Tc-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scanning in Chagas' disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goncalves da Rocha, A.F.; Meguerian, B.A.; Harbert, J.C.

1981-04-01

Chagas' disease is a serious protozoan infection affecting up to 20% of populations in some endemic areas. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy occur in 50% of patients who go on to develop chronic Chagas's disease. We have studied a patient with no overt cardiac symptoms who revealed intense myocardial uptake of Tc-99m pyrophosphate. The significance of this finding in relation to early detection and progress of therapy is explored.

Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for technetium pertechnetate thyroid uptake measurement

PubMed Central

Lee, Hyunjong; Kim, Ji Hyun; Kang, Yeon-koo; Moon, Jae Hoon; So, Young; Lee, Won Woo

2016-01-01

Abstract Objectives: Technetium pertechnetate (99mTcO4) is a radioactive tracer used to assess thyroid function by thyroid uptake system (TUS). However, the TUS often fails to deliver accurate measurements of the percent of thyroid uptake (%thyroid uptake) of 99mTcO4. Here, we investigated the usefulness of quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) after injection of 99mTcO4 in detecting thyroid function abnormalities. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 50 patients (male:female = 15:35; age, 46.2 ± 16.3 years; 17 Graves disease, 13 thyroiditis, and 20 euthyroid). All patients underwent 99mTcO4 quantitative SPECT/CT (185 MBq = 5 mCi), which yielded %thyroid uptake and standardized uptake value (SUV). Twenty-one (10 Graves disease and 11 thyroiditis) of the 50 patients also underwent conventional %thyroid uptake measurements using a TUS. Results: Quantitative SPECT/CT parameters (%thyroid uptake, SUVmean, and SUVmax) were the highest in Graves disease, second highest in euthyroid, and lowest in thyroiditis (P < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis test). TUS significantly overestimated the %thyroid uptake compared with SPECT/CT (P < 0.0001, paired t test) because other 99mTcO4 sources in addition to thyroid, such as salivary glands and saliva, contributed to the %thyroid uptake result by TUS, whereas %thyroid uptake, SUVmean and SUVmax from the SPECT/CT were associated with the functional status of thyroid. Conclusions: Quantitative SPECT/CT is more accurate than conventional TUS for measuring 99mTcO4 %thyroid uptake. Quantitative measurements using SPECT/CT may facilitate more accurate assessment of thyroid tracer uptake. PMID:27399139

The scintigraphic investigation of sacroiliac disease.

PubMed

Lentle, B C; Russell, A S; Percy, J S; Jackson, F I

1977-06-01

Bone scintigraphs obtained with both Technetium-99m polyphosphate and Technetium-99m pyrophosphate have been abnormal at the sacroiliac joints of 44 patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Because of the normal registration of the sacroiliac joints on bone scintigraphy, it has been necessary to develop a profile-scan technique to quantify the abnormality that proves to be significantly different from the normal finding. In 17 patients with a strong clinical suspicion of AS but normal radiographs, the sacroiliac joints have frequently been abnormal. This finding is meaningful because there is a common occurence in this group of the histocompatibility antigen HL A-B27, known to be a marker of AS. We also note the frequency of abnormal sacroiliac scinitigrams in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in a group of other diseases-Crohn's disease, uveitis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and Reiter's disease-all of which share some of the manifestations of AS.

A biokinetic model for systemic technetium in adult humans

DOE PAGES

Leggett, Richard Wayne; Giussani, Augusto

2015-04-10

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) currently is updating its biokinetic and dosimetric models for internally deposited radionuclides. Technetium (Tc), the lightest element that exists only in radioactive form, has two important isotopes from the standpoint of potential risk to humans: the long-lived isotope 99Tm(T 1/2=2.1x10 5 y) is present in high concentration in nuclear waste, and the short-lived isotope 99mTc (T 1/2=6.02 h) is the most commonly used radionuclide in diagnostic nuclear medicine. This paper reviews data on the biological behavior of technetium and proposes a biokinetic model for systemic technetium in the adult human body formore » use in radiation protection. Compared with the ICRP s current occupational model for systemic technetium, the proposed model provides a more realistic description of the paths of movement of technetium in the body; provides greater consistency with experimental and medical data; and, for most radiosensitive organs, yields substantially different estimates of cumulative activity (total radioactive decays within the organ) following uptake of 99Tm or 99mTc to blood.« less

Creatine kinase MB isoenzyme in dermatomyositis: a noncardiac source

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larca, L.J.; Coppola, J.T.; Honig, S.

1981-03-01

Three patients with polymyositis had elevated serum levels of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. The presence of this isoenzyme is used extensively to diagnose myocardial infarction, but the isoenzyme is also found in sera of patients with primary muscular and neuromuscular disorders. Researchers studied cardiac function in two of our patients with electrocardiograms, technetium stannous pyrophosphate scanning, and technetium 99m-labeled erythrocyte gated blood pool imaging and in the third patient by postmortem examination. There was no evidence of myocardial involvement to account for the high serum levels of isoenzyme. Creatine kinase MB in the sera of patients with polymyositis does notmore » necessarily indicate myocardial necrosis.« less

Imaging experimental intraabdominal abscesses with 99mTc-PEG liposomes and 99mTc-HYNIC IgG.

PubMed Central

Dams, E T; Reijnen, M M; Oyen, W J; Boerman, O C; Laverman, P; Storm, G; van der Meer, J W; Corstens, F H; van Goor, H

1999-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m-labeled polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (99mTc-PEG liposomes) and technetium-99m-labeled nonspecific human immunoglobulin G (99mTc-HYNIC IgG) for the scintigraphic detection of experimental intraabdominal abscesses in comparison with that of a standard agent, gallium-67 citrate. BACKGROUND: Scintigraphic imaging techniques can be very useful for the rapid and accurate localization of intraabdominal abscesses. Two newly developed radiolabeled agents, 99mTc-PEG liposomes and 99mTc-HYNIC IgG, have shown to be excellent agents for imaging experimental focal infection, but have not yet been studied in the detection of abdominal abscesses. METHODS: Intraabdominal abscesses were induced in 42 rats using the cecal ligation and puncture technique. Seven days later, randomized groups of rats received 99mTc-PEG liposomes, 99mTc-HYNIC IgG, or 67Ga citrate intravenously. The rats were imaged up to 24 hours after the injection. The biodistribution of the radiolabel was determined by counting dissected tissues ex vivo. Macroscopic intraabdominal abnormalities and focal uptake on the images were independently scored on a semiquantitative scale. RESULTS: 99mTc-PEG liposomes provided the earliest scintigraphic visualization of the abscess (as soon as 2 hours after the injection vs. 4 hours for the other two agents). Liposomes, IgG, and gallium all showed similarly high absolute uptake in the abscess. Focal uptake of liposomes and gallium correlated best with the extent of the macroscopic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: 99mTc-PEG liposomes and 99mTc-HYNIC IgG performed at least as well as the standard agent, 67Ga citrate, in the detection of experimental intraabdominal abscesses, with obvious advantages such as lower radiation exposure and more favorable physical properties. Of the two technetium agents, the liposomes seemed to be superior, providing the earliest diagnostic image and the best correlation with the inflammatory abnormalities. In addition, the preferential localization of radiolabeled PEG liposomes holds promise for targeted delivery of liposome-encapsulated drugs. Images Figure 1. PMID:10203089

Effects of concurrent drug therapy on technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate biodistribution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hinkle, G.H.; Basmadjian, G.P.; Peek, C.

Drug interactions with /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate resulting in altered biodistribution were studied using chart review and animal tests. Charts of nine patients who had abnormal gallbladder uptake of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate during a two-year period were reviewed to obtain data such as concurrent drug therapy, primary diagnosis, and laboratory values. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were then used for testing the biodistribution of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate when administered concurrently with possibly interacting drugs identified in the chart review--penicillamine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin V potassium, acetaminophen, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Chart review revealed no conclusive patterns of altered biodistribution associated withmore » other factors. The data did suggest the possibility that the five drugs listed above might cause increased hepatobiliary clearance of the radiopharmaceutical. Animal tests showed that i.v. penicillamine caused substantial distribution of radioactivity into the gallbladder and small bowel. Minimally increased gallbladder radioactivity occurred when oral acetaminophen and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were administered concurrently. Oral and i.v. penicillins did not increase gallbladder activity. Penicillamine may cause substantial alteration of the biodistribution of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate.« less

Technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging for detecting prosthetic joint infection in a rabbit model.

PubMed

Tang, Cheng; Wang, Feng; Hou, Yanjie; Lu, Shanshan; Tian, Wei; Xu, Yan; Jin, Chengzhe; Wang, Liming

2015-05-01

Accurate and timely diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is essential to initiate early treatment and achieve a favorable outcome. In this study, we used a rabbit model to assess the feasibility of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V for detecting prosthetic joint infection. Right knee arthroplasty was performed on 24 New Zealand rabbits. After surgery, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was intra-articularly injected to create a model of prosthetic joint infection (the infected group, n = 12). Rabbits in the control group were injected with sterile saline (n = 12). Seven and 21 days after surgery, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging was performed in 6 rabbits of each group. Images were acquired 1 and 4 hours after injection of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V (150 MBq). The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios were calculated for quantitative analysis. Seven days after surgery, increased technetium-99m-labeled annexin V uptake was observed in all cases. However, at 21 days a notable decrease was found in the control group, but not in the infected group. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the infected group were 1.84 ± 0.29 in the early phase and 2.19 ± 0.34 in the delay phase, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02). The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the delay phase at 21 days was the best indicator, with an accuracy of 80%. In conclusion, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging could effectively distinguish an infected prosthetic joint from an uninfected prosthetic joint in a rabbit model.

PREDICTION OF RELAPSE FROM HYPERTHYROIDISM FOLLOWING ANTITHYROID MEDICATION WITHDRAWAL USING TECHNETIUM THYROID UPTAKE SCANNING.

PubMed

Nakhjavani, Manouchehr; Abdollahi, Soraya; Farzanefar, Saeed; Abousaidi, Mohammadtagi; Esteghamati, Alireza; Naseri, Maryam; Eftekhari, Mohamad; Abbasi, Mehrshad

2017-04-02

Technetium thyroid uptake (TTU) is not inhibited by antithyroid drugs (ATD) and reflects the degree of thyroid stimulation. We intended to predict the relapse rate from hyperthyroidism based on TTU measurement. Out of 44 initially enrolled subjects, 38 patients aged 41.6 ± 14.6 with Graves disease (duration: 84 ± 78 months) completed the study. TTU was performed with 40-second imaging of the neck and mediastinum 20 minutes after injection of 1 mCi technetium-99m pertechnetate. TTU was measured as the percentage of the count of activity accumulated in the thyroidal region minus the mediastinal background uptake to the count of 1 mCi technetium-99m under the same acquisition conditions. Then methimazole was stopped and patients were followed. The optimal TTU cutoff value for Graves relapse prediction was calculated using Youden's J statistic. Hyperthyroidism relapsed in 11 (28.9%) patients 122 ± 96 (range: 15-290) days post-ATD withdrawal. The subjects in remission were followed for 209 ± 81 days (range: 88-390). TTU was significantly higher in patients with forthcoming relapse (12.0 ± 8.0 vs. 3.9 ± 2.0, P = .007). The difference was significant after adjustment for age, sex, history of previous relapse, disease duration, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before withdrawal. The area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.87. The optimal TTU cutoff value for classification of subjects with relapse and remission was 8.7 with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of 73%, 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4-29.3). TTU evaluation in hyperthyroid patients receiving antithyroid medication is an accurate and practical method for predicting relapse after ATD withdrawal. ATD = antithyroid drugs RIU = radio-iodine uptake TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone TSI = thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin TTU = technetium thyroid uptake.

Abnormal scintigraphic evolution in AA hepatic amyloidosis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lomena, F.; Rosello, R.; Pons, F.

1988-03-01

A patient with AA amyloidosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis showed intense liver uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone imaging. The biopsy showed hepatic amyloid deposition. A repeat bone scan with Tc-99m MDP 1 year later was negative, although the clinical signs and liver function tests of the patient had not changed. A mechanism might exist, other than the affinity of amyloid to calcium, which would explain the extraosseous uptake of pyrophosphates and diphosphonates in organs and soft tissues affected by systemic amyloidosis.

Quantitative estimation of infarct size by simultaneous dual radionuclide single photon emission computed tomography: comparison with peak serum creatine kinase activity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kawaguchi, K.; Sone, T.; Tsuboi, H.

1991-05-01

To test the hypothesis that simultaneous dual energy single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with technetium-99m (99mTc) pyrophosphate and thallium-201 (201TI) can provide an accurate estimate of the size of myocardial infarction and to assess the correlation between infarct size and peak serum creatine kinase activity, 165 patients with acute myocardial infarction underwent SPECT 3.2 +/- 1.3 (SD) days after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. In the present study, the difference in the intensity of 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation was assumed to be attributable to difference in the volume of infarcted myocardium, and the infarct volume was corrected by the ratiomore » of the myocardial activity to the osseous activity to quantify the intensity of 99mTc-pyrophosphate accumulation. The correlation of measured infarct volume with peak serum creatine kinase activity was significant (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01). There was also a significant linear correlation between the corrected infarct volume and peak serum creatine kinase activity (r = 0.71, p less than 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed a high correlation between corrected volume and peak creatine kinase activity in patients with anterior infarctions (r = 0.75, p less than 0.01) but a poor correlation in patients with inferior or posterior infarctions (r = 0.50, p less than 0.01). In both the early reperfusion and the no reperfusion groups, a good correlation was found between corrected infarct volume and peak serum creatine kinase activity (r = 0.76 and r = 0.76, respectively; p less than 0.01).« less

Use of blood-pool imaging in evaluation of diffuse activity patterns in technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy.

PubMed

Cowley, M J; Mantle, J A; Rogers, W J; Russell, R O; Rackley, C E; Logic, J R

1979-06-01

It has been suggested that diffuse Tc-99m pyrophosphate precordial activity may be due to persistent blood-pool activity in routine delayed views during myocardial imaging. To answer this question, we reviewed myocardial scintigrams recorded 60--90 min following the injection of 12--15 mCi of Tc-99m pyrophosphate for the presence of diffuse precordial activity, and compared these with early images of the blood pool in 265 patients. Diffuse activity in the delayed images was identified in 48 patients: in 20 with acute myocardial infarction and in 28 with no evidence of it. Comparison of these routine delayed images with early views of the blood pool revealed two types of patterns. In patients with acute infarction, 95% had delayed images that were distinguishable from blood pool either because the activity was smaller than the early blood pool, or by the presence of localized activity superimposed on diffuse activity identical to blood pool. In those without infarction, 93% had activity distribution in routine delayed views matching that in the early blood-pool images. The usefulness of the diffuse TcPPi precordial activity in myocardial infarction is improved when early blood-pool imaging is used to exclude persistence of blood-pool activity as its cause. Moreover, it does not require additional amounts of radioactivity nor complex computer processing, a feature that may be of value in the community hospital using the technique to "rule out" infarction 24--72 hr after onset of suggestive symptoms.

Synthesis of Tc-99m labeled 1,2,3-triazole-4-yl c-met binding peptide as a potential c-met receptor kinase positive tumor imaging agent.

PubMed

Kim, Eun-Mi; Joung, Min-Hee; Lee, Chang-Moon; Jeong, Hwan-Jeong; Lim, Seok Tae; Sohn, Myung-Hee; Kim, Dong Wook

2010-07-15

The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), which is related to tumor cell growth, angiogenesis and metastases, is known to be overexpressed in several tumor types. In this study, we synthesized technetium-99m labeled 1,2,3-triazole-4-yl c-Met binding peptide (cMBP) derivatives, prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis and the 'click-to-chelate' protocol for the introduction of tricarbonyl technetium-99m, as a potential c-Met receptor kinase positive tumor imaging agent, and evaluated their in vitro c-Met binding affinity, cellular uptake, and stability. The (99m)Tc labeled cMBP derivatives ([(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]12, [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]13, and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]14) were prepared in 85-90% radiochemical yields. The cold surrogate cMBP derivatives, [Re(CO)(3)]12, [Re(CO)(3)]13, and [Re(CO)(3)]14, were shown to have high binding affinities (0.13 microM, 0.06 microM, and 0.16 microM, respectively) to a purified cMet/Fc chimeric recombinant protein. In addition, the in vitro cellular uptake and inhibition studies demonstrated the high specific binding of these (99m)Tc labeled cMBP derivatives ([(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]12-14) to c-Met receptor positive U87MG cells. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of metabolic alterations on the accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled d, l-HMPAO in slices of rat cerebral cortex

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ahn, C.S.; Tow, D.E.; Yu, C.C.

1994-03-01

It is widely recognized that the distribution of technetium-99m-labeled d,l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) in the brain is determined by the regional blood flow. However, other factors may affect this process including the metabolism of the brain tissue. To examine this possibility we studied the effects of metabolic alterations on {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO uptake in rat brain cortex slices, with concurrent measurement of oxygen consumption (QO{sub 2}). {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO uptake was determined by incubating slices of rat cerebral cortex at 37{degrees}C in Krebs-Ringer phosphate glucose medium containing {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO with and without test substances. Differential gradients for {sup 99m}Tc activity betweenmore » the tissue and the suspending medium (T/M ratio) were derived from the equation T/M[{sup 99m}Tc] = counts per gram of tissue/counts per milliliter of medium. The QO{sub 2} of the brain slices was measured using a biological oxygen monitor equipped with a polarographic oxygen probe. Inhibitors affecting oxidative phosphorylation caused parallel suppression of the T/M ratio and QO{sub 2}. Agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation increased the QO{sub 2} and decreased the T/M ratio. Incubation of slices at 22{degrees}C depressed the T/M ratio and QO{sub 2}. The presence of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation in the incubation medium increased the release of {sup 99m}Tc activity from slices that had been prelabeled with {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO. These findings suggest that the altered metabolic status of the brain tissue modulates the kinetics and net accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO at the cellular level by either depressing uptake, increasing back-diffusion, or both. 33 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.« less

Comparison of technetium-99m-HM-PAO leukocytes with indium-111-oxine leukocytes for localizing intraabdominal sepsis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mountford, P.J.; Kettle, A.G.; O'Doherty, M.J.

Technetium-99m-HM-PAO (({sup 99m}Tc)HM-PAO) leukocyte and indium-111-oxine (111In-oxine) leukocyte scanning were carried out simultaneously in 41 patients at 4 hr and 24 hr after reinjection to determine whether the 4-hr {sup 99m}Tc scan could replace the 24-hr {sup 111}In scan for detecting intraabdominal sepsis. Abdominal infection was confirmed in 12 cases. The 4-hr {sup 99}Tc-leukocyte scan, the 4-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scan, and the 24-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scan yielded a sensitivity of 100%, 67%, and 100%, respectively, and a specificity of 62%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. The 24-hr {sup 99m}Tc-leukocyte scan also produced a sensitivity of 100%, but it was falsely positivemore » in all 29 cases without infection due to physiologic bowel uptake. False-positive 4-hr {sup 99m}Tc-leukocyte scans were also produced by physiologic bowel uptake in seven cases all of whom had true-negative 4-hr and 24-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scans. Because of the high incidence of false-positive 4-hr ({sup 99m}Tc)HM-PAO leukocyte scans, it was concluded that they could not replace 24-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scans for detecting intraabdominal sepsis, and that serial {sup 99m}Tc leukocyte scans starting earlier than 4 hr after reinjection must be evaluated.« less

Technetium-99m: basic nuclear physics and chemical properties.

PubMed

Castronovo, F P

1975-05-01

The nuclear physics and chemical properties of technetium-99m are reviewed. The review of basic nuclear physics includes: classification of nuclides, nuclear stability, production of radionuclides, artificial production of molybdenum-99, production of technetium 99m and -99Mo-99mTc generators. The discussion of the chemistry of technetium includes a profile of several -99mCc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.

Significance of technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid scintigraphy in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

PubMed

Takashima, Tsuyoshi; Kishi, Tomoya; Onozawa, Koji; Rikitake, Shuichi; Miyazono, Motoaki; Otsuka, Takateru; Irie, Hiroyuki; Iwakiri, Ryuichi; Fujimoto, Kazuma; Ikeda, Yuji

2015-01-01

It is thought that a large amount of albumin leaking from the glomerulus in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule and catabolized. Therefore, it is possible the final quantity of urinary protein does not always reflect the amount of leakage of protein from the glomerulus. We experienced two cases without nephrotic range proteinuria thought to involve hypoproteinemia due to the same pathophysiology as NS. On these patients, we performed protein leakage scintigraphy with technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-HSAD) to exclude a diagnosis of protein-losing gastroenteropathy and observed diffuse positive accumulation in the kidneys with more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration. In healthy adults intravenously given 99mTc-HSAD, the same dynamics are observed as in albumin metabolism, and the organ radioactivity of the liver and kidneys after 24 hours is equal. Therefore, we thought it was possible that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration was a characteristic finding of NS. In order to confirm it, the subjects were divided into two groups: the NS group (n = 10) and the non-NS group (n = 7). We defined more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration as Dense Kidney (+). Furthermore, we designed regions of interest in the right and left kidneys and liver on anterior and posterior images, then calculated the kidney-liver ratio. Nine of the ten patients had Dense Kidney (+) in the NS group, compared to none in the non-NS group. And the kidney-liver ratio was significantly higher in the NS group than in the non-NS group on each view in the bilateral kidneys. In conclusion, our results suggest that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration is a characteristic finding of NS.

Rhenium and technetium complexes that bind to amyloid-β plaques.

PubMed

Hayne, David J; North, Andrea J; Fodero-Tavoletti, Michelle; White, Jonathan M; Hung, Lin W; Rigopoulos, Angela; McLean, Catriona A; Adlard, Paul A; Ackermann, Uwe; Tochon-Danguy, Henri; Villemagne, Victor L; Barnham, Kevin J; Donnelly, Paul S

2015-03-21

Alzheimer's disease is associated with the presence of insoluble protein deposits in the brain called amyloid plaques. The major constituent of these deposits is aggregated amyloid-β peptide. Technetium-99m complexes that bind to amyloid-β plaques could provide important diagnostic information on amyloid-β plaque burden using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Tridentate ligands with a stilbene functional group were used to form complexes with the fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re or (99m)Tc) core. The rhenium carbonyl complexes with tridentate co-ligands that included a stilbene functional group and a dimethylamino substituent bound to amyloid-β present in human frontal cortex brain tissue from subjects with Alzheimer's disease. This chemistry was extended to make the analogous [(99m)Tc(I)(CO)3](+) complexes and the complexes were sufficiently stable in human serum. Whilst the lipophilicity (log D7.4) of the technetium complexes appeared ideally suited for penetration of the blood-brain barrier, preliminary biodistribution studies in an AD mouse model (APP/PS1) revealed relatively low brain uptake (0.24% ID g(-1) at 2 min post injection).

Increased technetium-99 m hydroxy diphosphonate soft tissue uptake on bone scintigraphy in chronic kidney disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: correlation with hyperphosphataemia.

PubMed

Enevoldsen, Lotte Hahn; Heaf, James; Højgaard, Liselotte; Zerahn, Bo; Hasbak, Philip

2017-03-01

In bone scan patients with dialysis-treated chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperparathyroidism, soft tissue accumulation of technetium-99 m hydroxy/methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99 m-HDP/MDP) has been reported primarily in case reports and usually explained by hypercalcaemia and/or hyperphosphataemia. As human vascular smooth muscle cells produce hydroxyapatite during cell culture with increased phosphate levels and as Tc-99 m-HDP/MDP primarily binds to hydroxyapatite, we hypothesized that soft tissue accumulation would be found in patients with hyperphosphataemia. We identified 63 CKD patients diagnosed with secondary hyperparathyroidism admitted for Tc-99 m-HDP bone scan. Baseline characteristics and mean concentrations of biochemical markers (including P-calcium and P-phosphate) taken 0-3 months prior to the bone scans were collected. Soft tissue uptake was detected on bone scans in 37 of 63 (59%) patients. Primary locations were in the heart (27/37 = 73%), muscles (12/37 = 32%), lung (9/37 = 24%) and gastrointestinal tract (6/37 = 16%), and 13 of 37 (35%) patients had simultaneous uptake in more than one location. Regarding biochemical markers, patients with soft tissue uptake only differed from patients without in terms of plasma phosphate levels (1·95 ± 0·15 (n = 37) versus 1·27 ± 0·08 (n = 26), P = 0·0012). All patients with myocardial uptake (n = 27) had a coronary arteriography-verified history of coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas CAD was only present in six of the 36 patients without myocardial uptake. In conclusion, dialysis-treated CKD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism have a high incidence of soft tissue uptake, and this finding is strongly correlated with elevated phosphate, but not calcium values. © 2015 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Influence of proton-pump inhibitors on stomach wall uptake of 99mTc-tetrofosmin in cadmium-zinc-telluride SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

PubMed

Mouden, Mohamed; Rijkee, Karlijn S; Schreuder, Nanno; Timmer, Jorik R; Jager, Pieter L

2015-02-01

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) induce potentially interfering stomach wall activity in single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-sestamibi. However, no data are available for (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin. We assessed the influence of prolonged (>2 weeks) PPI use on the stomach wall uptake of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin in patients referred for stress MPI with a cadmium-zinc-telluride-based SPECT camera and its relation with dyspepsia symptoms. Consecutive patients (n=127) underwent a 1-day adenosine stress-first SPECT-MPI with (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin, of whom 54 (43%) patients had been on PPIs for more than 2 weeks. Stomach wall activity was identified on stress SPECT using computed tomographic attenuation maps and was scored using a four-point grading scale into clinically relevant (scores 2 or 3) or nonrelevant (scores 0 or 1).Patients on PPIs had stomach wall uptake more frequently as compared with patients not using PPIs (22 vs. 7%, P=0.017). Dyspepsia was similar in both groups. Prolonged use of PPIs is associated with stomach wall uptake of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin in stress cadmium-zinc-telluride-SPECT images. Gastric symptoms were not associated with stomach wall uptake.

Differences in the intracellular processing of the radiolabel following the uptake of iodine-125- and technetium-99m-neogalactosyl albumin by the isolated perfused rat liver

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gore, S.; Morris, A.I.; Gilmore, I.T.

1991-03-01

Neogalactosyl albumin (NGA) is a synthetic ligand to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (hepatic binding protein), which has been proposed as a useful receptor binding radiopharmaceutical for the noninvasive assessment of liver function. We have compared the uptake and intracellular processing of iodine-125- (125I) and technetium-99m- ({sup 99m}Tc) NGA following its administration as a 1-min pulse (147 pmol) to the isolated perfused rat liver. Approximately 40% of a pulse of either {sup 125}I- or {sup 99m}Tc-NGA were taken up first pass by the liver. Of the {sup 125}I taken up by the liver, 82% was released after 15-20 min at the sinusoidalmore » pole of the hepatocyte, predominantly as small molecular weight metabolites. A further 8% of the {sup 125}I-associated radioactivity was secreted as intact NGA into bile by the non-lysosomal (direct) pathway while 6% remained in the liver 1 hr after the pulse. In contrast, of the {sup 99m}Tc taken up by the liver, only 4% reappeared in the perfusate while 40% was secreted into bile by the lysosomal (indirect) pathway and 55% remained in the liver 1 hr after the pulse. Since labeled metabolites of {sup 99m}Tc-NGA do not appear in plasma, this permits kinetic modeling with {sup 99m}Tc-NGA without correction for labeled metabolites. Thus, {sup 99m}Tc-NGA is an excellent candidate as a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical.« less

Radiolabeled Rhein as Small-Molecule Necrosis Avid Agents for Imaging of Necrotic Myocardium.

PubMed

Luo, Qi; Jin, Qiaomei; Su, Chang; Zhang, Dongjian; Jiang, Cuihua; Fish, Anne Folta; Feng, Yuanbo; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Yin, Zhiqi

2017-01-17

A rapid and accurate identification of necrotic myocardium is of great importance for diagnosis, risk stratification, clinical decision-making, and prognosis evaluation of myocardial infarction. Here, we explored technetium-99m labeled rhein derivatives for rapid imaging of the necrotic myocardium. Three hydrazinonicotinic acid-linker-rhein (HYNIC-linker-rhein) derivatives were synthesized, and then, these synthetic compounds were labeled with technetium-99m using ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA) and tricine as coligands [ 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-linker-rhein]. The necrosis avidity of the three 99m Tc-labeled rhein derivatives was tested in a mouse model of ethanol-induced muscular necrosis by gamma counting, histochemical staining, and autoradiography. A lead tracer for visualization of necrotic myocardium was assessed by single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging in a rat model with reperfused myocardial infarction. The necrosis avidity mechanism of the tracer was explored by DNA binding studies in vitro and blocking experiments in vivo. Results showed that the uptake in necrotic muscles of the three 99m Tc-compounds was higher than that in viable muscles (P < 0.001). Autoradiography and histochemical staining results were consistent with selective uptake of the radiotracer in the necrotic regions. Among the these tracers, 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-ethylenediamine-rhein [ 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein] displayed the best distribution profiles for imaging. The necrotic myocardium lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein at 1 h after injection. The necrotic-to-viable myocardium and necrotic myocardium-to-blood uptake ratios of 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein were 4.79 and 3.02 at 1 h after injection. DNA binding studies suggested HYNIC-linker-rhein bound to DNA through intercalation. The uptake of 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein in necrotic muscle was significantly blocked by excessive unlabeled rhein, with 77.61% decline at 1 h after coinjection. These findings suggested 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein emerged as a "hot spot" imaging probe that has a potential for rapid imaging of necrotic myocardium. The necrosis avidity mechanism of 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-linker-rhein may be due to its interaction with exposed DNA in necrotic tissues.

Association of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma with thyroid cancer presenting as "trapping only" nodule at 99mTcO4- scintigraphy.

PubMed

dell'Erba, L; Gerundini, P; Caputo, M; Bagnasco, M

2003-11-01

Rarely may a non-hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule present as "hot" at Technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) and "cold" at radioiodine scintigraphy at late acquisitions. We report the case of a hyperthyroid female patient whose 99mTcO4- scintigraphy showed two "hot" nodules, whereas Iodide-131 (131I-) revealed a lack of indicator uptake by the larger, and intense uptake by the smaller nodule. The patient underwent surgery: histology demonstrated that the larger nodule, mismatched at pertechnetate vs iodine scintigraphy, was a papillary carcinoma. Our suggestion is to perform thyroid scintigraphy with radioiodine in hyperthyroid patients with more than one nodule concentrating pertechnetate, especially when an ultrasonographic pattern possibly suspect for malignancy is present.

Functional investigation of bone implant viability using radiotracers in a new model of osteonecrosis

PubMed Central

Schiper, Luis; Faintuch, Bluma Linkowski; da Silva Badaró, Roberto José; de Oliveira, Erica Aparecida; Chavez, Victor E. Arana; Chinen, Elisangela; Faintuch, Joel

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVES: Conventional imaging methods are excellent for the morphological characterization of the consequences of osteonecrosis; however, only specialized techniques have been considered useful for obtaining functional information. To explore the affinity of radiotracers for severely devascularized bone, a new mouse model of isolated femur implanted in a subcutaneous abdominal pocket was devised. To maintain animal mobility and longevity, the femur was harvested from syngeneic donors. Two technetium-99m-labeled tracers targeting angiogenesis and bone matrix were selected. METHODS: Medronic acid and a homodimer peptide conjugated with RGDfK were radiolabeled with technetium-99m, and biodistribution was evaluated in Swiss mice. The grafted and control femurs were evaluated after 15, 30 and 60 days, including computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. RESULTS: Radiolabeling achieved high (>95%) radiochemical purity. The biodistribution confirmed good blood clearance 1 hour after administration. For 99mTc-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC)-E-[c(RGDfK)2, remarkable renal excretion was observed compared to 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP), but the latter, as expected, revealed higher bone uptake. The results obtained in the control femur were equal at all time points. In the implanted femur, 99mTc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)2 uptake was highest after 15 days, consistent with early angiogenesis. Regarding 99mTc-MDP in the implant, similar uptake was documented at all time points, consistent with sustained bone viability; however, the uptake was lower than that detected in the control femur, as confirmed by histology. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Graft viability was successfully diagnosed using radiotracers in severely ischemic bone at all time points. 2) Analogously, indirect information about angiogenesis could be gathered using 999mTc-HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)2. 3) These techniques appear promising and warrant further studies to determine their potential clinical applications. PMID:27759852

Comparison of LDPI to SPECT perfusion imaging using (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate in a murine ischemic hind limb model of neovascularization.

PubMed

Hendrikx, Geert; Vries, Mark H; Bauwens, Matthias; De Saint-Hubert, Marijke; Wagenaar, Allard; Guillaume, Joël; Boonen, Levinia; Post, Mark J; Mottaghy, Felix M

2016-12-01

We aimed to determine the accuracy of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) in an animal model for hind limb ischemia. We used a murine (C57Bl/6 mice) ischemic hind limb model in which we compared LDPI with the clinically used (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT perfusion imaging (n = 7). In addition, we used the SPECT tracer (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate ((99m)Tc-PyP) to image muscular damage (n = 6). LDPI indicated a quick and prominent decrease in perfusion immediately after ligation, subsequently recovering to 21.9 and 25.2 % 14 days later in the (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-PyP group, respectively. (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT scans also showed a quick decrease in perfusion. However, nearly full recovery was reached 7 days post ligation. Muscular damage, indicated by the uptake of (99m)Tc-PyP, was highest at day 3 and recovered to baseline levels at day 14 post ligation. Postmortem histology supported these findings, as a significantly increased collateral diameter was found 7 and 14 days after ligation and peak macrophage infiltration and TUNEL positivity was found on day 3 after ligation. Here, we indicate that LDPI strongly underestimates perfusion recovery in a hind limb model for profound ischemia.

Calculation of therapeutic activity of radioiodine in Graves' disease by means of Marinelli's formula, using technetium (99mTc) scintigraphy.

PubMed

Szumowski, Piotr; Mojsak, Małgorzata; Abdelrazek, Saeid; Sykała, Monika; Amelian-Fiłonowicz, Anna; Jurgilewicz, Dorota; Myśliwiec, Janusz

2016-12-01

The therapeutic activity of 131 I administered to patients with Graves' disease can be calculated by means of Marinelli's formula. The thyroidal iodine uptake ( 131 IU max ) needed for the calculation is usually determined with the use of 131 I. The purpose of the paper was to estimate 131 IU max on the basis of technetium uptake in the thyroid at 20 min ( 99m TcU 20min ). Eighty patients suffering from Graves' disease were qualified for radioiodine therapy with measurement of fT 4 , fT 3 , thyroid-stimulating hormone and its receptor (TRAb). Prior to the treatment, all the patients were euthyroid. 131 IU max for each patient was determined according to the levels of 131 I after 24 h ( 131 IU 24h ), while effective half-life (T eff ) according to the measurements of 131 IU 24h and 131 I uptake after 48 h ( 131 IU 48h ). Additionally, on the day before measuring 131 IU 24h , 99m TcU 20min was calculated for each patient. It was demonstrated that there existed a correlation, with statistical significance at p < 0.05, between the following pairs of values: TRAb and 131 IU 24h , TRAb and 99m TcU 20min , and 99m TcU 20min and 131 IU 24h . The interdependence between 131 IU 24h and 99m TcU 20min at the level of significance p < 0.05 is described by the following algorithms: 131 IU 24h  = 17.72 × ln ( 99m TcU 20min ) + 30.485, if TRAb < 10 IU/ml, and 131 IU 24h  = 18.03 × ln ( 99m TcU 20min ) + 38.726, if TRAb > 10 IU/ml. It is possible to predict thyroid iodine uptake 131 IU 24h in Graves' disease on the basis of measuring the uptake of 99m TcU 20min . This shortens the time necessary for diagnosis and enables the calculation of 131 I activity using Marinelli's formula.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA as a novel hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging agent.

PubMed

Yang, Wenjiang; Mou, Tiantian; Zhang, Xianzhong; Wang, Xuebin

2010-01-01

A novel bifunctional coupling agents-biomolecular compound DMP-NGA was prepared by coupling the SATP with galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA). The DMP-NGA was labeled with technetium-99m, and the radiochemical purity in excess of 98% after purified with HPLC. In vivo biodistribution showed that (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA had very high initial liver uptake with good retention. The liver accumulated 99.35+/-9.77%, 74.25+/-3.03%, 52.47+/-7.58% of the injected dose per gram at 5, 30 and 120min after injection, respectively. It had relative higher initial liver uptake and much lower blood uptake than that of (99m)Tc-GSA. The liver/blood ratio reached 83.4 at 30min post-injection, while the ratio of liver/kidney was 14.4. The uptakes in other organs in the abdomen were also slightly low. In addition, the hepatic uptake of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA was blocked by preinjecting free GSA as blocking agent. The result indicates that (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA has specific binding to ASGP receptor. Images acquired with Kodak In-Vivo Imaging System FX Pro showed significant difference before and after inhibition. The promising biological properties of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA afford potential applications in liver receptor imaging for assessment of hepatocyte function.

Significance of Technetium-99m Human Serum Albumin Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Scintigraphy in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

PubMed Central

Takashima, Tsuyoshi; Kishi, Tomoya; Onozawa, Koji; Rikitake, Shuichi; Miyazono, Motoaki; Otsuka, Takateru; Irie, Hiroyuki; Iwakiri, Ryuichi; Fujimoto, Kazuma; Ikeda, Yuji

2015-01-01

It is thought that a large amount of albumin leaking from the glomerulus in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule and catabolized. Therefore, it is possible the final quantity of urinary protein does not always reflect the amount of leakage of protein from the glomerulus. We experienced two cases without nephrotic range proteinuria thought to involve hypoproteinemia due to the same pathophysiology as NS. On these patients, we performed protein leakage scintigraphy with technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-HSAD) to exclude a diagnosis of protein-losing gastroenteropathy and observed diffuse positive accumulation in the kidneys with more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration. In healthy adults intravenously given 99mTc-HSAD, the same dynamics are observed as in albumin metabolism, and the organ radioactivity of the liver and kidneys after 24 hours is equal. Therefore, we thought it was possible that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration was a characteristic finding of NS. In order to confirm it, the subjects were divided into two groups: the NS group (n = 10) and the non-NS group (n = 7). We defined more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration as Dense Kidney (+). Furthermore, we designed regions of interest in the right and left kidneys and liver on anterior and posterior images, then calculated the kidney-liver ratio. Nine of the ten patients had Dense Kidney (+) in the NS group, compared to none in the non-NS group. And the kidney-liver ratio was significantly higher in the NS group than in the non-NS group on each view in the bilateral kidneys. In conclusion, our results suggest that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration is a characteristic finding of NS. PMID:25859658

10 CFR Appendix B to Part 30 - Quantities 1 of Licensed Material Requiring Labeling

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Technetium-97m 100 Technetium-97 100 Technetium-99m 100 Technetium-99 10 Tellurium-125m 10 Tellurium-127m 10 Tellurium-127 100 Tellurium-129m 10 Tellurium-129 100 Tellurium-131m 10 Tellurium-132 10...

10 CFR Appendix B to Part 30 - Quantities 1 of Licensed Material Requiring Labeling

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Technetium-97m 100 Technetium-97 100 Technetium-99m 100 Technetium-99 10 Tellurium-125m 10 Tellurium-127m 10 Tellurium-127 100 Tellurium-129m 10 Tellurium-129 100 Tellurium-131m 10 Tellurium-132 10...

Diagnosis of Pediatric Hyperthyroidism: Technetium 99 Uptake Versus Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins

PubMed Central

Misra, Madhusmita; Levitsky, Lynne L.

2015-01-01

Background: Treatment with antithyroid drugs is effective in conditions of increased thyroid hormone production (mostly Graves' Disease; GD), but not in subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) make GD likely. However, not all children with GD have increased TSI. Uptake studies with 123I or 99Tc (99mTc) provide accurate and rapid diagnosis but are expensive and involve radiation exposure. Our objective was to compare TSI with 99mTc uptake for diagnosis of pediatric hyperthyroidism. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of hyperthyroid children who had both TSI estimation and 99mTc uptake assessment at presentation. Based on subsequent laboratory studies and follow-up, 37 had GD and 10 had non-GD thyroiditis. The TSI index was considered positive (TSI+) when it was above the upper limit of normal. 99mTc uptake was considered positive (Tc+) for any uptake >0.4% and negative (and low) (Tc-) for uptake ≤0.4%. Results: Forty-seven youth (83% females), aged 12.3±4.6 years, presented with a suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. All 37 patients with GD were Tc+ (100% sensitivity and specificity). The sensitivity of TSI for diagnosing GD was 84%, and the specificity was 100%. Six patients with GD were discordant with Tc+ but TSI–. Elevated TSI correlated with Tc+ (p=0.01) with a degree of agreement (kappa) of 0.69. Conclusion: 99mTc has excellent specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing GD. Given additional costs of 99mTc (two and a half times as much as TSI), it is reasonable to reserve 99mTc uptake assessment for hyperthyroidism of unclear etiology and negative TSI. PMID:25257665

Diagnosis of pediatric hyperthyroidism: technetium 99 uptake versus thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins.

PubMed

Baskaran, Charumathi; Misra, Madhusmita; Levitsky, Lynne L

2015-01-01

Treatment with antithyroid drugs is effective in conditions of increased thyroid hormone production (mostly Graves' Disease; GD), but not in subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) make GD likely. However, not all children with GD have increased TSI. Uptake studies with (123)I or (99)Tc ((99m)Tc) provide accurate and rapid diagnosis but are expensive and involve radiation exposure. Our objective was to compare TSI with (99m)Tc uptake for diagnosis of pediatric hyperthyroidism. We performed a retrospective chart review of hyperthyroid children who had both TSI estimation and (99m)Tc uptake assessment at presentation. Based on subsequent laboratory studies and follow-up, 37 had GD and 10 had non-GD thyroiditis. The TSI index was considered positive (TSI+) when it was above the upper limit of normal. (99m)Tc uptake was considered positive (Tc+) for any uptake >0.4% and negative (and low) (Tc-) for uptake ≤0.4%. Forty-seven youth (83% females), aged 12.3±4.6 years, presented with a suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. All 37 patients with GD were Tc+ (100% sensitivity and specificity). The sensitivity of TSI for diagnosing GD was 84%, and the specificity was 100%. Six patients with GD were discordant with Tc+ but TSI-. Elevated TSI correlated with Tc+ (p=0.01) with a degree of agreement (kappa) of 0.69. (99m)Tc has excellent specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing GD. Given additional costs of (99m)Tc (two and a half times as much as TSI), it is reasonable to reserve (99m)Tc uptake assessment for hyperthyroidism of unclear etiology and negative TSI.

(99m)Tc-pyrophosphate scintigraphy for differentiating light-chain cardiac amyloidosis from the transthyretin-related familial and senile cardiac amyloidoses.

PubMed

Bokhari, Sabahat; Castaño, Adam; Pozniakoff, Ted; Deslisle, Susan; Latif, Farhana; Maurer, Mathew S

2013-03-01

Differentiating immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) from transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidoses (ATTR) is imperative given implications for prognosis, therapy, and genetic counseling. We validated the discriminatory ability of (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate ((99m)Tc-PYP) scintigraphy in AL versus ATTR. Forty-five subjects (12 AL, 16 ATTR wild type, and 17 ATTR mutants) underwent (99m)Tc-PYP planar and single-photon positive emission computed tomography cardiac imaging. Scans were performed by experienced nuclear cardiologists blinded to the subjects' cohort assignment. Cardiac retention was assessed with both a semiquantitative visual score (range, 0; no uptake to 3, diffuse uptake) and by quantitative analysis by drawing a region of interest over the heart corrected for contralateral counts and calculating a heart-to-contralateral ratio. Subjects with ATTR cardiac amyloid had a significantly higher semiquantitative cardiac visual score than the AL cohort (2.9±0.06 versus 0.8±0.27; P<0.0001) as well as a higher quantitative score (1.80±0.04 versus 1.21±0.04; P<0.0001). Using a heart-to-contralateral ratio >1.5 consistent with intensely diffuse myocardial tracer retention had a 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity with area under the curve 0.992, P<0.0001 for identifying ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. (99m)Tc-PYP cardiac imaging distinguishes AL from ATTR cardiac amyloidosis and may be a simple, widely available method for identifying subjects with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, which should be studied in a larger prospective manner.

99mTc-N4-[Tyr3]Octreotate Versus 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Tyr3]Octreotide: an intrapatient comparison of two novel Technetium-99m labeled tracers for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.

PubMed

Gabriel, Michael; Decristoforo, Clemens; Maina, Theodosia; Nock, Berthold; vonGuggenberg, Elisabeth; Cordopatis, Paul; Moncayo, Roy

2004-02-01

Tetraamine-[Tyr3]octreotate (Demotate) is a somatostatin (SST) analogue that can be easily labeled with 99mTc at high specific activities and showed promising preclinical properties for SST receptor scintigraphy. This study reports on the first intra-patient comparison of 99mTc-Demotate and another 99mTc-labeled SST analogue, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (HYNIC-TOC). Five patients with carcinoid tumors (n = 2) and endocrine pancreatic tumors (n = 3) were investigated with both radiopharmaceuticals. 99mTc-Demotate rapidly visualized somatostatin receptor positive tumors as early as 15 minutes post-injection (p.i.) with maximum tumor uptake and tumor/organ ratios already 1 hour p.i. Organs of predominant physiological uptake were the spleen and the kidneys with no intestinal excretion detectable up to 24 hours. 99mTc-Demotate exhibited faster pharmacokinetic properties compared to HYNIC-TOC. Tumor/organ ratios at equivalent time points were higher or comparable for 99mTc-Demotate in three patients with a matching scan result. Equivocal findings were observed in two patients, i.e. comparable uptake behavior in larger lesions with differences in smaller ones. 99mTc-Demotate is a promising agent for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy providing images of excellent quality as early as 1 hour after injection.

Absent 99mTc-MIBI Uptake in the Thyroid Gland during Early Phase of Parathyroid Scintigraphy in Patients with Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

PubMed

Jovanovska, Anamarija; Stoilovska, Bojana; Mileva, Magdalena; Miladinova, Daniela; Majstorov, Venjamin; Ugrinska, Ana

2018-05-20

Thyroid uptake of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( 99m Tc-MIBI) during parathyroid scintigraphy can be affected by various conditions. To evaluate the frequency of absent 99m Tc-MIBI uptake by the thyroid gland in the early phase of dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy. The early planar images of dual phase Tc 99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy from 217 patients performed between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 147 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and the second group included 70 patients with chronic renal failure. Patient records, laboratory and ultrasonographic data were analysed in all patients. Descriptive statistic was used for data analysis. Out of all patients in the first group, 18 patients (12.24%) showed absent thyroid uptake. Thyroidectomy was performed in 44.4% of these patients, and the rest of them had some thyroid disease. Only one patient had no thyroid or another chronic disease. In the second group, 8 patients (11.42%) presented with absent thyroid uptake of MIBI. Among them, 5 patients had no history of thyroid disease and had been on hemodialysis programme, and 3 patients had hypothyroidism. Absent 99m Tc-MIBI uptake in the thyroid during the early phase of parathyroid scintigraphy is most frequently related to thyroid disease. A small proportion of patients with chronic renal failure can present with absent 99m Tc-MIBI uptake in the thyroid as well. The mechanism for this alteration is still unclear and needs further investigation.

Ibuprofen induces reduction of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake in severe epithelial breast hyperplasia without atypia.

PubMed

Papantoniou, Vassilios; Tsaroucha, Angeliki; Valsamaki, Pipitsa; Tsiouris, Spyridon; Sotiropoulou, Evangelia; Karianos, Theodore; Marinopoulos, Spyridon; Fothiadaki, Athina; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Archontaki, Aikaterini; Syrgiannis, Konstantinos; Dimitrakakis, Konstantinos; Antsaklis, Aris

2010-10-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate if ibuprofen intake can influence mammary uptake of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer technetium 99m-pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-(V)DMSA) in women with severe epithelial and atypical epithelial breast hyperplasia. Eight patients with histologically confirmed severe epithelial breast hyperplasia with (n  =  4) and without atypia (n  =  4) were submitted prospectively to 99mTc-(V)DMSA scintimammography before and after a 4-week course of 400 mg ibuprofen daily oral intake. Lesion to background ratios 60 minutes postinjection were calculated and compared (t-test) before and after ibuprofen administration. Prior to ibuprofen, the patients with severe epithelial hyperplasia displayed a significantly higher 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake ratio compared to those with atypical epithelial hyperplasia (2.40 ± 0.32 vs 1.67 ± 0.09, respectively; p  =  .003). They also exhibited a more substantial percent decline in tracer uptake postibuprofen compared to women with atypical epithelial hyperplasia (62.0 ± 7.1 vs 15.0 ± 0.2, respectively; p  =  .001). Ibuprofen induces significant uptake reduction of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer 99mTc-(V)DMSA in severe epithelial breast hyperplasia without atypia. This agent could therefore constitute a potential imaging tool for monitoring chemoprophylaxis effectiveness in women at the early stages of malignant transformation.

A tracer dose of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes can estimate the effect of hyperthermia on intratumoral doxil extravasation.

PubMed

Kleiter, Miriam M; Yu, Daohai; Mohammadian, Lenore A; Niehaus, Nelsen; Spasojevic, Ivan; Sanders, Linda; Viglianti, Benjamin L; Yarmolenko, Pavel S; Hauck, Marlene; Petry, Neil A; Wong, Terence Z; Dewhirst, Mark W; Thrall, Donald E

2006-11-15

A noninvasive method to monitor intratumoral Doxil delivery in individual patients during targeted tumor therapy is important to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to determine if a small tracer dose of technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled liposomes could be used to quantify the effect of local hyperthermia on intratumoral Doxil extravasation. Experiments were carried out in a rat fibrosarcoma model with transplanted thigh tumors. Liposomes of approximately same size and composition as Doxil were radiolabeled using [technetium-99m (99mTc)]exametazime. Eight treatment groups received either Doxil, a tracer dose or a large dose of 99mTc-labeled liposomes, or a combination of tracer and Doxil, with or without hyperthermia. This design was chosen to assure that coadministration of both liposomal formulations did not influence their intratumoral distribution. Hyperthermia was done for 45 minutes. Scintigraphic images were obtained at 5 and 18 hours. At 18 hours, tumors were removed and gamma counts as well as doxorubicin concentrations were measured. Intratumoral extravasation of the 99mTc-labeled tracer could be imaged scintigraphically under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The thermal enhancement ratio was slightly higher for radiolabeled liposomes than for doxorubicin concentration. However, there was a significant positive correlation of intratumoral doxorubicin concentration and intratumoral uptake of the radiolabeled tracer (expressed as percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue). Coadministration of radiolabeled liposomes did not negatively influence the amount of drug delivered with Doxil. The use of a radiolabeled tracer has potential value to monitor drug delivery and estimate the effect of an intervention aimed to increase liposomal accumulation, such as local hyperthermia.

Imaging of glutathione localization in brain with technetium-99M meso-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sasaki, T.; Toyama, H.; Oda, K.

1995-05-01

Previous studies have shown decreasing [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO uptake in accordance with glutathione (GSH) content in diethyl, maleate (DEM) treated mice brain. In order to elucidate the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO in brain and to visualize the regional localization of GSH in the brain with [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO, the relationship between the tissue GSH content and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO was studied in rats and rabbits. Increasing pre-load of DEM (550 mg/kg body weight), an agent to reduce GSH content by glutathione transferase, led to a decrease in GSH (control 1.972{plus_minus}0.017 vs DEM 1.138{plus_minus}0.106 mM) and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO tomore » half of the control in the rat brain (control 0.281{plus_minus}0.024 vs DEM 0.153 {plus_minus} 0.009 % dose/g). On the other hand, the DEM did not decrease GSH or the uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO in the rabbit brain, in which glutathione transferase activity is very low. These results were also demonstrated by images with pin-hole collimated gamma camera. The uptake of [Tc-99m] meso showed variations in the regional distribution, but the d,l-isomer was uniform. [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO uptake was well correlated with GSH content in mice brain regions (r=0.800, p<0.02), whereas [Tc-99m]d,l-HM-PAO was not (r=0.017, p>0.5). Both [Tc-99m] mesa HM-PAO uptake and GSH content were especially high at cerebellum (Uptake: 2.598{plus_minus}0.256 % dose/g. GSH: 2.372{plus_minus}0.107 mM) as compared to other areas (Uptake;cerebral cortex 1.797{plus_minus}0.100 brain stem 1.607 {plus_minus}0.112 % dose/g. GSH: cerebral cortex 1.635{plus_minus}0.142 brain stem 1.478{plus_minus}0.141 mM).« less

Bone marrow uptake of 99mTc-MIBI in patients with multiple myeloma.

PubMed

Fonti, R; Del Vecchio, S; Zannetti, A; De Renzo, A; Di Gennaro, F; Catalano, L; Califano, C; Pace, L; Rotoli, B; Salvatore, M

2001-02-01

In a previous study, we showed the ability of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scan to identify active disease in patients with multiple myeloma (Eur J Nucl Med 1998; 25: 714-720). In particular, a semiquantitative score of the extension and intensity of bone marrow uptake was derived and correlated with both the clinical status of the disease and plasma cell bone marrow infiltration. In order to estimate quantitatively 99mTc-MIBI bone marrow uptake and to verify the intracellular localization of the tracer, bone marrow samples obtained from 24 multiple myeloma patients, three patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and two healthy donors were studied for in vitro uptake. After centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque gradient, cell suspensions were incubated with 99mTc-MIBI and the uptake was expressed as the percentage of radioactivity specifically retained within the cells. The cellular localization of the tracer was assessed by micro-autoradiography. Twenty-two out of 27 patients underwent 99mTc-MIBI scan within a week of bone marrow sampling. Whole-body images were obtained 10 min after intravenous injection of 555 MBq of the tracer; the extension and intensity of 99mTc-MIBI uptake were graded using the semiquantitative score. A statistically significant correlation was found between in vitro uptake of 99mTc-MIBI and both plasma cell infiltration (Pearson's coefficient of correlation r=0.69, P<0.0001) and in vivo score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r=0.60, P<0.01). No specific tracer uptake was found in bone marrow samples obtained from the two healthy donors. Micro-autoradiography showed localization of 99mTc-MIBI inside the plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow. Therefore, our findings show that the degree of tracer uptake both in vitro and in vivo is related to the percentage of infiltrating plasma cells which accumulate the tracer in their inner compartments.

Process for preparing radiopharmaceuticals

DOEpatents

Barak, Morton; Winchell, Harry S.

1977-01-04

A process for the preparation of technetium-99m labeled pharmaceuticals is disclosed. The process comprises initially isolating technetium-99m pertechnetate by adsorption upon an adsorbent packing in a chromatographic column. The technetium-99m is then eluted from the packing with a biological compound to form a radiopharmaceutical.

Lack of gallium uptake in primary hepatic amyloidosis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Georgen, T.G.; Taylor, A.; Alazraki, N.

1976-06-01

Technetium-99m-sulfur colloid and /sup 67/Ga citrate hepatic scintigrams showed matching defects in a patient with diffuse primary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis should be added to the usual differential diagnosis of such matching lesions which includes cysts, fibrosis, most benign tumors, and occasional metastatic lesions which do not concentrate gallium.

Technetium tc 99m-labeled red blood cells in the preoperative diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma and other vascular orbital tumors.

PubMed

Polito, Ennio; Burroni, Luca; Pichierri, Patrizia; Loffredo, Antonio; Vattimo, Angelo G

2005-12-01

To evaluate technetium Tc 99m (99mTc) red blood cell scintigraphy as a diagnostic tool for orbital cavernous hemangioma and to differentiate between orbital masses on the basis of their vascularization. We performed 99mTc red blood cell scintigraphy on 23 patients (8 female and 15 male; mean age, 47 years) affected by an orbital mass previously revealed with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and suggesting cavernous hemangioma. In our diagnosis, we considered the orbital increase delayed uptake with the typical scintigraphic pattern known as perfusion blood pool mismatch. The patients underwent biopsy or surgical treatment with transconjunctival cryosurgical extraction when possible. Single-photon emission tomography (SPET) showed intense focal uptake in the orbit corresponding to radiologic findings in 11 patients who underwent surgical treatment and pathologic evaluation (9 cavernous hemangiomas, 1 hemangiopericytoma, and 1 lymphangioma). Clinical or histologic examination of the remaining 22 patients revealed the presence of 5 lymphoid pseudotumors, 2 lymphomas, 2 pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland, 1 astrocytoma, 1 ophthalmic vein thrombosis, and 1 orbital varix. The confirmation of the preoperative diagnosis by 99mTc red blood cell scintigraphy shows that this technique is a reliable tool for differentiating cavernous hemangiomas from other orbital masses (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 86%) when ultrasound, CT, and MRI are not diagnostic. Unfortunately, 99mTc red blood cell scintigraphy results were positive in 1 patient with hemangiopericytoma and 1 patient with lymphangioma, which showed increased uptake in the lesion on SPET images because of the vascular nature of these tumors. Therefore, in these cases, the SPET images have to be integrated with data regarding clinical preoperative evaluation and CT scans or MRI studies. On the basis of our study, a complete diagnostic picture, CT scans or MRI studies, and scintigraphic patterns can establish the preoperative diagnosis of vascular orbital tumors such as cavernous hemangioma, adult-type lymphangioma, and hemangiopericytoma.

Bone scanning in the detection of occult fractures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Batillas, J.; Vasilas, A.; Pizzi, W.F.

1981-07-01

The potential role of bone scanning in the early detection of occult fractures following acute trauma was investigated. Technetium 99m pyrophosphate bone scans were obtained in patients with major clinical findings and negative or equivocal roentgenograms following trauma. Bone scanning facilitated the prompt diagnosis of occult fractures in the hip, knee, wrist, ribs and costochondral junctions, sternum, vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx. Several illustrative cases are presented. Roentgenographic confirmation occurred following a delay of days to weeks and, in some instances, the roentgenographic findings were subtle and could be easily overlooked. This study demonstrates bone scanning to be invaluable and definitivemore » in the prompt detection of occult fractures.« less

Technetium glucose complexes as potential cancer imaging agents.

