Sample records for tebuconazole pesticide tolerances

  1. Phytoremediation of imazalil and tebuconazole by four emergent wetland plant species in hydroponic medium.

    PubMed

    Lv, Tao; Zhang, Yang; Casas, Mònica E; Carvalho, Pedro N; Arias, Carlos A; Bester, Kai; Brix, Hans

    2016-04-01

    Pollution from pesticide residues in aquatic environments is of increasing concern. Imazalil and tebuconazole, two commonly used systemic pesticides, are water contaminants that can be removed by constructed wetlands. However, the phytoremediation capability of emergent wetland plants for imazalil and tebuconazole, especially the removal mechanisms involved, is poorly understood. This study compared the removal of both pesticides by four commonly used wetland plants, Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Iris pseudacorus and Juncus effusus, and aimed to understand the removal mechanisms involved. The plants were individually exposed to an initial concentration of 10 mg/L in hydroponic solution. At the end of the 24-day study period, the tebuconazole removal efficiencies were relatively lower (25%-41%) than those for imazalil (46%-96%) for all plant species studied. The removal of imazalil and tebuconazole fit a first-order kinetics model, with the exception of tebuconazole removal in solutions with I. pseudacorus. Changes in the enantiomeric fraction for imazalil and tebuconazole were detected in plant tissue but not in the hydroponic solutions; thus, the translocation and degradation processes were enantioselective in the plants. At the end of the study period, the accumulation of imazalil and tebuconazole in plant tissue was relatively low and constituted 2.8-14.4% of the total spiked pesticide in each vessel. Therefore, the studied plants were able to not only take up the pesticides but also metabolise them. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. 76 FR 54127 - Tebuconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-31

    ..., shorts; and wheat, germ. Bayer CropScience requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and... apply to certain entities. If you have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a... 0F7792 by Bayer CropScience, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, P.O. Box 12014, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709...

  3. Production of Trichoderma strains with pesticide-polyresistance by mutagenesis and protoplast fusion.

    PubMed

    Hatvani, Lóránt; Manczinger, László; Kredics, László; Szekeres, András; Antal, Zsuzsanna; Vágvölgyi, Csaba

    2006-01-01

    The sensitivity of two cold-tolerant Trichoderma strains belonging to the species T. harzianum and T. atroviride was determined to a series of pesticides widely used in agriculture. From the 16 pesticides tested, seven fungicides: copper sulfate, carbendazim, mancozeb, tebuconazole, imazalil, captan and thiram inhibited colony growth of the test strains significantly with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 300, 0.4, 50, 100, 100, 100 and 50 microg/ml, respectively. Mutants resistant to carbendazim and tebuconazole were produced from both wild type strains by means of UV-mutagenesis. The cross-resistance capabilities and in vitro antagonistic properties of the mutants were determined. Carbendazim-resistant mutants showed total cross-resistance to benomyl and thiabendazole at a concentration of 20 microg/ml. Intraspecific protoplast fusion was carried out between carbendazim- and tebuconazole-resistant mutants of both parental strains, and putative haploid recombinants with stable resistance to both pesticides were produced in the case of T. atroviride. These pesticide-polyresistant progenies are potential candidates for application in an integrated pest management system.

  4. Revoking Pesticide Tolerances

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA revokes pesticide tolerances when all registrations of a pesticide have been canceled in the U.S. and the tolerances are not needed for imported foods or when there are no registered uses for certain crops.

  5. Pesticide Tolerances

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA regulates pesticides used to protect crops and sets limits on the amount of pesticide remaining in or on foods in the U.S. The limits on pesticides on foods are called tolerances in the U.S. (maximum residue limits (MRLs) in many other countries).

  6. Microbiological characteristics of a sandy loam soil exposed to tebuconazole and lambda-cyhalothrin under laboratory conditions.

    PubMed

    Cycoń, M; Piotrowska-Seget, Z; Kaczyńska, A; Kozdrój, J

    2006-11-01

    Changes in microbiological properties of a sandy loam soil in response to the addition of different concentrations of fungicide tebuconazole and pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin were assessed under laboratory conditions. To ascertain these changes, the potentially active soil microbial biomass, concentrations of ammonium and nitrate ions, numbers of total culturable bacteria, fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were determined. Substrate-induced respiration (SIR) increased with time in both control (ranged from 13.7 to 23.7 mg/O(2)/kg(-1)/dry soil/h(-1)) and pesticide treated soil portions. For both pesticides, SIR values ranged from 12-13 to 23-25 mg/O(2)/kg(-1)/dry soil/h(-1) on days 1 and 28, respectively. Also, concentrations of nitrate and ammonium ions, numbers of total culturable bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (for the insecticide) and fungi (for the insecticide) were either unaffected or even stimulated by the pesticide treatments. The adverse impacts of the pesticides were observed for nitrate concentrations (on days 1 or 7), numbers of nitrifying bacteria (on day 1), denitrifying bacteria (for the insecticide on days 1 and 14), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (for tebuconazole on day 1) as well as numbers of fungi in tebuconazole-treated soil (on days 1 and 14).

  7. Leaching of oxadyxil and tebuconazole in Colombian soil.

    PubMed

    Aldana, M; De Prado, R; Martínez, M J

    2011-01-01

    Lake Tota (Boyaca, Colombia) supplies water for human consumption, agriculture and industry for more than 500.000 people. Oxadixyl and Tebuconazole are fungicides used in onion crops in the lake catchment area. The mobility of pesticides in soil, bioavailability and transfer to other environmental compartments depend on sorption and desorption kinetics and mechanisms. An understanding of these processes is essential for transport modeling and the rational design of corrective measures against pollution. A displacement study was performed on a hand packed soil column in laboratory conditions. A pulse of 0,01 M CaCl2 solution, containing a tracer (Bromide) and the fungicides Oxadixyl y Tebuconazole, was injected. Column experiment was performed at 0.078 cmh(-1) flow rate under unsaturated conditions. Eluates were collected in flasks at constant intervals and the volumes of eluate were recorded. After rainfall simulation, the soil from the column was sliced into six successive sections (5 cm). Methanol extraction was used to determine the fungicide in each soil section. Samples were measured by HPLC. Only Oxadixyl was recovered in leachates. Unlike bromide breakthrough curve, Oxadixyl was asymmetrical, with early breakthrough and increased tailing. The percentage eluted was 96.7% after ten pore volumes. Tebuconazole showed the highest retention in the first five cm of soil layer. The results suggest that oxadyxil presents highs risk to leachate through the soil profile and that Tebuconazole is strongly absorbed in Colombian soil.

  8. Adsorption-desorption and hysteresis phenomenon of tebuconazole in Colombian agricultural soils: Experimental assays and mathematical approaches.

    PubMed

    Mosquera-Vivas, Carmen S; Martinez, María J; García-Santos, Glenda; Guerrero-Dallos, Jairo A

    2018-01-01

    The adsorption-desorption, hysteresis phenomenon, and leachability of tebuconazole were studied for Inceptisol and Histosol soils at the surface (0-10 cm) and in the subsurface (40-50 cm) of an agricultural region from Colombia by the batch-equilibrium method and mathematical approaches. The experimental K fa and K d (L kg -1 ) values (7.9-289.2) decreased with depth for the two Inceptisols and increased with depth for the Histosol due to the organic carbon content, aryl and carbonyl carbon types. Single-point and desorption isotherms depended on adsorption reversibility and suggested that tebuconazole showed hysteresis; which can be adequately evaluated with the single-point desorption isotherm and the linear model using the hysteresis index HI. The most suitable mathematical approach to estimate the adsorption isotherms of tebuconazole at the surface and in the subsurface was that considering the combination of the n-octanol-water partition coefficient, pesticide solubility, and the mass-balance concept. Tebuconazole had similar moderate mobility potential as compared with the values of other studies conducted in temperate amended and unamended soils, but the risk of the fungicide to pollute groundwater sources increased when the pesticide reached subsurface soil layers, particularly in the Inceptisols. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Evolved pesticide tolerance in amphibians: Predicting mechanisms based on pesticide novelty and mode of action.

    PubMed

    Hua, Jessica; Jones, Devin K; Mattes, Brian M; Cothran, Rickey D; Relyea, Rick A; Hoverman, Jason T

    2015-11-01

    We examined 10 wood frog populations distributed along an agricultural gradient for their tolerance to six pesticides (carbaryl, malathion, cypermethrin, permethrin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) that differed in date of first registration (pesticide novelty) and mode-of-action (MOA). Our goals were to assess whether: 1) tolerance was correlated with distance to agriculture for each pesticide, 2) pesticide novelty predicted the likelihood of evolved tolerance, and 3) populations display cross-tolerance between pesticides that share and differ in MOA. Wood frog populations located close to agriculture were more tolerant to carbaryl and malathion than populations far from agriculture. Moreover, the strength of the relationship between distance to agriculture and tolerance was stronger for older pesticides compared to newer pesticides. Finally, we found evidence for cross-tolerance between carbaryl and malathion (two pesticides that share MOA). This study provides one of the most comprehensive approaches for understanding patterns of evolved tolerance in non-pest species. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. 14C tebuconazole degradation in Colombian soils.

    PubMed

    Mosquera, C S; Martínez, M J; Guerrero, J A

    2010-01-01

    Tebuconazole is a fungicide used on onion crops (Allium Fistulosum L) in Colombia. Persistence of pesticides in soils is characterized by the half-life (DT50), which is influenced by their chemical structure, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the previous soil history. Based on its structural and chemical properties, tebuconazole should be expected to be relatively persistent in soils. Laboratory incubation studies were conducted to evaluate persistence and bond residues of 14C tebuconazole in three soils, two inceptisol (I) and one histosol (H). Textural classifications were: loam (101), loamy sand (102) and loam (H03), respectively. Data obtained followed a first-order degradation kinetics (R2 > or = 0.899) with DT50 values between 158 and 198 days. The production of 14CO2 from the 14C-ring-labelled test chemicals was very low and increased slightly during 63 days in all cases. The methanol extractable 14C-residues were higher than aqueous ones and both decreased over incubation time for the three soils. The formation of bound 14C-residues increased with time and final values were 11.3; 5.55 and 7.87% for 101, 102 and H03 respectively. Soil 101 showed the lowest mineralization rate and the highest bound residues formation, which might be explained by the clay fraction content. In contrast, an inverse behavior was found for soils 102 and H03, these results might be explained by the higher soil organic carbon content.

  11. 77 FR 59114 - Cyazofamid; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-26

    ...; Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This....regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the... CONTACT: Laura Nollen, Registration Division (7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental...

  12. Tebuconazole and Azoxystrobin Residue Behaviors and Distribution in Field and Cooked Peanut.

    PubMed

    Hou, Fan; Teng, Peipei; Liu, Fengmao; Wang, Wenzhuo

    2017-06-07

    Residue behaviors of tebuconazole and azoxystrobin in field condition and the variation of their residue levels during the boiling process were evaluated. The terminal residues of peanut kernels were determined by using a modified QuEChERS method (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) by means of the optimization of the novel purification procedure with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Fe 3 O 4 -magnetic nanoparticle (Fe 3 O 4 -MNP) in the presence of an external magnetic field, and the terminal residues were all at trace level at harvest time. The residues in shells were detected as well to investigate the distribution in peanuts. Tebuconazole and azoxystrobin residue levels varied before/after boiling in kernels and shells to different degrees due to various factors, such as the modes of action and physicochemical properties of pesticides. The residues have been transferred from peanut into the infusion during boiling with the higher percentage of azoxystrobin as its lower logK ow . The processing factors (PFs) for tebuconazole and azoxystrobin after processing were <1, indicating that home cooking in this study could reduce the residue levels in peanut. Risk assessment showed there was no health risk for consumers.

  13. Acute and chronic toxicity of pesticides on tadpoles of Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura, Leptodactylidae).

    PubMed

    Wrubleswski, Juliana; Reichert, Francisco Wilson; Galon, Leandro; Hartmann, Paulo Afonso; Hartmann, Marilia Teresinha

    2018-04-01

    Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world. However, knowledge on how these pesticides affect wildlife is scarce. Among the vertebrates, amphibians are particularly important in research to assess the impact of pesticides because of the correlation between pesticide and the decline of these species. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of commercial formulations of pesticides, i.e., atrazine (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), and tebuconazole (fungicide) in Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles. Eggs were collected in nature and cultivated under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Toxicity tests were carried out under standard conditions to determine the lethal concentration (LC 50 ) after 96 h of exposure and to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations after 7 days. In addition, we performed swimming activity tests on tadpoles exposed to sublethal concentrations. The lethal concentration (LC 50 ) was 19.69 mg/L for atrazine, 0.24 mg/L for cypermethrin and 0.98 mg/L for tebuconazole. In the acute test, atrazine showed lower toxicity than cypermethrin and tebuconazole for P. cuvieri. Swimming activity was affected at sublethal doses of atrazine and cypermethrin, but was not after exposure to tebuconazole. Cypermethrin was the insecticide that most altered the swimming activity of the individuals tested. The risk evaluation analysis indicated risks for tadpoles exposed to three tested pesticides, specially cypermethrin.

  14. Behavior of fluopyram and tebuconazole and some selected pesticides in ripe apples and consumer exposure assessment in the applied crop protection framework.

    PubMed

    Podbielska, Magdalena; Szpyrka, Ewa; Piechowicz, Bartosz; Zwolak, Aneta; Sadło, Stanisław

    2017-07-01

    The supervised field trials were conducted in a commercial apple orchard in 2016. The trials were an attempt to determine a model for dissipation and toxicological evaluation of fluopyram, tebuconazole, captan, tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI), pirimicarb, spirodiclofen, and boscalid residues detected in fruit of Red Jonaprince, Lobo, and Gala varieties immediately before harvest. The analysis also covered amounts of pesticides still present in remnants of calyx in Lobo and Gala varieties immediately before harvest. Laboratory samples of ripe apples were collected within 14 days of the treatment. Levels of pesticide residues detected in the samples changed at a constant exponential rate, and the residue levels found in ripe apples of Red Jonaprince, Gala, and Lobo varieties immediately before harvest were below maximum residue levels (MRL). Overall, captan residues in remnants of calyx were at a level of 22.3% for the Gala variety and 9.3% for the Lobo variety. Likewise, the long-term daily intake of the detected substances by a Polish adult consumer was low, ranging from 0.02% ADI for pirimicarb to 0.72% ADI for captan.

  15. 40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

  16. 40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

  17. 40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

  18. 40 CFR 180.1317 - Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemption from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1317 Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a...

  19. 40 CFR 180.1317 - Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemption from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1317 Pesticide chemicals; exemption from the requirements of a...

  20. 40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

  1. 40 CFR 180.905 - Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.905 Pesticide chemicals; exemptions from the requirement of a...

  2. NAFTA Guidance on Data Requirements for Pesticide Import Tolerances: Questions & Answers

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    These Qs&As provide details of implementation related to a guidance document describing the data requirements for establishing pesticide import tolerances in Canada and the United States: NAFTA Guidance on Data Requirements for Pesticide Import Tolerances.

  3. Effect of different rates of spent mushroom substrate on the dissipation and bioavailability of cymoxanil and tebuconazole in an agricultural soil.

    PubMed

    Álvarez-Martín, Alba; Sánchez-Martín, María Jesús; Pose-Juan, Eva; Rodríguez-Cruz, María Sonia

    2016-04-15

    Physicochemical methods to immobilize pesticides in vulnerable soils are currently being developed to prevent water contamination. Some of these methods include the use of different organic residues to modify soils because they could limit the transport of pesticides and/or facilitate their dissipation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) may be used for these purposes. Accordingly a study was conducted under laboratory conditions to know the dissipation and bioavailability of the fungicides cymoxanil and tebuconazole over time in a vineyard soil amended with two rates of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) (5% and 50% (w/w)), selected to prevent the diffuse or point pollution of soil. The dissipation of cymoxanil was more rapid than that of tebuconazole in the different soils studied. The dissipation rate was higher in the amended soil than in the unamended one for both compounds, while no significant differences were observed between the amended soils in either case. An apparent dissipation occurred in the amended soil due to the formation of non-extractable residues. Bound residues increased with incubation time for tebuconazole, although a proportion of this fungicide was bioavailable after 303days. The major proportion of cymoxanil was tightly bound to the amended soil from the start, although an increasing fraction of bound fungicide was bioavailable for mineralization. Soil dehydrogenase activity was significantly affected by SMS application and incubation time; however, it was not significantly modified by fungicide application. The significance of this research suggests that SMS applied at a low or high rate to agricultural soil can be used to prevent both the diffuse or point pollution of soil through the formation of non-extractable residues, although more research is needed to discover the time that fungicides remain adsorbed into the soil decreasing either bioavailability (tebuconazole) or mineralization (cymoxanil) in SMS-amended soils. Copyright © 2016

  4. 75 FR 24421 - Tebuconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-05

    ... Hearing Clerk as required by 40 CFR part 178 on or before July 6, 2010. In addition to filing an objection.... Effects on these target organs were seen in both rodent and non-rodent species. In addition, ocular... reference values for risk assessment. The POD may be defined as the highest dose at which no adverse effects...

  5. 78 FR 68741 - Tebuconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-15

    ... States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, What... Department of Agriculture/National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA/NASS), proprietary market surveys... each existing use is derived by combining available public and private market survey data for that use...

  6. 77 FR 72984 - Buprofezin Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-07

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0759; FRL-9371-3] Buprofezin..., 2012, concerning buprofezin pesticide tolerances. This document corrects a typographical error. DATES...: Sec. 180.511 Buprofezin; tolerances for residues. (a) * * * Parts per Commodity million...

  7. 40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pesticide tolerances regarding milk... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.6 Pesticide tolerances regarding milk...

  8. 40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pesticide tolerances regarding milk... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.6 Pesticide tolerances regarding milk...

  9. 40 CFR 180.6 - Pesticide tolerances regarding milk, eggs, meat, and/or poultry; statement of policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pesticide tolerances regarding milk... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.6 Pesticide tolerances regarding milk...

  10. 78 FR 49932 - Emamectin; Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-16

    ... Protection, LLC, requested this tolerance under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). This... may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or...). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS...

  11. 76 FR 50893 - Fluoxastrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-17

    ... dog studies, neurologic examinations, including mental status/behavior, gait characteristics, postural... children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the...

  12. 76 FR 50898 - Metconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-17

    .../oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... supporting the petition, EPA has modified the levels at which tolerances are being established for the...

  13. 78 FR 25396 - Glyphosate; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-01

    .../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS.... The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended to... the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified the levels at which tolerances are being...

  14. 78 FR 76561 - Endothall; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ... Phosphorus, Inc. requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES... of a pesticide petition (PP 2F8023) by United Phosphorus, Inc., 630 Freedom Business Center, Suite.... That document referenced a summary of the petition prepared by United Phosphorus, Inc., the registrant...

  15. 75 FR 70143 - Acequinocyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-17

    .../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS... be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to... the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance for hop dried cones from 3.5...

  16. 78 FR 40027 - Novaluron; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-03

    ... chromatography/ultraviolet (HPLC/UV) method) are available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be... available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory Public Docket (OPP... instructions and additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets . FOR FURTHER...

  17. 78 FR 44444 - Mancozeb; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-24

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of mancozeb in or on walnuts and tangerines. United Phosphorus... pesticide petition (PP 1F7935) by United Phosphorus, Inc., 630 Freedom Business Center, King of Prussia, PA... summary of the petition prepared by United Phosphorus, the registrant, which is available in the docket...

  18. 77 FR 72232 - Dodine; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-05

    ... Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII). As to residue levels in food, EPA assumed tolerance level residues for all treated crops. In terms of extent of usage, percent crop treated (PCT) information was... Statistics Service (USDA/NASS), proprietary market surveys, and the National Pesticide Use Database for the...

  19. 78 FR 67048 - Prothioconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-08

    ... code 111). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). B. How can I get electronic access to other related information? You may... Assessment and Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance...

  20. 78 FR 44440 - Imazosulfuron; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-24

    ... tuberous and corm subgroup 1C. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances... methods: Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov . Follow the online instructions for... of a pesticide petition (PP 2E8025) by Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4), 500 College...

  1. 75 FR 60327 - Fluoxastrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-30

    ... consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children... studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the...

  2. 76 FR 55272 - Flubendiamide; Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Amendment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-07

    ... pesticide, flubendiamide in or on the meat and meat byproducts of cattle, goat, hog, horse, and sheep. The...) provides an incorrect tolerance value for the established tolerances for cattle, meat (0.60 ppm); cattle, meat byproducts (0.08 ppm); goat, meat (0.60 ppm); goat, meat byproducts (0.08 ppm); hog, meat (0.15...

  3. Pesticide tolerant and phosphorus solubilizing Pseudomonas sp. strain SGRAJ09 isolated from pesticides treated Achillea clavennae rhizosphere soil.

    PubMed

    Rajasankar, R; Manju Gayathry, G; Sathiavelu, A; Ramalingam, C; Saravanan, V S

    2013-05-01

    In this study, an attempt was made to identify an effective phosphate solubilizing bacteria from pesticide polluted field soil. Based on the formation of solubilization halo on Pikovskaya's agar, six isolates were selected and screened for pesticide tolerance and phosphate (P) solubilization ability through liquid assay. The results showed that only one strain (SGRAJ09) obtained from Achillea clavennae was found to tolerate maximum level of the pesticides tested and it was phylogenetically identified as Pseudomonas sp. It possessed a wide range of pesticide tolerance, ranging from 117 μg mL(-1) for alphamethrin to 2,600 μg mL(-1) for endosulfan. The available P concentrations increased with the maximum and double the maximum dose of monocrotophos and imidacloprid, respectively. On subjected to FT-IR and HPLC analysis, the presence of organic acids functional group in the culture broth and the production of gluconic acid as dominant acid aiding the P solubilization were identified. On comparison with control broth, monocrotophos and imidacloprid added culture broth showed quantitatively high organic acids production. In addition to gluconic acid production, citric and acetic acids were also observed in the pesticide amended broth. Furthermore, the Pseudomonas sp. strain SGRAJ09 possessed all the plant growth promoting traits tested. In presence of monocrotophos and imidacloprid, its plant growth promoting activities were lower than that of the pesticides unamended treatment.

  4. Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Smalling, Kelly L.; Fellers, Gary M.; Kleeman, Patrick M.; Kuivila, Kathryn

    2013-01-01

    Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high elevations sites in northern California. All sites sampled are located downwind of California's highly agricultural Central Valley and receive inputs of pesticides through precipitation and/or dry deposition. Whole frog tissue, water, and sediment were analyzed for more than 90 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two fungicides, pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, and one herbicide, simazine, were the most frequently detected pesticides in tissue samples. Median pesticide concentration ranged from 13 µg/kg to 235 µg/kg wet weight. Tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were the only 2 compounds observed frequently in frog tissue and sediment. Significant spatial differences in tissue concentration were observed, which corresponded to pesticide use in the upwind counties. Data generated indicated that amphibians residing in remote locations are exposed to and capable of accumulating current-use pesticides. A comparison of P. regilla tissue concentrations with water and sediment data indicated that the frogs are accumulating pesticides and are potentially a more reliable indicator of exposure to this group of pesticides than either water or sediment.

  5. Determination of eight pesticides in Lycium barbarum by LC-MS/MS and dietary risk assessment.

    PubMed

    Fu, Yan; Yang, Ting; Zhao, Jian; Zhang, Liang; Chen, Ruoxia; Wu, Yinliang

    2017-03-01

    A LC-MS/MS method for determination of eight pesticides (triadimefon, sulfoxaflor, flusilazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, amitraz, azoxystrobin, and thiophanate-methyl) in Lycium barbarum was established. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and then cleaned up by primary secondary amine. The extracts were diluted with 0.1% formic acid in water. The results showed that at the fortified levels of 0.01-10mg/kg, the average recoveries of these pesticides ranged from 82.1% to 96.2% with the relative standard deviations lower than 7%. The half-lives of eight pesticides were 1.3-5.0days in Lycium barbarum fruits. The pre-harvest interval of all pesticides mentioned above were investigated. Tebuconazole (14days), sulfoxaflor (14days) and flusilazole (28days) have longer pre-harvest interval than the others which have 7days. The dietary risks, assessed as hazard quotients, were far below 100%. The results showed that the eight pesticides applied to Lycium barbarum were comparably safe for the consumer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Residue analysis and risk assessment of tebuconazole in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill).

    PubMed

    You, Xiangwei; Li, Yiqiang; Wang, Xiuguo; Xu, Jinli; Zheng, Xiao; Sui, Chengcheng

    2017-07-01

    In this study, a sensitive and reliable analytical method, based on a modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe procedure, was established for determination of tebuconazole in jujube. After extraction with acetonitrile, the samples were cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. At fortification levels of 0.01, 0.1 and 2.0 mg kg -1 , the average recoveries of tebuconazole in jujube were in the range 97.6-101.9%, with relative standard deviations of 1.5-3.5%. The dissipation and residual levels of tebuconazole in jujube under field conditions were investigated. Tebuconazole dissipated relatively slowly in jujube, with a half-life of 33.0 days. The terminal residue experiments of tebuconazole in jujube were conducted in four locations in China and the risk was evaluated using risk quotients (RQ). RQ values were found to be significantly lower than RQ = 1, indicating that the risk to human health of using the recommended doses of tebuconazole in jujube was not significant. This study could provide guidance for the safe and reasonable use of tebuconazole in jujube and serve as a reference for the establishment of limit of maximum residue in China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  7. 78 FR 18504 - Emamectin Benzoate; Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-27

    ... vegetable crop group 9. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested this tolerance under the... and/or quantitative sensitivity of rat pups was seen in the reproductive toxicity and in the.... Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a...

  8. 77 FR 71555 - Halosulfuron-Methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-03

    ... sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a determination on aggregate exposure for halosulfuron...) to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to the pesticide. For hazards that have a.... Livestock tolerances are derived from reevaluation of the dairy/beef cattle diet with new feed items (millet...

  9. 75 FR 16017 - Cloquintocet-mexyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-31

    ...-quinolinoxyacetic acid) on wheat forage, wheat grain, wheat hay, and wheat straw. Arysta LifeScience North America...-5805. II. Petition for Tolerance EPA has received a petition from Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC... filing of the above-referenced pesticide petition (PP 9E7592) by Arysta LifeScience North America, LLC...

  10. 78 FR 36677 - Triforine, Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-19

    ..., Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Correcting.... What does this technical correction do? EPA is correcting the CFR section number assigned to the... opportunity for public comment. EPA has determined that there is good cause for making this technical...

  11. 77 FR 46306 - Fluxapyroxad; Pesticide Tolerances Technical Amendment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-03

    ...; Pesticide Tolerances Technical Amendment AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule; technical amendment. SUMMARY: EPA issued a final rule in the Federal Register of May 14, 2012, concerning.... Inadvertently, the terminology for the oilseed crop group and for dried plums was incorrect. This technical...

  12. Application of a biosorbent to soil: a potential method for controlling water pollution by pesticides.

    PubMed

    Álvarez-Martín, Alba; Rodríguez-Cruz, M Sonia; Andrades, M Soledad; Sánchez-Martín, María J

    2016-05-01

    Different strategies are now being optimized to prevent water from agricultural areas being contaminated by pesticides. The aim of this work was to optimize the adsorption of non-polar (tebuconazole, triadimenol) and polar (cymoxanil, pirimicarb) pesticides by soils after applying the biosorbent spent mushroom substrate (SMS) at different rates. The adsorption isotherms of pesticides by three soils and SMS-amended soils were obtained and the adsorption constants were calculated. The distribution coefficients (K d) increased 1.40-23.1 times (tebuconazole), 1.08-23.7 times (triadimenol), 1.31-42.1 times (cymoxanil), and 0.55-23.8 times (pirimicarb) for soils amended with biosorbent at rates between 2 and 75 %. Increasing the SMS rates led to a constant increase in adsorption efficiency for non-polar pesticides but not for polar pesticides, due to the increase in the organic carbon (OC) content of soils as indicated by K OC values. The OC content of SMS-amended soils accounted for more than 90 % of the adsorption variability of non-polar pesticides, but it accounted for only 56.3 % for polar pesticides. The estimated adsorption of SMS-amended soils determined from the individual adsorption of soils and SMS was more consistent with real experimental values for non-polar pesticides than for polar pesticides. The results revealed the use of SMS as a tool to optimize pesticide adsorption by soils in dealing with specific contamination problems involving these compounds.

