of antigen-experienced IgM + cells that share attributes of functional B-cell memory. This subset is reduced in the spleens of T-cell-deficient and CD40-deficient mice and in mixed marrow chimeras made with mutant and wild-type marrow, the proportion of CD73 + IgM memory is restored in the T-cell-deficient donor compartment but not in the CD40-deficient donor compartment, indicating that CD40 ligation is involved in its generation. We also report that CD40 signalling supports optimal expression of CD73 on splenic T cells and age-associated B cells (ABCs), but not on other immune cells such as neutrophils, marginal zone B cells, peritoneal cavity B-1 B cells and regulatory T and B cells. Our data indicate that in addition to promoting GC-associated memory generation during B-cell differentiation, CD40-signalling can influence the composition of the unswitched memory B-cell pool. They also raise the possibility that a fraction of ABCs may represent T-cell-dependent IgM memory. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure.

PubMed

Marlewski, M; Smolenski, R T; Szolkiewicz, M; Aleksandrowicz, Z; Rutkowski, B; Swierczynski, J

2000-11-01

Elevated purine nucleotide pool (mainly ATP) in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is a known phenomenon, however the mechanism responsible for this abnormality is far from being clear. We hypothesize that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool is responsible for the elevated level of ATP in uremic erythrocytes. In chronically uremic patients we evaluated using HPLC technique: (a) plasma adenine concentration; (b) the rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in uremic erythrocytes. Additionally, the effect of higher than physiological phosphate concentration (2.4 mM) and lower than physiological pH (7.1) on adenine incorporation into erythrocytes adenine nucleotide pool was investigated. Healthy volunteers with normal renal function served as control. The concentration of adenine in plasma of CRF patients was found to be significantly higher than in plasma of healthy subjects. In contrast, adenosine concentration was similar both in healthy humans and in CRF patients. In isolated erythrocytes of uremic patients (incubated in the medium pH 7.4, containing 1.2 mM inorganic phosphate) adenine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate approximately 2-fold higher than in erythrocytes from healthy subjects. The rate of adenosine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool was similar in erythrocytes of both studied groups. Incubation of erythrocytes obtained from healthy subjects in the medium pH 7.4, containing 2.4 mM inorganic phosphate, caused the increase of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool by about 60%. Incubation of the cells in the pH 7.1 buffer containing 2. 4 mM inorganic phosphate increased the rate of adenine incorporation into adenylate approximately 2-fold as compared to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 mM inorganic phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from uremic patients and incubated in the pH 7.1 medium containing 2.4 mM phosphate incorporated adenine into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate similar to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 mM phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from either healthy subjects or from patients with CRF and incubated in the presence of higher than physiological concentration of inorganic phosphate (2.4 mM) and lower than physiological pH (7. 1) did not exhibit any increase in the rate of adenisine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool. These results suggest that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool could be partially responsible for the increased concentration of ATP in uremic erythrocytes. Copyright 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

Prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a Chinese teaching hospital: coexistence of rmtB and armA genes in the same isolate.

PubMed

Yu, Fangyou; Wang, Liangxing; Pan, Jingye; Yao, Dan; Chen, Chan; Zhu, Tao; Lou, Qiang; Hu, Jian; Wu, Yang; Zhang, Xueqing; Chen, Zengqiang; Qu, Di

2009-05-01

16S rRNA methylase-mediated high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been reported recently in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from several countries. Twenty-one (6.2%, 21/337) of 337 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from a teaching hospital in Wenzhou, China, were positive for 16S rRNA methylase genes (3 for armA, 13 for rmtB, 5 for both armA and rmtB) and highly resistant to gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin (MICs, > or =256 microg/mL). Nineteen of 21 isolates harboring 16S rRNA methyalse genes were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The plasmids harboring 16S rRNA methylase genes from 14 of 21 donors were transferred into the recipients, Escherichia coli J53. The armA and the rmtB usually coexisted with ESBL genes in the same isolate in clinical isolates and cotransferred with ESBL genes on a self-transmissible conjugative plasmid to the recipients. Among 5 isolates harboring both armA and rmtB, the armA genes were located on the chromosomes, and the rmtB genes were located on the plasmids, as determined by Southern hybridization. The result of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that horizontal gene transfer and clonal spread were responsible for the dissemination of the rmtB and the armA genes. 16S rRNA methylase-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were commonly identified in the Chinese teaching hospital with coexistence of rmtB and armA genes in the same isolate.