PubMed

Dapueto, Rosina; Aguiar, Rodrigo B; Moreno, María; Machado, Camila M L; Marques, Fabio L N; Gambini, Juan P; Chammas, Roger; Cabral, Pablo; Porcal, Williams

2015-10-01

GLUT's (facilitative glucose transporters) over-expression in tumor cells has allowed the detection of several cancer types, using a glucose analogue ((18)F-FDG) with PET images, worldwide. New glucose analogs radiolabeled with (99m)Tc could be a less-expensive and more accessible alternative for diagnosis using SPECT imaging. d-Glucose ((99m)Tc-IDAG) and 2-d-deoxyglucose ((99m)Tc-AADG) organometallic complexes were proposed and studied as potential (18)F-FDG surrogates. The glucose complexes were prepared and evaluated as potential cancer imaging agents, in a melanoma tumor model. Iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and aminoacetate (AA) moieties were chosen as chelating system for radiolabeling with (99m)Tc. Tumor uptake of the formed complexes was evaluated in B16 murine cell line in vitro and in vivo in melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted with (18)F-FDG in order to compare the uptake of (99m)Tc-glucose complexes in the tumor model. IDAG and AADG compounds were synthesized and radiolabeled with (99m)TcO4(-) to obtain the (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG complexes in high yield and stability. In vitro cell studies showed maximum uptake at 60 min for complexes, (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG, with 6% and 2%, respectively. Biodistribution studies showed high tumor uptake one hour post-injection, reaching tumor-to-muscle ratios of 12.1 ± 3.73 and 2.88 ± 1.40 for (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG, respectively. SPECT and micro-SPECT-CT images acquired after the injection of (99m)Tc-IDAG showed accumulation in tumor sites, suggesting that this glucose complex would be a promising candidate for cancer imaging. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Technetium-99m-Labeled Sulfadiazine: a Targeting Radiopharmaceutical for Scintigraphic Imaging of Infectious Foci Due To Escherichia coli in Mouse and Rabbit Models.

PubMed

Ahmed, Muhammad Tauqeer; Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza; Rasheed, Rashid; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad; Usman, Muhammad; Hussain, Zaib

2017-09-01

Bacterial infection is one of the vital reasons of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. It appears silently without bothering the geological borders and imposes a grave threat to humanity. Nuclear medicine technique has an important role in helping early diagnosis of deep-seated infections. The aim of this study was to develop a new radiopharmaceutical 99m Tc-labeling sulfadiazine as an infection imaging agent. Radiolabeling of sulfadiazine with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) was carried out using stannous tartrate as a reducing agent in the presence of gentistic acid at pH = 5. The quality control tests revealed ~98% labeling efficiency. Paper chromatographic (PC) and instant thin-layer chromatographic (ITLC) techniques were used to analyze radiochemical yield. Biodistribution and infection specificity of the radiotracer were performed with Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection-induced rats. Scintigraphy and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) study was performed in E. coli-infected rabbits. Scintigraphy indicated E. coli infection targeting potential of 99m Tc-SDZ, while biodistribution study showed minimal uptake of 99m Tc-SDZ in non-targeted tissues. The uptake in the kidneys was found 2.56 ± 0.06, 2.09 ± 0.10, and 1.68 ± 0.09% at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively. The infected muscle (target) to non-infected muscle (non-target) ratio (T/NT) was found 4.49 ± 0.04, 6.78 ± 0.07, and 5.59 ± 0.08 at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively.

Axillary lymph node uptake of technetium-99m-MDP

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ongseng, F.; Goldfarb, C.R.; Finestone, H.

We sought to determine the frequency and significance of axillary lymph node visualization on bone scans performed with diphosphonates. Consecutive {sup 99m}Tc-methylene diphosphonate ({sup 99m}Tc-MDP) bone scans (2435) were inspected for axillary soft-tissue uptake. In positive cases, the results of physical examination, correlative imaging studies and serial bone scans were recorded, as was the site of venipuncture. Forty-eight studies (2%) showed axillary uptake ipsilateral to the injection site. Extravasation of tracer, documented by focal activity near the injection site, was present in every case. There was no association with axillary adenopathy, mass, induration of radiographically visible calcification. On some images,more » foci adjacent to the axilla were superimposed on the rib, scapula, or humerus. The bone-to-background ratio was frequently reduced; repeat imaging after 1-2 hr usually improved osseous detail. Ipsilateral axillary lymph node visualization due to extravasation of {sup 99m}Tc-MDP is frequently associated with additional foci superimposed on osseous structures simulating pathology. Delayed skeletal uptake is common in such cases and necessitates a greater time interval between injection and imaging. 7 refs., 3 figs.« less

Nearly total absence of pulmonary perfusion with corresponding technetium-99m MDP and gallium-67 uptake in a patient with mediastinal neuroblastoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garty, I.; Koren, A.; Moguilner, G.

1985-08-01

A case of unilateral nearly total hypoperfusion of the left lung in a 13-month-old girl is presented. The combination of the lung hypoperfusion and accumulation of the Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in the same area suggested the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal neuroblastoma. Explorative thoracotomy revealed the presence of a neuroblastoma compressing the left lung pedicle. The described scintigraphic appearance in the pediatric age group is suggested as typical of mediastinal neuroblastoma. This pathology should be included in the following gamuts in nuclear medicine: unilateral decrease or absent lung perfusion, unilateral diffuse chest uptake of Ga-67 citrate, and unilateral pulmonarymore » uptake in bone scintigraphy.« less

Radionuclide Basics: Technetium-99

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technetium-99 (chemical symbol Tc-99) is a silver-gray, radioactive metal. It occurs naturally in very small amounts in the earth's crust, but is primarily man-made. Technetium-99m is a short-lived form of Tc-99 that is used as a medical diagnostic tool.

[Regional blood flow and bone uptake of methylene-diphosphonate-technetium-99m].

PubMed

Vattimo, A; Martini, G; Pisani, M

1983-05-30

Sudeck's atrophy of the foot is an acute, patchy osteoporosis that, on bone scan, shows an increase in both bone blood flow and local bone uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP and local bone blood flow. In some patients with Sudeck's atrophy of one foot we measured local bone blood flow and bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP. External counting of radioactivity, with a count-rate of 1 second was performed for 60 minutes after i.v. injection of a known dose of 99mTc-MDP in some patients with Sudeck's atrophy of the foot. The regions of interest (ROI) were selected on the basis of a bone scan performed 24 hours earlier. We assumed that the data recorded during the first seconds (7-10) reflect local blood flow and the data at 60 minutes reflect the bone uptake. The ratio between the local blood flow in the involved and healthy foot was higher than the local bone uptake ratio. The ratio between bone uptake and local bone blood flow was higher in the normal foot than in the affected one. These results suggest that the bone avidity for bone-seeking radionuclides is lower in Sudeck's atrophy than in normal bone.

Tc-99m imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before I-131 treatment.

PubMed

Tsai, Chi-Jung; Cheng, Cheng-Yi; Shen, Daniel Hueng-Yuan; Kuo, Shou Jen; Wang, Lien-Yen; Lee, Chiang-Hsuan; Wang, Jhi-Joung; Chang, Ming-Che; Huang, Wen-Sheng

2016-02-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before radioiodine-131 (I-131) treatment (Tx). Eighty-six consecutive post-total-thyroidectomy patients (15 men, 71 women; mean age: 46.8 years) with pathologically diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer were retrospectively studied. Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx using both patient-based and lesion-based measurements were analyzed and were further compared with those of post-Tx I-131 whole-body scans. For patients with unequivocally positive Tc-99m uptake, the sensitivity was 77% (patient-based) and 59% (site-based). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% for both patient-based and site-based measurements. If equivocal Tc-99m uptake was counted as positive, the sensitivity was 83 and 67%, and the PPV was 100 and 99% for patient-based and site-based measurements, respectively. (a) To increase sensitivity yet maintaining high PPV, equivocal Tc-99m uptake should be considered a positive finding. (b) The nearly 100% PPV of Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx for remnant detection suggests that Tc-99m imaging not only serves as an alternative to low-dose I-131 scanning in the low-risk post-thyroidectomy patients but also provides a clue for the subsequent I-131 therapeutic dosage and even for the outcome prediction.

Bone scintigraphy in the investigation of occult lameness in the dog.

PubMed

Schwarz, T; Johnson, V S; Voute, L; Sullivan, M

2004-05-01

99mTechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) scintigraphy was performed in 14 dogs of different breeds after clinical lameness examination, radiography and synovial fluid analysis failed to localise lameness to a specific area of pain. The scintigraphic protocol included an intravenous injection of 17 MBq 99mTc-MDP/kg bodyweight and vascular, soft tissue and bone phase scans in standardised positions with a low-energy all-purpose collimator. Confirmation of diagnosis was achieved in nine dogs by arthroscopy, repeated lesion-orientated radiography, computed tomography and response to treatment. In seven cases, bone phase scans showed single elbow uptakes, in two cases unilateral limb uptake, and in one case each a single shoulder and tibia uptake; in three cases there was no increased uptake. Vascular and soft tissue phase images did not reveal additional information. Diagnosis of humeral condyle fissures, a fragmented medial coronoid process, panosteitis and arthropathy was possible in nine cases. Skeletal pathology was ruled out in three normal scintigrams. In two dogs with unilateral uptake of multiple joints, no diagnostic benefit was gained from scintigraphy. The highly sensitive and relatively specific uptake allowed localisation and characterisation or exclusion of skeletal lesions in most dogs.

Development of a Radiolabeled Amlodipine Analog for L-type Calcium Channel Imaging.

PubMed

Firouzyar, Tahereh; Jalilian, Amir Reza; Aboudzadeh, Mohammad Reza; Sadeghpour, Hossein; Pooladi, Mehrban; Shafiee-Ardestani, Mahdi; Khalaj, Ali

2017-01-01

The non-invasive imaging and quantification of L-type calcium channels (also known as dihydropyridine channels) in living tissues is of great interest in diagnosis of congestive heart failure, myocardial hypertrophy, irritable bowel syndrome etc. Technetium-99m labeled amlodipine conjugate ([99mTc]-DTPA-AMLO) was prepared starting freshly eluted (<1 h) 99mTechnetium pertechnetate (86.5 MBq) and conjugated DTPAAMLO at pH 5 in 30 min at room temperature in high radiochemical purity (>99%, RTLC; specific activity: 55-60 GBq/mmol). The calcium channel blockade activity (CCBA) and apoptosis/necrosis assay of DTPA-amlodipine conjugate evaluations were performed for the conjugate. Log P, stability, bio-distribution and imaging studies were performed for the tracer followed by biodistribution studies as well as imaging. The conjugate demonstrated low toxicity on MCF-7 cells and CCBA (at µm level) compared to the amlodipine. The tracer was stable up to 4 h in final production and presence of human serum and log P (-0.49) was consistent with a water soluble complex. The tracer was excreted through kidneys and liver as expected for dihydropyridines; excluding excretory organs, calcium channel rich smooth muscle cells; including colon, intestine and lungs which demonstrated significant uptake. SPECT images supported the bio-distribution data up to 4 h. significant uptake of [99mTc]-DTPA-AMLO was obtained in calcium channel rich organs. The complex can be a candidate for further SPECT imaging for L-type calcium channels. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Increased breast density correlates with the proliferation-seeking radiotracer (99m)Tc(V)-DMSA uptake in florid epithelial hyperplasia and in mixed ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive ductal carcinoma but not in pure invasive ductal carcinoma or in mild epithelial hyperplasia.

PubMed

Papantoniou, Vassilios; Valsamaki, Pipitsa; Sotiropoulou, Evangelia; Tsaroucha, Angeliki; Tsiouris, Spyridon; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Marinopoulos, Spyridon; Kounadi, Evangelia; Karianos, Theodore; Fothiadaki, Athina; Archontaki, Aikaterini; Syrgiannis, Konstantinos; Ptohis, Nikolaos; Makris, Nikolaos; Limouris, Georgios; Antsaklis, Aris

2011-10-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of mammographic breast density (BD) and cell proliferation/focal adhesion kinase activation-seeking radiotracer technetium 99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc(V)-DMSA) uptake in women with different breast histologies, that is, mild epithelial hyperplasia (MEH), florid epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), mixed ductal carcinoma in situ with invasive ductal carcinoma (DCIS + IDC), and pure IDC. Fifty-five women with histologically confirmed mammary pathologies were submitted preoperatively to mammography and 99mTc(V)-DMSA scintimammography. The percentage and intensity of 99mTc(V)-DMSA uptake and the percentage of BD were calculated by computer-assisted methods and compared (t-test) between the breast pathologies. In breasts with increased BD, FEH and DCIS + IDC were found. On the contrary, pure IDC and MEH were identified in breasts with significantly lower BD values. In breasts with increased 99mTc(V)-DMSA area and intensity of uptake, FEH was the main lesion found compared to all other histologies. Linear regression analysis between BD and 99mTc(V)-DMSA uptake area and intensity revealed significant coefficients of correlation (r  =  .689, p < .001 and r  =  .582, p < .001, respectively). Increased BD correlates with the presence of FEH and mixed DCIS + IDC but not with pure IDC or MEH. Its close relationship to 99mTc(V)-DMSA, which also showed an affinity to FEH, indicates that stromal microenvironment may constitute a specific substrate leading to progression to different subtypes of cancerous lesions originating from different pathways.

Liver perfusion imaging in patients with primary and metastatic liver malignancy: prospective comparison between 99mTc-MAA spect and dynamic CT perfusion.

PubMed

Reiner, Caecilia S; Goetti, Robert; Burger, Irene A; Fischer, Michael A; Frauenfelder, Thomas; Knuth, Alexander; Pfammatter, Thomas; Schaefer, Niklaus; Alkadhi, Hatem

2012-05-01

To prospectively analyze the correlation between parameters of liver perfusion from technetium99m-macroaggregates of albumin (99mTc-MAA) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with those obtained from dynamic CT perfusion in patients with primary or metastatic liver malignancy. Twenty-five consecutive patients (11 women, 14 men; mean age 60.9 ± 10.8; range: 32-78 years) with primary (n = 5) or metastatic (n = 20) liver malignancy planned to undergo selective internal radiotherapy underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT liver perfusion imaging (four-dimensional spiral mode, scan range 14.8 cm, 15 scans, cycle time 3 seconds) and 99m)Tc-MAA SPECT after intraarterial injection of 180 MBq 99mTc-MAA on the same day. Data were evaluated by two blinded and independent readers for the parameters arterial liver perfusion (ALP), portal venous perfusion (PVP), and total liver perfusion (TLP) from CT, and the 99mTc-MAA uptake-ratio of tumors in relation to normal liver parenchyma from SPECT. Interreader agreements for quantitative perfusion parameters were high for dynamic CT (r = 0.90-0.98, each P < .01) and 99mTc -MAA SPECT (r = 0.91, P < .01). Significant correlation was found between 99mTc-MAA uptake ratio and ALP (r = 0.7, P < .01) in liver tumors. No significant correlation was found between 99mTc-MAA uptake ratio, PVP (r = -0.381, P = .081), and TLP (r = 0.039, P = .862). This study indicates that in patients with primary and metastatic liver malignancy, ALP obtained by dynamic CT liver perfusion significantly correlates with the 99mTc-MAA uptake ratio obtained by SPECT. Copyright © 2012 AUR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Poor accumulation of technetium-99m glucoheptonate in sarcoidosis and other diffuse infiltrative lung diseases as compared with gallium-67 citrate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vorne, M.; Sahlstroem, K.A.; Alanko, K.

1988-02-01

Forty-two patients with diffuse infiltrative lung diseases were imaged with Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m glucoheptonate (GH). Twenty patients had sarcoidosis, six had fibrosis, six had tuberculosis, nine had lung infiltration, and one had pleural empyema. The main difference between Ga-67 and Tc-99m GH was the much greater uptake of Ga-67 in sarcoidosis than that of Tc-99m GH. Fifteen patients with sarcoidosis had positive Ga-67 scans but only six had positive Tc-99m GH scans. The results in other diffuse infiltrative lung diseases were almost equal with Ga-67 and Tc-99m GH. Although Tc-99m GH is less expensive and simpler to use, itmore » is not an adequate substitute for Ga-67 in diffuse infiltrative lung diseases.« less

Technetium-99m-HMPAO as a marker of chemical and irradiation lung injury: Experimental and clinical investigations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suga, Kazuyoshi; Uchisako, Hiromichi; Nishigauchi, Kazuya

1994-09-01

The authors evaluated the ability of {sup 99m}Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) to serve as a sensitive marker of lung injury. Two experiment rabbit models of minimal lung injury were designed using injections of a low dose (0.05 ml/kg) of oleic acid or 50 Gy of irradiation. In addition, they clinically investigated whether patients who received chemotherapy (n = 14) or radiotherapy (n = 13) for lung cancer showed high uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO in the lungs. Despite the minimal endothelial lesions visualized by electron microscopy (edematous changes and blebbing), in both animal models, the lungs showed high uptake of {supmore » 99m}Tc-HMPAO, which occurred rapidly within 1 min after injection. Clinically, the mean lung-to-liver ratio of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO activity in the patients who received chemotherapy (0.649{+-}0.185, p < 0.01) was significantly higher than that of the controls (n = 16; 0.387{+-}0.108), and all 12 patients who received more than 30 Gy of irradiation showed abnormal uptake in the irradiated lungs, despite the lack of abnormal opacities on chest CT. These findings suggest that {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO has the potential to be a sensitive marker of chemical and irradiation lung injury. 53 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.« less

The uptake by the canine tibia of the bone-scanning agent 99mTc-MDP before and after an osteotomy.

PubMed

Hughes, S; Khan, R; Davies, R; Lavender, P

1978-11-01

The residue and extraction of technetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP), a substance used in bone scanning, was examined in the canine tibia and found to be low. Examination of washout curves suggested that there were four compartments in cortical bone, a vascular, a perivascular, a bone fluid and a bone compartment. After an osteotomy in the canine tibia the residue of 99mTc-MDP increased. This was believed to be due to an increase in the blood supply to the bone and to an associated increase in new bone available for exchange. Bone scanning in a fracture is therefore a reflection of the vascular status of the bone being examined and of the uptake by bone. This is dependent on there being an adequate blood supply to the bone and an increased number of mineral-binding sites.

Toward hypoxia-selective rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl complexes.

PubMed

North, Andrea J; Hayne, David J; Schieber, Christine; Price, Katherine; White, Anthony R; Crouch, Peter J; Rigopoulos, Angela; O'Keefe, Graeme J; Tochon-Danguy, Henri; Scott, Andrew M; White, Jonathan M; Ackermann, Uwe; Donnelly, Paul S

2015-10-05

With the aim of preparing hypoxia-selective imaging and therapeutic agents, technetium(I) and rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with pyridylhydrazone, dipyridylamine, and pyridylaminocarboxylate ligands containing nitrobenzyl or nitroimidazole functional groups have been prepared. The rhenium tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized with short reaction times using microwave irradiation. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with deprotonated p-nitrophenyl pyridylhydrazone ligands are luminescent, and this has been used to track their uptake in HeLa cells using confocal fluorescent microscopy. Selected rhenium tricarbonyl complexes displayed higher uptake in hypoxic cells when compared to normoxic cells. A (99m)Tc tricarbonyl complex with a dipyridylamine ligand bearing a nitroimidazole functional group is stable in human serum and was shown to localize in a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC; SK-RC-52) tumor in a mouse.

Development and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Bone-Targeted (99m)Tc-Radiolabeled Bisphosphonates.

PubMed

Makris, George; Tseligka, Eirini D; Pirmettis, Ioannis; Papadopoulos, Minas S; Vizirianakis, Ioannis S; Papagiannopoulou, Dionysia

2016-07-05

A novel bisphosphonate, 1-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (3), was coupled to the tridentate chelators di-2-picolylamine, 2-picolylamine-N-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, 3-((2-aminoethyl)thio)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, and 2-((2-carboxyethyl)thio)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid to form ligands 6, 9, 11, 15, and 19, respectively. Organometallic complexes of the general formula [Re/(99m)Tc(CO)3(κ(3)-L)] were synthesized, where L denotes ligand 6, 9, 11, 15, or 19. The rhenium complexes were prepared at the macroscopic level and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The technetium-99m organometallic complexes were synthesized in high yield and were identified by comparative reversed-phase HPLC with their Re analogues. The (99m)Tc tracers were stable in vitro and exhibited binding to hydroxyapatite. In biodistribution studies, all of the (99m)Tc complexes exhibited high bone uptake superior to that of 25, which is the directly (99m)Tc-labeled bisphosphonate 3, and comparable to that of (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP). The tracers [(99m)Tc(CO)3(6)] (26), [(99m)Tc(CO)3(9)] (27), [(99m)Tc(CO)3(11)] (28), and [(99m)Tc(CO)3(15)] (29) exhibited higher bone/blood ratios than (99m)Tc-MDP. 26 had the highest bone uptake at 1 h p.i. The new bisphosphonates showed no substantial growth inhibitory capacity in PC-3, Saos-2, and MCF-7 established cancer cell lines at low concentrations. Incubation of 26 with the same cancer cell lines indicated a rapid and saturated uptake. The promising properties of 26-29 indicate their potential for use as bone-imaging agents.

Quantitative thyroid scintigraphy in greyhounds suspected of primary hypothyroidism.

PubMed

Pinilla, Manuel; Shiel, Robert E; Brennan, Sheila F; McAllister, Hester; Mooney, Carmel T

2009-01-01

The existence of hypothyroidism in greyhounds remains controversial and its investigation is complicated by the low circulating thyroid hormone concentrations typically found in healthy dogs of this breed. Quantitative measurement of thyroidal technetium-99m pertechnetate ((99m)TcO4-) uptake is known to be useful in assessing thyroid function in other breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid scintigraphy as a method of assessing thyroid function in greyhounds suspected of primary hypothyroidism. Twenty greyhounds (eight females, 12 males) were studied. Thirteen had bald thigh syndrome and seven poor performance and low total T4. Total T4 concentrations were decreased in 18 (90%), and free T4 in two (10%) dogs. All canine thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations were within the reference interval. Thyroidal (99m)TcO4- uptake values (mean +/- SD, 0.76 +/- 0.26%) were within the reference limits published for euthyroid dogs (0.39-1.86%) making hypothyroidism highly unlikely. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) when comparing data between dogs with bald thigh syndrome (13 dogs) and the remaining dogs (seven dogs). Seventeen (85%) dogs had higher uptake in the left thyroid gland than in the right that might reflect an anatomic feature of the greyhound breed. Calculation of percent thyroidal uptake of (99m)TcO4- is more accurate than thyroid: salivary gland ratios because of high variability in salivary gland uptake. Percent thyroidal uptake of (99m)TcO4- should be used when assessing thyroid function scintigraphically in the greyhound breed.

Inflammatory response, neutrophil activation, and free radical production after acute myocardial infarction: effect of thrombolytic treatment.

PubMed Central

Bell, D; Jackson, M; Nicoll, J J; Millar, A; Dawes, J; Muir, A L

1990-01-01

Activated neutrophils releasing proteolytic enzymes and oxygen free radicals have been implicated in extending myocardial injury after myocardial infarction. Neutrophil elastase was used as a marker of neutrophil activation and the non-peroxide diene conjugate of linoleic acid was used as an indicator of free radical activity in 32 patients after acute myocardial infarction; 17 were treated by intravenous thrombolysis. Patients with acute myocardial infarction had higher plasma concentrations of neutrophil elastase and the non-peroxide diene conjugated isomer of linoleic acid than normal volunteers or patients with stable ischaemic heart disease. Patients treated by thrombolysis had an early peak of neutrophil elastase at eight hours while those who had not been treated by thrombolysis showed a later peak 40 hours after infarction. The plasma concentration of non-peroxide conjugated diene of linoleic acid was highest 16 hours after the infarction irrespective of treatment by thrombolysis. Quantitative imaging with single photon emission tomography showed decreased uptake of indium-111 labelled neutrophils in the infarcted myocardium (as judged from technetium-99m pyrophosphate) in those who had received thrombolysis, suggesting a decreased inflammatory response. The results indicate increased neutrophil activation and free radical production after myocardial infarction; they also suggest that thrombolysis does not amplify the inflammatory response and may indeed suppress it. Images PMID:2317413

Paclitaxel-loaded folate-coated long circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes as a potential drug delivery system: A biodistribution study.

PubMed

Monteiro, Liziane O F; Fernandes, Renata S; Oda, Caroline M R; Lopes, Sávia C; Townsend, Danyelle M; Cardoso, Valbert N; Oliveira, Mônica C; Leite, Elaine A; Rubello, Domenico; de Barros, André L B

2018-01-01

A range of antitumor agents for cancer treatment is available; however, they show low specificity, which often limit their use. Recently, we have reported the preparation of folate-coated long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes (SpHL-folate-PTX) loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), an effective drug for the treatment of solid tumors, including breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize SpHL-PTX and SpHL-folate-PTX radiolabeled with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc). Biodistribution studies and scintigraphic images were performed after intravenous administration of 99m Tc-PTX, 99m Tc-SpHL-PTX and 99m Tc-SpHL-folate-PTX into healthy and tumor-bearing mice. High radiochemical purity (>98%) and in vitro stability (>90%) were achieved for both liposome formulations. The pharmacokinetic properties of 99m Tc-SpHL-DTPA-PTX and 99m Tc-SpHL-folate-DTPA-PTX decreased in a monophasic manner showing half-life of 400.1 and 541.8min, respectively. Scintigraphic images and biodistribution studies showed a significant uptake in liver, spleen and kidneys, demonstrating these routes as way for excretion. At 8h post-injection, the liposomal tumor uptake was higher than 99m Tc-PTX. Interesting, 4h after administration, the liposome folate coated showed higher tumor-to-muscle ratio than 99m Tc-SpHL-DTPA-PTX and 99m Tc-PTX. In conclusion, the liposomal systems, showed high tumor uptake by scintigraphic images, especially the 99m Tc-SpHL-folate-DTPA-PTX that showed a sustained and higher tumor-to-muscle ratio than non-functionalized liposome, which indicate its feasibility as a PTX delivery system to folate positive tumors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Transglutaminase-mediated conjugation and nitride-technetium-99m labelling of a bis(thiosemicarbazone) bifunctional chelator.

PubMed

Salvarese, Nicola; Spolaore, Barbara; Marangoni, Selena; Pasin, Anna; Galenda, Alessandro; Tamburini, Sergio; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Refosco, Fiorenzo; Bolzati, Cristina

2018-06-01

An assessment study involving the use of the transglutaminase (TGase) conjugation method and the nitride-technetium-99m labelling on a bis(thiosemicarbazone) (BTS) bifunctional chelating agent is presented. The previously described chelator diacetyl-2-(N 4 -methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-(N 4 -amino-3-thiosemicarbazone), H 2 ATSM/A, has been functionalized with 6-aminohexanoic acid (ε-Ahx) to generate the bifunctional chelating agent diacetyl-2-(N 4 -methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-[N 4 -(amino)-(6-aminohexanoic acid)-3-thiosemicarbazone], H 2 ATSM/A-ε-Ahx (1), suitable for conjugation to glutamine (Gln) residues of bioactive molecules via TGase. The feasibility of the TGase reaction in the synthesis of a bioconjugate derivative was investigated using Substance P (SP) as model peptide. Compounds 1 and H 2 ATSM/A-ε-Ahx-SP (2) were labelled with nitride-technetium-99m, obtaining the complexes [ 99m Tc][Tc(N)(ATSM/A-ε-Ahx)] ( 99m Tc1) and [ 99m Tc][Tc(N)(ATSM/A-ε-Ahx-SP)] ( 99m Tc2). The chemical identity of 99m Tc1 and 99m Tc2 was confirmed by radio/UV-RP-HPLC combined with ESI-MS analysis on the respective carrier-added products 99g/99m Tc1 and 99g/99m Tc2. The stability of the radiolabelled complexes after incubation in various environments was investigated. All the results were compared with those obtained for the corresponding 64 Cu-analogues, 64 Cu1 and 64 Cu2. The TGase reaction allows the conjugation of 1 with the peptide, but it is not highly efficient due to instability of the chelator in the required conditions. The SP-conjugated complexes are unstable in mouse and human sera. However, indeed the BTS system can be exploited as nitride-technetium-99m chelator for highly efficient technetium labelling, thus making compound 1 worthy of further investigations for new targeted technetium and copper radiopharmaceuticals encompassing Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography imaging. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Images of liposarcoma using technetium-99m bleomycin and technetium (V)-99m DMSA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ohta, H.; Shane, F.I.; Endo, K.

1986-12-01

The effectiveness of Tc-99m bleomycin (BLM) and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are compared with that of Ga-67 citrate, which is currently the most widely used agent. In four patients with lipomatous tumors, the clinical significance of tumor imaging with each of these three agents is discussed and compared. Results indicate that both Tc-99m BLM and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are superior in detecting the extension or localization of liposarcomas.

Method of tagging excipients with /sup 99m/Tc

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bardy, A.; Beydon, J.; Gobin, R.

1977-11-08

A method of using /sup 99m/technetium for tagging excipients in medical diagnosis by scintigraphy comprises mixing, in an aqueous solution of alkali-metal pertechnetate, an excipient and a reducing agent in the form of a complex, which complex is such that the association constant of the anion with reduced techetium is less than the association constant of the excipient with reduced technetium, thereby forming a radio-pharmaceutical substance which is a complex between the excipient and /sup 99m/technetium.

10 CFR 33.100 - Schedule A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... .1 Technetium-99m 100 1. Technetium-99 1 .01 Tellurium-125m 1 .01 Tellurium-127m 1 .01 Tellurium-127 10 .1 Tellurium-129m 1 .01 Tellurium-129 100 1 Tellurium-131m 10 .1 Tellurium-132 1 .01 Terbium-160 1...

10 CFR 33.100 - Schedule A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... .1 Technetium-99m 100 1. Technetium-99 1 .01 Tellurium-125m 1 .01 Tellurium-127m 1 .01 Tellurium-127 10 .1 Tellurium-129m 1 .01 Tellurium-129 100 1 Tellurium-131m 10 .1 Tellurium-132 1 .01 Terbium-160 1...

Technetium-99m-labeled rituximab for use as a specific tracer of sentinel lymph node biopsy: a translational research study.

PubMed

Wang, Xuejuan; Yang, Zhi; Lin, Baohe; Zhang, Yan; Zhai, Shizhen; Zhao, Qichao; Xie, Qing; Liu, Fei; Han, Xuedi; Li, Jinfeng; Ouyang, Tao

2016-06-21

We aimed to develop and translate a CD20-antigen-targeted radiopharmaceutical, Technetium-99 m-labeled (99mTc) rituximab, for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection. 99mTc-rituximab was synthesized and tested for stability in human serum. The binding affinity to CD20 was evaluated in Raji cells by flow cytometric analysis. Biodistribution and sentinel node mapping were carried out in bal b/c mice. Eighty-five patients with breast cancer participated in this study. Dynamic sentinel lymphoscintigraphy was first assessed in 12 patients before planar lymphoscintigraphy was assessed in a larger cohort. All patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), followed by axillary lymph node dissection. The cell-binding study showed that 99mTc-rituximab possessed compatible affinity to human CD20. In the mechanism study, 99mTc-labeled anti-mouse CD20 monoclonal antibodies could bind to mouse CD20 and accumulate in the SLN with 2.62±1.25 % of the percentage of injected activity, which could be blocked by excessive unlabeled antibody. Low uptake of non-sentinel nodes and fast clearance from the injection site were observed in the mice. Sentinel nodes were identified in 82 of 85 breast cancer patients (96.5%) by lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.8% (30/31), 100% (51/51), and 98.8% (81/82), respectively. 99mTc-rituximab, specifically binding to CD20, met most of the requirements of an ideal sentinel mapping agent for use in clinical settings.

Breaking America’s Dependence on Foreign…Molybdenum

PubMed Central

Einstein, Andrew J.

2009-01-01

Brief Unstructured Abstract Approximately 9 million nuclear cardiology studies performed each year in the United States employ technetium-99m, which is produced from the decay of molybdenum-99. The fragility of the worldwide technetium-99m supply chain has been underscored by current shortages caused by an unplanned shutdown of Europe’s largest reactor. The majority of the United States’ supply derives from a reactor in Canada nearing the end of its lifespan, whose planned replacements have been recently cancelled. In this article, the clinical importance of technetium-99m and our tenuous dependence on foreign supply of Molybdenum is addressed. PMID:19356583

99M-Technetium labeled tin colloid radiopharmaceuticals

DOEpatents

Winchell, Harry S.; Barak, Morton; Van Fleet, III, Parmer

1976-07-06

An improved 99m-technetium labeled tin(II) colloid, size-stabilized for reticuloendothelial organ imaging without the use of macromolecular stabilizers and a packaged tin base reagent and an improved method for making it are disclosed.

Radiolabelled polymeric IgA: from biodistribution to a new molecular imaging tool in colorectal cancer lung metastases

PubMed Central

Carpenet, Helene; Cuvillier, Armelle; Perraud, Aurélie; Martin, Ophélie; Champier, Gaël; Jauberteau, Marie-Odile; Monteil, Jacques; Quelven, Isabelle

2017-01-01

By radiolabelling monomeric (m) and polymeric (p) IgA with technetium 99m (99mTc), this study assessed IgA biodistribution and tumour-targeting potency. IgA directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a colorectal cancer marker, was selected to involve IgA mucosal tropism. Ig was radiolabelled with 99mTc-tricarbonyl after derivatisation by 2-iminothiolane. 99mTc-IgA was evaluated by in vitro analysis. The biodistributions of radiolabelled anti-CEA mIgA, pIgA and IgG were compared in normal mice. Anti-CEA pIgA tumour uptake was studied in mice bearing the WiDr caecal orthotopic graft. IgA radiolabelling was obtained with a high yield, was stable in PBS and murine plasma, and did not alter IgA binding functionality (Kd ≈ 25 nM). Biodistribution studies in normal mice confirmed that radiolabelled pIgA – and to a lesser extent, mIgA – showed strong and fast mucosal tropism and a shorter serum half-life than IgG. In caecal tumour model mice, evaluation of the anti-CEA-pIgA biodistribution showed a high uptake in lung metastases, confirmed by histological analysis. However, no radioactivity uptake increase in the tumoural caecum was discerned from normal intestinal tissue, probably due to high IgA caecal natural tropism. In microSPECT/CT imaging, 99mTc-IgA confirmed its diagnostic potency of tumour in mucosal tissue, even if detection threshold by in vivo imaging was higher than post mortem studies. Contribution of the FcαRI receptor, studied with transgenic mouse model (Tsg SCID-CD89), did not appear to be determinant in 99mTc-IgA uptake. Pre-clinical experiments highlighted significant differences between 99mTc-IgA and 99mTc-IgG biodistributions. Furthermore, tumoural model studies suggested potential targeting potency of pIgA in mucosal tissues. PMID:29156712

Technetium-99m production issues in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Green, Christopher H

2012-04-01

Nuclear Medicine developed when it was realised that a radioisotopic substitution of Iodine-131 for the stable Iodine-127 would follow the same metabolic pathway in the body enabling the thyroid to be imaged and the thyroid uptake measured. The Iodine could be complexed with pharmaceutical substrates to enable other organs to be imaged, but its use was limited and high gamma energy and beta emission restricted the activity of each radiopharmaceutical used, leading to long acquisition times and degraded images. As a pure gamma emitter of 140 keV and with a 6-h half-life, Technetium-99m is a better radionuclide and images a wider range of bodily organs. However, its short half-life also requires it to be eluted from its mother radionuclide, Mo-99, in a generator, delivered weekly from radiopharmaceutical companies who obtain the Mo-99 in liquid form from high-flux research reactors. All went well till around 2007, when the NRU Reactor in Canada was closed and all other reactors went down for various periods for unrelated problems, leading to widespread Mo-99 shortages. Although the reactors have since recovered, they are 48 to 57 years old, and it seems that few governments have made any future provision such as building replacement reactors.

Technetium-99m production issues in the United Kingdom

PubMed Central

Green, Christopher H.

2012-01-01

Nuclear Medicine developed when it was realised that a radioisotopic substitution of Iodine-131 for the stable Iodine-127 would follow the same metabolic pathway in the body enabling the thyroid to be imaged and the thyroid uptake measured. The Iodine could be complexed with pharmaceutical substrates to enable other organs to be imaged, but its use was limited and high gamma energy and beta emission restricted the activity of each radiopharmaceutical used, leading to long acquisition times and degraded images. As a pure gamma emitter of 140 keV and with a 6-h half-life, Technetium-99m is a better radionuclide and images a wider range of bodily organs. However, its short half-life also requires it to be eluted from its mother radionuclide, Mo-99, in a generator, delivered weekly from radiopharmaceutical companies who obtain the Mo-99 in liquid form from high-flux research reactors. All went well till around 2007, when the NRU Reactor in Canada was closed and all other reactors went down for various periods for unrelated problems, leading to widespread Mo-99 shortages. Although the reactors have since recovered, they are 48 to 57 years old, and it seems that few governments have made any future provision such as building replacement reactors. PMID:22557795

Comparison of technetium-99m-HMPAO and technetium-99m-ECD cerebral SPECT images in Alzheimer`s disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dyck, C.H. van; Lin, C.H.; Smith, E.O.

1996-11-01

SPECT has shown increasing promise as a diagnostic tool in Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Recently, a new SPECT brain perfusion agent, {sup 99m}Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer ({sup 99m}Tc-ECD) has emerged with purported advantages in image quality over the established tracer, {sup 99m}Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO). This research aimed to compare cerebral images for ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO). This research aimed to compare cerebral images for {sup 99}mTc-HMPAO and {sup 99m}Tc-ECD in discriminating patients with AD form control subjects. 51 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

Hürthle cell tumor dwelling in hot thyroid nodules: preoperative detection with technetium-99m-MIBI dual-phase scintigraphy.

PubMed

Vattimo, A; Bertelli, P; Cintorino, M; Burroni, L; Volterrani, D; Vella, A; Lazzi, S

1998-05-01

Single injection dual-phase scintigraphy (early and late acquisitions) with 99mTc-MIBI was used to differentiate benign and malignant hot thyroid nodules. Thirteen euthyroid and two hyperthyroid patients displaying a hot thyroid nodule on the 99mTc scan due to an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) underwent early (15-30 min) and late (3-4 hr) thyroid scintigraphy after the administration of 740-1000 MBq 99mTc-MIBI. Visual scoring was done to assess nodular tracer uptake and retention. In addition, the nodular-to-thyroid (N/T) uptake ratio in the early and late image and the washout rates (WO) from the nodule and thyroidal tissue were measured. All patients underwent thyroid surgery. Histopathology revealed a Hürthle cell tumor in three nodules, a benign adenoma with oxyphilic metaplasia in two nodules and a benign adenoma without oxyphilic cells in the remaining 10 nodules. The Hürthle cell tumor nodules displayed intense and persistent uptake of 99mTc-MIBI (N/T was 2.81 +/- 0.52 and 5.53 +/- 1.06 in early and late images, respectively; WO from the nodule was 12.33 +/- 0.47, WO from the thyroidal tissue was 22.00 +/- 3.56). The benign nodules showed intense uptake in the early image and intense uptake to absent retention in the late image (N/T was 2.94 +/- 1.31 and 1.62 +/- 0.50 in the early and late images, respectively; WO from the nodule was 20.25 +/- 2.92, WO from the thyroidal tissue was 20.33 +/- 2.92). Single injection dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy of the thyroid with AFTN can identify nodules as a result of the activity of a Hürthle cell tumor, since these tumors cause intense and persistent tracer uptake in contrast with a benign AFTN.

Human Fibronectin Extra-Domain B (EDB)-Specific Aptide (APTEDB) Radiolabelling with Technetium-99m as a Potent Targeted Tumour-Imaging Agent.

PubMed

Mohammadgholi, Mohsen; Sadeghzadeh, Nourollah; Erfani, Mostafa; Abediankenari, Saeid; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Emrarian, Iman; Jafari, Narjes; Behzadi, Ramezan

2018-01-01

Human fibronectin extra-domain B (EDB) is particularly expressed during angiogenesis progression. It is, thus, a promising marker of tumour growth. Aptides are a novel class of peptides with high-affinity binding to specific protein targets. APTEDB is an antagonist-like ligand that especially interacts with human fibronectin EDB. This study was the first attempt in which the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-conjugated APTEDB was labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) as an appropriate radiotracer and tricine/EDDA exchange labeling. Radiochemical purity, normal saline, and serum stability were evaluated by HPLC and radio-isotope TLC scanner. Other examinations, such as protein-binding calculation, dissociation radioligand binding assay, and partition coefficient constant determination, were also carried out. The cellular-specific binding of 99mTc- HYNIC-conjugated APTEDB was assessed in two EDB-positive (U87MG) and EDB-negative (U373MG) cell lines. Bio-distribution was investigated in normal mice as well as in U87MG and U373MG tumour-bearing mice. Eventually, the radiolabelled APTEDB was used for tumour imaging using planar SPECT. Radiolabelling was achieved with high purity (up to 97%) and accompanied by high solution (over 90% after overnight) and serum (80% after 2 hours) stability. The obtained cellular-specific binding ratio was greater than nine-fold. In-vivo experiments showed rapid blood clearance with mainly renal excretion and tumour uptake specificity (0.48±0.03% ID/g after 1h). The results of the imaging also confirmed considerable tumour uptake for EDB-positive cell line compared with the EDB-negative one. Aptides are considered to be a potent candidate for biopharmaceutical applications. They can be modified with imaging or therapeutic agents. This report shows the capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-APTEDB for human EDB-expressing tumours detection. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Breaking America's dependence on imported molybdenum.

PubMed

Einstein, Andrew J

2009-03-01

Approximately 9 million nuclear cardiology studies performed each year in the U.S. use technetium-99m, which is produced from the decay of molybdenum-99. The fragility of the worldwide technetium-99m supply chain has been underscored by current shortages caused by an unplanned shutdown of Europe's largest reactor. The majority of the U.S. supply derives from a reactor in Canada that is nearing the end of its lifespan and whose planned replacements have been cancelled recently. In this article, the clinical importance of technetium-99m and our tenuous dependence on the foreign supply of molybdenum are addressed, along with potential measures that may be taken to ensure that America's supply chain remains unbroken.

Evaluation of 99mTc-MIBI in thyroid gland imaging for the diagnosis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis

PubMed Central

Zhang, Ruiguo

2017-01-01

Objective: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is caused by amiodarone as a side effect of cardiovascular disease treatment. Based on the differences in their pathological and physiological mechanisms, many methods have been developed so far to differentiate AIT subtypes such as colour flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) and 24-h radioiodine uptake (RAIU). However, these methods suffer from inadequate accuracy in distinguishing different types of AITs and sometimes lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatments. Therefore, there is an unmet demand for an efficient method for accurate classification of AIT. Methods: Technetium-99 methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) thyroid imaging was performed on 15 patients for AIT classification, and the results were compared with other conventional methods such as CFDS, RAIU and 99mTcO4 imaging. Results: High uptake and retention of MIBI in thyroid tissue is characteristic in Type I AIT, while in sharp contrast, low uptake of MIBI in the thyroid tissue was observed in Type II AIT. Mixed-type AIT shows uptake value between Types I and II. MIBI imaging outperforms other methods with a lower misdiagnosis rate. Conclusion: Among the methods evaluated, MIBI imaging enables an accurate identification of Type I, II and mixed-type AITs by showing distinct images for different types of AITs. The results obtained from our selected subjects revealed that MIBI imaging is a reliable method for diagnosis and classification of AITs and MIBI imaging has potential in the treatment of thyroid diseases. Advances in knowledge: 99mTc-MIBI imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of AIT. It can distinguish different types of AITs especially for mixed-type AIT, which is usually difficult to treat. 99mTc-MIBI has potential advantages over conventional methods in the efficient treatment of AIT. PMID:28106465

Iron deficiency anemia in an athlete associated with Campylobacter pylori-negative chronic gastritis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mack, D.; Sherman, P.

1989-08-01

A 14-year-old athletic boy with a 1-year history of decreased exercise tolerance presented with unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Panendoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract were normal. However, persistent uptake of radionuclide using a {sup 99m}technetium-sucralfate scan suggested inflammation localized to the stomach. Mucosal biopsies demonstrated acute and chronic gastritis that was not associated with the presence of Campylobacter pylori.

A coupled bimodal SPECT-CT imaging and brain kinetics studies of zolmitriptan-encapsulated nanostructured polymeric carriers.

PubMed

Mandlik, Satish K; Ranpise, Nisharani S; Mohanty, Bhabani S; Chaudhari, Pradip R

2018-06-01

The present investigation deals with preparation and characterization of anti-migraine zolmitriptan (ZMT) nanostructured polymeric carriers for nose to brain drug targeting. The drug-loaded colloidal nanocarriers of ZMT were prepared by modified ionic gelation of cationic chitosan with anionic sodium tripolyphosphate and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Further, in order to investigate nose to brain drug targeting, biodistribution, and brain kinetics studies were performed using 99m technetium radiolabeled nanocarriers ( 99m Tc-ZMTNP) in Swiss albino mice. The results were compared with intranasal pure drug solution ( 99m Tc-ZMT) and intravenous nanocarriers ( 99m Tc-ZMTNP). A single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) radioimaging studies were also carried out to visualize and confirm brain uptake of nanocarriers. The optimized nanocarriers showed particle size of 161 nm, entrapment efficiency of 80.6%, and zeta potential of + 23.7 mV. The pharmacokinetic parameters, C max , and AUC 0-∞ values for ZMT concentration in the brain expressed as percent radioactivity per gram of brain in intranasal and intravenous route of administration were calculated. The brain C max and AUC 0-∞ values found in three groups, intranasal 99m Tc-ZMTNP, intranasal 99m Tc-ZMT, and intravenous 99m Tc-ZMTNP were (0.427 and 1.889), (0.272 and 0.7157), and (0.204 and 0.9333), respectively. The higher C max values of intranasal 99m Tc-ZMTNP suggests better brain uptake as compared to other routes of administration. The significant higher values of nose to brain targeting parameters namely, drug targeting index (5.57), drug targeting efficiency (557.08%), and nose to brain drug direct transport (82.05%) confirmed drug targeting to brain via nasal route. The coupled bimodal SPECT-CT scintigrams confirm the brain uptake of intranasal 99m Tc-ZMTNP demonstrating major radioactivity accumulation in brain. This study conclusively demonstrated the greater uptake of ZMT-loaded nanocarriers by nose to brain drug targeting, which proves promising drug delivery system.

Accelerator Generation and Thermal Separation (AGATS) of Technetium-99m

ScienceCinema

Grover, Blaine

2018-05-01

Accelerator Generation and Thermal Separation (AGATS) of Technetium-99m is a linear electron accelerator-based technology for producing medical imaging radioisotopes from a separation process that heats, vaporizes and condenses the desired radioisotope. You can learn more about INL's education programs at http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

Differences between the macroscopic and tracer level chemistry of rhenium and technetium: contrasting cage isomerisation behaviour of Re(I) and Tc(I) carborane complexes.

PubMed

Armstrong, Andrea F; Valliant, John F

2010-09-21

Carboranes form stable complexes with the [M(CO)(3)](+) (M = (99m)Tc, Re) core and are viable ligands for the development of targeted radiopharmaceuticals. (99m)Tc-carborane complexes were found to exhibit substantially different 1,2-->1,7 cage isomerisation behaviour than their Re counterparts, challenging the validity of the routine use of rhenium as a surrogate for the development of technetium-99m based molecular imaging agents.

Magnetic core mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with dacarbazine and labelled with 99mTc for early and differential detection of metastatic melanoma by single photon emission computed tomography.

PubMed

Portilho, Filipe Leal; Helal-Neto, Edward; Cabezas, Santiago Sánchez; Pinto, Suyene Rocha; Dos Santos, Sofia Nascimento; Pozzo, Lorena; Sancenón, Félix; Martínez-Máñez, Ramón; Santos-Oliveira, Ralph

2018-02-27

Cancer is responsible for more than 12% of all causes of death in the world, with an annual death rate of more than 7 million people. In this scenario melanoma is one of the most aggressive ones with serious limitation in early detection and therapy. In this direction we developed, characterized and tested in vivo a new drug delivery system based on magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticle that has been doped with dacarbazine and labelled with technetium 99 m to be used as nano-imaging agent (nanoradiopharmaceutical) for early and differential diagnosis and melanoma by single photon emission computed tomography. The results demonstrated the ability of the magnetic core-mesoporous silica to be efficiently (>98%) doped with dacarbazine and also efficiently labelled with 99mTc (technetium 99 m) (>99%). The in vivo test, using inducted mice with melanoma, demonstrated the EPR effect of the magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with dacarbazine and labelled with technetium 99 metastable when injected intratumorally and the possibility to be used as systemic injection too. In both cases, magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with dacarbazine and labelled with technetium 99 metastable showed to be a reliable and efficient nano-imaging agent for melanoma.

TC-99m MIBI SPECT imaging in patients with lung carcinoma: is it a functional probe of multidrug resistance genes?

PubMed

Ak, Ilknur; Gülbaş, Zafer; Ocak, Suna; Kaya, Eser; Alataş, Füsun; Vardareli, Erkan; Metintaş, Muzaffer

2007-01-01

Multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype concerns altered membrane transport that results in lower cell concentrations of cytotoxic drug in many cancer types, including lung cancer, and is related to the overexpression of a variety of proteins that act as adenosine triphosphate-dependent extrusion pumps. Tc-99m Sestamibi (MIBI) is a transport substrate for P-glycoprotein (Pgp) pump. In this study, we assessed the uptake and clearance of technetium-99m-2-hexakis 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-99m MIBI) from the tumor and its correlation with messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Pgp, MDR-associated protein (MRP1), and lung resistance protein (LRP) in lung carcinoma. This study was carried out on 19 patients (mean age, 60.1 +/- 2.07 years) with advanced-stage lung carcinoma. The tumor samples obtained by bronchoscopy were assessed to estimate the levels of Pgp, MRP1, and LRP expression on mRNA level by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tc-99m MIBI chest imaging was performed 15 and 180 minutes after injection of 740 MBq Tc-99m MIBI. The early (T/Be) and delayed (T/Bd) Tc-99m MIBI uptakes and washout rate (WR) of Tc-99m MIBI from the tumor were measured. No correlation was found between the T/Be Tc-99m MIBI uptake of tumors (T/Be) and the levels of Pgp mRNA, MRP1 mRNA, and LRP mRNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. There was a correlation between the mean T/Bd Tc-99m MIBI uptake and Pgp expression of the tumors (P = 0.001, Spearman rho = - 0.702). There was a correlation between the WR of Tc-99m MIBI from the tumor and Pgp expression of the tumor (P = 0.000, Spearman rho = 0.875). Washout rate of Tc-99m MIBI was not related to the levels of MRP1 mRNA (P = 0.93, Spearman rho = 0.02) or LRP mRNA (P = 0.47, Spearman rho = 0.177). Increased WR of Tc-99m MIBI is related in Pgp over expression of the tumor. Tc-99m MIBI single photon emission computed tomography imaging may be a functional probe of overexpression of Pgp in patients with lung carcinoma. However, Tc-99m MIBI single photon emission computed tomography imaging cannot be used to identify the MDR involved in the MRP1 or LRP in these patients.

Gallium scanning in cerebral and cranial infections. [/sup 67/Ga, /sup 99m/Tc tracer techniques

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Waxman, A.D.; Siemsen, J.K.

1976-08-01

Eighteen patients with cranial or intracranial infections were studied with technetium and gallium brain scans. Seven of 18 lesions were noted with gallium and not with pertechnetate, while the reverse pattern was not seen. Brain abscesses were visualized with gallium but not with pertechnetate in two of five cases. Osteomyelitis of the skull and mastoiditis showed intense gallium uptake in all cases, while meningitis or cerebritis gave inconsistent results.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McAfee, J.G.; Krauss, D.J.; Subramanian, G.

The 3-hour biodistribution of /sup 99m/Tc complexes of five diphosphonates (HMDP, NMMDP, DMAD, DPD, and APD), imidodiphosphonate (IDP), and pyrophosphate (PYP) was compared in rats with segmental renal infarction induced by a 1-hour occlusion of a renal artery branch. /sup 95m/Tc labeled MDP was a reference substance in all animals. Three agents (APD, HMDP and IDP) had a higher infarct/normal kidney concentration ratio than MDP, the latter two by virtue of a lower content in normal kidney. HMDP, DPD, and IDP had very high liver concentrations. DPD showed relatively high concentrations in soft tissues and blood. The blood and kidneymore » levels of PYP were higher than those of MDP but the infarct/normal kidney ratios were similar. None of the agents had a higher uptake in bone than MDP: four had a significantly lower uptake. The increased concentration of /sup 99m/Tc MDP in the infarcts was readily seen in camera images one day after renal artery occlusion, but not at three or seven days. Increased diphosphonate uptake was accompanied by an influx of calcium in both cortex and medulla. The accumulation of diphosphonate in areas of infarction was not modified by infusions of verapamil or Captopril.« less

Assessment of antioxidative ability in brain: Imaging of glutathione localization with technetium-99M meso-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sasaki, T.; Toyama, H.; Oda, K.

1994-05-01

An oxidative stress is postulated to be important in tissue injury after ischemia and reperfusion, inflammation, aging and various disease. Glutathione (GSH), one of the major antioxidants in the brain, is presumed to be responsible for the metabolism and retention of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO. In order to visualize the regional localization of GSH in the brain, the relationship between the concentrations of tissue GSH and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO and [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO was studied in mice. Increasing load of diethyl maleate (DEM), a reducing agent of GSH and several other thiols, before [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO injection, led to a dose dependent decreasemore » of GSH and [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO. At the highest dose of loaded DEM, the uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO in the brain was decreased to 20-30% of the control. In contrast, pretreatment with DEM did little affect the [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO uptake. To elucidate the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO in brain, we studied the in vitro interactions of [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO and [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO with GSH, ascorbate and cysteine by measuring octanol-extractable radioactivity, which is remaining intact [Tc-99m] HM-PAO, as a function of incubation period. The disappearance raw of [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO and [TC-99m] d,l-HM-PAO were 0.18 and 0.96%/min, respectively. Either meso or d,l-isomer did not interact with ascorbate or cysteine. This result suggested that the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] meso- and d,l-isomers in brain was related to their specific interaction with GSH, and did not related to non-specific interaction with various thiols or other reducing agents. This extremely high reaction rate of [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO with GSH could explain the capability of a small amount of GSH to trap [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO in maximum DEM loading. These results indicated that [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO would be suitable to image the concentration of GSH in the brain, as opposed d,l-isomer that images blood flow.« less

Effect of Dietary Intake of Stable Iodine on Dose-per-unit-intake Factors for 99Tc

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strom, Daniel J.

It is well-known that the human thyroid concentrates iodine more than 100 times the concentration in plasma. Also well-known is the fact that large amounts of stable iodine in the diet can limit thyroid uptake of total iodine; this is the basis for administering potassium iodide following a release of radioiodine from a nuclear reactor accident or nuclear weapon detonation. Many researchers have shown enhanced concentrations of both organic and inorganic iodine in saliva and breast milk. Technetium-99 is a long-lived (231,000 year half-life) radionuclide of concern in the management of high-level radioactive waste. There is no doubt that 99Tc,more » if it is in groundwater, will be found in the chemical form of pertechnetate, 99TcO4?. Pertechnetate is a large anion, almost identical in size to iodide, I?. The nuclear medicine literature shows that pertechnetate concentrates in the thyroid, salivary glands, and lactating breast in addition to the stomach, liver, and alimentary tract as currently recognized by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The fact that large intakes of stable iodine (127I) in the diet limit uptake of iodine by the thyroid leads one to generalize that stable iodine in the diet may also limit thyroid uptake of pertechnetate. While there is at least one report that iodine in the diet blocks uptake of 99mTcO4? by the thyroid and salivary glands (which have the same Na/I symporter, the biochemical concentration mechanism), the level of protective effect seen for blocking radioactive iodine is not expected for 99TcO4? because pertechnetate does not become organically bound in the thyroid and thus is not retained for months the way iodide is. While it does account for Tc concentration in the thyroid, the existing ICRP biokinetic model for technetium does not take enhanced concentrations in salivary gland and breast tissue into account. From the survey of the nuclear medicine literature, it is not possible to compute the effect of stable iodine in the diet on the dose per unit intake factors for 99Tc without developing an improved biokinetic model for technetium. Specific experiments should be designed to quantitatively evaluate 99TcO4? metabolism, excretion, and secretion, as well as to evaluate its chemical toxicity It is recommended that the ICRP reexamine its biokinetics models for Tc based on nuclear medicine data that have accumulated over the years. In particular, the ICRP ignores the lactation pathway, the enhanced concentration of Tc in breast and breast milk, and enhanced concentration of Tc (and I) in the salivary glands as well as in the thyroid. The ICRP should also explicitly incorporate the effect of stable iodine in the diet into both its models for iodine and technetium. The effect of concentration of Tc in breast milk needs further study for dosimetric implications to nursing infants whose mothers may ingest 99TcO4? from groundwater sources. The ICRP should also investigate the possibility of enhanced concentration of both I and Tc in the non-lactating female breast. To do these re-evaluations of biokinetic models, new experiments designed specifically to evaluate these questions concerning the biokinetics of Tc and I are needed.« less

Use of quantitative SPECT/CT reconstruction in 99mTc-sestamibi imaging of patients with renal masses.

PubMed

Jones, Krystyna M; Solnes, Lilja B; Rowe, Steven P; Gorin, Michael A; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Fung, George; Frey, Eric C; Allaf, Mohamad E; Du, Yong; Javadi, Mehrbod S

2018-02-01

Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc)-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) has previously been shown to allow for the accurate differentiation of benign renal oncocytomas and hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCTs) apart from other malignant renal tumor histologies, with oncocytomas/HOCTs showing high uptake and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) showing low uptake based on uptake ratios from non-quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) reconstructions. However, in this study, several tumors fell close to the uptake ratio cutoff, likely due to limitations in conventional SPECT/CT reconstruction methods. We hypothesized that application of quantitative SPECT/CT (QSPECT) reconstruction methods developed by our group would provide more robust separation of hot and cold lesions, serving as an imaging framework on which quantitative biomarkers can be validated for evaluation of renal masses with 99m Tc-sestamibi. Single-photon emission computed tomography data were reconstructed using the clinical Flash 3D reconstruction and QSPECT methods. Two blinded readers then characterized each tumor as hot or cold. Semi-quantitative uptake ratios were calculated by dividing lesion activity by background renal activity for both Flash 3D and QSPECT reconstructions. The difference between median (mean) hot and cold tumor uptake ratios measured 0.655 (0.73) with the QSPECT method and 0.624 (0.67) with the conventional method, resulting in increased separation between hot and cold tumors. Sub-analysis of 7 lesions near the separation point showed a higher absolute difference (0.16) between QPSECT and Flash 3D mean uptake ratios compared to the remaining lesions. Our finding of improved separation between uptake ratios of hot and cold lesions using QSPECT reconstruction lays the foundation for additional quantitative SPECT techniques such as SPECT-UV in the setting of renal 99m Tc-sestamibi and other SPECT/CT exams. With robust quantitative image reconstruction and biomarker analysis, there may be an expanded role for SPECT/CT imaging in renal masses and other pathologic conditions.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geyskes, G.G.; Oei, H.Y.; Puylaert, C.B.