  13. Endocrine Activities of Pesticides During Ozonation of Waters.

    PubMed

    Westlund, Paul; Isazadeh, Siavash; Therrien, Alexandre; Yargeau, Viviane

    2018-01-01

    Two yeast-based bioassays were used to assess the endocrine activity potential of transformation products formed during the ozonation of water containing a variety of pesticides (propiconazole, atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], tebuconazole, climbazole, myclobutanil, irgarol, terbutryn, dicamba, mecoprop and diuron). Ozone experiments were conducted first in reverse osmosis water to isolate the effects of the pesticides and then in synthetic wastewater and wastewater effluent to investigate whether the results translated to more complex matrices. The findings demonstrate the recalcitrant nature of most pesticides during ozonation, with removals below 50%, except for irgarol, terbutryn and climbazole with removals up to 70%. This study is the first one to investigate the removal of the fungicides myclobutanil and tebuconazole by ozonation and is one of the first studies to investigate the androgenic activity of ozonation transformation products of contaminants of emerging concern. These findings also demonstrated that during ozonation the initial anti-androgenic activity was removed while the estrogenic activity remained undetected and the androgenic activity increased to levels up to 60% of the anti-androgenic activity of the DHT control. These results indicate that bioactivity should be considered in the evaluation of treatment performance and risks assessment associated to wastewater discharges.

  14. 78 FR 15880 - Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-13

    ... Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This regulation extends the time-limited interim tolerances for the... . II. Background A detailed summary of the background related to EPA's extension of the time-limited...

  15. 76 FR 57657 - Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-16

    ...] Tetrachlorvinphos; Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This regulation establishes an extension of time-limited interim..., and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). The time-limited tolerances expire on March 18, 2013. DATES: This regulation...

  16. Towards the identification and quantification of candidate metabolites of tebuconazole fungicide.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    El Azhari, Najoi; Dermou, Eftychia; Botteri, Lucio; Lucini, Luigi; Karas, Panagiotis; Karpouzas, Dimitris; Tsiamis, George; Martin-Laurent, Fabrice; Trevisan, Marco; Rossi, Riccardo; Ferrari, Federico

    2017-04-01

    Tebuconazole belongs to the family of triazole fungicides, used for crop protection and human health applications. In the environment, the dissipation of the parent molecule leads to the formation of metabolites that are of unknown identity or toxicity. In order to identify and determine the putative identity of those metabolites and their po- tential toxicity, a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) approach is often used. Q-SAR ap- proaches help to predict their toxicity by comparing them to a known database of mole- cules with known properties. All together the information on the candidate by-products may help to select relevant sub-set of metabolites for further quantification by LC or GC coupled with MS. It is thereby possible to select putative toxic compounds for further quanti- fication using chemical analysis. Previous work allowed the identification of potential metabolites of tebuconazole. Triazole, triazolyl acetic acid and p-chlorophenol were suspected to result from the decomposition of tebuconazole. Tebuconazole degradation kinetics was followed for 125 days by quanti- fying the dissipation of the parent molecule and the emergence of the three candidate metabolites by LC/MS for tebuconazole, triazol and triazolyl acetate and by GC/MS for p- chlorophenol. The data allowed the proposition of several metabolic pathways.

  17. Side-effects of pesticides on the generalist endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).

    PubMed

    Cruz, Ricardo Alcántara-de la; Zanuncio, José Cola; Lacerda, Mabio Chrisley; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico; Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Tavares, Wagner de Souza; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga; Sediyama, Carlos Sigueyuki

    2017-08-30

    New plant protection strategies focus on minimizing chemical pesticide use and increasing their compatibility with biological control agents. The objective was to evaluate the side-effects of glyphosate, diflubenzuron, malathion, tebuconazole and triflumuron (at 720, 45, 400, 150 and 20 g ai ha -1 , respectively), pesticides authorized for soybean crops in Brazil, on the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reared on Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The emergence and female numbers produced per P. elaeisis female were higher in A. gemmatalis pupae from caterpillars fed an artificial diet treated with glyphosate. However, emergence was lower than 50% when the caterpillars were fed on soybean leaves treated with glyphosate offered ad libitum (3-5 times). Palmistichus elaeisis died before parasiting A. gemmatalis pupae treated with malathion. Diflubenzuron reduced the P. elaesis sex ratio in the second generation. Tebuconazole and triflumuron did not cause side-effects on this parasitoid. A continuous exposure to glyphosate by the host may lead to side-effects on P. elaeisis emergence, but its moderate use is acceptable for this parasitoid. Diflubenzuron had severe transgenerational side-effects. Tebuconazole fungicide and triflumuron insecticide are compatible with P. elaeisis in sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) programs, while malathion can not be included in them.

  18. Enantioselectivity in tebuconazole and myclobutanil non-target toxicity and degradation in soils.

    PubMed

    Li, Yuanbo; Dong, Fengshou; Liu, Xingang; Xu, Jun; Han, Yongtao; Zheng, Yongquan

    2015-03-01

    Tebuconazole and myclobutanil are two widely used triazole fungicides, both comprising two enantiomers with different fungicidal activity. However, their non-target toxicity and environmental behavior with respect to enantioselectivity have received limited attention. In the present study, tebuconazole and myclobutanil enantiomers were isolated and used to evaluate the occurrence of enantioselectivity in their acute toxicity to three non-target organisms (Scenedesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio). Significant differences were found: R-(-)-tebuconazole was about 1.4-5.9 times more toxic than S-(+)-tebuconazole; rac-myclobutanil was about 1.3-6.1 and 1.4-7.3 more toxic than (-)-myclobutanil and (+)-myclobutanil, respectively. Enantioselectivity was further investigated in terms of fungicide degradation in seven soil samples, which were selected to cover a broad range of soil properties. In aerobic or anaerobic soils, the S-(+)-tebuconazole degraded faster than R-(-)-tebuconazole, and the enantioselectivity showed a correlation with soil organic carbon content. (+)-Myclobutanil was preferentially degraded than (-)-myclobutanil in aerobic soils, whereas both enantiomers degraded at similar rates in anaerobic soils. Apparent correlations of enantioselectivity with soil pH and soil texture were observed for myclobutanil under aerobic conditions. In addition, both fungicides were configurationally stable in soils, i.e., no enantiomerization was found. Enantioselectivity may be a common phenomenon in both aquatic toxicity and biodegradation of chiral triazole fungicides, and this should be considered when assessing ecotoxicological risks of these compounds in the environment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. 78 FR 14487 - Tetrachlorvinphos; Proposed Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-06

    ...] Tetrachlorvinphos; Proposed Extension of Time-Limited Interim Pesticide Tolerances AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: This regulation proposes the extension of the time-limited... related to EPA's extension of the time-limited interim tolerances for the combined residues of the...

  20. Tebuconazole dissipation and metabolism in Tifton loamy sand during laboratory incubationt.

    PubMed

    Strickland, Timothy C; Potter, Thomas L; Joo, Hyun

    2004-07-01

    The fungicide tebuconazole is widely used to control soil-borne and foliar diseases in peanuts and other crops. No published data are currently available on the extent and rate at which this compound degrades in soil. Unpublished data summarized in registration documents suggest that the compound is persistent, with 300-600 days half-life. We conducted a 63-day laboratory incubation to evaluate tebuconazole's dissipation kinetics and impact on soil microbial activity in Tifton loamy sand. Tifton soils support extensive peanut production in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of Georgia and Alabama. Products containing tebuconazole are applied to an estimated 50% of the peanut acreage in the region. At the end of the incubation, 43 (+/-42)% of the parent compound was recovered in soil extracts. The first-order kinetic model, which gave a good fit to the dissipation data (r2 = 0.857), yielded a soil half-life (t1/2) of 49 days. This is 6-12 times more rapid than t1/2 values described in unpublished tebuconazole registration documents. Four degradates were identified. Tentative structural assignments indicated that degradates were derived from hydroxylation of the parent compound and/or chlorophenyl ring cleavage. Cleavage products showed a steady increase during the incubation, and on a molar basis were equal to 63% of the time zero tebuconazole concentration. No significant effect on soil microbial biomass was observed, indicating that when the compound is applied at normal agronomic rate it does not impact soil metabolic activity. Use of the soil-half life data derived in this study should improve the accuracy oftebuconazole fate assessments for Coastal Plain peanut production. The study also indicated that environmental assessment of selected degradates may be needed to fully evaluate risks of tebuconazole use.

  1. 76 FR 55814 - 2,4-D; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-09

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0905; FRL-8881-7] 2,4-D... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of 2,4-D in or on teff, bran; teff, forage; teff, grain; and... 408(d)(3) of FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 0F7796) by...

  2. Induction and transmission of tolerance to the synthetic pesticide emamectin benzoate in field and laboratory populations of diamondback moth.

    PubMed

    Rahman, M M; Baker, G; Powis, K J; Roush, R T; Schmidt, O

    2010-08-01

    Field surveys of pest insect pest populations in agroecosystems reveal low but significant levels of tolerance to synthetic and biological pesticides but fail to uncover resistance alleles in test crosses. To study the potential of inducible mechanisms to generate tolerance to synthetic pesticides, we performed baseline susceptibility studies in field and laboratory populations of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), to commercial formulations of emamectin benzoate. Pesticide exposure in the field caused elevated levels of tolerance, which decreased in field-collected populations after maintaining insects with pesticide-free diet in the laboratory. Because no significant resistance alleles were identified in back-crossed individuals, the observed increase in tolerance was probably not based on preexisting recessive resistance mechanisms in the population. Instead, the genetic analysis after five and 12 generations is compatible with a transient up-regulation of an immune and metabolic status in tolerant insects that can be transmitted to offspring by a maternal effect. Although the epigenetic effects contributed to incremental increases in tolerance in the first five generations, other resistance mechanisms that are transmitted genetically predominate after 12 generations of increased exposure to the pesticide.

  3. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180... proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed...

  4. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180... proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed...

  5. Dissipation and adsorption of isoproturon, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos and their main transformation products under laboratory and field conditions.

    PubMed

    Papadopoulou, Evangelia S; Karas, Panagiotis A; Nikolaki, Sofia; Storck, Veronika; Ferrari, Federico; Trevisan, Marco; Tsiamis, George; Martin-Laurent, Fabrice; Karpouzas, Dimitrios G

    2016-11-01

    Assessment of dissipation constitutes an integral part of pesticides risk assessment since it provides an estimate of the level and the duration of exposure of the terrestrial ecosystem to pesticides. Within the frame of an overall assessment of the soil microbial toxicity of pesticides, we investigated the dissipation of a range of dose rates of three model pesticides, isoproturon (IPU), tebuconazole (TCZ), and chlorpyrifos (CHL), and the formation and dissipation of their main transformation products following a tiered lab-to-field approach. The adsorption of pesticides and their transformation products was also determined. IPU was the least persistent pesticide showing a dose-dependent increase in its persistence in both laboratory and field studies. CHL dissipation showed a dose-dependent increase under laboratory conditions and an exact opposite trend in the field. TCZ was the most persistent pesticide under lab conditions showing a dose-dependent decrease in its dissipation, whereas in the field TCZ exhibited a biphasic dissipation pattern with extrapolated DT90s ranging from 198 to 603.4days in the ×1 and ×2 dose rates, respectively. IPU was demethylated to mono- (MD-IPU) and di-desmethyl-isoproturon (DD-IPU) which dissipated following a similar pattern with the parent compound. CHL was hydrolyzed to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) which dissipated showing a reverse dose-dependent pattern compared to CHL. Pesticides adsorption affinity increased in the order IPUpesticides and their transformation products will be used as exposure inputs for assessment of their soil microbial toxicity. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Identification of new metabolic pathways in the enantioselective fungicide tebuconazole biodegradation by Bacillus sp. 3B6.

    PubMed

    Youness, Mohamed; Sancelme, Martine; Combourieu, Bruno; Besse-Hoggan, Pascale

    2018-06-05

    The use of triazole fungicides in various fields ranging from agriculture to therapy, can cause long-term undesirable effects on different organisms from various environmental compartments and lead to resistance phenomena (even in humans) due to their extensive use and persistence. Their occurrence in various water bodies has increased and tebuconazole, in particular, is often detected, sometimes in high concentration. Only a few bacterial and fungal strains have been isolated and found to biotransform this fungicide, described as not easily biodegradable. Nevertheless, the knowledge of efficient degrading-strains and metabolites potentially formed could improve bioremediation process and global overview of risk assessment. Therefore, a broad screening of microorganisms, isolated from various environmental compartments or from commercially-available strain collections, allowed us to find six bacterial strains able to biotransform tebuconazole. The most efficient one was studied further: this environmental strain Bacillus sp. 3B6 biotransforms the fungicide enantioselectively (ee = 18%) into two hydroxylated metabolites, one of them being transformed in its turn to alkene by a biotic dehydration reaction. This original enantioselective pathway shows that racemic pesticides should be treated by the environmental risk assessment authorities as a mixture of two compounds because persistence, biodegradation, bioaccumulation and toxicity often show chiral dependence. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Agricultural pesticides and veterinary substances in Uruguayan beeswax.

    PubMed

    Harriet, Jorge; Campá, Juan Pablo; Grajales, Mauricio; Lhéritier, Christophe; Gómez Pajuelo, Antonio; Mendoza-Spina, Yamandú; Carrasco-Letelier, Leonidas

    2017-06-01

    Over the last decade, Uruguay has expanded and intensified its rainfed crop production. This process has affected beekeeping in several ways: for example, by reducing the space available. This has increased the density of apiaries, the risk of varroosis and acaricide use. Additionally, the dominance of no-tillage crops has increased the frequencies of application and of loads of pesticides in regions where such crops share the land with beekeeping and honey production. Therefore, the exposure of bees to xenobiotics (agricultural pesticides and veterinary products) has increased in line with pollution of hives and their products. To document pollution from hive exposure to pesticides, we surveyed the presence of 30 xenobiotics normally used in Uruguay, in recycled beeswax (RB) and in honey cappings (HC) from the main Uruguayan beekeeping regions. There was contamination of all the analyzed samples (RB and HC) with the herbicide atrazine at a range of 1-2 ng g -1 . At least three or four additional xenobiotics were detected: insecticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl and thiacloprid); fungicides (azoxystrobin and tebuconazole); and veterinary products (coumaphos, ethion, and tau-fluvalinate). The frequency of detection of chlorpyrifos-ethyl and coumaphos in RB samples was higher than in those of HC. Moreover, the concentrations of azoxystrobin, coumaphos, and tebuconazole in RB samples were higher than in HC samples. Therefore, we suggest the use of HC to produce recycled printed beeswax films for use in hives to minimize pollution transfer. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. 77 FR 8741 - Spirotetramat; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-15

    ... on onion, dry bulb under section 408(l)(6) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U... pesticide on dry bulb onions. This regulation establishes a maximum permissible level for residues of... degradates, in or on onion, dry bulb at 0.3 parts per million (ppm). This time-limited tolerance expires on...

  9. The effect of synthetic pesticides and sulfur used in conventional and organically grown strawberry and soybean on Neozygites floridana, a natural enemy of spider mites.

    PubMed

    Castro, Thiago; Roggia, Samuel; Wekesa, Vitalis W; de Andrade Moral, Rafael; Gb Demétrio, Clarice; Delalibera, Italo; Klingen, Ingeborg

    2016-09-01

    The beneficial fungus Neozygites floridana kills the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, which is a serious polyphagous plant pest worldwide. Outbreaks of spider mites in strawberry and soybean have been associated with pesticide applications. Pesticides may affect N. floridana and consequently the natural control of T. urticae. N. floridana is a fungus difficult to grow in artificial media, and for this reason, very few studies have been conducted with this fungus, especially regarding the impact of pesticides. The aim of this study was to conduct a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of pesticides used in strawberry and soybean crops on N. floridana. Among the pesticides used in strawberry, the fungicides sulfur and cyprodinil + fludioxonil completely inhibited both the sporulation and conidial germination of N. floridana. The fungicide fluazinam affected N. floridana drastically. The application of the fungicide tebuconazole and the insecticides fenpropathrin and abamectin resulted in a less pronounced negative effect on N. floridana. Except for epoxiconazole and cyproconazole, all tested fungicides used in soybean resulted in a complete inhibition of N. floridana. Among the three insecticides used in soybean, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin resulted in a significant inhibition of N. floridana. The insecticides/ acaricides abamectin and lambda-cyhalothrin at half concentrations and fenpropathrin and permethrin and the fungicide tebuconazole at the recommended concentrations resulted in the lowest impact on N. floridana. The fungicides with the active ingredients sulfur, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole negatively affected N. floridana. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

  10. Order Denying Petition to Revoke All Tolerances for the Pesticide Chlorpyrifos

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    In this Order, EPA denies a petition requesting that EPA revoke all tolerances for the pesticide chlorpyrifos under section 408(d) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and cancel all chlorpyrifos registrations under FIFRA.

  11. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.7 Petitions...

  12. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.7 Petitions...

  13. 40 CFR 180.7 - Petitions proposing tolerances or exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... exemptions for pesticide residues in or on raw agricultural commodities or processed foods. 180.7 Section 180.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.7 Petitions...

  14. Concentration and timing of application reveal strong fungistatic effect of tebuconazole in a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast model.

    PubMed

    Cuco, Ana P; Santos, Joana I; Abrantes, Nelson; Gonçalves, Fernando; Wolinska, Justyna; Castro, Bruno B

    2017-12-01

    Given the importance of pollutant effects on host-parasite relationships and disease spread, the main goal of this study was to assess the influence of different exposure scenarios for the fungicide tebuconazole (concentration×timing of application) on a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast experimental system. Previous results had demonstrated that tebuconazole is able to suppress Metschnikowia bicuspidata infection at ecologically-relevant concentrations; here, we aimed to obtain an understanding of the mechanism underlying the anti-parasitic (fungicidal or fungistatic) action of tebuconazole. We exposed the Daphnia-yeast system to four nominal tebuconazole concentrations at four timings of application (according to the predicted stage of parasite development), replicated on two Daphnia genotypes, in a fully crossed experiment. An "all-or-nothing" effect was observed, with tebuconazole completely suppressing infection from 13.5μgl -1 upwards, independent of the timing of tebuconazole application. A follow-up experiment confirmed that the suppression of infection occurred within a narrow range of tebuconazole concentrations (3.65-13.5μgl -1 ), although a later application of the fungicide had to be compensated for by a slight increase in concentration to elicit the same anti-parasitic effect. The mechanism behind this anti-parasitic effect seems to be the inhibition of M. bicuspidata sporulation, since tebuconazole was effective in preventing ascospore production even when applied at a later time. However, this fungicide also seemed to affect the vegetative growth of the yeast, as demonstrated by the enhanced negative effect of the parasite (increasing mortality in one of the host genotypes) at a later time of application of tebuconazole, when no signs of infection were observed. Fungicide contamination can thus affect the severity and spread of disease in natural populations, as well as the inherent co-evolutionary dynamics in host-parasite systems. Copyright © 2017

  15. Pesticide residues in grain from Kazakhstan and potential health risks associated with exposure to detected pesticides.

    PubMed

    Lozowicka, B; Kaczynski, P; Paritova, Capital A Cyrillic Е; Kuzembekova, G B; Abzhalieva, A B; Sarsembayeva, N B; Alihan, K

    2014-02-01

    This paper presents the first study of pesticide residue results in grain from Kazakhstan. A total of 80 samples: barley, oat, rye, and wheat were collected and tested in the accredited laboratory. Among 180 pesticides, 10 active substances were detected. Banned pesticides, such as DDTs, γ-HCH, aldrin and diazinon were found in cereal grain. Chlorpyrifos methyl and pirimiphos methyl were the most frequently detected residues. No residues were found in 77.5% of the samples, 13.75% contained pesticide residues at or below MRLs, and 8.75% above MRLs. The greatest percentage of samples with residues (29%) was noted for wheat, and the lowest for rye (20%). Obtained data were used to estimate potential health risks associated with exposure to these pesticides. The highest estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were as follows: 789% of the ADI for aldrin (wheat) and 49.8% of the ADI for pirimiphos methyl (wheat and rye). The acute risk from aldrin and tebuconazole in wheat was 315.9% and 98.7% ARfD, respectively. The results show that despite the highest EDIs of pesticide residues in cereals, the current situation could not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring of pesticide residues in grain is recommended. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Enhancing pesticide degradation using indigenous microorganisms isolated under high pesticide load in bioremediation systems with vermicomposts.

    PubMed

    Castillo Diaz, Jean Manuel; Delgado-Moreno, Laura; Núñez, Rafael; Nogales, Rogelio; Romero, Esperanza

    2016-08-01

    In biobed bioremediation systems (BBSs) with vermicomposts exposed to a high load of pesticides, 6 bacteria and 4 fungus strains were isolated, identified, and investigated to enhance the removal of pesticides. Three different mixtures of BBSs composed of vermicomposts made from greenhouse (GM), olive-mill (OM) and winery (WM) wastes were contaminated, inoculated, and incubated for one month (GMI, OMI and WMI). The inoculums maintenance was evaluated by DGGE and Q-PCR. Pesticides were monitored by HPLC-DAD. The highest bacterial and fungal abundance was observed in WMI and OMI respectively. In WMI, the consortia improved the removal of tebuconazole, metalaxyl, and oxyfluorfen by 1.6-, 3.8-, and 7.7-fold, respectively. The dissipation of oxyfluorfen was also accelerated in OMI, with less than 30% remaining after 30d. One metabolite for metalaxyl and 4 for oxyfluorfen were identified by GC-MS. The isolates could be suitable to improve the efficiency of bioremediation systems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Sorption of selected pesticides on soils, sediment and straw from a constructed agricultural drainage ditch or pond.

    PubMed

    Vallée, Romain; Dousset, Sylvie; Billet, David; Benoit, Marc

    2014-04-01

    Buffer zones such as ponds and ditches are used to reduce field-scale losses of pesticides from subsurface drainage waters to surface waters. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of these buffer zones, in particular constructed wetlands, focusing specifically on sorption processes. We modelled the sorption processes of three herbicides [2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-MCPA), isoproturon and napropamide] and three fungicides (boscalid, prochloraz and tebuconazole) on four substrates (two soils, sediment and straw) commonly found in a pond and ditch in Lorraine (France). A wide range of Freundlich coefficient (K fads) values was obtained, from 0.74 to 442.63 mg(1 - n) L (n) kg(-1), and the corresponding K foc values ranged from 56 to 3,725 mg(1 - n) L (n) kg(-1). Based on potential retention, the substrates may be classified as straw > sediments > soils. These results show the importance of organic carbon content and nature in the process of sorption. Similarly, the studied pesticides could be classified according to their adsorption capacity as follows: prochloraz > tebuconazole-boscalid > napropamide > MCPA-isoproturon. This classification is strongly influenced by the physico-chemical properties of pesticides, especially solubility and K oc. Straw exhibited the largest quantity of non-desorbable pesticide residues, from 12.1 to 224.2 mg/L for all pesticides. The presence of plants could increase soil-sediment sorption capacity. Thus, establishment and maintenance of plants and straw filters should be promoted to optimise sorption processes and the efficiency of ponds and ditches in reducing surface water pollution.

  18. Biogenic nanosilica blended by nanofibrillated cellulose as support for slow-release of tebuconazole

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mattos, Bruno D.; Magalhães, Washington L. E.

    2016-09-01

    Despite the potential application of nanotechnology in the agricultural sector, it is not as competitive as other industrial sectors because these approaches do not demonstrate a sufficient economic return to counterbalance the high production costs. For biocidal purposes, the reduction of the initial costs can be addressed if biogenic nanosilica and nanofibrillated cellulose were used to prepare nanocomposite for further utilization as support for slow-release of tebuconazole. Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that biocide was entrapped in the cellulose/silica nanocomposites network. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography evaluation showed the nanocomposite's microstructure based on irregular shape nanosilica blended by nanofibrillated cellulose in a randomly organized network. Elemental mapping images showed the tebuconazole better dispersed in the composite blended with lower content of cellulose. The nanofibrillated cellulose played an important role in the release rate of the biocide mainly at short-term periods. At 15 days of immersion, the pure biocide had 95 % release compared with 30-45 % release of the tebuconazole loaded in the nanocomposites.

  19. Integrating both interaction pathways between warming and pesticide exposure on upper thermal tolerance in high- and low-latitude populations of an aquatic insect.

    PubMed

    Op de Beeck, Lin; Verheyen, Julie; Stoks, Robby

    2017-05-01

    Global warming and chemical pollution are key anthropogenic stressors with the potential to interact. While warming can change the impact of pollutants and pollutants can change the sensitivity to warming, both interaction pathways have never been integrated in a single experiment. Therefore, we tested the effects of warming and multiple pesticide pulses (allowing accumulation) of chlorpyrifos on upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and associated physiological traits related to aerobic/anaerobic energy production in the damselfly Ischnura elegans. To also assess the role of latitude-specific thermal adaptation in shaping the impact of warming and pesticide exposure on thermal tolerance, we exposed larvae from replicated high- and low-latitude populations to the pesticide in a common garden rearing experiment at 20 and 24 °C, the mean summer water temperatures at high and low latitudes. As expected, exposure to chlorpyrifos resulted in a lower CTmax. Yet, this pesticide effect on CTmax was lower at 24 °C compared to 20 °C because of a lower accumulation of chlorpyrifos in the medium at 24 °C. The effects on CTmax could partly be explained by reduction of the aerobic scope. Given that these effects did not differ between latitudes, gradual thermal evolution is not expected to counteract the negative effect of the pesticide on thermal tolerance. By for the first time integrating both interaction pathways we were not only able to provide support for both of them, but more importantly demonstrate that they can directly affect each other. Indeed, the warming-induced reduction in pesticide impact generated a lower pesticide-induced climate change sensitivity (in terms of decreased upper thermal tolerance). Our results indicate that, assuming no increase in pesticide input, global warming might reduce the negative effect of multiple pulse exposures to pesticides on sensitivity to elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Impact of Pesticide Resistance on Toxicity and Tolerance of Hostplant Phytochemicals in Amyelois Transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

    PubMed Central

    Bagchi, Vikram A.; Siegel, Joel P.; Demkovich, Mark R.; Zehr, Luke N.; Berenbaum, May R.

    2016-01-01

    For some polyphagous insects, adaptation to phytochemically novel plants can enhance resistance to certain pesticides, but whether pesticide resistance expands tolerance to phytochemicals has not been examined. Amyelois transitella Walker (navel orangeworm) is an important polyphagous pest of nut and fruit tree crops in California. Bifenthrin resistance, partially attributable to enhanced cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated detoxification, has been reported in an almond-infesting population exposed to intense pesticide selection. We compared the toxicity of bifenthrin and three phytochemicals–chlorogenic acid, and the furanocoumarins xanthotoxin and bergapten–to three strains of A. transitella: pyrethroid-resistant R347 (maintained in the laboratory for ∼10 generations), fig-derived FIG (in the laboratory for ∼25 generations), and CPQ–a laboratory strain derived from almonds ∼40 years ago). Whereas both Ficus carica (fig) and Prunus dulcis (almond) contain chlorogenic acid, furanocoumarins occur only in figs. Both R347 and FIG exhibited 2-fold greater resistance to the three phytochemicals compared with CPQ; surprisingly, bifenthrin resistance was highest in FIG. Piperonyl butoxide, a P450 synergist, increased toxicity of all three phytochemicals only in CPQ, implicating alternate tolerance mechanisms in R347 and FIG. To test the ability of the strains to utilize novel hostplants directly, we compared survival on diets containing seeds of Wisteria sinensis and Prosopis pallida, two non-host Fabaceae species; survival of FIG was highest and survival of R347 was lowest. Our results suggest that, while P450-mediated pesticide resistance enhances tolerance of certain phytochemicals in this species, it is only one of multiple biochemical adaptations associated with acquiring novel hostplants. PMID:27620560

  1. Dissipation kinetics and safety evaluation of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin in tea under tropical field conditions.

    PubMed

    Paramasivam, Mariappan; Deepa, Manthirachalam; Selvi, Chellamuthu; Chandrasekaran, Subramanian

    2017-12-01

    Dissipation kinetics of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin and its acid metabolite residues were studied in tea under tropical field conditions using GC-MS (SIM). The average recoveries ranged from 80.7% to 105.8%, with a RSD of <9.3%. Dissipation rate for both doses applied followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives in green leaves in the range of 2.8-3.3 and 2.9-3.3 days; ranges in processed tea were 2.7-3.6 days for trifloxystrobin and 3.0-3.1 days for tebuconazole. The trifloxystrobin residues were not transferred into the tea infusion during the infusion process; tebuconazole did transfer, in the range of 14.3-18.9%. As the theoretical maximum residue contributions on tea from initial deposits were found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values, at the recommended application dose a withdrawal period of 23 days before consumption should be applied to reduce risk.