48 CFR 945.607-2 - Recovering precious metals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Recovering precious metals. (b) Contractors generating contractor inventory containing precious metals shall... silver should be reported to the precious metals pool. The Oak Ridge Operations Office is responsible for... Martin Marietta Energy Systems, M.S. 8207, P.O. Box 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831. [54 FR 27648, June 30...

A Phaseolus vulgaris diversity panel for Andean bean improvement

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of the Andean gene pool, including red mottled, kidney, cranberry, and yellow seed types are important in Africa and in the Americas. Andean dry bean breeding gains have lagged behind those of Mesoamerican beans. These differences may be due to a narrower genetic b...

Gene Flow Among Different Teosinte Taxa and Into the Domesticated Maize Gene Pool

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) was domesticated from one wild species ancestor, the Balsas teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) about 9000 years ago. Higher levels of gene diversity are found in teosinte taxa compared to maize following domestication and selection bottlenecks. Diversity in maize can b...

17 CFR 50.25 - Clearing requirement compliance schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... major security-based swap participant; or an active fund. Category 2Entity means a commodity pool; a... beneficial owner to clear swaps. (b) Upon issuing a clearing requirement determination under section 2(h)(2... Entity, or any other entity that desires to clear the transaction, must comply with the requirements of...

47 CFR 90.238 - Telemetry operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MHz band (as available in the Public Safety Pool for bio-medical telemetry operations). (i) For... with § 90.257 and subject to the rules governing the use of that band). (b) 154.45625, 154.46375, 154...-470 MHz band, telemetry operations will be authorized on a secondary basis with a transmitter output...

9 CFR 113.332 - Tenosynovitis Vaccine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... lymphoid leukosis virus; and 5 or more with subgroup B lymphoid leukosis virus. Each group of control... separately, but serums within each control group may be pooled. A valid test shall have positive COFAL reactions from each virus inoculated group and negative reactions from the uninoculated controls. If any of...

9 CFR 113.332 - Tenosynovitis Vaccine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... lymphoid leukosis virus; and 5 or more with subgroup B lymphoid leukosis virus. Each group of control... separately, but serums within each control group may be pooled. A valid test shall have positive COFAL reactions from each virus inoculated group and negative reactions from the uninoculated controls. If any of...

9 CFR 113.332 - Tenosynovitis Vaccine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... lymphoid leukosis virus; and 5 or more with subgroup B lymphoid leukosis virus. Each group of control... separately, but serums within each control group may be pooled. A valid test shall have positive COFAL reactions from each virus inoculated group and negative reactions from the uninoculated controls. If any of...

9 CFR 113.332 - Tenosynovitis Vaccine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... lymphoid leukosis virus; and 5 or more with subgroup B lymphoid leukosis virus. Each group of control... separately, but serums within each control group may be pooled. A valid test shall have positive COFAL reactions from each virus inoculated group and negative reactions from the uninoculated controls. If any of...

9 CFR 113.332 - Tenosynovitis Vaccine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... lymphoid leukosis virus; and 5 or more with subgroup B lymphoid leukosis virus. Each group of control... separately, but serums within each control group may be pooled. A valid test shall have positive COFAL reactions from each virus inoculated group and negative reactions from the uninoculated controls. If any of...

Genotoxicity of Swimming Pool Water and Carcinogenicity of Drinking Water

EPA Science Inventory

Among the 11 disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water that are regulated by the U.S. EPA, (a) 2 DBPs (chloroaceticacid and chlorite) are not carcinogenic-in either of2 species; (b) chlorite is not carcinogenic in 3 rodent assays and has never been tested for genotoxicity...

Genotoxicity of Swimming Pool Water and Carcinogenicity of Drinking Water**

EPA Science Inventory

Among the 11 disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water that are regulated by the U.S. EPA, (a) 2 DBPs (chloroaceticacid and chlorite) are not carcinogenic-in either of2 species; (b) chlorite is not carcinogenic in 3 rodent assays and has never been tested for genotoxicity...

45 CFR 152.39 - Maintenance of effort.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-EXISTING CONDITION INSURANCE PLAN PROGRAM Relationship to Existing Laws and Programs § 152.39 Maintenance... the contract is entered. (b) Failure to maintain efforts. In situations where a State enters into a..., against any State that fails to maintain funding levels for existing State high risk pools as required...