In a 56-year-old man with severe familial hypertension and unilateral renal artery stenosis, captopril induced striking changes in the renograms of the affected kidney. After injection of orthoiodohippurate sodium I 131, the uptake phase was unchanged but the later curve showed continuous accumulation. In contrast, the uptake of technetium Tc 99m diethylenetriamine pentracetic acid was abolished. These changes are compatible with a cessation of filtration and maintenance of renal blood flow. After balloon dilatation of the stenosis, the blood pressure became lower, and these changes could no longer be demonstrated. The captopril renogram may provide useful information on the dependencymore » of hypertension on unilateral renal artery stenosis.« less

Detection of homing-in of stem cells labeled with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in infarcted myocardium after intracoronary injection

PubMed Central

Patel, Chetan D; Agarwal, Snehlata; Seth, Sandeep; Mohanty, Sujata; Aggarwal, Himesh; Gupta, Namit

2014-01-01

Bone marrow stem cells having myogenic potential are promising candidates for various cell-based therapies for myocardial disease. We present here images showing homing of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) labeled stem cells in the infarcted myocardium from a pilot study conducted to radio-label part of the stem cells in patients enrolled in a stem cell clinical trial for recent myocardial infarction. PMID:25400375

Malignant external otitis: The diagnostic value of bone scintigraphy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ostfeld, E.; Aviel, A.; Pelet, D.

1981-06-01

Technetium99m Methylene Diphosphate bone scintigraphy (BS) of the skull was performed in three patients with malignant external otitis (MEO). Pathological uptake of the radioisotope in the mastoid region was found during the early stages of MEO updating radiologic findings. The extent of the radioisotope accumulation during the early stages of MEO indicates that the actual tissue damage exceeds the clinical estimation. The follow-up BS findings correlate well with the clinical course of MEO indicating either healing or extension to the base of skull.

Development and characterization of a 99m Tc-tricarbonyl-labelled estradiol derivative obtained by "Click Chemistry" with potential application in estrogen receptors imaging.

PubMed

Tejería, María Emilia; Giglio, Javier; Dematteis, Silvia; Rey, Ana

2017-09-01

Assessment of the presence of estrogen receptors in breast cancer is crucial for treatment planning. With the objective to develop a potential agent for estrogen receptors imaging, we present the development and characterization of a 99m Tc-tricarbonyl-labelled estradiol derivative. Using ethinylestradiol as starting material, an estradiol derivative bearing a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole-containing tridentate ligand system was synthesized by "Click Chemistry" and fully characterized. Labelling with high yield and radiochemical purity was achieved through the formation of a 99m Tc-tricarbonyl complex. The radiolabelled compound was stable, exhibited moderate binding to plasma protein (approximately 33%) and lipophilicity in the adequate range (logP 1.3 ± 0.1 at pH 7.4). Studies in MCF7 showed promising uptake values (approximately 2%). However, more than 50% of the activity is quickly released from the cell. Biodistribution experiments in normal rats confirmed the expected "in vivo" stability of the radiotracer but showed very high gastrointestinal and liver activity, which is inconvenient for in vivo applications. Taking into consideration the well-documented influence of the chelating system in the physicochemical and biological behaviour of technetium-labelled small biomolecules, research will be continued using the same pharmacophore but different complexation modalities of technetium. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

2-Phenylbenzothiazole conjugated with cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl [CpM(CO)3] (M = Re, (99m)Tc) complexes as potential imaging probes for β-amyloid plaques.

PubMed

Jia, Jianhua; Cui, Mengchao; Dai, Jiapei; Liu, Boli

2015-04-14

Technetium-99m-labeled cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl complexes conjugated with the 2-phenylbenzothiazole binding motif were synthesized. The rhenium surrogates , , and were demonstrated to have moderate to high affinities for Aβ1-42 aggregates with Ki values of 142, 76, 64 and 24 nM, respectively. During the fluorescence staining of brain sections of transgenic mice and patients with Alzheimer's disease, these rhenium complexes demonstrated perfect and intense labeling of Aβ plaques. Moreover, in in vitro autoradiography, (99m)Tc-labeled complexes clearly detected β-amyloid plaques on sections of brain tissue from transgenic mice, which confirmed the sufficient affinity of these tracers for Aβ plaques. However, these compounds did not show desirable properties in vivo, especially showing poor brain uptake (below 0.5% ID g(-1)), which will hinder the further development of these tracers as brain imaging agents. Nonetheless, it is encouraging that these (99m)Tc-labeled complexes designed by a conjugate approach displayed sufficient affinities for Aβ plaques.

[⁹⁹mTc]O₂-AMD3100 as a SPECT tracer for CXCR4 receptor imaging.

PubMed

Hartimath, Siddesh V; Domanska, Urszula M; Walenkamp, Annemiek M E; Rudi A J O, Dierckx; de Vries, Erik F J

2013-05-01

CXCR4 plays an important role in HIV infection, tumor progression, neurogenesis, and inflammation. In-vivo imaging of CXCR4 could provide more insight in the role of this receptor in health and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate [(99m)Tc]O₂-AMD3100 as a potential SPECT tracer for imaging of CXCR4. AMD3100 was labelled with [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate. A cysteine challenge assay was performed to test the tracer stability. Heterologous and homologous receptor binding assay and internalization assay were performed in CXCR4 expressing Jurkat-T cells. Ex vivo biodistribution was studied in healthy mice at 30, 60, and 120 min after tracer injection. Tumor uptake of the tracer was determined by microSPECT imaging in nude mice xenografted with human PC-3 prostate tumor. Specificity of tracer uptake was determined by blocking studies using an excess of unlabelled AMD3100. AMD3100 was labelled with technetium-99m with a radiochemical yield of >98%. The tracer was stable in PBS and mouse plasma for at least 6h at 37 °C. Heterologous and homologous binding assays with AMD3100 showed IC50 values of 240 ± 10 μM, and 92 ± 5 μM for [(125)I]SDF-1α and [(99m)Tc]O₂-AMD3100 respectively, with negligible receptor internalisation. The tracer showed high uptake in liver, lungs, spleen, thymus, intestine and bone. Blocking dose of AMD3100.8HCl (20mg/kg) decreased the uptake in these organs (p<0.05). [(99m)Tc]O2-AMD3100 showed specific tumor accumulation in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts model. Time activity curves (TAC) in AMD3100 pre-treated animals tracer showed 1.7 times less tumor uptake as compared to control animals (p<0.05). [(99m)Tc]O2-AMD3100 is readily labelled, is stable in plasma and displays a favourable binding affinity for the CXCR4 receptors. [(99m)Tc O₂-AMD3100 shows specific binding in organs with high CXCR4 expression and in CXCR4 positive tumors. These results justify further evaluation of this radiopharmaceutical as a potential biomarker for the non-invasive imaging of CXCR4 receptors. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Technetium-99m and rhenium-188 complexes with one and two pendant bisphosphonate groups for imaging arterial calcification.

PubMed

Bordoloi, Jayanta Kumar; Berry, David; Khan, Irfan Ullah; Sunassee, Kavitha; de Rosales, Rafael Torres Martin; Shanahan, Catherine; Blower, Philip J

2015-03-21

The first (99m)Tc and (188)Re complexes containing two pendant bisphosphonate groups have been synthesised, based on the mononuclear M(v) nitride core with two dithiocarbamate ligands each with a pendant bisphosphonate. The structural identity of the (99)Tc and stable rhenium analogues as uncharged, mononuclear nitridobis(dithiocarbamate) complexes was determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The (99m)Tc complex showed greater affinity for synthetic and biological hydroxyapatite, and greater stability in biological media, than the well-known but poorly-characterised and inhomogeneous bone imaging agent (99m)Tc-MDP. It gave excellent SPECT images of both bone calcification (mice and rats) and vascular calcification (rat model), but the improved stability and the availability of two pendant bisphosphonate groups conferred no dramatic advantage in imaging over the conventional (99m)Tc-MDP agent in which the bisphosphonate group is bound directly to Tc. The (188)Re complex also showed preferential uptake in bone. These tracers and the biological model of vascular calcification offer the opportunity to study the biological interpretation and clinical potential of radionuclide imaging of vascular calcification and to deliver radionuclide therapy to bone metastases.

Radionuclide bone scanning of osteosarcoma: falsely extended uptake patterns.

PubMed

Chew, F S; Hudson, T M

1982-07-01

The pathologic specimens of 18 osteosarcomas of long bones were examined to correlate histologic abnormalities with abnormalities seen on preoperative 99mTc pyrophosphate or methylene diphosphonate bone scans. Seven scans accurately represented the extent of the tumor. Eleven scans disclosed increased activity extending beyond the radiographic abnormalities. In eight of these, there was no occult tumor extension and in the other three, the scan activity did not accurately portray the skip metastases that were present. Therefore, these 11 scans demonstrated the falsely extended pattern of uptake beyond the true limits of the tumors. Pathologic slides were available for 10 of the 11 areas of bone that exhibited extended uptake. In two instances, there was no pathologic abnormality. In the other eight cases we found marrow hyperemia, medullary reactive bone, or periosteal new bone. This is the first description of these histologic abnormalities of medullary bone in areas of extended uptake on radionuclide bone scans.

Evaluation of normality and reproducibility parameters of scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-MAA in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations.

PubMed

de Queirós, Andréa Simone Siqueira; Brandão, Simone Cristina Soares; Macedo, Liana Gonçalves; Ourem, Maira Souto; Mota, Vitor Gomes; Leite, Luiz Arthur Calheiros; Lopes, Edmundo Pessoa Almeida; Domingues, Ana Lúcia Coutinho

2015-01-01

The formation of intrapulmonary vascular dilations (IPVD) is the key event for the onset of hepatopulmonary syndrome, vascular changes secondary to portal hypertension that leads to hypoxemia. The diagnosis of IPVD can be made by contrasted transthoracic echocardiography or scintigraphy with technetium-macroaggregated albumin-((99m)Tc-MAA)-that is a sensitive and specific diagnostic method and quantifies the IPVD magnitude. However, its procedure and diagnostic indices are not yet standardized and well defined in health services. The aims of this study were to define normality values and evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility degree of diagnostic indexes of IPVD through (99m)Tc-MAA scintigraphy. Cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco (HC-UFPE) between July and December 2012. Fifteen patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and nine patients without liver or heart disease (control group) were assessed. After clinical assessment, ultrasound and echocardiography, patients underwent (99m)Tc-MAA scintigraphy, and a relative brain uptake value exceeding 6 % or systemic uptake value exceeding 11 % was considered diagnostic of IPVD. Each assessment was performed by two independent observers. To analyze the results of the normal group, the nonparametric Bootsptrap method simulation model combined with the Monte Carlo method was used and to analyze inter- and intra-observer reproducibility indexes, the kappa and intra-class correlation coefficient were used. In normal subjects, the average brain uptake of (99m)Tc-MAA was 7.9 ± 0.01 % and systemic uptake was 12.4 ± 0.03 %, with low dispersal rates for both measures. The intra-observer agreement was 100 %, with kappa index of 1.0 (p < 0.0001), suggesting a perfect agreement. The inter-observer agreement was also 100 % (kappa = 1.0, p < 0.0001) for brain uptake; however, systemic uptake showed kappa = 0.25 (p = 0.07), which features tolerable concordance. The intra-class correlation was excellent for both uptake indexes. The normality values were slightly higher than those reported in studies from other countries. The demographic characteristics of the Brazilian population, the small number of patients or different methodologies can be the causes of such differences. (99m)Tc-MAA scintigraphy showed excellent reproducibility.

Preparation, characterization, and biodistribution of letrozole loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Ehrlich Ascites tumor bearing mice.

PubMed

Mondal, Nita; Halder, Kamal Krishna; Kamila, Madan Mohan; Debnath, Mita Chatterjee; Pal, Tapan K; Ghosal, Saroj K; Sarkar, Bharat R; Ganguly, Shantanu

2010-09-15

Letrozole (LTZ) incorporated PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacement technique and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, poly-dispersity index and zeta potential measurement. Radiolabeling of free LTZ and LTZ-loaded PLGA NPs was performed with technetium-99m with high labeling efficiency. The labeled complex showed good in vitro stability as verified by DTPA challenge test. The labeled complexes also showed significant in vivo stability when incubated in rat serum for 24 h. Biodistribution studies of (99m)Tc-labeled complexes were performed after intravenous administration in normal mice and Ehrlich Ascites tumor bearing mice. Compared to free LTZ, LTZ-loaded PLGA NPs exhibited significantly lower uptake by the organs of RES. The tumor concentration of LTZ-loaded PLGA NPs was 4.65 times higher than that of free LTZ at 4 h post-injection. This study indicates the capability of PLGA nanopartcles in enhancing the tumor uptake of letrozole. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bone scanning in severe external otitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levin, W.J.; Shary, J.H. 3d.; Nichols, L.T.

1986-11-01

Technetium99 Methylene Diphosphate bone scanning has been considered an early valuable tool to diagnose necrotizing progressive malignant external otitis. However, to our knowledge, no formal studies have actually compared bone scans of otherwise young, healthy patients with severe external otitis to scans of patients with clinical presentation of malignant external otitis. Twelve patients with only severe external otitis were studied with Technetium99 Diphosphate and were compared to known cases of malignant otitis. All scans were evaluated by two neuroradiologists with no prior knowledge of the clinical status of the patients. Nine of the 12 patients had positive bone scans withmore » many scans resembling those reported with malignant external otitis. Interestingly, there was no consistent correlation between the severity of clinical presentation and the amount of Technetium uptake. These findings suggest that a positive bone scan alone should not be interpreted as indicative of malignant external otitis.« less

Mammary lymphoscintigraphy with various radiopharmaceuticals in breast cancer.

PubMed

Imoto, S; Murakami, K; Ikeda, H; Fukukita, H; Moriyama, N

1999-10-01

Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in breast cancer is a promising surgical technique that avoids unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. To optimize lymphatic mapping with radiopharmaceuticals, mammary lymphoscintigraphy with 30-50 MBq of technetium-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid human serum albumin (99mTc-HSAD), technetium-99m-human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA), or technetium-99m-tin colloid (99mTc-TC) were investigated in 69 cases of primary breast cancer. Dynamic early images were obtained during the first 30 or 40 minutes, and static delayed images were obtained 6 hours after tracer injection. Hot spots as sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) appeared in 51 of 69 cases (74%): in early images in 27 cases and in delayed images in 24 cases. SLNs were visualized more frequently in 23 of the 26 cases (88%) treated with 99mTc-HSAD and in 21 of the 24 cases (88%) treated with 99mTc-HSA than in only 7 of the 19 cases (37%) treated with 99mTc-TC. In 26 of the 51 cases, SLNs were identified as faint spots in delayed images. There was a significant difference in the first appearance of SLNs on the lymphoscintiscan between 43 cases of dense breast parenchyma and 26 cases of fatty breast parenchyma. These results suggest that 99mTc-HSAD or 99mTc-HSA is acceptable for lymphatic mapping, but in cases which have faint spots in delayed images or fatty breast parenchyma, gamma probe-guided SNB may result in failure or misleading false-negative SLNs.

Identification of Hürthle cell tumor by single-injection, double-phase scintigraphy with technetium-99m-sestamibi.

PubMed

Vattimo, A; Bertelli, P; Cintorino, M; Burroni, L; Volterrani, D; Vella, A

1995-05-01

Early and late (double-phase) scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI was used in a comparative study of the scintigraphic aspects of Hürthle cell tumors and other thyroid tumors. Single-injection, dual-phase (15-30 min and 3-4 hr) thyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) was performed on 41 patients who displayed a cold nodule on previous 99mTc scintigraphy. Visual scoring of nodular uptake was done to compare thyroidal and background tracer uptake. In addition, the nodular-to-thyroid (N/T) uptake ratio in the early and late images and the washout rate from the nodule (WON) and thyroidal tissue (WOT) were measured. Cytologic results were obtained for all patients; histopathologic results were obtained for the 20 patients who had surgery. In eight patients (Group A), the nodule displayed intense and persistent uptake of MIBI (N/T = 1.77 +/- 0.46 and 3.20 +/- 1.37; WON = 17.2% +/- 6.3%; WOT = 24.6% +/- 7.5%); histopathology revealed Hürthle cell tumors (two carcinomas and three adenomas) in five surgical patients. In 15 patients (Group B), the nodule displayed intense uptake in the early image with fading activity in the late image (N/T = 1.45 +/- 0.54 and 0.84 +/- 0.30; WON = 30.0% +/- 7.3%; WOT = 24.5% +/- 6.8%); histopathology revealed a colloid nodule (n = 1), papillary carcinoma (n = 4) and follicular carcinoma (n = 5) in 10 surgical patients. In the remaining 18 patients (Group C), the nodule was cold and late images were not acquired. Histopathology revealed colloid nodules (n = 2) and follicular adenoma (n = 3) in five surgical patients. Single-injection, dual-phase MIBI scintigraphy of the thyroid can identify Hürthle cell tumors because these tumors have intense, persistent tracer uptake in contrast to other thyroid tumors.

Identification of Warthin tumor: magnetic resonance imaging versus salivary scintigraphy with technetium-99m pertechnetate.

PubMed

Motoori, Ken; Ueda, Takuya; Uchida, Yoshitaka; Chazono, Hideaki; Suzuki, Homare; Ito, Hisao

2005-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate scintigraphy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor. Sixteen cases of Warthin tumor and 17 cases of non-Warthin tumor were examined by Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy with lemon juice stimulation and MR imaging, including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, short inversion time inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced dynamic images. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. The mean area under the ROC curves of MR imaging in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (0.97) was higher than that of Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy (0.88). Magnetic resonance imaging is more useful in the evaluation of Warthin tumor than Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy.

Value of imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children: data from Italian renal infection study 1.

PubMed

Montini, Giovanni; Zucchetta, Pietro; Tomasi, Lisanna; Talenti, Enrico; Rigamonti, Waifro; Picco, Giorgio; Ballan, Alberto; Zucchini, Andrea; Serra, Laura; Canella, Vanna; Gheno, Marta; Venturoli, Andrea; Ranieri, Marco; Caddia, Valeria; Carasi, Carla; Dall'amico, Roberto; Hewitt, Ian

2009-02-01

We examined the diagnostic accuracy of routine imaging studies (ultrasonography and micturating cystography) for predicting long-term parenchymal renal damage after a first febrile urinary tract infection. This study addressed the secondary objective of a prospective trial evaluating different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Data for 300 children < or =2 years of age, with normal prenatal ultrasound results, who completed the diagnostic follow-up evaluation (ultrasonography and technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning within 10 days, cystography within 2 months, and repeat technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning at 12 months to detect scarring) were analyzed. Outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values for ultrasonography and cystography in predicting parenchymal renal damage on the 12-month technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans. The kidneys and urinary tracts were mostly normal. The acute technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans showed pyelonephritis in 54% of cases. Renal scarring developed in 15% of cases. The ultrasonographic and cystographic findings were poor predictors of long-term damage, showing minor sonographic abnormalities for 12 and reflux for 23 of the 45 children who subsequently developed scarring. The benefit of performing ultrasonography and scintigraphy in the acute phase or cystourethrography is minimal. Our findings support (1) technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy 6 months after infection to detect scarring that may be related to long-term hypertension, proteinuria, and renal function impairment (although the degree of scarring was generally minor and did not impair renal function) and (2) continued surveillance to identify recurrent urinary tract infections that may warrant further investigation.

Technetium-99m-labeled ceftizoxime loaded long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes used to identify osteomyelitis.

PubMed

Ferreira, Soraya Maria Zandim Maciel Dias; Domingos, Giselle Pires; Ferreira, Diego dos Santos; Rocha, Talita Guieiro Ribeiro; Serakides, Rogéria; de Faria Rezende, Cleuza Maria; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; Oliveira, Mônica Cristina

2012-07-15

Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease located in the bone or bone marrow. Long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing a technetium-99m-labeled antibiotic, ceftizoxime, (SpHL-(99m)Tc-CF) were developed to identify osteomyelitis foci. Biodistribution studies and scintigraphic images of bone infection or non infection-bearing rats that had been treated with these liposomes were performed. A high accumulation in infectious foci and high values in the target-non target ratio could be observed. These results indicate the potential of SpHL-(99m)Tc-CF as a potential agent for the diagnosis of bone infections. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural characterization of a bridged 99Tc-Sn-dimethylglyoxime complex: implications for the chemistry of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals prepared by the Sn (II) reduction of pertechnetate.

PubMed Central

Deutsch, E; Elder, R C; Lange, B A; Vaal, M J; Lay, D G

1976-01-01

Reduction of pertechnetate by tin(II) in the presence of dimethylglyoxime is shown, by single crystal x-ray analysis, to yield a technetium-tin-dimethylglyoxime complex in which tin and technetium are intimately connected by a triple bridging arrangement. One bridge consists of a single oxygen atom and it is hypothesized that this bridge arises from the inner sphere reduction of technetium by tin(II), the electrons being transferred through a technetium "yl" oxygen which eventually becomes the bridging atom. Two additional bridges arise from two dimethylglyoxime ligands that function as bidentate nitrogen donors towards Tc and monodentate oxygen donors towards Sn. The tin atom can thus be viewed as providing a three-pronged "cap" on one end of the Tc-dimethylglyoxime complex. The additional coordination sites around Tc are occupied by the two nitrogens of a third dimethylglyoxime ligand, making the Tc seven-coordinate. The additional coordination sites around Sn are occupied by three chloride anions, giving the Sn a fac octahedral coordination environment. From indirect evidence the oxidation states of tin and technetium are tentatively assigned to be IV and V, respectively. Since most 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals are synthesized by the tin(II) reduction of pertechnetate, it is likely that the Sn-O-Tc linkage described in this work is an important feature of the chemistry of these species. This linkage also provides a ready rationale for the close association of tin and technetium observed in many 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals. PMID:1069984

Quantification of myocardial infarction: a comparison of single photon-emission computed tomography with pyrophosphate to serial plasma MB-creatine kinase measurements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jansen, D.E.; Corbett, J.R.; Wolfe, C.L.

1985-08-01

Single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) with /sup 99m/Tc-pyrophosphate (PPi) has been shown to estimate size of myocardial infarction accurately in animals. The authors tested the hypothesis that SPECT with /sup /sup 99m//Tc-PPi and blood pool subtraction can provide prompt and accurate estimates of size of myocardial infarction in patients. SPECT estimates are potentially available early after the onset of infarction and should correlate with estimates of infarct size calculated from serial measurements of plasma MB-creatine kinase (CK) activity. Thirty-three patients with acute myocardial infarction and 16 control patients without acute myocardial infarction were studied. Eleven of the patients had transmuralmore » anterior myocardial infarction, 16 had transmural inferior myocardial infarction, and six had nontransmural myocardial infarction. SPECT was performed with a commercially available rotating gamma camera. Identical projection images of the distribution of 99mTc-PPi and the ungated cardiac blood pool were acquired sequentially over 180 degrees. Reconstructed sections were color coded and superimposed for purposes of localization of infarct. Areas of increased PPi uptake within myocardial infarcts were thresholded at 65% of peak activity. The blood pool was thresholded at 50% and subtracted to determine the endocardial border for the left ventricle. Myocardial infarcts ranged in size from 1 to 126 gram equivalents (geq) MB-CK. The correlation of MB-CK estimates of size of infarct with size determined by SPECT (both in geq) was good (r = .89 with a regression line of y = 13.1 + 1.5x).« less

Gamma camera dual imaging with a somatostatin receptor and thymidine kinase after gene transfer with a bicistronic adenovirus in mice.

PubMed

Zinn, Kurt R; Chaudhuri, Tandra R; Krasnykh, Victor N; Buchsbaum, Donald J; Belousova, Natalya; Grizzle, William E; Curiel, David T; Rogers, Buck E

2002-05-01

To compare two systems for assessing gene transfer to cancer cells and xenograft tumors with noninvasive gamma camera imaging. A replication-incompetent adenovirus encoding the human type 2 somatostatin receptor (hSSTr2) and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) enzyme (Ad-hSSTr2-TK) was constructed. A-427 human lung cancer cells were infected in vitro and mixed with uninfected cells at different ratios. A-427 tumors in nude mice (n = 23) were injected with 1 x 10(6) to 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of Ad-hSSTr2-TK. The expressed hSSTr2 and TK proteins were imaged owing to internally bound, or trapped, technetium 99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled hSSTr2-binding peptide (P2045) and radioiodinated 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodouracil (FIAU), respectively. Iodine 125 ((125)I)-labeled FIAU was used in vitro and iodine 131 ((131)I)-labeled FIAU, in vivo. The (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 and (125)I- or (131)I-labeled FIAU were imaged simultaneously with different window settings with an Anger gamma camera. Treatment effects were tested with analysis of variance. Infected cells in culture trapped (125)I-labeled FIAU and (99m)Tc-labeled P2045; uptake correlated with the percentage of Ad-hSSTr2-TK-positive cells. For 100% of infected cells, 24% +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SD) of the added (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 was trapped, which is significantly lower (P <.05) than the 40% +/- 2 of (125)I-labeled FIAU that was trapped. For the highest Ad-hSSTr2-TK tumor dose (5 x 10(8) pfu), the uptake of (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 was 11.1% +/- 2.9 of injected dose per gram of tumor (thereafter, dose per gram), significantly higher (P <.05) than the uptake of (131)I-labeled FIAU at 1.6% +/- 0.4 dose per gram. (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 imaging consistently depicted hSSTr2 gene transfer in tumors at all adenovirus doses. Tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-labeled P2045 positively correlated with Ad-hSSTr2-TK dose; (131)I-labeled FIAU tumor uptake did not correlate with vector dose. The hSSTr2 and TK proteins were simultaneously imaged following dual gene transfer with an adenovirus vector. Copyright RSNA, 2002

Scintigraphic detection of occult hemorrhage using RBCs labeled in vitro with technetium Tc 99m sodium pertechnetate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bunker, S.R.; Kolina, J.S.; Kaplan, K.A.

1983-05-01

Scintigraphy with RBCs labeled with technetium Tc 99m sodium pertechnetate effectively located the source of hemorrhage in a patient receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy. (The patient was initially seen with a large hematoma on the flank.) More important, the procedure was used to monitor activity in this otherwise-occult bleeding site. Scintigraphic studies may be useful in the management of these difficult clinical problems.

Role of nuclear medicine in clinical urology and nephrology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blaufox, M.D.; Fine, E.; Lee, H.B.

The application of radionuclide studies to nephrologic and urologic practice has reached a measurable degree of maturity during the past several years. In spite of this, the utilization of these techniques in many institutions in the United States continues to be far less frequent than one would expect from the clinical advantages. The aim of this editorial is to try to place the role of nuclear medicine in urology and nephrology in perspective. At the present time, in spite of the large number of renal agents that have been developed, there is no practical ideal radiopharmaceutical that can serve asmore » a universal agent. Arbitrarily, one may reduce the chief armamentarium to only four radiopharmaceuticals; technetium-99m DTPA, I-131 OIH (orthoiodohippurate), technetium-99m glucoheptonate and technetium-99m DMSA. These agents are discussed with their relative advantages and disadvantages.« less

Guava extract (Psidium guajava) alters the labelling of blood constituents with technetium-99m.

PubMed

Abreu, P R C; Almeida, M C; Bernardo, R M; Bernardo, L C; Brito, L C; Garcia, E A C; Fonseca, A S; Bernardo-Filho, M

2006-06-01

Psidium guajava (guava) leaf is a phytotherapic used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances and is used as anti-inflammatory medicine. In nuclear medicine, blood constituents (BC) are labelled with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and used to image procedures. However, data have demonstrated that synthetic or natural drugs could modify the labelling of BC with (99m)Tc. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of guava leaves on the labelling of BC with (99m)Tc. Blood samples of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of guava extract and labelled with (99m)Tc after the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI) in BC was determined. The results suggest that aqueous guava extract could present antioxidant action and/or alters the membrane structures involved in ion transport into cells, thus decreasing the radiolabelling of BC with (99m)Tc. The data showed significant (P<0.05) alteration of ATI in BC from blood incubated with guava extract.

Scintigraphic evaluation of osteoblastic activity in extraction sockets treated with platelet-rich fibrin.

PubMed

Gürbüzer, Bahadir; Pikdöken, Levent; Tunali, Mustafa; Urhan, Muammer; Küçükodaci, Zafer; Ercan, Feriha

2010-05-01

To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the early bone healing process with bone scintigraphy based on technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake in third molar extraction sockets. Fourteen patients with bilaterally soft tissue impacted third mandibular molars were included in the study. The right and left impacted third molars were surgically extracted in the same session. PRF was randomly administered into one of the extraction sockets, whereas the contralateral sockets were left without treatment. Four weeks after surgery, scintigrams were obtained to evaluate scintigraphic differences between PRF-treated and non-PRF-treated sockets. After completion of the clinical study, PRF samples were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The average increase in technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake as an indication of enhanced bone healing did not differ significantly between PRF-treated and non-PRF-treated sockets 4 weeks postoperatively (P > .05). Abundant fibrin and inflammatory cells were observed by light microscopic examination of PRF samples. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of PRF revealed the existence of platelet aggregates in a fibrin network and crystalline particles on the outer surface of PRF. PRF might not lead to enhanced bone healing in soft tissue impacted mandibular third molar extraction sockets 4 weeks after surgery. PRF exhibits the potential characteristics of an autologous fibrin matrix. However, whether the presence of crystal-like particles on the outer surface of PRF alters bone healing should be investigated further. Copyright 2010 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Post-Transarterial Radioembolization (90)Y Microsphere Positron Emission Tomography Combined with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Images in Advanced Liver Malignancy: Comparison With (99m)Tc Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

PubMed

Rhee, Seunghong; Kim, Sungeun; Cho, Jaehyuk; Park, Jukyung; Eo, Jae Seon; Park, Soyeon; Lee, Eunsub; Kim, Yun Hwan; Choe, Jae-Gol

2016-03-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between pretreatment planning technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT images and posttreatment transarterial radioembolization (TARE) yttirum-90 ((90)Y) PET/CT images by comparing the ratios of tumor-to-normal liver counts. Fifty-two patients with advanced hepatic malignancy who underwent (90)Y microsphere radioembolization from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had undergone (99m)Tc MAA intraarterial injection SPECT for a pretreatment evaluation of microsphere distribution and therapy planning. After the administration of (90)Y microspheres, the patients underwent posttreatment (90)Y PET/CT within 24 h. For semiquantitative analysis, the tumor-to-normal uptake ratios in (90)Y PET/CT (TNR-yp) and (99m)Tc MAA SPECT (TNR-ms) as well as the tumor volumes measured in angiographic CT were obtained and analyzed. The relationship of TNR-yp and TNR-ms was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation and Wilcoxon's matched pairs test. In a total of 79 lesions of 52 patients, the distribution of microspheres was well demonstrated in both the SPECT and PET/CT images. A good correlation was observed of between TNR-ms and TNR-yp (rho value = 0.648, p < 0.001). The TNR-yp (median 2.78, interquartile range 2.43) tend to show significantly higher values than TNR-ms (median 2.49, interquartile range of 1.55) (p = 0.012). The TNR-yp showed weak correlation with tumor volume (rho = 0.230, p = 0.041). The (99m)Tc MAA SPECT showed a good correlation with (90)Y PET/CT in TNR values, suggesting that (99m)Tc MAA can be used as an adequate pretreatment evaluation method. However, the (99m)Tc MAA SPECT image consistently shows lower TNR values compared to (90)Y PET/CT, which means the possibility of underestimation of tumorous uptake in the partition dosimetry model using (99m)Tc MAA SPECT. Considering that (99m)Tc MAA is the only clinically available surrogate marker for distribution of microsphere, we recommend measurement of tumorous uptake using (90)Y PET/CT should be included routinely in the posttherapeutic evaluation.

Streptozotocin (STZ) and schistosomiasis mansoni change the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical sodium (99m)Tc-pertechnetate in mice.

PubMed

Góes, Vanessa Coelho; Neves, Renata Heisler; Arnóbio, Adriano; Bernardo-Filho, Mario; Machado-Silva, José Roberto

2016-09-01

Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) is a radionuclide commonly used in nuclear medicine to obtain (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals, which can be used to evaluate either physiological processes or changes related to diseases. It is also used in some experimental studies. Streptozotocin (STZ) administration to rodents causes lesions in very early stages and induces severe and permanent diabetes. Most morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni is attributed to a granulomatous inflammatory response and associated liver fibrosis. This study was designed to investigate whether STZ administration and schistosomiasis modify the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium (99m)Tc-pertechnetate. Adult female mice were infected by exposure to 100Schistosoma mansoni cercariae (BH strain, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) and euthanized after nine weeks. STZ was administered by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100mg/kg body weight, 3 or 15days before euthanasia. Each animal received 100μl of sodium (Na) (99m)Tc-pertechnetate ((99m)TcO4(-)) (740kBq). The animals were divided into four groups: A, uninfected; B, infected; C, uninfected + STZ; and D, infected + STZ. Blood, brain, thyroid, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys were removed. The radioactivity was counted and the percentage of the injected dose of Na(99m)TcO4 per gram of the organ (% ID/g) was determined. Three days after the STZ injection, there was a decrease of Na(99m)TcO4 uptake by the liver, lungs, pancreas and kidneys (p<0.05) in group D when compared with group A. After 15days, the decrease of Na(99m)TcO4 uptake occurred also in the brain, thyroid, heart, spleen and blood (p<0.05) in group D. We demonstrated modifications on the biodistribution of Na(99m)TcO4 due to STZ administration and schistosomiasis, possibly due to physiological alterations in some organs. The biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical Na(99m)TcO4 should be carefully evaluated in subjects with diabetes and/or schistosomiasis infection. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A solvent-extraction module for cyclotron production of high-purity technetium-99m.

PubMed

Martini, Petra; Boschi, Alessandra; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Uccelli, Licia; Pasquali, Micòl; Duatti, Adriano; Pupillo, Gaia; Marengo, Mario; Loriggiola, Massimo; Esposito, Juan

2016-12-01

The design and fabrication of a fully-automated, remotely controlled module for the extraction and purification of technetium-99m (Tc-99m), produced by proton bombardment of enriched Mo-100 molybdenum metallic targets in a low-energy medical cyclotron, is here described. After dissolution of the irradiated solid target in hydrogen peroxide, Tc-99m was obtained under the chemical form of 99m TcO 4 - , in high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity, by solvent extraction with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The extraction process was accomplished inside a glass column-shaped vial especially designed to allow for an easy automation of the whole procedure. Recovery yields were always >90% of the loaded activity. The final pertechnetate saline solution Na 99m TcO 4 , purified using the automated module here described, is within the Pharmacopoeia quality control parameters and is therefore a valid alternative to generator-produced 99m Tc. The resulting automated module is cost-effective and easily replicable for in-house production of high-purity Tc-99m by cyclotrons. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of intestinal obstruction by radionuclide scan: case report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chaudhuri, T.K.

1976-11-01

The value of /sup 99m/Technetium-pertechnetate abdomen scan has recently been established in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum, intussusception, and inflamed appendix. The purpose of this paper is to report a case with small intestinal obstruction secondary to fibrous adhesions which resulted from a previous surgery, in whom a /sup 99m/Technetium-pertechnetate abdomen scan showed increased radionuclide concentration in the area of dilated loop of bowel proximal to the site of obstruction.

Importance of methodology on (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphic image quality: imaging pilot study for RIVUR (Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux) multicenter investigation.

PubMed

Ziessman, Harvey A; Majd, Massoud

2009-07-01

We reviewed our experience with (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy obtained during an imaging pilot study for a multicenter investigation (Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux) of the effectiveness of daily antimicrobial prophylaxis for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection and renal scarring. We analyzed imaging methodology and its relation to diagnostic image quality. (99m)Technetium dimercapto-succinic acid imaging guidelines were provided to participating sites. High-resolution planar imaging with parallel hole or pinhole collimation was required. Two core reviewers evaluated all submitted images. Analysis included appropriate views, presence or lack of patient motion, adequate magnification, sufficient counts and diagnostic image quality. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated. We evaluated 70, (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid studies from 14 institutions. Variability was noted in methodology and image quality. Correlation (r value) between dose administered and patient age was 0.780. For parallel hole collimator imaging good correlation was noted between activity administered and counts (r = 0.800). For pinhole imaging the correlation was poor (r = 0.110). A total of 10 studies (17%) were rejected for quality issues of motion, kidney overlap, inadequate magnification, inadequate counts and poor quality images. The submitting institution was informed and provided with recommendations for improving quality, and resubmission of another study was required. Only 4 studies (6%) were judged differently by the 2 reviewers, and the differences were minor. Methodology and image quality for (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy varied more than expected between institutions. The most common reason for poor image quality was inadequate count acquisition with insufficient attention to the tradeoff between administered dose, length of image acquisition, start time of imaging and resulting image quality. Inter-observer core reader agreement was high. The pilot study ensured good diagnostic quality standardized images for the Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux investigation.

Stress reactions involving the pars interarticularis in young athletes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jackson, D.W.; Wiltse, L.L.; Dingeman, R.D.

A stress reaction involving the pars interarticularis of the lumbar spine was confirmed in seven young athletes with a positive technetium pyrophosphate bone scan. No pars defects were detectable on their lumbosacral roentgenograms, which included oblique views. The return to normal levels of radioactive uptake on repeat bone scans correlated closely with their clinical course. If the bony reaction is recognized early, it may heal at a subroentgenographic level and prevent the development of lumbar spondylolysis. These early lesions usually show unilateral increased uptake at one lumbar level on the bone scan and, initially, the athlete localizes the pain tomore » the corresponding unilateral lumbar paraspinous area. The ''one-legged hyperextension test'' is positive on the ipsilateral side and aggravates the pain. Treatment consists of avoiding the aggravating activities and resting. The average time for return to pain-free competition was 7.3 months. These developing defects may be the source of considerable prolonged disability in the young athlete, particularly if undiagnosed and untreated.« less

Transient thyrotoxicosis from thyroiditis induced by sibutramine overdose: a case report.

PubMed

Kim, S K; Lee, S M; Yoo, S S; Hahm, J R; Jung, J H; Kim, H S; Kim, S; Chung, S I; Jung, T S

2013-08-01

Sibutramine is an antiobesity drug that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenalin in the hypothalamus. A 37-year-old Korean man presented to the emergency room for the oral intake of 280 mg of sibutramine. The patient was in thyrotoxic state. The (99m)Technetium-pertechnetate thyroid scan showed irregular uptake of radioisotope and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody and thyroperoxidase antibody were negative. Thyroid function normalized after that. The patient had transient thyrotoxicosis with thyroiditis. We report a case of thyrotoxicosis accompanied by thyroiditis resulting from the intentional overdose of sibutramine.

Guava extract (Psidium guajava) alters the labelling of blood constituents with technetium-99m*

PubMed Central

Abreu, P.R.C.; Almeida, M.C.; Bernardo, R.M.; Bernardo, L.C.; Brito, L.C.; Garcia, E.A.C.; Fonseca, A.S.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

2006-01-01

Psidium guajava (guava) leaf is a phytotherapic used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances and is used as anti-inflammatory medicine. In nuclear medicine, blood constituents (BC) are labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) and used to image procedures. However, data have demonstrated that synthetic or natural drugs could modify the labelling of BC with 99mTc. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of guava leaves on the labelling of BC with 99mTc. Blood samples of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of guava extract and labelled with 99mTc after the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI) in BC was determined. The results suggest that aqueous guava extract could present antioxidant action and/or alters the membrane structures involved in ion transport into cells, thus decreasing the radiolabelling of BC with 99mTc. The data showed significant (P<0.05) alteration of ATI in BC from blood incubated with guava extract. PMID:16691636

Radiolabeling of VEGF165 with 99mTc to evaluate VEGFR expression in tumor angiogenesis.

PubMed

Galli, Filippo; Artico, Marco; Taurone, Samanta; Manni, Isabella; Bianchi, Enrica; Piaggio, Giulia; Weintraub, Bruce D; Szkudlinski, Mariusz W; Agostinelli, Enzo; Dierckx, Rudi A J O; Signore, Alberto

2017-06-01

Angiogenesis is the main process responsible for tumor growth and metastatization. The principal effector of such mechanism is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by cancer cells and other components of tumor microenvironment. Radiolabeled VEGF analogues may provide a useful tool to noninvasively image tumor lesions and evaluate the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs that block the VEGFR pathway. Aim of the present study was to radiolabel the human VEGF165 analogue with 99mTechnetium (99mTc) and to evaluate the expression of VEGFR in both cancer and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. 99mTc-VEGF showed in vitro binding to HUVEC cells and in vivo to xenograft tumors in mice (ARO, K1 and HT29). By comparing in vivo data with immunohistochemical analysis of excised tumors we found an inverse correlation between 99mTc-VEGF165 uptake and VEGF histologically detected, but a positive correlation with VEGF receptor expression (VEGFR1). Results of our studies indicate that endogenous VEGF production by cancer cells and other cells of tumor microenvironment should be taken in consideration when performing scintigraphy with radiolabeled VEGF, because of possible false negative results due to saturation of VEGFRs.

Myocardial uptake and kinetic properties of technetium-99m-Q3 in dogs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gerson, M.C.; Millard, R.W.; McGoron, A.J.

1994-10-01

We postulated that {sup 99m}Tc-Q3, a cationic imaging agent, produces myocardial activity related to myocardial blood flow during myocardial ischemia and pharmacologic coronary artery vasodilation, and shows little or no myocardial redistribution over 4 hr after intravenous injection. In six Group 1 dogs, the chest was opened, the left circumflex coronary artery was acutely ligated, and dipyridamole (0.32, 0.56 or 0.84 mg/kg) was infused into the right atrium, followed by 10 mCi of {sup 99m}Tc-Q3. Myocardial blood flow was measured by radiolabeled microspheres. The animals were euthanized and 357 myocardial samples were assayed in a well counter for {sup 99m}Tcmore » activity. One week later, radiolabeled microsphere activity was counted and myocardial blood flow calculated. In nine Group 2 dogs, a variable occluder was placed around the left circumflex coronary artery and an ischemic level of circumflex blood flow was maintained constant over 4 hr as measured by an ultrasonic flow meter. Dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) was then infused into the right atrium followed by 10mCi of {sup 99m}Tc-Q3. Gamma camera images were acquired at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following k{sup 99m}Tc-Q3 injection. Microsphere blood flow and endocardial biopsies (n - 6 dogs) were performed at 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following {sup 99m}TcQ3 injection. 31 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.« less

Symptomatic cardiac amyloidosis in an American family

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ruder, M.A.; Alpert, M.A.; Sanfelippo, J.F.

1984-07-01

This report describes an American family with a high incidence of symptomatic cardiac amyloidosis among four siblings, and explores the role of echocardiography and technetium pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy in the detection of this infiltrative cardiomyopathy within the involved family.

Positive predictive value of cholescintigraphy in common bile duct obstruction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lecklitner, M.L.; Austin, A.R.; Benedetto, A.R.

1986-09-01

Technetium-99m DISIDA imaging was employed in 400 patients to differentiate obstruction of the common bile duct from medical and other surgical causes of hyperbilirubinemia. Sequential anterior images demonstrated variable degrees of liver uptake, yet there was no evidence of intrabiliary or extrabiliary radioactivity for at least 4 hr after injection in 25 patients. Twenty-three patients were surgically documented to have complete obstruction of the common bile duct. One patient had hepatitis, and another had sickle cell crisis without bile duct obstruction. The remaining patients had either partial or no obstruction of the common bile duct. We conclude that the presencemore » of liver uptake without evident biliary excretion by 4 hr on cholescintigraphy is highly sensitive and predictive of total obstruction of the common bile duct.« less

Detection of urinary extravasation by delayed technetium-99m DTPA renal imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taki, J.; Tonami, N.; Aburano, T.

Delayed imaging with Tc-99m DTPA renal scintigraphy demonstrated urinary extravasation in a patient with acute anuria in whom early sequential imaging showed no abnormal extrarenal radionuclide accumulation.

Enterogastroesophageal reflux detected on 99m-technetium sestamibi cardiac imaging as a cause of chest pain

PubMed Central

Erdoğan, Zeynep; Silov, Güler; Özdal, Ayşegül; Turhal, Özgül

2013-01-01

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m MIBI) is considered a diagnostic technique that is widely used for the investigation of suspected coronary artery disease. Incidental inspection of an extracardiac activity is indirect, but important marker, which can identify a potentially treatable non-coronary cause for chest pain that may mimic cardiac symptoms. Here, we present an illustrative case in which significant enterogastroesophageal reflux of Tc-99m MIBI occurred during the cardiac imaging following prompt hepatobiliary clearance. Because, there was normal myocardial perfusion on MPI, presence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on GER scintigraphy and detection of mild inflammation with pathologically confirmed hyperplastic polyp by endoscopy, in view of the above findings we concluded that the probable cause of chest pain was reflux. PMID:24019679

Hyperthermia increases accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes in feline sarcomas.

PubMed

Matteucci, M L; Anyarambhatla, G; Rosner, G; Azuma, C; Fisher, P E; Dewhirst, M W; Needham, D; Thrall, D E

2000-09-01

The effect of hyperthermia on the accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes was studied in feline sarcomas. Each cat received two separate injections of liposomes. The first was used to quantify the amount of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes within the tumor under normothermic conditions. The second injection was made at the beginning of a 60-min hyperthermia procedure. Planar scintigraphy was used to measure the activity of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes within the tumor at predetermined times up to 18 h after injection. Regions of interest were drawn for the tumor, lungs, liver, kidney, and aorta. Counts in the regions of interest were decay corrected. Counts/pixel in the tumor under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions were normalized to aorta counts/pixel. A total of 16 cats were eligible for the study. In two of the 16 cats, incomplete count data precluded analysis. In the remaining 14 cats, hyperthermia resulted in a significant increase in liposome accumulation in the tumor (P = 0.001). Tumor volume ranged from 1.2 to 236.2 cm3, and thermal dose ranged from 2.0 to 243.3 CEM43CT90 (equivalent time that the 10th percentile temperature was equal to 43 degrees C). There was not a relationship between either tumor volume or hyperthermia dose on the magnitude of increased liposome accumulation, suggesting that this method has application across a range of tumor volumes and degrees of heatibility.

Radioactive excretion in human milk following administration of /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated albumin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pittard, W.B.; Merkatz, R.; Fletcher, B.D.

Albumin-tagged sodium pertechnetate (technetium) is routinely used in nuclear medicine for scanning procedures of the lung. The rate of excretion of this radionuclide into breast milk and the resultant potential radiation hazard to the nursing infant have received little attention. Therefore the milk from a nursing mother who required a lung scan because of suspected pulmonary emboli using an intravenous injection of 4 mCi of /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated human serum albumin was monitored. Albumin tagging severely limited the entrance of technetium into her milk and the radioactivity of the milk returned to base line by 24 hours. A total ofmore » 2.02 muCi of technetium was measured in the 24-hour milk collection after technetium injection and 94% of this amount was excreted by 15.5 hours. This amount of technetium administered orally to a newborn would deliver a total body radiation dose of .3 mrad. Therefore, an infant would receive trivial doses of radiation if breast-feeding were resumed 15.5 hours after administration of the radionuclide to the mother and nursing can clearly be resumed safely 24 hours after injection.« less

The use of technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid single-photon emission CT scan in the follow-up of type II endoleak treatment.

PubMed

Nakai, Motoki; Sato, Hirotatsu; Ikoma, Akira; Sonomura, Tetsuo; Sato, Morio

2014-03-01

An 84-year-old woman presented with persistent type II endoleak with sac expansion from 57 mm to 75 mm during 4-year follow-up after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The patient underwent transabdominal embolization with coils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate/ethiodized oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet, Villepinte, France) mixture (2.5 mL). Because of the anticipated embolization artifacts on follow-up computed tomography (CT), technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid single-photon emission computed tomography ((99m)Tc-HSAD SPECT) was performed before and after the intervention. Perigraft accumulation on (99m)Tc-HSAD SPECT corresponding to the endoleak disappeared after embolization. CT scan performed 12 months after embolization showed no signs of sac expansion. (99m)Tc-HSAD SPECT may be useful for evaluating therapeutic effect after embolization for endoleak. Copyright © 2014 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced washout of 99mTc-tetrofosmin in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: quantitative comparisons with regional 123I-BMIPP uptake and wall thickness determined by MRI.

PubMed

Thet-Thet-Lwin; Takeda, Tohoru; Wu, Jin; Fumikura, Yuko; Iida, Keiji; Kawano, Satoru; Yamaguchi, Iwao; Itai, Yuji

2003-07-01

The diagnostic value of technetium-99m tetrofosmin (TF) washout in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was examined by investigating its relation to the metabolic abnormality depicted by iodine-123 beta-methyl- p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) uptake and the left ventricular (LV) myocardial wall thickness as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TF washout was evaluated in 31 patients with HCM and 23 normal control subjects using 30-min (early) and 3-h (delayed) TF single-photon emission tomography images. The LV myocardial wall was divided into 19 segments and the percentage TF washout, regional BMIPP uptake and LV wall thickness were measured in each segment. Mean TF washout in the patients with HCM was significantly faster than that in normal control subjects (23.7+/-5.7 vs 13.4+/-4.1, P<0.0001). In the patients with HCM, TF washout showed an excellent correlation with MRI wall thickness ( r=0.82, P<0.0001) and a good inverse correlation with regional BMIPP uptake ( r=-0.72, P<0.0001). In addition, a good linear correlation was observed between TF uptake and MRI wall thickness in the 19 regional segments. In conclusion, the degree of TF washout corresponds well with the severity of myocardial wall thickness and the degree of metabolic abnormality in patients with HCM. These results suggest that enhanced TF washout might provide additional clinical information regarding metabolic alterations in HCM.

Design and characterization of α-melanotropin peptide analogs cyclized through rhenium and technetium metal coordination

PubMed Central

Giblin, Michael F.; Wang, Nannan; Hoffman, Timothy J.; Jurisson, Silvia S.; Quinn, Thomas P.

1998-01-01

α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogs, cyclized through site-specific rhenium (Re) and technetium (Tc) metal coordination, were structurally characterized and analyzed for their abilities to bind α-MSH receptors present on melanoma cells and in tumor-bearing mice. Results from receptor-binding assays conducted with B16 F1 murine melanoma cells indicated that receptor-binding affinity was reduced to approximately 1% of its original levels after Re incorporation into the cyclic Cys4,10, d-Phe7–α-MSH4-13 analog. Structural analysis of the Re–peptide complex showed that the disulfide bond of the original peptide was replaced by thiolate–metal–thiolate cyclization. A comparison of the metal-bound and metal-free structures indicated that metal complexation dramatically altered the structure of the receptor-binding core sequence. Redesign of the metal binding site resulted in a second-generation Re–peptide complex (ReCCMSH) that displayed a receptor-binding affinity of 2.9 nM, 25-fold higher than the initial Re–α-MSH analog. Characterization of the second-generation Re–peptide complex indicated that the peptide was still cyclized through Re coordination, but the structure of the receptor-binding sequence was no longer constrained. The corresponding 99mTc- and 188ReCCMSH complexes were synthesized and shown to be stable in phosphate-buffered saline and to challenges from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and free cysteine. In vivo, the 99mTcCCMSH complex exhibited significant tumor uptake and retention and was effective in imaging melanoma in a murine-tumor model system. Cyclization of α-MSH analogs via 99mTc and 188Re yields chemically stable and biologically active molecules with potential melanoma-imaging and therapeutic properties. PMID:9788997

Measurement of technetium-99 in Marshall Islands soil samples by ICP-MS

PubMed

Tagami; Uchida; Hamilton; Robison

2000-07-01

Extraction techniques for recovery of technetium-99 (99Tc) for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements were evaluated using soil samples collected from the Marshall Islands. The results of three different extraction techniques were compared: (MI) acid leaching of Tc from ashed soil; (M2) acid leaching of Tc from raw dry soil; and (M3) Tc volatilization from ashed soil using a combustion apparatus. Total Tc recoveries varied considerably between the extraction techniques but each method yielded similar analytical results for 99Tc. Applications of these extraction techniques to a series of environmental samples and ICP-MS measurements have yielded first data on the 99Tc content of Marshall Islands soil samples contaminated with close-in radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing. The 99Tc activity concentration in the soil samples ranged between 0.1 and 1.1 mBq g(-1) dry weight (dw). The limit of detection for 99Tc by ICP-MS was 0.17 mBq per sample or 0.014 mBq g(-1) dw under standard operating conditions.

Evaluation of technetium-99m decay on Escherichia coli inactivation: effects of physical or chemical agents.

PubMed Central

Silva, C. R.; Valsa, J. O.; Caniné, M. S.; Caldeira-de-Araújo, A.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

1998-01-01

Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used in nuclear medicine and in biomedical research to label molecular and cellular structures employed as radiotracers. Here, we have evaluated, on a DNA repair proficient Escherichia coli strain, the 99mTc decay inactivation and the influence of the (i) pre-treatment with metal ion chelators or of the (ii) treatment with a free radical scavenger on the protection of the cells against the lethal effect of the 99mTc. As SnCl2 is frequently used as a reducing agent in the 99mTc-labeling process, we have also studied the capability of SnCl2 to alter the biological effects induced by the 99mTc decay. As we are exposed to either chemical or physical agents in the nature, we have decided to study a possible influence of the ultraviolet solar radiation in the biological phenomena induced by the 99mTc decay. Our data point out (i) a very important role of the Auger and/or conversion electrons in the cytotoxicity induced by the 99mTc decay; (ii) SnCl2, the metal ion chelators and the free radical scavenger protect the cells against the lethal effect of the 99mTc; and (iii) near-UV does not alter the lethal effect of the 99mTc decay. PMID:9713950

Behavior of technetium-99 in soils and plants. Final report, April 1, 1974--December 31, 1978

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gast, R.G.; Landa, E.R.; Thorvig, L.J.

Studies described in this report were aimed at establishing the magnitude and mechanisms of /sup 99/Tc sorption by soils and uptake by plants. Results show that /sup 99/Tc was sorbed from solution over a period to two to five weeks by 8 of 11 soils studies. The slow rate of sorption, the lack of sorption by low organic matter soils, the elimination of sorption following sterilization and increased sorption following addition of dextrose all point to a microbial role in the sorption process. However, it has not been established whether this is a direct or indirect role nor is itmore » possible to clearly predict the conditions under which sorption will occur. Results of plant uptake studies show that /sup 99/Tc can be taken up and translocated into the photosynthetic tissue of higher plants with concentrations in seeds being much less than in vegetative tissue. Technetium-99 was also shown to be toxic to plants at low concentrations and evidence suggests that this is a chemically rather than radiologically induced toxicity. However, this remains to be completely resolved as well as whether there is a threshold level of /sup 99/Tc required before toxicity occurs. Studies of short-term, dynamic, aerobic systems indicated that /sup 99/Tc moves through the soil as a relatively large anion exhibiting characteristic miscible displacement with some asymmetric tailing. /sup 99/Tc exhibits greater retention that C1/sup -/, which may be attributed statistically to weak complexion by organic matter. It is unlikely that this retention phenomenon is related to the static sorption activity reported in the first part of this study.« less

The value and throughput of rest Thallium-201/stress Technetium -99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial SPECT.

PubMed

Okudan, Berna; Smitherman, Thomas C

2004-06-01

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is an established method in cardiology for the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thallium-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging has been widely accepted as non-invasive diagnostic procedure for detection of CAD, risk stratification and myocardial viability assessment. But, standard Tl-201 redistribution and same day or 2-day rest/stress Tc-99m sestamibi protocols are time-consuming. Hence, the dual isotope rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi gated single-photon emission tomography protocol has gained increasing popularity for these applications. Combining the use of thallium-201 with technetium-99m agents permits optimal image resolution and simultaneous assessment of viability. Dual-isotope imaging may be separate or simultaneous acquisition set-up. The more rapid completion of these studies is appreciated as an advantage by patients, technologists, interpreting and referring physicians, nurses and hospital management. Simultaneous imaging has the potential advantages of precise pixel registration and artifacts, if present, are identical in both thallium and sestamibi, and require only one set of imaging. Also, there are some disadvantages of spillover of activity from the Tc-99m to the Tl-201 window. Fortunately, despite this problem it can be overcome. Separate acquisition dual isotope also has some disadvantages. Difference in defect resolution in attenuation and scatter between T-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi potentially results in interpretation problems. But, studies about cost-effectiveness of dual isotope imaging showed that some selective elimination of the rest studies may decrease the cost of the nuclear procedures and should be considered in the current care health system.

Technetium-99m NGA functional hepatic imaging: preliminary clinical experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stadalnik, R.C.; Vera, D.R.; Woodle, E.S.

1985-11-01

Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin ( (Tc)NGA) is a radiolabeled ligand to hepatic binding protein, a receptor which resides at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. This receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical and its kinetic model provide a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver function. Eighteen patients were studied: seven with hepatoma, eight with liver metastases, four with cirrhosis, and one patient with acute fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. Technetium-99m NGA liver imaging provided anatomic information of diagnostic quality comparable to that obtained with other routine imaging modalities, including computed tomography, angiography, ultrasound, and (Tc)sulfur colloid scintigraphy. Kinetic modeling of dynamic (Tc)NGA data produced estimates of standardizedmore » hepatic blood flow, Q (hepatic blood flow divided by total blood volume), and hepatic binding protein concentration, (HBP). Significant rank correlation was obtained between (HBP) estimates and CTC scores. This correlation supports the hypothesis that (HBP) is a measure of functional hepatocyte mass. The combination of decreased Q and markedly reduced (HBP) may have prognostic significance; all three patients with this combination died of hepatic failure within 6 wk of imaging.« less

Biomarkers for radiation pneumonitis using non-invasive molecular imaging

PubMed Central

Medhora, Meetha; Haworth, Steven; Liu, Yu; Narayanan, Jayashree; Gao, Feng; Zhao, Ming; Audi, Said; Jacobs, Elizabeth R.; Fish, Brian L.; Clough, Anne V.