  2. New insight into pesticide partition coefficient Kd for modelling pesticide fluvial transport: application to an agricultural catchment in south-western France.

    PubMed

    Boithias, Laurie; Sauvage, Sabine; Merlina, Georges; Jean, Séverine; Probst, Jean-Luc; Sánchez Pérez, José Miguel

    2014-03-01

    Pesticides applied on crops are leached with rainfall to groundwater and surface water. They threat the aquatic environment and may render water unfit for human consumption. Pesticide partitioning is one of the pesticide fate processes in the environment that should be properly formalised in pesticide fate models. Based on the analysis of 7 pesticide molecules (alachlor, atrazine, atrazine's transformation product deethylatrazine or DEA, isoproturon, tebuconazole and trifluralin) sampled from July 2009 to October 2010 at the outlet of the river Save (south-western France), the objectives of this study were (1) to check which of the environmental factors (discharge, pH, concentrations of total suspended matter (TSM), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) could control the pesticide sorption dynamic, and (2) to establish a relationship between environmental factors, the partition coefficient Kd and the octanol/water distribution coefficient Kow. The comparison of physico-chemical parameters values during low flow and high flow shows that discharge, TSM and POC are the factors most likely controlling the pesticide sorption processes in the Save river network, especially for lower values of TSM (below 13mgL(-1)). We therefore express Kd depending on the widely literature-related variable Kow and on the commonly simulated variable TSM concentration. The equation can be implemented in any model describing the fluvial transport and fate of pesticides in both dissolved and sorbed phases, thus, Kd becomes a variable in time and space. The Kd calculation method can be applied to a wide range of catchments and organic contaminants. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Impact of Pesticide Resistance on Toxicity and Tolerance of Hostplant Phytochemicals in Amyelois Transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

    PubMed

    Bagchi, Vikram A; Siegel, Joel P; Demkovich, Mark R; Zehr, Luke N; Berenbaum, May R

    2016-01-01

    For some polyphagous insects, adaptation to phytochemically novel plants can enhance resistance to certain pesticides, but whether pesticide resistance expands tolerance to phytochemicals has not been examined. Amyelois transitella Walker (navel orangeworm) is an important polyphagous pest of nut and fruit tree crops in California. Bifenthrin resistance, partially attributable to enhanced cytochrome P450 (P450)-mediated detoxification, has been reported in an almond-infesting population exposed to intense pesticide selection. We compared the toxicity of bifenthrin and three phytochemicals-chlorogenic acid, and the furanocoumarins xanthotoxin and bergapten-to three strains of A. transitella: pyrethroid-resistant R347 (maintained in the laboratory for ∼10 generations), fig-derived FIG (in the laboratory for ∼25 generations), and CPQ-a laboratory strain derived from almonds ∼40 years ago). Whereas both Ficus carica (fig) and Prunus dulcis (almond) contain chlorogenic acid, furanocoumarins occur only in figs. Both R347 and FIG exhibited 2-fold greater resistance to the three phytochemicals compared with CPQ; surprisingly, bifenthrin resistance was highest in FIG. Piperonyl butoxide, a P450 synergist, increased toxicity of all three phytochemicals only in CPQ, implicating alternate tolerance mechanisms in R347 and FIG. To test the ability of the strains to utilize novel hostplants directly, we compared survival on diets containing seeds of Wisteria sinensis and Prosopis pallida, two non-host Fabaceae species; survival of FIG was highest and survival of R347 was lowest. Our results suggest that, while P450-mediated pesticide resistance enhances tolerance of certain phytochemicals in this species, it is only one of multiple biochemical adaptations associated with acquiring novel hostplants. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  4. Occurrence and distribution study of residues from pesticides applied under controlled conditions in the field during rice processing.

    PubMed

    Pareja, Lucía; Colazzo, Marcos; Pérez-Parada, Andrés; Besil, Natalia; Heinzen, Horacio; Böcking, Bernardo; Cesio, Verónica; Fernández-Alba, Amadeo R

    2012-05-09

    The results of an experiment to study the occurrence and distribution of pesticide residues during rice cropping and processing are reported. Four herbicides, nine fungicides, and two insecticides (azoxystrobin, byspiribac-sodium, carbendazim, clomazone, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, isoprothiolane, kresoxim-methyl, propanil, quinclorac, tebuconazole, thiamethoxam, tricyclazole, trifloxystrobin, λ-cyhalotrin) were applied to an isolated rice-crop plot under controlled conditions, during the 2009-2010 cropping season in Uruguay. Paddy rice was harvested and industrially processed to brown rice, white rice, and rice bran, which were analyzed for pesticide residues using the original QuEChERS methodology and its citrate variation by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The distribution of pesticide residues was uneven among the different matrices. Ten different pesticide residues were found in paddy rice, seven in brown rice, and eight in rice bran. The highest concentrations were detected in paddy rice. These results provide information regarding the fate of pesticides in the rice food chain and its safety for consumers.

  5. Contacts in the Office of Pesticide Programs, Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Contact the Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division (PRD) about registration review and reregistration follow up (including post-RED activities, product reregistration, and implementing certain tolerance reassessment decisions) for conventional pesticides.

  6. 78 FR 53039 - Pyraclostrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-28

    ... behavior changes were not observed. In the rat developmental toxicity study, developmental toxicity... requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical... result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue...

  7. 78 FR 8407 - Endosulfan; Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-06

    ..., food manufacturers, or pesticide manufacturers. The following list of North American Industrial... (NAICS code 111). Animal Production (NAICS code 112). Food Manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide... statutory standards of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) section 408. EPA may in the future...

  8. Dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on apple (Malus domestica) and soil--a multi location study from north western Himalayan region.

    PubMed

    Patyal, S K; Sharma, I D; Chandel, R S; Dubey, J K

    2013-08-01

    A new combinational fungicide formulation trifloxystrobin 25%+tebuconazole 50% (Nativo 75WG), introduced as a part of resistance management strategy, was studied for dissipation behaviour on apple fruits. Nativo 75WG was sprayed twice at the rate of 400 g and 800 g a.i. ha(-1) equal to trifloxystrobin application rate of 100 and 200 g a.i. ha(-1) and tebuconazole at application rate of 200 and 400 g a.i. ha(-1) at four different locations in the Northwest Himalayan region of India. The fruit samples collected at 10d interval and soil samples taken at harvest time were analyzed after second spray. The residual concentrations of trifloxystrobin, its acid metabolite CGA 321113 and tebuconazole were measured. Residues of both fungicides were determined by using gas chromatograph, Agilent 6890N having electron capture detector. The mean initial deposits of trifloxystrobin at four locations were found to be in the range of 0.333-0.387 mg kg(-1) and 0.512-0.714 mg kg(-1) at the application rate of 100 and 200 g a.i. ha(-1), and half-life were found between 19.38-24.93 d and 19.84-28.86 d at the respective doses. The Σ-trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole residues were below determination limit in 40 d apple fruits and soil samples. Initial deposits of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole were below their Codex MRLs at the respective single doses. The half life value of the tebuconazole deposits ranged between 19.38-25.99 d and 19.84-28.86 d at the respective single and double dose. The study thus suggests 1d pre harvest interval for safe consumption of apple fruit after the application of Nativo 75 WG at single dose. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. 40 CFR 180.144 - Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.144 Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for combined...

  10. 40 CFR 180.144 - Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.144 Cyhexatin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for combined...

  11. 40 CFR 180.231 - Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.231 Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

  12. 40 CFR 180.496 - Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.496 Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues. Tolerances are established for combined residues of the...

  13. 40 CFR 180.602 - Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.602 Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

  14. 40 CFR 180.407 - Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.407 Thiodicarb; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

  15. 40 CFR 180.410 - Triadimefon; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.410 Triadimefon; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

  16. 40 CFR 180.604 - Mepanipyrim; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) Import tolerances. Tolerances are established for the combined residues of mepanipyrim, 4-methyl-N-phenyl...

  17. 40 CFR 180.231 - Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.231 Dichlobenil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

  18. 40 CFR 180.596 - Fosthiazate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.596 Fosthiazate; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined...

  19. 40 CFR 180.496 - Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.496 Thiazopyr; tolerances for residues. Tolerances are established for combined residues of the...

  20. 40 CFR 180.604 - Mepanipyrim; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) Import tolerances. Tolerances are established for the combined residues of mepanipyrim, 4-methyl-N-phenyl...

  1. 40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The tolerances expire on the date specified in the table. Commodity Parts per million Expiration date Basil...

  2. Particle size distributions of currently used pesticides in ambient air of an agricultural Mediterranean area

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Coscollà, Clara; Muñoz, Amalia; Borrás, Esther; Vera, Teresa; Ródenas, Milagros; Yusà, Vicent

    2014-10-01

    This work presents first data on the particle size distribution of 16 pesticides currently used in Mediterranean agriculture in the atmosphere. Particulate matter air samples were collected using a cascade impactor distributed into four size fractions in a rural site of Valencia Region, during July to September in 2012 and from May to July in 2013. A total of 16 pesticides were detected, including six fungicides, seven insecticides and three herbicides. The total concentrations in the particulate phase (TSP: Total Suspended Particulate) ranged from 3.5 to 383.1 pg m-3. Most of the pesticides (such as carbendazim, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos-ethyl and chlorpyrifos-methyl) were accumulated in the ultrafine-fine (<1 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) particle size fractions. Others like omethoate, dimethoate and malathion were presented only in the ultrafine-fine size fraction (<1 μm). Finally, diuron, diphenylamine and terbuthylazine-desethyl-2-OH also show a bimodal distribution but mainly in the coarse size fractions.

  3. Test Guidelines for Pesticides and Toxic Substances

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Documents that specify methods EPA recommends to generate data submitted to EPA to support the registration of a pesticide, setting of a tolerance or tolerance exemption for pesticide residues, or the decision making process for an industrial chemical.

  4. 40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities, resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to FFIFRA section 18 emergency exemptions. The... Basil, dried 240 12/31/15 Basil, fresh 20 12/31/15 (c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved...

  5. 40 CFR 180.498 - Sulfentrazone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Parts per million Asparagus 0.15 Bean, lima, succulent 0.15 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.20... pesticide under section 18 emergency exemptions granted by EPA. Compliance with the tolerance levels...

  6. The role of gibberellins in improving the resistance of tebuconazole-coated maize seeds to chilling stress by microencapsulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Lijuan; Yang, Daibin; Yan, Xiaojing; Cui, Li; Wang, Zhenying; Yuan, Huizhu

    2016-11-01

    Chilling stress during germination often causes severe injury. In the present study, maize seed germination and shoot growth under chilling stress were negatively correlated with the dose of tebuconazole in an exponential manner as predicted by the model Y = A + B × e(-x/k). Microencapsulation was an effective means of eliminating potential phytotoxic risk. The gibberellins (GAs) contents were higher after microencapsulation treatment than after conventional treatment when the dose of tebuconazole was higher than 0.12 g AI (active ingredient) kg-1 seed. Further analysis indicated that microencapsulation can stimulate ent-kaurene oxidase (KO) activity to some extent, whereas GA 3-oxidase (GA3ox) and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) activities remained similar to those in the control. Genes encoding GA metabolic enzymes exhibited different expression patterns. Transcript levels of ZmKO1 increased in the microcapsule treatments compared to the control. Even when incorporated into microcapsules, tebuconazole led to the upregulation of ZmGA3ox1 at doses of less than 0.12 g AI kg-1 seed and to the upregulation of ZmGA3ox2 when the dose was higher than 0.12 g AI kg-1 seed. With increasing doses of microencapsulated tebuconazole, the transcript levels of ZmGA2ox4, ZmGA2ox5 and ZmGA2ox6 exhibited upward trends, whereas the transcript levels of ZmGA2ox7 exhibited a downward trend.

  7. Biodegradation of high doses of commercial pesticide products in pilot-scale biobeds using olive-oil agroindustry wastes.

    PubMed

    Delgado-Moreno, L; Nogales, R; Romero, E

    2017-12-15

    Biobeds systems containing soil, peat and straw (SPS) are used worldwide to eliminate pesticide point-source contamination, but implantation is difficult when peat and/or straw are not available. Novel biobeds composed of soil, olive pruning and wet olive mill cake (SCPr) or its vermicompost (SVPr) were assayed at pilot scale for its use in olive grove areas. Their removal efficiency for five pesticides applied at high concentration was compared with the biobed with SPS. The effect of a grass layer on the efficiency of these biobeds was also evaluated. Pesticides were retained mainly in the upper layer. In non-planted biobeds with SCPr and SVPr, pesticides dissipation was higher than in SPS, except for diuron. In the biobed with SVPr, with the highest pesticide dissipation capacity, the removed amount of dimethoate, imidacloprid, tebuconazole, diuron and oxyfluorfen was 100, 80, 73, 75 and 50%, respectively. The grass layer enhanced dehydrogenase and diphenol-oxidase activities, modified the pesticides dissipation kinetics and favored the pesticide downward movement. One metabolite of imidacloprid, 3 of oxyfluorfen and 4 of diuron were identified by GC-MS. These novel biobeds represent an alternative to the traditional one and a contribution to promote a circular economy for the olive-oil production. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. 40 CFR 180.245 - Streptomycin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Streptomycin; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.245 Streptomycin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for...

  9. 40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.637 Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues...

  10. 40 CFR 180.245 - Streptomycin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Streptomycin; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.245 Streptomycin; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for...

  11. 40 CFR 180.315 - Methamidophos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Methamidophos; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.315 Methamidophos; tolerances for residues. (a) Tolerances are established for residues of the...

  12. 40 CFR 180.425 - Clomazone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Clomazone; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.425 Clomazone; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

  13. 40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.601 Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

  14. 40 CFR 180.478 - Rimsulfuron; tolerances for residues

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Rimsulfuron; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.478 Rimsulfuron; tolerances for residues (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

  15. 40 CFR 180.433 - Fomesafen; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fomesafen; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.433 Fomesafen; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

  16. 40 CFR 180.627 - Fluopicolide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fluopicolide; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.627 Fluopicolide; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of...

  17. 40 CFR 180.603 - Dinotefuran; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Dinotefuran; tolerances for residues...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.603 Dinotefuran; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues...

  18. Pesticide monitoring in surface water and groundwater using passive samplers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kodes, V.; Grabic, R.

    2009-04-01

    Passive samplers as screening devices have been used within a czech national water quality monitoring network since 2002 (SPMD and DGT samplers for non polar substances and metals). The passive sampler monitoring of surface water was extended to polar substances, in 2005. Pesticide and pharmaceutical POCIS samplers have been exposed in surface water at 21 locations and analysed for polar pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, personal care products and pharmaceuticals. Pesticide POCIS samplers in groundwater were exposed at 5 locations and analysed for polar pesticides. The following active substances of plant protection products were analyzed in surface water and groundwater using LC/MS/MS: 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, Acetochlor, Alachlor, Atrazine, Atrazine_desethyl, Azoxystrobin, Bentazone, Bromacil, Bromoxynil, Carbofuran, Clopyralid, Cyanazin, Desmetryn, Diazinon, Dicamba, Dichlobenil, Dichlorprop, Dimethoat, Diuron, Ethofumesate, Fenarimol, Fenhexamid, Fipronil, Fluazifop-p-butyl, Hexazinone, Chlorbromuron, Chlorotoluron, Imazethapyr, Isoproturon, Kresoxim-methyl, Linuron, MCPA, MCPP, Metalaxyl, Metamitron, Methabenzthiazuron, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Metobromuron, Metolachlor, Metoxuron, Metribuzin, Monolinuron, Nicosulfuron, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosphamidon, Prometryn, Propiconazole, Propyzamide, Pyridate, Rimsulfuron, Simazine, Tebuconazole, Terbuthylazine, Terbutryn, Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thiophanate-methyl and Tri-allate. The POCIS samplers performed very well being able to provide better picture than grab samples. The results show that polar pesticides and also perfluorinated compounds, personal care products and pharmaceuticals as well occur in hydrosphere of the Czech republic. Acknowledgment: Authors acknowledge the financial support of grant No. 2B06095 by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.

  19. Occurrence of pesticides in water and sediment collected from amphibian habitats located throughout the United States, 2009-10

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Smalling, Kelly L.; Orlando, James L.; Calhoun, Daniel; Battaglin, William A.; Kuivila, Kathryn

    2012-01-01

    herbicides, 4 insecticides, 1 synergist, and 2 pesticide degradates. On a national scale, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), the primary degradate of the herbicide glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in Roundup®, was the most frequently detected pesticide in water (16 of 54 samples) followed by glyphosate (8 of 54 samples). The maximum number of pesticides observed at a single site was nine compounds in a water sample from a site in Louisiana. The maximum concentration of a pesticide or degradate observed in water was 2,880 nanograms per liter of clomazone (a herbicide) at a site in Louisiana. In California, a total of eight pesticides were detected among all of the low and high elevation sites; AMPA was the most frequently detected pesticide, but glyphosate was detected at the highest concentrations (1.1 micrograms per liter). Bed-sediment samples were analyzed for 94 pesticides by using accelerated solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatography for sulfur removal, and carbon/alumina stacked solid-phase extraction cartridges to remove interfering sediment matrices. In bed sediment, 22 pesticides were detected in one or more of the samples, including 9 fungicides, 3 pyrethroid insecticides, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and its major degradates, as well as several herbicides. Pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin fungicide, and bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, were detected most frequently. Maximum pesticide concentrations ranged from less than their respective method detection limits to 1,380 micrograms per kilogram (tebuconazole in California). The number of pesticides detected in samples from each site ranged from zero to six compounds. The sites with the greatest number of pesticides were in Maine and Oregon with six pesticides detected in one sample from each state, followed by Georgia with four pesticides in one sample. For California, a total of 10 pesticides were detected among all sites, and 4 pesticides were detected at both low and high

  20. Setting Tolerances for Pesticide Residues in Foods

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Pesticides are widely used in producing food and may remain in small amounts in or on fruits, vegetables, grains, and other foods. EPA ensures the safety of the food supply regulating the amount of pesticide that may remain on food. Learn how we do this.

  1. 40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zero tolerances. 180.5 Section 180.5... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.5 Zero tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw...

  2. 40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zero tolerances. 180.5 Section 180.5... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.5 Zero tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw...

  3. 40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zero tolerances. 180.5 Section 180.5... EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Definitions and Interpretative Regulations § 180.5 Zero tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw...

  4. Comparison of a new air-assisted sprayer and two conventional sprayers in terms of deposition, loss to the soil and residue of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole applied to sunlit greenhouse tomato and field cucumber.

    PubMed

    Li, Yanjie; Li, Yifan; Pan, Xiang; Li, Qing X; Chen, Ronghua; Li, Xuesheng; Pan, Canping; Song, Jianli

    2018-02-01

    Plant protection products (PPPs) are applied in China and many other developing countries with knapsack sprayers at high volumes with coarse spray quality, resulting in a high percentage of pesticide losses. In this study, a new air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer and two conventional knapsack sprayers were evaluated in terms of pesticide deposition, residues and loss into the soil. Artificial targets fixed to the upper side and underside of the leaf surface in six zones (at two depths and three heights) were used to collect the deposition, which were analyzed by liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. The air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer produced more deposition and better penetrability and uniformity than the two traditional spraying methods. In particular, the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer reduced pesticide losses to the soil by roughly 37% to 75% and deposited 1.18 and 1.24 times more pesticide than the manual air-pressure and battery-powered knapsack sprayers, respectively. The residues of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole in tomato and cucumber were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). In general, use of the the air-assisted electric knapsack sprayer in tomato and cucumber crops could improve the effectiveness of PPPs, reduce the risk of contamination and protect food safety. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  5. 40 CFR 180.1127 - Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Biochemical pesticide plant floral... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1127 Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds...

  6. 40 CFR 180.1127 - Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Biochemical pesticide plant floral... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1127 Biochemical pesticide plant floral volatile attractant compounds...

  7. 40 CFR 180.101 - Specific tolerances; general provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per one million parts by weight of the raw agricultural commodity. (b) The poisonous and deleterious... used for determining whether pesticide residues, including negligible residues, in or on raw...

  8. 40 CFR 180.101 - Specific tolerances; general provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per one million parts by weight of the raw agricultural commodity. (b) The poisonous and deleterious... used for determining whether pesticide residues, including negligible residues, in or on raw...

  9. 40 CFR 180.499 - Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... for residues. 180.499 Section 180.499 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.499 Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are...

  10. 40 CFR 180.499 - Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... for residues. 180.499 Section 180.499 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.499 Propamocarb hydrochloride, tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are...

  11. Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles

    PubMed Central

    Spiroux de Vendômois, Joël; Séralini, Gilles-Eric

    2014-01-01

    Pesticides are used throughout the world as mixtures called formulations. They contain adjuvants, which are often kept confidential and are called inerts by the manufacturing companies, plus a declared active principle, which is usually tested alone. We tested the toxicity of 9 pesticides, comparing active principles and their formulations, on three human cell lines (HepG2, HEK293, and JEG3). Glyphosate, isoproturon, fluroxypyr, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and prochloraz constitute, respectively, the active principles of 3 major herbicides, 3 insecticides, and 3 fungicides. We measured mitochondrial activities, membrane degradations, and caspases 3/7 activities. Fungicides were the most toxic from concentrations 300–600 times lower than agricultural dilutions, followed by herbicides and then insecticides, with very similar profiles in all cell types. Despite its relatively benign reputation, Roundup was among the most toxic herbicides and insecticides tested. Most importantly, 8 formulations out of 9 were up to one thousand times more toxic than their active principles. Our results challenge the relevance of the acceptable daily intake for pesticides because this norm is calculated from the toxicity of the active principle alone. Chronic tests on pesticides may not reflect relevant environmental exposures if only one ingredient of these mixtures is tested alone. PMID:24719846

  12. 40 CFR 180.501 - Hydroprene; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hydroprene; tolerances for residues. 180.501 Section 180.501 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.501 Hydroprene; tolerances for residues. (a)...

  13. 40 CFR 180.371 - Thiophanate-methyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... residues. 180.371 Section 180.371 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.371 Thiophanate-methyl; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for...

  14. 40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-carbonitrile, calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, resulting from use of the pesticide... in the table. Commodity Parts per million Expiration/revocation date Basil, dried 144 12/31/14 Basil...

  15. Simultaneous analysis of pesticides from different chemical classes by using a derivatisation step and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Raeppel, Caroline; Nief, Marie; Fabritius, Marie; Racault, Lucie; Appenzeller, Brice M; Millet, Maurice

    2011-11-04

    This work presents a new method to analyse simultaneously by GC-MS 31 pesticides from different chemical classes (2,4 D, 2,4 MCPA, alphacypermethrin, bifenthrin, bromoxynil, buprofezin, carbaryl, carbofuran, clopyralid, cyprodinil, deltamethrin dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, diflufenican, diuron, fenoxaprop, flazasulfuron, fluroxypyr, ioxynil, isoxaben, mecoprop-P, myclobutanil, oryzalin, oxadiazon, picloram, tau-fluvalinate tebuconazole, triclopyr, trifluralin and trinexapac-p-ethyl). This GC-MS method will be applied to the analysis of passive samplers (Tenax(®) tubes and SPME fiber) used for the evaluation of the indoor and outdoor atmospheric contamination by non-agricultural pesticides. The method involves a derivatisation step for thermo-labile or polar pesticides. Different agents were tested and MtBSTFA (N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide), a sylilation agent producing very specific fragments [M-57], was retained. However, diuron could not be derivatised and the isocyanate product was used for identification and quantification. Pesticides which did not need a derivatisation step were not affected by the presence of the derivatisation agent and they could easily be analysed in mixture with derivatised pesticides. The method can be coupled to a thermal-desorption unit or to SPME extraction for a multiresidue analysis of various pesticides in atmospheric samples. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. 40 CFR 180.637 - Mandipropamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 200 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean..., in or on the commodities listed in the table below resulting from use of the pesticide pursuant to...

  17. The Potential of Graphene as an Adsorbent for Five Pesticides from Different Classes in Rape Oil Samples Using Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction.

    PubMed

    Madej, Katarzyna; Janiga, Katarzyna; Piekoszewski, Wojciech

    2018-01-01

    Isolation conditions for five pesticides (metazachlor, tebuconazole, λ -cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and deltamethrin) from rape oil samples were examined using the dispersive solid-phase graphene extraction technique. To determine the optimal extraction conditions, a number of experimental factors (amount of graphene, amount of salt, type and volume of the desorbing solvent, desorption time with and without sonication energy, and temperature during desorption) were studied. The compounds of interest were separated and detected by an HPLC-UV employing a Kinetex XB-C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water flowing in a gradient mode. The optimized extraction conditions were: the amount of graphene 15 mg, desorbing solvent (acetonitrile) 5 mL, time desorption 10 min at 40°C, and amount of NaCl 1 g. The detection limit for metazachlor, tebuconazole, λ -cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos was 62.5 ng·g -1 , and for deltamethrin, it was 500 ng·g -1 . The obtained results lead to the conclusion that graphene may be successfully used for the isolation of the five pesticides from rape oil. However, their determination at low concentration levels, as they occur in real oil samples, requires the employment of appropriately highly sensitive analytical methods, as well as a more suitable graphene form (e.g., magnetically modified graphene).

  18. 40 CFR 180.278 - Phenmedipham; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the herbicide phenmedipham (3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3′-methylcarbanilate) in or...

  19. 40 CFR 180.537 - Isoxaflutole; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of isoxaflutole 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl) isoxazole and...

  20. 40 CFR 180.537 - Isoxaflutole; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of isoxaflutole 5-cyclopropyl-4-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl) isoxazole and...

  1. 40 CFR 180.278 - Phenmedipham; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the herbicide phenmedipham (3-methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3′-methylcarbanilate) in or...

  2. Health risk for children and adults consuming apples with pesticide residue.

    PubMed

    Lozowicka, Bozena

    2015-01-01

    The presence of pesticide residues in apples raises serious health concerns, especially when the fresh fruits are consumed by children, particularly vulnerable to the pesticide hazards. This study demonstrates the results from nine years of investigation (2005-2013) of 696 samples of Polish apples for 182 pesticides using gas and liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric techniques. Only 33.5% of the samples did not contain residues above the limit of detection. In 66.5% of the samples, 34 pesticides were detected, of which maximum residue level (MRL) was exceeded in 3%. Multiple residues were present in 35% of the samples with two to six pesticides, and one sample contained seven compounds. A study of the health risk for children, adults and the general population consuming apples with these pesticides was performed. The pesticide residue data have been combined with the consumption of apples in the 97.5 percentile and the mean diet. A deterministic model was used to assess the chronic and acute exposures that are based on the average and high concentrations of residues. Additionally, the "worst-case scenario" and "optimistic case scenario" were used to assess the chronic risk. In certain cases, the total dietary pesticide intake calculated from the residue levels observed in apples exceeds the toxicological criteria. Children were the group most exposed to the pesticides, and the greatest short-term hazard stemmed from flusilazole at 624%, dimethoate at 312%, tebuconazole at 173%, and chlorpyrifos methyl and captan with 104% Acute Reference Dose (ARfD) each. In the cumulative chronic exposure, among the 17 groups of compounds studied, organophosphate insecticides constituted 99% acceptable daily intake (ADI). The results indicate that the occurrence of pesticide residues in apples could not be considered a serious public health problem. Nevertheless, an investigation into continuous monitoring and tighter regulation of pesticide residues is recommended

  3. Effects of single pesticides and binary pesticide mixtures on estrone production in H295R cells.

    PubMed

    Prutner, Wiebke; Nicken, Petra; Haunhorst, Eberhard; Hamscher, Gerd; Steinberg, Pablo

    2013-12-01

    The aim of the present study was to determine whether the human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line H295R can be used as an in vitro test system to investigate the effects of binary pesticide combinations on estrone production as biological endpoint. In the first step ten pesticides selected according to a tiered approach were tested individually. The anilinopyrimidines cyprodinil and pyrimethanil as well as the dicarboximides iprodione and procymidone increased estrone concentration, while the triazoles myclobutanil and tebuconazole as well as the strobilurins azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl decreased estrone concentration in the supernatant of H295R cells. The N-methylcarbamate methomyl did not show any effects, and the phthalimide captan reduced estrone concentration unspecifically due to its detrimental impact on cellular viability. When cyprodinil and pyrimethanil, which belong to the same chemical group and increase estrone production, were combined, in most of the cases the overall effect was solely determined by the most potent compound in the mixture (i.e., cyprodinil). When cyprodinil and procymidone, which belong to different chemical groups but increase estrone production, were combined, in most cases an additive effect was observed. When cyprodinil, which increased estrone production, was combined with either myclobutanil or azoxystrobin, which decreased estrone production, the overall effect of the mixture was in most cases either entirely determined by myclobutanil or at least partially modulated by azoxystrobin. In conclusion, H295R cells appear to be an adequate in vitro test system to study the effect of combining two pesticides affecting estrone production.