47 CFR 90.243 - Mobile relay stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Service. (b) Special provisions for mobile relay operations: (1) In the Public Safety Pool, systems... authorized to operate on any frequency available for assignment to base stations. (5) A mobile station associated with mobile relay station(s) may not be authorized to operate on a frequency below 25 MHz. (c...

16 CFR 1207.10 - Handling, storage, and marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Handling, storage, and marking. 1207.10... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR SWIMMING POOL SLIDES § 1207.10 Handling, storage, and marking. (a) Marking... identification of the manufacturer. (b) Shipping, handling, and storage. The slide shall be designed, constructed...

16 CFR 1207.10 - Handling, storage, and marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Handling, storage, and marking. 1207.10... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR SWIMMING POOL SLIDES § 1207.10 Handling, storage, and marking. (a) Marking... identification of the manufacturer. (b) Shipping, handling, and storage. The slide shall be designed, constructed...

16 CFR 1207.10 - Handling, storage, and marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Handling, storage, and marking. 1207.10... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR SWIMMING POOL SLIDES § 1207.10 Handling, storage, and marking. (a) Marking... identification of the manufacturer. (b) Shipping, handling, and storage. The slide shall be designed, constructed...

16 CFR 1207.10 - Handling, storage, and marking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Handling, storage, and marking. 1207.10... REGULATIONS SAFETY STANDARD FOR SWIMMING POOL SLIDES § 1207.10 Handling, storage, and marking. (a) Marking... identification of the manufacturer. (b) Shipping, handling, and storage. The slide shall be designed, constructed...

75 FR 3593 - Concept Release on Equity Market Structure

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-21

..., market data linkages, and undisplayed, or ``dark,'' liquidity. The Commission intends to use the public's... Centers 1. Registered Exchanges 2. ECNs 3. Dark Pools 4. Broker-Dealer Internalization B. Linkages 1... Handling Rules Release''). \\3\\ See, e.g., In the Matter of National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc...

46 CFR 401.320 - Requirements and qualifications for authorization to establish pools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the area concerned. (b) The stock, equity, or other financial interests coupled with voting rights or.... (c) The voluntary association establishes that it possesses the ability, experience, financial... Commandant; (3) It will adopt and use the Uniform System of Accounts, part 403 of this chapter, and such...

Vaccinations and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

PubMed

Morgan, Eileen; Halliday, Sophia R; Campbell, Gemma R; Cardwell, Chris R; Patterson, Chris C

2016-02-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between routine vaccinations and the risk of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus by systematically reviewing the published literature and performing meta-analyses where possible. A comprehensive literature search was performed of MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify all studies that compared vaccination rates in children who subsequently developed type 1 diabetes mellitus and in control children. ORs and 95% CIs were obtained from published reports or derived from individual patient data and then combined using a random effects meta-analysis. In total, 23 studies investigating 16 vaccinations met the inclusion criteria. Eleven of these contributed to meta-analyses which included data from between 359 and 11,828 childhood diabetes cases. Overall, there was no evidence to suggest an association between any of the childhood vaccinations investigated and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The pooled ORs ranged from 0.58 (95% CI 0.24, 1.40) for the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in five studies up to 1.04 (95% CI 0.94, 1.14) for the haemophilus influenza B (HiB) vaccination in 11 studies. Significant heterogeneity was present in most of the pooled analyses, but was markedly reduced when analyses were restricted to study reports with high methodology quality scores. Neither this restriction by quality nor the original authors' adjustments for potential confounding made a substantial difference to the pooled ORs. This study provides no evidence of an association between routine vaccinations and childhood type 1 diabetes.

Cryptic Hepatitis B and E in Patients With Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology.