2016-01-01

Rationale Our goal is to develop minimally-invasive biomarkers for predicting radiation-induced lung injury before symptoms develop. Currently there are no biomarkers that can predict radiation pneumonitis. Radiation damage to the whole lung is a serious risk in nuclear accidents or in case of radiological terrorism. Our previous studies have shown a single dose of 15 Gy X-rays to the thorax causes severe pneumonitis in rats by 6–8 weeks. We have also developed a mitigator for radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis that can be started as late as 5 weeks after radiation. Methods We used two functional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probes in vivo in irradiated rat lungs. Regional pulmonary perfusion was measured by injection of technetium labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA). Perfused volume was determined by comparing the volume of distribution of 99mTc-MAA to the anatomical lung volume obtained by micro-CT. A second probe, technetium labeled duramycin that binds to apoptotic cells, was used to measure pulmonary cell death in the same rat model. Results Perfused volume of lung was decreased by ~25% at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after 15 Gy and 99mTc-duramycin uptake was more than doubled at 2 and 3 weeks. There was no change in body weight, breathing rate or lung histology between irradiated and non-irradiated rats at these times. Pulmonary vascular resistance and vascular permeability measured in isolated perfused lungs ex vivo increased at 2 weeks after 15 Gy. Principal conclusions Our results suggest the potential for SPECT biomarkers for predicting radiation injury to the lungs before substantial functional or histological damage is observed. Early prediction of radiation pneumonitis will benefit those receiving radiation in the context of therapy, accidents or terrorism in time to initiate mitigation. PMID:27033892

Preparation and Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled Tridentate Chelates for Pre-targeting Using Bioorthogonal Chemistry.

PubMed

Bilton, Holly A; Ahmad, Zainab; Janzen, Nancy; Czorny, Shannon; Valliant, John F

2017-02-04

Pre-targeting combined with bioorthogonal chemistry is emerging as an effective way to create new radiopharmaceuticals. Of the methods available, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition between a radiolabeled tetrazines and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) linked to a biomolecule has proven to be a highly effective bioorthogonal approach to imaging specific biological targets. Despite the fact that technetium-99m remains the most widely used isotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing 99m Tc-labeled tetrazines. Herein we report the preparation of a family of tridentate-chelate-tetrazine derivatives and their Tc(I) complexes. These hitherto unknown compounds were radiolabeled with 99m Tc using a microwave-assisted method in 31% to 83% radiochemical yield. The products are stable in saline and PBS and react rapidly with TCO derivatives in vitro. Their in vivo pre-targeting abilities were demonstrated using a TCO-bisphosphonate (TCO-BP) derivative that localizes to regions of active bone metabolism or injury. In murine studies, the 99m Tc-tetrazines showed high activity concentrations in knees and shoulder joints, which was not observed when experiments were performed in the absence of TCO-BP. The overall uptake in non-target organs and pharmacokinetics varied greatly depending on the nature of the linker and polarity of the chelate.

Effects of calcium on hepatocyte iron uptake from transferrin, iron-pyrophosphate and iron-ascorbate.

PubMed

Nilsen, T

1991-10-16

Calcium stimulates hepatocyte iron uptake from transferrin, ferric-iron-pyrophosphate and ferrous-iron-ascorbate. Maximal stimulation of iron uptake is observed at 1-1.5 mM of extra-cellular calcium and the effect is reversible and immediate. Neither the receptor affinity for transferrin, nor the total amounts of transferrin associated with the cells or the rate of transferrin endocytosis are significantly affected by calcium. In the presence of calcium the rate of iron uptake of non-transferrin bound iron increases abruptly at approximate 17 degrees C and 27 degrees C and as assessed by Arrhenius plots, the activation energy is reduced in a calcium dependent manner at approx. 27 degrees C. At a similar temperature, i.e., between 25 degrees C and 28 degrees C, calcium increases the rates of cellular iron uptake from transferrin in a way that is not reflected in the rate of transferrin endocytosis. By the results of this study it is concluded that calcium increases iron transport across the plasma membrane by a mechanism dependent on membrane fluidity.

Measurement of translymphatic fluid absorption using technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

PubMed

Terawaki, Hiroyuki; Nakayama, Masaaki; Seto, Kazuhiko; Yoshimura, Kazunobu; Hasegawa, Toshio

2004-08-01

We have established a new method of measuring translymphatic fluid absorption (TLA) using technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-HSAD) that can be used commonly in clinical practice. This new method was applied in 13 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (11 males and two females) who had various peritoneal permeability and capacities for peritoneal transport of water. (99m)Tc-HSAD 740MBq was injected in 2 L of peritoneal dialysis fluid with 2.5% glucose, mixed well, and administered intraperitoneally. The fluid was drained extraperitoneally after 4 h and TLA was determined by the in vivo loss of (99m)Tc-HSAD. TLA was 1.41 +/- 1.11 mL/min (mean +/- SD; range, 0.27-3.69 mL/min). The estimated reduction rate by TLA in trans-peritoneally removed fluid ranged from 14.2 to 84.4%, indicating that TLA could have an extremely significant negative effect in some cases on total drainage volume. The present study, using new tracer (99m)Tc-HSAD, could confirm a large individual difference in TLA, indicating TLA as an important contributing factor for fluid-removal failure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

Late manifestation of subclinical hyperthyroidism after goitrogenesis in an index patient with a N670S TSH receptor germline mutation masquerading as TSH receptor antibody negative Graves' disease.

PubMed

Schaarschmidt, J; Paschke, S; Özerden, M; Jäschke, H; Huth, S; Eszlinger, M; Meller, J; Paschke, R

2012-12-01

In 27 families with familial non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism (FNAH) reported up to date, the onset of hyperthyroidism varies from 18 months to 60 years. Also the manifestation of goitres is variable in these families. A 74-year-old woman first presented at the age of 69 years with tachyarrhythmia and hypertension. After initial treatment of her hypertension and oral anticoagulation for her intermittent atrial fibrillation, a thyroid workup revealed a suppressed TSH and normal fT3 and fT4. TPO, TSH receptor (TSHR), and thyroglobulin antibodies were negative. Thyroid ultrasound revealed a thyroid volume of 102 ml with several nodules with diameters of up to 2.6 cm right and up to 1.8 cm left. Scintigraphy showed a homogeneous Technetium-99 m ((99 m)Tc) uptake of 1.27%. She was subsequently treated with 1 GBq radioiodine ((131)I). At the age of 74, her thyroid function was normal and her thyroid volume decreased to 90 ml. Because of the diffuse (99 m)Tc uptake and the negative TPO, TSHR, and thyroglobulin antibodies, genetic analysis of her TSHR gene was performed, in spite of her negative family history for hyperthyroidism. Sequencing revealed a N670S TSHR germline mutation. Previous in vitro characterisation of this TSHR mutation suggests a weak constitutive activity, yet the experimental data are ambiguous. This case illustrates the necessity to analyse patients with hyperthyroidism accompanied by diffuse (99 m)Tc uptake and negative TPO, TSHR, and thyroglobulin antibodies for TSHR germline mutations. Moreover, it demonstrates that TSHR germline mutations may first lead to longstanding nodular goitrogenesis before the late manifestation of subclinical hyperthyroidism. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Technetium-99m-HMPAO labeled leukocyte single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) for assessing Crohn's disease extent and intestinal infiltration.

PubMed

Biancone, L; Schillaci, O; Capoccetti, F; Bozzi, R M; Fina, D; Petruzziello, C; Geremia, A; Simonetti, G; Pallone, F

2005-02-01

Scintigraphy using radiolabeled leukocytes is a useful technique for assessing intestinal infiltration in Crohn's disease (CD). However, limits of planar images include overlapping activity in other organs and low specificity. To investigate the usefulness of (99m)Tc-HMPAO (hexametyl propylene amine oxime) labeled leukocyte single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) for assessing CD lesions, in comparison with planar images. Twenty-two inflammatory bowel disease patients (19 CD; 2 ulcerative colitis, UC; 1 ileal pouch) assessed by conventional endoscopy or radiology were enrolled. Leukocytes were labeled with (99m)Tc-HMPAO. SPECT images were acquired at 2 h and planar images at 30 min and 2 h. Bowel uptake was quantitated in nine regions (score 0-3). Both SPECT and planar images detected a negative scintigraphy (score 0) in the UC patient with no pouchitis and a positive scintigraphy (score 1-3) in the 21 patients showing active inflammation by conventional techniques. SPECT showed a higher global score than planar images (0.71 +/- 0.09 vs 0.30 +/- 0.05; p < 0.001), and in particular in the right iliac fossa (p= 0.003), right and left flank (p < 0.001; p= 0.02), hypogastrium (p= 0.002), and mesogastrium (p < 0.001). SPECT provided a better visualization and a higher uptake than planar images in patients with ileal and ileocolonic CD (6.45 +/- 0.82 vs 2.8 +/- 0.55, p < 0.001; 5.5 +/- 1.6 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7, p= 0.03), and with perianal CD (6.6 +/- 1.6 vs 3.4 +/- 1.2; p= 0.03). (99m)Tc-HMPAO labeled leukocyte SPECT provides a more detailed visualization of CD lesions than planar images. This technique may better discriminate between intestinal and bone marrow uptake, thus being useful for assessing CD lesions within the pelvis, including perianal disease.

Investigation of SP94 Peptide as a Specific Probe for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Imaging and Therapy

PubMed Central

Li, Yanli; Hu, Yan; Xiao, Jie; Liu, Guobing; Li, Xiao; Zhao, Yanzhao; Tan, Hui; Shi, Hongcheng; Cheng, Dengfeng

2016-01-01

SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPL), a novel peptide, has shown specific binding to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to investigate the capability of SP94 as a targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy following labeling with technetium-99m (99mTc) and rhenium-188 (188Re). HYNIC-SP94 was prepared by solid phase synthesis and then labeled with 99mTc. Cell competitive binding, internalization assay, in vitro and in vivo stability, biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography /computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies were performed to investigate the capability of 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 as a specific HCC imaging probe. Initial promising targeting results inspired evaluation of its therapeutic effect when labeled by 188Re. HYNIC-SP94 was then labeled again with 188Re to perform cell apoptosis, microSPECT/CT imaging evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Huh-7 cells exhibited typical apoptotic changes after 188Re irradiation. According to 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 microSPECT/CT imaging, tumor uptake was significantly decreased compared with that of pre-treatment with 188Re-HYNIC-SP94. The immunohistochemistry also displayed obvious necrosis and apoptosis as well as inhibition of proliferation in the 188Re-HYNIC-SP94 treatment group. The results supported that 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 is able to target HCC cells and 188Re-HYNIC- SP94 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for HCC, making 99mTc/188Re-HYNIC-SP94 a promising targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy. PMID:27649935

Intraoperative Injection of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience.

PubMed

Berrocal, Julian; Saperstein, Lawrence; Grube, Baiba; Horowitz, Nina R; Chagpar, Anees B; Killelea, Brigid K; Lannin, Donald R

2017-01-01

Background . Most institutions require a patient undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy to go through nuclear medicine prior to surgery to be injected with radioisotope. This study describes the long-term results using intraoperative injection of radioisotope. Methods . Since late 2002, all patients undergoing a sentinel lymph node biopsy at the Yale-New Haven Breast Center underwent intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid. Endpoints included number of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes obtained and number of positive sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes. Results . At least one sentinel lymph node was obtained in 2,333 out of 2,338 cases of sentinel node biopsy for an identification rate of 99.8%. The median number of sentinel nodes found was 2 and the mean was 2.33 (range: 1-15). There were 512 cases (21.9%) in which a sentinel node was positive for metastatic carcinoma. Of the patients with a positive sentinel lymph node who underwent axillary dissection, there were 242 cases (54.2%) with no additional positive nonsentinel lymph nodes. Advantages of intraoperative injection included increased comfort for the patient and simplification of scheduling. There were no radiation related complications. Conclusion . Intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid is convenient, effective, safe, and comfortable for the patient.

Water-stable fac-{TcO₃}⁺ complexes - a new field of technetium chemistry.

PubMed

Braband, Henrik

2011-01-01

The development of technetium chemistry has been lagging behind that of its heavier congener rhenium, primarily because the inherent radioactivity of all Tc isotopes has limited the number of laboratories that can study the chemistry of this fascinating element. Although technetium is an artificial element, it is not rare. Significant amounts of the isotope (99)Tc are produced every day as a fission byproduct in nuclear power plants. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the chemistry of (99)Tc is essential to avoid its release into the environment. In this article the chemistry of technetium at its highest oxidation state (+VII) is reviewed with a special focus on recent developments which make water-stable complexes of the general type [TcO(3)(tacn-R)](+) (tacn-R = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane or derivatives) accessible. Complexes containing the fac-{TcO(3)}(+) core display a unique reactivity. In analogy to [OsO(4)] and [RuO(4)], complexes containing the fac-{TcO(3)}(+) core undergo with alkenes metal-mediated, vicinal cis-dihydroxylation reactions (alkene-glycol interconversion) in water via a (3+2)-cycloaddition reaction. Therefore, water-stable fac-{(99m)TcO(3)}(+) complexes pave the way for a new labeling strategy for radiopharmaceutical applications, based on (3+2)-cycloaddition reactions. This new concept for the labeling of biomolecules with small [(99m)TcO(3)(tacn-R)](+)-type complexes by way of a (3+2)-cycloaddition with alkenes is discussed in detail. The herein reported developments in high-valent technetium chemistry create a new field of research with this artificial element. This demonstrates the potential of fundamental research to provide new impetus of innovation for the development of new methods for radiopharmaceutical applications.

Discovery of rhenium and masurium (technetium) by Ida Noddack-Tacke and Walter Noddack. Forgotten heroes of nuclear medicine.

PubMed

Biersack, H-J; Stelzner, F; Knapp, F F

2015-01-01

The history of the early identification of elements and their designation to the Mendeleev Table of the Elements was an important chapter in German science in which Ida (1896-1978) and Walter (1893-1960) Noddack played an important role in the first identification of rhenium (element 75, 1925) and technetium (element 43, 1933). In 1934 Ida Noddack was also the first to predict fission of uranium into smaller atoms. Although the Noddacks did not for some time later receive the recognition for the first identification of technetium-99m, their efforts have appropriately more recently been recognized. The discoveries of these early pioneers are even more astounding in light of the limited technologies and resources which were available during this period. The Noddack discoveries of elements 43 and 75 are related to the subsequent use of rhenium-188 (beta/gamma emitter) and technetium-99m (gamma emitter) in nuclear medicine. In particular, the theranostic relationship between these two generator-derived radioisotopes has been demonstrated and offers new opportunities in the current era of personalized medicine.

TC-99 Decontaminant from heat treated gaseous diffusion membrane -Phase I, Part B

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oji, L.; Restivo, M.; Duignan, M.

2017-11-01

Uranium gaseous diffusion cascades represent a significant environmental challenge to dismantle, containerize and dispose as low-level radioactive waste. Baseline technologies rely on manual manipulations involving direct access to technetium-contaminated piping and materials. There is a potential to utilize novel decontamination technologies to remove the technetium and allow for on-site disposal of the very large uranium converters. Technetium entered these gaseous diffusion cascades as a hexafluoride complex in the same fashion as uranium. Technetium, as the isotope Tc-99, is an impurity that follows uranium in the first cycle of the Plutonium and Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. The technetium speciation or exactmore » form in the gaseous diffusion cascades is not well defined. Several forms of Tc-99 compounds, mostly the fluorinated technetium compounds with varying degrees of volatility have been speculated by the scientific community to be present in these cascades. Therefore, there may be a possibility of using thermal or leaching desorption, which is independent of the technetium oxidation states, to perform an insitu removal of the technetium as a volatile species and trap the radionuclide on sorbent traps which could be disposed as low-level waste. Based on the positive results of the first part of this work1 the use of steam as a thermal decontamination agent was further explored with a second piece of used barrier material from a different location. This new series of tests included exposing more of the material surface to the flow of high temperature steam through the change in the reactor design, subjecting it to alternating periods of stream and vacuum, as well as determining if a lower temperature steam, i.e., 121°C (250°F) would be effective, too. Along with these methods, one other simpler method involving the leaching of the Tc-99 contaminated barrier material with a 1.0 M aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate, with and without sonication, was evaluated.« less

Improvement of Cerebral Hypoperfusion with Levothyroxine Therapy in Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Demonstrated by 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT

PubMed Central

Schnedl, Wolfgang J.; Mirzaei, Siroos; Wallner-Liebmann, Sandra J.; Tafeit, Erwin; Mangge, Harald; Krause, Robert; Lipp, Rainer W.

2013-01-01

Background Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare immune-mediated encephalopathy associated with autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Objectives and Methods We report on a patient with HE and significant clinical improvement correlating with an increase in cerebral blood flow demonstrated by hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). HMPAO-SPECT was performed with 740 MBq of technetium-99m-HMPAO. To demonstrate the improvement in regional cerebral blood flow, individual regions of interest were drawn around visually diminished HMPAO uptake, the lesion to reference region ratio was calculated and transverse section images and semi-quantitative measurements were performed. Results We show a 5-year follow-up with significant clinical improvement, a 10-fold reduction in autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase and an approximately 20% improvement in cerebral blood flow with HMPAO-SPECT. Conclusion Adequate levothyroxine treatment achieving and maintaining euthyroidism should be considered as therapy to lower autoantibodies and improve clinical outcome in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and encephalopathy. PMID:24783049

Juvenile Gaucher disease simulating osteomyelitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, J.H.; Ortega, J.A.; Heisel, M.A.

1981-10-01

A case in which several imaging procedures suggested juvenile Gaucher disease in a child who presented with symptomatology of osteomyelitis is discussed. The 20-month girl was given a Technetium-99m radionuclide skeletal examination which revealed intense uptake of tracer agents along the shaft of the right femur. It was also found that the liver and spleen were dramatically Ga-67 avid. The bone pain symptomatology suggested an osteomyelitis of the femur, but skeletal scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled bone tracer demonstrated photopenic areas involving the femur, suggesting that the bone pain may have been due to marrow packed with Gaucher cells. This overexpansion ofmore » the marrow may lead to microfractures with remodeling seen radiographically as periosteal new bone and scintigraphically as increased periosteal deposition of tracer agent. The radiogallium study was useful to exclude an underlying osteomyelitis in the involved femurs. Although juvenile Gaucher disease is unusual, it should be considered in any child who presents with the constellation of hepatosplenomegaly and bone pain simulating osteomyelitis.« less

Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: impaired myocardial energy metabolism in regions with reduced 99mTc-MIBI accumulation.

PubMed

Moka, D; Baer, F M; Theissen, P; Schneider, C A; Dietlein, M; Erdmann, E; Schicha, H

2001-05-01

Reduced regional technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) accumulation in patients with chronic non-Q-wave infarction (NQWI) but without significant coronary artery stenosis indicates non-transmural damage of the myocardial wall. The aim of this study was to characterise cardiac energy metabolism after NQWI using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and to compare the biochemical remodelling with changes in regional 99mTc-MIBI uptake and with morphological and functional parameters assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fifteen patients with a history of NQWI, exclusion of significant coronary artery stenosis (<50% diameter stenosis) and hypokinesia of the anterior wall (group A) were examined with 31P-MRS to study the effects of NQWI on myocardial energy metabolism. Spectroscopic measurements were performed in the infarct-related myocardial region. Corresponding gradient-echo MR images and myocardial 99mTc-MIBI single-photon emission tomography images were acquired for exact localisation of the infarct region. All examinations were performed at rest under anti-ischaemic medication. Data were compared with those of patients in whom coronary artery disease had been excluded by angiography (group B, n=10). All patients of group A displayed anterior wall hypokinesia in the infarcted area on both ventriculography and MRI, with a reduced myocardial accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI (66.3%+/-11.8% vs 95.6%+/-2.2% in group B). The mean wall thickness during the complete cardiac cycle (9.5+/-1.8 mm vs 13.1+/-1.1 mm in group B, P<0.001), the systolic wall thickening (2.6+/-1.4 mm vs 5.8+/-1.5 mm in group B, P<0.01) and the phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio (1.12+/-0.22 vs 1.74+/-0.23 in group B, P<0.01) in the hypokinetic area were all significantly reduced. It is concluded that persisting hypokinetic myocardium after NQWI combined with reduced myocellular uptake of 99mTc-MIBI displays a reduced PCr/ATP ratio. Our results indicate that morphological remodelling after NQWI is accompanied by fundamental changes in cardiac energy metabolism.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Technetium-99m- and Rhenium-Labeled Inhibitors of the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)

PubMed Central

Banerjee, Sangeeta R.; Foss, Catherine A.; Castanares, Mark; Mease, Ronnie C.; Byun, Youngjoo; Fox, James J.; Hilton, John; Lupold, Shawn E.; Kozikowski, Alan P.; Pomper, Martin G.

2012-01-01

The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as a viable target for imaging and therapy of cancer. We prepared seven 99mTc/Re-labeled compounds by attaching known Tc/Re chelating agents to an amino-functionalized PSMA inhibitor (lys-NHCONH-glu) with or without a variable length linker moiety. Ki values ranged from 0.17 to 199 nM. Ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo imaging demonstrated the degree of specific binding to engineered PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumors. PC3-PIP cells are derived from PC3 that have been transduced with the gene for PSMA. Despite demonstrating nearly the lowest PSMA inhibitory potency of this series, [99mTc(CO)3(L1)]+ (L1 = (2-pyridylmethyl)2N(CH2)4CH(CO2H)-NHCO-(CH2)6CO-NH-lys-NHCONH-glu) showed the highest, most selective PIP tumor uptake, at 7.9 ± 4.0% injected dose per gram of tissue at 30 min postinjection. Radioactivity cleared from nontarget tissues to produce a PIP to flu (PSMA-PC3) ratio of 44:1 at 120 min postinjection. PSMA can accommodate the steric requirements of 99mTc/Re complexes within PSMA inhibitors, the best results achieved with a linker moiety between the ε amine of the urea lysine and the chelator. PMID:18637669

Assessment of the value of quantitative thyroid scintigraphy for determination of thyroid function in dogs.

PubMed

Shiel, R E; Pinilla, M; McAllister, H; Mooney, C T

2012-05-01

To assess the value of thyroid scintigraphy to determine thyroid status in dogs with hypothyroidism and various non-thyroidal illnesses. Thyroid hormone concentrations were measured and quantitative thyroid scintigraphy performed in 21 dogs with clinical and/or clinicopathological features consistent with hypothyroidism. In 14 dogs with technetium thyroidal uptake values consistent with euthyroidism, further investigations supported non-thyroidal illness. In five dogs with technetium thyroidal uptake values within the hypothyroid range, primary hypothyroidism was confirmed as the only disease in four. The remaining dog had pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Two dogs had technetium thyroidal uptake values in the non-diagnostic range. One dog had iodothyronine concentrations indicative of euthyroidism. In the other, a dog receiving glucocorticoid therapy, all iodothyronine concentrations were decreased. Markedly asymmetric technetium thyroidal uptake was present in two dogs. All iodothyronine concentrations were within reference interval but canine thyroid stimulating hormone concentration was elevated in one. Non-thyroidal illness was identified in both cases. In dogs, technetium thyroidal uptake is a useful test to determine thyroid function. However, values may be non-diagnostic, asymmetric uptake can occur and excess glucocorticoids may variably suppress technetium thyroidal uptake and/or thyroid hormone concentrations. Further studies are necessary to evaluate quantitative thyroid scintigraphy as a gold standard method for determining canine thyroid function. © 2012 British Small Animal Veterinary Association.

/sup 99m/Tc-fibrinogen scanning in adult respiratory distress syndrome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quinn, D.A.; Carvalho, A.C.; Geller, E.

1987-01-01

Fibrin is often seen occluding the lung vessels of patients dying from ARDS and is surrounded by regions of lung necrosis. To learn if we could observe increased or focal fibrin deposition and assess the kinetics of plasma fibrinogen turnover during severe acute respiratory failure, we injected technetium 99m-labeled human purified fibrinogen (Tc-HF) and used gamma camera scanning for as long as 12 h in 13 sequential patients as soon as possible after ICU admission. The fibrinogen uptake rates were determined by calculating the lung:heart radioactivity ratios at each time point. Slopes of the lung:heart ratio versus time were comparedmore » between ARDS and mild acute respiratory failure (ARF). The slope of the lung:heart Tc-HF ratio of the 9 patients with ARDS (2.9 +/- 0.4 units) was markedly higher (p less than 0.02) than the slope of the 4 patients with mild ARF (1.1 +/- 0.4) and the 3 patients studied 5 to 9 months after recovery from respiratory failure (0.7 +/- 0.07). In the 1 patient with ARDS and the 2 patients with mild ARF studied both during acute lung injury and after recovery, the lung:heart Tc-HF ratio had decreased at recovery. To compare the pulmonary uptake of Tc-HF to /sup 99m/Tc-labeled human serum albumin (Tc-HSA), 5 patients were injected with 10 mCi of Tc-HSA, and scanning of the thorax was performed with a similar sequential imaging protocol 24 h after conclusion of the Tc-HF study.« less

/sup 99m/Tc-IDA imaging in the differential diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and acute pancreatitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fonseca, C.; Greenberg, D.; Rosenthall, L.

1979-02-01

Technetium-/sup 99m/-labelled dimethly-acetanilide-iminodiacetic acid (/sup 99m/Tc-IDA) hepato-biliary imaging was evaluated for its efficacy in distinguishing acute cholecystitis from acute pancreatitis. In a retrospective review, gallbladders were demonstrated by /sup 99m/Tc-IDA in 13 of 15 patients (87%) with acute pancreatitis. This is significantly higher than reports on the frequency of gallbladder filling with oral and intravenous cholangiography in the presence of acute cholecystitis.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Basinger, G.T.; McCullough, D.L.; McLaughlin, A.P.

Eleven patients with urologic cancer had an abnormal /sup 99m/Tc (technetium-99m) bone scan as the sole evidence of metastatic disease. Potentially curative therapy should not be withheld on the basis of a ''positive'' bone scan if such an area is accessible to selected bone biopsy and proves to be negative for tumor histologically.

Fab(nimotuzumab)-HYNIC-99mTc: Antibody Fragmentation for Molecular Imaging Agents.

PubMed

Calzada, Victoria; García, María Fernanda; Alonso-Martínez, Luis Michel; Camachoc, Ximena; Goicochea, Enzo; Fernández, Marcelo; Castillo, Abmel Xiques; Díaz-Miqueli, Arlhee; Iznaga-Escobar, Normando; Montaña, René Leyva; Alonso, Omar; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Cabral, Pablo

2016-01-01

Finally, fast blood clearance nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognise, with high specific affinity, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) which play an important role in the growth process associated with many solid tumors. In this work, the whole antibody was digested with papain in order to generate a Fab fragment, derivatized with NHS-HYNIC-Tfa and radiolabel with technetium-99m (99mTc) as a potential agent of molecular imaging of cancer. Both, whole and fragment radiolabels were in-vivo and in-vitro characterized. Radiolabeling conditions with Tricine as coligand and quality controls were assessed to confirm the integrity of the labeled fragment. Biodistribution and imaging studies in normal and spontaneous adenocarcinoma mice were performed at different times to determine the in-vivo characteristics of the radiolabel fragment. Tumor localization was visualized by conventional gamma camera imaging studies, and the results were compared with the whole antibody. Also, an immunoreactivity assay was carried out for both. The results showed clearly the integrity of the nimotuzumab fragment and the affinity by the receptor was verified. Fab(nimotuzumab)-HYNIC was obtained with high purity and a simple strategy of radiolabeling was performed. Finally, a fast blood clearance was observed in the biodistribution studies increasing the tumor uptake of Fab(nimotuzumab)- HYNIC-99mTc over time, with tumor/muscle ratios of 3.81 ± 0.50, 5.16 ± 1.97 and 6.32 ± 1.98 at 1 h, 4 h and 24 h post injection. Urinary excretion resulted in 32.89 ± 3.91 %ID eliminated at 24 h. Scintigraphy images showed uptake in the tumor and the activity in non-target organs was consistent with the biodistribution data at the same time points. Hence, these preliminary results showed important further characteristic of Fab(nimotuzumab)-HYNIC-99mTc as a molecular imaging agent of cancer.

Diagnosis of pyogenic pelvic inflammatory diseases by 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy.

PubMed

Rachinsky, I; Boguslavsky, L; Goldstein, D; Golan, H; Pak, I; Katz, M; Lantsberg, S

2000-12-01

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the major health problems of women of child-bearing age. Among the most serious complications of PID is the formation of a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Early diagnosis of this condition may prevent serious surgical complications such as peritonitis and sepsis, which may be fatal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) leucocyte scintigraphy in the diagnosis of TOA. Twenty women with high clinical suspicion of TOA underwent 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy. The labelling of leucocytes with 99mTc-HMPAO was performed according to a standard protocol. Scans were obtained at 1, 3 and 24 h following the injection of the labelled leucocytes. In eight cases the early and/or late scan was positive, in 11 cases it was negative, and in one case of ovarian cyst torsion, confirmed by laparoscopy, it showed slight uptake in the capsule of the cyst (false-positive). The sensitivity of 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy was 100%, specificity 91.6%, positive predictive value 89%, negative predictive value 100% and overall accuracy 95%. It is concluded that leucocyte scintigraphy is a non-invasive, safe, physiological and accurate procedure for the diagnosis of TOA. The 24-h scan is crucial, since in some cases the abscess was not clearly visualized on the early scan. Leucocyte scintigraphy may reduce the need for CT, diagnostic laparoscopy and unnecessary invasive surgical procedures.

[Situation of supply and boom of PET imaging: what is the future for technetium-99m in nuclear medicine?].

PubMed

Maia, S; Ayachi Hatit, N; Paycha, F

2011-05-01

Molecular imaging has shown its interest in the diagnosis, staging and therapy monitoring of many diseases, especially in the field of cancer. This imaging modality can detect non-invasively early molecular changes specific to these diseases. Its expansion includes two aspects linked firstly with the advanced techniques of imaging modalities and secondly with the development of tracers as radio pharmaceuticals for imaging new molecular targets. Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), because of its physical characteristics, its widespread availability and low cost, is the most used radionuclide in molecular imaging with the technique of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nevertheless, the current difficulty concerning the supply and the great interest of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the "competitor" imaging modality-using molecules labelled with fluorine-18 ((18)F), legitimates the question about the future of (99m)Tc, its supremacy and the emergence of new tracer labelled with (99m)Tc. Focusing on the actual and future supply situation, the place of SPECT imaging in nuclear medicine, as well as the development of new molecules labelled with (99m)Tc is necessary to show that this radionuclide will remain essential for the speciality in the next years. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[Inferior frontal region hypoperfusion in Parkinson disease with dementia].

PubMed

Ochudło, Stanisław; Opala, Grzegorz; Jasińska-Myga, Barbara; Siuda, Joanna; Nowak, Stanisław

2003-01-01

Dementia is more frequent in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) then in general population. The mechanism for mental deterioration in PD remains controversial. The aim of our study was comparison of the regional cerebral perfusion quantified by single photon emission computed tomography in patients suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. We examined 49 PD patients: 22 PD patients with dementia and 27 PD patients without dementia. Dementia was recognized according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria. Cognitive functions were executed by means of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological assessment. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Modified Hoehn & Yahr Scale was used to quantify the severity of PD. SPECT was performed with Siemens Diacam single--head rotating gamma camera after intravenous application of technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). The perfusion values were expressed as cortical or basal ganglia regions of interest (ROIs)/cerebellum activity ratios. In both examined group of patients the lowest uptake was in basal ganglia region, while the highest uptake was in occipital region. In the subgroup of PD patients with dementia significant hypoperfusion affecting the inferior frontal cortices was observed. In Parkinson's disease with dementia hypoperfusion in inferior frontal region can be found.

Evolution of technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT and brain mapping in a patient presenting with echolalia and palilalia.

PubMed

Dierckx, R A; Saerens, J; De Deyn, P P; Verslegers, W; Marien, P; Vandevivere, J

1991-08-01

A 78-yr-old woman presented with transient echolalia and palilalia. She had suffered from Parkinson's disease for 2 yr. Routine laboratory examination showed hypotonic hyponatremia, but was otherwise unremarkable. Brain mapping revealed a bifrontal delta focus, more pronounced on the right. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain with technetium-99m labeled d,l hexamethylpropylene-amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO), performed during the acute episode showed relative frontoparietal hypoactivity. Brain mapping performed after disappearance of the echolalia and palilalia, which persisted only for 1 day, was normal. By contrast, SPECT findings persisted for more than 3 wk. Features of particular interest in the presented patient are the extensive defects seen on brain SPECT despite the absence of morphologic lesions, the congruent electrophysiologic changes and their temporal relationship with the clinical evolution.

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with /sup 99m/Tc-HIDA cholescintigraphy. [HIDA = dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weissmann, H.S.; Frank, M.S.; Bernstein, L.H.

1979-04-01

Technetium-99m dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) cholescintigraphy was performed on 90 patients with suspected acute cholecytitis. Visualization of the gallbladder established patency of the cystic duct and excluded the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 50 of 52 patients. Nonvisualization of the gallbladder with visualization of the common bile duct was diagnostic of acute cholecystitis in 38 patients, all subsequently proven at surgery. The observed accuracy of this procedure is 98% and specificity is 100%. The false negative rate is 5% and false positive rate is zero. Technetium-99m-HILDA has many advantages which make it the procedure of choice in evaluating amore » patient for suspected acute cholecystitis. It is a rapid, simple, safe examination which provides functional as well as anatomic information about the hepatobiliary system in individuals with a serum bilirubin level up to 8 mg/100 ml.« less

Intraoperative Injection of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience

PubMed Central

Berrocal, Julian; Saperstein, Lawrence; Grube, Baiba; Horowitz, Nina R.; Chagpar, Anees B.

2017-01-01

Background. Most institutions require a patient undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy to go through nuclear medicine prior to surgery to be injected with radioisotope. This study describes the long-term results using intraoperative injection of radioisotope. Methods. Since late 2002, all patients undergoing a sentinel lymph node biopsy at the Yale-New Haven Breast Center underwent intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid. Endpoints included number of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes obtained and number of positive sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes. Results. At least one sentinel lymph node was obtained in 2,333 out of 2,338 cases of sentinel node biopsy for an identification rate of 99.8%. The median number of sentinel nodes found was 2 and the mean was 2.33 (range: 1–15). There were 512 cases (21.9%) in which a sentinel node was positive for metastatic carcinoma. Of the patients with a positive sentinel lymph node who underwent axillary dissection, there were 242 cases (54.2%) with no additional positive nonsentinel lymph nodes. Advantages of intraoperative injection included increased comfort for the patient and simplification of scheduling. There were no radiation related complications. Conclusion. Intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid is convenient, effective, safe, and comfortable for the patient. PMID:28492062

[A case of lupus myocarditis and nephritis with transient foramen jugular syndrome].

PubMed

Kohro-Kawata, J; Nakamura, H; Yamamoto, T; Fukuta, S; Matsuzaki, M

1997-10-01

A 46-year-old man was admitted to our clinic because of acute heart failure. Six years before admission he was pointed out cardiomegary and hematuria. One year later, he was diagnosed as having jugular foramen syndrome. On admission, he had a fever and dyspnea. Pansystolic blowing murmur was audible at the apex. The chest ratio on his chest X-ray was 52.5%. An electrocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy. An echocardiogram showed marked dilatation and severe dysfunction of left ventricle. Radionuclide scanning with technetium 99 m pyrophosphate identified inflammatory change in the apex. Myocardial biopsy showed fibrotic degeneration and IgG deposits in myocardium. Blood examination showed anemia, lymphopenia. positive anti-nuclear antibody (1000 times, shaggy pattern), positive anti ds-DNA antibody and hypocomplementemia. Furthermore, proteinuria was pointed out. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulonephritis with active necrotizing lesion (type III nephritis). Lupus myocarditis and nephritis was diagnosed. After prednisolone (80 mg/day) was administered. left ventricular function and hypocomplementemia improved. The ACE inhibitor was also used for proteinuria. In spite of a little amount of blood transfusion, he showed hepatic hemosiderosis. We suspect that the cause of hemosiderosis was related chronic inflammation of active lupus. It was treated with Erythropoietin.

Intranasal mucoadhesive microemulsions of clonazepam: preliminary studies on brain targeting.

PubMed

Vyas, Tushar K; Babbar, A K; Sharma, R K; Singh, Shashi; Misra, Ambikanandan

2006-03-01

The aim of this investigation was to prepare clonazepam microemulsions (CME) for rapid drug delivery to the brain to treat acute status epileptic patients and to characterize and evaluate the performance of CME in vitro and in vivo in rats. The CME were prepared by the titration method and were characterized for globule size and size distribution, zeta potential, and drug content. CME was radiolabeled with (99m)Tc (technetium) and biodistribution of drug in the brain was studied in Swiss albino rats after intranasal and intravenous administrations. Brain scintigraphy imaging in rabbits was also performed to ascertain the uptake of the drug into the brain. Pre and postCME formulation treated human nasal mucosa was subjected to transmission electron microscopy to investigate the mechanism of drug uptake across the nasal mucosa. CME were transparent and stable with mean globule size of 15 +/- 10 nm and zeta potential of -30 mV to -40 mV. (99m)Tc-labeled clonazepam solution ((99m)Tc CS)/ clonazepam microemulsion (CME)/clonazepam mucoadhesive microemulsion (CMME) were found to be stable and suitable for in vivo studies. Brain/blood uptake ratios at 0.50 hour (h) following intranasal CMME, CME, clonazepam solution (CS), and intravenous CME administrations were found to be 0.67, 0.50, 0.48, and 0.13, respectively indicating more effective targeting with intranasal administration and best targeting of the brain with intranasal CMME. Brain/blood ratio at all sampling points up to 8 h following intranasal administration of CMME compared to intravenous was found to be twofold higher indicating larger extent of distribution of the drug in brain. Rabbit brain scintigraphy also showed higher intranasal uptake of the drug into the brain. Transmission electron microscopy revealed significant accretion of CMME within interstitial spaces and paracellular mode of transport due to stretching of the tight junctions present in the nasal mucosa. This investigation demonstrates a more rapid and larger extent of transport of clonazepam into the rat brain with intranasal CMME, which may prove useful in treating acute status epileptics. Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

Eosinophilic enterocolitis diagnosed by means of technetium-99m albumin scintigraphy and treated with budesonide (CIR).

PubMed Central

Russel, M G; Zeijen, R N; Brummer, R J; de Bruine, A P; van Kroonenburgh, M J; Stockbrügger, R W

1994-01-01

A patient with a 15 year history of diarrhoea of unknown origin is described. Scintigraphy with technetium-99m labelled albumin suggested albumin loss at the terminal ileum and caecum; subsequent colonoscopic biopsies of these macroscopically normal looking areas showed abundant infiltration with eosinophils. A diagnosis of eosinophilic enterocolitis was made. Treatment with prednisolone had good results, but had to be stopped because of severe side effects. Oral cromoglycate and mesalazine were not effective. Budesonide (CIR), a new topically active corticosteroid with very little systemic effects, was at least as effective as prednisolone without producing side effects. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 PMID:7959211

The study of interaction of modified fatty acid with {sup 99m}Tc in alcoholic media

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skuridin, V. S.; Stasyuk, E. S.; Varlamova, N. V.

2016-08-02

The paper presents the results of laboratory research aimed at the development of methods of synthesis of new radiodiagnostic agents based on modified fatty acid labelled with technetium-99m intended for scintigraphic evaluation of myocardial metabolism. In particular, the interaction of substance with {sup 99m}Tc in alcoholic media and the use of ethanol as solvent in the synthesis of the radiopharmaceutical were studied.

Effect of nitrate on uptake of pertechnetate by tomato plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krijger, G.C.; Kolloeffel, C.; Wolterbeek, H.T.

Nitrate has been shown to affect the acquisition of the nuclear waste product technetium (Tc) by plants. The mechanism responsible for this phenomenon is unknown. The uptake of [{sup 99m}Tc]TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}},[{sup 35}S] SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} and H{sub 2}[{sup 32P}]PO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} was studied in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Tiny Tim) with different growth rates due to culture at 0.5, 4.0, or 30 mM NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}. In experiments lasting 24 h, net TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} uptake decreased at higher NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} supplies. The inhibitory effect of NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} on TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} uptake also wasmore » shown in TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} influx experiments (K{sub i} = 3.3 mM), although about 30% of the TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} influx is suggested to be insensitive to NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}. In contrast, H{sub 2}PO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} (30 mM) did not inhibit TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} influx, whereas SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}} (30 mM) tended to increase TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} influx, probably due to the ionic strength of the uptake solution. Significant effects of the NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} supply on Tc efflux were not found. Overall, this leads to the conclusion that TcO{sub 4}{sup {minus}} and NO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} share at least one transporter.« less

Perfusion status of the stroke-like lesion at the hyperacute stage in MELAS.

PubMed

Yeh, Hsu-Ling; Chen, Yen-Kung; Chen, Wei-Hung; Wang, Han-Cheng; Chiu, Hou-Chang; Lien, Li-Ming; Wei, Yau-Huei

2013-02-01

Hypoperfusion on single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the stroke-like lesion (SLL) at the hyperacute stage of mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is considered to be a supportive evidence of the mitochondrial angiopathy theory. Our objectives were to examine whether other neuroimages, especially transcranial color-coded sonography (TCCS), done at the hyperacute stage of stroke-like episode (SLE) is consistent with hypoperfusion of the SLL. We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), SPECT, cerebral angiography, and TCCS of a patient with MELAS syndrome, all of which were performed at the hyperacute stage of one SLE. MRI on the 1st day post SLE showed right temporoparietal lesion with vasogenic edema. SPECT on the 2nd day showed focal decreased uptake of technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) in the same region, but cerebral angiography and TCCS on the 3rd day showed increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and distal arteriole dilation in the same region. TCCS can delineate increased rCBF of the SLL at the hyperacute stage of SLE. We propose that the discrepancy between the decreased (99m)Tc-HMPAO uptake and increased rCBF might be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. The phenomenon of "hypoperfusion" on SPECT might be caused by cell dysfunction but not decreased rCBF. We suggest that SPECT can be complemented by angiography and TCCS in future studies to delineate the perfusion status of SLLs. Copyright © 2012 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Monitoring apoptosis in real time.

PubMed

Green, Allan M; Steinmetz, Neil D

2002-01-01

Many therapeutically active anticancer treatments exert their effect by the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Serial biopsies in breast cancer patients have suggested that response to therapy correlates with early posttreatment increases in tumor apoptotic index. Radiolabeled technetium Tc 99m-recombinant human (rh) annexin V provides a noninvasive technique for imaging treatment-induced cell death. Annexin V is a naturally occurring human protein that binds avidly to membrane-associated phosphatidylserine (PS). PS is normally found only on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane double layer, but it is actively transported to the outer layer as an early event in apoptosis and becomes available for annexin binding. Annexin also gains access to PS as a result of the membrane fragmentation associated with necrosis. In vitro studies of apoptosis using fluorescein annexin have shown good correlation with assessments of apoptosis documented by nuclear DNA degradation and caspase activation. In vivo localization of intravenously administered Tc 99m-annexin V has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical models of apoptosis, including anti-Fas-mediated hepatic apoptosis, rejection of allogeneic heterotopic cardiac allografts, cyclophosphamide treatment of murine lymphoma, cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis in bone marrow, and leukocyte apoptosis associated with abscess formation. Scintigraphic studies in humans using Tc 99m-rh annexin V have demonstrated the feasibility of imaging cell death in acute myocardial infarction, in tumors with a high apoptotic index, and in response to anti-tumor chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, and sarcoma. Increased localization of Tc 99m-rh annexin V within 1 to 3 days of chemotherapy has been noted in some, but not all, subjects with these tumors. To date, most subjects showing increased Tc 99m-rh annexin V uptake after the first course of chemotherapy have shown objective clinical responses. A single site study in 15 subjects with 1-year follow-up has suggested that increased posttreatment Tc 99m-rh annexin uptake is associated with improved time to progression of disease and survival time. In vivo imaging of cell death may have the potential to improve the treatment of cancer patients by allowing rapid, objective, patient-by-patient assessment of the efficacy of tumor cell killing.

Estimating cancer risk from 99mTc pyrophosphate imaging for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

PubMed

Einstein, Andrew J; Shuryak, Igor; Castaño, Adam; Mintz, Akiva; Maurer, Mathew S; Bokhari, Sabahat

2018-05-30

Increasing recognition that transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is much more common than previously appreciated and the emergence of novel disease-modifying therapeutic agents have led to a paradigm shift in which ATTR-CA screening is considered in high-risk populations, such as patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or aortic stenosis. Radiation risk from 99m Tc-pyrophosphate ( 99m Tc-PYP) scintigraphy, a test with very high sensitivity and specificity for ATTR-CA, has not been previously determined. Radiation doses to individual organs from 99m Tc-PYP were estimated using models developed by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Excess future cancer risks were estimated from organ doses, using risk projection models developed by the National Academies and extended by the National Cancer Institute. Excess future risks were estimated for men and women aged 40-80 and compared to total (excess plus baseline) future risks. All-organ excess cancer risks (90% uncertainty intervals) ranged from 5.88 (2.45,11.4) to 12.2 (4.11,26.0) cases per 100,000 patients undergoing 99m Tc-PYP testing, were similar for men and women, and decreased with increasing age at testing. Cancer risks were highest to the urinary bladder, and bladder risk varied nearly twofold depending on which model was used. Excess 99m Tc-PYP-related cancers constituted < 1% of total future cancers to the critical organs. Very low cancer risks associated with 99m Tc-PYP testing suggest a favorable benefit-risk profile for 99m Tc-PYP as a screening test for ATTR-CA in high-risk populations, such as such as patients with HFpEF or aortic stenosis.

Retrograde spread of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas in patients with active ulcerative colitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Campieri, M.; Lanfranchi, G.A.; Brignola, C.

1986-02-01

In an attempt to know the exact retrograde spread of high-dosage 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas, we have studied eight patients with active left-sided colitis, by adding a small amount of barium sulfate to the enemas and by checking the spread radiologically after 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 6 hours. Four grams of 5-aminosalicylic acid in 100-ml enemas and 4 gm in 200-ml enemas were used. The same experiment was repeated in a subsequent attack, with enemas labeled with technetium-99m and checked by scintiscans in five of these patients. We always have observed a volume-dependent spread of enemas but, interestingly, in themore » patients studied with technetium-99m there was always a wider spread than that which was detected with barium enemas. In all five patients, 100-ml enemas reached the splenic flexure. In two patients with total colitis, a progression of 100-ml technetium-99m enemas was performed in the transverse colon, but the maximum opacity remained in the left side. We can conclude that 4 gm of 5-aminosalicylic acid in 100-ml enemas can be suitable for treating patients with left-sided colitis, and will represent a valid addition for patients with more extensive colitis.« less

Large telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia presenting with normal radionuclide studies: Case report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peterfy, C.G.; Rosenthall, L.

1990-12-01

A 9 cm-lesion of telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia was incidentally identified in a 31-yr-old female. Despite a typical appearance by X-ray computed tomography and ultrasonography, scintigraphy with technetium-99m-({sup 99m}Tc) colloid, {sup 99m}Tc-diethyliminodiacetic acid, and {sup 99m}Tc-labeled red cells failed to demonstrate any abnormalities. These findings are felt to reflect the relative lack of architectural disruption that histologically characterizes this particular lesion. The present report described the imaging characteristics of the telangiectatic form of focal nodular hyperplasia.

Monooxorhenium(V) complexes with 222-N2S2 MAMA ligands for bifunctional chelator agents: Syntheses and preliminary in vivo evaluation

PubMed Central

Demoin, Dustin Wayne; Dame, Ashley N.; Minard, William D.; Gallazzi, Fabio; Seickman, Gary L.; Rold, Tammy L.; Bernskoetter, Nicole; Fassbender, Michael E.; Hoffman, Timothy J.; Deakyne, Carol A.; Jurisson, Silvia S.

2016-01-01

Introduction Targeted radiotherapy using the bifunctional chelate approach with 186/188Re(V) is challenging because of the susceptibility of monooxorhenium(V)-based complexes to oxidize in vivo at high dilution. A monoamine-monoamide dithiol (MAMA)-based bifunctional chelating agent was evaluated with both rhenium and technetium to determine its utility for in vivo applications. Methods A 222-MAMA chelator, 222-MAMA(N-6-Ahx-OEt) bifunctional chelator, and 222- MAMA(N-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH2) were synthesized, complexed with rhenium, radiolabeled with 99mTc and 186Re (carrier added and no carrier added), and evaluated in initial biological distribution studies. Results An IC50 value of 2.0 ± 0.7 nM for natReO-222-MAMA(N-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH2) compared to [125I]-Tyr4-BBN(NH2) was determined through competitive cell binding assays with PC-3 tumor cells. In vivo evaluation of the no-carrier added 99mTc-222-N2S2(N-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH2) complex showed little gastric uptake and blockable pancreatic uptake in normal mice. Conclusions The 186ReO-222-N2S2(N-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH2) complex showed stability in biological media, which indicates that the 222-N2S2 chelator is appropriate for chelating 186/188Re in radiopharmaceuticals involving peptides. Additionally, the in vitro cell studies showed that the ReO-222-N2S2(N-6-Ahx-BBN(7-14)NH2) complex (macroscopically) bound to PC3-tumor cell surface receptors with high affinity. The 99mTc analog was stable in vivo and exhibited pancreatic uptake in mice that was blockable, indicating BB2r targeting. PMID:27694058

Clinical application of calculated split renal volume using computed tomography-based renal volumetry after partial nephrectomy: Correlation with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan data.

PubMed

Lee, Chan Ho; Park, Young Joo; Ku, Ja Yoon; Ha, Hong Koo

2017-06-01

To evaluate the clinical application of computed tomography-based measurement of renal cortical volume and split renal volume as a single tool to assess the anatomy and renal function in patients with renal tumors before and after partial nephrectomy, and to compare the findings with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. The data of 51 patients with a unilateral renal tumor managed by partial nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The renal cortical volume of tumor-bearing and contralateral kidneys was measured using ImageJ software. Split estimated glomerular filtration rate and split renal volume calculated using this renal cortical volume were compared with the split renal function measured with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. A strong correlation between split renal function and split renal volume of the tumor-bearing kidney was observed before and after surgery (r = 0.89, P < 0.001 and r = 0.94, P < 0.001). The preoperative and postoperative split estimated glomerular filtration rate of the operated kidney showed a moderate correlation with split renal function (r = 0.39, P = 0.004 and r = 0.49, P < 0.001). The correlation between reductions in split renal function and split renal volume of the operated kidney (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) was stronger than that between split renal function and percent reduction in split estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). The split renal volume calculated using computed tomography-based renal volumetry had a strong correlation with the split renal function measured using technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. Computed tomography-based split renal volume measurement before and after partial nephrectomy can be used as a single modality for anatomical and functional assessment of the tumor-bearing kidney. © 2017 The Japanese Urological Association.

New method for the selective labeling of erythrocytes in whole blood with Tc-99m

DOEpatents

Srivastava, S.C.; Babich, J.W.; Straub, R.; Richards, P.

1984-01-27

Method and kit are described for the preparation of /sup 99m/Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for the reduction of technetium.

Studies on focal alveolar bone healing with technetium (Tc)-99m labeled methylene diphosphonate and gold-collimated cadmium telluride probe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tsuchimochi, M.; Hosain, F.; Engelke, W.

1991-01-01

The benefit of using a collimator for a miniaturized cadmium telluride probe was evaluated by monitoring the bone-healing processes for 13 weeks after the induction of small iatrogenic alveolar bone lesions in one side of the mandible in beagles. Technetium (Tc)-99m labeled methylene diphosphonate (200 to 300 MBq, 5.1 to 8.1 mCi, in a solution of 0.5 to 1 ml, intravenously) was used as a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. The radioactivity over the bone lesion (L) and the contralateral normal site (C) in the mandible were measured between 1.5 and 2 hours after injection of the tracer, and the activity ratio L/Cmore » served as an index of relative bone uptake. A study of six dogs revealed that the healing response to a hemispheric bone defect of 2 mm diameter in the cortical bone could not be detected by an uncollimated probe, and in a repeated study in two dogs the use of a gold collimator (5 mm in diameter, 5 mm in length) did not increase the L/C ratio significantly. A second study in six dogs with 5 mm lesions showed that although systematic trends in the time courses of the L/C ratio obtained both with and without the collimator could be demonstrated, the L/C ratio of collimated versus uncollimated measurements was significantly (p less than 0.005) increased. In three of the latter six dogs, abscesses developed after 9 weeks, leading to a second increase (p less than 0.05) of the L/C ratio with collimation compared with the noninflammation group; without collimation no significant (p greater than 0.15) difference between the two groups could be demonstrated.« less

Technetium uptake predicts remission and relapse in Grave's disease patients on antithyroid drugs for at least 1 year in South Indian subjects

PubMed Central

Singhal, Neha; Praveen, V. P.; Bhavani, Nisha; Menon, Arun S.; Menon, Usha; Abraham, Nithya; Kumar, Harish; JayKumar, R. V.; Nair, Vasantha; Sundaram, Shanmugha; Sundaram, Padma

2016-01-01

Context: Most of the information on remission related factors in Grave's disease are derived from Western literature. It is likely that there may be additional prognostic factors and differences in the postdrug treatment course of Grave's disease in India. Aim: To study factors which predict remission/relapse in Grave's disease patients from South India. Also to establish if technetium (Tc) uptake has a role in predicting remission. Subjects and Methods: Records of 174 patients with clinical, biochemical, and scintigraphic criteria consistent with Grave's disease, seen in our Institution between January 2006 and 2014 were analyzed. Patient factors, drug-related factors, Tc-99m uptake and other clinical factors were compared between the remission and nonremission groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Mann–Whitney U-test and Chi-square tests were used when appropriate to compare the groups. Results: Fifty-seven (32.7%) patients attained remission after at least 1 year of thionamide therapy. Of these, 11 (19.2%) patients relapsed within 1 year. Age, gender, goiter, and presence of extrathyroidal manifestations were not associated with remission. Higher values of Tc uptake were positively associated with remission (P- 0.02). Time to achievement of normal thyroid function and composite dose: Time scores were significantly associated with remission (P - 0.05 and P - 0.01, respectively). Patients with lower FT4 at presentation had a higher chance of remission (P - 0.01). The relapse rates were lower than previously reported in the literature. A higher Tc uptake was found to be significantly associated with relapse also (P - 0.009). Conclusion: The prognostic factors associated with remission in Graves's disease in this South Indian study are not the same as that reported in Western literature. Tc scintigraphy may have an additional role in identifying people who are likely to undergo remission and thus predict the outcome of Grave's disease. PMID:27042408

Technetium uptake predicts remission and relapse in Grave's disease patients on antithyroid drugs for at least 1 year in South Indian subjects.

PubMed

Singhal, Neha; Praveen, V P; Bhavani, Nisha; Menon, Arun S; Menon, Usha; Abraham, Nithya; Kumar, Harish; JayKumar, R V; Nair, Vasantha; Sundaram, Shanmugha; Sundaram, Padma

2016-01-01

Most of the information on remission related factors in Grave's disease are derived from Western literature. It is likely that there may be additional prognostic factors and differences in the postdrug treatment course of Grave's disease in India. To study factors which predict remission/relapse in Grave's disease patients from South India. Also to establish if technetium (Tc) uptake has a role in predicting remission. Records of 174 patients with clinical, biochemical, and scintigraphic criteria consistent with Grave's disease, seen in our Institution between January 2006 and 2014 were analyzed. Patient factors, drug-related factors, Tc-99m uptake and other clinical factors were compared between the remission and nonremission groups. Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square tests were used when appropriate to compare the groups. Fifty-seven (32.7%) patients attained remission after at least 1 year of thionamide therapy. Of these, 11 (19.2%) patients relapsed within 1 year. Age, gender, goiter, and presence of extrathyroidal manifestations were not associated with remission. Higher values of Tc uptake were positively associated with remission (P- 0.02). Time to achievement of normal thyroid function and composite dose: Time scores were significantly associated with remission (P - 0.05 and P - 0.01, respectively). Patients with lower FT4 at presentation had a higher chance of remission (P - 0.01). The relapse rates were lower than previously reported in the literature. A higher Tc uptake was found to be significantly associated with relapse also (P - 0.009). The prognostic factors associated with remission in Graves's disease in this South Indian study are not the same as that reported in Western literature. Tc scintigraphy may have an additional role in identifying people who are likely to undergo remission and thus predict the outcome of Grave's disease.

Renal Abnormalities Among Egyptian Children With Hemophilia A Using Renal Scintigraphy: Relation to Risk Factors and Disease Severity.

PubMed

Hamed, Ahmed Alsaeed; Shalaby, Mennatallah Hatem; El-Kinawy, Nihal Saad; Elamawy, Alaa Adel; Abd El-Ghany, Shereen Mohamed

2017-07-01

Many risk factors may contribute to renal disease in patients with hemophilia A. We aimed to evaluate functional and structural renal abnormalities among a group of Egyptian children with severe and moderate hemophilia A using technetium-99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ( 99m Tc-DTPA) and technetium-99 m dimercaptusuccinic acid ( 99m Tc-DMSA) scan. We also aimed to determine the relation between these abnormalities and different risk factors and disease severity. Forty male patients, 16 with severe and 24 with moderate hemophilia A, were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 10.2 ± 4.3 years (range, 5-17 years). Full history taking, clinical examination, laboratory, and radionuclide investigations including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine analysis, creatinine clearance, 24-hour urinary protein, 99m Tc-DTPA scan, and 99m Tc-DMSA scan were performed to all enrolled patients. Serum creatinine and BUN were normal in all patients, and corrected creatinine clearance was diminished in 2 patients. However, 99m Tc-DTPA results yielded 19 (47.5%) patients with diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Moreover, it showed that 14 (35%) had obstructive uropathy, 15 (37.5%) had obstructive nephropathy, while 11 (27.5%) patients showed normal scan. One patient had atrophy of 1 kidney on 99m Tc-DMSA scan. Among our cohort, 5 (12.5%) patients were hypertensive. Microscopic hematuria was detected in 14 (35%) patients while 72.5% had proteinuria. We found an association between hematuria and hypertension with diminished GFR. Despite normal kidney functions (serum creatinine and BUN), we found a high rate of diminished GFR and obstructive uropathy and nephropathy as detected by 99m Tc-DTPA scan among children with hemophilia A.