  4. Residue decline and risk assessment of fluopyram + tebuconazole (400SC) in/on onion (Allium cepa).

    PubMed

    Patel, Badal V; Chawla, Suchi; Gor, Hetal; Upadhyay, Payal; Parmar, Kaushik D; Patel, Anil R; Shah, Paresh G

    2016-10-01

    A method was validated for estimating fluopyram and tebuconazole in onion on LC-MS/MS using dispersive QuEChERS. Three sprays of a combination fungicide fluopyram + tebuconazole (Luna experience, 400 SC) were applied @ 75 + 75 and 150 + 150 g a.i. ha -1 at an interval of 10 days on onion using Knapsack sprayer. First spray was made at bulb setting stage. Spring onion samples were drawn at 0 (1 h), 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 days and matured onion bulb at harvest (52 days) after the last spray. Soil samples were also drawn at harvest. Foliar application of the combination product resulted in 1.14 and 2.86 mg kg -1 fluopyram residues on spring onion at standard and double dose, respectively, one hour after the last application. The levels of fluopyram residues gradually declined and recorded 0.25 and 0.58 mg kg -1 on 20th day of application with half-lives of 8.8 and 9.1 days at standard and double dose, respectively. For tebuconazole, the corresponding residues observed after 1 h (0 day) of application were 0.92 and 2.29 mg kg -1 . The levels declined gradually to 0.12 and 0.33 mg kg -1 on 20th days with half-life of 6.7 to 7.7 days at standard and double dose, respectively. Here, we are proposing a pre-harvest interval of 7 day for fluopyram and tebuconazole in spring onion when applied at 75 + 75 g a.i. ha -1 (400 SC). Risk assessment was done by calculating hazard quotient and by comparing theoretical maximum residue intake (TMRI) with maximum permissible intake (MPI). In all the cases, results of the study showed that HQ (Hazard Quotient) ≤1 and TMDI < MPI. Hence, the use of this combination product can be recommended with pre harvest interval of 7 days. The data can be used in establishing MRLs (maximum residue limits) for spring onion after considering multilocation trials.

  5. 40 CFR 180.556 - Pymetrozine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... these raw agricultural commodities. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.04 Brassica, head and stem...

  6. 40 CFR 180.556 - Pymetrozine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... these raw agricultural commodities. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.04 Brassica, head and stem...

  7. 40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215... commodities, except those otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

  8. 40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215... commodities, except those otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

  9. 40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215... commodities, except those otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved] (c) Tolerances with regional...

  10. 40 CFR 180.300 - Ethephon; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Ethephon; tolerances for residues. 180.300 Section 180.300 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.300...

  11. High frequency monitoring of pesticides in runoff water from a vineyard: ecotoxicological and hysteresis pattern analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lefrancq, Marie; Jadas-Hécart, Alain; La Jeunesse, Isabelle; Landry, David; Payraudeau, Sylvain

    2017-04-01

    Rainfall-induced peaks in pesticide concentrations can occur rapidly; therefore, low frequency sampling may largely underestimate maximum pesticide concentrations and fluxes. Detailed storm-based sampling of pesticide concentrations in runoff water to better predict pesticide sources, transport pathways and toxicity within the headwater catchments is actually lacking. High frequency monitoring (2 min) of dissolved concentrations and loads for seven pesticides (Dimetomorph, Fluopicolide, Glyphosate, Iprovalicarb, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole and Triadimenol) and one degradation product (AMPA) were assessed for 20 runoff events from 2009 to 2012 at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in the Layon catchment in France. The pesticide concentrations reached 387 µg/L. All of the runoff events exceeded the mandated acceptable concentrations of 0.1 µg/L for each pesticide (European directive 2013/39/EC). High resolution sampling used to detect the peak pesticide levels revealed that Toxic Units (TU) for algae, invertebrates and fish often exceeded the European Uniform principles (25%). The instantaneous and average (time or discharge-weighted) concentrations indicated an up to 30- or 4-fold underestimation of the TU obtained when measuring the maximum concentrations, respectively, highlighting the important role of the sampling methods for assessing peak exposure. High resolution sampling combined with concentration-discharge hysteresis analyses revealed that clockwise responses were predominant (52%), indicating that Hortonian runoff is the prevailing surface runoff trigger mechanism in the study catchment. The hysteresis patterns for suspended solids and pesticides were highly dynamic and storm- and chemical-dependent. Intense rainfall events induced stronger C-Q hysteresis (magnitude). This study provides new insights into the complexity of pesticide dynamics in runoff water and highlights the ability of hysteresis analysis to improve the understanding of pesticide

  12. Pesticide load dynamics during stormwater flow events in Mediterranean coastal streams: Alexander stream case study.

    PubMed

    Topaz, Tom; Egozi, Roey; Eshel, Gil; Chefetz, Benny

    2018-06-01

    Cultivated land is a major source of pesticides, which are transported with the runoff water and eroded soil during rainfall events and pollute riverine and estuarine environments. Common ecotoxicological assessments of riverine systems are mainly based on water sampling and analysis of only the dissolved phase, and address a single pesticide's toxicological impact under laboratory conditions. A clear overview of mixtures of pesticides in the adsorbed and dissolved phases is missing, and therefore the full ecotoxicological impact is not fully addressed. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify pesticide concentrations in both suspended sediment and dissolved phases, to provide a better understanding of pesticide-load dynamics during storm events in coastal streams in a Mediterranean climate. High-resolution sampling campaigns of seven flood events were conducted during two rainy seasons in Alexander stream, Israel. Samples of suspended sediments were separated from the solution and both media were analyzed separately for 250 pesticides. A total of 63 pesticides were detected; 18 and 16 pesticides were found solely in the suspended sediments and solution, respectively. Significant differences were observed among the pesticide groups: only 7% of herbicide, 20% of fungicide and 42% of insecticide load was transported with the suspended sediments. However, in both dissolved and adsorbed phases, a mix of pesticides was found which were graded from "mobile" to "non-mobile" with varied distribution coefficients. Diuron, and tebuconazole were frequently found in large quantities in both phases. Whereas insecticide and fungicide transport is likely governed by application time and method, the governing factor for herbicide load was the magnitude of the stream discharge. The results show a complex dynamic of pesticide load affected by excessive use of pesticides, which should be taken into consideration when designing projects to monitor riverine and estuarine

  13. 40 CFR 180.467 - Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues. 180.467 Section 180.467 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.467 Carbon disulfide; tolerances for...

  14. 40 CFR 180.467 - Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues. 180.467 Section 180.467 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.467 Carbon disulfide; tolerances for...

  15. 40 CFR 180.467 - Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Carbon disulfide; tolerances for residues. 180.467 Section 180.467 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.467 Carbon disulfide; tolerances for...

  16. 40 CFR 180.284 - Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues. 180.284 Section 180.284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.284 Zinc phosphide; tolerances for...

  17. 40 CFR 180.284 - Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues. 180.284 Section 180.284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.284 Zinc phosphide; tolerances for...

  18. 40 CFR 180.284 - Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zinc phosphide; tolerances for residues. 180.284 Section 180.284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.284 Zinc phosphide; tolerances for...

  19. 40 CFR 180.455 - Procymidone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... following raw agricultural commodity: Commodity Parts per million Grape, wine 5.0 [59 FR 42514, Aug. 18...

  20. 40 CFR 180.461 - Cadusafos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... nematicide/insecticide cadusafos, O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate, in or on the following raw...

  1. 40 CFR 180.243 - Propazine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the herbicide propazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine in or on the following raw...

  2. 40 CFR 180.461 - Cadusafos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... nematicide/insecticide cadusafos, O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate, in or on the following raw...

  3. 40 CFR 180.455 - Procymidone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... following raw agricultural commodity: Commodity Parts per million Grape, wine 5.0 [59 FR 42514, Aug. 18...

  4. 40 CFR 180.648 - Meptyldinocap; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the fungicide meptyldinocap, 2-(1-methylheptyl)-4,6-dinitrophenyl (2E)-2-butenoate and...

  5. 40 CFR 180.648 - Meptyldinocap; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the fungicide meptyldinocap, 2-(1-methylheptyl)-4,6-dinitrophenyl (2E)-2-butenoate and...

  6. 40 CFR 180.553 - Fenhexamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 2.0 Almond 0.02 Asparagus 0...

  7. The use of pesticides in Belgian illicit indoor cannabis plantations.

    PubMed

    Cuypers, Eva; Vanhove, Wouter; Gotink, Joachim; Bonneure, Arne; Van Damme, Patrick; Tytgat, Jan

    2017-08-01

    Cannabis (Cannabis spp.) use and cultivation continue to increase in many (European) countries. The illicit indoor cannabis plantations that supply Belgian and European cannabis markets create problems and concerns about health and safety of intervention staff, dismantling companies, the direct environment of cannabis plantations and, eventually, of cannabis users. Main risks may come from pesticide residues on plants, cultivation infrastructure and materials; left-over plant growth-promoting substances; mycotoxins from fungal pathogens on harvested plants; and/or high levels of cannabinoids in cannabis plant parts for consumption. In the present research, we report on pesticides found in illicit indoor cannabis plantations in Belgium. EN15662 QuEChERS extraction method and LC-MS/MS analysis were used to identify pesticides in indoor cannabis plantations and thus to evaluate the hazards associated with the use, cultivation and removal of cannabis plants in plantations as well as with dismantling activities in the cultivation rooms. We found pesticides in 64.3% of 72 cannabis plant samples and in 65.2% of 46 carbon filter cloth samples. Overall, 19 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes were identified. We found o-phenylphenol, bifenazate, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, propamocarb, propiconazole and tebuconazole, which is consistent with the commonly reported pesticides from literature. In only a few cases, pesticides found in bottles with a commercial label, were also identified in plant or stagnant water samples collected from the growth rooms where the bottles had been collected. We further revealed that, even though most pesticides have a low volatility, they could be detected from the carbon filters hanging at the ceiling of cultivation rooms. As a result, it is likely that pesticides also prevail in the plantation atmosphere during and after cultivation. The risk of inhaling the latter pesticides increases when plants sprayed with pesticides are

  8. 40 CFR 180.602 - Spiroxamine; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-methanamine) in or on the commodities. Commodity Parts per million Artichoke, globe, import 1 0.7 Asparagus 1...

  9. Analysis of pesticides in surface water, stemflow, and throughfall in an agricultural area in South Georgia, USA.

    PubMed

    Glinski, Donna A; Purucker, S Thomas; Van Meter, Robin J; Black, Marsha C; Henderson, W Matthew

    2018-06-18

    To study spray drift contributions to non-targeted habitats, pesticide concentrations in stemflow (water flowing down the trunk of a tree during a rain event), throughfall (water from tree canopy only), and surface water in an agriculturally impacted wetland area near Tifton, Georgia, USA were measured (2015-2016). Agricultural fields and sampling locations were on the University of Georgia's Gibbs Research Farm, Tifton, GA. Samples were screened for more than 160 pesticides, and cumulatively, 32 different pesticides were detected across matrices. Data indicate that herbicides and fungicides were present in all types of environmental samples analyzed while insecticides were only detected in surface water samples. The highest pesticide concentration observed was 10.50 μg/L of metolachlor in an August 2015 surface water sample. Metolachlor, tebuconazole, and fipronil were the most frequently detected herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide, respectively, regardless of sample origin. The most frequently detected pesticide in surface water and stemflow samples was metolachlor (0.09-10.5 μg/L), however, the most commonly detected pesticide in throughfall samples was biphenyl (0.02-0.07 μg/L). These data help determine the importance of indirect chemical exposures to non-targeted habitats by assessing inputs from stemflow and throughfall into surface waters. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Evaluation of hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides and their tolerant microorganisms from an agricultural soil to define its bioremediation feasibility.

    PubMed

    Islas-García, Alejandro; Vega-Loyo, Libia; Aguilar-López, Ricardo; Xoconostle-Cázares, Beatriz; Rodríguez-Vázquez, Refugio

    2015-01-01

    The concentrations of hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), nutrients and tolerant microorganisms in an agricultural soil from a locality in Tepeaca, Puebla, Mexico, were determined to define its feasibility for bioremediation. The OCPs detected were heptachlor, aldrin, trans-chlordane, endosulfán I, endosulfán II, 1,1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-trichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene (4,4'-DDE) and endrin aldehyde, with values of 0.69-30.81 ng g(-1). The concentration of hydrocarbons in the soil of Middle Hydrocarbons Fraction (MHF), C10 to C28, was 4608-27,748 mg kg(-1) and 1117-19,610 mg kg(-1) for Heavy Hydrocarbons Fraction (HHF), C28 to C35, due to an oil spill from the rupture of a pipeline. The soil was deficient in nitrogen (0.03-0.07%) and phosphorus (0 ppm), and therefore it was advisable to fertilize to bio-stimulate the native microorganisms of soil. In the soil samples, hydrocarbonoclast fungi 3.72 × 10(2) to 44.6 × 10(2) CFU g(-1) d.s. and hydrocarbonoclast bacteria (0.17 × 10(5) to 8.60 × 10(5) CFU g(-1) d.s.) were detected, with a tolerance of 30,000 mg kg(-1) of diesel. Moreover, pesticideclast fungi (5.13 × 10(2) to 42.2 × 10(2) CFU g(-1) d.s.) and pesticideclast bacteria (0.15 × 10(5) to 9.68 × 10(5) CFU g(-1) d.s.) were determined with tolerance to 20 mg kg(-1) of OCPs. Fungi and bacteria tolerant to both pollutants were also quantified. Therefore, native microorganisms had potential to be stimulated to degrade hydrocarbons and pesticides or both pollutants. The concentration of pollutants and the microbial activity analyzed indicated that bioremediation of the soil contaminated with hydrocarbons and pesticides using bio-stimulation of native microorganisms was feasible.

  11. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  12. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  13. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Application excludes any direct application to any food, food packaging, or any food contact surfaces. (v) To...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  14. 40 CFR 180.513 - Chlorfenapyr; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... after each use of the product. (iv) Contamination of food or food contact surfaces shall be avoided...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... residues of chlorfenapyr in or on all food commodities (other than those covered by a higher tolerance as a...

  15. 40 CFR 180.536 - Triazamate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the combined residues of triazamate (RH-7988) ethyl(3-tert-butyl-1-dimethylcarbamoyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol...

  16. 40 CFR 180.536 - Triazamate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the combined residues of triazamate (RH-7988) ethyl(3-tert-butyl-1-dimethylcarbamoyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol...

  17. 40 CFR 180.568 - Flumioxazin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... flumioxazin. Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 3.0 Alfalfa, hay 8.0 Almond, hulls 0.70 Asparagus 0...

  18. 40 CFR 180.568 - Flumioxazin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... flumioxazin. Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 3.0 Alfalfa, hay 8.0 Almond, hulls 0.70 Asparagus 0...

  19. 40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215...

  20. 40 CFR 180.215 - Naled; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... otherwise listed in this section, from use of the pesticide for area pest (mosquito and fly) control. (b... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.215...

  1. 40 CFR 180.458 - Clethodim; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances.... Commodity Parts per million Alfalfa, forage 6.0 Alfalfa, hay 10 Artichoke, globe 1.2 Asparagus 1.7 Bean, dry...

  2. Safe apples for baby-food production: survey of pesticide treatment regimes leaving minimum residues.

    PubMed

    Ticha, Jana; Hajslova, Jana; Kovalczuk, Tomas; Jech, Martin; Honzicek, Jiri; Kocourek, Vladimir; Lansky, Miroslav; Kloutvorova, Jana; Falta, Vladan

    2007-06-01

    A total of 19 pesticide preparations were used according to agricultural practice in six trials in apple orchards. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), premature Golden Delicious apples collected 64, 50, 36 days before harvest and mature fruit were examined for residues of active ingredients. No residues of triflumuron, triazamate, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, fenoxycarb, kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinyl, difenoconazole or thiram were detected in the first sampling. Also, the levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl, penconazole, tebuconazole and tolylfluanid dropped during the pre-harvest interval. Detectable residues of pyridaben, thiacloprid, trifloxystrobin and tetraconazole in harvested fruits were below 0.01 mg kg(-1), which is the maximum concentration of residues acceptable by baby-food producers in any raw material. The only residues exceeding this concentration were captan and teflubenzuron. Based on the data, farmers can choose pesticides for optimal treatment of plants, while enabling growth of a safe crop suitable for baby-food production.

  3. Tolerance of triazole-based fungicides by biocontrol agents used to control Fusarium head blight in wheat in Argentina.

    PubMed

    Palazzini, J M; Torres, A M; Chulze, S N

    2018-05-01

    Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat around the world. Fungicide application and breeding for resistance are among the most important tools to counteract FHB. Biological control is an additional tool that can be used as part of an integrated management of FHB. Bacillus velezensisRC 218, Brevibacillus sp. RC 263 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B were selected by their potential to control FHB and deoxynivalenol production. The aim of this work was to test the tolerance of these biocontrol agents to triazole-based fungicides such as prothioconazole, tebuconazole and metconazole. Bacterial growth was evaluated in Petri dishes using the spread plating technique containing the different fungicides. Bacillus velezensisRC 218 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B showed better tolerance to fungicides than Brevibacillus sp. RC 263. Complete growth inhibition was observed at concentrations of 20 μg ml -1 for metconazole, 40 μg ml -1 for tebuconazole and 80 μg ml -1 for prothioconazole. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using these biocontrol agents in combination with fungicides as part of an integrated management to control FHB of wheat. This study evaluates the possibility to use biocontrol agents (Bacillus velezensisRC 218, Brevibacillus sp. RC 263 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B) in combination with triazole-based fungicides to control Fusarium head blight in wheat. The evaluation of biocontrol agents' growth under in vitro conditions was carried out in Petri dishes containing either prothioconazole, tebuconazole or metconazole. Viability studies demonstrated that B. velezensisRC 218 and Streptomyces sp. RC 87B were more tolerant to the fungicides evaluated. Results obtained reflect the possibility to use fungicides at low doses combined with biocontrol agents. © 2018 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

  4. 40 CFR 180.291 - Pentachloronitrobenzene; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per million Bean 0.1 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.1 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.1 Garlic, bulb...

  5. 40 CFR 180.291 - Pentachloronitrobenzene; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... per million Bean 0.1 Brassica, head and stem, subgroup 5A 0.1 Cotton, undelinted seed 0.1 Garlic, bulb...

  6. 40 CFR 180.425 - Clomazone; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Cotton, undelinted seed 0.05 Cucumber 0.1 Pea, succulent 0.05 Pepper 0.05 Peppermint, tops 0.05 Pumpkin 0...

  7. 40 CFR 180.588 - Quinoxyfen; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Pepper, bell 0.35 Pepper, nonbell 1.7 Pumpkin 0.20 Squash, winter 0.20 Strawberry 0.90 (b) Section 18...

  8. Use of farming and agro-industrial wastes as versatile barriers in reducing pesticide leaching through soil columns.

    PubMed

    Fenoll, J; Ruiz, E; Flores, P; Vela, N; Hellín, P; Navarro, S

    2011-03-15

    Increased interest has been recently focused on assessing the influence of the addition of organic wastes related to movement of pesticides in soils of low organic matter (OM) content. This study reports the effect of two different amendments, animal manure (composted sheep manure) and agro-industrial waste (spent coffee grounds) on the mobility of 10 pesticides commonly used for pepper protection on a clay-loam soil (OM = 0.22%). The tested compounds were azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, hexaconazole, kresoxim-methyl, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, and triadimenol (fungicides), pirimicarb (insecticide), and propyzamide (herbicide). Breakthrough curves were obtained from disturbed soil columns. Cumulative curves obtained from unamended soil show a leaching of all pesticides although in different proportions (12-65% of the total mass of compound applied), showing triadimenol and pirimicarb the higher leachability. Significant correlation (r = 0.93, p<0.01) was found between the observed and bibliographical values of GUS index. The addition of the amendments used drastically reduced the movement of the studied pesticides. Only two pesticides were found in leachates from amended soils, pyrimethanil (<1%) for both, and pirimicarb (44%) in the soil amended with spent coffee grounds. A decrease in pesticide leaching was observed with the increase in dissolved organic matter (DOM) of leachates. The results obtained point to the interest in the use of organic wastes in reducing the pollution of groundwater by pesticide drainage. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. 40 CFR 180.311 - Cacodylic acid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... raw agricultural commodity as follows: Commodity Parts per million Cotton, undelinted seed 2.8 (b...

  10. 40 CFR 180.385 - Diclofop-methyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the herbicide diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoate...

  11. 40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw... raw agricultural commodity may be established because, among other reasons: (a) A safe level of the pesticide chemical in the diet of two different species of warm-blooded animals has not been reliably...

  12. 40 CFR 180.5 - Zero tolerances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... tolerances. A zero tolerance means that no amount of the pesticide chemical may remain on the raw... raw agricultural commodity may be established because, among other reasons: (a) A safe level of the pesticide chemical in the diet of two different species of warm-blooded animals has not been reliably...

  13. 40 CFR 180.324 - Bromoxynil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., stover 0.2 Corn, pop, grain 0.05 Corn, pop, stover 0.2 Flax, seed 0.1 Garlic 0.1 Grain, aspirated...

  14. 40 CFR 180.345 - Ethofumesate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Cattle, meat 0.05 Cattle, meat byproducts 0.05 Garlic 0.25 Goat, fat 0.05 Goat, meat 0.05 Goat, meat...

  15. 40 CFR 180.356 - Norflurazon; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Apricot 0.1 Asparagus 0.05 Avocado 0.20 Blackberry 0.1 Blueberry 0.2 Cattle, fat 0.1 Cattle, liver 0.50...

  16. 40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

  17. 40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

  18. 40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

  19. 40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee, green bean 0.1 None Cranberry 0.1 None Grape 0.1 None...

  20. 40 CFR 180.349 - Fenamiphos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances.../Revocation Date Asparagus 0.02 12/31/09 Beet, garden roots 1.5 12/31/09 Beet, garden, tops 1.0 12/31/09...

  1. 40 CFR 180.328 - Napropamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances....1 4/26/09 Asparagus 0.1 None Avocado 0.1 4/26/09 Basil 0.1 None Berry group 13 0.1 None Coffee...

  2. Need for Tolerances and Tolerance Exemptions for Minimum Risk Pesticides

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The ingredients used in minimum risk products used on food, food crops, food contact surfaces, or animal feed commodities generally have a tolerance or tolerance exemption. Learn about tolerances and tolerance exemptions for minimum risk ingredients.

  3. 40 CFR 180.180 - Orthoarsenic acid; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., 1995, for combined As 2O 3 is established for residues of the defoliant orthoarsenic acid in or on the...

  4. 40 CFR 180.180 - Orthoarsenic acid; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., 1995, for combined As 2O 3 is established for residues of the defoliant orthoarsenic acid in or on the...

  5. Before the curtain falls: endocrine-active pesticides--a German contamination legacy.

    PubMed

    Schulte-Oehlmann, Ulrike; Oehlmann, Jörg; Keil, Florian

    2011-01-01

    The European Parliament recently approved a new EU regulation aimed at eliminating the use of pesticides that have unwanted endocrine-disrupting properties. The test criteria for these chemicals are slated to be finalized by 2013. For this reason, in this review, we have evaluated the meta data of lists and databanks that address pesticides with potentially endocrine-disrupting properties, and have checked which of the 250 active ingredients currently in use in Germany are affected. Azoles, dithio-carbamates/carbamates, and pyrethroids were most frequently rated as endocrine-active ingredients. In Germany, assessments have shown that total environmental pesticide emission is equivalent to approximately 0.1% of total pesticide use.Courtyard drainage and field runoff are regarded to constitute the most important sources of pesticide emission into the aquatic environment. In addition, in several investigations of drinking- and groundwater contamination, various pesticide-active ingredients and their metabolites were confirmed to be contaminants. Water suppliers recorded the following pesticides or their metabolites as being most frequently detected in drinking water: atrazine, desethylatrazine, diuron, simazine, isoproturon,and its dichlobenil metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide. Surface water contamination results mainly from substances that are no longer approved by EU pesticide regulation. The most frequently detected pesticides in streaming waters that are still authorized were bentazone, diuron, glyphosate, isoproturon, MCPA, mecoprop,metamitron, pendimethalin, and tebuconazole. Pesticide residues in comestible goods of herbal origin are periodically detected in all EU member countries. The European Commission recently published results showing that 54% of all monitoring samples were devoid of positive findings. Of samples showing detectable residues, 42% were below, and 4.4% exceeded the EUMRLs. Monitoring data over a 10-year period revealed that the percentage of

  6. 40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

  7. 40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

  8. Lethal and sub-lethal effects of five pesticides used in rice farming on the earthworm Eisenia fetida.

    PubMed

    Rico, Andreu; Sabater, Consuelo; Castillo, María-Ángeles

    2016-05-01

    The toxicity of five pesticides typically used in rice farming (trichlorfon, dimethoate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and prochloraz) was evaluated on different lethal and sub-lethal endpoints of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. The evaluated endpoints included: avoidance behaviour after an exposure period of 2 days; and mortality, weight loss, enzymatic activities (cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) and histopathological effects after an exposure period of 14 days. Carbendazim was found to be highly toxic to E. fetida (LC50=2mg/kg d.w.), significantly reducing earthworm weight and showing an avoidance response at soil concentrations that are close to those predicted in rice-fields and in surrounding ecosystems. The insecticide dimethoate showed a moderate acute toxicity (LC50=28mg/kg d.w.), whereas the rest of tested pesticides showed low toxicity potential (LC50 values above 100mg/kg d.w.). For these pesticides, however, weight loss was identified as a sensitive endpoint, with NOEC values approximately 2 times or lower than the calculated LC10 values. The investigated effects on the enzymatic activities of E. fetida and the observed histopathological alterations (longitudinal and circular muscle lesions, edematous tissues, endothelial degeneration and necrosis) proved to be sensitive biomarkers to monitor pesticide contamination and are proposed as alternative measures to evaluate pesticide risks on agro-ecosystems. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. 40 CFR 180.435 - Deltamethrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... in food handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing and processing establishments.... Contamination of food/feed or food/feed contact surfaces shall be avoided. (B) To assure safe use of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...

  10. 40 CFR 180.422 - Tralomethrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...-handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing, and processing establishments, such as... shall be limited to a maximum of 0.06 percent active ingredient. Contamination of food and food-contact...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...

  11. 40 CFR 180.442 - Bifenthrin; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... application of bifenthrin in food handling establishments, including food service, manufacturing and... ingredient. Contamination of food/feed or food/feed contact surfaces shall be avoided. (B) To assure safe use...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...

  12. High frequency monitoring of pesticides in runoff water to improve understanding of their transport and environmental impacts.

    PubMed

    Lefrancq, Marie; Jadas-Hécart, Alain; La Jeunesse, Isabelle; Landry, David; Payraudeau, Sylvain

    2017-06-01

    Rainfall-induced peaks in pesticide concentrations can occur rapidly. Low frequency sampling may therefore largely underestimate maximum pesticide concentrations and fluxes. Detailed storm-based sampling of pesticide concentrations in runoff water to better predict pesticide sources, transport pathways and toxicity within the headwater catchments is lacking. High frequency monitoring (2min) of seven pesticides (Dimetomorph, Fluopicolide, Glyphosate, Iprovalicarb, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole and Triadimenol) and one degradation product (AMPA) were assessed for 20 runoff events from 2009 to 2012 at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in the Layon catchment in France. The maximum pesticide concentrations were 387μgL -1 . Samples from all of the runoff events exceeded the legal limit of 0.1μgL -1 for at least one pesticide (European directive 2013/39/EC). High resolution sampling used to detect the peak pesticide levels revealed that Toxic Units (TU) for algae, invertebrates and fish often exceeded the European Uniform principles (25%). The point and average (time or discharge-weighted) concentrations indicated up to a 30- or 4-fold underestimation of the TU obtained when measuring the maximum concentrations, respectively. This highlights the important role of sampling methods for assessing peak exposure. High resolution sampling combined with concentration-discharge hysteresis analyses revealed that clockwise responses were predominant (52%), indicating that Hortonian runoff is the prevailing surface runoff trigger mechanism in the study catchment. The hysteresis patterns for suspended solids and pesticides were highly dynamic and storm- and chemical-dependent. Intense rainfall events induced stronger C-Q hysteresis (magnitude). This study provides new insights into the complexity of pesticide dynamics in runoff water and highlights the ability of hysteresis analysis to improve understanding of pesticide supply and transport. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All

  13. Reregistration and Other Review Programs Predating Pesticide Registration Review

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Before launching the registration review program, EPA reevaluated existing registered pesticides through programs including Pesticide Reregistration and Tolerance Reassessment, Product Reregistration, and Special Review.