PubMed

Ganova-Raeva, Lilia; Punkova, Lili; Campo, David S; Dimitrova, Zoya; Skums, Pavel; Vu, Nga H; Dat, Do T; Dalton, Harry R; Khudyakov, Yury

2015-12-15

Up to 30% of acute viral hepatitis has no known etiology. To determine the disease etiology in patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (HUE), serum specimens were obtained from 38 patients residing in the United Kingdom and Vietnam and from 26 healthy US blood donors. All specimens tested negative for known viral infections causing hepatitis, using commercially available serological and nucleic acid assays. Specimens were processed by sequence-independent complementary DNA amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Sufficient material for individual NGS libraries was obtained from 12 HUE cases and 26 blood donors; the remaining HUE cases were sequenced as a pool. Read mapping was done by targeted and de novo assembly. Sequences from hepatitis B virus (HBV) were detected in 7 individuals with HUE (58.3%) and the pooled library, and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected in 2 individuals with HUE (16.7%) and the pooled library. Both HEV-positive cases were coinfected with HBV. HBV sequences belonged to genotypes A, D, or G, and HEV sequences belonged to genotype 3. No known hepatotropic viruses were detected in the tested normal human sera. NGS-based detection of HBV and HEV infections is more sensitive than using commercially available assays. HBV and HEV may be cryptically associated with HUE. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

34 CFR 669.3 - What activities may the Secretary fund?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... methods for teaching foreign languages, including the use of advanced educational technology; (b) The... performance testing that is appropriate for use in an educational setting to be used as a standard and..., and the use of new technologies; (e) A significant focus on the teaching and learning needs of the...

Two Key Strategies for Teaching Prevention: Specialized Course and Infusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conyne, Robert K.; Newmeyer, Mark D.; Kenny, Maureen; Romano, John L.; Matthews, Constance R.

2008-01-01

Prevention is taught only rarely in counseling and counseling psychology curricula. Failure to teach it suggests that graduates may be less likely to conduct prevention. In this article, we describe two key strategies for addressing this problem, where prevention is being taught through (a) required courses, and (b) infusion within existing…

The Effects of Cognitive Conflict Management on Cognitive Development and Science Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Budiman, Zainol Badli; Halim, Lilia; Mohd Meerah, Subahan; Osman, Kamisah

2014-01-01

Three teaching methods were compared in this study, namely a Cognitive Conflict Management Module (CCM) that is infused into Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE), (Module A) CASE without CCM (Module B) and a conventional teaching method. This study employed a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent…

Pre-Service Teachers' Motivations toward Teaching Profession and Their Opinions about the Pedagogic Formation Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seker, Hasan; Deniz, Sabahattin; Görgen, Izzet

2015-01-01

The present study aimed to investigate pre-service teachers' motivations toward teaching profession and their opinions about pedagogical formation program. In this study descriptive and correlational research methods were used. It was carried out with (a) graduate students doing a master's program without thesis, (b) undergraduate students…

Instructors' Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Teaching Undergraduate Physical Education Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Filho, Paulo Jose Barbosa Gutierres; Monteiro, Maria Dolores Alves Ferreira; da Silva, Rudney; Hodge, Samuel R.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze adapted physical education instructors' views about the application of the theory of planned behavior (TpB) in teaching physical education undergraduate courses. Participants ("n" = 17) were instructors of adapted physical activity courses from twelve randomly selected institutions of higher…

Educating for Social Justice: Drawing from Catholic Social Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valadez, James R.; Mirci, Philip S.

2015-01-01

This article uses a duoethnographic process to develop a model for socially just education based on social justice theory and Catholic social teaching. Three major issues are addressed, including: (a) the definition of socially just education, (b) explaining a vision for establishing socially just schools, and (c) providing a practical guide for…

Functional Seating for School-Age Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Evidence-Based Tutorial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Costigan, F. Aileen; Light, Janice

2011-01-01

Purpose: This tutorial is designed to teach speech-language pathologists (SLPs) best practices to support functional seating of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the classroom and in school-based therapy sessions. This tutorial teaches SLPs to (a) recognize the positive effects of seating intervention, (b) identify the characteristics of…

Education and Social Policy: Report on a Doctoral Training Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browning, Jane; Cohen, David

This report seeks to (a) explain the origins and development of a research and teaching program in social policy analysis; (b) give a broad view of curricular problems in teaching social policy analysis; (c) explore changing academic priorities, away from the traditional concerns of teacher training, curricular development, and disciplinary…

Comparing Chinese International and American-born Graduate Students' Beliefs about Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Fangxia

2009-01-01

This study examined the educational beliefs about teaching and learning of Chinese international and American-born graduate students in the disciplines of pure and applied sciences and mathematics at Auburn University by comparing their similarities and differences. The study reported (a) participants' demographic characteristics, (b) the dominant…