Perfusion network shift during seizures in medial temporal lobe epilepsy.

PubMed

Sequeira, Karen M; Tabesh, Ali; Sainju, Rup K; DeSantis, Stacia M; Naselaris, Thomas; Joseph, Jane E; Ahlman, Mark A; Spicer, Kenneth M; Glazier, Steve S; Edwards, Jonathan C; Bonilha, Leonardo

2013-01-01

Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with limbic atrophy involving the hippocampus, peri-hippocampal and extra-temporal structures. While MTLE is related to static structural limbic compromise, it is unknown whether the limbic system undergoes dynamic regional perfusion network alterations during seizures. In this study, we aimed to investigate state specific (i.e. ictal versus interictal) perfusional limbic networks in patients with MTLE. We studied clinical information and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images obtained with intravenous infusion of the radioactive tracer Technetium- Tc 99 m Hexamethylpropyleneamine Oxime (Tc-99 m HMPAO) during ictal and interictal state confirmed by video-electroencephalography (VEEG) in 20 patients with unilateral MTLE (12 left and 8 right MTLE). Pair-wise voxel-based analyses were used to define global changes in tracer between states. Regional tracer uptake was calculated and state specific adjacency matrices were constructed based on regional correlation of uptake across subjects. Graph theoretical measures were applied to investigate global and regional state specific network reconfigurations. A significant increase in tracer uptake was observed during the ictal state in the medial temporal region, cerebellum, thalamus, insula and putamen. From network analyses, we observed a relative decreased correlation between the epileptogenic temporal region and remaining cortex during the interictal state, followed by a surge of cross-correlated perfusion in epileptogenic temporal-limbic structures during a seizure, corresponding to local network integration. These results suggest that MTLE is associated with a state specific perfusion and possibly functional organization consisting of a surge of limbic cross-correlated tracer uptake during a seizure, with a relative disconnection of the epileptogenic temporal lobe in the interictal period. This pattern of state specific shift in metabolic networks in MTLE may improve the understanding of epileptogenesis and neuropsychological impairments associated with MTLE.

The Evaluation of Novel Tin Materials for the Removal of Technetium from Groundwater

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parker, Kent E.; Wellman, Dawn M.

2017-06-30

Technetium-99 ( 99Tc) is present at several U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, including the Hanford, Oak Ridge, Paducah, Portsmouth, and Savannah River sites. Due to its mobility, persistence, and toxicity in the environment, developing means to immobilize and/or remove technetium from the environment is currently a top priority for DOE. However, there are currently very few approaches that effectively manage the risks of technetium to human health and the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate novel synthetic materials that could enable direct removal of technetium from groundwater. The following report •assesses the viability of existing methodologiesmore » for synthesis of tin (II) apatite for in situ formation and remediation of 99Tc within the subsurface environment •discusses the development of alternative methodologies for production of tin (II) apatite •evaluates nanoporous tin phosphate materials for removal of technetium from groundwater.« less

Imaging of Homeostatic, Neoplastic, and Injured Tissues by HA-Based Probes

PubMed Central

Veiseh, Mandana; Breadner, Daniel; Ma, Jenny; Akentieva, Natalia; Savani, Rashmin C; Harrison, Rene; Mikilus, David; Collis, Lisa; Gustafson, Stefan; Lee, Ting-Yim; Koropatnick, James; Luyt, Leonard G.; Bissell, Mina J.; Turley, Eva A.

2013-01-01

An increase in hyaluronan (HA) synthesis, cellular uptake, and metabolism occurs during the remodeling of tissue microenvironments following injury and during disease processes such as cancer. We hypothesized that multimodality HA-based probes selectively target and detectably accumulate at sites of high HA metabolism, thus providing a flexible imaging strategy for monitoring disease and repair processes. Kinetic analyses confirmed favorable available serum levels of the probe following intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Nuclear (technetium-HA, 99mTc-HA, and iodine-HA, 125I-HA), optical (fluorescent Texas Red-HA, TR-HA), and magnetic resonance (gadolinium-HA, Gd-HA) probes imaged liver (99mTc-HA), breast cancer cells/xenografts (TR-HA, Gd-HA), and vascular injury (125I-HA, TR-HA). Targeting of HA probes to these sites appeared to result from selective HA receptor-dependent localization. Our results suggest that HA-based probes, which do not require polysaccharide backbone modification to achieve favorable half-life and distribution, can detect elevated HA metabolism in homeostatic, injured, and diseased tissues. PMID:22066590

Design of a Fission 99 Mo Recovery Process and Implications toward Mo Adsorption Mechanism on Titania and Alumina Sorbents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stepinski, Dominique C.; Youker, Amanda J.; Krahn, Elizabeth O.

2017-03-01

Molybdenum-99 is a parent of the most widely used medical isotope technetium-99m. Proliferation concerns have prompted development of alternative Mo production methods utilizing low enriched uranium. Alumina and titania sorbents were evaluated for separation of Mo from concentrated uranyl nitrate solutions. System, mass transfer, and isotherm parameters were determined to enable design of Mo separation processes under a wide range of conditions. A model-based approach was utilized to design representative commercial-scale column processes. The designs and parameters were verified with bench-scale experiments. The results are essential for design of Mo separation processes from irradiated uranium solutions, selection of support materialmore » and process optimization. Mo uptake studies show that adsorption decreases with increasing concentration of uranyl nitrate; howeveL, examination of Mo adsorption as a function of nitrate ion concentration shows no dependency, indicating that uranium competes with Mo for adsorption sites. These results are consistent with reports indicating that Mo forms inner-sphere complexes with titania and alumina surface groups.« less

Method and kit for the selective labeling of red blood cells in whole blood with Tc-99m

DOEpatents

Srivastava, S.C.; Babich, J.W.; Straub, R.; Richards, P.

1988-07-05

Disclosed herein are a method and kit for the preparation of [sup 99m]Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available for the reduction of technetium. No Drawings

Method and kit for the selective labeling of red blood cells in whole blood with TC-99M

DOEpatents

Srivastava, Suresh C.; Babich, John W.; Straub, Rita; Richards, Powell

1988-01-01

Disclosed herein are a method and kit for the preparation of .sup.99m Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for the reduction of technetium.

Pretreatment evaluation of carcinomas of the hypopharynx and larynx with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 123I-alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine and 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile.

PubMed

Henze, Marcus; Mohammed, Ashour; Mier, Walter; Rudat, Volker; Dietz, Andreas; Nollert, Jörg; Eisenhut, Michael; Haberkorn, Uwe

2002-03-01

While fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is helpful in the pretherapeutic evaluation of head and neck cancer, it is only available in selected centres. Therefore, single-photon emission tomography (SPET) tracers would be desirable if they were to demonstrate tumour uptake reliably. This multitracer study was performed to evaluate the pretherapeutic uptake of the SPET tracers iodine-123 alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine (IMT) and technetium-99m hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) in primary carcinomas of the hypopharynx and larynx and to compare the results with those of FDG PET. We examined 22 fasted patients (20 male, 2 female, mean age 60.5+/-10.2 years) with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the hypopharynx (n=9) or larynx (n=13), within 1 week before therapy. In 20 patients a cervical PET scan was acquired after intravenous injection of 232+/-43 MBq 18F-FDG. Data analysis was semiquantitative, being based on standardised uptake values (SUVs) obtained at 60-90 min after injection. After injection of 570+/-44 MBq 99mTc-MIBI, cervical SPET scans (high-resolution collimator, 64x64 matrix, 64 steps, 40 s each) were obtained in 19 patients, 15 and 60 min after tracer injection. Finally, 15 min after injection of 327+/-93 MBq 123I-IMT (medium-energy collimator, 64x64 matrix, 64 steps, 40 s each) SPET scans were acquired in 15 patients. All images were analysed visually and by calculating the tumour to nuchal muscle ratio. Eighteen of 20 (90%) carcinomas showed an increased glucose metabolism, with a mean SUV of 8.7 and a mean carcinoma to muscle ratio of 7.3. The IMT uptake was increased in 13 of 15 (87%) patients, who had a mean carcinoma to muscle ratio of 2.9. Only 13 of 19 (68%) carcinomas revealed pathological MIBI uptake, with a mean tumour to muscle ratio of 2.2 and no significant difference between early and late MIBI SPET images (P=0.23). In conclusion, in the diagnosis of primary carcinomas of the hypopharynx and larynx, IMT SPET achieved a detection rate comparable to that of FDG PET. IMT SPET was clearly superior to MIBI SPET in this population. A further evaluation of the specificity of IMT in a larger number of patients appears justified.

Identification of Staphylococcus aureus infection by aptamers directly radiolabeled with technetium-99m.

PubMed

dos Santos, Sara Roberta; Rodrigues Corrêa, Cristiane; Branco de Barros, André Luís; Serakides, Rogéria; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

2015-03-01

Aptamers are oligonucleotides that have high affinity and specificity for their molecular targets which are emerging as a new class of molecules for radiopharmaceuticals development. In this study, aptamers selected to Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated for bacterial infection identification. Anti S. aureus aptamers were labeled with (99m)Tc by the direct method. The radiolabel yield and complex stability were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Three groups of Swiss mice containing 6 animals each were used. The first group was infected intramuscularly in the right thigh with S. aureus. The second group was infected in the same way with C. albicans and the third group was injected with zymosan to induce aseptic inflammation. After 24 h, radiolabeled aptamers (22.2 MBq) were injected by the tail vein. The mice were euthanized 4 h post injection and tissue sample activities measured in a gamma counter. The (99m)Tc labeled aptamers were stable in saline, plasma and cystein excess. Radiolabeled aptamers showed increased uptake in the kidneys for all groups indicating a main renal excretion, which is consistent with the hydrophilic nature and small size of aptamers. The radiopharmaceutical showed rapid blood clearance indicated by a reduced dose (% ID/g) in the blood. The biodistribution showed that aptamers were able to identify the infection foci caused by S. aureus displaying a target/non-target ratio of 4.0±0.5. This ratio for mice infected with C. albicans was 2.0±0.4 while for mice with aseptic inflammation was 1.2±0.2. Histology confirmed the presence of infection in groups 1 and 2, and inflammation in group 3. The biodistibution study demonstrated a statistically higher uptake in the S. aureus foci relative to inflammation and C. albicans infected areas. These results highlight the potential of aptamers labeled directly with (99m)Tc for bacterial infection diagnosis by scintigraphy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of 99mTc and 188Re Peptides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanders, Vanessa

Radiopharmaceuticals are very powerful diagnostic tools for evaluation of a host of medical conditions. These drugs are labeled with radioactive isotopes, which are utilized to create pictures of areas of interest through absorption of the drug. They are currently in high demand due to their ability to image areas that traditional imaging devices cannot. The radioisotope 99mTc, with a half-life of 6.01 hours and a 140 keV gamma emission, is central to many radiopharmaceutical compounds. This isotope is easily obtained from a 99Mo-99mTc generator, through beta decay and column chromatography separations. Very little technetium, less than 6 ng, is needed to label the pharmaceuticals for use in-vivo. Another radioisotope 188Re is also important due to its ability to be used for therapy while being tracked throughout the body. Radiotherapy gives radiopharmaceuticals a huge advantage by their ability to destroy rapidly growing cells. One of the main reasons there is interest in rhenium pharmaceuticals is the chemical similarity between it and technetium. The 188Re isotope also has a considerably short half-life of approximately 17 hours and has emission energy of 155 keV. The 188Re isotope is separated from 188W-188Re generator, analogously to the 99Mo-99mTc generator. The ligand used in this work is a pentapepetide macrocyclic ligand. This ligand, KYCAR (lysyl-tyrosyl-cystyl-alanyl-arginine), has been designed as a potential chelating ligand for imaging and therapeutic in vivo agents. Ligands are chosen based on their in-situ biological behavior, and are used in the complexation with technetium and rhenium. Understanding and exploiting technetium and rhenium chemistry can provide insight into the reaction mechanisms and coordination chemistry of these compounds. The exploration of various oxidation states as a function of the ligands used and the reaction conditions can help develop novel radiopharmaceuticals. The investigations of the manipulation of oxidation states have the possible application to simplify the synthesis of the pharmaceutical. The versatility of the oxidation states of these metals leads to numerous possibilities in developing new radiopharmaceuticals. The coordination chemistry and reaction mechanisms must be efficiently characterized to ensure the reproducibility of the radiopharmaceutical. The current study focuses on technetium and rhenium complexes with peptides. These complexes have become increasing interesting for their use in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The characterization of the complexation of Tc(V), and Rh(V) with the pentapeptide KYCAR (lysyl-tyrosyl-cystyl-alanyl-arginine) will be discussed. Complexes will be characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Proton NMR, Circular Dichroism (CD), and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy, to compare them to current radiopharmaceuticals. Information on the underlying reactions and coordination will be discussed.

Removal of technetium from solution by algal flagellate Euglena gracilis.

PubMed

Ishii, Nobuyoshi; Uchida, Shigeo

2006-01-01

Based on limited data for the removal of radioactive (99)Tc by freshwater phytoplankton, it has been thought that phytoplankton are unsuitable for remediation of (99)Tc-contaminated waters. This work sought to verify the validity of this assumption by studying the removal of (99)TcO(4)(-) by freshwater and brackish water phytoplankton. The phytoplankton used were Euglena gracilis, Chlamydomonas pulsatilla, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis. Each of them was incubated for 63 d, and the removal of (99)Tc from solution was periodically determined. Significant removal of (99)Tc was observed only for E. gracilis, and the maximum removal was 70% of the total (99)Tc added. The killed cells of E. gracilis, however, removed hardly any (99)Tc. When E. gracilis cells were washed with fresh culture medium, only 13% of the total (99)Tc was desorbed. These results suggested that intracellular uptake of (99)Tc by E. gracilis occurred. These results are the first documented example of significant removal of (99)Tc by planktonic microalgae.

Radioguided parathyroidectomy for recurrent parathyroid cancer.

PubMed

Placzkowski, Kimberly; Christian, Rose; Chen, Herbert

2007-05-01

We report a case of radioguided parathyroidectomy in a patient with parathyroid carcinoma. A 61-year-old woman presented to our center with persistent hypercalcemia (17.2 mg/dL) and hyperparathyroidism (PTH=324 pg/mL) following her second neck resection for recurrent parathyroid carcinoma at an outside facility. Her elevated serum calcium had not responded to treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates, furosemide, or calcitonin. Calcimemetic therapy (Cinacalcet) was effective but had to be discontinued due to GI intolerance. She requested a second opinion at our center after being referred for palliative radiation therapy for presumed inoperable disease. On presentation, she remained symptomatic with bone and joint pain, diffuse abdominal pain and fatigue. Repeat technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m sestamibi) scintigraphy showed a faint area of uptake near the right clavicular head, adjacent to the site of her previous resections. With the intraoperative guidance of a hand-held gamma probe, a 2 cm recurrent parathyroid carcinoma was located and successfully excised. Intraoperative PTH levels confirmed surgical cure of this previously undetected foci of disease. The use of radioguidance and intraoperative PTH monitoring were the keys to a successful resection, and our patient remains disease free with 17 months of follow-up.

Effect of Thuya occidentalis on the labeling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with technetium-99m.

PubMed Central

Oliveira, J. F.; Braga, A. C.; Avila, A. S.; Fonseca, L. M.; Gutfilen, B.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

1996-01-01

Thuya occidentalis is used in popular medicine in the treatment of condyloma and has antibacterial action. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine. This labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually stannous ion. Any drug which alters the labeling of the tracer could be expected to modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. We have evaluated the influence of T. occidentalis extract on the labeling of RBC and plasma proteins with 99mTc. Blood was withdrawn and incubated with T. occidentalis (0.25; 2.5; 20.5; and 34.1 percent v/v). Stannous chloride (1.2 micrograms/ml) was added and then 99mTc was added. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. The analysis of the results shows that there is a decrease in radioactivity (from 97.64 to 75.89 percent) in BC with 34.1 percent of the drug. In the labeling process of RBC with 99mTc, the stannous and pertechnetate ions pass through the membrane, so we suggest that the T. occidentalis effect can be explained (i) by an inhibition of the transport of these ions, (ii) by damage in membrane, (iii) by competition with the cited ions for the same binding sites, or (iv) by possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion. PMID:9436292

Effect of Thuya occidentalis on the labeling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with technetium-99m.

PubMed

Oliveira, J F; Braga, A C; Avila, A S; Fonseca, L M; Gutfilen, B; Bernardo-Filho, M

1996-01-01

Thuya occidentalis is used in popular medicine in the treatment of condyloma and has antibacterial action. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine. This labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually stannous ion. Any drug which alters the labeling of the tracer could be expected to modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. We have evaluated the influence of T. occidentalis extract on the labeling of RBC and plasma proteins with 99mTc. Blood was withdrawn and incubated with T. occidentalis (0.25; 2.5; 20.5; and 34.1 percent v/v). Stannous chloride (1.2 micrograms/ml) was added and then 99mTc was added. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. The analysis of the results shows that there is a decrease in radioactivity (from 97.64 to 75.89 percent) in BC with 34.1 percent of the drug. In the labeling process of RBC with 99mTc, the stannous and pertechnetate ions pass through the membrane, so we suggest that the T. occidentalis effect can be explained (i) by an inhibition of the transport of these ions, (ii) by damage in membrane, (iii) by competition with the cited ions for the same binding sites, or (iv) by possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion.

Tc-99 Decontamination From Heat Treated Gaseous Diffusion Membrane -Phase I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oji, L.; Wilmarth, B.; Restivo, M.

2017-03-13

Uranium gaseous diffusion cascades represent a significant environmental challenge to dismantle, containerize and dispose as low-level radioactive waste. Baseline technologies rely on manual manipulations involving direct access to technetium-contaminated piping and materials. There is a potential to utilize novel thermal decontamination technologies to remove the technetium and allow for on-site disposal of the very large uranium converters. Technetium entered these gaseous diffusion cascades as a hexafluoride complex in the same fashion as uranium. Technetium, as the isotope Tc-99, is an impurity that follows uranium in the first cycle of the Plutonium and Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. The technetium speciation ormore » exact form in the gas diffusion cascades is not well defined. Several forms of Tc-99 compounds, mostly the fluorinated technetium compounds with varying degrees of volatility have been speculated by the scientific community to be present in these cascades. Therefore, there may be a possibility of using thermal desorption, which is independent of the technetium oxidation states, to perform an in situ removal of the technetium as a volatile species and trap the radionuclide on sorbent traps which could be disposed as low-level waste.« less

Use of radiologic modalities in coccidioidal meningitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stadalnik, R.C.; Goldstein, E.; Hoeprich, P.D.

1981-01-01

The diagnostic utility of pentetate indium trisodium CSF studies, technetium Tc 99m brain scans, and computerized tomographic (CT) scans was evaluated in eight patients in whom coccidioidal meningitis developed following a dust storm in the Central Valley of California. The 111In flow studies and the CT scans demonstrated hydrocephalus in five patients with clinical findings suggesting this complication. Ventriculitis has not previously been diagnosed before death in patients with coccidioidal meningitis; however, it was demonstrated in two patients by the technetium Tc 99m brain scan. The finding that communicating hydrocephalus occurs early in meningitis and interferes with CSF flow intomore » infected basilar regions has important therapeutic implications in that antifungal agents injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space may not reach these regions.« less

Seronegative inflammations of the ankle and foot: diagnostic challenges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Capen, D.; Scheck, M.

Seronegative inflammatory disease was diagnosed in seven patients who had pain, swelling, and redness of the foot and/or ankle. Since the clinical findings mimicked infection, tendinitis, fasciitis, or chronic strain, the initial diagnosis was erroneous and treatment ineffective. In addition to the test for the HLA-B27 antigen, technetium-99m-diphosphonate scintigraphy and magnification roentgenograms have proved valuable tools. Increased isotope uptake was found in all involved extremities, and magnification roentgenograms helped to detect early and subtle lesions of bone. The lesions comprised cortical erosion, increased intracortical absorption of bone, periosteal reactions, and osteoporosis. The response to anti-inflammatory drugs was good in allmore » seven patients. Limited and preliminary follow-up data, including repeat bone scans, suggest that the inflammation may be of a transient nature.« less

Combined technetium radioisotope penile plethysmography and xenon washout: A technique for evaluating corpora cavernosal inflow and outflow during early tumescence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwartz, A.N.; Graham, M.M.

1991-03-01

Combined technetium radioisotope penile plethysmography and xenon washout is a new technique that measures both corporal arterial inflow and venous sinusoidal outflow during early tumescence in patients with erectile dysfunction. Fourteen patients were studied using 99mTc-RBCs to measure inflow and 133Xe or 127Xe in saline to measure outflow. Tumescence was induced by injecting papaverine intracorporally. Peak corporal rates corrected for inflow (r = 0.88) and uncorrected for outflow (r = 0.91) and change in volume over 2 min centered around peak inflow (r = 0.96) all correlated with angiography. Outflow measurements did not correlate with intracorporal resistance. Thus, outflow ratesmore » alone could not be used to predict venous sinusoidal competence. Normal inflow rate is greater than 20 ml/min; probable normal 12-20; indeterminate inflow 7-12; and abnormal inflow less than 7 ml/min. Technetium-99m radioisotope penile plethysmography and xenon washout can be performed together and both provide a method for simultaneously evaluating the relationship between corporal inflow and outflow rates in patients with erectile dysfunction.« less

Technetium-99m generator system

DOEpatents

Mirzadeh, Saed; Knapp, Jr., Furn F.; Collins, Emory D.

1998-01-01

A .sup.99 Mo/.sup.99m Tc generator system includes a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing .sup.99 Mo. The sorbent column has an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column for concentrating .sup.99m Tc eluted from the sorbent column. A method of preparing a concentrated solution of .sup.99m Tc includes the general steps of: a. providing a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing .sup.99 Mo, the sorbent column having an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column; b. eluting the sorbent column with a salt solution to elute .sup.99m Tc from the sorbent and to trap and concentrate the eluted .sup.99m Tc on the ion-exchange column; and c. eluting the concentrated .sup.99m Tc from the ion-exchange column with a solution comprising a reductive complexing agent.

Technetium-99m generator system

DOEpatents

Mirzadeh, S.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Collins, E.D.

1998-06-30

A {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator system includes a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing {sup 99}Mo. The sorbent column has an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column for concentrating {sup 99m}Tc eluted from the sorbent column. A method of preparing a concentrated solution of {sup 99m}Tc includes the general steps of: (a) providing a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing {sup 99}Mo, the sorbent column having an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column; (b) eluting the sorbent column with a salt solution to elute {sup 99m}Tc from the sorbent and to trap and concentrate the eluted {sup 99m}Tc on the ion-exchange column; and (c) eluting the concentrated {sup 99m}Tc from the ion-exchange column with a solution comprising a reductive complexing agent. 1 fig.

Study of potential utility of new radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zeltchan, R., E-mail: r.zelchan@yandex.ru; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.

Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with {sup 99m}Tc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with {sup 99m}Tc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. The radioactivity in vials with normalmore » and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 min. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3 ± 0.15 MBq and 1.07 ± 0.6 MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.« less

Experimental study of radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose for tumor diagnosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Bragina, O.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V.; Dergilev, A.

2016-06-01

Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. Radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B 1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 minutes. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D- glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3±0.15MBq and 1.07±0.6MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio- D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

Study of potential utility of new radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V.

2016-08-01

Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. The radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25 MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 min. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3 ± 0.15 MBq and 1.07 ± 0.6 MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of 99mTc-Metronidazole as an Escherichia coli Infection Imaging Radiopharmaceutical.

PubMed

Iqbal, Anam; Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza; Rasheed, Rashid; Mansha, Asim; Ahmad, Matloob; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad

2018-05-01

Bacterial infection poses life-threatening challenge to humanity and stimulates to the researchers for developing better diagnostic and therapeutic agents complying with existing theranostic techniques. Nuclear medicine technique helps to visualize hard-to-diagnose deep-seated bacterial infections using radionuclide-labeled tracer agents. Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal antibiotic that serves as a preeminent anaerobic chemotherapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to develop technetium-99m-labeled metronidazole radiotracer for the detection of deep-seated bacterial infections. Radiosynthesis of 99m Tc-metronidazole was carried by reacting reduced technetium-99m and metronidazole at neutral pH for 30 min. The stannous chloride dihydrate was used as the reducing agent. At optimum radiolabeling conditions, ~ 94% radiochemical was obtained. Quality control analysis was carried out with a chromatographic paper and instant thin-layer chromatographic analysis. The biodistribution study of radiochemical was performed using Escherichia coli bacterial infection-induced rat model. The scintigraphic study was performed using E. coli bacterial infection-induced rabbit model. The results showed promising accumulation at the site of infection and its rapid clearance from the body. The tracer showed target-to-non-target ratio 5.57 ± 0.04 at 1 h post-injection. The results showed that 99m Tc-MNZ has promising potential to accumulate at E. coli bacterial infection that can be used for E. coli infection imaging.

Normal results of post-race thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in marathon runners with elevated serum MB creatine kinase levels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Siegel, A.J.; Silverman, L.M.; Holman, B.L.

1985-10-01

Elevated cardiac enzyme values in asymptomatic marathon runners after competition can arise from skeletal muscle through exertional rhabdomyolysis, silent injury to the myocardium, or a combined tissue source. Peak post-race levels of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase are similar to values in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Previously reported normal results of infarct-avid myocardial scintigraphy with technetium 99m pyrophosphate in runners after competition suggest a non-cardiac source but cannot exclude silent injury to the myocardium. Therefore, thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging was performed in runners immediately after competition together with determination of sequential cardiac enzyme levels. Among 15 runnersmore » tested, the average peak in serum MB creatine kinase 24 hours after the race was 128 IU/liter with a cumulative MB creatine kinase release of 117 IU/liter; these values are comparable to those in patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. Thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphic results were normal in five runners randomly selected from those who volunteered for determination of sequential blood levels. It is concluded that elevations of serum MB creatine kinase in marathon runners arise from a skeletal muscle source and that thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy is useful to assess runners for myocardial injury when clinical questions arise.« less

Biodistribution of free and encapsulated 99mTc-fluconazole in an infection model induced by Candida albicans.

PubMed

de Assis, Danielle Nogueira; Araújo, Raquel Silva; Fuscaldi, Leonardo Lima; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; Mosqueira, Vanessa Carla Furtado; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

2018-03-01

Candida spp is an etiologic agent of fungal infections in hospitals and resistance to treatment with antifungals has been extensively reported. Thus, it is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness with low toxicity. In this sense, nanocarriers have been investigated, once they modify drug biodistribution profile. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution of free and encapsulated 99m Tc-fluconazole into nanocapsules (NCs) in an experimental immunosuppressed murine model of Candida albicans infection. Fluconazole was radiolabeled with technetium-99 metastable ( 99m Tc) and encapsulated into conventional ( 99m Tc-Fluconazole-PLA-POLOX) and surface-modified ( 99m Tc-Fluconazole-PLA-PEG) NCs by the interfacial deposition of the preformed biodegradable polymer [poly (D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA-PEG (polyethyleneglycol)] followed by solvent evaporation. The size distribution and zeta potential of the NCs preparations were determined in a Zetasizer by photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler anemometry, respectively. Free and encapsulated 99m Tc-fluconazole were administered intravenously in immunosuppressed mice bearing a local infection induced by Candida Albicans inoculation in the right thigh muscle. At pre-established time intervals, tissues and organs of interest were removed and radioactivity was measured in an automatic gamma radiation counter. The NCs diameter was between 200 and 400 nm with negative zeta potential values. Free 99m Tc-fluconazole was more rapidly eliminated by the renal system compared to the encapsulated drug in NCs, which remained longer in blood circulation. The uptake of conventional NCs by mononuclear phagocyte system organs was higher than the one demonstrated by the surface-modified NCs. Both NCs remained longer in the infectious focus when compared to free 99m Tc-fluconazole, but the results did not show a significant difference between NC formulations. These data indicate that these NCs might represent a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of candidiasis, once they remain more time in the infectious focus, allowing high retention of 99m Tc-fluconazole at this site. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Targeted Imaging of the Spatial and Temporal Variation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Porcine Model of Post-Infarct Remodeling: Relationship to Myocardial Dysfunction

PubMed Central

Sahul, Zakir H.; Mukherjee, Rupak; Song, James; McAteer, Jarod; Stroud, Robert E.; Dione, Donald P.; Staib, Lawrence; Papademetris, Xenophon; Dobrucki, Lawrence W.; Duncan, James S.; Spinale, Francis G.; Sinusas, Albert J.

2011-01-01

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to modulate left ventricular (LV) remodeling after a myocardial infarction (MI). However, the temporal and spatial variation of MMP activation and their relationship to mechanical dysfunction post MI remains undefined. Methods and Results MI was surgically induced in pigs (n=23) and cine MR and dual isotope hybrid SPECT/CT imaging obtained using thallium-201 (201Tl) and a technetium-99m labeled MMP targeted tracer (99mTc-RP805) at 1, 2 and 4 weeks post MI along with controls (n=5). Regional myocardial strain was computed from MR images and related to MMP zymography and ex vivo myocardial 99mTc-RP805 retention. MMP activation as assessed by in vivo and ex vivo 99mTc-RP805 imaging/retention studies was increased nearly 5-fold within the infarct region at 1 week post-MI and remained elevated up to 1 month post-MI. The post-MI change in LV end-diastolic volumes was correlated with MMP activity (y=31.34e0.48x, p=0.04). MMP activity was increased within the border and remote regions early post-MI, but declined over 1 month. There was a high concordance between regional 99mTc-RP805 uptake and ex vivo MMP-2 activity. Conclusions A novel, multimodality non-invasive hybrid SPECT/CT imaging approach was validated and applied for in vivo evaluation of MMP activation in combination with cine MR analysis of LV deformation. Increased 99mTc-RP805 retention was seen throughout the heart early post-MI and was not purely a reciprocal of 201Tl perfusion. 99mTc-RP805 SPECT/CT imaging may provide unique information regarding regional myocardial MMP activation and predict late post-MI LV remodeling. PMID:21505092

Design and performance of an automated radionuclide separator: its application on the determination of ⁹⁹Tc in groundwater.

PubMed

Chung, Kun Ho; Choi, Sang Do; Choi, Geun Sik; Kang, Mun Ja

2013-11-01

A modular automated radionuclide separator for (99)Tc (MARS Tc-99) has been developed for the rapid and reproducible separation of technetium in groundwater samples. The control software of MARS Tc-99 was developed in the LabView programming language. An automated radiochemical method for separating (99)Tc was developed and validated by the purification of (99m)Tc tracer solution eluted from a commercial (99)Mo/(99m)Tc generator. The chemical recovery and analytical time for this radiochemical method were found to be 96 ± 2% and 81 min, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Immobilization and Limited Reoxidation of Technetium-99 by Fe(II)-Goethite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Um, Wooyong; Chang, Hyun-shik; Icenhower, Jonathan P.

2010-09-30

This report summarizes the methodology used to test the sequestration of technetium-99 present in both deionized water and simulated Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant waste solutions.

The bone scan.

PubMed

Brenner, Arnold I; Koshy, June; Morey, Jose; Lin, Cheryl; DiPoce, Jason

2012-01-01

Bone imaging continues to be the second greatest-volume nuclear imaging procedure, offering the advantage of total body examination, low cost, and high sensitivity. Its power rests in the physiological uptake and pathophysiologic behavior of 99m technetium (99m-Tc) diphosphonates. The diagnostic utility, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of 99m-Tc bone imaging for benign conditions and tumors was established when only planar imaging was available. Currently, nearly all bone scans are performed as a planar study (whole-body, 3-phase, or regional), with the radiologist often adding single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Here we review many current indications for planar bone imaging, highlighting indications in which the planar data are often diagnostically sufficient, although diagnosis may be enhanced by SPECT. (18)F sodium fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) is also re-emerging as a bone agent, and had been considered interchangeable with 99m-Tc diphosphonates in the past. In addition to SPECT, new imaging modalities, including (18)F fluorodeoxyglucose, PET/CT, CT, magnetic resonance, and SPECT/CT, have been developed and can aid in evaluating benign and malignant bone disease. Because (18)F fluorodeoxyglucose is taken up by tumor cells and Tc diphosphonates are taken up in osteoblastic activity or osteoblastic healing reaction, both modalities are complementary. CT and magnetic resonance may supplement, but do not replace, bone imaging, which often detects pathology before anatomic changes are appreciated. We also stress the importance of dose reduction by reducing the dose of 99m-Tc diphosphonates and avoiding unnecessary CT acquisitions. In addition, we describe an approach to image interpretation that emphasizes communication with referring colleagues and correlation with appropriate history to significantly improve our impact on patient care. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Vadose Zone Sediment: Borehole 299-E33-46 Near Tank B-110 in the B-BX-BY Waste Management Area.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Serne, R. Jeffrey; Bjornstad, Bruce N.; Gee, Glendon W.

2002-12-15

This report presents vadose sediment characterization data that improves understanding of the nature and extent of past releases in the B tank farm. A vertical borehole, located approximately 15 ft (5 m) from the northeast edge of single-shell tank 241-B-110 was drilled to a total depth of 264.4 ft bgs, the groundwater table was encountered at 255.8 ft bgs. During drilling, a total of 3 two-ft long, 4-inch diameter split-spoon core samples were collected between 10 and 254 ft bgs-an average of every 7.5 ft. Grab samples were collected between these core sample intervals to yield near continuous samples tomore » a depth of 78.3 m (257 ft). Geologic logging occurred after each core segment was emptied into an open plastic container, followed by photographing and sub-sampling for physical and chemical characterization. In addition, 54 out of a total of 120 composite grab samples were opened, sub-sampled, logged, and photographed. Immediately following the geologic examination, the core and selected grab samples were sub-sampled for moisture content, gamma-emission radiocounting, tritium and strontium-90 determinations, total carbon and inorganic carbon content, and 8 M nitric acid extracts (which provide a measure of the total leachable sediment content of contaminants) and one-to-one sediment to water extracts (which provide soil pH, electrical conductivity, cation, and anion data and water soluble contaminant data. Later, additional aliquots of selected sleeves or grab samples were removed to measure particle size distribution and mineralogy and to squeeze porewater. Major conclusions follow. Vadose zone contamination levels were lower than generally anticipated prior to the initiation of the field investigation. Strong evidence of extensive vadose zone lateral migration in WMA BBXBY exists. There are indications that such lateral migration may have extended into WMA B-BX-BY from adjacent past practice discharge sites. Ponding of runoff from natural precipitation in the WMA may have added significant amounts of spatially confined infiltration. Borehole soil characterization has identified strontium-90 and technetium-99 as the two main radionuclides underneath tank B-110. The Sr-90 data indicate limited future mobility unless abnormally high amounts of infiltration occur. Neither technetium-99 nor strontium-90 is expected to significantly impact groundwater in the current moisture and geochemical environment below the B Tank Farm. At borehole 299-E33-46 (near tank B-110), strontium 90 was found down to 26 m (85 ft) bgs with strontium 90 values up to 11,250 pCi/g of sediment. Other tank wastes contaminants (e.g., nitrate) were found down to 69 m (200 ft) bgs. The strontium-90 was immobile under the current ionic regime in the pore water. Technetium-99 releases into the vadose zone near tank B-110 from a transfer line leak appear to be inconsequential. Technetium-99 does not occur above detection limits in the upper parts of the vadose zone where other tank waste constituents (e.g., strontium-90, fluoride, carbonate, and nitrate) are present. Technetium-99 is present in a few soil samples in the PlioPleistocene unit. This unit appears to be an effective conduit for lateral migration and the presence of technetium-99 is postulated to have another source.« less

Myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m SQ30217: Comparison with thallium-201 and coronary anatomy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seldin, D.W.; Johnson, L.L.; Blood, D.K.

1989-03-01

Myocardial perfusion in ten normal volunteers and 20 patients with coronary artery disease documented by recent coronary arteriography was studied with 99mTc-labeled SQ30217 and /sup 201/TI. Plantar /sup 201/TI imaging followed standard treadmill exercise and planar SQ30217 imaging followed upright bicycle exercise, performed to angina, or the same double product achieved on the treadmill test. Upright anterior, 30 degrees left anterior oblique, and 60 degrees left anterior oblique images were obtained for 3, 6, and 9 min, respectively, starting 2 min after injection of 15 mCi of 99mTc SQ30217. A second 15-mCi dose was injected at rest approximately 2 hrmore » later, and the same imaging protocol was followed. No adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities attributable to SQ30217 were observed. All scans on the normal volunteers were interpreted as normal. Qualitative readings of both tests were equally sensitive for detecting patients with coronary disease (SQ30217 - 16/20, TI - 17/20, p = NS) and identifying abnormal vessels (SQ30217 - 19/45, TI - 21/45, p = NS). Both agents were falsely positive in 1/15 vessels. Ten vascular regions showed persistent abnormalities on resting SQ30217 scans; eight of these were distal to stenoses of at least 90% and three were also abnormal on thallium redistribution images. Hepatic uptake of SQ30217 obscured inferoapical segments in some views in 14/20 patients but did not interfere with abnormal vessel identification.« less

Cortical perfusion response to an electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in profoundly deaf patients: study with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography.

PubMed

Le Scao, Y; Robier, A; Baulieu, J L; Beutter, P; Pourcelot, L

1992-01-01

Brain activation procedures associated with single photon emission tomography (SPET) have recently been developed in healthy controls and diseased patients in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the effects of a promontory test (PT) on the cerebral distribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) in 7 profoundly deaf patients, 6 PT+ and one PT-. The count variation in the temporal lobe was calculated on 6 coronal slices using the ratio (Rstimulation-Rdeprivation)/Rdeprivation where R = counts in the temporal lobe/whole-brain count. A count increase in the temporal lobe was observed in all patients and was higher in all patients with PT+ than in the patient with PT-. The problems of head positioning and resolution of the system were taken into account, and we considered that the maximal count increment was related to the auditory cortex response to the stimulus. Further clinical investigations with high-resolution systems have to be performed in order to validate this presurgery test in cochlear implant assessment.

Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine clearance: reference values for infants and children.

PubMed

Schofer, O; König, G; Bartels, U; Bockisch, A; Piepenburg, R; Beetz, R; Meyer, G; Hahn, K

1995-11-01

Six hundred and thirty-nine clearance studies performed in children aged 7 days to 19 years utilizing technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG 3) were retrospectively analysed. Standardized conditions for the investigation included: parenteral hydration (60 ml/hxm2 body surface) in addition to normal oral fluid intake, weight-related dose of 99mTc-MAG 3 (1 MBq/kg body weight, minimum 15 MBq) and calculation of clearance according to Bubeck et al. Of the 513 children, 169 included in this analysis could be classified as "normal" with regard to their renal function. Normal kidney function was judged by the following criteria: normal GFR for age, normal tubular function (absence of proteinuria and glucosuria), normal renal parenchyma (on ultrasonography, MAG 3 scan and intravenous pyelography), absence of significant obstruction and gross reflux (>grade I), no single kidney and no difference in split renal function >20%. Results showed increasing MAG 3 clearance values for infants during the first months of life, reaching the normal range for older children and adults between 7 and 12 months.

Gastric air contrast: useful adjunct to hepatic artery scintigraphy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wahl, R.L.; Ziessman, H.A.; Juni, J.

The utility of scintigraphic views obtained after administration of sodium bicarbonate-citric acid-simethicone crystals (E-Z-GAS) for the determination of gastric extrahepatic perfusion was evaluated in 20 technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin hepatic arterial perfusion studies performed in 19 patients. These crystals produce carbon dioxide gas, distend the stomach, and allow better delineation of gastric activity (extrahepatic perfusion to the stomach). Conversely, a lack of change in activity in the left upper quadrant after the effervescent crystals have been ingested suggests no gastric activity (and no extrahepatic perfusion to the stomach). These air-contrast views added useful information in 16 of 20 studies. Air contrastmore » views of the stomach can be extremely helpful in verifying or excluding the diagnosis of gastric extrahepatic perfusion on technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin hepatic arterial perfusion studies.« less

Selective Internal Radiotherapy (SIRT) of Hepatic Tumors: How to Deal with the Cystic Artery

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Theysohn, Jens M., E-mail: jens.theysohn@uni-due.de; Mueller, Stefan; Schlaak, Joerg F.

2013-08-01

PurposeSelective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) with the beta emitter yttrium-90 (Y90) is a rapidly developing therapy option for unresectable liver malignancies. Nontarget irradiation of the gallbladder is a complication of SIRT. Thus, we aimed to assess different strategies to avoid infusion of Y90 into the cystic artery (CA).MethodsAfter hepatic digital subtraction angiography and administration of technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin ({sup 99}mTc-HSA), 295 patients with primary or secondary liver tumors underwent single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Different measures were taken before repeated Y90 mapping and SIRT to avoid unintended influx into the CA where necessary. Clinical symptoms, including pain, fever, ormore » a positive Murphy sign, were assessed during patient follow-up.ResultsA significant {sup 99}mTc-HSA accumulation in the gallbladder wall (higher {sup 99}mTc-HSA uptake than in normal liver tissue) was seen in 20 patients. The following measures were taken to avoid unintended influx into the CA: temporary/permanent occlusion of the CA with gelfoam (n = 5)/microcoil (n = 1), induction of vasospasm with a microwire (n = 4), or altering catheter position (n = 10). Clinical signs of cholecystitis were observed in only one patient after temporary CA occlusion with gelfoam and were successfully treated by antibiotics. Cholecystectomy was not required for any patient.ConclusionIt is important to identify possible nontarget irradiation of the gallbladder. The risk for radiation-induced cholecystitis can be easily minimized by temporary or permanent CA embolization, vasospasm induction, or altering the catheter position.« less

Reduction in clonogenic survival of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS)-positive cells following intracellular uptake of (99m)Tc versus (188)Re.

PubMed

Freudenberg, Robert; Wendisch, Maria; Runge, Roswitha; Wunderlich, Gerd; Kotzerke, Jörg

2012-12-01

Cellular radionuclide uptake increases the heterogeneity of absorbed dose to biological structures. Dose increase depends on uptake yield and emission characteristics of radioisotopes. We used an in vitro model to compare the impact of cellular uptake of (188)Re-perrhenate and (99m)Tc-pertechnetate on cellular survival. Rat thyroid PC Cl3 cells in culture were incubated with (188)Re or (99m)Tc in the presence or absence of perchlorate for 1 hour. Clonogenic cell survival was measured by colony formation. In addition, intracellular radionuclide uptake was quantified. Dose effect curves were established for (188)Re and (99m)Tc for various extra- and intracellular distributions of the radioactivity. In the presence of perchlorate, no uptake of radionuclides was detected and (188)Re reduced cell survival more efficiently than (99m)Tc. A(37), the activity that is necessary to yield 37% cell survival was 14 MBq/ml for (188)Re and 480 MBq/ml for (99m)Tc. In the absence of perchlorate, both radionuclides showed similar uptakes; however, A(37) was reduced by 30% for the beta-emitter and by 95% for (99m)Tc. The dose D(37) that yields 37% cell survival was between 2.3 and 2.8 Gy for both radionuclides. Uptake of (188)Re and (99m)Tc decreased cell survival. Intracellular (99m)Tc yielded a dose increase that was higher compared to (188)Re due to emitted Auger and internal conversion-electrons. Up to 5 Gy there was no difference in radiotoxicity of (188)Re and (99m)Tc. At doses higher than 5 Gy intracellular (99m)Tc became less radiotoxic than (188)Re, probably due to a non-uniform lognormal radionuclide uptake.

Development and study of 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose for visualization of malignant tumors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Bragina, O.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Skuridin, V.

2017-09-01

The preclinical studies of 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose, a new tumor-seeking agent based on technetium-99m-labeled glucose derivative, were conducted, and the feasibility of using this radiopharmaceutical for tumor visualization was studied. The preclinical studies were carried out strictly in accordance with the local legislation and were regulated by the generally accepted research standards. 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose was found to have optimal pharmacokinetic and physico-chemical properties for diagnostic imaging and was proved to belong to the low-toxic substances. The potential utility of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose for tumor imaging was studied in vitro and in vivo models. The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization.

Quantitative bone and 67Ga scintigraphy in the differentiation of necrotizing external otitis from severe external otitis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uri, N.; Gips, S.; Front, A.

1991-06-01

Qualitative technetium Tc 99m bone scintigraphy using phosphate compounds and gallium 67 scintigraphy were described as a helpful means in diagnosing necrotizing external otitis (NEO). They were, however, claimed to be nonspecific. Quantitative Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and gallium 67 scintigraphy were performed in eight patients with NEO and in 20 patients with severe external otitis, in order to prove usefulness of scintigraphy in the diagnosis of NEO. Ratios of lesion to nonlesion for bone scintigraphy were 1.67 {plus minus} 0.16 in patients with NEO and 1.08 {plus minus} 0.09 in patients with severe external otitis, and formore » gallium 67 scintigraphy they were 1.35 {plus minus} 0.24 in NEO patients and 1.05 {plus minus} 0.03 in patients with severe external otitis. There was no difference in uptake between diabetic patients with severe external otitis and nondiabetic patients. The scintigraphic studies were also evaluated using a qualitative scoring method (scores 0 to +4), according to the intensity of the radiopharmaceutical uptake. This method was found to be inferior in the diagnosis of NEO compared with the quantitative method. We conclude that lesion-to-nonlesion ratios greater than 1.5 and 1.3 on bone and gallium 67 scintigraphy, respectively, are indicative of NEO. Quantitative bone scintigraphy, which is quicker to perform, may be used as a single imaging modality for the diagnosis of NEO.« less

99mTc-D(LPR): A novel retro-inverso peptide for VEGF receptor-1 targeted tumor imaging.

PubMed

Rezazadeh, Farzaneh; Sadeghzadeh, Nourollah; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Abediankenari, Saeid

2018-05-31

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of D (LPR), a novel retro-inverso peptidomimetic derivative for imaging colon cancer. Two different D (LPR) analogs were designed and compared based on conjugation of HYNIC at peptide's C or N terminal and then labeled with technetium-99m using tricine/EDDA as an exchange coligands. The radiolabeled conjugates were assessed for in vitro stability in saline and serum. The VEGFR-1 and NRP-1 receptors affinity, in vitro internalization and also dissociation Constance was evaluated. SPCET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in nude mice bearing HT-29 xenograft tumors. Both peptides labeled with technetium-99m in high radiochemical yield (˃97%). Peptide stability studies indicated a high metabolic stability of the radiopeptides in solution and serum. In vitro blocking studies demonstrated specific binding and internalization of [ 99m Tc]Tc-HYNIC-peptides in cultured HUVEC cells. The K d value for 99m Tc-peptide 1 and 99m Tc-peptide 2 were found to be 56.8 ± 12.9 nM and 71.6 ± 17.9 nM respectively. The tumor to muscle ratio was significant at 0.5 and 1 h after injection (4.5 and 4 for 99m Tc-peptide 1 and 4.9 and 4.4 for 99m Tc-peptide 2 at 0.5 and 1 h p.i. respectively). SPECT imaging studies revealed that both radioconjugates had prominent activity accumulation in VEGFR-1 and NRP-1 expressing HT-29 tumors. This study is the first instance of using a radiolabeled retro-inverso peptide for tumor imaging which is a promising tool to improve the performance of fragile peptide probes in vivo as imaging agents and warrant further investigations in other peptide-target systems. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

99M-technetium labeled macroaggregated human serum albumin pharmaceutical

DOEpatents

Winchell, Harry S.; Barak, Morton; Van Fleet, III, Parmer

1977-05-17

A reagent comprising macroaggregated human serum albumin having dispersed therein particles of stannous tin and a method for instantly making a labeled pharmaceutical therefrom, are disclosed. The labeled pharmaceutical is utilized in organ imaging.

Bilateral stress fracture of the fibulae and periostitis of the tibiae.

PubMed

Tsuchie, Hiroyuki; Okada, Kyoji; Nagasawa, Hiroyuki; Chida, Shuichi; Shimada, Yoichi

2010-01-01

This study describes a unique case of bilateral stress fractures of the fibulae and provides a literature review. A 16-year-old female badminton player presented with pain around the bilateral distal lateral legs. She had mild bilateral varus deformity at the knee joint, and the bilateral ankles showed valgus deformity in standing posture. Radiographs and computed tomography showed periosteal reactions on the bilateral distal fibulae. Technetium-99m bone scintigraphy demonstrated increased uptake in the bilateral distal fibulae and the bilateral middle third of the tibiae. A diagnosis of bilateral distal fibular stress fractures was made. She was advised to stop playing badminton until the symptoms disappeared. Varus deformity of the knee and valgus deformity of the ankle may have influenced the mechanism underlying bilateral symmetric stress fractures. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Technetium-99m thyroid scan; does it have a diagnostic aid in sub-clinical auto-immune thyroid disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients?

PubMed

Amin, A; Alkemary, A; Abdo, M; Salama, M

2016-02-01

Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) thyroid scintigraphy is a well known diagnostic tool that shows the entire gland in a single image. We aimed to evaluate its additive diagnostic value in subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease (S-AITD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We investigated 100 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without overt thyroid involvement (eight men and 92 women; mean age 40±6.5 years) and 50 age and sex matched controls. All were subjected to thyroid evaluation using anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies; hormones (FT3; FT4 and TSH) and Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy. 14/100 (14%) and none (0%) were positive for S-AITD in SLE and control groups, respectively (P = 0.0001). They were classified by thyroid scintigraphy and hormonal profile into 2/14 Hashimoto; 10/14 atrophic thyroiditis and 2/14 Graves' disease. Anti-TPO was elevated in 12 SLE cases, while anti-TG was elevated in only 2/14 (P = 0.0001). Thyroid scintigraphy showed statistically significant associations with FT4, TSH and anti-TPO. Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy may have an additional diagnostic role in S-AITD among SLE patients, with an impact on patient management. This potential needs to be further evaluated in a larger series on a multicenter basis. © The Author(s) 2015.

Effects of positive expiratory pressure on pulmonary clearance of aerosolized technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in healthy individuals

PubMed Central

de Albuquerque, Isabella Martins; Cardoso, Dannuey Machado; Masiero, Paulo Ricardo; Paiva, Dulciane Nunes; Resqueti, Vanessa Regiane; Fregonezi, Guilherme Augusto de Freitas; Menna-Barreto, Sérgio Saldanha

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) on pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability in healthy subjects. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 30 healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 28.3 ± 5.4 years, a mean FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.89 ± 0.14, and a mean FEV1 of 98.5 ± 13.1% of predicted. Subjects underwent technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy in two stages: during spontaneous breathing; and while breathing through a PEP mask at one of three PEP levels-10 cmH2O (n = 10), 15 cmH2O (n = 10), and 20 cmH2O (n = 10). The 99mTc-DTPA was nebulized for 3 min, and its clearance was recorded by scintigraphy over a 30-min period during spontaneous breathing and over a 30-min period during breathing through a PEP mask. Results: The pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was significantly shorter when PEP was applied-at 10 cmH2O (p = 0.044), 15 cmH2O (p = 0.044), and 20 cmH2O (p = 0.004)-in comparison with that observed during spontaneous breathing. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PEP, at the levels tested, is able to induce an increase in pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability and lung volume in healthy subjects. PMID:28117469

Discordant hepatic uptake between Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m DISIDA in hypervitaminosis A

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vincent, L.M.; McCartney, W.H.; Mauro, M.A.

1984-02-01

Scintigraphic findings in a patient with biopsy-proven hypervitaminosis A included markedly impaired hepatic uptake of Tc-99m sulfur colloid but essentially normal uptake of Tc-99m DISIDA. This case presents a potential cause for image discordance with these two agents.

Real-time gamma imaging of technetium transport through natural and engineered porous materials for radioactive waste disposal.

PubMed

Corkhill, Claire L; Bridge, Jonathan W; Chen, Xiaohui C; Hillel, Phil; Thornton, Steve F; Romero-Gonzalez, Maria E; Banwart, Steven A; Hyatt, Neil C

2013-12-03

We present a novel methodology for determining the transport of technetium-99m, a γ-emitting metastable isomer of (99)Tc, through quartz sand and porous media relevant to the disposal of nuclear waste in a geological disposal facility (GDF). Quartz sand is utilized as a model medium, and the applicability of the methodology to determine radionuclide transport in engineered backfill cement is explored using the UK GDF candidate backfill cement, Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), in a model system. Two-dimensional distributions in (99m)Tc activity were collected at millimeter-resolution using decay-corrected gamma camera images. Pulse-inputs of ~20 MBq (99m)Tc were introduced into short (<10 cm) water-saturated columns at a constant flow of 0.33 mL min(-1). Changes in calibrated mass distribution of (99m)Tc at 30 s intervals, over a period of several hours, were quantified by spatial moments analysis. Transport parameters were fitted to the experimental data using a one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation, yielding transport properties for this radionuclide in a model GDF environment. These data demonstrate that (99)Tc in the pertechnetate form (Tc(VII)O4(-)) does not sorb to cement backfill during transport under model conditions, resulting in closely conservative transport behavior. This methodology represents a quantitative development of radiotracer imaging and offers the opportunity to conveniently and rapidly characterize transport of gamma-emitting isotopes in opaque media, relevant to the geological disposal of nuclear waste and potentially to a wide variety of other subsurface environments.

Real-Time Gamma Imaging of Technetium Transport through Natural and Engineered Porous Materials for Radioactive Waste Disposal

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

We present a novel methodology for determining the transport of technetium-99m, a γ-emitting metastable isomer of 99Tc, through quartz sand and porous media relevant to the disposal of nuclear waste in a geological disposal facility (GDF). Quartz sand is utilized as a model medium, and the applicability of the methodology to determine radionuclide transport in engineered backfill cement is explored using the UK GDF candidate backfill cement, Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), in a model system. Two-dimensional distributions in 99mTc activity were collected at millimeter-resolution using decay-corrected gamma camera images. Pulse-inputs of ∼20 MBq 99mTc were introduced into short (<10 cm) water-saturated columns at a constant flow of 0.33 mL min–1. Changes in calibrated mass distribution of 99mTc at 30 s intervals, over a period of several hours, were quantified by spatial moments analysis. Transport parameters were fitted to the experimental data using a one-dimensional convection–dispersion equation, yielding transport properties for this radionuclide in a model GDF environment. These data demonstrate that 99Tc in the pertechnetate form (Tc(VII)O4–) does not sorb to cement backfill during transport under model conditions, resulting in closely conservative transport behavior. This methodology represents a quantitative development of radiotracer imaging and offers the opportunity to conveniently and rapidly characterize transport of gamma-emitting isotopes in opaque media, relevant to the geological disposal of nuclear waste and potentially to a wide variety of other subsurface environments. PMID:24147650

Techniques for Loading Technetium-99m and Rhenium-186/188 Radionuclides into Preformed Liposomes for Diagnostic Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy.

PubMed

Goins, Beth; Bao, Ande; Phillips, William T

2017-01-01

Liposomes can serve as carriers of radionuclides for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. Herein, procedures are outlined for radiolabeling liposomes with the gamma-emitting radionuclide, technetium-99m ( 99m Tc), for noninvasive detection of disease and for monitoring the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomal drugs, and/or with therapeutic beta-emitting radionuclides, rhenium-186/188 ( 186/188 Re), for radionuclide therapy. These efficient and practical liposome radiolabeling methods use a post-labeling mechanism to load 99m Tc or 186/188 Re into preformed liposomes prepared in advance of the labeling procedure. For all liposome radiolabeling methods described, a lipophilic chelator is used to transport 99m Tc or 186/188 Re across the lipid bilayer of the preformed liposomes. Once within the liposome interior, the pre-encapsulated glutathione or ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient provides for stable entrapment of the 99m Tc and 186/188 Re within the liposomes. In the first method, 99m Tc is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and 99m Tc-HMPAO becomes trapped by interaction with the pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the second method, 99m Tc or 186/188 Re is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), and 99m Tc-BMEDA or 186/188 Re-BMEDA becomes trapped by interaction with pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the third method, an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient loading technique is employed using liposomes with an extraliposomal pH of 7.4 and an interior pH of 5.1. BMEDA, which is lipophilic at pH 7.4, serves as a lipophilic chelator for 99m Tc or 186/188 Re to transport the radionuclides across the lipid bilayer. Once within the more acidic liposome interior, 99m Tc/ 186/188 Re-BMEDA complex becomes protonated and more hydrophilic, which results in stable entrapment of the 99m Tc/ 186/188 Re-BMEDA complex within the liposomes. Since many commercially available liposomal drugs use an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient for drug loading, these liposomal drugs can be directly radiolabeled with 99m Tc-BMEDA for noninvasive monitoring of tissue distribution during treatment or with 186/188 Re-BMEDA for combination chemo-radionuclide therapy.

Predictive Value of 99mTc-MAA SPECT for 90Y-Labeled Resin Microsphere Distribution in Radioembolization of Primary and Secondary Hepatic Tumors.