  14. The chiral separation of triazole pesticides enantiomers by amylose-tris (3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase.

    PubMed

    Wang, Peng; Liu, Donghui; Jiang, Shuren; Xu, Yangguang; Zhou, Zhiqiang

    2008-10-01

    The amylose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase was synthesized and used to separate the enantiomers of triazole pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography. The mobile phase was n-hexane-isopropanol applying a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Six triazole pesticides were enantioselectively separated. Myclobutanil, paclobutrazol, tebuconazole, and uniconazole obtained complete separation with the resolution factors of 5.73, 2.99, 1.72, and 2.07, respectively, and imazalil and diniconazole obtained partial separation with the resolution factors of 0.79 and 0.77 under the optimized conditions. The effect of the content of isopropanol as well as column temperature on the separation was investigated. A circular dichroism detector was used to identify the enantiomers and determine the elution orders. The results showed the low temperature was good for the chiral separation except for diniconazole. The thermodynamic parameters calculated based on linear Van't Hoff plots showed the chiral separations were controlled by enthalpy.

  15. 40 CFR 180.636 - 1,3-dichloropropene; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-chloroacrylic acid, and cis- and trans-3-chloroallyl alcohol in or on the following commodities. Commodity Parts...

  16. 40 CFR 180.526 - Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.526 Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for...

  17. 40 CFR 180.526 - Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.526 Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for...

  18. 40 CFR 180.526 - Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.526 Synthetic isoparaffinic petroleum hydrocarbons; tolerances for...

  19. 40 CFR 180.200 - Dicloran; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....200 Section 180.200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.200..., postharvest 10 Celery 15 Cherry, sweet, postharvest 20 Cucumber 5 Endive 10 Garlic 5 Grape 10 Lettuce 10...

  20. 40 CFR 180.541 - Propetamphos; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... used to avoid contamination of food or food-contact surfaces. (2) Direct application shall be limited...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...) methoxyphosphinothioyl]oxy]-2-butenoate]) in food commodities exposed to the insecticide during treatment of food- or...

  1. 40 CFR 180.636 - 1,3-dichloropropene; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... combined residues of the fungicide cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and its metabolites cis- and trans-3...

  2. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using solid-phase extraction and bead-beating-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion to quantify the fungicide tebuconazole in controlled frog exposure study: analysis of water and animal tissue.

    PubMed

    Hansen, Martin; Poulsen, Rikke; Luong, Xuan; Sedlak, David L; Hayes, Tyrone

    2014-11-01

    This paper presents the development, optimization, and validation of a LC-MS/MS methodology to determine the concentration of the antifungal drug and fungicide tebuconazole in a controlled exposure study of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). The method is validated on animal tank water and on tissue from exposed and non-exposed adult X. laevis. Using solid-phase extraction (SPE), the analytical method allows for quantification of tebuconazole at concentrations as low as 3.89 pg mL(-1) in 10 mL water samples. Using bead-beating-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), it was possible to quantify tebuconazole down to 0.63 pg mg(-1) wet weight liver using 150 mg tissue. The deuterated analogue of tebuconazole was used as internal standard, and ensured method accuracy in the range 80.6-99.7% for water and 68.1-109% for tissue samples. The developed method was successfully applied in a 4-week X. laevis repeated-exposure study, revealing high levels of tebuconazole residues in adipose and liver tissue, and with experimental bioconcentration factors up to 18,244 L kg(-1).

  3. Pesticides and biocides in a karst catchment: Identification of contaminant sources and related flow components

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wagner, Thomas; Bollmann, Ulla E.; Bester, Kai; Birk, Steffen

    2013-04-01

    Karst aquifers are widely used as drinking water resources. However, their high vulnerability to chemical and bacterial contamination due to the heterogeneity in aquifer properties (highly conductive solution conduits embedded in the less conductive fissured rock) is difficult to assess and thus poses major challenges to the management of karst water resources. Contamination of karst springs by organic micro-pollutants has been observed in recent studies. Within this study the water from different springs draining one karst aquifer as well as the main sinking stream replenishing it were analysed before, during and after a storm water event in order to examine the occurrence of different pesticides and biocides. Contaminants from both urban as well as agricultural origin could be detected in the water with concentrations in the low ng/L range (tebuconazole, carbendazim, diuron, isoproturon, terbutryn, atrazine, dichlorobenzamide (BAM), which is a metabolite of dichlobenil). While some compounds could be followed from the sinking stream to the springs (e.g. dichlorobenzamide) some seem to have a source in the autogenic recharge from the karst plateau (Tebuconazole: wood preservative in buildings). These compounds appear to be related to fast flow components with residence times in the order of days, which are known from a number of tracer tests with fluorescent dyes. However, the occurrence of the pesticide atrazine (banned since 1995 in Austria) in the springs, while on the other hand no current input into the karst occurs, shows that some compounds have long residence times in the karst aquifer. These differences in residence times can hardly be attributed to differences in physico-chemical properties of the compounds and must thus be due to the presence of slow and fast flow components. This is in agreement with the duality of karst aquifers due to highly conductive networks of solution conduits embedded in less conductive fissured carbonate rocks.

  4. 40 CFR 180.411 - Fluazifop-P-butyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... equivalent of fluazifop, in or on the commodity. Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 3.0 Coffee, bean 0.1...

  5. 78 FR 36093 - Fenpyroximate; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-17

    ... pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes... there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential... the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action. EPA has...

  6. 40 CFR 180.200 - Dicloran; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....200 Section 180.200 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.200... None Endive 10 None Garlic 5 None Grape 10 None Lettuce 10 None Nectarine, postharvest 20 None Onion 10...

  7. 40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 90 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean, succulent 0.5 Bean, succulent shelled 0.08 Brassica, head...

  8. 40 CFR 180.601 - Cyazofamid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... stoichiometric equivalent of cyazofamid, in or on the following commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 90 Basil, fresh leaves 30 Bean, succulent 0.5 Bean, succulent shelled 0.08 Brassica, head...

  9. 40 CFR 180.3 - Tolerances for related pesticide chemicals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... have related pharmacological effects: Chlorinated organic pesticides, arsenic-containing chemicals... present, or may limit the total amount of related pesticide chemicals (such as chlorinated organic... commodity fumigation is 100 parts per million (40 CFR 180.123) and on asparagus from methyl bromide soil...

  10. 40 CFR 180.3 - Tolerances for related pesticide chemicals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... have related pharmacological effects: Chlorinated organic pesticides, arsenic-containing chemicals... present, or may limit the total amount of related pesticide chemicals (such as chlorinated organic... commodity fumigation is 100 parts per million (40 CFR 180.123) and on asparagus from methyl bromide soil...

  11. 40 CFR 180.3 - Tolerances for related pesticide chemicals.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... have related pharmacological effects: Chlorinated organic pesticides, arsenic-containing chemicals... present, or may limit the total amount of related pesticide chemicals (such as chlorinated organic... commodity fumigation is 100 parts per million (40 CFR 180.123) and on asparagus from methyl bromide soil...

  12. Competition magnifies the impact of a pesticide in a warming world by reducing heat tolerance and increasing autotomy.

    PubMed

    Op de Beeck, Lin; Verheyen, Julie; Stoks, Robby

    2018-02-01

    There is increasing concern that standard laboratory toxicity tests may be misleading when assessing the impact of toxicants, because they lack ecological realism. Both warming and biotic interactions have been identified to magnify the effects of toxicants. Moreover, while biotic interactions may change the impact of toxicants, toxicants may also change the impact of biotic interactions. However, studies looking at the impact of biotic interactions on the toxicity of pesticides and vice versa under warming are very scarce. Therefore, we tested how warming (+4 °C), intraspecific competition (density treatment) and exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos, both in isolation and in combination, affected mortality, cannibalism, growth and heat tolerance of low- and high-latitude populations of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. Moreover, we addressed whether toxicant exposure, potentially in interaction with competition and warming, increased the frequency of autotomy, a widespread antipredator mechanism. Competition increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and made it become lethal. Cannibalism was not affected by chlorpyrifos but increased at high density and under warming. Chlorpyrifos reduced heat tolerance but only when competition was high. This is the first demonstration that a biotic interaction can be a major determinant of 'toxicant-induced climate change sensitivity'. Competition enhanced the impact of chlorpyrifos under warming for high-latitude larvae, leading to an increase in autotomy which reduces fitness in the long term. This points to a novel pathway how transient pesticide pulses may cause delayed effects on populations in a warming world. Our results highlight that the interplay between biotic interactions and toxicants have a strong relevance for ecological risk assessment in a warming polluted world. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. 40 CFR 180.408 - Metalaxyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, each expressed as metalaxyl equivalents, in or on the following food... Beet, garden, tops 0.1 Beet, sugar 0.1 Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0 Beet, sugar, roots 0.5 Beet, sugar...

  14. 40 CFR 180.408 - Metalaxyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, each expressed as metalaxyl equivalents, in or on the following food... Beet, garden, tops 0.1 Beet, sugar 0.1 Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0 Beet, sugar, roots 0.5 Beet, sugar...

  15. 40 CFR 180.408 - Metalaxyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, each expressed as metalaxyl equivalents, in or on the following food... Beet, garden, tops 0.1 Beet, sugar 0.1 Beet, sugar, molasses 1.0 Beet, sugar, roots 0.5 Beet, sugar...

  16. 40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

  17. 40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

  18. 40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

  19. 40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

  20. 40 CFR 180.185 - DCPA; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Section 180.185 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.185 DCPA...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 20.0 Basil, fresh leaves 5.0 Bean, dry 2.0 Bean, mung, seed...

  1. 76 FR 70890 - Fenamidone; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-16

    .../models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM... listed in this unit could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS... there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential...

  2. 77 FR 63745 - Buprofezin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-17

    ...-1996 and 1998 Nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII). As to residue levels... Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA/NASS), proprietary market surveys, and the National Pesticide Use... available public and private market survey data for that use, averaging across all observations, and...

  3. 77 FR 42654 - Trifloxystrobin; Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-20

    ... code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This... filing. III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA... dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors are...

  4. 40 CFR 180.1057 - Phytophthora palmivora; exemption from requirement of tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions.... Phytophthora palmivora is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

  5. 40 CFR 180.1057 - Phytophthora palmivora; exemption from requirement of tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions.... Phytophthora palmivora is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

  6. 40 CFR 180.303 - Oxamyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....303 Section 180.303 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.303..., undelinted seed 0.2 Cucumber 2.0 Eggplant 2.0 Fruit, citrus, group 10 3 Garlic, bulb 0.2 Melon, honeydew 2.0...

  7. 40 CFR 180.303 - Oxamyl; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....303 Section 180.303 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.303..., undelinted seed 0.2 Cucumber 2.0 Eggplant 2.0 Fruit, citrus, group 10 3 Garlic, bulb 0.2 Melon, honeydew 2.0...

  8. 40 CFR 180.209 - Terbacil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....209 Section 180.209 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.209..., hay 2.0 Apple 0.3 Asparagus 0.4 Blueberry 0.2 Caneberry subgroup 13A 0.2 Peach 0.2 Peppermint, tops 2...

  9. 40 CFR 180.209 - Terbacil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....209 Section 180.209 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.209..., hay 2.0 Apple 0.3 Asparagus 0.4 Blueberry 0.2 Caneberry subgroup 13A 0.2 Peach 0.2 Peppermint, tops 2...

  10. 78 FR 20461 - Flumioxazin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-05

    ..., or pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System... response to the notice of filing. Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

  11. 78 FR 71523 - Quinclorac; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-29

    ... pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes....'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include... information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a...

  12. 77 FR 10962 - Flazasulfuron; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-24

    .../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does...

  13. 78 FR 23497 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-19

    ...). Animal production (NAICS code 112). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS.... Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to... dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors are...

  14. 78 FR 70870 - Etofenprox; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... identified and discussed later in this document. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested...), announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP 1E7925) by Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), 500... included centrilobular hepatocyte enlargement. Relevant toxicity studies showed no quantitative or...

  15. 40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

  16. 40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

  17. 40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

  18. 40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

  19. 40 CFR 180.151 - Ethylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances..., except basil 7 Licorice, roots 7 Peppermint, tops, dried 7 Sesame, seed 7 Spearmint, tops, dried 7... 19, dried, except basil 940 Licorice, roots 940 Peppermint, tops, dried 940 Sesame, seed 940...

  20. Analysis of Ran related to pesticide resistance in Drosophila Kc cells.

    PubMed

    Bo, Qian; Chen, Lu; Liu, Yahui; Chang, Chunjie; Ying, Xiaoli; Li, Fengliang; Cheng, Luogen

    2018-07-15

    Pesticides have been used extensively for pest control, resulting in serious pesticide resistance. It is extremely valuable to identify the resistance genes related to pest control. In our previous studies, we reported that Ran is the deltamethrin (DM) resistance-associated gene. To clarify whether Ran is also related to the resistance of other pesticides, we selected four kinds of pesticides, including parathion, DDT, carbaryl and pleocidin, for further study. The results showed that Ran could be up-regulated by all pesticides. We further verified the relationship between Ran and resistance to the 4 pesticides by Ran RNAi, Ran overexpression and cell apoptosis. We found that the dsRNA of Ran induced more cell apoptosis than the control. Ran overexpression can significantly improve cell tolerance to various pesticides. These results demonstrate that Ran is associated with the resistance to and tolerance of multiple pesticides. Our evidence suggests the Ran is a potential molecular target gene of resistance control. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. 40 CFR 180.367 - n-Octyl bicycloheptenedi-carboximide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false n-Octyl bicycloheptenedi-carboximide; tolerances for residues. 180.367 Section 180.367 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.367 n-Octyl...

  2. A trench study to assess transfer of pesticides in subsurface lateral flow for a soil with contrasting texture on a sloping vineyard in Beaujolais.

    PubMed

    Peyrard, X; Liger, L; Guillemain, C; Gouy, V

    2016-01-01

    Subsurface lateral flow in both texture-contrast soils and catchments with shallow bedrock is suspected to be a non-point source of contamination of watercourses by pesticides used in agriculture. As a case study, the north of the Beaujolais region (eastern France) provides a favorable environment for such contamination due to its agro-pedo-climatic conditions. Environments seen in the Beaujolais region include intense viticulture, permeable and shallow soils, steep hillslopes, and storms that occur during the periods of pesticide application. Watercourse contamination by pesticides has been widely observed in this region, and offsite pesticide transport by subsurface lateral flow is suspected to be involved in diffuse and chronic presence of pesticides in surface water. In order to confirm and quantify the potential role of such processes in pesticide transfer, an automated trench system has been designed. The trench was set up on a steep farmed hillslope in a texture-contrast soil. It was equipped with a tipping bucket flow meter and an automatic sampler to monitor pesticide concentrations in lateral flow at fine resolution, by means of a flow-dependent sampling strategy. Four pesticides currently used in vine growing were studied to provide a range of mobility properties: one insecticide (chlorpyrifos-methyl) and three fungicides (spiroxamine, tebuconazole, and dimethomorph). With this system, it was possible to study pesticide concentration dynamics in the subsurface lateral flow, generated by substantial rainfall events following pesticide applications. The experimental design ascertained to be a suitable method in which to monitor subsurface lateral flow and related transfer of pesticides.

  3. Risk assessment of lead poisoning and pesticide exposure in the declining population of red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis) wintering in Eastern Europe.

    PubMed

    Mateo, Rafael; Petkov, Nikolai; Lopez-Antia, Ana; Rodríguez-Estival, Jaime; Green, Andy J

    2016-11-01

    The red-breasted goose Branta ruficollis is a globally threatened species (IUCN Vulnerable) and the only European goose species currently in decline. Working on the wintering grounds on the Black Sea Coast, we address two potential causes of decline of this species for the first time: lead poisoning, and contamination from pesticides. We quantified the densities of spent Pb shot in three wetlands used by the geese in north-east Bulgaria, and analysed the Pb concentration in the faeces of red-breasted geese and the more abundant greater white-fronted geese Anser albifrons, using Al concentration as an indicator of soil ingestion. Pb shot densities in sediments were low, and we found no evidence for Pb shot ingestion in red-breasted geese. On the other hand, we found that the geese were feeding on wheat whose seeds were treated with four fungicides: thiram, tebuconazole, difenoconazole and fludioxonil, and the two first were even detected in geese faecal samples. Using data on the daily food intake, we estimated the exposure levels of the geese to these fungicides, both by measuring the concentrations remaining on seeds and by estimating the amount used to coat the seeds at the time of sowing. We found that the exposure rates estimated during the sowing period for both geese species can exceed the recognized hazardous doses for thiram, and to a lesser extent for tebuconazole, which indicates that some pesticides may be playing a previously overlooked role in the decline of red-breasted geese. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. 77 FR 38204 - Cyflufenamid; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... minimal frequency and duration of contact; Children young enough to exhibit hand-to-mouth behavior would...) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the... that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical...

  5. 40 CFR 180.274 - Propanil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.274 Propanil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the...

  6. 76 FR 5704 - Sulfentrazone; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-02

    ... subgroups. This regulation also deletes a time- limited tolerance on bean, succulent seed without pod (lima bean and cowpea), as the tolerance expired on December 31, 2007. Interregional Research Project Number... deletes the time-limited tolerance for bean, succulent seed without pod (lima bean and cowpea) at 0.1 ppm...

  7. 75 FR 11173 - Notice of Receipt of Several Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-10

    ... Pesticide Petitions Filed for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities; Correction... identification No. EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0980 proposing to establish import tolerances in 40 CFR part 180 for residues of the ``insecticide'' fluazifop-p-butyl in various potato commodities. This document is being issued...

  8. 40 CFR 180.175 - Maleic hydrazide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 15.0 Potato 50.0 (2) A food additive known as maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) may be present in...

  9. 40 CFR 180.175 - Maleic hydrazide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Onion, bulb 15.0 Potato 50.0 (2) A food additive known as maleic hydrazide (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione) may be present in...

  10. 77 FR 25904 - Acequinocyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-02

    .../oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... comments received in response to the notice of filing. Based upon review of the data supporting the...

  11. 75 FR 40741 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-14

    .../oppefed1/models/water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model /Exposure Analysis Modeling System... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... review of the data supporting the petition, EPA issued a notice in the Federal Register of March 17, 2010...

  12. Translocation and degradation of tebuconazole and prothioconazole in wheat following fungicide treatment at flowering.

    PubMed

    Lehoczki-Krsjak, Szabolcs; Varga, Mónika; Szabó-Hevér, Ágnes; Mesterházy, Ákos

    2013-11-01

    Prothioconazole and tebuconazole are among the most effective fungicides against Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The translocation between the ears and the flag leaves and the kinetics of degradation may influence field efficacy of these active ingredients (AIs). In greenhouse experiments, only traces (<1%) of the total AI content translocated from the flag leaves to the ears, and a maximum of 3.55% from the ears to the flag leaves. From the treated to the non-treated side of the ears, 3.2-15.9% of the AI translocated, depending on cultivar, AI and time. In field experiments, the degradation kinetics in the first 8 days after treatment revealed a higher velocity in the flag leaf blades than in the ears, although both were dependent on the type of cultivar. The fungicide treatment resulted in 42.6-100% decreases in FHB traits. There is no effective translocation of these AIs, only moderate redistribution in the ears, which can be decisive from the aspect of FHB management. The degradation of prothioconazole was faster than that of tebuconazole. Cultivar and environmental effects influenced the degradation kinetics of these AIs, but a high level of protection against FHB was maintained. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

  13. 40 CFR 180.472 - Imidacloprid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... 1.0 Banana 0.50 Beet, sugar, molasses 0.30 Beet, sugar, roots 0.05 Beet, sugar, tops 0.50 Biriba 0... Persimmon 3.0 Pistachio 0.05 Pomegranate 0.90 Potato, chip 0.40 Potato, processed potato waste 0.90 Poultry...

  14. 40 CFR 180.472 - Imidacloprid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... 1.0 Banana 0.50 Beet, sugar, molasses 0.30 Beet, sugar, roots 0.05 Beet, sugar, tops 0.50 Biriba 0....75 Pecan 0.05 Persimmon 3.0 Pistachio 0.05 Pomegranate 0.90 Potato, chip 0.40 Potato, processed...

  15. 40 CFR 180.472 - Imidacloprid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... 1.0 Banana 0.50 Beet, sugar, molasses 0.30 Beet, sugar, roots 0.05 Beet, sugar, tops 0.50 Biriba 0....75 Pecan 0.05 Persimmon 3.0 Pistachio 0.05 Pomegranate 0.90 Potato, chip 0.40 Potato, processed...

  16. 78 FR 18511 - Thiamethoxam; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-27

    ... Revised PHI and Tolerance for Pepper and Eggplant (Crop Subgroup 8-10B).'' B. Toxicological Points of... Pepper and Eggplant (Crop Subgroup 8-10B),'' available in the docket EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0860, at http://www... Tolerance for Tea; and Revised PHI and Tolerance for Pepper and Eggplant (Crop Subgroup 8-10B),'' available...

  17. 40 CFR 180.1043 - Gossyplure; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity cotton, undelinted seed when applied to...

  18. 40 CFR 180.1043 - Gossyplure; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity cotton, undelinted seed when applied to...

  19. 40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... commodities: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Cacao bean... basil 1500 Nutmeat, processed, except peanuts 10.0 Onion, dried 6000 Plum, prune, dried 2.0 (b) Section...

  20. Trace analysis of pesticides in paddy field water by direct injection using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometry.

    PubMed

    Pareja, Lucía; Martínez-Bueno, M J; Cesio, Verónica; Heinzen, Horacio; Fernández-Alba, A R

    2011-07-29

    A multiresidue method was developed for the quantification and confirmation of 70 pesticides in paddy field water. After its filtration, water was injected directly in a liquid chromatograph coupled to a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap-mass spectrometer (QqLIT). The list of target analytes included organophosphates, phenylureas, sulfonylureas, carbamates, conazoles, imidazolinones and others compounds widely used in different countries where rice is cropped. Detection and quantification limits achieved were in the range from 0.4 to 80 ng L(-1) and from 2 to 150 ng L(-1), respectively. Correlation coefficients for the calibration curves in the range 0.1-50 μg L(-1) were higher than 0.99 except for diazinon (0.1-25 μg L(-1)). Only 9 pesticides presented more than 20% of signal suppression/enhancement, no matrix effect was observed in the studied conditions for the rest of the target pesticides. The method developed was used to investigate the occurrence of pesticides in 59 water samples collected in paddy fields located in Spain and Uruguay. The study shows the presence of bensulfuron methyl, tricyclazole, carbendazim, imidacloprid, tebuconazole and quinclorac in a concentration range from 0.08 to 7.20 μg L(-1). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. 78 FR 60709 - Methoxyfenozide; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-02

    ... sunflower subgroup 20B at 1.0 ppm, and to amend the tolerance for herb and spice, group 19, except coriander, leaves at 4.5 ppm to spice subgroup 19B at 4.5 ppm. Upon approval of the proposed tolerances listed under... established tolerance for indirect or inadvertent residues in or on herb and spice, group 19, except coriander...

  2. Pesticide related issues in forest tree nurseries

    Treesearch

    John W. Taylor

    2007-01-01

    The FQPA was designed to protect infants, children, and females from pesticides, and was effective immediately on signing by the president. The act requires review of ALL tolerances, and introduced the “risk cup” concept as a method for evaluating lifetime exposures to pesticides.

  3. 40 CFR 180.1240 - Thymol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Thymol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1240 Section 180.1240 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1240 Thymol;...

  4. 40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances...: Commodity Parts per million Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500...

  5. 40 CFR 180.1103 - Isomate-C; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirements of a tolerance in or on all raw agricultural commodities when formulated in polyethylene pheromone...

  6. 40 CFR 180.1103 - Isomate-C; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... requirements of a tolerance in or on all raw agricultural commodities when formulated in polyethylene pheromone...

  7. 40 CFR 180.661 - Fluopyram; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Banana 1 1.0 Bean, dry 0.09 Beet, sugar, root 0.04 Cherry 0.60 Grape, wine 2.0 Nut, tree, group 14 0.05 Peanut 0.02 Pistachio 0.05 Potato 0.02 Potato, processed potato waste 0.08 Strawberry 1.5 Watermelon 1.0...

  8. 40 CFR 180.661 - Fluopyram; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Banana 1 1.0 Bean, dry 0.09 Beet, sugar, root 0.04 Cherry 0.60 Grape, wine 2.0 Nut, tree, group 14 0.05 Peanut 0.02 Pistachio 0.05 Potato 0.02 Potato, processed potato waste 0.08 Strawberry 1.5 Watermelon 1.0...

  9. 40 CFR 180.661 - Fluopyram; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Banana 1 1.0 Bean, dry 0.09 Beet, sugar, root 0.04 Cherry 0.60 Grape, wine 2.0 Nut, tree, group 14 0.05 Peanut 0.02 Pistachio 0.05 Potato 0.02 Potato, processed potato waste 0.08 Strawberry 1.5 Watermelon 1.0...

  10. 76 FR 69692 - Withdrawal of a Pesticide Petition for Residues of Pesticide Chemicals in or on Various Commodities

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... of a pesticide petition received under section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA... part 180 for residues of pesticide chemicals in or on various food commodities. Pursuant to 40 CFR 180... requirement of a tolerance for residues of lactoperoxidase (CAS No. 9003-99-0) in or on all raw agricultural...

  11. Simultaneous removal of structurally different pesticides in a biomixture: Detoxification and effect of oxytetracycline.

    PubMed

    Huete-Soto, Alejandra; Masís-Mora, Mario; Lizano-Fallas, Verónica; Chin-Pampillo, Juan Salvador; Carazo-Rojas, Elizabeth; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Carlos E

    2017-02-01

    The biopurification systems (BPS) used for the treatment of pesticide-containing wastewater must present a versatile degrading ability, in order to remove different active ingredients according to the crop protection programs. This work aimed to assay the simultaneous removal of several pesticides (combinations of herbicides/insecticides/fungicides, or insecticides/fungicides) in a biomixture used in a BPS over a period of 115 d, and in the presence of oxytetracycline (OTC), an antibiotic of agricultural use that could be present in wastewater from agricultural pesticide application practices. The biomixture was able to mostly remove the herbicides during the treatment (removal rates: atrazine ≈ linuron > ametryn), and suffered no inhibition by OTC (only slightly for ametryn). Two fungicides (carbendazim and metalaxyl) were removed, nonetheless, in the systems containing only fungicides and insecticides, a clear increase in their half-lives was obtained in the treatments containing OTC. The neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) and the triazole fungicides (tebuconazole and triadimenol) were not significantly eliminated in the biomixture. Globally, the total removal of active ingredients ranged from 40.9% to 61.2% depending on the system, following the pattern: herbicides > fungicides > insecticides. The ecotoxicological analysis of the process revealed no detoxification towards the microcrustacean Daphnia magna, but a significant decay in the phytotoxicity towards Lactuca sativa in some cases, according to seed germination tests; in this case, OTC proved to be partially responsible for the phytotoxicity. The patterns of pesticide removal and detoxification provide inputs for the improvement of BPS use and their relevance as devices for wastewater treatment according to specific pesticide application programs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 40 CFR 180.1095 - Chlorine gas; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... gas is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used preharvest or postharvest in solution on...

  13. 40 CFR 180.1095 - Chlorine gas; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... gas is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used preharvest or postharvest in solution on...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1097 - GBM-ROPE; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...-tetradecenyl acetate is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

  15. 40 CFR 180.1097 - GBM-ROPE; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...-tetradecenyl acetate is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance in or on the raw agricultural commodity...

  16. 77 FR 60311 - Chlorantraniliprole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-03

    ... dietary exposure of cattle. The milk tolerance is not affected, because aspirated grain fractions are not a significant diary cow feed item. V. Conclusion Therefore, tolerances are established for residues...

  17. 40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500 Nut, pine 10.0 Nut, tree...

  18. 40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500 Nut, pine 10.0 Nut, tree...