PubMed

Ilhan, Harun; Goritschan, Anna; Paprottka, Philipp; Jakobs, Tobias F; Fendler, Wolfgang P; Todica, Andrei; Bartenstein, Peter; Hacker, Marcus; Haug, Alexander R

2015-11-01

This study analyzed the predictive value of (99m)Tc-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m)Tc-MAA) SPECT for (90)Y-labeled resin microsphere therapy (radioembolization) by comparing uptake on pretherapeutic (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT with uptake on posttherapeutic (90)Y-bremsstrahlung SPECT. We included 502 patients (55% male; mean age ± SD, 62 ± 11 y) who underwent radioembolization between 2005 and 2013 because of primary or secondary liver malignancies (colorectal cancer [n = 195, 38.8%], neuroendocrine tumors [n = 77, 15.3%], breast cancer [n = 68, 13.5%], hepatocellular carcinoma [n = 59, 11.8%], cholangiocellular carcinoma [n = 40, 8.0%], or urologic tumors [n = 14, 2.8%]). Manually drawn regions of interest around tumors and adjacent healthy liver tissue for up to 3 lesions per patient on (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y-bremsstrahlung scans were used to quantify mean counts per pixel and evaluate the mean tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Data were given as mean ± SD. Additionally, uptake in lesions on (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y-bremsstrahlung scans was graded visually as homogeneously higher than (grade 1), heterogeneously higher than (grade 2), equal to (grade 3), or lower than (grade 4) uptake in normal liver tissue. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used to evaluate statistically significant differences between (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y-bremsstrahlung SPECT. In total, 1,008 lesions were analyzed. Of the 23% (230/1,008) of lesions that had grade 1 uptake on (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT, 81% (186/230) remained grade 1 after radioembolization whereas 16% (37/230) were grade 2. Of the lesions with grade 2 uptake on (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT, 16% had grade 1 uptake and 82% grade 2 uptake after radioembolization. Of the lesions with grade 3 uptake, however, 27% had grade 1 uptake and 47% grade 2 uptake after radioembolization. Even among the lesions with grade 4 uptake on (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT, 21% had grade 1 uptake and 46% grade 2 uptake after radioembolization. The mean TBR on (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y-bremsstrahlung SPECT showed a significant, though low, correlation in the total population (r = 0.26; P < 0.001) and in hepatocellular carcinoma (r = 0.4; P < 0.001), cholangiocellular carcinoma (r = 0.3; P < 0.05), breast cancer (r = 0.3; P < 0.001), colorectal cancer (r = 0.2; P < 0.001), and neuroendocrine tumors (r = 0.2; P < 0.01). Although significant for most lesions, the correlation between (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y-microsphere mean TBR was low. Classifying uptake into 4 grades revealed that lesions with high uptake on (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT maintain high uptake within radioembolization. More than 60% of lesions with a pretherapeutically lower uptake than in healthy liver tissue, however, showed high uptake within radioembolization. Patients with low tumor uptake on pretherapeutic (99m)Tc-MAA imaging should not be excluded from radioembolization. © 2015 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

Diffusion of 99-technetium in compacted bentonite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Večerník, P.; Jedináková-Křížová, V.

2006-01-01

The main aim of this study was to investigate diffusion of technetium 99Tc under different conditions. Because technetium represents one of the most dangerous fission products due to its very long halftime and high mobility in aerobic conditions diffusion experiments of technetium (as 99TcO 4 - anion) in Czech bentonite from Rokle locality have been carried out. For performance and evaluation of experiments the through-diffusion method was chosen and apparent (Da) and effective (De) diffusion coefficients were evaluated. The effects of particle mesh-size, dry bulk density and aerobic or anaerobic conditions on diffusion were studied. In the presence of oxygen, technetium occurs in oxidation state VII, as an anion, soluble and mobile in the environment. However, under reducing conditions it occurs in a lower oxidation states, mainly as insoluble oxides or hydroxides. Aerobic experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions and anaerobic experiments were performed in a nitrogen atmosphere in a glove box, to simulate the real underground conditions.

Assessment of the direct cyclotron production of (99m)Tc: An approach to crisis management of (99m)Tc shortage.

PubMed

Rovais, Mohammad Reza Aboudzadeh; Aardaneh, Khosro; Aslani, Gholamreza; Rahiminejad, Ali; Yousefi, Kamran; Boulouri, Fatemeh

2016-06-01

Nowadays, the cyclotron production of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) has been increased, due to the worldwide (99m)Tc generator shortage. In the present work, an improved strategy for the production of (99m)Tc, using the proton irradiation of the enriched (100)Mo was developed. The performance of this method in terms of the production yield, chemical purity, radiochemical purity, as well as radionuclide purity was evaluated. The average production yield was measured to be 356MBqμA(-1)h(-1). A good agreement was found between the calculated production yield and the experimental one. The radiochemical separation and total recovery yields of (99m)Tc were 92% and 69%, respectively. The radiochemical and the radionuclide purities of the (99m)Tc were 99% and >99.99% at the end of purification, respectively. The results of quality control tests (QC) support the concept that cyclotron-produced (99m)Tc is suitable for preparation of USP-compliant. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy

PubMed Central

Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Uccelli, Licia

2017-01-01

The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188Re is readily available from an 188W/188Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications. PMID:28106830

188Re(V) Nitrido Radiopharmaceuticals for Radionuclide Therapy.

PubMed

Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Uccelli, Licia

2017-01-19

The favorable nuclear properties of rhenium-188 for therapeutic application are described, together with new methods for the preparation of high yield and stable 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals characterized by the presence of the nitride rhenium core in their final chemical structure. 188 Re is readily available from an 188 W/ 188 Re generator system and a parallelism between the general synthetic procedures applied for the preparation of nitride technetium-99m and rhenium-188 theranostics radiopharmaceuticals is reported. Although some differences between the chemical characteristics of the two metallic nitrido fragments are highlighted, it is apparent that the same general procedures developed for the labelling of biologically active molecules with technetium-99m can be applied to rhenium-188 with minor modification. The availability of these chemical strategies, that allow the obtainment, in very high yield and in physiological condition, of 188 Re radiopharmaceuticals, gives a new attractive prospective to employ this radionuclide for therapeutic applications.

Targeted Nuclear Imaging Probes for Cardiac Amyloidosis.

PubMed

Bravo, Paco E; Dorbala, Sharmila

2017-07-01

The aim of the present manuscript is to review the latest advancements of radionuclide molecular imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of individuals with cardiac amyloidosis. 99m Technetium labeled bone tracer scintigraphy had been known to image cardiac amyloidosis, since the 1980s; over the past decade, bone scintigraphy has been revived specifically to diagnose transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. 18 F labeled and 11 C labeled amyloid binding radiotracers developed for imaging Alzheimer's disease, have been repurposed since 2013, to image light chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. 99m Technetium bone scintigraphy for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, and amyloid binding targeted PET imaging for light chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, are emerging as highly accurate methods. Targeted radionuclide imaging may soon replace endomyocardial biopsy in the evaluation of patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis. Further research is warranted on the role of targeted imaging to quantify cardiac amyloidosis and to guide therapy.

Direct comparison of solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a carbon isotope-labeled sodium acetate breath test and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy in healthy cats.

PubMed

Schmitz, Silke; Götte, Birte; Borsch, Christian; Kunz, Clemens; Failing, Klaus; Neiger, Reto

2014-07-01

To directly compare solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a [(13)C]sodium acetate breath test ([(13)C]-SABT) and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy ((99m)Tc-ACR) in healthy cats. 12 healthy cats. After ingestion of a test meal containing 50 mg of [(13)C]sodium acetate and 250 MBq of (99m)Tc-albumin colloid, each cat underwent simultaneous [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR on 2 consecutive days. Breath samples and scintigrams were acquired at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360, 480, and 600 minutes after meal ingestion. Quartiles of gastric emptying (25%, 50%, and 75%) were calculated for breath test analysis by use of the area under the curve of the (13)C:(12)C ratio. Quartiles of gastric emptying times were extrapolated from the scintigraphic findings by beans of nonlinear curve regression analysis. Mean ± SD gastric half-emptying (50%) times obtained with [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR, were 239 ± 28 minutes and 276 ± 59 minutes, respectively. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that mean gastric emptying times determined with [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR differed significantly. For the stages of gastric emptying, Pearson correlation between the 2 methods was good at 25% (r = 0.655) and weak at 50% (r = 0.588) and 75% (r = 0.566)of gastric emptying. Results indicated that the [(13)C]-SABT can be a valid alternative to (99m)Tc-ACR in healthy cats; it was easy to perform, was tolerated well by the cats, and had acceptable correlation to scintigraphic findings at gastric emptying of 25%, 50% and 75%. Studies in cats with delayed gastric emptying will be needed to verify the validity of the [(13)C]-SABT.

Characterization of TCP-1 probes for molecular imaging of colon cancer.

PubMed

Liu, Zhonglin; Gray, Brian D; Barber, Christy; Bernas, Michael; Cai, Minying; Furenlid, Lars R; Rouse, Andrew; Patel, Charmi; Banerjee, Bhaskar; Liang, Rongguang; Gmitro, Arthur F; Witte, Marlys H; Pak, Koon Y; Woolfenden, James M

2016-10-10

Molecular probes capable of detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) are needed for early CRC diagnosis. The objective of this study was to characterize c[CTPSPFSHC]OH (TCP-1), a small peptide derived from phage display selection, for targeting human CRC xenografts using technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled TCP-1 and fluorescent cyanine-7 (Cy7)-labeled form of the peptide (Cy7-TCP-1). (99m)Tc-TCP-1 was generated by modifying TCP-1 with succinimidyl-6-hydrazino-nicotinamide (S-HYNIC) followed by radiolabeling. In vitro saturation binding experiments were performed for (99m)Tc-TCP-1 in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. SCID mice with human HCT116 cancer xenografts were imaged with (99m)Tc-TCP-1 or control peptide using a small-animal SPECT imager: Group I (n=5) received no blockade; Group II (n=5) received a blocking dose of non-radiolabeled TCP-1. Group III (n=5) were imaged with (99m)Tc-labeled control peptide (inactive peptide). SCID mice with human PC3 prostate cancer xenografts (Group IV, n=5) were also imaged with (99m)Tc-TCP-1. Eight additional SCID mice bearing HCT116 xenografts in dorsal skinfold window chambers (DSWC) were imaged by direct positron imaging of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) and fluorescence microscopy of Cy7-TCP-1. In vitro(99m)Tc-HYNIC-TCP-1 binding assays on HCT 116 cells indicated a mean Kd of 3.04±0.52nM. In cancer xenografts, (99m)Tc-TCP-1 radioactivity (%ID/g) was 1.01±0.15 in the absence of blockade and was reduced to 0.26±0.04 (P<0.01) with blockade. No radioactive uptake was observed in the PC3 tumors with (99m)Tc-TCP-1 or HCT116 tumors with inactive peptide. Cy7-TCP-1 activity localized not only in metabolically active tumors, as defined by (18)F-FDG imaging, but also in peritumoral microvasculature. In conclusion, TCP-1 probes may have a distinct targeting mechanism with high selectivity for CRC and tumor-associated vasculature. Molecular imaging with TCP-1 probes appears promising to detect malignant colorectal lesions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

LABORATORY REPORT ON THE REMOVAL OF PERTECHNETATE FROM TANK 241-AN-105 SIMULANT USING PUROLITE A530E

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DUNCAN JB; HAGERTY KJ, MOORE WP; JOHNSON JM

2012-04-17

This report documents the laboratory testing and analyses as directed under the test plan, LAB-PLN-11-00010, Evaluation of Technetium Ion Exchange Material against Hanford Double Shell Tank Supernate Simulate with Pertechnetate. Technetium (Tc-99) is a major fission product from nuclear reactors, and because it has few applications outside of scientific research, most of the technetium will ultimately be disposed of as nuclear waste. The radioactive decay of Tc-99 to ruthenium 99 (Ru-99) produces a low energy {beta}{sup -} particle (0.1 MeV max). However, due to its fairly long half-life (t{sub 1/2} = 2.13E05 years), Tc-99 is a major source of radiationmore » in low-level waste (UCRL-JRNL-212334, Current Status of the Thermodynamic Data for Technetium and its Compounds and Aqueous Species). Technetium forms the soluble oxy anion, TcO{sub 4}{sup -} under aerobic conditions. This anion is very mobile in groundwater and poses a health risk (ANL, Radiological and Chemical Fact Sheets to Support Health Risk Analyses for Contaminated Areas). It has been demonstrated that Purolite{reg_sign} A530E is highly effective in removing TcO{sub 4}{sup -} from a water matrix (RPP-RPT-23199, The Removal of Technetium-99 from the Effluent Treatment Facility Basin 44 Waste Using Purolite A-530E, Reillex HPQ, and Sybron IONAC SR-7 Ion Exchange Resins). Purolite{reg_sign} A530E is the commercial product of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Biquat{trademark} resin (Gu, B. et. ai, Development of Novel Bifunctional Anion-Exchange Resins with Improved Selectivity for Pertechnetate Sorption from Contaminated Groundwater). Further work has demonstrated that technetium-loaded A530E achieves a leachability index in Cast Stone of 12.5 (ANSI/ASN-16.1-2003, Measurement of the Leachability of Solidified Low-Level Radioactive Wastes by a Short-term Test Procedure) as reported in RPP-RPT-39195, Assessment of Technetium Leachability in Cement-Stabilized Basin 43 Groundwater Brine. This effort falls under the technetium management initiative and will provide data for those who will make decisions on the handling and disposition of technetium. To that end, the objective of this effort was to challenge Purolite{reg_sign} A530E against a double-shell tank (DST) simulant (tank 241-AN-105 or AN-105) spiked with pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) to determine breakthrough of the lead column.« less

Lung ventilation studies with technetium-99m Pseudogas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burch, W.M.; Sullivan, P.J.; Lomas, F.E.

1986-06-01

Technetium-99m Pseudogas is an ultrafine near monodisperse aerosol of 0.12-microgram diam particle size. This report describes initial clinical experiences with 27 patients referred for investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism, and in whom Pseudogas ventilation images were compared with a high quality commercial aerosol. An additional group of ten patients with severe COPD was examined in a comparative trial of Pseudogas with 81mKr. Pseudogas was better than a conventional aerosol in reaching a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using a simple blinded comparison with coded images. In addition, bronchial deposition was minimal unless COPD was severe. Moderately well patients had no difficultymore » inhaling the necessary activity in one or two breaths, and even severely ill and frail aged persons could accomplish the passive breathing maneuver in less than a minute. Clearance of Pseudogas was directly to the systemic circulation with a half-time of 10 min in normal subjects extending up to 100 min in patients with airways disease.« less

Kit for the selective labeling of red blood cells in whole blood with [sup 99]Tc

DOEpatents

Srivastava, S.C.; Babich, J.W.; Straub, R.; Richards, P.

1992-05-26

Disclosed herein are a method and kit for the preparation of [sup 99m]Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for reduction of technetium. No Drawings

Intraoperative sentinel node identification in early stage cervical cancer using a combination of radiolabeled albumin injection and isosulfan blue dye injection.

PubMed

Martínez-Palones, José M; Gil-Moreno, Antonio; Pérez-Benavente, María A; Roca, Isabel; Xercavins, Jordi

2004-03-01

We investigated the feasibility of sentinel lymph node identification using radioisotopic lymphatic mapping with technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin and isosulfan blue dye injection in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for treatment of early cervical cancer. Between September 2000 and October 2002, 25 patients with cervical cancer FIGO stage I (n=24) or stage II (n=1) underwent sentinel lymph node detection with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (technetium-99m colloid albumin injection around the tumor) and intraoperative lymphatic mapping with blue dye and a handheld or laparoscopic gamma probe. Complete pelvic or paraaortic lymphadenectomy was performed in all cases by open surgery or laparoscopic surgery. In 23 evaluable patients, a total of 51 sentinel lymph nodes were detected by lymphoscintigraphy (mean 2.21 nodes per patient). Intraoperatively, 61 sentinel lymph nodes were identified, with a mean of 2.52 nodes per patient by gamma probe and a mean of 1.94 nodes per patient after isosulfan blue injection. Forty percent of sentinel nodes were found in the interiliac region and 25% in the external iliac area. Microscopic nodal metastases (four nodes) were confirmed in 12% of cases. All these lymph nodes were previously detected as sentinel lymph nodes. The remaining 419 nodes after pelvic lymphadenectomy were histologically negative. Sentinel lymph node identification with technetium-99m-labeled nanocolloid combined with blue dye injection is feasible and showed a 100% negative predictive value, and potentially identified women in whom lymph node dissection can be avoided.

Biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi in wild-type dogs and in dogs with intrinsic (ABCB1-1Delta mutation) and extrinsic (ketoconazole treated) P-glycoprotein deficiency.

PubMed

Coelho, J C; Tucker, R; Mattoon, J; Roberts, G; Waiting, D K; Mealey, K L

2009-10-01

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of ABCB1 gene, is thought to play a role in the biliary excretion of a variety of drugs, but specific studies in dogs have not been performed. Because a number of endogenous (ABCB1 polymorphisms) and exogenous (pharmacological P-gp inhibition) factors can interfere with normal P-gp function, a better understanding of P-gp's role in biliary drug excretion is crucial in preventing adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions in dogs. The objectives of this study were to compare biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI), a radio-labelled P-gp substrate, in wild-type dogs (ABCB1 wild/wild), and dogs with intrinsic and extrinsic deficiencies in P-gp function. Dogs with intrinsic P-gp deficiency included ABCB1 mut/mut dogs, and dogs with presumed intermediate P-gp phenotype (ABCB1 mut/wild). Dogs with extrinsic P-gp deficiency were considered to be ABCB1 wild/wild dogs treated with the P-gp inhibitor ketoconazole (5 mg/kg PO q12h x 9 doses). Results from this study indicate that ABCB1 mut/mut dogs have significantly decreased biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI compared with ABCB1 wild/wild dogs. Treatment with ketoconazole significantly decreased biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI in ABCB1 wild/wild dogs. P-gp appears to play an important role in the biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI in dogs. It is likely that concurrent administration of a P-gp inhibitor such as ketoconazole will decrease P-gp-mediated biliary excretion of other substrate drugs as well.

Sectorial technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy for monitoring the effect of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy for calyceal calculi on regional renal function.

PubMed

Al-Tawheed, A; Al-Awadi, K A; Kehinde, E O; Loutfi, I; Abdul-Haleem, H; Al-Mohannadi, S

2003-01-01

To apply a semiquantitative method for analysis of technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy for monitoring the effect of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) in patients with calyceal stones on regional kidney function and to check whether EPL had caused any deleterious effect on the target calyceal renal parenchymal function. Forty patients (mean age 35 years) suffering from calyceal stones documented by abdominal plain radiography, intravenous urogram or abdominal ultrasound were studied. All patients were treated by EPL. (99m)Tc-DMSA scan was performed before and 4 weeks after EPL. Sector analysis involved calculation of the relative function of the target calyx to the function of the ipsilateral kidney and the relative function of the treated kidney to global renal function. The stone sizes were 6-11 mm in diameter and 11 were located in the upper, 13 in the middle and 16 in the lower calyx. After EPL, the overall stone clearance rate was 85% (100% for calculi in the upper and middle calyces, 62% for lower calyces). The sector analysis did not show statistically significant change of the relative regional (calyceal) or whole kidney function between the pre- and post-EPL (99m)Tc-DMSA scans. Using sector analysis, EPL appeared to be a safe modality and its usage was not associated with any untoward effect on calyceal or whole kidney function. Sector analysis of (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan is a simple semiquantitative method for monitoring regional changes of kidney function after EPL for treatment of calyceal stone. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl, {M(CO)3} (+) (M = Tc, Re), binding to mammalian metallothioneins: new insights into chemical and radiopharmaceutical implications.

PubMed

Lecina, Joan; Palacios, Òscar; Atrian, Sílvia; Capdevila, Mercè; Suades, Joan

2015-04-01

This paper deals with the binding of the four mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) to the organometallic metal fragment {fac-M(CO)3}(+) (M = (99)Tc, Re), which is highly promising for the preparation of second-generation radiopharmaceuticals. The study of the transmetallation reaction between zinc and rhenium in Zn7-MT1 by means of UV-vis and CD spectroscopy demonstrated the incorporation of the {fac-Re(CO)3}(+) fragment to the MTs. This reaction should be performed at 70 °C to accelerate the reaction rate, a result that is consistent with the reported reactivity of the rhenium fragment. ESI-TOF MS demonstrated the formation of mixed-metal species as Zn6,{Re(CO)3}-MT, Zn6,{Re(CO)3}2-MT, and Zn5,{Re(CO)3}3-MT, as well as the different reactivity of the four MT isoforms. Hence, Zn-MT3 showed the highest reactivity, in agreement with its high Cu-thionein character, whereas Zn-MT2 exhibited the lowest reactivity, in line with its high Zn-thionein character. The reactivity of the Zn-loaded forms of MT1 and MT4 is intermediate between those of MT3 and MT2. The study of the binding of the {fac-(99)Tc(CO)3}(+) fragment to MTs showed a significant and very interesting different reactivity in relation to rhenium. The transmetallation reaction is much more effective with technetium than with rhenium and significant amounts of mixed Zn x ,{(99)Tc(CO)3} y -MT species were formed with the four MT isoforms whereas only MT3 rendered similar amounts of rhenium derivatives. The results obtained in this study support the possible use of technetium for labelling mammalian metallothioneins and also for possible radiopharmaceutical applications.

(1→3)-β-D-glucan aptamers labeled with technetium-99m: Biodistribution and imaging in experimental models of bacterial and fungal infection.

PubMed

de Sousa Lacerda, Camila Maria; Ferreira, Iêda Mendes; Dos Santos, Sara Roberta; de Barros, André Luís Branco; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

2017-03-01

Acid nucleic aptamers are RNA or DNA oligonucleotides capable of binding to a target molecule with high affinity and selectivity. These molecules are promising tools in nuclear medicine. Many aptamers have been used as targeting molecule of radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical studies. (1→3)-β-D-glucans are the main structural cell wall components of fungi and some bacteria. In the present study two radiolabeled (1→3)-β-D-glucan aptamers (seq6 and seq30) were evaluated to identity infectious foci caused by fungal or bacterial cells. Aptamer labeling with 99m Tc was performed by the direct method and biodistribution studies were accomplished in Swiss mice (n=6) infected in the right thigh muscle with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. A 99m Tc radiolabeled library consisting of oligonucleotides with random sequences was used as control. There was a higher uptake of 99m Tc radiolabeled aptamers in the infected thigh than in the left thigh muscle (non-infected) in the S. aureus infected animals. The target/non-target ratios were 3.17±0.22 for seq6 and 2.66±0.10 for seq30. These ratios were statistically higher than the value (1.54±0.05) found for the radiolabeled library (control). With regard to biodistribution, no statistical difference was verified between aptamers and control uptakes in the infection foci in the C. albicans infected animals. The target/non-target ratios were 1.53±0.03, 1.64±0.12 and 1.08±0.02 for radiolabeled library, seq6 and seq30, respectively. Scintigraphic imaging of infected foci using radiolabeled aptamers was possible only for S. aureus infected mice. Seq6 and seq30 aptamers proved to be inefficient for diagnosis of C. albicans infection. Nevertheless, their applicability for diagnosis of S. aureus and other bacterial infections by scintigraphy should be further explored. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cutoff value of thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate to discriminate between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis: a single center retrospective study.

PubMed

Uchida, Toyoyoshi; Suzuki, Ruriko; Kasai, Takatoshi; Onose, Hiroyuki; Komiya, Koji; Goto, Hiromasa; Takeno, Kageumi; Ishii, Shinya; Sato, Junko; Honda, Akira; Kawano, Yui; Himuro, Miwa; Yamada, Emiko; Yamada, Tetsu; Watada, Hirotaka

2016-01-01

Thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate is a useful way to determine the cause of thyrotoxicosis. In daily clinical practice, (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake is used to discriminate between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis when clinical information is not enough to make the distinction. However, since the optimal cutoff value of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake has not yet been elucidated, our aim was to determine this value. We recruited patients with thyrotoxicosis in whom (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake was measured in clinical settings between 2009 and 2013. Three experienced endocrinologists (who were blinded to the value of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake and initial treatment) diagnosed the cause of thyrotoxicosis based on thyrotropin, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin receptor antibody levels, and by ultrasound findings and using images of thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate without the actual values. Ninety-four patients diagnosed as having Graves' disease or painless thyroiditis were finally included. According to the diagnosis, the optimal cutoff value of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake was determined by receiver operating characteristics analysis. A cutoff value of 1.0% provided optimal sensitivity and specificity of 96.6% and 97.1%, respectively. Then, its validity was confirmed in 78 patients with confirmed Graves' disease or painless thyroiditis diagnosed at another institute. Applying this cutoff value to the patients with thyrotoxicosis revealed positive and negative predictive values for Graves' disease of 100% and 88.9%, respectively. In conclusion, a cutoff value for (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake of 1.0% was useful to discriminate between Graves' disease and painless thyroiditis.

A Receptor-targeted Fluorescent Radiopharmaceutical for Multireporter Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging

PubMed Central

Emerson, Derek K.; Limmer, Karl K.; Hall, David J.; Han, Sung-Ho; Eckelman, William C.; Kane, Christopher J.; Wallace, Anne M.

2012-01-01

Purpose: To determine the imaging and receptor-binding properties of a multireporter probe designed for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping via nuclear and fluorescence detection. Materials and Methods: The animal experiments were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. A multireporter probe was synthesized by covalently attaching cyanine 7 (Cy7), a near-infrared cyanine dye, to tilmanocept, a radiopharmaceutical that binds to a receptor specific to recticuloendothelial cells. In vitro binding assays of technetium 99m (99mTc) -labeled Cy7 tilmanocept were conducted at 4°C by using receptor-bearing macrophages. Optical SLN imaging after foot pad administration was performed by using two molar doses of Cy7 tilmanocept. Six mice were injected with 0.11 nmol of 99mTc-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept (low-dose group); an additional six mice were injected with 31 nmol of 99mTc-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept (high-dose group) to saturate the receptor sites within the SLN. After 2.5 hours of imaging, the mice were euthanized, and the sentinel and distal lymph nodes were excised and assayed for radioactivity for calculation of SLN percentage of injected dose and extraction. Four mice were used as controls for autofluorescence. Standard optical imaging software was used to plot integrated fluorescence intensity against time for calculation of the SLN uptake rate constant and scaled peak intensity. Significance was calculated by using the Student t test. Results: In vitro binding assays showed subnanomolar affinity (mean dissociation constant, 0.25 nmol/L ± 0.10 [standard deviation]). Fluorescence imaging showed a detection sensitivity of 1.6 × 103 counts · sec−1 · μW−1 per picomole of Cy7. All four imaging metrics (percentage of injected dose, SLN extraction, SLN uptake rate constant, and expected peak fluorescence intensity) exhibited higher values (P = .005 to P = .042) in the low-dose group than in the high-dose group; this finding was consistent with receptor-mediated image formation. Conclusion: The multireporter probe 99mTc-labeled Cy7 tilmanocept exhibits in vitro and in vivo receptor-binding properties for successful receptor-targeted SLN mapping with nuclear and optical imaging. © RSNA, 2012 Supplemental material: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120638/-/DC1 PMID:22753678

A Generator-Produced Gallium-68 Radiopharmaceutical for PET Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion

PubMed Central

Sharma, Vijay; Sivapackiam, Jothilingam; Harpstrite, Scott E.; Prior, Julie L.; Gu, Hannah; Rath, Nigam P.; Piwnica-Worms, David

2014-01-01

Lipophilic cationic technetium-99m-complexes are widely used for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). However, inherent uncertainties in the supply chain of molybdenum-99, the parent isotope required for manufacturing 99Mo/99mTc generators, intensifies the need for discovery of novel MPI agents incorporating alternative radionuclides. Recently, germanium/gallium (Ge/Ga) generators capable of producing high quality 68Ga, an isotope with excellent emission characteristics for clinical PET imaging, have emerged. Herein, we report a novel 68Ga-complex identified through mechanism-based cell screening that holds promise as a generator-produced radiopharmaceutical for PET MPI. PMID:25353349

Investigating the Role of Global Histogram Equalization Technique for 99mTechnetium-Methylene diphosphonate Bone Scan Image Enhancement.

PubMed

Pandey, Anil Kumar; Sharma, Param Dev; Dheer, Pankaj; Parida, Girish Kumar; Goyal, Harish; Patel, Chetan; Bal, Chandrashekhar; Kumar, Rakesh

2017-01-01

99m Technetium-methylene diphosphonate ( 99m Tc-MDP) bone scan images have limited number of counts per pixel, and hence, they have inferior image quality compared to X-rays. Theoretically, global histogram equalization (GHE) technique can improve the contrast of a given image though practical benefits of doing so have only limited acceptance. In this study, we have investigated the effect of GHE technique for 99m Tc-MDP-bone scan images. A set of 89 low contrast 99m Tc-MDP whole-body bone scan images were included in this study. These images were acquired with parallel hole collimation on Symbia E gamma camera. The images were then processed with histogram equalization technique. The image quality of input and processed images were reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians on a 5-point scale where score of 1 is for very poor and 5 is for the best image quality. A statistical test was applied to find the significance of difference between the mean scores assigned to input and processed images. This technique improves the contrast of the images; however, oversaturation was noticed in the processed images. Student's t -test was applied, and a statistically significant difference in the input and processed image quality was found at P < 0.001 (with α = 0.05). However, further improvement in image quality is needed as per requirements of nuclear medicine physicians. GHE techniques can be used on low contrast bone scan images. In some of the cases, a histogram equalization technique in combination with some other postprocessing technique is useful.

A strategy for intensive production of molybdenum-99 isotopes for nuclear medicine using CANDU reactors.

PubMed

Morreale, A C; Novog, D R; Luxat, J C

2012-01-01

Technetium-99m is an important medical isotope utilized worldwide in nuclear medicine and is produced from the decay of its parent isotope, molybdenum-99. The online fueling capability and compact fuel of the CANDU(®)(1) reactor allows for the potential production of large quantities of (99)Mo. This paper proposes (99)Mo production strategies using modified target fuel bundles loaded into CANDU fuel channels. Using a small group of channels a yield of 89-113% of the weekly world demand for (99)Mo can be obtained. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Differential Lung Uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-Duramycin in the Chronic Hyperoxia Rat Model

PubMed Central

Clough, Anne V.; Audi, Said H.; Haworth, Steven T.; Roerig, David L.

2015-01-01

Noninvasive radionuclide imaging has the potential to identify and assess mechanisms involved in particular stages of lung injury which occur with acute respiratory distress syndrome, for example. Lung uptake of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is reported to be partially dependent on the redox status of the lung tissue while 99mTc-duramycin, a new marker of cell injury, senses cell death via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Thus, we investigated changes in lung uptake of these agents in rat exposed to hyperoxia for prolonged periods, a common model of acute lung injury. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-exposed to either normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2) for up to 21 days. For imaging, the rats were anesthetized, injected i.v. with either 99mTc-HMPAO or 99mTc-duramycin (37-74 MBq) and planar images were acquired using a high sensitivity modular gamma camera. Subsequently, 99mTc-macroagreggated albumin (37 MBq, diam=10-40 μm) was injected i.v., imaged, and used to define a lung region-of-interest. The lung to background ratio was used as a measure of lung uptake. Results Hyperoxia exposure resulted in a 74% increase in 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake, which peaked at 7 days and persisted for the 21 days of exposure. 99mTc-duramycin lung uptake was also maximal at 7 days of exposure but decreased to near control levels by 21 days. The sustained elevation of 99mTc-HMPAO uptake suggests ongoing changes in lung redox status whereas cell death appears to have subsided by 21 days. Conclusion These results suggest the potential use of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-duramycin as redox and cell-death imaging biomarkers, respectively, for in vivo identification and assessment of different stages of lung injury. PMID:23086010

Deep liquid-chromatographic purification of uranium extract from technetium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Volk, V.; Dvoeglazov, K; Podrezova, L.

The recycling of uranium in the nuclear fuel cycle requires the removal of a number of radioactive and stable impurities like {sup 99}Tc from spent fuels. In order to improve the grade of uranium extract purification from technetium the method of liquid chromatography and the apparatus for its performance have been developed. Process of technetium extraction and concentrating in aqueous solution containing reducing agent has been studied on simulated solutions (U-Tc-HNO{sub 3}-30% TBP-isoparM). The dynamic tests of the method have been carried out on the laboratory unit. Solution of diformyl-hydrazine in nitric acid was used as a stationary phase. Silicamore » gel with specific surface of 186 m{sup 2}/g was used as a carrier of the stationary phase. It is shown that the volume of purified extract increases as the solution temperature increases, concentration of reducing agent increases and extract flow rate decreases. It is established that the technetium content in uranium by this method could achieve a value below 0.3 ppm. Some variants of overload and composition of the stationary phase containing the extracted technetium have been offered and tested. It is defined that the method provides reduction of processing medium-active wastes by more than 10 times during finish refining process. (authors)« less

Technetium 99m pertechnetate scans in congenital hypothyroidism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bauman, R.A.; Bode, H.H.; Hayek, A.

1976-08-01

Goiters are rarely palpable in infants with congenital hypothyroidism except in the case of maternal ingestion of iodide. The presence or absence of glandular tissue is, however, important for genetic and prognostic counseling and for acceleration of diagnosis in other affected siblings. The detection of thyroid tissue by /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate scans in a significant number of our patients heretofore considered athyreotic establishes that physical findings and traditional laboratory data are not adequate to determine whether or not thyroid tissue is present.

Techniques for loading technetium-99m and rhenium-186/188 radionuclides into pre-formed liposomes for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy.

PubMed

Goins, Beth; Bao, Ande; Phillips, William T

2010-01-01

Liposomes can serve as carriers of radionuclides for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. Herein, procedures are outlined for radiolabeling liposomes with the gamma-emitting radionuclide, technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), for non-invasive detection of disease and for monitoring the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomal drugs, and/or with therapeutic beta-emitting radionuclides, rhenium-186/188 ((186/188)Re), for radionuclide therapy. These efficient and practical liposome radiolabeling methods use a post-labeling mechanism to load (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re into pre-formed liposomes prepared in advance of the labeling procedure. For all liposome radiolabeling methods described, a lipophilic chelator is used to transport (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re across the lipid bilayer of the pre-formed liposomes. Once within the liposome interior, the pre-encapsulated glutathione or ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient provides for stable entrapment of the (99m)Tc and (186/188)Re within the liposomes. In the first method, (99m)Tc is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and (99m)Tc-HMPAO becomes trapped by interaction with the pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the second method, (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), and (99m)Tc-BMEDA or (186/188)Re-BMEDA becomes trapped by interaction with pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the third method, an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient loading technique is employed using liposomes with an extraliposomal pH of 7.4 and an interior pH of 5.1. BMEDA, which is lipophilic at pH 7.4, serves as a lipophilic chelator for (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re to transport the radionuclides across the lipid bilayer. Once within the more acidic liposome interior, (99m)Tc/(186/188)Re-BMEDA complex becomes protonated and more hydrophilic, which results in stable entrapment of the (99m)Tc/(186/188)Re-BMEDA complex within the liposomes. Since many commercially available liposomal drugs use an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient for drug loading, these liposomal drugs can be directly radiolabeled with (99m)Tc-BMEDA for non-invasive monitoring of tissue distribution during treatment or with (186/188)Re-BMEDA for combination chemo-radionuclide therapy.

Influence of chronic exposure to cold environment on thyroid gland function in rabbits.

PubMed

Mustafa, S; Elgazzar, A

2014-07-01

Chronic exposure to cold can affect the thyroid gland. However, the effect on thyroid gland perfusion images and the ratio between thyroid hormones secretion were not addressed in any previous study. The present study investigates the effects of chronic cold exposure on thyroid gland function using radionuclide tracer and thyroid hormones secretion concentration. New Zealand white rabbits weighing approximately 1.8-2 kg were kept in a cold room (4°C) for 7 weeks. Thyroid scintigraphy was performed for cold exposed rabbits and a control rabbit group. Each rabbit was injected with 115 MBq (3.1 mCi) technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mTc pertechnetate). Studies were performed using Gamma camera equipped with a low energy, high resolution, pinhole collimator interfaced with a computer. Static images were acquired 20 min after administration of the radiotracer. Rabbits chronically exposed to cold had less body weights than control. Thyroid gland uptake is higher in rabbits chronically exposed to cold than controls using radionuclide perfusion study. The increase was proportional to the time period, so the increase after 7 weeks was greater than 5 weeks. There is also an increase in free triiodothyronine (FT3) and a decrease in free thyroxine (FT4) values. Our results indicate that thyroid gland uptake is higher in rabbits chronically exposed to cold than control and the increase was proportional to the duration. The decrease in rabbit body weights may be related to the increase in metabolism due to the increase of thyroid hormones. Chronic cold exposure also increased the conversion of T4 to T3, which is more potent in thermogenic effect. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Evaluation of somatostatin receptors in large cell pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma with 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy.

PubMed

Nocuń, Anna; Chrapko, Beata; Gołębiewska, Renata; Stefaniak, Bogusław; Czekajska-Chehab, Elżbieta

2011-06-01

Large cell pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a poorly differentiated and high-grade neoplasm. It is positioned between an atypical carcinoid and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung in a distinct family of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of our study was to detect somatostatin receptors in this uncommon malignancy and to evaluate the sensitivity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in LCNEC staging. We analyzed data of 26 patients (mean age: 61.5±7.9 years) with histologically confirmed diagnosis of LCNEC, including 18 cases not treated surgically and eight patients after the resection of the primary tumor. SRS was carried out with technetium-99m ethylene diamine-diacetic acid/hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide (Tc-TOC). A visual analysis of scintigraphic images was done with reference to conventional imaging modalities (computed tomography and bone sicintigraphy). SRS sensitivity for the detection of primary lesions, supradiaphragmatic metastases, and infradiaphragmatic metastases was 100, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. Five out of 13 metastases to the liver appeared on SRS as photopenic foci, visible on the background of physiological hepatic activity. Only one of the nine metastases to the skeletal system was found by SRS with sensitivity as low as 11.1%. The overall SRS sensitivity for the detection of secondary lesions and of all lesions was 54.8 and 62.2%, respectively. Within a rather large series of LCNEC, the primary tumor showed an uptake of Tc-TOC in all cases, whereas some metastases did show Tc-TOC uptake and some others did not.

Three-dimensional fractal analysis of 99mTc-MAA SPECT images in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension for evaluation of response to balloon pulmonary angioplasty: association with pulmonary arterial pressure.

PubMed

Maruoka, Yasuhiro; Nagao, Michinobu; Baba, Shingo; Isoda, Takuro; Kitamura, Yoshiyuki; Yamazaki, Yuzo; Abe, Koichiro; Sasaki, Masayuki; Abe, Kohtaro; Honda, Hiroshi

2017-06-01

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is used for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), but its effect cannot be evaluated noninvasively. We devised a noninvasive quantitative index of response to BPA using three-dimensional fractal analysis (3D-FA) of technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Forty CTEPH patients who underwent pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) measurement by right heart catheterization before and after BPA were studied. The total uptake volume (TUV) in bilateral lungs was determined from maximum intensity projection Tc-MAA SPECT images. Fractal dimension was assessed by 3D-FA. Parameters were compared before and after BPA, and between patients with post-BPA mPAP more than 30 mmHg and less than or equal to 30 mmHg. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out. BPA significantly improved TUV (595±204-885±214 ml, P<0.001) and reduced the laterality of uptake (238±147-135±131 ml, P<0.001). Patients with poor therapeutic response (post-BPA mPAP≥30 mmHg, n=16) showed a significantly smaller TUV increase (P=0.044) and a significantly greater post-BPA fractal dimension (P<0.001) than the low-mPAP group. Fractal dimension correlated with mPAP values before and after BPA (P=0.013 and 0.001, respectively). A post-BPA fractal dimension threshold of 2.4 distinguished between BPA success and failure with 75% sensitivity, 79% specificity, 78% accuracy, and area under the curve of 0.85. 3D-FA using Tc-MAA SPECT pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy enables a noninvasive evaluation of the response of CTEPH patients to BPA.

Update on radionuclide imaging in hepatobiliary disease. [/sup 99m/Tc-labelled acetanilide iminodracetic acid analogues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosenthall, L.

1981-05-01

The recent introduction of technetium Tc 99m-labeled acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (/sup 99m/Tc-IDA) analogues has facilitated the clincal study of the bile flow pathways. A variety of /sup 99m/Tc-IDA derivaties are under investigation. Basically all are metabolized by the hepatocyte and immediately thereafter excreted unconjugated into the biliary tract. Of the various derivatives tested, e.g., dimethyl (lidofenin), diethyl, paraisopropyl (iprofenin), parabutyl (butilfenin), and diisopropyl (disofenin), the last named is the best universal agent at this time. By serial liver imaging the patency of the cystic duct and the integrity of altered cholangiointestinal anatomy can be assessed, leakage of bile and gastricmore » reflux can be disclosed, and medical and surgical jaundice can be distinguished.« less

Imaging study of the painful heel syndrome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, P.L.; Smibert, J.G.; Cox, R.

1987-06-01

A total of 45 patients with the painful heel syndrome without evidence of an associated inflammatory arthritis, seven of whom had pain in both heels, were studied using technetium-99 isotope bone scans and lateral and 45 degrees medial oblique radiographs of both feet. Of the 52 painful heels 31 (59.6%) showed increased uptake of tracer at the calcaneum. Patients with scans showing increased uptake tended to have more severe heel pain and responded more frequently to a local hydrocortisone injection. On plain x-ray, 39 of 52 painful heels (75%) and 24 of the 38 opposite nonpainful heels (63%) showed plantarmore » spurs, compared with five of 63 (7.9%) heels in 59 age- and sex-matched controls. No evidence of stress fractures was seen.« less

[Gastrointestinal bleeding from capillary hemangioma of the ileum detected by 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy].

PubMed

Asano, Y; Ishii, K; Sagiuchi, T; Aoki, Y; Yanaihara, H; Hayakawa, K

2001-05-01

It has been well-known that technetium-99m-human serum albumin-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (99mTc-HSAD) scintigraphy is useful for diagnosis of the localization of the gastrointestinal arterial or venous bleeding. In this report, we describe a case of venous bleeding from capillary hemangioma of the ileum end detected by 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy. This patient was a 9-year-old girl with severe anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding was suspected from her clinical course and laboratory tests. Immediately after melena occurred, 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy showed the extravasation of RI suggesting gastrointestinal bleeding in the ileum end. Abdominal angiography immediately after 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy, however, could not show the extravasation of contrast agent. Because the condition of the patient became worse, laparotomy was performed on the basis of 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy findings. At surgery, venous bleeding from capillary hemangioma in the ileum end was observed. It was suggested that 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy was very useful for identifying the gastrointestinal venous bleeding.

A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence labeled peptide as a multimodal imaging agent for targeting angiogenesis in a murine hindlimb ischemia model.

PubMed

Hyoun Kim, Myoung; Kim, Seul-Gi; Guhn Kim, Chang; Kim, Dae-Weung

2017-03-01

The serine-aspartic acid-valine (SDV) peptide binds specifically to integrin αvβ3. We developed a Tc-99m and TAMRA labeled peptide, Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA for multimodal imaging of angiogenesis. Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA was prepared in high yield (>96%) and showed low cytotoxicity. Tc-99m tetrofosmin images 1 week after operation, revealed significantly decreased perfusion of the ischemic hindlimb, and the perfusion recovered gradually for 4 weeks. In contrast, Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA uptake was maximal 1 week after the operation (ischemic-to-non-ischemic uptake ratio =5.03±1.01) and decreased gradually. The ischemic-to-non-ischemic ratio of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA and Tc-99m tetrofosmin was strongly negatively correlated (r =-0.94). A postmortem analysis revealed increased angiogenesis markers and uptake of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA by ischemic tissue. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA by ischemic tissue. Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA could be a good candidate dual-modality imaging agent to assess angiogenesis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis.

PubMed

Gong, Wei; Dou, Huan; Liu, Xianqin; Sun, Lingyun; Hou, Yayi

2012-10-01

1. In the present study, we investigated the effects of technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ((99)Tc-MDP), an agent used in radionuclide therapy, on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and explored the underlying mechanisms. 2. The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived-macrophages from C57BL/6 mice (BMM) were used as models for osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The expression of some key factors in RANKL (50 ng/mL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells was investigated by flow cytometry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To detect multinucleated osteoclast formation, RAW264.7 cells were induced with RANKL for 4 days, whereas BMM were induced by 50 ng/mL RANKL and 20 ng/mL macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 7 days, before being stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. 3. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using the osteoclast markers CD51, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and cathepsin K. At 0.01 μg/mL, (99)Tc-MDP significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis without any cytotoxicity. In addition, (99)Tc-MDP abolished the appearance of multinucleated osteoclasts. 4. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of transcription factor expression revealed that (99)Tc-MDP inhibited the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells. In addition, (99)Tc-MDP inhibited the expression of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-1β. Finally, (99)Tc-MDP inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in RAW264.7 cells following RANKL stimulation. 5. In conclusion, (99)Tc-MDP possesses anti-osteoclastogenic activity against RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. © 2012 The Authors Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology © 2012 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Comparison of technetium-99m sulfur colloid and technetium-99m albumin colloid labeled solid meals for gastric emptying studies.

PubMed

Taillefer, R; Douesnard, J M; Beauchamp, G; Guimond, J

1987-08-01

A Tc-99m albumin colloid (Tc-AC) kit has been introduced as an alternative to Tc-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-SC) for liver-spleen imaging. Since there is no need for boiling, the use of Tc-AC reduces preparation time and manipulation. Tc-SC is one of the most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for the labeling of solid-phase markers in gastric emptying studies. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the labeling efficiency and stability in hydrochloric acid and in human gastric juice of intracellularly labeled chicken liver and scrambled eggs labeled with Tc-SC and Tc-AC. Gastric emptying studies also were performed on 20 healthy volunteers with both Tc-SC and Tc-AC labeled scrambled egg sandwiches. There was no significant difference between Tc-SC and Tc-AC in the labeling efficiency of chicken liver (98% +/- 1% for Tc-SC, 96% +/- 2% for Tc-AC) and scrambled eggs (92% +/- 2% for Tc-SC, 91% +/- 3% for Tc-AC). However, both Tc-SC and Tc-AC labeled scrambled eggs showed a lower stability than chicken liver, particularly in human gastric juice. Gastric emptying curves from both meals in 20 normal subjects were also similar, with a mean half-emptying time of 85 +/- 13 minutes and 87 +/- 16 minutes for the meals containing Tc-SC and Tc-AC respectively. Tc-AC is a reliable alternative to Tc-SC as a radiotracer for solid-phase gastric emptying studies.

Is bone mineral density measurement using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry affected by gamma rays?

PubMed

Xie, Liang-Jun; Li, Jian-Fang; Zeng, Feng-Wei; Jiang, Hang; Cheng, Mu-Hua; Chen, Yi

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine whether the gamma rays emitted from the radionuclide effect bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. Nine subjects (mean age: 56 ± 17.96 yr) scheduled for bone scanning underwent BMD measurement using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic/Discovery A) before and 1, 2, and 4 h after injection of technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP). Ten subjects (mean age: 41 ± 15.47 yr) scheduled for therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with iodine-131 underwent BMD measurement before and 2 h after therapeutic radionuclide administration. All patients were given whole body BMD measurement, including head, arm, ribs, lumbar spine, pelvis, and leg sites. Besides, patients who referred to radioiodine therapy were given total hip and femoral neck BMD measurement as well. No statistically significant changes in BMD values were detected after 99mTc-MDP and iodine-131 administration for all measurement sites (p > 0.05), and individual difference of BMD before and after radionuclide imaging or therapy was less than the least significant change in lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. In conclusion, BMD measurements are not influenced by the gamma rays emitted from technetium-99m and iodine-131. DXA bone densitometry may be performed simultaneously with bone scanning and radioiodine therapy. Copyright © 2013 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SPECT/CT analysis of splenic function in genistein-treated malaria-infected mice.

PubMed

Ha, Young Ran; Kang, Sung-A; Ryu, Jeongeun; Yeom, Eunseop; Kim, Mun Ki; Lee, Sang Joon

2016-11-01

Spleen traps malaria-infected red blood cells, thereby leading to splenomegaly. Splenomegaly induces impairment in splenic function, i.e., rupture. Therefore, splenomegaly inhibition is required to protect the spleen. In our previous study, genistein was found to have an influence on malaria-induced splenomegaly. However, the effect of genistein in malaria-induced splenomegaly, especially on the function of spleen, has not been fully investigated. In this study, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining images show that genistein partially prevents malaria-induced architectural disruption of spleen. In addition, genistein decreases transgenic Plasmodium parasites accumulation in the spleen. Genistein treatment can protect splenic function from impairment caused by malaria infection. To examine the functions of malaria-infected spleen, we employed single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) technology. Red blood cells are specifically radiolabeled with Technetium-99m pertechnetate ( 99m TcO 4 - ) and trapped inside the spleen. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) in the spleen of infected mice are higher than those of naive and genistein-treated mice. However, genistein reduces the malaria-induced trapping capacity of spleen for heat-damaged radiolabeled RBCs, while exhibiting a protective effect against malaria. Considering these results, we suggested that genistein could be effectively used in combination therapy for malaria-induced splenic impairment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Malignant external otitis: early scintigraphic detection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strashun, A.M.; Nejatheim, M.; Goldsmith, S.J.

1984-02-01

Pseudomonas otitis externa in elderly diabetics may extend aggressively to adjacent bone, cranial nerves, meninges, and vessels, leading to a clinical diagnosis of ''malignant'' external otitis. Early diagnosis is necessary for successful treatment. This study compares the findings of initial radiographs, thin-section tomography of temporal bone, CT scans of head and neck, technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for detection of temporal bone osteomylitis in ten patients fulfilling the clinical diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis. Skull radiographs were negative in all of the eight patients studied. Thin-section tomography was positive inmore » one of the seven patients studied using this modality. CT scanning suggested osteomyelitis in three of nine patients. Both Tc-99m and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy were positive in 10 of 10 patients. These results suggest that technetium and gallium scintigraphy are more sensitive than radiographs and CT scans for early detection of malignant external otitis.« less

Small Column Testing of Superlig 639 for Removal of 99Tc from Hanford Tank Waste Envelope C (Tank 241-AN-107)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DL Blanchard; DE Kurath; BM Rapko

The current BNFL Inc. flow sheet for pretreating Hanford High-Level tank wastes includes the use of Superlig(reg.sign)639 (SL-639) in a dual column system for removing technetium-99 ({sup 99}Tc) from the aqueous fraction of the waste. This sorbent material has been developed and supplied by IBC Advanced Technologies, Inc., American Fork, UT. This report documents the results of testing the SL-639 sorbent with diluted waste [Na{sup +}] {approx} 5 M from Tank 241-AN-107 (an Envelope C waste, abbreviated AN-107) at Battelle Northwest Laboratories (BNW). The equilibrium behavior was assessed with batch contacts between the sorbent and the waste. Two AN-107 samplesmore » were used: (1) an archived sample from previous testing and (2) a more recent sample collected specifically for BNFL. A portion of the archive sample and all of the BNFL sample were treated to remove Sr-90 and transuranic elements (TRU). All samples had also been Cs decontaminated by ion exchange (IX), and were spiked with a technetium-95m ({sup 95m}Tc) pertechnetate tracer, {sup 95m}TcO{sub 4}{sup -}.The TcO{sub 4}{sup -} and total Tc K{sub d} values, assumed equal to the {sup 95m}Tc and {sup 99}Tc K{sub d}'s, respectively, are shown in Table S1. Values are averages of duplicates, which showed significant scatter. The total Tc K{sub d} for the BNFL sample is much lower than the TcO{sub 4}{sup -}, indicating that a large fraction of the {sup 99}Tc is not pertechnetate.« less

Investigating the Role of Global Histogram Equalization Technique for 99mTechnetium-Methylene diphosphonate Bone Scan Image Enhancement

PubMed Central

Pandey, Anil Kumar; Sharma, Param Dev; Dheer, Pankaj; Parida, Girish Kumar; Goyal, Harish; Patel, Chetan; Bal, Chandrashekhar; Kumar, Rakesh

2017-01-01

Purpose of the Study: 99mTechnetium-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scan images have limited number of counts per pixel, and hence, they have inferior image quality compared to X-rays. Theoretically, global histogram equalization (GHE) technique can improve the contrast of a given image though practical benefits of doing so have only limited acceptance. In this study, we have investigated the effect of GHE technique for 99mTc-MDP-bone scan images. Materials and Methods: A set of 89 low contrast 99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scan images were included in this study. These images were acquired with parallel hole collimation on Symbia E gamma camera. The images were then processed with histogram equalization technique. The image quality of input and processed images were reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians on a 5-point scale where score of 1 is for very poor and 5 is for the best image quality. A statistical test was applied to find the significance of difference between the mean scores assigned to input and processed images. Results: This technique improves the contrast of the images; however, oversaturation was noticed in the processed images. Student's t-test was applied, and a statistically significant difference in the input and processed image quality was found at P < 0.001 (with α = 0.05). However, further improvement in image quality is needed as per requirements of nuclear medicine physicians. Conclusion: GHE techniques can be used on low contrast bone scan images. In some of the cases, a histogram equalization technique in combination with some other postprocessing technique is useful. PMID:29142344

Rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl complexes of 1,4-Substituted pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole bidentate 'click' ligands conjugated to a targeting RGD peptide.

PubMed

Connell, Timothy U; Hayne, David J; Ackermann, Uwe; Tochon-Danguy, Henri J; White, Jonathan M; Donnelly, Paul S

2014-04-01

New 1,4-substituted pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands with pendent phenyl isothiocyanate functional groups linked to the heterocycle through a short methylene or longer polyethylene glycol spacers were prepared and conjugated to a peptide containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide motif. Rhenium and technetium carbonyl complexes, [M(CO)3 L(x) (py)](+) (where M = Re(I) or (99m) Tc(I) ; L(x)  = 1,4-substituted pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands and py = pyridine) were prepared. One rhenium complex has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the luminescent properties of [M(CO)3 L(x) (py)](+) are reported. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bisamide bisthiol compounds useful for making technetium radiodiagnostic renal agents

DOEpatents

Davison, Alan; Brenner, David; Lister-James, John; Jones, Alun G.

1987-06-16

A radiodiagnostic bisamido-bisthio ligand useful for producing Tc-labelled radiodiagnostic renal agents is described. The ligand forms a complex with the radionuclide .sup.99m Tc suitable for administration as a radiopharmaceutical to obtain images of the kidney for diagnosis of kidney disfunction.

Effective visualization of suppressed thyroid tissue by means of baseline 99mTc-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile in comparison with 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after TSH stimulation.

PubMed

Vattimo, A; Bertelli, P; Burroni, L

1992-01-01

Baseline 99mTc-MIBI thyroid scintigraphy was compared with 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after TSH stimulation in seven patients with suppressed thyroid tissue due to an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN). In all patients the suppressed thyroid tissue was visualized by means of both baseline 99mTc-MIBI and post-TSH 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy, and in some cases the former technique provided better visualization. In one patient presenting a "warm" nodule T3-suppression did not affect the nodular/extranodular uptake ratio of 99mTc-MIBI, whereas the 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake ratio increased significantly. This leads us to hypothesize that the thyroid uptake of 99mTc-MIBI is not related to TSH control, but rather to other mechanisms such as the blood flow. Since exogenous TSH is no longer available, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy can be successfully used in the place of repeated 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy after TSH stimulation in the assessment of AFTN.

Radionuclide bone imaging: an illustrative review.

PubMed

Love, Charito; Din, Anabella S; Tomas, Maria B; Kalapparambath, Tomy P; Palestro, Christopher J

2003-01-01

Bone scintigraphy with technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonates is one of the most frequently performed of all radionuclide procedures. Radionuclide bone imaging is not specific, but its excellent sensitivity makes it useful in screening for many pathologic conditions. Moreover, some conditions that are not clearly depicted on anatomic images can be diagnosed with bone scintigraphy. Bone metastases usually appear as multiple foci of increased activity, although they occasionally manifest as areas of decreased uptake. Traumatic processes can often be detected, even when radiographic findings are negative. Most fractures are scintigraphically detectable within 24 hours, although in elderly patients with osteopenia, further imaging at a later time is sometimes indicated. Athletic individuals are prone to musculoskeletal trauma, and radionuclide bone imaging is useful for identifying pathologic conditions such as plantar fasciitis, stress fractures, "shin splints," and spondylolysis, for which radiographs may be nondiagnostic. A combination of focal hyperperfusion, focal hyperemia, and focally increased bone uptake is virtually diagnostic for osteomyelitis in patients with nonviolated bone. Bone scintigraphy is also useful for evaluating disease extent in Paget disease and for localizing avascular necrosis in patients with negative radiographs. Radionuclide bone imaging will likely remain a popular and important imaging modality for years to come. Copyright RSNA, 2003

Examination of Technetium Transport Through Soils Under Contrasting Redox Conditions: Batch and Column Work

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dozier, R.; Montgomery, D.; Wylie, E. M.; Dogan, M.; Moysey, S. M.; Powell, B. A.; Martinez, N. E.

2015-12-01

Experiments were performed under various reducing conditions to evaluate the transport behavior of technetium-99 (99Tc) in the presence of sandy clay loam soil from the Savannah River Site (SRS) and goethite, magnetite, and iron sulfide, which were selected for their increasing reducing potential. The experiments were conducted to investigate how redox reaction equilibria and rates affect the overall mobility of 99Tc as it transitions between the mobile Tc(VII) and immobile Tc(IV). Under oxygen-rich conditions, batch sorption isotherms measured for TcO4- across the concentration range 0.5 to 50 μg/L were linear with distribution coefficients (Kd) of 0.78 mL/g or lower, with decreasing sorption for goethite, magnetite, and iron sulfide, respectively. Addition of Na2S resulted in a marked increase in apparent 99Tc sorption to the solid phase, with Kd of 43 mL/g, 35 mL/g, and 29 mL/g, following the same mineral trend as previously. The increased Kd values are possibly due to reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV), resulting in the formation of TcO2(s). SRS soil batch sorption isotherms measured for TcO4- across the same concentration range were also linear, with Kd of 0.7 mL/g for unadjusted pH, 5.1 mL/g for pH of around 6, and 6.7 mL/g for pH of around 4. Kinetic batch sorption tests showed less than 10% 99Tc sorption in an oxidizing environment and greater than 95% sorption in a reducing environment, with both reactions occurring on the order of minutes. In contrast, desorption experiments initiated by transferring the samples from a reducing environment (0.1% H2(g)/99.9% N2(g)) to atmospheric conditions resulted in a slow desorption step on the order of days. Column experiments conducted with the SRS sands indicate a retardation factor of 1.17 for 99Tc under oxygen rich conditions. Additional column experiments are being conducted to evaluate 99Tc transport dependencies on transitions between oxygen rich and poor conditions.

Solar neutrino production of technetium-97 and technetium-98.

PubMed

Cowan, G A; Haxton, W C

1982-04-02

It may be possible to determine the boron-8 solar neutrino flux, averaged over the past several million years, from the concentration of technetium-98 in molybdenite. The mass spectrometry of this system is greatly simplified by the absence of stable technetium isotopes, and the presence of the fission product technetium-99 provides a monitor of uiranium-induced backgrounds. This geochemical experiment could provide the first test of nonstandard solar models that suggest a relation between the chlorine-37 solar neutrino puzzle and the recent ice age.

Targeted functional imaging of estrogen receptors with 99mTc-GAP-EDL.

PubMed

Takahashi, Nobukazu; Yang, David J; Kohanim, Saady; Oh, Chang-Sok; Yu, Dong-Fang; Azhdarinia, Ali; Kurihara, Hiroaki; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Joe Y; Kim, E Edmund

2007-03-01

To evaluate the feasibility of using (99m)Tc-glutamate peptide-estradiol in functional imaging of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] diseases. 3-Aminoethyl estradiol (EDL) was conjugated to glutamate peptide (GAP) to yield GAP-EDL. Cellular uptake studies of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL were conducted in ER(+) cell lines (MCF-7, 13762 and T47D). To demonstrate whether GAP-EDL increases MAP kinase activation, Western blot analysis of GAP-EDL was performed in 13762 cells. Biodistribution was conducted in nine rats with 13762 breast tumors at 0.5-4 h. Each rat was administered (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. Two animal models (rats and rabbits) were created to ascertain whether tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL was via an ER-mediated process. In the tumor model, breast tumor-bearing rats were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) 1 h prior to receiving (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. In the endometriosis model, part of the rabbit uterine tissue was dissected and grafted to the peritoneal wall. The rabbit was administered with (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. There was a 10-40% reduction in uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL in cells treated with DES or tamoxifen compared with untreated cells. Western blot analysis showed an ERK1/2 phosphorylation process with GAP-EDL. Biodistribution studies showed that tumor uptake and tumor-to-muscle count density ratio in (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL groups were significantly higher than those in (99m)Tc-GAP groups at 4 h. Among (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL groups, region of interest analysis of images showed that tumor-to muscle ratios were decreased in blocking groups. In the endometriosis model, the grafted uterine tissue could be visualized by (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. Cellular or tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL occurs via an ER-mediated process. (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL is a useful agent for imaging functional ER(+) disease.

Influence of exercise on the distribution of technetium Tc 99m medronate following intra-articular injection in horses.

PubMed

Dulin, Jennifer A; Drost, W Tod; Phelps, Mitch A; Santschi, Elizabeth M; Menendez, Maria I; Bertone, Alicia L

2012-03-01

To determine the effects of exercise on the distribution and pharmacokinetics of technetium Tc 99m medronate ((99m)Tc-MDP) following intra-articular (IA) injection in horses. 5 horses. 1 antebrachiocarpal joint (ACJ)/horse was assigned to the exercised group (n = 5), and the contralateral ACJ was evaluated in the nonexercised group (5) after a minimum washout period of 7 days. Following IA injection of (99m)Tc-MDP (148 MBq), blood and scintigraphic images of the carpus were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, and 1,440 minutes. Plasma and scintigraphic radioactivity were determined over time, and pharmacokinetic parameters were generated via noncompartmental and compartmental analyses. Each horse was monitored via physical and lameness examination and ACJ synovial fluid analysis before injection and at days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Lameness was not observed. Mean ± SD synovial fluid WBC count increased at day 1 (exercised, 721 ± 234 cells/μL; nonexercised, 948 ± 223 cells/μL), but returned to baseline at days 3 and 7 Mean time to maximum plasma radioactivity was earlier in the exercised group (16.00 ± 2.35 minutes) than the nonexercised group (43.75 ± 3.64 minutes). Linear regression of the scintigraphic radioactivity-time curves revealed a greater negative slope in the exercised group within the first 25 minutes. There was no difference in absorption or elimination rate constants in a 2-compartment model. IA injection of (99m)Tc-MDP was safe and effective for evaluating synovial solute distribution. Exercise significantly increased early transfer of (99m)Tc-MDP from the ACJ into plasma, although absorption and elimination rate constants were not affected. Exercise may affect synovial clearance and withdrawal times of medications administered IA.

A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled arginine-arginine-leucine-containing peptide as a multimodal tumor imaging agent in a murine tumor model.

PubMed

Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Seul-Gi; Kim, Dae-Weung

2018-06-15

We developed a Tc-99m and TAMRA-labeled peptide, Tc-99m arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) peptide (TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL), to target tumor cells and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor in a murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Binding affinity and in vitro cellular uptake studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution, and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with PC-3 tumors. Tumor tissue slides were prepared and analyzed with immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL complexes were prepared in high yield (>96%). The K d of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL determined by saturation binding was 41.7 ± 7.8 nM. Confocal microscopy images of PC-3 cells incubated with TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL showed strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm. Gamma camera imaging revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL in tumors. Tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the coinjection of an excess concentration of RRL. Specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging, and immunohistochemistry stain studies. In conclusion, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL in tumors. Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL has potential as a dual-modality tumor imaging agent. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled elastin-derived peptide, VAPG for multimodal tumor imaging in murine tumor model.

PubMed

Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn; Kim, Seul-Gi; Kim, Dae-Weung

2017-12-01

We developed a Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled peptide, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG to target tumor cells and evaluated the diagnostic performance as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor in a murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG was synthesized by using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG with Tc-99m was done by using ligand exchange via tartrate. Binding affinity and in vitro cellular uptake studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution, and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with SW620 tumors. Tumor tissue slides were prepared and analyzed with immunohistochemistry by using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG complexes were prepared in high yield (>96%). The K d of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG determined by saturation binding was 16.8 ± 3.6 nM. Confocal microscopy images of SW620 cells incubated with TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG showed strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm. Gamma camera imaging revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG in tumors. Tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the coinjection of an excess concentration of VAPG. Specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging, and immunohistochemistry stain studies. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG in tumor cells. Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG has potential as a dual-modality tumor imaging agent. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Evaluation of New Tc-99m-Labeled Arg-X-Asp-Conjugated Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptides for Melanoma Imaging

PubMed Central

Flook, Adam M.; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of two new 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH {c[Asp-Arg-Thr-Asp-DTyr]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2} and RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH peptides were synthesized and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution and melanoma imaging properties of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The IC50 values of RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH were 0.7 ± 0.07 and 1.0 ± 0.3 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Both 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH displayed high melanoma uptake. 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH exhibited the peak tumor uptake of 18.77 ± 5.13% ID/g at 2 h post-injection, whereas 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH reached the peak tumor uptake of 19.63 ± 4.68% ID/g at 4 h post-injection. Both 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH showed low accumulation in normal organs (<1.7% ID/g) except for the kidneys at 2 h post-injection. The renal uptake of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH was 135.14 ± 23.62 and 94.01 ± 18.31% ID/g at 2 h post-injection, respectively. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using either 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH or 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection. Overall, the introduction of Thr or Val residue retained high melanoma uptake of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH. However, high renal uptake of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH need to be reduced to facilitate their future applications. PMID:23885640

Evaluation of new Tc-99m-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides for melanoma imaging.

PubMed

Flook, Adam M; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

2013-09-03

The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of two new (99m)Tc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH {c[Asp-Arg-Thr-Asp-DTyr]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2} and RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution and melanoma imaging properties of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The IC50 values of RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were 0.7 ± 0.07 and 1.0 ± 0.3 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Both (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH displayed high melanoma uptake. (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH exhibited the highest tumor uptake of 18.77 ± 5.13% ID/g at 2 h postinjection, whereas (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH reached the highest tumor uptake of 19.63 ± 4.68% ID/g at 4 h postinjection. Both (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH showed low accumulation in normal organs (<1.7% ID/g) except for the kidneys at 2 h postinjection. The renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH was 135.14 ± 23.62 and 94.01 ± 18.31% ID/g at 2 h postinjection, respectively. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using either (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH or (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, the introduction of Thr or Val residue retained high melanoma uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH. However, high renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH need to be reduced to facilitate their future applications.

Periostitis in secondary syphilis: a place for bone scintigraphy.

PubMed Central

Veerapen, K; Bruckner, F E; Halsey, J P; Davidson, F; Saeed, A

1985-01-01

Two cases of secondary syphilis are reported with periostitis as the main presenting feature. Technetium-99m bone scintigraphy was found to be superior to radiography in both defining the extent of involvement and in picking up early lesions. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. PMID:4045902

Technetium radiodiagnostic fatty acids derived from bisamide bisthiol ligands

DOEpatents

Jones, Alun G.; Lister-James, John; Davison, Alan

1988-05-24

A bisamide-bisthiol ligand containing fatty acid substituted thiol useful for producing Tc-labelled radiodiagnostic imaging agents is described. The ligand forms a complex with the radionuclide .sup.99m Tc suitable for administration as a radiopharmaceutical to obtain images of the heart for diagnosis of myocardial disfunction.

An Experimental Comparison of Two Different Technetium Source Activities Which Can Imitate Thyroid Scintigraphy in Case of Thyroid Toxic Nodule

PubMed Central

Miftari, Ramë; Fejza, Ferki; Bicaj, Xhavit; Nura, Adem; Topciu, Valdete; Bajrami, Ismet

2014-01-01

Purpose: In cases of thyroid toxic autonomous nodule, anterior projection of Tc-99m pertechnetate image shows a hot nodule that occupies most, or the entire thyroid lobe with near-total or total suppression of the contra lateral lobe. In this case is very difficult to distinguish toxic nodule from lobe agenesis. Our interest was to estimate and determinate the rate of radioactivity when the source with high activity can make total suppression of the second source with low activity in same conditions with thyroid scintigraphy procedures. Material and methodology: Thyroid scintigraphy was performed with Technetium 99 meta stable pertechnetate. A parallel high resolution low energy collimator was used as an energy setting of 140 KeV photo peak for T-99m. Images are acquired at 200 Kilo Counts in the anterior projection with the collimator positioned as close as the patient’s extended neck (approximately in distance of 18 cm). The scintigraphy of thyroid gland was performed 15 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.5 mCi Tc-99m pertechnetate. Technetium 99 meta stable radioactive sources with different activity were used for two scintigraphies studies, performed in same thyroid scintigraphy acquisition procedures. In the first study, were compared the standard source with high activity A=11.2 mCi with sources with variable activities B=1.33 mCi; 1.03 mCi; 0.7 mCi; 0.36 mCi; and 0.16mCi) in distance of 1.5cm from each other sources, which is approximately same with distance between two thyroid lobes. In the second study were compared the sources with low activity in proportion 70:1(source A = 1.5 mCi and source B=0.021mCi). As clinical studies we preferred two different patents with different thyroid disorders. There were one patient with thyroid toxic nodule in the right lobe, therefore the second patient was with left thyroid nodule agenesis. Results: During our examination, we accurately determined that two radioactive sources in proportion 70:1 will be displayed as only one source with complete suppression of other source with low radioactivity. Also we found that covering of toxic nodules with lead cover (plaque), can allow visualization of activity in suppressed lobe. Conclusion: Our study concluded that total lobe suppression, in cases of patients with thyroid toxic nodule, will happened for sure, if toxic nodule had accumulated seventy times more radioactivity than normal lobe. Also we concluded that covering of the toxic nodule with lead plaque, may permit the presentation of radioactivity in suppressed nodule. PMID:24825932

Experimental Observations of Nuclear Activity in Deuterated Materials Subjected to a Low-Energy Photon Beam

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steinetz, Bruce M.; Benyo, Theresa L.; Pines, Vladimir; Pines, Marianna; Forsley, Lawrence P.; Westmeyer, Paul A.; Chait, Arnon; Becks, Michael D.; Martin, Richard E.; Hendricks, Robert C.;

99mTc-labeling of HYNIC-conjugated cyclic RGDfK dimer and tetramer using EDDA as coligand.

PubMed

Wang, Jianjun; Kim, Young-Seung; Liu, Shuang

2008-03-01

In this study, EDDA (ethylenediamine- N, N'-diacetic acid) was used as the coligand for 99mTc-labeling of cyclic RGDfK conjugates: HYNIC-dimer (HYNIC = 6-hydrazinonicotinamide; dimer = E[c(RGDfK)]2) and HYNIC-tetramer (tetramer = E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2). First, HYNIC-dimer was allowed to react with 99mTcO4 (-) in the presence of excess tricine and stannous chloride to form the intermediate complex [99mTc(HYNIC-dimer)(tricine)2], which was then allowed to react with EDDA to afford [99mTc(HYNIC-dimer)(EDDA)] with high yield (>90%) and high specific activity ( approximately 8.0 Ci/micromol). Under the same radiolabeling conditions, the yield for [99mTc(HYNIC-tetramer)(EDDA)] was always <65%. The results from a mixed-ligand experiment show that there is only one EDDA bonding to the 99mTc-HYNIC core in [99mTc(HYNIC-dimer)(EDDA)]. The athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous U87MG human glioma xenografts were used to evaluate the impact of EDDA coligand on the biodistribution characteristics and excretion kinetics of the 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-dimer and HYNIC-tetramer. Surprisingly, [99mTc(HYNIC-dimer)(EDDA)] and [99mTc(HYNIC-tetramer)(EDDA)] had almost identical tumor uptake over the 2 h period. The use of EDDA as coligand to replace tricine/TPPTS (TPPTS = trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3',3''-trisulfonate) did not significantly change the uptake of the 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-dimer in noncancerous organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs; but it did result in a significantly lower kidney uptake for the 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-tetramer due to faster renal excretion. It was also found that the radiotracer tumor uptake decreases in a linear fashion as the tumor size increases. The smaller the tumors are, the higher the tumor uptake is regardless of the identity of radiotracer.

Tc-99m TRODAT uptake in an osteoid tumor of clivus.

PubMed

Taywade, Sameer; Tripathi, Madhavi; Tandon, Vivek; Das, Chandan Jyoti; Damle, Nishikant Avinash; Shamim, Shamim Ahmed; Thukral, Parul; Bal, Chandrasekhar

2016-01-01

Tc-99m TRODAT is cocaine analog and binds to the dopamine transporter in vivo . Tc-99m TRODAT single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. (SPECT/CT) is useful for demonstrating presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction in patients with Parkinsonism. However, few reports have shown extrastriatal uptake of Tc-99m TRODAT. We present the case of a 67-year-old male who underwent Tc-99m TRODAT SPECT/CT for evaluation of Parkinsonism. In addition to tracer binding in the striatum, tracer uptake was noted in an osteoid tumor of the clivus. Integrated SPECT/CT enabled precise localization and characterization of the extrastriatal site of tracer binding and emphasizes the importance of such coincidental findings.

[Importance of parathyroid SPECT and 99mTc scintigraphy, and of clinical, laboratorial, ultrasonographic and citologic correlation in the pre-operative localization of the parathyroid adenoma - pictorial assay].

PubMed

Oliveira, Marco Antônio Condé de; Maeda, Sérgio Setsuo; Dreyer, Patrícia; Lobo, Alberto; Andrade, Victor Piana de; Hoff, Ana O; Biscolla, Rosa Paula Mello; Smanio, Paola; Brandão, Cynthia M A; Vieira, José G

2010-06-01

In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, candidates for surgical intervention, the parathyroid pre-operative localization is of fundamental importance in planning the appropriate surgical approach. The additional acquisition of SPECT and Technetium-99m images, during parathyroid scintigraphy with Sestamibi, is not common practice. Usually, only planar image acquisition, 15 minutes prior and 2 hours after radiopharmaceutical administration, is performed. In our experience, the complete protocol in parathyroid scintigraphy increases the accuracy of pre-operative parathyroid localization. The complete utilization of all available nuclear medicine methods (SPECT e 99mTc) and image interpretation in a multidisciplinary context can improve the accuracy of parathyroid scintigraphy.

A rare case of suprahepatic gall bladder with phocomelia and pancytopenia: detected by tc-99m mebrofenin scintigraphy.

PubMed

Rather, Tanveeer Ah; Khan, Shoukat H; Singh, Manjeet; Choh, Naseer A

2013-01-01

The possibility of an ectopic gallbladder should always be considered whenever there is a failure to localize it in its normal anatomical position on routine imaging. Although a very rare entity, the anomalous position of gallbladder can result in misinterpretation of imaging findings and create clinical confusion. Awareness of such an anomaly facilitates proper diagnosis and subsequent management. The authors report a very rare case of suprahepatic gallbladder associated with phocomelia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly in a young 25-year-old female. The suprahepatic gallbladder was initially visualized on Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) Mebrofenin radionuclide hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Subsequent magnetic resonance cholecystopancreatography (MRCP) was also done to confirm the diagnosis.

Multifocal hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma without metastases.

PubMed

Nishida, Akiko T; Hirano, Shigeru; Asato, Ryo; Tanaka, Shinzo; Kitani, Yoshiharu; Honda, Nobumitsu; Fujiki, Nobuya; Miyata, Kouji; Fukushima, Hideyuki; Ito, Juichi

2008-09-01

Hyperthyroidism due to thyroid carcinoma is rare, and most cases are caused by hyperfunctioning metastatic thyroid carcinoma rather than primary carcinoma. Among primary hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma, multifocal thyroid carcinoma is exceedingly rare, with the only one case being reported in the literature. Here, we describe the case of a 62-year-old woman with multifocal functioning thyroid carcinoma. Technetium-99m (99m Tc) scintigraphic imaging showed four hot areas in the thyroid gland. Histopathological examination of all four nodules revealed papillary carcinoma, corresponding to hot areas in the 99m Tc scintigram. DNA sequencing of the thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) gene from all nodules revealed no mutation, indicating that activation of TSH-R was unlikely in the pathophysiogenesis of hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma in the present case.

A Rare Case of Suprahepatic Gall Bladder with Phocomelia and Pancytopenia: Detected by Tc-99m Mebrofenin Scintigraphy

PubMed Central

Rather, Tanveeer Ah; Khan, Shoukat H.; Singh, Manjeet; Choh, Naseer A.

2013-01-01

The possibility of an ectopic gallbladder should always be considered whenever there is a failure to localize it in its normal anatomical position on routine imaging. Although a very rare entity, the anomalous position of gallbladder can result in misinterpretation of imaging findings and create clinical confusion. Awareness of such an anomaly facilitates proper diagnosis and subsequent management. The authors report a very rare case of suprahepatic gallbladder associated with phocomelia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly in a young 25-year-old female. The suprahepatic gallbladder was initially visualized on Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) Mebrofenin radionuclide hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Subsequent magnetic resonance cholecystopancreatography (MRCP) was also done to confirm the diagnosis. PMID:23961256

Novel 99mTc(III)-azide complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (CDOH2=cyclohexanedione dioxime) as potential radiotracers for heart imaging.

PubMed

Liu, Min; Zheng, Yumin; Avcibasi, Ugur; Liu, Shuang

2016-11-01

In this study, novel 99m Tc(III)-azide complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] ( 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 : R=IS; 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 : R=MP; 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 : R=PA; 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 : R=PY; and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 : R=5U) were evaluated as heart imaging agents. Complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] (R=IS, MP, PA, PY and 5U) were prepared by ligand exchange between NaN 3 and [ 99m TcCl(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their initial heart uptake and myocardial retention. 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were prepared with high RCP (93-98%) while the RCP of 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 was 80-85%. The myocardial retention curves of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-time of the fast component was 1.6±0.4min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 0.7±0.1min for 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 0.9±0.4min for 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 . The 2-min heart uptake from biodistribution studies followed the ranking order of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 (3.60±0.68%ID/g)> 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 (2.35±0.37%ID/g)≫ 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 (1.29±0.06%ID/g). 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 had the highest 2-min heart uptake among 99m Tc radiotracers revaluated in SD rats. High quality SPECT images were obtained with the right and left ventricular walls being clearly delineated. The best image acquisition window was 0-5min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 . Both azide coligand and boronate caps had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Among the radiotracers evaluated in SD rats, 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 has the highest initial heart uptake with the heart retention comparable to that of 99m Tc-Teboroxime. 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 is a promising alternative to 99m Tc-Teboroxime for SPECT MPI. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

p-Tertbutylcalix[4]arene nanoemulsion: preparation, characterization and comparative evaluation of its decontamination efficacy against Technetium-99m, Iodine-131 and Thallium-201.

PubMed

Rana, Sudha; Sharma, Navneet; Ojha, Himanshu; Shivkumar, Hosakote Gurumalappa; Sultana, Sarwat; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar

2014-05-01

This study aimed to develop p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene o/w nanoemulsion for decontamination of radioisotopes from skin. Formulation was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multi-photon confocal microscopy techniques and in vitro dissolution studies. In vivo evaluation of nano-emulsion was done using nuclear medicine technique. Stability studies and dermal toxicity studies were also carried out. Comparative decontamination efficacy (DE) studies were performed on synthetic human tissue equivalent material and Sprague Dawley rat against three commonly used medical radioisotopes, i.e., Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), Iodine-131 ((131)I) and Thallium-201 ((201)Tl). Decontamination was performed using cotton swabs soaked in nanoemulsion at different time intervals of contaminants exposure. Whole body imaging and static counts were recorded using gamma camera before and after each decontamination attempt data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). DE of the nanoemulsion loaded with p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene was observed to be 88±5%, 90±3% and 89±3% for (99m)Tc, (131)I and (201)Tl respectively. Dermal toxicity studies revealed no significant differences between treated and control animals. Skin histopathology slides with and without API (Active pharmaceutical ingredients) also found to be comparable. p-Tertbutylcalix[4]arene loaded nanoemulsion shows great promise for skin decontamination against broad ranges of radiological contaminants besides being stable and safe. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dual-modality imaging with 99mTc and fluorescent indocyanine green using surface-modified silica nanoparticles for biopsy of the sentinel lymph node: an animal study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background We propose a new approach to facilitate sentinel node biopsy examination by multimodality imaging in which radioactive and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles depict deeply situated sentinel nodes and fluorescent nodes with anatomical resolution in the surgical field. For this purpose, we developed polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-coated silica nanoparticles loaded with technetium-99m (99mTc) and indocyanine green (ICG). Methods We conducted animal studies to test the feasibility and utility of this dual-modality imaging probe. The mean diameter of the PAMAM-coated silica nanoparticles was 30 to 50 nm, as evaluated from the images of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The combined labeling with 99mTc and ICG was verified by thin-layer chromatography before each experiment. A volume of 0.1 ml of the nanoparticle solution (7.4 MBq, except for one rat that was injected with 3.7 MBq, and 1 μg of an ICG derivative [ICG-sulfo-OSu]) was injected submucosally into the tongue of six male Wistar rats. Results Scintigraphic images showed increased accumulation of 99mTc in the neck of four of the six rats. Nineteen lymph nodes were identified in the dissected neck of the six rats, and a contact radiographic study showed three nodes with a marked increase in uptake and three nodes with a weak uptake. NIR fluorescence imaging provided real-time clear fluorescent images of the lymph nodes in the neck with anatomical resolution. Six lymph nodes showed weak (+) to strong (+++) fluorescence, whereas other lymph nodes showed no fluorescence. Nodes showing increased radioactivity coincided with the fluorescent nodes. The radioactivity of 15 excised lymph nodes from the four rats was assayed using a gamma well counter. Comparisons of the levels of radioactivity revealed a large difference between the high-fluorescence-intensity group (four lymph nodes; mean, 0.109% ± 0.067%) and the low- or no-fluorescence-intensity group (11 lymph nodes; mean, 0.001% ± 0.000%, p < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that small black granules were localized to and dispersed within the cytoplasm of macrophages in the lymph nodes. Conclusion Although further studies are needed to determine the appropriate dose of the dual-imaging nanoparticle probe for effective sensitivity and safety, the results of this animal study revealed a novel method for improved node detection by a dual-modality approach for sentinel lymph node biopsy. PMID:23618132

A comparison of rat SPECT images obtained using (99m)Tc derived from 99Mo produced by an electron accelerator with that from a reactor.

PubMed

Galea, R; Wells, R G; Ross, C K; Lockwood, J; Moore, K; Harvey, J T; Isensee, G H

2013-05-07

Recent shortages of molybdenum-99 ((99)Mo) have led to an examination of alternate production methods that could contribute to a more robust supply. An electron accelerator and the photoneutron reaction were used to produce (99)Mo from which technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) is extracted. SPECT images of rat anatomy obtained using the accelerator-produced (99m)Tc with those obtained using (99m)Tc from a commercial generator were compared. Disks of (100)Mo were irradiated with x-rays produced by a 35 MeV electron beam to generate about 1110 MBq (30 mCi) of (99)Mo per disk. After target dissolution, a NorthStar ARSII unit was used to separate the (99m)Tc, which was subsequently used to tag pharmaceuticals suitable for cardiac and bone imaging. SPECT images were acquired for three rats and compared to images for the same three rats obtained using (99m)Tc from a standard reactor (99)Mo generator. The efficiency of (99)Mo-(99m)Tc separation was typically greater than 90%. This study demonstrated the delivery of (99m)Tc from the end of beam to the end user of approximately 30 h. Images obtained using the heart and bone scanning agents using reactor and linac-produced (99m)Tc were comparable. High-power electron accelerators are an attractive option for producing (99)Mo on a national scale.

L-arginine supplementation prevents increases in intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in male Swiss mice subjected to physical exercise under environmental heat stress.

PubMed

Costa, Kátia Anunciação; Soares, Anne Danieli Nascimento; Wanner, Samuel Penna; Santos, Rosana das Graças Carvalho dos; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; Martins, Flaviano dos Santos; Nicoli, Jacques Robert; Coimbra, Cândido Celso; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

2014-02-01

Dietary supplementation with l-arginine has been shown to improve the intestinal barrier in many experimental models. This study investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on the intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation (BT) induced by prolonged physical exercise under heat stress. Under anesthesia, male Swiss mice (5-wk-old) were implanted with an abdominal sensor to record their core body temperature (T(core)). After recovering from surgery, the mice were divided into 3 groups: a non-supplemented group that was fed the standard diet formulated by the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G; control), a non-supplemented group that was fed the AIN-93G diet and subjected to exertional hyperthermia (H-NS), and a group supplemented with l-arginine at 2% and subjected to exertional hyperthermia (H-Arg). After 7 d of treatment, the H-NS and H-Arg mice were forced to run on a treadmill (60 min, 8 m/min) in a warm environment (34°C). The control mice remained at 24°C. Thirty min before the exercise or control trials, the mice received a diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution labeled with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc-DTPA) or (99m)Tc-Escherichia coli by gavage to assess intestinal permeability and BT, respectively. The H-NS mice terminated the exercise with T(core) values of ∼40°C, and, 4 h later, presented a 12-fold increase in the blood uptake of (99m)Tc-DTPA and higher bacterial contents in the blood and liver than the control mice. Although supplementation with arginine did not change the exercise-induced increase in T(core), it prevented the increases in intestinal permeability and BT caused by exertional hyperthermia. Our results indicate that dietary l-arginine supplementation preserves the integrity of the intestinal epithelium during exercise under heat stress, acting through mechanisms that are independent of T(core) regulation.

In-house cyclotron production of high-purity Tc-99m and Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals.

PubMed

Martini, Petra; Boschi, Alessandra; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Zagni, Federico; Corazza, Andrea; Uccelli, Licia; Pasquali, Micòl; Pupillo, Gaia; Marengo, Mario; Loriggiola, Massimo; Skliarova, Hanna; Mou, Liliana; Cisternino, Sara; Carturan, Sara; Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Uzunov, Nikolay M; Bello, Michele; Alvarez, Carlos Rossi; Esposito, Juan; Duatti, Adriano

2018-05-30

In the last years, the technology for producing the important medical radionuclide technetium-99m by cyclotrons has become sufficiently mature to justify its introduction as an alternative source of the starting precursor [ 99m Tc][TcO 4 ] - ubiquitously employed for the production of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals in hospitals. These technologies make use almost exclusively of the nuclear reaction 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc that allows direct production of Tc-99m. In this study, it is conjectured that this alternative production route will not replace the current supply chain based on the distribution of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, but could become a convenient emergency source of Tc-99m only for in-house hospitals equipped with a conventional, low-energy, medical cyclotron. On this ground, an outline of the essential steps that should be implemented for setting up a hospital radiopharmacy aimed at the occasional production of Tc-99m by a small cyclotron is discussed. These include (1) target production, (2) irradiation conditions, (3) separation/purification procedures, (4) terminal sterilization, (5) quality control, and (6) Mo-100 recovery. To address these issues, a comprehensive technology for cyclotron-production of Tc-99m, developed at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), will be used as a reference example. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: a review.

PubMed

Shi, Keliang; Hou, Xiaolin; Roos, Per; Wu, Wangsuo

2012-01-04

Due to the lack of a stable technetium isotope, and the high mobility and long half-life, (99)Tc is considered to be one of the most important radionuclides in safety assessment of environmental radioactivity as well as nuclear waste management. (99)Tc is also an important tracer for oceanographic research due to the high technetium solubility in seawater as TcO(4)(-). A number of analytical methods, using chemical separation combined with radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques, have been developed over the past decades for determination of (99)Tc in different environmental samples. This article summarizes and compares recently reported chemical separation procedures and measurement methods for determination of (99)Tc. Due to the extremely low concentration of (99)Tc in environmental samples, the sample preparation, pre-concentration, chemical separation and purification for removal of the interferences for detection of (99)Tc are the most important issues governing the accurate determination of (99)Tc. These aspects are discussed in detail in this article. Meanwhile, the different measurement techniques for (99)Tc are also compared with respect to advantages and drawbacks. Novel automated analytical methods for rapid determination of (99)Tc using solid extraction or ion exchange chromatography for separation of (99)Tc, employing flow injection or sequential injection approaches are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physiological expression of pancreatic somatostatin receptors in 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy.

PubMed

de la Cueva, L; Lloro, P; Sangrós, M J; López Vélez, L; Navarro, P; Sarria, L; Álvarez, S; Abós, D

2017-07-01

To describe the frequency of head and/or pancreas uncinate process uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC, to study its nature, and analyze its diagnostic value. Retrospective evaluation of 47 consecutive 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC examinations was conducted. Head and/or pancreas uncinate process uptake was considered to be physiological in patients with normal CT at the same episode and in follow-up. It was analyzed if age or diabetes mellitus was justifying the existence or not of uptake. 32.5% patients showed uptake; 73% of them were mild. 84.6% patients with uptake have no pathology and 4% had neuroendocrine pancreatic disease at CT. Neither the age nor the diabetes mellitus established differences in patients without lesion. Near one-third of patients show physiological uptake by head and/or pancreas uncinate process at 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy. It seems that neither the diabetes nor the ages are factors that determine this physiological uptake.

Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m-labeled RRL-containing peptide as a non-invasive tumor imaging agent in a mouse fibrosarcoma model.

PubMed

Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

2015-11-01

Arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) is considered a tumor endothelial cell-specific binding sequence. RRL-containing peptide targeting tumor vessels is an excellent candidate for tumor imaging. In this study, we developed RRL-containing hexapeptides and evaluated their feasibility as a tumor imaging agent in a HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing murine model. The hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-RRL was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. Uptake of Tc-99m ECG-RRL within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro by confocal microscopy and cellular binding affinity was calculated. Gamma images were acquired In HT-1080 fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice, and the tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio was calculated. The inflammatory-to-normal muscle uptake ratio was also calculated in an inflammation mouse model. A biodistribution study was performed to calculate %ID/g. A high yield of Tc-99m ECG-RRL complexes was prepared after Tc-99m radiolabeling. Binding of Tc-99m ECG-RRL to tumor cells had was confirmed by in vitro studies. Gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-RRL accumulated substantially in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor and that tumoral uptake was blocked by co-injecting excess RRL. Moreover, Tc-99m ECG-RRL accumulated minimally in inflammatory lesions. We successfully developed Tc-99m ECG-RRL as a new tumor imaging candidate. Specific tumoral uptake of Tc-99m ECG-RRL was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and it was determined to be a good tumor imaging candidate. Additionally, Tc-99m ECG-RRL effectively distinguished between cancerous tissue and inflammatory lesions.

Study of irradiated bone. III. Scintigraphic and radiographic detection of radiation-induced osteosarcomas. [/sup 99m/Tc-pyrophosphate; rabbits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

King, M.A.; Casarett, G.W.; Weber, D.A.

1980-05-01

Within 1 yr after localized irradiation of a hind limb with single (1756 rads) or fractionated (4650 rads in 3 wk) x-ray doses, radiation-induced osteosarcomas were observed in four of nine single-dose rabbits and two of 11 fractionated-dose rabbits. Tumors were observed in the proximal tibia in five cases and the distal femur in one case. In terms of production of osteoid or osseous tissue, three tumors were well differentiated, one slightly differentiated, and two (spindle-cell tumors) undifferentiated. This report summarizes the Tc-99m pyrophosphate (TcPPi) imaging and autoradiographic, radiographic, and histologic studies of these osteosarcomas. The four differentiated osteosarcomas weremore » detected 1 to 2.5 mo earlier by TcPPi imaging than by radiography, whereas the two undifferentiated tumors were suspected 2 wk or 3.5 mo earlier radiographically. Autoradiograms showed TcPPi localization in bone produced by differentiated osteosarcomas, and in regions of reactive bone resorption and formation peripheral to tumors. The results support a recommendation for combined radiographic and scintigraphic techniques for the early detection of osteosarcomas.« less

Reactor shutdown delays medical procedures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gwynne, Peter

2008-01-01

A longer-than-expected maintenance shutdown of the Canadian nuclear reactor that produces North America's entire supply of molybdenum-99 - from which the radioactive isotopes technetium-99 and iodine-131 are made - caused delays to the diagnosis and treatment of thousands of seriously ill patients last month. Technetium-99 is a key component of nuclear-medicine scans, while iodine-131 is used to treat cancer and other diseases of the thyroid. Production eventually resumed, but only after the Canadian government had overruled the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC), which was still concerned about the reactor's safety.

Investigation of radioactivity concentration in spent technetium generators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Idriss, Hajo; Salih, Isam; Alaamer, Abdulaziz S.; Eisa, M. H.; Sam, A. K.

2014-04-01

This study was carried out to survey and measure radioactivity concentration and estimate radiation dose level at the surface of spent technetium generator columns for the safe final disposal of radioactive waste. High resolution γ-spectrometry with the aid of handheld radiation survey meters has been used. The radioactivity measurements has shown that 238U, 40K and 137Cs were only measurable in one sample whereas 125Sb was found in 14 samples out of total of 20 samples with an activity concentration which ranged from 21 to 7404 with an average value of 1095 Bq/kg. The activity concentration of 125Sb is highly variable indicating that the spent 99mTc generator columns are of different origin. This investigation highlighted the importance of radiation monitoring of spent technetium generators in the country in order to protect workers, and the public from the dangers posed by radioactive waste.

Investigations of (99m)Tc-labeled glucarate as a SPECT radiotracer for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and potential tumor uptake mechanism.

PubMed

Meng, Lanfang; Xiu, Yan; Li, Yanli; Xu, Xiaobo; Li, Shanqun; Li, Xiao; Pak, Koon Y; Shi, Hongcheng; Cheng, Dengfeng

2015-07-01

This study attempted to evaluate the feasibility of (99m)Tc-labeled glucarate ((99m)Tc-GLA) imaging in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the potential tumor uptake mechanism. Cell lysates from two NSCLC cell lines, H292 and H1975, were immunoblotted with anti-glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) antibody for Western blotting. Thereafter, the two cell lines were used to examine cellular uptake of (99m)Tc-GLA with or without fructose. SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed on small animals bearing H292 and H1975 tumors. Biodistribution studies were also conducted to achieve accurate tissue uptake of this tracer in two tumor models. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and GLUT5, Ki67 and cytokeratin-7 (CK-7) immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis were further investigated on tumor tissues. In Western blotting, H292 cells showed higher levels of GLUT5 compared to the H1975 cells. Meanwhile, the in vitro cell assays indicated GLUT5-dependent uptake of (99m)Tc-GLA in H292 and H1975 cells. The fructose competition assays showed a significant decrease in (99m)Tc-GLA uptake by H292 and H1975 cells when fructose was added. The (99m)Tc-GLA accumulation was as much as two-fold higher in H292 implanted tumors than in H1975 implanted tumors. (99m)Tc-GLA exhibited rapid clearance pharmacokinetics and reasonable uptake in human NSCLC H292 (1.69±0.37 ID%/g) and H1975 (0.89±0.06 ID%/g) implanted tumors at 30min post injection. Finally, the expression of GLUT5, Ki67 and CK-7 on tumor tissues also exhibited positive correlation with the in vitro cell test results and in vivo SPECT/CT imaging results in xenograft tumors. Both in vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated that the uptake of (99m)Tc-GLA in NSCLC is highly related to GLUT5 expression. Imaging and further IHC results support that (99m)Tc-GLA could be a promising SPECT imaging agent for NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Proceedings from the 2011 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Research Summit

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

technetium-99m sulfur colloid) that is then detect- able on nuclear imaging. The tracer enters the inter- stitial space, flows to lymphatic capillaries, and be... cochlear function. The focus of future studies is to further characterize the TGF- signaling pathway and its effects on bone extracellular matrix quality

Structural and Perfusion Abnormalities of Brain on MRI and Technetium-99m-ECD SPECT in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study.

PubMed

Rana, Kamer Singh; Narwal, Varun; Chauhan, Lokesh; Singh, Giriraj; Sharma, Monica; Chauhan, Suneel

2016-04-01

Cerebral palsy has traditionally been associated with hypoxic ischemic brain damage. This study was undertaken to demonstrate structural and perfusion brain abnormalities. Fifty-six children diagnosed clinically as having cerebral palsy were studied between 1 to 14 years of age and were subjected to 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain and Technetium-99m-ECD brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1 with a mean age of 4.16 ± 2.274 years. Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common type, observed in 91%. Birth asphyxia was the most common etiology (69.6%). White matter changes (73.2%) such as periventricular leukomalacia and corpus callosal thinning were the most common findings on MRI. On SPECT all cases except one revealed perfusion impairments in different regions of brain. MRI is more sensitive in detecting white matter changes, whereas SPECT is better in detecting cortical and subcortical gray matter abnormalities of perfusion. © The Author(s) 2015.

A prospective evaluation of preoperative localization by technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasonography in primary hyperparathyroidism.

PubMed

Lo, Chung-Yau; Lang, Brian H; Chan, W F; Kung, Annie W C; Lam, Karen S L

2007-02-01

Ultrasonography (USG) and technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy are commonly used imaging modalities in the era of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, their relative importance and actual contribution to MIP have not been prospectively assessed. A total of 100 consecutive pHPT patients planning for MIP were recruited. Both USG and MIBI findings were correlated with intraoperative findings and postoperative outcome. Clinicopathologic factors were examined for potential association with a correct localizing result. Thirty men and 70 women (age range 13 to 93 years [median 55.5]) were included in the study. The final pathology included 98 patients with solitary adenoma and 2 patients with multiglandular disease. The sensitivities, accuracies, and positive predicted values for USG and MIBI alone were 57% vs 89%, 56% vs 85%, and 97% vs 94%, respectively. Correctly localized adenomas were significantly heavier than incorrectly localized ones. MIBI is preferred over USG in pHPT patients planning for MIP. Weight of adenoma appeared to be the only clinicopathologic factor determining localization accuracy.

Detection of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice using (99m)Tc-duramycin.

PubMed

Liu, Zhonglin; Larsen, Brandon T; Lerman, Lilach O; Gray, Brian D; Barber, Christy; Hedayat, Ahmad F; Zhao, Ming; Furenlid, Lars R; Pak, Koon Y; Woolfenden, James M

2016-08-01

Apoptosis of macrophages and smooth muscle cells is linked to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. The apoptotic cascade leads to exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, thereby making apoptosis detectable using probes targeting PE. The objective of this study was to exploit capabilities of a PE-specific imaging probe, (99m)Tc-duramycin, in localizing atherosclerotic plaque and assessing plaque evolution in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced in ApoE(-/-) mice by feeding an atherogenic diet. (99m)Tc-duramycin images were acquired using a small-animal SPECT imager. Six ApoE(-/-) mice at 20weeks of age (Group I) were imaged and then sacrificed for ex vivo analyses. Six additional ApoE(-/-) mice (Group II) were imaged at 20 and 40weeks of age before sacrifice. Six ApoE wild-type (ApoE(+/+)) mice (Group III) were imaged at 40weeks as controls. Five additional ApoE(-/-) mice (40weeks of age) (Group IV) were imaged with a (99m)Tc-labeled inactive peptide, (99m)Tc-LinDUR, to assess (99m)Tc-duramycin targeting specificity. Focal (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the ascending aorta and aortic arch was detected at 20 and 40weeks in the ApoE(-/-) mice but not in ApoE(+/+) mice. (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the aortic lesions increased 2.2-fold on quantitative imaging in the ApoE(-/-) mice between 20 and 40weeks. Autoradiographic and histological data indicated significantly increased (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the ascending aorta and aortic arch associated with advanced plaques. Quantitative autoradiography showed that the ratio of activity in the aortic arch to descending thoracic aorta, which had no plaques or radioactive uptake, was 2.1 times higher at 40weeks than at 20weeks (6.62±0.89 vs. 3.18±0.29, P<0.01). There was barely detectable focal uptake of (99m)Tc-duramycin in the aortic arch of ApoE(+/+) mice. No detectable (99m)Tc-LinDUR uptake was observed in the aortas of ApoE(-/-) mice. PE-targeting properties of (99m)Tc-duramycin in the atherosclerotic mouse aortas were noninvasively characterized. (99m)Tc-duramycin is promising in localizing advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of Technetium Getters to Improve the Performance of Cast Stone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Neeway, James J.; Qafoku, Nikolla P.; Serne, R. Jeffrey

2015-11-01

Cast Stone has been selected as the preferred waste form for solidification of aqueous secondary liquid effluents from the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) process condensates and low-activity waste (LAW) melter off-gas caustic scrubber effluents. Cast Stone is also being evaluated as a supplemental immobilization technology to provide the necessary LAW treatment capacity to complete the Hanford tank waste cleanup mission in a timely and cost effective manner. One of the major radionuclides that Cast Stone has the potential to immobilize is technetium (Tc). The mechanism for immobilization is through the reduction of the highly mobile Tc(VII)more » species to the less mobile Tc(IV) species by the blast furnace slag (BFS) used in the Cast Stone formulation. Technetium immobilization through this method would be beneficial because Tc is one of the most difficult contaminants to address at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site due to its complex chemical behavior in tank waste, limited incorporation in mid- to high-temperature immobilization processes (vitrification, steam reformation, etc.), and high mobility in subsurface environments. In fact, the Tank Closure and Waste Management Environmental Impact Statement for the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington (TC&WM EIS) identifies technetium-99 ( 99Tc) as one of the radioactive tank waste components contributing the most to the environmental impact associated with the cleanup of the Hanford Site. The TC&WM EIS, along with an earlier supplemental waste-form risk assessment, used a diffusion-limited release model to estimate the release of different contaminants from the WTP process waste forms. In both of these predictive modeling exercises, where effective diffusivities based on grout performance data available at the time, groundwater at the 100-m down-gradient well exceeded the allowable maximum permissible concentrations for 99Tc. (900 pCi/L). Recent relatively short-term (63 day) leach tests conducted on both LAW and secondary waste Cast Stone monoliths indicated that 99Tc diffusivities were at or near diffusivities where the groundwater at the 100-m down-gradient well would exceed the allowable maximum permissible 99Tc concentrations. There is, therefore, a need and an opportunity to improve the retention of Tc in the Cast Stone waste form. One method to improve the performance of the Cast Stone waste form is through the addition of “getters” that selectively sequester Tc inside Cast Stone.« less

The distribution of 99mTc-EHDP in the tissues of the dog and its application in the assessment of fracture healing.

PubMed

Hughes, S

1977-07-01

Technetium-labelled ethane hydroxydiphosphonate (99mTc-EHDP) is a commonly used bone-scanning agent. After injection it leaves the circulation to enter bone and to be cleared by the kidney. The transcapillary exchange of 99mTc-EHDP in bone was examined and found to be low. The capillary movement was compared with that of sucrose, a freely diffusible substance, and it was found that the permeability ratio of 99mTc-EHDP to 14C-sucrose was similar to the diffusion coefficient ratio, suggesting that 99mTc-EHDP passes through the capillaries by the process of passive diffusion. The renal clearance of 99mTc-EHDP was 24 ml/min and was unaffected by the action of parathyroid hormone. After a fracture the bone blood flow increases, although the transcapillary extraction of 99mTc-EHDP does not change. This is because there is an increase, from recruitment and dilatation of capillaries, in the surface area available for exchange. Therefore the increased isotopic activity seen on a bone scan after a fracture is primarily related to an increase in bone blood supply from capillary enhancement within the cortex.

Design and Evaluation of New Tc-99m-Labeled Lactam Bridge-Cyclized Alpha-MSH Peptides for Melanoma Imaging

PubMed Central

Guo, Haixun; Gallazzi, Fabio; Miao, Yubin

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of new 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides using bifunctional chelating agents. MAG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex peptides were synthesized and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of 99mTc-MAG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, 99mTc-AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, 99mTc(CO)3-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex and 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h post-injection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The IC50 values of MAG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were 1.0 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.19 and 0.6 ± 0.04 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four 99mTc-peptides, 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (14.14 ± 4.90% ID/g) and fastest urinary clearance (91.26 ± 1.96% ID) at 2 h post-injection. 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were 2.50 and 3.55 at 4 and 24 h post-injection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future. PMID:23418722

99mTc-HYNIC-TOC increased uptake can mimic malignancy in the pancreas uncinate process at somatostatin receptor SPECT/CT.

PubMed

Yamaga, Lilian Yuri Itaya; Neto, Guilherme Campos Carvalho; da Cunha, Marcelo Livorsi; Osawa, Akemi; Oliveira, Julio Cesar Silveira; Fonseca, Ricardo Quartim; Nogueira, Solange Amorim; Wagner, Jairo; Funari, Marcelo Gusmão

2016-03-01

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and frequency of increased physiologic uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC by the uncinate process of the pancreas in SPECT/CT images. Forty-six scans of 41 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC was considered to be physiologic in patients with normal findings at dedicated abdominal CT or MR and lack of neoplastic lesions in clinical follow-ups. The intensity of uncinate process uptake was compared to the uptake of the normal liver. Focal uptake was attributed to the presence of pancreatic NET in 5 patients. Among the 36 patients without any evidence of malignancy in CT, MR and follow-up, 7 (19.4 %) showed increased uptake in the uncinate process. The intensity of uptake was lesser in 3 (8.3 %), similar in 3 and greater than the normal liver in 1 (2.8 %) case. Increased 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC uptake occurred in 19.4 % of those subjects without any evidence of neuroendocrine tumor in the uncinate process.

Synthesis of tripeptide derivatized cyclopentadienyl complexes of technetium and rhenium as radiopharmaceutical probes.

PubMed

Nadeem, Qaisar; Can, Daniel; Shen, Yunjun; Felber, Michael; Mahmood, Zaid; Alberto, Roger

2014-03-28

We describe the syntheses of half-sandwich complexes of the type [(η(5)-Cp(CONH-R))M(CO)3] with M = Re or (99m)Tc. The R group represents different tri-peptides (tpe) which display high binding affinities for oligopeptide transporters PEPT2. The (99m)Tc complexes were prepared directly from [(99m)Tc(OH2)3(CO)3](+) and Diels-Alder dimerized, cyclopentadienyl derivatized peptides in water. This approach corroborates the feasibility of metal-mediated retro Diels-Alder reactions for the preparation of not only small molecules but also peptides carrying a [(η(5)-Cp)(99m)Tc(CO)3] tag. We synthesized the Diels-Alder product [(HCpCONH-tpe)2] from Thiele's acid [(η(5)-HCpCOOH)2] via double peptide coupling. The Re-complexes [(η(5)-CpCONH-tpe)Re(CO)3] were obtained by attaching [(Cp-COOH)Re(CO)3] directly to the N-terminus of peptides as received from SPPS. The authenticity of the (99m)Tc-complexes is confirmed by chromatographic comparison with the corresponding rhenium complexes, fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques.

99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioiodine treatment.

PubMed

Czepczyński, Rafał; Gryczyńska, Maria; Ruchała, Marek

2016-01-01

In majority of cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), the ablative radioiodine treatment shows high efficacy. In a small number of patients, mechanism of selective iodine uptake by the DTC cells is insufficient and alternative methods of diagnosis and treatment are needed. As demonstrated in vitro, DTC cells show expression of somatostatin recep-tors. Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs are widely used in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of peptide receptor scintigraphy with the use of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the diagnosis of DTC in patients with elevated thyroglobulin concentrations (Tg), negative WBS and no effect of the consecutive radioiodine therapies. Whole body scintigraphy as well as SPECT of neck and chest were performed 3 and 24 h after i.v. administration of 740 MBq 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. The obtained images were compared with other radionuclide and ra-diological imaging methods. Forty-three patients with DTC after surgery and ablative radioiodine treatment with negative WBS and elevated Tg were qualified. Patients' age: 18-83 years (mean 58.0). SRS showed foci of tracer accumulation in 29 cases (67.4%). Sensitivity was 69.0% specificity 78.6%. SRS correctly identified local recurrence in 8 pts., metastatic lymph nodes in 19 pts., lung metastases in 12 pts. and bone metastases in 5 pts. SRS showed high sensitivity in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes (100%) and bone metastases (83.3%) and lung metastases (63.2%). Positive SRS was found in pts. with higher Tg concentrations (130 ± 144 vs. 30 ± 54 ng/ml). Scintigraphy with the use of the studied technetium-99m-labeled somatostatin analog is useful in the evaluation of patients with advanced DTC. It shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity but not high enough to be recommended as a routine imaging method. The role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in DTC is complementary to other imaging modalities.

Technetium-99m labeled red blood cells in the evaluation of hemangiosarcoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joseph, U.A.; Jhingran, S.G.

Imaging with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells (RBC) is increasingly being used in the detection of acute gastro-intestinal bleeding, especially in patients with intermittent bleeding. A patient is presented in whom the labeled RBC scan was helpful in the incidental discovery of a previously unsuspected probable angiosarcoma of the right femur and adjacent soft tissues of the right hip due to the blood pool or blush effect of the labeled cells. The labeled RBC scan also identified extravasation due to active gastrointestinal bleeding from a previously unknown angiosarcoma of the ascending colon. Thus, the Tc-99m labeled RBC scan was usefulmore » in simultaneously detecting extravasation and blood pool effect at two remote tumor sites in the same patient.« less

Radiolabelling of glycosylated MFE-23::CPG2 fusion protein (MFECP1) with 99mTc for quantitation of tumour antibody-enzyme localisation in antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (ADEPT).

PubMed

Francis, R J; Mather, S J; Chester, K; Sharma, S K; Bhatia, J; Pedley, R B; Waibel, R; Green, A J; Begent, R H J

2004-08-01

MFECP1 is a glycosylated recombinant fusion protein composed of MFE-23, a high-affinity anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) single chain Fv (scFv), fused to the enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), and has been constructed for use in antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (ADEPT). Radiolabelling of glycosylated MFECP1 with technetium-99m was developed for the purpose of determining tumour localisation of MFECP1 in a phase I ADEPT clinical study. The method used was 99mTc-carbonyl [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ (abbreviated to TcCO) mediated labelling of 99mTc to the hexahistidine (His) tag of MFECP1. MFECP1 fusion protein was labelled with TcCO under a variety of conditions, and this was shown to be a relatively simple and robust method. Tissue biodistribution was assessed in a CEA-expressing LS174T (human colon carcinoma) nude mouse xenograft model. Tissues were taken at 1, 4 and 6 h for assessment of distribution of radioactivity and for measurement of CPG2 enzyme levels. The amount of radioactivity retained by the tumour proved to be an accurate estimation of actual measured enzyme activity, indicating that this radiolabelling method does not appear to damage the antibody-antigen binding or the enzyme activity of MFECP1. However, correlation between CPG2 enzyme activity and measured radioactivity in liver, spleen and kidney was poor, indicating retention of radioactivity in non-tumour sites but loss of enzyme activity. The high retention of technetium radioisotope in normal tissues may limit the clinical applicability of this radiolabelling method for MFECP1; however, these results suggest that this technique does have applicability for measuring the biodistribution of His-tagged recombinant proteins.

In Vivo Imaging and Tracking of Technetium-99m Labeled Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Tendinopathy

PubMed Central

Dudhia, Jayesh; Becerra, Patricia; Valdés, Miguel A.; Neves, Francisco; Hartman, Neil G.; Smith, Roger K.W.

2015-01-01

Recent advances in the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in the horse suggest improved outcome measures in both experimental and clinical studies. Although the BMMSC are implanted into the tendon lesion in large numbers (usually 10 - 20 million cells), only a relatively small number survive (<10%) although these can persist for up to 5 months after implantation. This appears to be a common observation in other species where BMMSC have been implanted into other tissues and it is important to understand when this loss occurs, how many survive the initial implantation process and whether the cells are cleared into other organs. Tracking the fate of the cells can be achieved by radiolabeling the BMMSC prior to implantation which allows non-invasive in vivo imaging of cell location and quantification of cell numbers. This protocol describes a cell labeling procedure that uses Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and tracking of these cells following implantation into injured flexor tendons in horses. Tc-99m is a short-lived (t1/2 of 6.01 hr) isotope that emits gamma rays and can be internalized by cells in the presence of the lipophilic compound hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO). These properties make it ideal for use in nuclear medicine clinics for the diagnosis of many different diseases. The fate of the labeled cells can be followed in the short term (up to 36 hr) by gamma scintigraphy to quantify both the number of cells retained in the lesion and distribution of the cells into lungs, thyroid and other organs. This technique is adapted from the labeling of blood leukocytes and could be utilized to image implanted BMMSC in other organs. PMID:26709915

Evaluation of interobserver variability of parenchymal phase of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine and Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy

PubMed Central

Erdoğan, Zeynep; Abdülrezzak, Ümmühan; Silov, Güler; Özdal, Ayşegül; Turhal, Özgül

2014-01-01

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in the interpretation of parenchymal abnormalities and to assess the differences in interpretation of routine renal scintigraphic findings on posterior view of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (pvDMSA) scans and parenchymal phase of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (ppMAG3) scans by using standard criterions to make standardization and semiquantitative evaluation and to have more accurately correlation. Materials and Methods: Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians independently interpreted pvDMSA scans of 204 and ppMAG3 scans of 102 pediatric patients, retrospectively. Comparisons were made by visual inspection of pvDMSA scans, and ppMAG3 scans by using a grading system modified from Itoh et al. According to this, anatomical damage of the renal parenchyma was classified into six types: Grade 0-V. In the calculation of the agreement rates, Kendall correlation (tau-b) analysis was used. Results: According to our findings, excellent agreement was found for DMSA grade readings (DMSA-GR) (tau-b = 0.827) and good agreement for MAG3 grade readings (MAG3-GR) (tau-b = 0.790) between two observers. Most of clear parenchymal lesions detected on pvDMSA scans and ppMAG3 scans identified by observers equally. Studies with negative or minimal lesions reduced correlation degrees for both DMSA-GR and MAG3-GR. Conclusion: Our grading system can be used for standardization of the reports. We conclude that standardization of criteria and terminology in the interpretations may result in higher interobserver consistency, also improve low interobserver reproducibility and objectivity of renal scintigraphy reports. PMID:24761059

Detecting Myocardial Ischemia With 99mTechnetium-Tetrofosmin Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Ischemic Stroke.

PubMed

Giannopoulos, Sotirios; Markoula, Sofia; Sioka, Chrissa; Zouroudi, Sofia; Spiliotopoulou, Maria; Naka, Katerina K; Michalis, Lampros K; Fotopoulos, Andreas; Kyritsis, Athanassios P

2017-10-01

To assess the myocardial status in patients with stroke, employing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with 99m Technetium-tetrofosmin ( 99m Tc-TF)-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Fifty-two patients with ischemic stroke were subjected to 99m Tc-TF-SPECT MPI within 1 month after stroke occurrence. None of the patients had any history or symptoms of coronary artery disease or other heart disease. Myocardial perfusion imaging was evaluated visually using a 17-segment polar map. Myocardial ischemia (MIS) was defined as present when the summed stress score (SSS) was >4; MIS was defined as mild when SSS was 4 to 8, and moderate/severe with SSS ≥9. Patients with SSS >4 were compared to patients with SSS <4. Parameters such as age, body mass index, waist perimeter, smoking habits, and medical history (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, etc) were evaluated according to MPI results. Myocardial ischemia was present in 32 (62%) of 52 patients with stroke. Among them, 20 (62%) of 32 patients had mild abnormalities and 12 (38%) of 32 had moderate/severe. The age and waist perimeter showed a tendency to relate to severe MIS when patients with SSS >9 were compared to patients with SSS <4. In MPI-positive patients, an age was to be association with SSS, with the oldest age exhibiting the highest SSS ( P = .01). The association of age with SSS remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis ( P = .04). The study suggested that more than half of patients with stroke without a history of cardiac disease have MIS. Although most of them have mild MIS, we suggest a thorough cardiological evaluation in this group of patients for future prevention of severe myocardial outcome.

Technetium-99m tetrofosmin rest/stress myocardial SPET with a same-day 2-hour protocol: comparison with coronary angiography. A Spanish-Portuguese multicentre clinical trial.

PubMed

Montz, R; Perez-Castejón, M J; Jurado, J A; Martín-Comín, J; Esplugues, E; Salgado, L; Ventosa, A; Cantinho, G; Sá, E P; Fonseca, A T; Vieira, M R

1996-06-01

Technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Myoview) has unique properties for myocardial perfusion imaging very early after injection of the tracer. We used a very short same-day rest/stress protocol, to be performed within 2 h and evaluated its diagnostic accuracy. The study included 144 patients from seven Spanish and four Portuguese centres with a diagnosis of uncomplicated coronary artery disease (CAD); 78 patients (54%) had no history of prior myocardial infarction. Patients were injected with /=50%) was achieved with a sensitivity of 64% for the left anterior descending artery, 49% for the left circumflex artery and 86% for the right coronary artery, and an accuracy of 71%, 72% and 73% respectively. Concordance of SPET and CA was 62% for single-vessel disease and 68% for multivessel disease. In conclusion, this Spanish-Portuguese multicentre clinical trial confirmed, in a considerable number of patients who underwent coronary angiography, the feasibility of 99mTc tetrofosmin (Myoview) rest/stress myocardial SPET using a very short protocol (2 h).