  19. 40 CFR 180.491 - Propylene oxide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances... Basil, dried leaves 6000 Cacao bean, cocoa powder 20.0 Cacao bean, dried bean 20.0 Fig 3.0 Garlic, dried 6000 Grape, raisin 4.0 Herbs and spices, group 19, dried, except basil 1500 Nut, pine 10.0 Nut, tree...

  20. Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of pesticides in gaseous and particulate phases in the atmosphere.

    PubMed

    Borrás, E; Sánchez, P; Muñoz, A; Tortajada-Genaro, L A

    2011-08-05

    A reliable multi-residue method for determining gaseous and particulate phase pesticides in atmospheric samples has been developed. This method, based on full scan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), allowed the proper determination of sixteen relevant pesticides, in a wide range of concentrations and without the influence of interferences. The pesticides were benfluralin, bitertanol, buprofezin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, ethalfluralin, fenthion, lindane, malathion, methidathion, propachlor, propanil, pyriproxifen, tebuconazol and trifluralin. Comparisons of two types of sampling filters (quartz and glass fibre) and four types of solid-phase cartridges (XAD-2, XAD-4, Florisil and Orbo-49P) showed that the most suitable supports were glass fibre filter for particulate pesticides and XAD-2 and XAD-4 cartridges for gaseous pesticides (>95% recovery). Evaluations of elution solvents for ultrasonic-assisted extraction demonstrated that isooctane is better than ethylacetate, dichloromethane, methanol or a mixture of acetone:hexane (1:1). Recovery assays and the standard addition method were performed to validate the proposed methodology. Moreover, large simulator chamber experiments allowed the best study of the gas-particle partitioning of pesticides for testing the sampling efficiency for the validation of an analytical multiresidue method for pesticides in air. Satisfactory analytical parameters were obtained, with a repeatability of 5±1%, a reproducibility of 13±3% and detection limits of 0.05-0.18 pg m(-3) for the particulate phase and 26-88 pg m(-3) for the gaseous phase. Finally, the methodology was successfully applied to rural and agricultural samples in the Mediterranean area. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. 40 CFR 180.1041 - Nosema locustae; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... insecticide Nosema locustae is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues in or on all raw...

  2. 40 CFR 180.1041 - Nosema locustae; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... insecticide Nosema locustae is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance for residues in or on all raw...

  3. Pesticides in agricultural headwater streams in southwestern Germany and effects on macroinvertebrate populations.

    PubMed

    Weber, Gero; Christmann, Nicole; Thiery, Ann-Cathrin; Martens, Dieter; Kubiniok, Jochen

    2018-04-01

    Pesticides are a major burden for stream ecosystems in the central European cultivated landscape. The objective of the present study was to investigate the applicability of ecological indicator methods in relation to toxicity of pesticides under the specific hydro-morphological conditions in small water bodies. Thus, an association of toxicity evaluating methods with different ecological indicators was to be attempted. Based on three random samples taken within the 2016 vegetation period, 23 headwater areas in the Saarland were investigated to test for pesticides and their metabolites. The macroinvertebrate population was also surveyed in 16 of these streams. Evidence was found of 41 substances in total. Most dominant substances include atrazine, isoproturone, quinmerac and tebuconazol as well as metabolites of dimethenamid, chloridazon and metazachlor. At 9 of the 23 sampling points, over 10 plant protection products and metabolites were found. Only 17% of the water bodies investigated contained fewer than 5 substances. Around half of the bodies of water investigated show noticeably high concentrations of metabolites of plant protection products. Maximum concentrations exceeding environmental quality standards or the Health-oriented Guideline Values were measured for 13 substances at individual sampling points. Analysis of the biological data for only 4 of the water bodies investigated resulted in the Ecological Status Class (ESC) "good". All others fell short of the quality target, although they were classified as "good" or "very good" according to the Saprobic index. SPEAR pesticides as a measurement of the sensitivity of the biocoenosis to pesticides shows their influence in a few water bodies. Likewise, high toxic unit values have also been calculated, indicating the presence of toxic substances at relevant concentrations. However, an actual correlation between SPEAR pesticides and toxic unit could not be derived. Clearly in these very headwater streams other

  4. Lethal effects of selected novel pesticides on immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae).

    PubMed

    Khan, Muhammad Ashraf; Ruberson, John R

    2017-12-01

    Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is an important egg parasitoid and biological control agent of caterpillar pests. We studied the acute toxicity of 20 pesticides (14 insecticides/miticides, three fungicides and three herbicides) exposed to recommended field rates. Egg, larval, and pupal stages of the parasitoid in their hosts were dipped in formulated solutions of the pesticides and evaluated 10 days later for percentage of host eggs with holes, number of parasitoids emerged per egg with holes, and stage-specific mortality of immature as well as adult wasps within the host eggs. Seven insecticides (buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, spirotetramat, flonicamid, flubendiamide) and miticides (spiromesifen, cyflumetofen), one herbicide (nicosulfuron), and three fungicides (myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) caused no significant mortality to immature stages or pre-emergent adult parasitoids relative to controls. By contrast, seven insecticides/miticides (abamectin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, fipronil, novaluron, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad) adversely affected immature and pre-emergent adult T. pretiosum, with tolfenpyrad being particularly lethal. Two herbicides had moderate (glufosinate ammonium) to severe (s-metolachlor) acute lethal effects on the immature parasitoids. This study corroborates earlier findings with adult T. pretiosum. Over half of the pesticides - and all the fungicides - tested in the current study would appear to be compatible with the use of T. pretiosum in integrated pest management programs, with respect to acute parasitoid mortality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

  5. 40 CFR 180.517 - Fipronil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fipronil; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.517 Fipronil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Therefore, tolerances are established for combined residues...

  6. Pesticide pollution of multiple drinking water sources in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: evidence from two provinces.

    PubMed

    Chau, N D G; Sebesvari, Z; Amelung, W; Renaud, F G

    2015-06-01

    Pollution of drinking water sources with agrochemicals is often a major threat to human and ecosystem health in some river deltas, where agricultural production must meet the requirements of national food security or export aspirations. This study was performed to survey the use of different drinking water sources and their pollution with pesticides in order to inform on potential exposure sources to pesticides in rural areas of the Mekong River delta, Vietnam. The field work comprised both household surveys and monitoring of 15 frequently used pesticide active ingredients in different water sources used for drinking (surface water, groundwater, water at public pumping stations, surface water chemically treated at household level, harvested rainwater, and bottled water). Our research also considered the surrounding land use systems as well as the cropping seasons. Improper pesticide storage and waste disposal as well as inadequate personal protection during pesticide handling and application were widespread amongst the interviewed households, with little overall risk awareness for human and environmental health. The results show that despite the local differences in the amount and frequency of pesticides applied, pesticide pollution was ubiquitous. Isoprothiolane (max. concentration 8.49 μg L(-1)), fenobucarb (max. 2.32 μg L(-1)), and fipronil (max. 0.41 μg L(-1)) were detected in almost all analyzed water samples (98 % of all surface samples contained isoprothiolane, for instance). Other pesticides quantified comprised butachlor, pretilachlor, propiconazole, hexaconazole, difenoconazole, cypermethrin, fenoxapro-p-ethyl, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, quinalphos, and thiamethoxam. Among the studied water sources, concentrations were highest in canal waters. Pesticide concentrations varied with cropping season but did not diminish through the year. Even in harvested rainwater or purchased bottled water, up to 12 different pesticides were detected at

  7. Effect of processing on the disappearance of pesticide residues in fresh-cut lettuce: Bioavailability and dietary risk.

    PubMed

    Camara, Miguel A; Barba, Alberto; Cermeño, Sandra; Martinez, Gracia; Oliva, Jose

    2017-12-02

    The aim of this research is to establish the processing factors of six pesticides durong the preparation of fresh-cut lettuce and to assess the risk of ingestion of pesticide residues associated with the consumption of the same. A field study was carried out on the dissipation of three insecticides (imidacloprid, tebufenozide, cypermethrin) and three fungicides (metalaxyl, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin) during treatment conditions simulating those used for commercial fresh-cut lettuce. A simultaneous residue analysis method is validated using QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile and CG-MS and LC-MS/MS analysis. The residues detected after field application never exceed the established Maximum Residue Limits. The processing factors were generally less than 1 (between 0.34 for tebufenozide and 0.53 for imidacloprid), indicating that the process, as a whole, considerably reduces residue levels in processed lettuce compared to fresh lettuce. It is confirmed that cutting, followed by washing and drying, considerably reduces the residues. A matrix effect in the dialyzation of the pesticides is observed and the in vitro study of bioavailability establishes a low percentage of stomach absorption capacity (<15%). The EDI/ADI ratios found in all cases were well below their ADI values, and the dietary exposure assessed (EDI) in fresh-cut lettuce showed no concerns for consumer health.

  8. Inducible Tolerance to Agrochemicals Was Paved by Evolutionary Responses to Predators.

    PubMed

    Jones, Devin K; Hintz, William D; Schuler, Matthew S; Yates, Erika K; Mattes, Brian M; Relyea, Rick A

    2017-12-05

    Recent research has reported increased tolerance to agrochemicals in target and nontarget organisms following acute physiological changes induced through phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, the most inducible populations are those from more pristine locations, far from agrochemical use. We asked why do populations with no known history of pesticide exposure have the ability to induce adaptive responses to novel agrochemicals? We hypothesized that increased pesticide tolerance results from a generalized stressor response in organisms, and would be induced following sublethal exposure to natural and anthropogenic stressors. We exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) to one of seven natural or anthropogenic stressors (predator cue (Anax spp.), 0.5 or 1.0 mg carbaryl/L, road salt (200 or 1000 mg Cl - /L), ethanol-vehicle control, or no-stressor control) and subsequently tested their tolerance to a lethal carbaryl concentration using time-to-death assays. We observed induced carbaryl tolerance in tadpoles exposed to 0.5 mg/L carbaryl and also in tadpoles exposed to predator cues. Our results suggest that the ability to induce pesticide tolerance likely arose through evolved antipredator responses. Given that antipredator responses are widespread among species, many animals might possess inducible pesticide tolerance, buffering them from agrochemical exposure.

  9. 40 CFR 180.1142 - 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the plant growth regulator 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene when applied post harvest to potatoes in accordance with good agricultural...

  10. 40 CFR 180.1142 - 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the plant growth regulator 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene when applied post harvest to potatoes in accordance with good agricultural...

  11. 40 CFR 180.261 - Phosmet; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Phosmet; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.261 Phosmet; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the insecticide...

  12. 40 CFR 180.503 - Cymoxanil, tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cymoxanil, tolerance for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.503 Cymoxanil, tolerance for residues. (a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide...

  13. 40 CFR 180.567 - Zoxamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.567 Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues of zoxamide (3...

  14. 40 CFR 180.567 - Zoxamide; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. 180... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.567 Zoxamide; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for residues of zoxamide (3...

  15. 40 CFR 180.1049 - Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1049 Section 180.1049 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1049 Carbo...

  16. 40 CFR 180.1049 - Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1049 Section 180.1049 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1049 Carbo...

  17. 40 CFR 180.1049 - Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Carbon dioxide; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1049 Section 180.1049 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1049 Carbo...

  18. 77 FR 12731 - Thiamethoxam; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-02

    ...This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of thiamethoxam in or on multiple commodities which are identified and discussed later in this document. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

  19. 40 CFR 180.1022 - Iodine-detergent complex; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... a tolerance. The aqueous solution of hydriodic acid and elemental iodine, including one or both of...

  20. Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of pesticides from bananas.

    PubMed

    Ravelo-Pérez, Lidia M; Hernández-Borges, Javier; Asensio-Ramos, María; Rodríguez-Delgado, Miguel Angel

    2009-10-23

    This paper describes a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure using room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection capable of quantifying trace amounts of eight pesticides (i.e. thiophanate-methyl, carbofuran, carbaryl, tebuconazole, iprodione, oxyfluorfen, hexythiazox and fenazaquin) in bananas. Fruit samples were first homogenized and extracted (1g) with acetonitrile and after suitable evaporation and reconstitution of the extract in 10 mL of water, a DLLME procedure using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C(6)MIM][PF(6)]) as extraction solvent was used. Experimental conditions affecting the DLLME procedure (sample pH, sodium chloride percentage, ionic liquid amount and volume of disperser solvent) were optimized by means of an experimental design. In order to determine the presence of a matrix effect, calibration curves for standards and fortified banana extracts (matrix matched calibration) were studied. Mean recovery values of the extraction of the pesticides from banana samples were in the range of 69-97% (except for thiophanate-methyl and carbofuran, which were 53-63%) with a relative standard deviation lower than 8.7% in all cases. Limits of detection achieved (0.320-4.66 microg/kg) were below the harmonized maximum residue limits established by the European Union (EU). The proposed method, was also applied to the analysis of this group of pesticides in nine banana samples taken from the local markets of the Canary Islands (Spain). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of RTILs as extraction solvents for DLLME of pesticides from samples different than water.

  1. 76 FR 49318 - Import Tolerances; Order Denying ABC's Petition to Revoke Import Tolerances for Various Pesticides

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-10

    ... mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which...)(D)(vi). Although residues in food are to be aggregated with other pesticide exposures, the...

  2. Pesticide tolerance in amphibians: induced tolerance in susceptible populations, constitutive tolerance in tolerant populations

    PubMed Central

    Hua, Jessica; Morehouse, Nathan I; Relyea, Rick

    2013-01-01

    The role of plasticity in shaping adaptations is important to understanding the expression of traits within individuals and the evolution of populations. With increasing human impacts on the environment, one challenge is to consider how plasticity shapes responses to anthropogenic stressors such as contaminants. To our knowledge, only one study (using mosquitoes) has considered the possibility of induced insecticide tolerance. Using populations of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) located close to and far from agricultural fields, we discovered that exposing some populations of embryos and hatchlings to sublethal concentrations of the insecticide carbaryl induced higher tolerance to a subsequent lethal concentration later in life. Interestingly, the inducible populations were located >800 m from agricultural areas and were the most susceptible to the insecticide. In contrast, the noninducible populations were located close to agricultural areas and were the least susceptible. We also found that sublethal concentrations of carbaryl induced higher tadpole AChE concentrations in several cases. This is the first study to demonstrate inducible tolerance in a vertebrate species and the pattern of inducible and constitutive tolerance among populations suggests the process of genetic assimilation. PMID:24187585

  3. 40 CFR 180.129 - o-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false o-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; tolerances for residues. 180.129 Section 180.129 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.129 o-Phenylphenol an...

  4. 78 FR 69562 - Fenpropathrin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-20

    ... tolerances as they will be superseded by the tolerances established by this document. Interregional Research... effects characteristic of pyrethroids were seen in most of the experimental toxicology studies including... were observed for both adults and pups, reducing concern for quantitative or qualitative sensitivity...

  5. 78 FR 32146 - Triforine; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-29

    ... America Holding Corporation requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act... triforine residues to be imported into the United States. III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination... determination on aggregate exposure for triforine including exposure resulting from the tolerances established...

  6. 40 CFR 180.413 - Imazalil; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.413 Imazalil; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) Tolerances are established for the combined residues of..., hay 0.5 Wheat, straw 0.5 (2) Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the fungicide...

  7. 77 FR 47539 - Paraquat Dichloride; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-09

    ...). Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This listing is not... Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES: This regulation is effective August 9, 2012...? You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer...

  8. 40 CFR 180.900 - Exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From... granted when it appears that the total quantity of the pesticide chemical in or on all raw agricultural...

  9. 40 CFR 180.900 - Exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From... granted when it appears that the total quantity of the pesticide chemical in or on all raw agricultural...

  10. 75 FR 17571 - Pendimethalin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-07

    ... as pendimethalin equivalents, in or on alfalfa forage. BASF Corporation requested this tolerance...], and its metabolite 4-[(1-ethylpropyl)amino]-2-methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, in or on alfalfa... tolerance action, it considered the use of pendimethalin on alfalfa, including potential residues of...

  11. Individual Pesticides in Registration Review

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    You can used the Chemical Search database to search pesticides by chemical name and find their registration review dockets, along with Work Plans, risk assessments, interim and final decisions, tolerance rules, and cancellation actions.

  12. 75 FR 26662 - Fluazinam; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-12

    ... due to systemic toxicity and not a result of frank neurotoxicity. No signs of neurotoxicity were... chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD), is available to enforce the tolerance expression for...) enforcement method is also available to enforce the tolerance expression for wine grapes, which includes...

  13. Spatial and temporal trends and flow dynamics of glyphosate and other pesticides within an agricultural watershed in Argentina.

    PubMed

    Pérez, Débora J; Okada, Elena; De Gerónimo, Eduardo; Menone, Mirta L; Aparicio, Virginia C; Costa, José L

    2017-12-01

    In the present study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal trends of current-use pesticides in surface water and sediments as well as their relationship with hydrological stream dynamics within the agricultural watershed of El Crespo stream (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We sampled 2 contrasting sites: site 1 (upstream), surrounded by agricultural lands, and site 2 (downstream), surrounded by natural grasslands. Most of the applied pesticides (glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine, tebuconazole, and imidacloprid) were detected at high frequencies in surface water samples at both sites. However, only glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were present at high concentrations and had a significant spatial-temporal trend. The highest concentrations were found during spring 2014 at site 1, in association with the intense rains that occurred in that season. The fact that glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were higher than the rest of the studied compounds is closely related to the land use within the watershed, as glyphosate was the most applied herbicide during the fallow period of glyphosate-resistant crops (soybean, maize). The pesticide mixture had a significant spatial-temporal trend, reaching the highest levels during storm flow events in spring 2014. The intensive rains in spring 2014 could be the main factor influencing stream hydrology and pesticide behavior at El Crespo watershed. The estimated annual pesticide losses were 3.11 g/ha at site 1 and 0.72 g/ha at site 2. This result indicates that an attenuation process could be decreasing pesticide loads during downstream transport from site 1 to site 2. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3206-3216. © 2017 SETAC. © 2017 SETAC.

  14. 78 FR 66649 - Spirotetramat; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-06

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of spirotetramat in or on corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with... tolerance for residues of the insecticide spirotetramat in or on corn, sweet kernel plus cob with husks..., calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of spirotetramat, in or on corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with...

  15. 76 FR 69653 - Abamectin (avermectin); Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-09

    ... are available in Pesticide Analytical Manual II (PAM II) for citrus and processed fractions (Method I... (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0619. All documents in the docket are listed in the docket index available... available, e.g., Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted...

  16. 78 FR 60707 - Glyphosate; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-02

    ... regulation amends the established tolerance for residues of the herbicide glyphosate in or on canola, seed at... expression for residues of the herbicide glyphosate in or on canola, seed at 20 ppm from the combined..., this regulation amends the established tolerance for residues of the herbicide glyphosate in or on...

  17. 75 FR 53581 - Spiromesifen; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-01

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of spiromesifen in or on leaf petioles subgroup 4B, dry pea... equivalents, in or on pea, dry, seed at 0.15 parts per million (ppm); spearmint, tops at 25 ppm; and... for tolerances levels different from those proposed in the petitions for dry pea seed, spearmint tops...

  18. 77 FR 8746 - Indoxacarb; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-15

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of indoxacarb in or on egg, poultry fat, poultry meat, and... million (ppm); poultry, fat at 0.2 ppm; poultry, meat at 0.06 ppm; and poultry, meat byproducts at 0.06..., fat; poultry, meat; and poultry, meat byproducts. These tolerances were evaluated by EPA based on the...

  19. Evaluation of Self-Propelled High-Energy Ultrasonic Atomizer on Azoxystrobin and Tebuconazole Application in Sunlit Greenhouse Tomatoes.

    PubMed

    Li, Yan-Jie; Li, Yi-Fan; Chen, Rong-Hua; Li, Xue-Sheng; Pan, Can-Ping; Song, Jian-Li

    2018-05-28

    In this study, a self-propelled high-energy ultrasonic atomizer was evaluated in terms of deposition on the canopy, the loss to the ground, and fungicide residues in cherry tomato and tomato. Artificial collectors fixed to the upper side and underside of the leaves at different depths and heights were used to collect the depositions. A reliable analytical method for determination of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole in artificial collectors and residue samples was developed by using liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results showed that the atomizer distributed the droplets evenly throughout the greenhouse with good uniformity (CVs below 39%). The ratio of depositions on the internal and external sides was 66⁻83%, and the ratio of depositions on the underside and upper side was 39⁻50%. There were no significant differences in depositions between two different height crops. The residues of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole in tomato and cherry tomato fruits were far below the maximum residue limits at harvest time. In general, self-propelled high-energy ultrasonic atomizer used in a greenhouse could increase the depositions, especially on the underside and internal side of the canopies, and lead to a reduction of operator exposure risk.

  20. 76 FR 12877 - Fomesafen; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-09

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of fomesafen in or on pepper (bell and non-bell), potato, and..., in or on potato and tomato (PP 9F7563); and pepper (PP 9F7667) at 0.025 parts per million (ppm... tolerance expression and the commodity terms for peppers in accordance with current Agency policy. These...

  1. 40 CFR 180.618 - Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, isopropyl[(S)-1-[[[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-2...

  2. 40 CFR 180.618 - Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, isopropyl[(S)-1-[[[(1R)-1-(6-fluoro-2...

  3. 77 FR 65827 - Trifloxystrobin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-31

    ... regulation amends tolerances for residues of trifloxystrobin in or on almond hulls; and Vegetable, root... hulls at 9.0 parts per million (ppm). That notice referenced a summary of the petition prepared by Bayer... trifloxystrobin in or on almond hulls at 3.0 ppm. This MRL is different than the proposed amended tolerance at 9.0...

  4. 40 CFR 180.1087 - Sesame stalks; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biorational nematicide... fractions; potato; beet, sugar, roots; beet, sugar, tops; tomato; pepper, bell; squash; strawberry; eggplant...

  5. 40 CFR 180.1087 - Sesame stalks; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biorational nematicide... fractions; potato; beet, sugar, roots; beet, sugar, tops; tomato; pepper, bell; squash; strawberry; eggplant...

  6. Efficacy of tebuconazole embedded in biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate to inhibit the development of Fusarium moniliforme in soil microecosystems.

    PubMed

    Volova, Tatiana G; Prudnikova, Svetlana V; Zhila, Natalia O; Vinogradova, Olga N; Shumilova, Anna A; Nikolaeva, Elena D; Kiselev, Evgeniy G; Shishatskaya, Ekaterina I

    2017-05-01

    An important line of research is the development of a new generation of formulations with targeted and controlled release of the pesticide, using matrices made from biodegradable materials. In this study, slow-release formulations of the fungicide tebuconazole (TEB) have been prepared by embedding it into the matrix of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) in the form of films, microgranules and pellets. The average rates of P3HB degradation were determined by the geometry of the formulation, reaching, for 63 days, 0.095-0.116, 0.081-0.083 and 0.030-0.055 mg day -1 for films, microgranules and pellets respectively. The fungicidal activity of P3HB/TEB against the plant pathogen Fusarium moniliforme was compared with that of the commercial formulation Raxil Ultra. A pronounced fungicidal effect of the experimental P3HB/TEB formulations was observed in 2-4 weeks after application, and it was retained for 8 weeks, without affecting significantly the development of soil aboriginal microflora. TEB release can be regulated by the process employed to fabricate the formulation and the fungicide loading, and the TEB accumulates in the soil gradually, as the polymer is degraded. The experimental forms of TEB embedded in the slowly degraded P3HB can be used as a basis for developing slow-release fungicide formulations. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

  7. 40 CFR 180.337 - Oxytetracycline; tolerance for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Oxytetracycline; tolerance for... § 180.337 Oxytetracycline; tolerance for residues. Tolerances are established for residues of the pesticide oxytetracycline in or on the following raw agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million...

  8. 40 CFR 180.1237 - Sodium metasilicate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... aqueous solution. (b) An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of... not exceed 2.41% by weight in aqueous solution. [71 FR 19441, Apr. 14, 2006] ...

  9. 40 CFR 180.1237 - Sodium metasilicate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... aqueous solution. (b) An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of... not exceed 2.41% by weight in aqueous solution. [71 FR 19441, Apr. 14, 2006] ...

  10. 40 CFR 180.155 - 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant growth regulator 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and its...

  11. 40 CFR 180.155 - 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant growth regulator 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and its...

  12. 40 CFR 180.1285 - Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1285 Section 180.1285 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1285...

  13. 40 CFR 180.1285 - Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1285 Section 180.1285 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1285...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1285 - Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Polyoxin D zinc salt; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. 180.1285 Section 180.1285 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1285...

  15. 40 CFR 180.202 - p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant regulator p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolite p...

  16. 40 CFR 180.202 - p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for the combined residues of the plant regulator p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and its metabolite p...

  17. 40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

  18. 40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

  19. 40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

  20. 40 CFR 180.950 - Tolerance exemptions for minimal risk active and inert ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... inert or an active ingredient in a pesticide chemical formulation, including antimicrobial pesticide..., cloves, and red pepper. (iii) Herbs such as basil, anise, or fenugreek. (2) Excluded from the term...

  1. 40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

  2. 40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

  3. 40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

  4. 40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

  5. 40 CFR 180.40 - Tolerances for crop groups.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Procedural Regulations § 180.40 Tolerances... representative crops are given as an indication of the minimum residue chemistry data base acceptable to the...

  6. 40 CFR 180.1210 - Phosphorous acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of phosphorous acid and its... and in or on potatoes when applied as a post-harvest treatment at 35,600 ppm or less phosphorous acid...

  7. 40 CFR 180.1210 - Phosphorous acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of phosphorous acid and its... and in or on potatoes when applied as a post-harvest treatment at 35,600 ppm or less phosphorous acid...

  8. 40 CFR 180.1225 - Decanoic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of decanoic acid in or on all raw... acid (up to 170 ppm per application) on food contact surfaces such as equipment, pipelines, tanks, vats...

  9. Effect of the submergence, the bed form geometry, and the speed of the surface water flow on the mitigation of pesticides in agricultural ditches

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boutron, Olivier; Margoum, Christelle; Chovelon, Jean-Marc; Guillemain, CéLine; Gouy, VéRonique

    2011-08-01

    Pesticides, which have been extensively used in agriculture, have become a major environmental issue, especially regarding surface and groundwater contamination. Of particular importance are vegetated farm drainage ditches, which can play an important role in the mitigation of pesticide contamination by adsorption onto ditch bed substrates. This role is, however, poorly understood, especially regarding the influence of hydrodynamic parameters, which make it difficult to promote best management practice of these systems. We have assessed the influence of three of these parameters (speed of the surface water flow, submergence, and geometrical characteristics of the bed forms) on the transfer and adsorption of selected pesticides (isoproturon, diuron, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin) into the bed substrate by performing experiments with a tilted experimental flume, using hemp fibers as a standard of natural organic substrates that are found at the bottom of agricultural ditches. Results show the transfer of pesticides from surface water flow into bed substrate is favored, both regarding the amounts transferred into the bed substrate and the kinetics of the transfer, when the surface water speed and the submergence increase and when the bed forms are made of rectangular shapes. Extrapolation of flume data over a distance of several hundred meters suggests that an interesting possibility for improving the mitigation of pesticides in ditches would be to increase the submergence and to favor bed forms that tend to enhance perturbations and subsequent infiltration of the surface water flow.

  10. Bioaccumulation and oxidative stress caused by pesticides in Cyprinus carpio reared in a rice-fish system.

    PubMed

    Clasen, Barbara; Loro, Vania L; Murussi, Camila R; Tiecher, Tadeu Luis; Moraes, Bibiana; Zanella, Renato

    2018-06-01

    Nowadays, many irrigated rice producers have adopted the rice-fish farming systems, in which fish are reared in the same environment as rice is grown. These animals can biologically control many pests that disturb the crop, as well as increase the income of producers when they are reared in the same area as rice. However, a large variety of pesticides is often used for pest control in conventional irrigated rice crops, and fish are exposed to different pesticide concentrations and active ingredients. Thus, the aim of the current study is to assess the potential risks of these pesticides to freshwater fish (Cyprinus carpio) cultured in integrated rice-fish farming systems. We assessed five pesticides widely used in rice culture. This is the first report on the bioaccumulation of the insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam and clorantraniliprole and of the fungicide tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin associated with oxidative stress and with enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in edible fish samples reared in integrated in rice-fish farming systems. After 100 days of exposure, lambda-cyhalothrin and tebuconazole bioaccumulated in carp muscles. Acethylcholinesterase activity in the brain was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Overall, the biochemical analyses showed increased responses in the experimental groups in comparison to the controls. Lipid peroxidation levels increased in the liver, gills and muscles. Protein oxidation increased in the liver and muscles. Catalase activity increased in the liver, and glutathione S-transferase increased in the liver, gills and muscles. Results demonstrate that these pesticides have severe adverse consequences in fish and indicate their potential risk to human health due to their bioaccumulation in farmed fish. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. 40 CFR 180.383 - Sodium salt of acifluorfen; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for combined residues of the herbicide sodium salt of acifluorfen, sodium 5-[2-chloro-4...

  12. Utilization of long duration high-volume sampling coupled to SPME-GC-MS/MS for the assessment of airborne pesticides variability in an urban area (Strasbourg, France) during agricultural application.

    PubMed

    Liaud, Céline; Brucher, Michel; Schummer, Claude; Coscollà, Clara; Wolff, Hélène; Schwartz, Jean-Jacques; Yusà, Vicent; Millet, Maurice

    2016-10-02

    Atmospheric samples have been collected between 14 March and 12 September 2012 on a 2-week basis (15 days of sampling and exchange of traps each 7 days) in Strasbourg (east of France) for the analysis of 43 pesticides. Samples (particle and gas phases) were separately extracted using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and pre-concentrated by Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) before analysis by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Four SPME consecutive injections at distinct temperatures were made in order to increase the sensitivity of detection for the all monitored pesticides. Currently used detected pesticides can be grouped in four classes; those used in maize crops (acetochlor, benoxacor, dicamba, s-metolachlor, pendimethalin, and bromoxynil), in cereal crops (benoxacor, chlorothalonil, fenpropimorph, and propiconazole), in vineyards (tebuconazole), and as herbicides for orchards, meadows of green spaces (2,4-MCPA, trichlopyr). This is in accordance with the diversity of crops found in the Alsace region and trends observed are in accordance with the period of application of these pesticides. Variations observed permit also to demonstrate that the long time sampling duration used in this study is efficient to visualize temporal variations of airborne pesticides concentrations. Then, long time high-volume sampling could be a simple method permitting atmospheric survey of atmospheric contamination without any long analysis time and consequently low cost.

  13. 78 FR 38226 - Sulfoxaflor; Pesticide Tolerances; Technical Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-26

    ... and removing Sec. 180.670. This document additionally removes the time-limited tolerances for cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, gin byproducts; and cotton, hulls as the tolerances have been superseded by...-limited tolerances for cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, gin byproducts; and cotton, hulls contained in...

  14. 40 CFR 180.415 - Aluminum tris (O-ethylphosphonate); tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific.... Commodity Parts per million Asparagus 0.1 Grape 10 (d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved] [64 FR...

  15. 76 FR 38036 - Propylene Oxide; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-29

    ... regulation amends the propylene oxide tolerance on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to ``nutmeat, processed, except... propylene oxide tolerance (40 CFR 180.491) on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to read ``nutmeat, processed, except...) on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to read ``nutmeat, processed, except peanuts.'' IV. Statutory and...

  16. 40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

  17. 40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

  18. 40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

  19. 40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Plant volatiles and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant volatiles and pheromone; exemptions from the...

  20. Analysis of airborne pesticides from different chemical classes adsorbed on Radiello® Tenax® passive tubes by thermal-desorption-GC/MS.

    PubMed

    Raeppel, Caroline; Fabritius, Marie; Nief, Marie; Appenzeller, Brice M R; Briand, Olivier; Tuduri, Ludovic; Millet, Maurice

    2015-02-01

    An analytical methodology using automatic thermal desorption (ATD) and GC/MS was developed for the determination of 28 pesticides of different chemical classes (dichlobenil, carbofuran, trifluralin, clopyralid, carbaryl, flazasulfuron, mecoprop-P, dicamba, 2,4-MCPA, dichlorprop, 2,4-D, triclopyr, cyprodinil, bromoxynil, fluroxypyr, oxadiazon, myclobutanil, buprofezin, picloram, trinexapac-p-ethyl, ioxynil, diflufenican, tebuconazole, bifenthrin, isoxaben, alphacypermethrin, fenoxaprop and tau-fluvalinate) commonly used in nonagricultural areas in atmospheric samples. This methodology was developed to evaluate the indoor and outdoor atmospheric contamination by nonagricultural pesticides. Pesticides were sampled passive sampling tubes containing Tenax® adsorbent. Since most of these pesticides are polar (clopyralid, mecoprop-P, dicamba, 2,4-MCPA, dichlorprop, 2,4-D, triclopyr, bromoxynil, fluroxypyr, picloram, trinexapac-p-ethyl and ioxynil), a derivatisation step is required. For this purpose, a silylation step using N-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MtBSTFA) was added before thermal desorption. This agent was chosen since it delivers very specific ions on electronic impact (m/z = M-57). This method was established with special consideration for optimal thermal desorption conditions (desorption temperature, desorb flow and duration; trap heating duration and flow; outlet split), linear ranges, limits of quantification and detection which varied from 0.005 to 10 ng and from 0.001 to 2.5 ng, respectively, for an uncertainty varied from 8 to 30 %. The method was applied in situ to the analysis of passive tubes exposed during herbicide application to an industrial site in east of France.

  1. 40 CFR 180.117 - S-Ethyl dipropylthiocarba-mate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... agricultural commodities: Commodity Parts per million Almond, hulls 0.1(N) Asparagus 0.1(N) Castorbean, seed 0...

  2. 76 FR 22620 - Triflusulfuron-Methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-22

    ... under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). DATES: This regulation is effective April 22... Determination of Safety Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance (the legal limit... determination on aggregate exposure for triflusulfuron-methyl, including exposure resulting from the tolerances...

  3. Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers.

    PubMed

    Hamsan, Hazwanee; Ho, Yu Bin; Zaidon, Siti Zulfa; Hashim, Zailina; Saari, Nazamid; Karami, Ali

    2017-12-15

    Tanjung Karang, Selangor, is widely known for its paddy cultivation activity and hosts the third largest paddy field in Malaysia. Pesticides contamination in agriculture fields has become an unavoidable problem, as pesticides are used to increase paddy productivity and reduce plant disease. Human exposure to agrichemicals is common and could results in both acute and chronic health effects, such as acute and chronic neurotoxicity. This study aims to determine the concentrations of commonly used pesticides (azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, difenoconazole, fipronil, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor, propiconazole, pymetrozine, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, and trifloxystrobin) in personal air samples and their associated health risks among paddy farmers. Eighty-three farmers from Tangjung Karang, Selangor were involved in this study. A solid sorbent tube was attached to the farmer's breathing zone with a clip, and an air pump was fastened to the belt to collect personal air samples. Pesticides collected in the XAD-2 resin were extracted with acetone, centrifuged, concentrated via nitrogen blowdown and reconstituted with 1mL of 3:1 ultrapure water/HPLC-grade methanol solution. The extract was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The target compounds were detected with a maximum concentration reaching up to 462.5ngm -3 (fipronil). The hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 and the hazard index (HI) value was 3.86×10 -3 , indicating that the risk of pesticides related diseases was not significant. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for pymetrozine was at an acceptable level (LCR<10 -6 ) with 4.10×10 -8 . The results reported in this study can be beneficial in terms of risk management within the agricultural community. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. EPA CHILDREN'S PESTICIDE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory conducts research in support of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. FQPA requires that children's risks to pesticide exposures be considered during the tolerance-setting process. FQPA requires exposure assessme...

  5. 75 FR 46847 - Halosulfuron-methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-04

    ... the existing tolerance on bean, snap, succulent at 0.05 parts per million (ppm) in that it is superseded by this action establishing a tolerance at 0.05 ppm on pea and bean, succulent shelled, subgroup... and bean, succulent shelled, subgroup 6B; pea and bean, dried shelled, except soybean, subgroup 6C...

  6. A comparative study of allowable pesticide residue levels on produce in the United States

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background The U.S. imports a substantial and increasing portion of its fruits and vegetables. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration currently inspects less than one percent of import shipments. While countries exporting to the U.S. are expected to comply with U.S. tolerances, including allowable pesticide residue levels, there is a low rate of import inspections and few other incentives for compliance. Methods This analysis estimates the quantity of excess pesticide residue that could enter the U.S. if exporters followed originating country requirements but not U.S. pesticide tolerances, for the top 20 imported produce items based on quantities imported and U.S. consumption levels. Pesticide health effects data are also shown. Results The model estimates that for the identified items, 120 439 kg of pesticides in excess of U.S. tolerances could potentially be imported to the U.S., in cases where U.S. regulations are more protective than those of originating countries. This figure is in addition to residues allowed on domestic produce. In the modeling, the top produce item, market, and pesticide of concern were oranges, Chile, and Zeta-Cypermethrin. Pesticides in this review are associated with health effects on 13 body systems, and some are associated with carcinogenic effects. Conclusions There is a critical information gap regarding pesticide residues on produce imported to the U.S. Without a more thorough sampling program, it is not possible accurately to characterize risks introduced by produce importation. The scenario presented herein relies on assumptions, and should be considered illustrative. The analysis highlights the need for additional investigation and resources for monitoring, enforcement, and other interventions, to improve import food safety and reduce pesticide exposures in originating countries. PMID:22293037

  7. Contacts in the Office of Pesticide Programs, Registration Division

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Registration Division (RD) is responsible product registrations, amendments, registrations, tolerances, experimental use permits, and emergency exemptions for conventional chemical pesticides. Find contacts in this division.

  8. 40 CFR 180.108 - Acephate; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... establishments, including food service, manufacturing and processing establishments, such as restaurants... avoid atomization or splashing of the spray. Contamination of food or food-contact surfaces shall be... PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific Tolerances § 180.108...

  9. A matrix solid-phase dispersion method for the extraction of seven pesticides from mango and papaya.

    PubMed

    Navickiene, Sandro; Aquino, Adriano; Bezerra, Débora Santos Silva

    2010-10-01

    A simple and effective extraction method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion was developed to determine trichlorfon, pyrimethanil, methyl parathion, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, imazalil, and tebuconazole in papaya and mango using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Different parameters of the method were evaluated, such as type of solid-phase (silica-gel, neutral alumina, and Florisil), the amount of solid-phase, and eluent [dichloromethane, ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (4:1, 1:4, 1:1, 2:3, v/v)]. The best results were obtained using 2.0 g of mango or papaya, 3.0 g of silica as dispersant sorbent, and ethyl acetate-dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) as eluting solvent. The method was validated using mango and papaya samples fortified with pesticides at different concentration levels (0.05, 0.10, and 1.0 mg/kg). Average recoveries (4 replicates) ranged from 80% to 146%, with relative standard deviations between 1.0% and 28%. Detection and quantification limits for mango and papaya ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg and 0.05 to 0.10 mg/kg, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of these compounds in commercial fruit samples from a local market (Aracaju/SE, Brazil), and residues of the pesticides were not detected on the samples.

  10. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  11. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  12. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  13. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1157 - Cytokinins; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... extract of seaweed meal and kinetin) in or on all food commodities when used as plant regulators on plants...

  15. Investigating the potential of metal-organic framework material as an adsorbent for matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of pesticides during analysis of dehydrated Hyptis pectinata medicinal plant by GC/MS.

    PubMed

    Aquino, Adriano; Ferreira, Jordana Alves; Navickiene, Sandro; Wanderley, Kaline A; de Sá, Gilberto F; Júnior, Severino A

    2012-01-01

    Metal-organic frameworks aluminum terephthalate MIL-53 and Cu-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) were tested for extraction of pyrimethanil, ametryn, dichlofluanid, tetraconazole, flumetralin, kresoximmethyl, and tebuconazole from the medicinal plant Hyptis pectinata, with analysis using GC/MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. Experiments carried out at different fortification levels (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/g) resulted in recoveries in the range 61 to 107% with RSD values between 3 and 12% for the metal-organic framework materials. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 and 0.05 to 0.1 microg/g, respectively, for the different pesticides studied. The method developed was linear over the range tested (0.04-20.0 microg/g), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9987 to 0.9998. Comparison of MIL-53 and Cu-BTC with C18-bonded silica showed good performance of the MIL-53 metal-organic framework as a sorbent for the pesticides tested.

  16. Development and validation of an SPME-GC method for a degradation kinetics study of propiconazole I, propiconazole II and tebuconazole in blueberries in Concordia, the main production area of Argentina.

    PubMed

    Munitz, Martín S; Medina, María B; Montti, María I T

    2017-05-01

    An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of propiconazole isomers and tebuconazole residues in blueberries was developed using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography. Confirmation was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected-ion monitoring mode. The SPME fibre coating selected was CWX-DVB, and the pH was adjusted to 7 with NaOH. The method is selective with adequate precision and high accuracy and sensitivity. Recoveries ranged between 97.4% and 98.9% for all compounds; and detection and quantification limits were respectively 0.21 and 0.49 μg kg -1 for propiconazole I; 0.16 and 0.22 μg kg -1 for propiconazole II; and 0.16 and 0.48 μg kg -1 for tebuconazole. The degradation of these fungicides in blueberries followed first-order rate kinetics. The half-life times for flowering and fruit set applications were respectively 4.0 and 10.3 days for propiconazole I, 4.0 and 11.4 days for propiconazole II, and 3.5 and 12.4 days for tebuconazole.

  17. 40 CFR 180.129 - o-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; tolerances for residues.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Specific... established for combined residues of the fungicide o-phenylphenol and sodium o-phenylphenate, each expressed...

  18. 77 FR 66715 - Fluridone; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-07

    ..., or pesticide manufacturer. The following list of North American Industrial Classification System... for which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in... emergency conditions, EPA has not made any decisions about whether fluridone meets FIFRA's registration...

  19. Reproductive disorders associated with pesticide exposure.

    PubMed

    Frazier, Linda M

    2007-01-01

    Exposure of men or women to certain pesticides at sufficient doses may increase the risk for sperm abnormalities, decreased fertility, a deficit of male children, spontaneous abortion, birth defects or fetal growth retardation. Pesticides from workplace or environmental exposures enter breast milk. Certain pesticides have been linked to developmental neurobehavioral problems, altered function of immune cells and possibly childhood leukemia. In well-designed epidemiologic studies, adverse reproductive or developmental effects have been associated with mixed pesticide exposure in occupational settings, particularly when personal protective equipment is not used. Every class of pesticides has at least one agent capable of affecting a reproductive or developmental endpoint in laboratory animals or people, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, herbicides, fungicides, fumigants and especially organochlorines. Many of the most toxic pesticides have been banned or restricted in developed nations, but high exposures to these agents are still occurring in the most impoverished countries around the globe. Protective clothing, masks and gloves are more difficult to tolerate in hot, humid weather, or may be unavailable or unaffordable. Counseling patients who are concerned about reproductive and developmental effects of pesticides often involves helping them assess their exposure levels, weigh risks and benefits, and adopt practices to reduce or eliminate their absorbed dose. Patients may not realize that by the first prenatal care visit, most disruptions of organogenesis have already occurred. Planning ahead provides the best chance of lowering risk from pesticides and remediating other risk factors before conception.

  20. 40 CFR 180.1070 - Sodium chlorite; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... agricultural practice as a seed-soak treatment in the growing of the raw agricultural commodities vegetable...

  1. 40 CFR 180.1070 - Sodium chlorite; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... agricultural practice as a seed-soak treatment in the growing of the raw agricultural commodities vegetable...

  2. 76 FR 55804 - Dicamba; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-09

    ... Considerations A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology Adequate enforcement methodologies, Methods I and II--gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD), are available to enforce the tolerance expression. The...

  3. 75 FR 22240 - Cyprodinil; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-28

    ... chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC/UV)) is available to enforce the tolerance expression on plant commodities. In addition, a high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method...

  4. THE EPA CHILDREN'S PESTICIDE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENT PROGRAM

    EPA Science Inventory

    The U.S. EPA's National Exposure Research Laboratory conducts research in support of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)) of 1996. FQPA requires that children's risks to pesticide exposures be considered during the tolerance-setting process. FQPA requires exposure assessme...

  5. 40 CFR 180.1019 - Sulfuric acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... good agricultural practice when used as a herbicide in the production of garlic and onions, and as a... from the use of sulfuric acid as an inert ingredient in a pesticide product used in irrigation...

  6. 76 FR 82146 - Tepraloxydim; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-30

    ... removes established tolerances for residues of tepraloxydim on ``Lentil, seed'' and ``Pea, dry, seed,'' as... toxicity via the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. It produces minimal [[Page 82148

  7. Earthworm tolerance to residual agricultural pesticide contamination: field and experimental assessment of detoxification capabilities.

    PubMed

    Givaudan, Nicolas; Binet, Françoise; Le Bot, Barbara; Wiegand, Claudia

    2014-09-01

    This study investigates if acclimatization to residual pesticide contamination in agricultural soils is reflected in detoxification, antioxidant enzyme activities and energy budget of earthworms. Five fields within a joint agricultural area exhibited different chemical and farming histories from conventional cultivation to organic pasture. Soil multiresidual pesticide analysis revealed up to 9 molecules including atrazine up to 2.4 ng g(-1) dry soil. Exposure history of endogeic Aporrectodea caliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica modified their responses to pesticides. In the field, activities of soluble glutathione-S-transferases (sGST) and catalase increased with soil pesticide contamination in A. caliginosa. Pesticide stress was reflected in depletion of energy reserves in A. chlorotica. Acute exposure of pre-adapted and naïve A. caliginosa to pesticides (fungicide Opus(®), 0.1 μg active ingredient epoxiconazole g(-1) dry soil, RoundUp Flash(®), 2.5 μg active ingredient glyphosate g(-1) dry soil, and their mixture), revealed that environmental pre-exposure accelerated activation of the detoxification enzyme sGST towards epoxiconazole. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. 78 FR 66651 - Imazapyr; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-06

    ... tolerances for imazapyr in or on grass, forage; grass, hay; fish; shellfish; fats of cattle, sheep, goats... requested from: Chief, Analytical Chemistry Branch, Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade...

  9. 77 FR 59558 - Sulfentrazone; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-28

    ... hay; wheat grain; wheat straw; and cowpea, succulent. The human health risk assessment used to support... Tolerances in/on: Rhubarb, Turnip Roots and Tops, Sunflower Subgroup 20B, Succulent Cowpea, Succulent Lima...

  10. 78 FR 60715 - Sedaxane; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-02

    ... 28-day dermal study did not show systemic toxicity at the limit dose of 1,000 milligrams/kilogram/day... Enforcement Methodology Adequate enforcement methodology is available to enforce the tolerance expression. A...

  11. 78 FR 76987 - Mandipropamid; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-20

    ... screening battery. No systemic or dermal toxicity was observed following dermal exposure for 28 days, up to... mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS), is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method...

  12. Pesticides in Ichkeul Lake-Bizerta Lagoon Watershed in Tunisia: use, occurrence, and effects on bacteria and free-living marine nematodes.

    PubMed

    Salem, Fida Ben; Said, Olfa Ben; Aissa, Patricia; Mahmoudi, Ezzeddine; Monperrus, Mathilde; Grunberger, Olivier; Duran, Robert

    2016-01-01

    This study aimed to identify the most commonly used agricultural pesticides around Ichkeul Lake-Bizerta Lagoon watershed. First survey of pesticide use on agricultural watershed was performed with farmers, Regional Commissioner for Agricultural Development, and pesticide dealers. Then, sediment contamination by pesticides and response of benthic communities (bacteria and free-living marine nematode) were investigated. The analysis of 22 active organochlorine pesticides in sediments was performed according to quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, biodiversity of indigenous bacterial community sediment was determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), and free-living marine nematodes were counted. The results of the field survey showed that iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D), glyphosate, and fenoxaprops were the most used herbicides, tebuconazole and epoxiconazole the most used fungicides, and deltamethrin the most used insecticide. Sixteen organochlorine pesticide compounds among the 22 examined were detected in sediments up to 2 ppm in Ichkeul Lake, endrin, dieldrin, and hexachlorocyclohexane being the most detected molecules. The most pesticide-contaminated site in the lake presented the higher density of nematode, but when considering all sites, no clear correlation with organochlorine pesticide (OCP) content could be established. The bacterial community structure in the most contaminated site in the lake was characterized by the terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) 97, 146, 258, 285, and 335 while the most contaminated site in the lagoon was characterized by the T-RFs 54, 263, 315, 403, and 428. Interestingly, T-RFs 38 and 143 were found in the most contaminated sites of both lake and lagoon ecosystems, indicating that they were resistant to OCPs and able to cope with environmental fluctuation of salinity. In contrast, the T-RFs 63, 100, 118, and 381 in the lake and the T

  13. 77 FR 4248 - Cyazofamid; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-27

    .../water/index.htm . Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does...

  14. 77 FR 48899 - Flutriafol; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-15

    ... cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, meal; cotton, refined oil; and cotton gin byproducts. This action is in..., and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) authorizing use of the pesticide on cotton. This regulation establishes a maximum permissible level for residues of flutriafol in or on cotton commodities. The time-limited...

  15. 78 FR 46267 - Trifluralin; Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-31

    ...), trifluralin was tested up to the limit dose (1000 mg/kg/day) and caused no systemic toxicity. Handler exposure... detection (ECD)) is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be requested from: Chief...

  16. 76 FR 17611 - Propylene Oxide; Proposed Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-30

    ...: This document proposes to amend the propylene oxide tolerance on ``nut, tree, group 14'' to ``nutmeat... ``nut, tree, group 14'' to read ``nutmeat, processed, except peanuts.'' A final rule published in the... the propylene oxide tolerance by replacing ``nutmeat, processed, except peanuts'' with ``nut, tree...

  17. 77 FR 20752 - Methyl Bromide; Proposed Pesticide Tolerance

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-06

    ... fumigated with methyl bromide requires a tolerance. Without a tolerance or exemption, food or feed... livestock feeding items resulting from fumigation of cottonseed with methyl bromide are covered by existing... produced from cottonseed fumigated with methyl bromide would not contain residues of methyl bromide...

  18. 77 FR 59561 - Sulfoxaflor; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-28

    ... metabolites and degradates in or on cotton, undelinted seed; cotton, gin byproducts; and cotton, hulls. This... Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) authorizing use of the pesticide on cotton. This... or on cotton, undelinted seed at 0.2 parts per million (ppm); cotton, gin byproducts at 6.0 ppm; and...

  19. Levels of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants (PCB, PBDE) and Pesticides in Honey Bee Pollen Sampled in Poland.

    PubMed

    Roszko, Marek Łukasz; Kamińska, Marta; Szymczyk, Krystyna; Jędrzejczak, Renata

    2016-01-01

    Chemical plant protection is a commonly discussed factor potentially responsible for decline in pollinators and other beneficial insect populations. Various groups of chemicals including persistent organic pollutants could impact a bee colony's welfare and are reported to be present in bee tissue and apiary products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of selected persistent organic pollutant and pesticide residues in bee pollen originating from different geographical regions of Poland. Pesticide residues were identified in 60% of tested bee pollen samples. The compounds identified were mainly active ingredients of fungicide preparations. Insecticide active ingredients were up to 30% of the identified residues. The triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid were the most frequently found pesticides in pollen. The highest pesticide concentration was determined for prothioconazole (356 μg kg-1). Mean concentrations of chlorinated biphenyls-EC6 and EC12 were 194 pg g-1 and 74 pg g-1, respectively. CB # 28 has the greatest share in the EC6 profile (mean 61 pg g-1, 31% contribution). Relatively high contributions were also observed for CBs # 101 (35 pg g-1, 18%), # 138 (36 pg g-1, 19%) and # 153 (33 pg g-1, 17%). CB # 114 and 118 have the highest share in the dioxin-like biphenyls fraction with mean concentrations of 17.6 and 37.6 pg g-1 (respectively 23 and 50%). Mean calculated concentrations of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (Σ39 BDE) were 20 ± 27.7 pg g-1. High variability was observed between maximal and minimal determined concentration values. Individual BDEs were found at different frequencies and varying concentration levels. BDEs # 47, 75 and 99 dominated the profile with average concentrations of 3 pg g-1, 3.1 pg g-1, and 2.9 pg g-1, respectively.

  20. Levels of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants (PCB, PBDE) and Pesticides in Honey Bee Pollen Sampled in Poland

    PubMed Central

    Roszko, Marek Łukasz; Kamińska, Marta; Szymczyk, Krystyna; Jędrzejczak, Renata

    2016-01-01

    Chemical plant protection is a commonly discussed factor potentially responsible for decline in pollinators and other beneficial insect populations. Various groups of chemicals including persistent organic pollutants could impact a bee colony’s welfare and are reported to be present in bee tissue and apiary products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of selected persistent organic pollutant and pesticide residues in bee pollen originating from different geographical regions of Poland. Pesticide residues were identified in 60% of tested bee pollen samples. The compounds identified were mainly active ingredients of fungicide preparations. Insecticide active ingredients were up to 30% of the identified residues. The triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid were the most frequently found pesticides in pollen. The highest pesticide concentration was determined for prothioconazole (356 μg kg-1). Mean concentrations of chlorinated biphenyls–EC6 and EC12 were 194 pg g-1 and 74 pg g-1, respectively. CB # 28 has the greatest share in the EC6 profile (mean 61 pg g−1, 31% contribution). Relatively high contributions were also observed for CBs # 101 (35 pg g−1, 18%), # 138 (36 pg g−1, 19%) and # 153 (33 pg g−1, 17%). CB # 114 and 118 have the highest share in the dioxin-like biphenyls fraction with mean concentrations of 17.6 and 37.6 pg g−1 (respectively 23 and 50%). Mean calculated concentrations of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (Σ39 BDE) were 20 ± 27.7 pg g−1. High variability was observed between maximal and minimal determined concentration values. Individual BDEs were found at different frequencies and varying concentration levels. BDEs # 47, 75 and 99 dominated the profile with average concentrations of 3 pg g−1, 3.1 pg g−1, and 2.9 pg g−1, respectively. PMID:27907097

  1. 77 FR 32400 - Fenamidone; Pesticide Tolerance; Technical Amendment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-01

    ...., of the preamble, the text correctly listed the tolerance level for the commodity ``strawberry'' at 0... the tolerance level for ``strawberry'' at 0.15. This technical amendment corrects that error. III. Why... revising the entry for ``Strawberry'' in paragraph (d) to read as follows: Sec. [emsp14]180.579 Fenamidone...

  2. A star-shaped polythiophene dendrimer coating for solid-phase microextraction of triazole agrochemicals.

    PubMed

    Abolghasemi, Mir Mahdi; Habibiyan, Rahim; Jaymand, Mehdi; Piryaei, Marzieh

    2018-02-14

    A nanostructured star-shaped polythiophene dendrimer was prepared and used as a fiber coating for headspace solid phase microextraction of selected triazolic pesticides (tebuconazole, hexaconazole, penconazole, diniconazole, difenoconazole, triticonazole) from water samples. The dendrimer with its large surface area was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. It was placed on a stainless steel wire for use in SPME. The experimental conditions for fiber coating, extraction, stirring rate, ionic strength, pH value, desorption temperature and time were optimized. Following thermal desorption, the pesticides were quantified by GC-MS. Under optimum conditions, the repeatability (RSD) for one fiber (for n = 3) ranges from 4.3 to 5.6%. The detection limits are between 8 and 12 pg mL -1 . The method is fast, inexpensive (in terms of equipment), and the fiber has high thermal stability. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a nanostructured star-shaped polythiophene dendrimer for use in headspace solid phase microextraction of the triazolic pesticides (tebuconazole, hexaconazole, penconazole, diniconazole, difenoconazole, triticonazole). They were then quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  3. 40 CFR 180.1213 - Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1213 Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M... tolerance is established for residues of the microbial pesticide Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08...

  4. 40 CFR 180.1213 - Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91... PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1213 Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M... tolerance is established for residues of the microbial pesticide Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-08...

  5. 76 FR 11344 - Difenoconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-02

    ... be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to... review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance for mango, fruit from... there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential...

  6. 77 FR 26462 - Dimethomorph; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-04

    ... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... review of the data supporting the petitions, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance level and commodity....'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include...

  7. 78 FR 3333 - Spiromesifen; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-16

    ... oral, dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. It was neither an eye nor dermal irritant, but showed..., alphabetically, the commodity ``Tea, dry'' to read as follows: Sec. 180.607 Spiromesifen; tolerances for residues. (a) General. (1) * * * Parts per Commodity million * * * * * Tea, dry 40 * * * * * * * * * * [FR Doc...

  8. 77 FR 75561 - Quinclorac; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-21

    ..., subgroup 13- 07 H and rhubarb. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances.... There was no increased qualitative or quantitative fetal or offspring susceptibility in the prenatal... resorptions, post-implantation loss, decreased number of live fetuses, and reduced fetal body weight. These...

  9. 75 FR 6576 - Acetamiprid; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-10

    .... Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and... is a non- competitive inhibitor. Furthermore, even if future research shows that neonicotinoids share... of quantitative or qualitative susceptibility of rat or rabbit fetuses following in utero exposure to...

  10. 40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

  11. 40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

  12. 40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

  13. 40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1251 - Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Geraniol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1251 Geraniol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. An exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is established for residues of the biochemical pesticide geraniol...

  15. 40 CFR 180.1269 - Bacillus mycoides Isolate J: exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN... when used as a fungicide on pecans, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, and peppers in accordance with the...

  16. 77 FR 58045 - Clopyralid; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-19

    ... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... data supporting the petition, EPA has determined that the proposed tolerance on rapeseed subgroup 20A... exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure...

  17. 76 FR 18895 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-06

    ... Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS), the estimated drinking water concentration... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this.... Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance levels for...

  18. 76 FR 55807 - Novaluron; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-09

    .../Exposure Analysis Modeling System (PRZM/EXAMS) for parent novaluron in surface water; and the Screening... listed in this unit could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS... supporting the petition, EPA has revised the tolerances for sweet corn forage and determined it is not...

  19. 75 FR 53586 - Bifenazate; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-01

    ... characterized and were seen at dose(s) that produce evidence of overt systemic toxicity. These effects included... system, and these findings may be due to secondary effect of overt systemic toxicity. Further, there is... Adequate enforcement methodology is available to enforce the tolerance expression. High-performance liquid...

  20. 77 FR 48907 - Fludioxonil; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-15

    ... permanent and time-limited tolerances. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) and Syngenta Crop... pelvis in the presence of maternal toxicity. There was no quantitative or qualitative evidence of increased susceptibility to rats and rabbits following in utero exposure. There was also no quantitative or...

  1. ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE DEGRADATION UNDER DRINKING WATER TREATMENT CONDITIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 requires that all tolerances for pesticide chemical residuals in or on food be considered for anticipated exposure. Drinking water is considered a potential pathway for dietary exposure and there is reliable monitoring data for the ...

  2. Timing and Frequency of Sublethal Exposure Modifies the Induction and Retention of Increased Insecticide Tolerance in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus).

    PubMed

    Jones, Devin K; Yates, Erika K; Mattes, Brian M; Hintz, William D; Schuler, Matthew S; Relyea, Rick A

    2018-05-22

    While the paradigm for increased tolerance to pesticides has been by selection on constitutive (naïve) traits, recent research has shown it can also occur through phenotypic plasticity. However, the time period in which induction can occur, the duration of induced tolerance, and the influence of multiple induction events remain unknown. We hypothesized that the induction of increased pesticide tolerance is limited to early sensitive periods, the magnitude of induced tolerance depends on the number of exposures, and the retention of induced tolerance depends on the time elapsed after an exposure and the number of exposures. To test these hypotheses, we exposed wood frog tadpoles to either a no-carbaryl control (water) or 0.5 mg/L carbaryl at four time periods, and later tested their tolerance to carbaryl using time-to-death assays. We discovered that tadpoles induced increased tolerance early and midway, but not late, in our experiment and their constitutive tolerance increased with age. We found no difference in the magnitude of induced tolerance following one or two exposures. Lastly, induced pesticide tolerance was reversed within 6 d, but was retained only when tadpoles experienced all four consecutive exposures. Phenotypic plasticity provides an immediate response for sensitive amphibian larvae to early pesticide exposures and reduces phenotypic mismatches in aquatic environments contaminated by agrochemicals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

  3. 76 FR 76304 - Saflufenacil; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-07

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of saflufenacil in or on Banana; Coffee, green bean; and Mango... CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as... herbicide saflufenacil, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on Banana, whole fruit; Coffee...

  4. 77 FR 18710 - Acetamiprid; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-28

    ... System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this action might.... Based upon review of the data supporting the petitions, EPA has revised the tolerance associated with... exposures for which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in...

  5. 77 FR 3617 - Etoxazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-25

    ... affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist... the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified the levels at which some of the tolerances are... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

  6. 78 FR 40017 - Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-03

    .... The following list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended to... filing. Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has revised the tolerance expression... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

  7. 75 FR 5518 - Dithianon; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-03

    ... adequate methodology LC/MS/MS method (BASF 244882) is available for enforcing the proposed tolerance on grapes. Adequate multi-residue method testing data are available for dithianon and these data have been... docket index available at http://www.regulations.gov . Although listed in the index, some information is...

  8. 77 FR 75039 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-19

    ...- 671A) is available to enforce the tolerance expression. The method may be requested from: Chief... action, identified by docket identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0772, is available at http://www... additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

  9. 77 FR 56782 - Bifenthrin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-14

    ..., hay. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under the Federal Food... OCSPP test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test Methods and Guidelines.'' C. How can I file an objection or hearing request? Under...

  10. 78 FR 55635 - Prometryn; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-11

    .... Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and... test guidelines referenced in this document electronically, please go to http://www.epa.gov/ocspp and select ``Test Methods and Guidelines. C. How can I file an objection or hearing request? Under FFDCA...

  11. 77 FR 38199 - Propiconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-27

    ... group 12, except plum. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances under... experimental animals by the oral, dermal and inhalation routes. It is moderately irritating to the eyes, and... susceptible to its toxicity than rats. Decreased body weight gain in experimental animals was seen in...

  12. 77 FR 73940 - Flubendiamide; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-12

    ... in c/o Nichino America, Inc. (U.S. subsidiary of Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd.), P.O. Box 12014, Research... increases in the tolerances for pome fruit and wet apple pomace as follows: i. Acute exposure. Quantitative... level residues, assuming 100% of crops were treated. In addition, experimental processing (where...

  13. 40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

  15. 40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

  16. 40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

  17. 40 CFR 180.1177 - Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from... FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1177 Potassium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide potassium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance...

  18. Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in canned and fresh peach.

    PubMed

    Costa, Fabiane Pinho; Caldas, Sergiane Souza; Primel, Ednei Gilberto

    2014-12-15

    Original, citrate and acetate QuEChERS methods were studied in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency and the matrix effect in the extraction of pesticides from canned peach samples. Determinations were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The proposed method with extraction using the original QuEChERS method and determination by GC-MS was validated. LOQs ranged between 1 and 10 μg kg(-1) and all analytical curves showed r values higher than 0.99. Recovery values varied from 69% to 125% with RSDs less than 20%. The matrix effect was evaluated and most compounds showed signal enrichment. Robustness was demonstrated using fresh peaches, which provided recovery values within acceptable limits. The applicability of the method was verified and residues of tebuconazole and dimethoate were found in the samples. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. 77 FR 47296 - Flutriafol; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-08

    ... objections and hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or.... Tolerances were previously established on November 9, 2011 for banana, grape, raisin; pome and stone fruit... Imported Bananas,'' at p. 40 in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0875. [[Page 47298

  20. 75 FR 8261 - Flumioxazin; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-24

    ... Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether this... supporting the petition, EPA has revised the proposed tolerance on hop, dried cones. The reason for this... drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C...

  1. 75 FR 80346 - Flutolanil; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-22

    ... turnip greens. The Interregional Research Project Number 4 requested these tolerances under the Federal... the Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4), 500 College Road East, Suite 201W, Princeton, NJ... susceptibility of rat or rabbit fetuses to in utero exposure or rat pups to pre- and post-natal exposure to...

  2. Mycotoxins, pesticides and toxic metals in commercial spices and herbs.

    PubMed

    Reinholds, Ingars; Pugajeva, Iveta; Bavrins, Konstantins; Kuckovska, Galina; Bartkevics, Vadims

    2017-03-01

    A total of 300 samples representing six condiments (black pepper, basil, oregano, nutmeg, paprika, and thyme) were analysed for 11 mycotoxins, 134 pesticides and 4 heavy metals by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mycotoxins were detected in 4%, 10% and 30% of all nutmeg, basil and thyme samples, respectively. The residues of 24 pesticides were detected in 59% of the analysed condiments. The maximum residue levels of pesticides were exceeded in 10% of oregano and 46% of thyme samples. A risk assessment of heavy metals was performed, indicating daily intake levels far below the tolerable intake levels.

  3. 75 FR 26673 - Clethodim; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-12

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of clethodim in or on the raw agricultural commodity artichoke... clethodim, in or on the raw agricultural commodity artichoke, globe at 1.3 parts per million (ppm..., in or on the raw agricultural commodities artichoke, globe at 1.2 ppm, bushberry subgroup 13-07B at 0...

  4. 75 FR 35653 - Thiamethoxam; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-23

    ... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 180 [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0737; FRL-8830-4] Thiamethoxam... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of thiamethoxam in or on onion, dry bulb. Syngenta Crop... thiamethoxam (3-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5- oxadiazin-4-imine) and its...

  5. 78 FR 42693 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-17

    ....0 ppm, and strawberry at 6 ppm (proposed) for residues of hexythiazox and its metabolites containing... strawberry (representative commodity of CSG 13-07G). The current Codex MRL of 0.1 ppm for eggplant is based..., pome, group 11; caneberry subgroup 13A; grape; and strawberry from 40 CFR. These tolerances are being...

  6. 77 FR 49732 - Cyprodinil; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-17

    .../puree (1x) and lemon/lime juice (1x) were used to modify the tolerance values. iii. Cancer. Based on the... exposure takes into account short-term residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water... exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level). An...

  7. 40 CFR 180.1196 - Peroxyacetic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... antimicrobial treatment in solutions containing a diluted end use concentration of peroxyacetic acid up to 100... food commodities when used in sanitizing solutions containing a diluted end-use concentration of...

  8. 77 FR 66721 - Metconazole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-07

    ... information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a... tolerance shows that there will be no increase in the maximum reasonably balanced dietary burden for beef cattle, swine, or poultry but a small increase for diary cattle. There is no increase for beef cattle...

  9. 75 FR 12691 - Hexythiazox; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-17

    ... chemistry data to support the proposed tolerances for the stone fruit use, therefore, this action only...-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) used for establishing the chronic RfD (2.5 mg/kg/day, from the 1-year... hexythiazox as well as the NOAEL and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity...

  10. 76 FR 23891 - Pyrasulfotole; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-29

    ... regulation establishes or revises tolerances for residues of pyrasulfotole in or on grain sorghum, grass, and...); sorghum, forage at 1.2 ppm; sorghum, stover at 0.35 ppm; grass, hay at 2.5 ppm; and grass, forage at 10... levels for sorghum, grass; and livestock commodities. The reasons for these changes are explained in Unit...

  11. Elimination of fungicides in biopurification systems: Effect of fungal bioaugmentation on removal performance and microbial community structure.

    PubMed

    Murillo-Zamora, Sergio; Castro-Gutiérrez, Víctor; Masís-Mora, Mario; Lizano-Fallas, Verónica; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Carlos E

    2017-11-01

    Bioaugmentation with ligninolytic fungi represents a potential way to improve the performance of biomixtures used in biopurification systems for the treatment of pesticide-containing agricultural wastewater. The fungus Trametes versicolor was employed in the bioaugmentation of a biomixture to be used in the simultaneous removal of seven fungicides. Liquid cultures of the fungus were able to remove tebuconazole, while no evidence of carbendazim, metalaxyl and triadimenol depletion was found. When applied in the biomixture, the bioaugmented matrix failed to remove all the triazole fungicides (including tebuconazole) under the assayed conditions, but was efficient to eliminate carbendazim, edifenphos and metalaxyl (the latter only after a second pesticide application). The re-addition of pesticides markedly increased the elimination of carbendazim and metalaxyl; nonetheless, no clear enhancement of the biomixture performance could be ascribed to fungal bioaugmentation, not even after the re-inoculation of fungal biomass. Detoxification efficiently took place in the biomixture (9 d after pesticide applications) according to acute tests on Daphnia magna. DGGE-analysis revealed only moderate time-divergence in bacterial and fungal communities, and a weak establishment of T. versicolor in the matrix. Data suggest that the non-bioaugmented biomixture is useful for the treatment of fungicides other than triazoles. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. 77 FR 10381 - Metaflumizone; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of metaflumizone in or on citrus fruit, tree nuts, almond... metaflumizone, in or on: Fruit, citrus, group 10 at 0.04 ppm; nut, tree, group 14 at 0.04 ppm; almond, hulls at... Registration for a Fire Ant Bait for Application to Citrus, Tree Nuts, and Grape, and a new Section 3...

  13. 76 FR 61592 - Isopyrazam; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-05

    ... regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of isopyrazam in or on banana. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc... provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk... isopyrazam, in or on banana at 0.05 ppm parts per million (ppm). That notice referenced a summary of the...

  14. 76 FR 23882 - Metiram; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-29

    ... regulation establishes tolerances for residues of metiram in or on bananas and wine grapes. BASF Corporation... requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b). In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the... bananas (whole fruit) at 5.0 parts per million (ppm) and grapes at 7.0 ppm. That notice referenced a...

  15. 77 FR 41081 - Sulfentrazone; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-12

    ... 0.15 ppm; crop group 13-07 berry and small fruit at 0.15 ppm; crop group 14 tree nut and pistachio...), Citrus Fruit Group 10-10, Low-Growing Berry Group 13-07, Tree Nut Group 14, Pistachios, and Crop Group 18....15 ppm; pistachio at 0.15 ppm; and section 180.498 (c) tolerances [[Page 41087

  16. 78 FR 57276 - Quinoxyfen; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-18

    ... or on grape; pepper, bell; pepper, nonbell; and strawberry as they will be superseded by crop group... grape at 0.60 ppm; strawberry at 0.90 ppm; pepper, bell at 0.35 ppm; and pepper, nonbell at 1.7 ppm, as..., strawberries, and peppers. EPA is raising the level of the requested U.S. tolerances for residues of quinoxyfen...

  17. 75 FR 75389 - Metrafenone; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-03

    ... and wine grapes at 4.5 parts per million (ppm), juice grapes at 0.45 ppm, and raisin grapes at 17 ppm... that the proposed tolerances for wine and juice grapes are not needed. The reason for this change is... residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure level...

  18. Proteome response of fish under multiple stress exposure: Effects of pesticide mixtures and temperature increase.

    PubMed

    Gandar, Allison; Laffaille, Pascal; Marty-Gasset, Nathalie; Viala, Didier; Molette, Caroline; Jean, Séverine

    2017-03-01

    Aquatic systems can be subjected to multiple stressors, including pollutant cocktails and elevated temperature. Evaluating the combined effects of these stressors on organisms is a great challenge in environmental sciences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the molecular stress response of an aquatic fish species subjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures. For that, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were acclimated to two different temperatures (22 and 32°C) for 15 days. They were then exposed for 96h to a cocktail of herbicides and fungicides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin and tebuconazole) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations of 8.4μgL -1 and 42μgL -1 ) at these two temperatures (22 and 32°C). The molecular response in liver was assessed by 2D-proteomics. Identified proteins were integrated using pathway enrichment analysis software to determine the biological functions involved in the individual or combined stress responses and to predict the potential deleterious outcomes. The pesticide mixtures elicited pathways involved in cellular stress response, carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolisms, methionine cycle, cellular functions, cell structure and death control, with concentration- and temperature-dependent profiles of response. We found that combined temperature increase and pesticide exposure affected the cellular stress response: the effects of oxidative stress were more marked and there was a deregulation of the cell cycle via apoptosis inhibition. Moreover a decrease in the formation of glucose by liver and in ketogenic activity was observed in this multi-stress condition. The decrease in both pathways could reflect a shift from a metabolic compensation strategy to a conservation state. Taken together, our results showed (1) that environmental cocktails of herbicides and fungicides induced important

  19. 40 CFR 180.1040 - Ethylene glycol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Ethylene glycol; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1040 Ethylene glycol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Ethylene glycol as a component of pesticide formulations is exempt from the requirement of a tolerance when...

  20. Chronic toxicity of a triazole fungicide tebuconazole on the growth and metabolic activities of heterocystous, nitrogen-fixing paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica Janet.

    PubMed

    Nirmal Kumar, J I; Bora, Anubhuti; Amb, Manmeet Kaur

    2010-07-01

    This study explored the chronic and harmful effects of different doses of the triazole fungicide, tebuconazole, on the growth, and metabolic and enzymatic variations in the filamentous paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica Janet. The growth of the cyanobacterium was determined by an estimation of the change in pigment contents. Chlorophyll-a, carotenoids and accessory pigments such as phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, were shown to decline over a 16-day period by a factor of 92%, 93%, 83%, 95% and 100%, respectively, with increasing doses of the fungicide. Metabolic and enzymatic activities were also adversely affected. Over the 16 days, a gradual rise in the total phenol content was recorded when Westiellopsis prolifica Janet was treated with 60 ppm of the fungicide, despite the reduction in carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids by 96%, 92% and 90%, respectively. Moreover, the enzymes nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also registered reductions of 93%, 90% and 98%, respectively. This study indicates that tebuconazole, although an important fungicide used extensively in rice fields, exhibits an inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolic activities of Westiellopsis prolifica Janet and hence possibly on other varieties as well.

  1. Economic and policy issues of U.S. agricultural pesticide use trends.

    PubMed

    Osteen, Craig D; Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge

    2013-09-01

    This paper discusses U.S. agricultural pesticide use trends from 1964 to 2010 based on estimates developed from USDA surveys, and the influence of economic factors, agricultural policy, and pesticide regulation on aggregate quantities and mix of pesticides used. Synthetic organic pesticide use grew dramatically from the 1960s to the early 1980s, as farmers treated more and more acreage. Use then stabilized, with herbicides applied to about 95% of corn, cotton, and soybean acres, annually. Subsequently, major factors affecting trends were: (1) changes in crop acreage and other economic factors, (2) use of new pesticides that reduced per-acre application rates and/or met more rigorous health and environmental standards, and (3) adoption of genetically engineered insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant crops. The use of pesticides and other control practices responded to economic factors such as input and output markets and agricultural policies. Changing societal values toward pesticide risks and benefits profoundly affected pesticide policy, influencing the pesticides available for use, but only indirectly affecting aggregate quantities used. While the current pesticide regulatory process might have economic inefficiencies, it might be consistent with policy preferences held by much of the public-to reduce pesticide hazards rather than minimize regulatory costs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

  2. 75 FR 29441 - Novaluron; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-26

    ... amend existing tolerances of novaluron in or on poultry, fat from 0.40 ppm to 7.0 ppm; poultry, meat from 0.03 ppm to 0.40 ppm; poultry, meat byproducts from 0.04 ppm to 0.80 ppm; hog, fat from 0.05 ppm..., Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade, MD 20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2905; e-mail...

  3. 40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1176 Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

  4. 40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1176 Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

  5. 40 CFR 180.1176 - Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the... Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1176 Sodium bicarbonate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The biochemical pesticide sodium bicarbonate is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance in or on all raw...

  6. Assessmet of temporal distribution of pesticide residues in vineyard soils of La Rioja (Spain)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pose Juan, Eva; Herrero Hernandez, Eliseo; Soledad Andrades, Maria; Rodriguez Cruz, Maria Sonia; Sanchez Martin, Maria Jesus

    2013-04-01

    The use and application of pesticides in vineyard is a common practice, which is important to prevent pest and diseases and improve the crop health and production, but on the other hand it could involve a potential risk for humans and the environment. For this reason, it is important to develop and validate a simple and fast multiresidue method to determine the presence of these compounds in soils. La Rioja region (Spain) is one of the most important wine-growing regions in Spain, which also entails that could be an important area of pesticide pollution. The objective of this work is to assess the temporal distribution of the possible pesticide pollution in soils from different areas of La Rioja (Spain). The pesticides selected in this study included fungicides (metalaxyl, and its metabolite CGA62826, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, myclobutanil, kresoxim-methyl, triadimenol and flutriafol); herbicides (fluometuron, terbuthylazine and its metabolites desethylterbuthylazine and hydroxyterbuthylazine, lenacil, ethofumesate and acetochlor) and insecticides (methoxyfenozide and pirimicarb). The pesticide residues were evaluated by two analytical techniques, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (GC-MS and LC-MS). The extraction procedure of pesticides from soils was optimized using two soil samples (blank soils) with different texture and characteristics collected from areas without pesticide application. Recoveries were studied in soil samples fortified with all pesticides at two levels of concentrations (the agronomic dose, 0.1 mg kg-1, and ten times this dose, 1 mg kg-1). Different extraction solvents were tested. The best results were obtained with methanol:acetone (50:50) mixture or methanol:CaCl2 0.01 M (50:50) mixture for hydroxyterbuthylazine and CGA62826. The accuracy (average recovery) and precision (reproducibility and repeatability) of the method were assessed using six replicates and the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were

  7. ESTIMATING SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS FOR FIELD EVALUATIONS OF PESTICIDE LEACHING

    EPA Science Inventory

    A method is presented for estimating the number of samples needed to evaluate pesticide leaching threats to ground water at a desired level of precision. Sample size projections are based on desired precision (exhibited as relative tolerable error), level of confidence (90 or 95%...

  8. 40 CFR 180.1225 - Decanoic acid; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., breweries, wineries, beverage and food processing plants. [68 FR 7939, Feb. 19, 2003; 68 FR 17308, Apr. 9... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD... acid (up to 170 ppm per application) on food contact surfaces such as equipment, pipelines, tanks, vats...

  9. 77 FR 8755 - Receipt of a Pesticide Petition Filed for Temporary Tolerance Exemption for Residues of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-15

    ... manufacturing (NAICS code 311). Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532). This listing is not intended to be... Environmental protection, Agricultural commodities, Feed additives, Food additives, Pesticides and pests...

  10. Linking land use with pesticides in Dutch surface waters.

    PubMed

    Van't, Zelfde M T; Tamis, W L M; Vijver, M G; De Snoo, G R

    2012-01-01

    Compared with other European countries The Netherlands has a relatively high level of pesticide consumption, particularly in agriculture. Many of the compounds concerned end up in surface waters. Surface water quality is routinely monitored and numerous pesticides are found to be present in high concentrations, with various standards being regularly exceeded. Many standards-breaching pesticides exhibit regional patterns that can be traced back to land use. These patterns have been statistically analysed by correlating surface area per land use category with standards exceedance per pesticide, thereby identifying numerous significant correlations with respect to breaches of both the ecotoxicological standard (Maximum Tolerable Risk, MTR) and the drinking water standard. In the case of the MTR, greenhouse horticulture, floriculture and bulb-growing have the highest number as well as percentage of standard-breaching pesticides, despite these market segments being relatively small in terms of area cropped. Cereals, onions, vegetables, perennial border plants and pulses are also associated with many pesticides that exceed the drinking water standard. When a correction is made for cropped acreage, cereals and potatoes also prove to be a major contributor to monitoring sites where the MTR standard is exceeded. Over the period 1998-2006 the land-use categories with the most and highest percentage of standards-exceeding pesticides (greenhouse horticulture, bulb-growing and flower cultivation) showed an increase in the percentage of standards-exceeding compounds.

  11. Seasonal and spatial dynamic of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in an Argentinian watershed.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perez, Debora; Okada, Elena; Menone, Mirta; Aparicio, Virginia; Costa, Jose Luis

    2017-04-01

    The Argentinian Pampa region is the major agricultural zone, in which, the agricultural lands are strongly linked to surface waters. However, Argentina has not regulation for most of the current -used pesticides (CUPs) in surface water to protect the aquatic life. The objective of this work was to study the seasonal and spatial variations of CUPs in surface waters of "El Crespo" stream, and to determine the maximum levels reached to evaluate the possible impact on aquatic life. "El Crespo" stream is only influenced by farming activities, with intensive crop systems upstream (US) and extensive livestock production downstream (DS). It is an optimal site for pesticide monitoring studies since there are no urban or industrial inputs into the system. Water samples were collected monthly from October 2014 to October 2015 in the US and DS sites by triplicate using 1 L polypropylene bottles and stored at -20°C until analysis. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The most frequently detected residues (>40%) were glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite amino methylphosphonic acid (AMPA), atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, 2,4-D, metsulfuron methyl, fluorocloridone, imidacloprid, tebuconazole and epoxiconazole, which are used in the crops cultivated in the area (i.e. soybean, potato, maize and wheat). Individual analysis showed that the herbicide GLY and its metabolite AMPA presented seasonal and spatial variations. The highest concentrations of GLY and AMPA were detected in US site during spring 2014 (2.09 ± 0.39 and 1.13 ± 0.56 µg/L, respectively) and in DS during summer 2015 (1.06 ± 1.02 and 0.20 ± 0.23 µg/L). Comparing total CUPs concentration between sites, a significant increase in UP site during spring 2014 (4.03 ± 0.43 µg/L) in relation to DS (1.54 ± 1.17 µg/L) was observed, may be due to pesticide applications during fallow and transport via surface runoff. Data generated in the present

  12. Pesticide body burden of the crustacean Gammarus pulex as a measure of toxic pressure in agricultural streams.

    PubMed

    Shahid, Naeem; Becker, Jeremias Martin; Krauss, Martin; Brack, Werner; Liess, Matthias

    2018-06-22

    Risk assessments of toxicants in aquatic environments are typically based on the evaluation of concentrations in water or sediment. However, concentrations in water are highly variable, while the body burden may provide a better time-integrated measure of pesticide exposure and potential effects in aquatic organisms. Here, we quantified pesticide body burdens in a dominant invertebrate species from agricultural streams, Gammarus pulex, compared them pesticide concentrations in water samples, and linked the pesticide contamination with observed ecological effects on macroinvertebrate communities. In total, 19 of 61 targeted analytes were found in the organisms, ranging from 0.037 to 93.94 ng g-1 (wet weight). Neonicotinoids caused the highest toxic pressure among the pesticides detected in G. pulex. Using linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs), we derived equivalent pesticide concentrations in stream water based on the body burden. These equivalent concentrations correlated with the concentrations in water samples collected after run-off (65% of variance explained). Pesticide pressure significantly affected the aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure, expressed as SPEARpesticides, and caused, on average, threefold increased insecticide tolerance in G. pulex as a result of adaptation. The toxic pressure derived from body burden and from water samples similarly explained the change in community structure (68% and 64%). However, the increased tolerance of G. pulex to pesticides was better explained by the toxicity derived from body burden (70%) than by the toxicity from water samples (53%). We conclude that the internal body burden of macroinvertebrates is suitable to assess the overall pesticide exposure and effects in agricultural streams.

  13. 40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

  14. 40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

  15. 40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

  16. 40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

  17. 40 CFR 180.1189 - Methyl salicylate; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... food or feed when used as an insect repellant in food packaging and animal feed packaging at an application rate that does not exceed 0.2 mg of methyl salicylate per square inch of packaging materials. [62... AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL RESIDUES IN FOOD...

  18. Key parameters and practices controlling pesticide degradation efficiency of biobed substrates.

    PubMed

    Karanasios, Evangelos; Karpouzas, Dimitrios G; Tsiropoulos, Nikolaos G

    2012-01-01

    We studied the contribution of each of the components of a compost-based biomixture (BX), commonly used in Europe, on pesticide degradation. The impact of other key parameters including pesticide dose, temperature and repeated applications on the degradation of eight pesticides, applied as a mixture, in a BX and a peat-based biomixture (OBX) was compared and contrasted to their degradation in soil. Incubation studies showed that straw was essential in maintaining a high pesticide degradation capacity of the biomixture, whereas compost, when mixed with soil, retarded pesticide degradation. The highest rates of degradation were shown in the biomixture composed of soil/compost/straw suggesting that all three components are essential for maximum biobed performance. Increasing doses prolonged the persistence of most pesticides with biomixtures showing a higher tolerance to high pesticide dose levels compared to soil. Increasing the incubation temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C resulted in lower t(1/2) values, with biomixtures performing better than soil at the lower temperature. Repeated applications led to a decrease in the degradation rates of most pesticides in all the substrates, with the exception of iprodione and metalaxyl. Overall, our results stress the ability of biomixtures to perform better than soil under unfavorable conditions and extreme pesticide dose levels. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

  19. 77 FR 35295 - Methyl Bromide; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-13

    .... SUMMARY: This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of methyl bromide in or on cotton... on cotton, undelinted seed at 150 parts per million (ppm). EPA issued a proposed rule that explained... were accurate. According to USDA, drought conditions in Texas have reduced cotton production by 13...

  20. 78 FR 53047 - Halosulfuron-methyl; Pesticide Tolerances

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-28

    ... caneberry subgroup 13-07A. The Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested these tolerances..., which are frequently characterized by reduced body weight/body weight gain in the test animals. In the... similar dose level. In the rabbit developmental toxicity study, increases in resorptions and post...

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