New software for raw data mask processing increases diagnostic ability of myocardial SPECT imaging.

PubMed

Tanaka, Ryo; Yoshioka, Katsunori; Seino, Kazue; Ohba, Muneo; Nakamura, Tomoharu; Shimada, Katsuhiko

2011-05-01

Increased activity of myocardial perfusion tracer technetium-99m in liver and hepatobiliary system causes streak artifacts, which may affect clinical diagnosis. We developed a mask-processing tool for raw data generated using technetium-99m as a myocardial perfusion tracer. Here, we describe improvements in image quality under the influence of artifacts caused by high accumulation in other organs. A heart phantom (RH-2) containing 15 MBq of pertechnetate was defined as model A. Model B was designed in the same phantom containing ten times of cardiac radioactivity overlapping with other organs. Variance in the vertical profile count in the lower part of the myocardial inferior wall and in the myocardial circumferential profile curve were investigated in a phantom and clinical cases using our raw data masking (RDM) software. The profile variances at lower parts of myocardial inferior walls were 965.43 in model A, 1390.11 in model B and 815.85 in B-RDM. The mean ± SD of myocardial circumferential profile curves were 83.91 ± 7.39 in model A, 69.61 ± 11.45 in model B and 82.68 ± 9.71 in model B-RDM. For 11 clinical images with streak artifacts, the average of the variance significantly differed between with and without RDM (3.95 vs. 21.05; P < 0.05). For 50 clinical images with hepatic accumulation artifacts, the average of the variance on vertical profiles on images with and without RDM significantly differed (5.99 vs. 15.59; P < 0.01). Furthermore, when a segment with <60% uptake in polar maps was defined as abnormal, the average extent score of 1 h (Tc-1h), 5 min of RDM (Tc-0h-RDM) and 5 min of non-RDM (Tc-0h-non-RDM) were 2.25 ± 3.12, 2.35 ± 3.16, and 1.37 ± 2.41, respectively. Differences were significant between Tc-1h and Tc-0h-non-RDM (P < 0.005) but not between Tc-1h and Tc-0h-RDM. Batch processing was enabled in all frames by shifting the myocardium to the center of rotation using this software. The waiting time between infusion and image acquisition should be decreased, thus reducing patient burden and improving the diagnostic ability of the procedure.

Introduction of an 8-aminooctanoic acid linker enhances uptake of 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized α-MSH peptide in melanoma.

PubMed

Guo, Haixun; Miao, Yubin

2014-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acid, hydrocarbon, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers on the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized HYNIC-linker-Nle-CycMSHhex (hydrazinonicotinamide-linker-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2) peptides. Four novel peptides (HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex) were designed and synthesized. The melanocortin-1 receptor binding affinities of the peptides were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc(ethylenediaminediacetic acid [EDDA])-HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h after injection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake. The inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50) for HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.09, 0.4 ± 0.08, and 0.3 ± 0.06 nM, respectively, in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Among these four (99m)Tc-labeled peptides, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex displayed the highest melanoma uptake (22.3 ± 1.72 percentage injected dose/g) at 2 h after injection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex exhibited high tumor-to-normal-organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor-to-kidney uptake ratios of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 3.29, 3.63, and 6.78 at 2, 4, and 24 h, respectively, after injection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h after injection. High melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future. © 2014 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

Introduction of an 8-Aminooctanoic Acid Linker Enhances the melanoma uptake of Tc-99m-labeled Lactam Bridge-Cyclized Alpha-MSH Peptide

PubMed Central

Guo, Haixun; Miao, Yubin

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acid, hydrocarbon and polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers on melanoma targeting and imaging properties of 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized HYNIC-linker-Nle-CycMSHhex {hydrazinonicotinamide-linker-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2} peptides. Methods four novel peptides {HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex and HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex} were designed and synthesized. The melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities of the peptides were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex and 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h post-injection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake. Results The IC50 values of HYNIC-GGGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-GSGNle-CycMSHhex, HYNIC-PEG2Nle-CycMSHhex, and HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.09, 0.4 ± 0.08, and 0.3 ± 0.06 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four 99mTc-labeled peptides, 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex displayed the highest melanoma uptake (22.3 ± 1.72% ID/g) at 2 h post-injection. 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex exhibited high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex were 3.29, 3.63 and 6.78 at 2, 4 and 24 h post-injection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection. Conclusion High melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future. PMID:25453052

Kit for the selective labeling of red blood cells in whole blood with .sup.9 TC

DOEpatents

Srivastava, Suresh C.; Babich, John W.; Straub, Rita; Richards, Powell

1992-01-01

Disclosed herein are a method and kit for the preparation of .sup.99m Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for reduction of technetium.

Formation of pyrophosphate on hydroxyapatite with thioesters as condensing agents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weber, A. L.

1982-01-01

'Energy-rich' thioesters are shown to act as condensing agents in the formation of pyrophosphate on hydroxyapatite in the presence of water at ambient temperature. The yield of pyrophosphate based on thioester ranges from 2.5% to 11.4% and depends upon the pH and concentration of reactants. Reaction of 0.130 M hydroxyapatite suspended in a solution of 0.08 M sodium phosphate and 0.20 M imidazole hydrochloride (pH 7.0) with 0.10 M N,S-diacetylcysteamine for 6 days gives the highest yield of pyrophosphate (11.4%). Pyrophosphate formation requires the presence of hydroxyapatite, sodium phosphate and the thioester, N,S-diacetylcysteamine. The related thioester, N,S-diacetylcysteine, also yields pyrophosphate in reactions on hydroxyapatite.

Early Dose Response to Yttrium-90 Microsphere Treatment of Metastatic Liver Cancer by a Patient-Specific Method Using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Campbell, Janice M.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Wong, C. Oliver

2009-05-01

Purpose: To evaluate a patient-specific single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-based method of dose calculation for treatment planning of yttrium-90 ({sup 90}Y) microsphere selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT). Methods and Materials: Fourteen consecutive {sup 90}Y SIRTs for colorectal liver metastasis were retrospectively analyzed. Absorbed dose to tumor and normal liver tissue was calculated by partition methods with two different tumor/normal liver vascularity ratios: an average 3:1 and a patient-specific ratio derived from pretreatment technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin SPECT. Tumor response was quantitatively evaluated from fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scans. Results: Positron emission tomography showed a significant decrease in total tumor standardizedmore » uptake value (average, 52%). There was a significant difference in the tumor absorbed dose between the average and specific methods (p = 0.009). Response vs. dose curves fit by linear and linear-quadratic modeling showed similar results. Linear fit r values increased for all tumor response parameters with the specific method (+0.20 for mean standardized uptake value). Conclusion: Tumor dose calculated with the patient-specific method was more predictive of response in liver-directed {sup 90}Y SIRT.« less

A novel Tc-99 m and fluorescence labeled peptide as a multimodal imaging agent for targeting angiogenesis in a murine tumor model.

PubMed

Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn; Kim, Seul-Gi; Kim, Dae-Weung

2016-11-01

The serine-aspartic acid-valine (SDV) peptide binds specifically to integrin α V β 3 . In the present study, we successfully developed a TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV peptide labeled with both Tc-99 m and TAMRA to target the integrin α V β 3 of tumor cells; furthermore, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor of the murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV with Tc-99 m was done using ligand exchange methods. Labeling stability and cytotoxicity studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with HT-1080 and HT-29 tumors. A tumor tissue slide was prepared and analyzed using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99 m, the Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV complexes were prepared in high yield (>99%). In the gamma camera imaging study, a substantial uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV into HT-1080 tumor (integrin α V β 3 positive) and low uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV into HT-29 tumor (integrin α V β 3 negative) were demonstrated. A competition study revealed that HT-1080 tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the co-injection of an excess concentration of SDV. Specific uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging and confocal microscopy studies. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV in the integrin α V β 3 -positive tumor. Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV could be a good candidate for a dual-modality imaging agent targeting tumor angiogenesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Radiotracer Imaging Allows for Noninvasive Detection and Quantification of Abnormalities in Angiosome Foot Perfusion in Diabetic Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia and Nonhealing Wounds

PubMed Central

Alvelo, Jessica L.; Papademetris, Xenophon; Mena-Hurtado, Carlos; Jeon, Sangchoon; Sumpio, Bauer E.; Sinusas, Albert J.

2018-01-01

Background: Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging allows for assessment of skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion but has not been quantitatively assessed in angiosomes, or 3-dimensional vascular territories, of the foot. This study assessed and compared resting angiosome foot perfusion between healthy subjects and diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Additionally, the relationship between SPECT/CT imaging and the ankle–brachial index—a standard tool for evaluating peripheral artery disease—was assessed. Methods and Results: Healthy subjects (n=9) and diabetic patients with CLI and nonhealing ulcers (n=42) underwent SPECT/CT perfusion imaging of the feet. CT images were segmented into angiosomes for quantification of relative radiotracer uptake, expressed as standardized uptake values. Standardized uptake values were assessed in ulcerated angiosomes of patients with CLI and compared with whole-foot standardized uptake values in healthy subjects. Serial SPECT/CT imaging was performed to assess uptake kinetics of technetium-99m-tetrofosmin. The relationship between angiosome perfusion and ankle–brachial index was assessed via correlational analysis. Resting perfusion was significantly lower in CLI versus healthy subjects (P=0.0007). Intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.95 (healthy) and 0.93 (CLI) demonstrated excellent agreement between serial perfusion measurements. Correlational analysis, including healthy and CLI subjects, demonstrated a significant relationship between ankle–brachial index and SPECT/CT (P=0.01); however, this relationship was not significant for diabetic CLI patients only (P=0.2). Conclusions: SPECT/CT imaging assesses regional foot perfusion and detects abnormalities in microvascular perfusion that may be undetectable by conventional ankle–brachial index in patients with diabetes mellitus. SPECT/CT may provide a novel approach for evaluating responses to targeted therapies. PMID:29748311

99mTc: Labeling Chemistry and Labeled Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alberto, R.; Abram, U.

This chapter reviews the radiopharmaceutical chemistry of technetium related to the synthesis of perfusion agents and to the labeling of receptor-binding biomolecules. To understand the limitations of technetium chemistry imposed by future application of the complexes in nuclear medicine, an introductory section analyzes the compulsory requirements to be considered when facing the incentive of introducing a novel radiopharmaceutical into the market. Requirements from chemistry, routine application, and market are discussed. In a subsequent section, commercially available 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals are treated. It covers the complexes in use for imaging the most important target organs such as heart, brain, or kidney. The commercially available radiopharmaceuticals fulfill the requirements outlined earlier and are discussed with this background. In a following section, the properties and perspectives of the different generations of radiopharmaceuticals are described in a general way, covering characteristics for perfusion agents and for receptor-specific molecules. Technetium chemistry for the synthesis of perfusion agents and the different labeling approaches for target-specific biomolecules are summarized. The review comprises a general introduction to the common approaches currently in use, employing the N x S4-x , [3+1] and 2-hydrazino-nicotinicacid (HYNIC) method as well as more recent strategies such as the carbonyl and the TcN approach. Direct labeling without the need of a bifunctional chelator is briefly reviewed as well. More particularly, recent developments in the labeling of concrete targeting molecules, the second generation of radiopharmaceuticals, is then discussed and prominent examples with antibodies/peptides, neuroreceptor targeting small molecules, myocardial imaging agents, vitamins, thymidine, and complexes relevant to multidrug resistance are given. In addition, a new approach toward peptide drug development is described. The section has a focus on coordination and labeling chemistry, but biological results are briefly summarized as well. The last (and shortest) section finally intends to give a (subjective) outlook for the future role of 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals. Critical comments are spread over the whole article but are concentrated in this section. Despite the increasing competition of diagnostic radiopharmacy by other commonly applied methods in medicine such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound, the authors are convinced that 99mTc will play a key role also in future if novel approaches are added and the requirements from chemistry biology and the market considered in research to a stronger extent.

Morphobiochemical diagnosis of acute trabecular microfractures using gamma correction Tc-99m HDP pinhole bone scan with histopathological verification.

PubMed

Bahk, Yong-Whee; Hwang, Seok-Ha; Lee, U-Young; Chung, Yong-An; Jung, Joo-Young; Jeong, Hyeonseok S

2017-11-01

We prospectively performed gamma correction pinhole bone scan (GCPBS) and histopathologic verification study to make simultaneous morphobiochemical diagnosis of trabecular microfractures (TMF) occurred in the femoral head as a part of femoral neck fracture.Materials consisted of surgical specimens of the femoral head in 6 consecutive patients. The specimens were imaged using Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) pinhole scan and processed by the gamma correction. After cleansing with 10% formalin solution, injured specimen surface was observed using a surgical microscope to record TMF. Morphological findings shown in the photograph, naive pinhole bone scan, GCPBS, and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain of the specimen were reciprocally correlated for histological verification and the usefulness of suppression and enhancement of Tc-99m HDP uptake was biochemically investigated in TMF and edema and hemorrhage using gamma correction.On the one hand, GCPBS was able to depict the calcifying calluses in TMF with enhanced Tc-99m HDP uptake. They were pinpointed, speckled, round, ovoid, rod-like, geographic, and crushed in shape. The smallest callus measured was 0.23 mm in this series. On the other hand, GCPBS biochemically was able to discern the calluses with enhanced high Tc-99m HDP uptake from the normal and edema dipped and hemorrhage irritated trabeculae with washed out uptake.Morphobiochemically, GCPBS can clearly depict microfractures in the femoral head produced by femoral neck fracture. It discerns the microcalluses with enhanced Tc-99m HDP uptake from the intact and edema dipped and hemorrhage irritated trabeculae with suppressed washed out Tc-99m HDP uptake. Both conventional pinhole bone scan and gamma correction are useful imaging means to specifically diagnose the microcalluses naturally formed in TMF.

Design and evaluation of new Tc-99m-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptides for melanoma imaging.

PubMed

Guo, Haixun; Gallazzi, Fabio; Miao, Yubin

2013-04-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of new (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides using bifunctional chelating agents. MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc-AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc(CO)3-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h postinjection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The IC50 values of MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 1.0 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.19, and 0.6 ± 0.04 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four (99m)Tc-peptides, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (14.14 ± 4.90% ID/g) and fastest urinary clearance (91.26 ± 1.96% ID) at 2 h postinjection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 2.50 and 3.55 at 4 and 24 h postinjection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.

Hanford Low-Activity Waste Processing: Demonstration of the Off-Gas Recycle Flowsheet - 13443

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramsey, William G.; Esparza, Brian P.

2013-07-01

Vitrification of Hanford Low-Activity Waste (LAW) is nominally the thermal conversion and incorporation of sodium salts and radionuclides into borosilicate glass. One key radionuclide present in LAW is technetium-99. Technetium-99 is a low energy, long-lived beta emitting radionuclide present in the waste feed in concentrations on the order of 1-10 ppm. The long half-life combined with a high solubility in groundwater results in technetium-99 having considerable impact on performance modeling (as potential release to the environment) of both the waste glass and associated secondary waste products. The current Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) process flowsheet calls formore » the recycle of vitrification process off-gas condensates to maximize the portion of technetium ultimately immobilized in the waste glass. This is required as technetium acts as a semi-volatile specie, i.e. considerable loss of the radionuclide to the process off-gas stream can occur during the vitrification process. To test the process flowsheet assumptions, a prototypic off-gas system with recycle capability was added to a laboratory melter (on the order of 1/200 scale) and testing performed. Key test goals included determination of the process mass balance for technetium, a non-radioactive surrogate (rhenium), and other soluble species (sulfate, halides, etc.) which are concentrated by recycling off-gas condensates. The studies performed are the initial demonstrations of process recycle for this type of liquid-fed melter system. This paper describes the process recycle system, the waste feeds processed, and experimental results. Comparisons between data gathered using process recycle and previous single pass melter testing as well as mathematical modeling simulations are also provided. (authors)« less

A 3D Computational fluid dynamics model validation for candidate molybdenum-99 target geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Lin; Dale, Greg; Vorobieff, Peter

2014-11-01

Molybdenum-99 (99Mo) is the parent product of technetium-99m (99mTc), a radioisotope used in approximately 50,000 medical diagnostic tests per day in the U.S. The primary uses of this product include detection of heart disease, cancer, study of organ structure and function, and other applications. The US Department of Energy seeks new methods for generating 99Mo without the use of highly enriched uranium, to eliminate proliferation issues and provide a domestic supply of 99mTc for medical imaging. For this project, electron accelerating technology is used by sending an electron beam through a series of 100Mo targets. During this process a large amount of heat is created, which directly affects the operating temperature dictated by the tensile stress limit of the wall material. To maintain the required temperature range, helium gas is used as a cooling agent that flows through narrow channels between the target disks. In our numerical study, we investigate the cooling performance on a series of new geometry designs of the cooling channel. This research is supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Small-Animal SPECT/CT of the Progression and Recovery of Rat Liver Fibrosis by Using an Integrin αvβ3-targeting Radiotracer.

PubMed

Yu, Xinhe; Wu, Yue; Liu, Hao; Gao, Liquan; Sun, Xianlei; Zhang, Chenran; Shi, Jiyun; Zhao, Huiyun; Jia, Bing; Liu, Zhaofei; Wang, Fan

2016-05-01

To assess the potential utility of an integrin αvβ3-targeting radiotracer, technetium 99m-PEG4-E[PEG4-cyclo(arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-D-phenylalanine-lysine)]2 ((99m)Tc-3PRGD2), for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) for monitoring of the progression and prognosis of liver fibrosis in a rat model. All animal experiments were performed by following the protocol approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 was prepared and longitudinal SPECT/CT was performed to monitor the progression (n = 8) and recovery (n = 5) of liver fibrosis induced in a rat model by means of thioacetamide (TAA) administration. The mean liver-to-background radioactivity per unit volume ratio was analyzed for comparisons between the TAA and control (saline) groups at different stages of liver fibrosis. Data were compared by using Student t and Mann-Whitney tests. Results:of SPECT/CT were compared with those of ex vivo biodistribution analysis (n = 5). Accumulation of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 in the liver increased in proportion to the progression of fibrosis and TAA exposure time; accumulation levels were significantly different between the TAA and control groups as early as week 4 of TAA administration (liver-to-background ratio: 32.30 ± 3.39 vs 19.01 ± 3.31; P = .0002). Results of ex vivo immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the positive expression of integrin αvβ3 on the activated hepatic stellate cells, and the integrin αvβ3 levels in the liver corresponded to the results of SPECT/CT (R(2) = 0.75, P < .0001). (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 uptake in the fibrotic liver decreased after antifibrotic therapy with interferon α2b compared with that in the control group (relative liver-to-background ratio: 0.45 ± 0.05 vs 1.01 ± 0.05; P < .0001) or spontaneous recovery (relative liver-to-background ratio: 0.56 ± 0.06 vs 1.01 ± 0.05; P < .0001). (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT was successfully used to monitor the progression and recovery of liver fibrosis and shows potential applications for noninvasive diagnosis of early stage liver fibrosis. (©) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

The absorption of (99m)Tc-alendronate given by rectal route in rabbits.

PubMed

Asikoğlu, Makbule; Ozguney, Isik; Ozcan, Ipek; Orumlu, Oya; Guneri, Tamer; Koseoğlu, Kamil; Ozkilic, Hayal

2008-01-01

Alendronate sodium (ALD) is a bisphosphonate medication used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Absorption of ALD as oral formulation is very poor (0.5%-1%). Its bioavailability can decrease with food effect. It has some gastrointestinal adverse effects such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, and esophagitis. The aim of this study was to develop a rectal formulation of ALD as an alternative to oral route and to investigate the absorption of it by using gamma scintigraphy. For this reason, ALD was labeled with Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) by direct method. The radiochemical characterization of the (99m)Tc-ALD was carried out by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and electrophoresis methods. The labeling efficiency of (99m)Tc-ALD was found 99% without significant changes until 6 h postlabeling at room temperature. The rectal suppositories containing (99m)Tc-ALD were prepared by fusion method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500. The (99m)Tc-labeled ALD suppositories were administrated to rabbits by rectal route. Serial scintigrams over all bodies of the rabbits were obtained at different time intervals using a gamma camera. We found that the rectal absorption of (99m)Tc-ALD from suppository formulation was possible. According to our results, this formulation of ALD can be suggested for the therapy of osteoporosis as an alternative route.

Pixelized Measurement of (99m)Tc-HDP Micro Particles Formed in Gamma Correction Phantom Pinhole Scan: a Reference Study.

PubMed

Jung, Joo-Young; Cheon, Gi Jeong; Lee, Yun-Sang; Ha, Seunggyun; Chae, Mi-Hye; Chung, Yong-An; Yoon, Do Kyun; Bahk, Yong-Whee

2016-09-01

Currently, traumatic bone diseases are diagnosed by assessing the micro (99m)Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) uptake in injured trabeculae with ongoing osteoneogenesis demonstrated by gamma correction pinhole scan (GCPS). However, the mathematic size quantification of micro-uptake is not yet available. We designed and performed this phantom-based study to set up an in-vitro model of the mathematical calculation of micro-uptake by the pixelized measurement. The micro (99m)Tc-HDP deposits used in this study were spontaneously formed both in a large standard flood and small house-made dish phantoms. The processing was as follows: first, phantoms were flooded with distilled water and (99m)Tc-HDP was therein injected to induce micro (99m)Tc-HDP deposition; second, the deposits were scanned using parallel-hole and pinhole collimator to generally survey (99m)Tc-HDP deposition pattern; and third, the scans underwent gamma correction (GC) to discern individual deposits for size measurement. In original naïve scans, tracer distribution was simply nebulous in appearance and, hence, could not be measured. Impressively, however, GCPS could discern individual micro deposits so that they were calculated by pixelized measurement. Phantoms naturally formed micro (99m)Tc-HDP deposits that are analogous to (99m)Tc-HDP uptake on in-vivo bone scan. The smallest one we measured was 0.414 mm. Flooded phantoms and therein injected (99m)Tc-HDP form nebulous micro (99m)Tc-HDP deposits that are rendered discernible by GCPB and precisely calculable using pixelized measurement. This method can be used for precise quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of bone and joint diseases at the trabecular level.

An Ultralow-Dose 1-Day Protocol With Activities Lower Than 20 MBq for the Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer-Experiences After 150 Cases.

PubMed

Kolberg, Hans-Christian; Afsah, Shabnam; Kuehn, Thorsten; Winzer, Ute; Akpolat-Basci, Leyla; Stephanou, Miltiades; Wetzig, Sarah; Hoffmann, Oliver; Liedtke, Cornelia

2017-01-01

Common protocols for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in early breast cancer often include the injection of the tracer 1 day before surgery. In order to detect enough activity on the day of surgery, the applied activity in many protocols is as high as several hundred MBq. So far, very few protocols with an activity below 20 MBq have been reported. We developed an ultralow-dose 1-day protocol with a mean activity lower than 20 MBq in order to reduce radiation exposure for patients and staff. Here, we are presenting our experiences in 150 consecutive cases. A total of 150 patients with clinically and sonographically negative axilla and no multicentricity underwent a sentinel lymph node biopsy using an ultralow-dose protocol performed on the day of surgery. No patient received systemic therapy prior to sentinel node biopsy. After peritumoral injection of the tracer Technetium-99m, a lymphoscintigraphy was performed in all cases. Seven minutes before the first cut, we injected 5 mL of blue dye in the region of the areola. In 148 (98.7%) of 150 patients, at least 1 sentinel lymph node could be identified by lymphoscintigraphy; the detection rate during surgery with combined tracers Technetium-99m and blue dye was 100%. The mean applied activity was 17.8 MBq (9-20). A mean number of 1.3 (0-5) sentinel lymph nodes were identified by lymphoscintigraphy and a mean number of 1.8 (1-5) sentinel lymph nodes were removed during sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ultralow-dose 1-day protocols with an activity lower than 20 MBq are a safe alternative to 1-day or 2-day protocols with significantly higher radiation doses in primary surgery for early breast cancer. Using Technetium-99m and blue dye in a dual tracer approach, detection rates of 100% are possible in clinical routine in order to reduce radiation exposure for patients and staff.

Development of Tyrosine-Based Radiotracer 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine for Breast Cancer Imaging

PubMed Central

Kong, Fan-Lin; Ali, Mohammad S.; Rollo, Alex; Smith, Daniel L.; Zhang, Yinhan; Yu, Dong-Fang; Yang, David J.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient way to synthesize 99mTc-O-[3-(1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclohexadecane)-propyl]-tyrosine (99mTc-N4-Tyrosine), a novel amino acid-based radiotracer, and evaluate its potential in breast cancer gamma imaging. Precursor N4-Tyrosine was synthesized using a 5-step procedure, and its total synthesis yield was 38%. It was successfully labeled with 99mTc with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Cellular uptake of 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine was much higher than that of 99mTc-N4 and the clinical gold standard 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG) in rat breast tumor cells in vitro. Tissue uptake and dosimetry estimation in normal rats revealed that 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine could be safely administered to humans. Evaluation in breast tumor-bearing rats showed that although 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine appeared to be inferior to 18F-FDG in distinguishing breast tumor tissue from chemical-induced inflammatory tissue, it had high tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios and could detect breast tumors clearly by planar scintigraphic imaging. 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine could thus be a useful radiotracer for use in breast tumor diagnostic imaging. PMID:22496612

In vivo and in vitro evaluation of octyl methoxycinnamate liposomes.

PubMed

Mota, Aline de Carvalho Varjão; de Freitas, Zaida Maria Faria; Ricci Júnior, Eduardo; Dellamora-Ortiz, Gisela Maria; Santos-Oliveira, Ralph; Ozzetti, Rafael Antonio; Vergnanini, André Luiz; Ribeiro, Vanessa Lira; Silva, Ronald Santos; dos Santos, Elisabete Pereira

2013-01-01

Solar radiation causes damage to human skin, and photoprotection is the main way to prevent these harmful effects. The development of sunscreen formulations containing nanosystems is of great interest in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries because of the many potential benefits. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) liposomal nanosystem (liposome/OMC) to obtain a sunscreen formulation with improved safety and efficacy by retaining OMC for longer on the stratum corneum. The liposome/OMC nanostructure obtained was tested for enzymatic hydrolysis with lipase from Rhizomucor miehei and biodistribution with liposomes labeled with technetium-99m. The liposome/OMC formulation was then incorporated in a gel formulation and tested for ocular irritation using the hen's egg test-chorio-allantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay, in vitro and in vivo sun protection factor, in vitro release profile, skin biometrics, and in vivo tape stripping. The liposome/OMC nanosystem was not hydrolyzed from R. miehei by lipase. In the biodistribution assay, the liposome/OMC formulation labeled with technetium-99m had mainly deposited in the skin, while for OMC the main organ was the liver, showing that the liposome had higher affinity for the skin than OMC. The liposome/OMC formulation was classified as nonirritating in the HET-CAM test, indicating good histocompatibility. The formulation containing liposome/OMC had a higher in vivo solar photoprotection factor, but did not show increased water resistance. Inclusion in liposomes was able to slow down the release of OMC from the formulation, with a lower steady-state flux (3.9 ± 0.33 μg/cm(2)/hour) compared with the conventional formulation (6.3 ± 1.21 μg/cm(2)/hour). The stripping method showed increased uptake of OMC in the stratum corneum, giving an amount of 22.64 ± 7.55 μg/cm(2) of OMC, which was higher than the amount found for the conventional formulation (14.57 ± 2.30 μg/cm(2)). These results indicate that liposomes are superior carriers for OMC, and confer greater safety and efficacy to sunscreen formulations.

Detecting protein losing enteropathy by Tc-99m dextran scintigraphy: a novel experience.

PubMed

Kapoor, Seema; Ratan, Simmi K; Kashyap, Ravi; Mittal, S K; Rajeshwari, K; Rawat, H; Verma, Jyoti

2002-09-01

To evaluate protien using enteropathy by Tc-99m dextran scintigraphy. Methods for detecting protein loss from the intestine revolve around fecal nitrogen excretion, the clearance of alpha-1 antitrypsin in stools and by endoscopic biopsy. The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) can also be established by a scintigraphic method that is noninvasive, simple and requires no patient preparation or motivation. This diagnostic modality can also delineate the site of protein loss, thereby offering a targeted approach, and if need be, surgery. Radiolabelling of a non-protein, noncolloidal, nonparticulate and biofriendly molecule like dextran with Technetium-99m for imaging enteric protein loss was utilized in imaging eight children with PLE. The results were encouraging. The authors advocate the use of this diagnostic tool in identifying patients with PLE, particularly in the pediatric age group.

Quantitative analysis of [99mTc]C2A-GST distribution in the area at risk after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion using a compartmental model.

PubMed

Audi, Said; Poellmann, Michael; Zhu, Xiaoguang; Li, Zhixin; Zhao, Ming

2007-11-01

It was recently demonstrated that the radiolabeled C2A domain of synaptotagmin I accumulates avidly in the area at risk after ischemia and reperfusion. The objective was to quantitatively characterize the dynamic uptake of radiolabeled C2A in normal and ischemically injured myocardia using a compartmental model. To induce acute myocardial infarction, the left descending coronary artery was ligated for 18 min, followed by reperfusion. [99mTc]C2A-GST or its inactivated form, [99mTc]C2A-GST-NHS, was injected intravenously at 2 h after reperfusion. A group of four rats was sacrificed at 10, 30, 60 and 180 after injection. Uptake of [99mTc]C2A-GST and [99mTc]C2A-GST-NHS in the area at risk and in the normal myocardium were determined by gamma counting. A compartmental model was developed to quantitatively interpret myocardial uptake kinetic data. The model consists of two physical spaces (vascular space and tissue space), with plasma activity as input. The model allows for [99mTc]C2A-GST and [99mTc]C2A-GST-NHS diffusion between vascular and tissue spaces, as well as for [99mTc]C2A-GST sequestration in vascular and tissue spaces via specific binding. [99mTc]C2A-GST uptake in the area at risk was significantly higher than that for [99mTc]C2A-GST-NHS at all time points. The compartmental model separated [99mTc]C2A-GST uptake in the area at risk due to passive retention from that due to specific binding. The maximum amount of [99mTc]C2A-GST that could be sequestered in the area at risk due to specific binding was estimated at a total of 0.048 nmol/g tissue. The rate of [99mTc]C2A-GST sequestration within the tissue space of the area at risk was 0.012 ml/min. Modeling results also revealed that the diffusion rate of radiotracer between vascular and tissue spaces is the limiting factor of [99mTc]C2A-GST sequestration within the tissue space of the area at risk. [99mTc]C2A-GST is sequestered in the ischemically injured myocardium in a well-defined dynamic profile. Model parameters will be valuable indicators for gauging and guiding the development of future-generation molecular probes.

Sentinel lymph node mapping in melanoma with technetium-99m dextran.

PubMed

Neubauer, S; Mena, I; Iglesis, R; Schwartz, R; Acevedo, J C; Leon, A; Gomez, L

2001-06-01

The aim of this work is to evaluate the capability of Tc99m B Dextran as a lymphoscintigraphic agent in the detection of the sentinel node in skin lesions. Forty-one patients with melanomas (39) and Merkel cell tumors (2) had perilesional intradermal injection of Tc99m-Dextran 2 hours before surgery. Serial gamma camera images and a handheld gamma probe were used to direct sentinel node biopsy. In 39/41 patients, lymph channels and 52 sentinel nodes (one to three sentinel nodes/patient) could be visualized. In one patient, with a dorsal melanoma, no lymph channels or lymph nodes could be demonstrated on the images and only minimal radioactivity was found in the regional nodes with the probe. Another patient with a facial lesion failed to demonstrate lymph channels or nodes. No adverse reactions were observed. Tc99m-Dextran provided good definition of lymph channels and sentinel node localization, without the risks related to the use of potentially hazardous labeled materials of biological origin.

Substitution of the Lys Linker with the β-Ala Linker Dramatically Decreased the Renal Uptake of 99mTc-Labeled Arg-X-Asp-Conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-Conjugated α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptides

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the substitution of the Lys linker with the β-Ala could reduce the renal uptake of 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RSD-β-Ala-(Arg11)CCMSH (1) {c[Arg-Ser-Asp-dTyr-Asp]-β-Ala-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2}, RTD-β-Ala-(Arg11)CCMSH (2), RVD-β-Ala-(Arg11)CCMSH (3), RAD-β-Ala-(Arg11)CCMSH (4), NAD-β-Ala-(Arg11)CCMSH (5), and EAD-β-Ala-(Arg11)CCMSH (6) peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of their 99mTc-conjugates were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The substitution of the Lys linker with β-Ala linker dramatically reduced the renal uptake of all six 99mTc-peptides. 99mTc-4 exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (15.66 ± 6.19% ID/g) and the lowest kidney uptake (20.18 ± 3.86% ID/g) among these 99mTc-peptides at 2 h postinjection. The B16/F1 melanoma lesions could be clearly visualized by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using 99mTc-4 as an imaging probe. PMID:25290883

Substitution of the Lys linker with the β-Ala linker dramatically decreased the renal uptake of 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides.

PubMed

Flook, Adam M; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

2014-11-13

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the substitution of the Lys linker with the β-Ala could reduce the renal uptake of (99m)Tc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated and X-Ala-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RSD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (1) {c[Arg-Ser-Asp-dTyr-Asp]-β-Ala-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2}, RTD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (2), RVD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (3), RAD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (4), NAD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (5), and EAD-β-Ala-(Arg(11))CCMSH (6) peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of their (99m)Tc-conjugates were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The substitution of the Lys linker with β-Ala linker dramatically reduced the renal uptake of all six (99m)Tc-peptides. (99m)Tc-4 exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (15.66 ± 6.19% ID/g) and the lowest kidney uptake (20.18 ± 3.86% ID/g) among these (99m)Tc-peptides at 2 h postinjection. The B16/F1 melanoma lesions could be clearly visualized by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using (99m)Tc-4 as an imaging probe.

Copper crystal lens for medical imaging: first results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roa, Dante E.; Smither, Robert K.

2001-06-01

A copper crystal lens designed to focus gamma ray energies of 100 to 200 keV has been assembled at Argonne National Laboratory. In particular, the lens has been optimized to focus the 140.6 keV gamma rays from technetium-99 m typically used in radioactive tracers. This new approach to medical imaging relies on crystal diffraction to focus incoming gamma rays in a manner similar to a simple convex lens focusing visible light. The lens is envisioned to be part of an array of lenses that can be used as a complementary technique to gamma cameras for localized scans of suspected tumor regions in the body. In addition, a 2- lens array can be used to scan a woman's breast in search of tumors with no discomfort to the patient. The incoming gamma rays are diffracted by a set of 828 copper crystal cubes arranged in 13 concentric rings, which focus the gamma rays into a very small area on a well-shielded NaI detector. Experiments performance with technetium-99 m and cobalt 57 radioactive sources indicate that a 6-lens array should be capable of detecting sources with (mu) Ci strength.

Evaluating 99mTc Auger electrons for targeted tumor radiotherapy by computational methods.

PubMed

Tavares, Adriana Alexandre S; Tavares, João Manuel R S

2010-07-01

Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been widely used as an imaging agent but only recently has been considered for therapeutic applications. This study aims to analyze the potential use of 99mTc Auger electrons for targeted tumor radiotherapy by evaluating the DNA damage and its probability of correct repair and by studying the cellular kinetics, following 99mTc Auger electron irradiation in comparison to iodine-131 (131I) beta minus particles and astatine-211 (211At) alpha particle irradiation. Computational models were used to estimate the yield of DNA damage (fast Monte Carlo damage algorithm), the probability of correct repair (Monte Carlo excision repair algorithm), and cell kinetic effects (virtual cell radiobiology algorithm) after irradiation with the selected particles. The results obtained with the algorithms used suggested that 99mTc CKMMX (all M-shell Coster-Kroning--CK--and super-CK transitions) electrons and Auger MXY (all M-shell Auger transitions) have a therapeutic potential comparable to high linear energy transfer 211At alpha particles and higher than 131I beta minus particles. All the other 99mTc electrons had a therapeutic potential similar to 131I beta minus particles. 99mTc CKMMX electrons and Auger MXY presented a higher probability to induce apoptosis than 131I beta minus particles and a probability similar to 211At alpha particles. Based on the results here, 99mTc CKMMX electrons and Auger MXY are useful electrons for targeted tumor radiotherapy.

Postoperative myocardial infarction documented by technetium pyrophosphate scan using single-photon emission computed tomography: Significance of intraoperative myocardial ischemia and hemodynamic control

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, D.C.; Chung, F.; Burns, R.J.

The aim of this prospective study was to document postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI) by technetium pyrophosphate scan using single-photon emission computed tomography (TcPPi-SPECT) in 28 patients undergoing elective coronary bypass grafting (CABG). The relationships of intraoperative electrocardiographic myocardial ischemia, hemodynamic responses, and pharmacological requirements to this incidence of PMI were correlated. Radionuclide cardioangiography and TcPPi-SPECT were performed 24 h preoperatively and 48 h postoperatively. A standard high-dose fentanyl anesthetic protocol was used. Twenty-five percent of elective CABG patients were complicated with PMI, as documented by TcPPi-SPECT with an infarcted mass of 38.0 +/- 5.5 g. No significant difference in demographic,more » preoperative right and left ventricular function, number of coronary vessels grafted, or aortic cross-clamp time was observed between the PMI and non-PMI groups. The distribution of patients using preoperative beta-adrenergic blocking drugs or calcium channel blocking drugs was found to have no correlation with the outcome of PMI. As well, no significant differences in hemodynamic changes or pharmacological requirements were observed in the PMI and non-PMI groups during prebypass or postbypass periods, indicating careful intraoperative control of hemodynamic indices did not prevent the outcome of PMI in these patients. However, the incidence of prebypass ischemia was 39.3% and significantly correlated with the outcome of positive TcPPi-SPECT, denoting a 3.9-fold increased risk of developing PMI. Prebypass ischemic changes in leads II and V5 were shown to correlate with increased CPK-MB release (P less than 0.05) and tends to occur more frequently with lateral myocardial infarction.« less

Imaging discordance between hepatic angiography versus Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT: a case series, technical discussion and clinical implications.

PubMed

Kao, Yung Hsiang; Tan, Eik Hock; Teo, Terence Kiat Beng; Ng, Chee Eng; Goh, Soon Whatt

2011-11-01

During pre-therapy evaluation for yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization, it is uncommon to find severe imaging discordance between hepatic angiography versus technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA) single photon emission computed tomography with integrated low-dose CT (SPECT/CT). The reasons for severe imaging discordance are unclear, and literature is scarce. We describe 3 patients with severe imaging discordance, whereby tumor angiographic contrast hypervascularity was markedly mismatched to the corresponding Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT, and its clinical impact. The incidence of severe imaging discordance at our institution was 4% (3 of 74 cases). We postulate that imaging discordance could be due to a combination of 3 factors: (1) different injection rates between soluble contrast molecules versus Tc-99m-MAA; (2) different arterial flow hemodynamics between soluble contrast molecules versus Tc-99m-MAA; (3) eccentric release position of Tc-99m-MAA due to microcatheter tip location, inadvertently selecting non-target microparticle trajectories. Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT more accurately represents hepatic microparticle biodistribution than soluble contrast hepatic angiography and should be a key criterion in patient selection for Y-90 radioembolization. Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT provides more information than planar scintigraphy to guide radiation planning and clinical decision making. Severe imaging discordance at pre-therapy evaluation is ominous and should be followed up by changes to the final vascular approach during Y-90 radioembolization.

Comparison of Tc-99m maraciclatide and Tc-99m sestamibi molecular breast imaging in patients with suspected breast cancer.

PubMed

O'Connor, Michael K; Morrow, Melissa M B; Hunt, Katie N; Boughey, Judy C; Wahner-Roedler, Dietlind L; Conners, Amy Lynn; Rhodes, Deborah J; Hruska, Carrie B

2017-12-01

Molecular breast imaging (MBI) performed with 99m Tc sestamibi has been shown to be a valuable technique for the detection of breast cancer. Alternative radiotracers such as 99m Tc maraciclatide may offer improved uptake in breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare relative performance of 99m Tc sestamibi and 99m Tc maraciclatide in patients with suspected breast cancer, using a high-resolution dedicated gamma camera for MBI. Women with breast lesions suspicious for malignancy were recruited to undergo two MBI examinations-one with 99m Tc sestamibi and one with 99m Tc maraciclatide. A radiologist interpreted MBI studies in a randomized, blinded fashion to assign an assessment score (1-5) and measured lesion size. Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratio was measured with region-of-interest analysis. Among 39 analyzable patients, 21 malignant tumors were identified in 21 patients. Eighteen of 21 tumors (86%) were seen on 99m Tc sestamibi MBI and 19 of 21 (90%) were seen on 99m Tc maraciclatide MBI (p = 1). Tumor extent measured with both radiopharmaceuticals correlated strongly with pathologic size ( 99m Tc sestamibi, r = 0.84; 99m Tc maraciclatide, r = 0.81). The L/B ratio in detected breast cancers was similar for the two radiopharmaceuticals: 1.55 ± 0.36 (mean ± S.D.) for 99m Tc sestamibi and 1.62 ± 0.37 (mean ± S.D.) for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.53). No correlation was found between the L/B ratio and molecular subtype for 99m Tc sestamibi (r s  = 0.12, p = 0.63) or 99m Tc maraciclatide (r s  = -0.12, p = 0.64). Of 20 benign lesions, 10 (50%) were seen on 99m Tc sestamibi and 9 of 20 (45%) were seen on 99m Tc maraciclatide images (p = 0.1). The average L/B ratio for benign lesions was 1.34 ±0.40 (mean ±S.D.) for 99m Tc sestamibi and 1.41 ±0.52 (mean ±S.D.) for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.75). Overall diagnostic performance was similar for both radiopharmaceuticals. AUC from ROC analysis was 0.83 for 99m Tc sestamibi and 0.87 for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.64). 99m Tc maraciclatide offered comparable lesion uptake to 99m Tc sestamibi, in both malignant and benign lesions. There was good correlation between lesion extent and uptake measured from both radiopharmaceuticals. 99m Tc maraciclatide offered a marginal (but not significant) improvement in sensitivity over 99m Tc sestamibi. Our findings did not support an association between the uptake of either radiopharmaceutical and tumor molecular subtype. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00888589.

Variable uptake feature of focal nodular hyperplasia in Tc-99m phytate hepatic scintigraphy/single-photon emission computed tomography-A parametric analysis.

PubMed

Hsu, Yu-Ling; Chen, Yu-Wen; Lin, Chia-Yang; Lai, Yun-Chang; Chen, Shinn-Cherng; Lin, Zu-Yau

2015-12-01

Tc-99m phytate hepatic scintigraphy remains the standard method for evaluating the functional features of Kupffer cells. In this study, we demonstrate the variable uptake feature of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in Tc-99m phytate scintigraphy. We reviewed all patients who underwent Tc-99m phytate hepatic scintigraphy between 2008 and 2012 in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Cases with FNH were diagnosed on the basis of pathology or at least one or more prior imaging with a periodic clinical follow-up. All patients received a standard protocol of dynamic flow study and planar and Tc-99m phytate single-photon emission computed tomography (E. CAM; Siemens). The correlation of variable nodular radioactivity with parameters such as tumor size and localization was analyzed. In total, 15 lesions of 14 patients in the clinic were diagnosed as FNH. The tumor size was approximately 2.9-7.4 cm (mean size 4.6 cm). Four lesions were larger than 5 cm. The major anatomic distribution was in the right hepatic lobe (10 lesions), particularly in the superior segments (7 lesions). Tc-99m phytate single-photon emission computed tomography imaging for determining the functional features of Kupffer cells included cool/cold (8 lesions), isoradioactive/warm (6 lesions), and hot (1 lesion) patterns of uptake. We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between variable nodular radioactivity and tumor size (p=0.68) or localization (p=0.04). Herein, we demonstrate the variable uptake feature of FNH in Tc-99m phytate scintigraphy. In small FNH tumors (< 5 cm), increased or equal uptake still provided specificity for the differential diagnosis of hepatic solid tumors. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Taiwan.

Cohesive Relations for Surface Atoms in the Iron-Technetium Binary System

DOE PAGES

Taylor, Christopher D.

2011-01-01

Iron-technetium alloys are of relevance to the development of waste forms for disposition of radioactive technetium-99 obtained from spent nuclear fuel. Corrosion of candidate waste forms is a function of the local cohesive energy () of surface atoms. A theoretical model for calculating is developed. Density functional theory was used to construct a modified embedded atom (MEAM) potential for iron-technetium. Materials properties determined for the iron-technetium system were in good agreement with the literature. To explore the relationship between local structure and corrosion, MEAM simulations were performed on representative iron-technetium alloys and intermetallics. Technetium-rich phases have lower , suggesting thatmore » these phases will be more noble than iron-rich ones. Quantitative estimates of based on numbers of nearest neighbors alone can lead to errors up to 0.5 eV. Consequently, atomistic corrosion simulations for alloy systems should utilize physics-based models that consider not only neighbor counts, but also local compositions and atomic arrangements.« less

Improved Quantification of the Beta Cell Mass after Pancreas Visualization with 99mTc-demobesin-4 and Beta Cell Imaging with 111In-exendin-3 in Rodents.

PubMed

van der Kroon, Inge; Joosten, Lieke; Nock, Berthold A; Maina, Theodosia; Boerman, Otto C; Brom, Maarten; Gotthardt, Martin

2016-10-03

Accurate assessment of the 111 In-exendin-3 uptake within the pancreas requires exact delineation of the pancreas, which is highly challenging by MRI and CT in rodents. In this study, the pancreatic tracer 99m Tc-demobesin-4 was evaluated for accurate delineation of the pancreas to be able to accurately quantify 111 In-exendin-3 uptake within the pancreas. Healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic Brown Norway rats were injected with the pancreatic tracer 99m Tc-demobesin-4 ([ 99m Tc-N 4 -Pro 1 ,Tyr 4 ,Nle 14 ]bombesin) and the beta cell tracer 111 In-exendin-3 ([ 111 In-DTPA-Lys 40 ]exendin-3). After dual isotope acquisition of SPECT images, 99m Tc-demobesin-4 was used to define a volume of interest for the pancreas in SPECT images subsequently the 111 In-exendin-3 uptake within this region was quantified. Furthermore, biodistribution and autoradiography were performed in order to gain insight in the distribution of both tracers in the animals. 99m Tc-demobesin-4 showed high accumulation in the pancreas. The uptake was highly homogeneous throughout the pancreas, independent of diabetic status, as demonstrated by autoradiography, whereas 111 In-exendin-3 only accumulates in the islets of Langerhans. Quantification of both ex vivo and in vivo SPECT images resulted in an excellent linear correlation between the pancreatic uptake, determined with ex vivo counting and 111 In-exendin-3 uptake, determined from the quantitative analysis of the SPECT images (Pearson r = 0.97, Pearson r = 0.92). 99m Tc-demobesin-4 shows high accumulation in the pancreas of rats. It is a suitable tracer for accurate delineation of the pancreas and can be conveniently used for simultaneous acquisition with 111 In labeled exendin-3. This method provides a straightforward, reliable, and objective method for preclinical beta cell mass (BCM) quantification with 111 In-exendin-3.

Extravasation from venous catheter: a serious complication potentially missed by lung imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spicer, K.M.; Gordon, L.

Three patients were referred for lung ventiliation and perfusion (V/Q) imaging with symptoms strongly suggestive of pulmonary embolus (PE). Chest roentgenograms and xenon ventilation studies on all three were normal, save for prominent mediastinal silhouettes and effusions. Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin(Tc-99m MAA), when injected through the central venous catheter (CVP), revealed mediastinal localization, whereas antecubital injections showed normal pulmonary perfusion. Contrast fluoroscopy introduced through the venous catheter in the first patient defined the extravasation. For patients under strong suspicion of PE, with a venous catheter whose distal tip is seen about the level of the heart on chest radiograph, the authorsmore » recommend administering the perfusion agent slowly through the central catheter to exclude catheter-induced complications. When extravasation is detected, injection of Tc-99m MAA by peripheral vein should be used to exclude PE.« less

Cyclosporine and Vancomycin + Amikacin Induced Hot Kidney Appearance in a Young Adult and a Pediatric Patient.

PubMed

Çayır, Derya; Araz, Mine; Filik, Mustafa; Erdoğan, Mehmet

2017-10-03

The appearance of a hot kidney on bone scintigraphy is rare and can be seen due to various factors. In our clinic, we observed hot kidney appearance in two patients to whom technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) whole body scan has been performed: a young male adult at the age of 18 who was diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia with a presumptive diagnosis of avascular necrosis, and a 9-year-old girl with cystitis for a pre-diagnosis of osteomyelitis. The first patient had a history of cyclosporine usage and the second patient was being treated with amikacin + vancomycin. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first cases where hot-kidney appearance on Tc-99m MDP whole body scan due to the use of cyclosporin and amikacin + vancomycin is demonstrated.

Occult Breast Cancer: Scintimammography with High-Resolution Breast-specific Gamma Camera in Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rachel F. Brem; Jocelyn A. Rapelyea; , Gilat Zisman

2005-08-01

To prospectively evaluate a high-resolution breast-specific gamma camera for depicting occult breast cancer in women at high risk for breast cancer but with normal mammographic and physical examination findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent were obtained. The study was HIPAA compliant. Ninety-four high-risk women (age range, 36-78 years; mean, 55 years) with normal mammographic (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] 1 or 2) and physical examination findings were evaluated with scintimammography. After injection with 25-30 mCi (925-1110 MBq) of technetium 99m sestamibi, patients were imaged with a high-resolution small-field-of-view breast-specific gamma camera in craniocaudalmore » and mediolateral oblique projections. Scintimammograms were prospectively classified according to focal radiotracer uptake as normal (score of 1), with no focal or diffuse uptake; benign (score of 2), with minimal patchy uptake; probably benign (score of 3), with scattered patchy uptake; probably abnormal (score of 4), with mild focal radiotracer uptake; and abnormal (score of 5), with marked focal radiotracer uptake. Mammographic breast density was categorized according to BI-RADS criteria. Patients with normal scintimammograms (scores of 1, 2, or 3) were followed up for 1 year with an annual mammogram, physical examination, and repeat scintimammography. Patients with abnormal scintimammograms (scores of 4 or 5) underwent ultrasonography (US), and those with focal hypoechoic lesions underwent biopsy. If no lesion was found during US, patients were followed up with scintimammography. Specific pathologic findings were compared with scintimammographic findings. RESULTS: Of 94 women, 78 (83%) had normal scintimammograms (score of 1, 2, or 3) at initial examination and 16 (17%) had abnormal scintimammograms (score of 4 or 5). Fourteen (88%) of the 16 patients had either benign findings at biopsy or no focal abnormality at US; in two (12%) patients, invasive carcinoma was diagnosed at US-guided biopsy (9 mm each at pathologic examination). CONCLUSION: High-resolution breast-specific scintimammography can depict small (<1-cm), mammographically occult, nonpalpable lesions in women at increased risk for breast cancer not otherwise identified at mammography or physical examination.« less

The cleaning and disinfection by heat of bedpans in automatic and semi-automatic machines.

PubMed Central

Mostafa, A. B.; Chackett, K. F.

1976-01-01

This work is concerned with the cleaning and disinfection by heat of stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans, which had been soiled with either a biological contaminant, human serum albumin (HSA) labelled with technetium-99m 99m(Tc), or a bacteriological contaminant, streptococcus faecalis mixed with Tc-labelled HSA. Results of cleaning and disinfection achieved with a Test Machine and those achieved by procedures adopted in eight different wards of a general hospital are reported. Bedpan washers installed in wards were found to be less efficient than the Test Machine, at least partly because of inadequate maintenance. Stainless-steel and polypropylene bedpans gave essentially the same results. PMID:6591

THE RESULTS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ASSAY IN PARATHYROID ASPIRATES IN PRE-OPERATIVE LOCALIZATION OF PARATHYROID ADENOMAS FOR FOCUSED PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH NEGATIVE OR SUSPICIOUS TECHNETIUM-99M-SESTAMIBI SCANS.

PubMed

Ozderya, Aysenur; Temizkan, Sule; Cetin, Kenan; Ozugur, Sule; Gul, Aylin Ege; Aydin, Kadriye

2017-09-01

This study aimed to evaluate the results of parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay in parathyroid aspirates to determine uniglandular disease by an endocrinologist-performed ultrasound (US) in patients with discordant or negative technetium-sestamibi scans and to evaluate whether this procedure increases the number of focused parathyroidectomies (FPs). We analyzed the data of 65 patients who underwent an endocrinologist-performed US-guided parathyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with PTH wash-out, retrospectively. The results of PTH wash-out procedure and the reports of parathyroid surgery and pathology were reviewed. Of 65 patients, 54 had positive PTH wash-out results. The median serum PTH level of patients with positive and negative PTH wash-out results was 143 (25 and 75% interquartile range [IQR], 114 to 197) versus 154 (IQR, 115 to 255) pg/mL (P = .45), and the median PTH in FNA was 3,533 (IQR, 1,481 to 3,534) versus 6.0 (IQR, 1 to 6) pg/mL (P<.001), respectively. Forty-five patients underwent surgery. Of the operated patients, 42 had positive PTH wash-out results and had successful FP. Four patients with redo surgery had positive PTH wash-out results and were successfully re-operated with FP. Of 11 patients with negative PTH wash-out results, 3 had bilateral neck exploration (BNE) surgery and 2 patients were successfully operated, while surgery was unsuccessful in 1 patient, despite BNE. Our study results suggest that endocrinologist-performed US and parathyroid FNA with PTH wash-out increases the number and success of FPs. In particular, patients with redo surgery may benefit from this procedure. 4D-CT = four-dimensional computed tomography BNE = bilateral neck exploration FNA = fine-needle aspiration FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy FP = focused parathyroidectomy IQR = 25 and 75% inter-quartile range PHPT = primary hyperparathyroidism PPV = positive predictive value PTH = parathyroid hormone 99m Tc = technetium US = ultrasound.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, H.B.; Blaufox, M.D.

Rats with one kidney clamped (2K1C), both kidneys clamped (2K2C), unilaterally nephrectomized with remaining kidney clamped (1K1C), and normals, were studied using /sup 99m/Tc mercaptoacetyltriglycine ((/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3) and /sup 131/I orthoiodohippurate ((/sup 131/I)OIH). Clearances of (/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3 and (/sup 131/I)OIH were performed after constricted rats became hypertensive. Clearances were repeated after i.v. Captopril. Clearances of (/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3 and (/sup 131/I)OIH in normals didn't change significantly after Captopril. Clearances of (/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3 and (/sup 131/I)OIH decreased insignificantly after Captopril in the 2K2C model. in the 2K1C group, normal kidney clearance increased ((/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3 p less than 0.01 and (/sup 131/I)OIH pmore » less than 0.025) and clamped kidney clearance decreased after inhibition ((/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3, p less than 0.01, (/sup 131/I)OIH p less than 0.02). Clearances increased in the 1K1C group after Captopril ((/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3 p less than 0.0025 and (/sup 131/I)OIH, p less than 0.001). The ratio of (/sup 99m/Tc)MAG-3 to (/sup 131/I)OIH before Captopril was 0.81 and 0.84 after Captopril. Changes in renal function after Captopril depend on the model of renovascular hypertension and possibly the dose administered. Technetium-99m MAG-3 clearance parallels (/sup 131/I)orthoiodohippurate in renovascular hypertension.« less

Do Chondral Lesions of the Knee Correlate with Bone Tracer Uptake by Using SPECT/CT?

PubMed

Dordevic, Milos; Hirschmann, Michael T; Rechsteiner, Jan; Falkowski, Anna; Testa, Enrique; Hirschmann, Anna

2016-01-01

To evaluate the correlation of bone tracer uptake as determined with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) and the size and severity of chondral lesions detected with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the knee. MR imaging and SPECT/CT images of 63 knee joints in 63 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 49.2 years ± 12.7) with chondral or osteochondral lesions were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed after approval by the ethics committee. Chondral lesions were graded on MR images by using a modified Noyes grading scale (grade 0, intact; grade 1, fibrillations; grade 2, <50% defect; grade 3, >50% defect; and grade 4, grade three plus subchondral changes) and measured in two dimensions. Technetium 99m hydroxymethane diphosphonate SPECT/CT bone tracer uptake was volumetrically quantified by using validated software. Maximum values of each subchondral area (patellofemoral or medial and lateral femorotibial) were quantified, and a ratio was calculated in relation to a reference region in the femoral shaft, which represented the bone tracer uptake background activity. Grades and sizes of chondral lesions and bone tracer uptake were correlated by using an independent t test and analysis of variance (P < .05). Bone tracer uptake was low (mean relative uptake, 1.64 ± 0.95) in knees without any present chondral lesion. In knees with grade 3 and 4 chondral lesions, the relative ratio was significantly higher (3.62 ± 2.18, P = .002) than in knees with grade 1 and 2 lesions (2.95 ± 2.07). The larger the diameter of the chondral lesion, the higher the bone tracer uptake. Higher grades of chondral lesions (grades 3 and 4) larger than 4 cm(2) (4.96 ± 2.43) showed a significantly higher bone tracer uptake than smaller lesions (<1 cm(2), 2.72 ± 1.43 [P = .011]; and 1-4 cm(2), 3.28 ± 2.15 [P = .004]). SPECT/CT findings significantly correlate with the degree and size of chondral lesions on MR images. Grade 3 and 4 chondral lesions of the knee, as well as larger lesions, correlate with a high bone tracer uptake. © RSNA, 2015.

Comparative evaluation of technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal dynamic imaging versus the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for the estimation of GFR.

PubMed

Huang, Qi; Chen, Yunshuang; Zhang, Min; Wang, Sihe; Zhang, Weiguang; Cai, Guangyan; Chen, Xiangmei; Sun, Xuefeng

2018-04-01

We compared the performance of technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( 99m Tc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging (RDI), the MDRD equation, and the CKD EPI equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A total of 551 subjects, including CKD patients and healthy individuals, were enrolled in this study. Dual plasma sample clearance method of 99m Tc-DTPA was used as the true value for GFR (tGFR). RDI and the MDRD and CKD EPI equations for estimating GFR were compared and evaluated. Data indicate that RDI and the MDRD equation underestimated GFR and CKD EPI overestimated GFR. RDI was associated with significantly higher bias than the MDRD and CKD EPI equations. The regression coefficient, diagnostic precision, and consistency of RDI were significantly lower than either equation. RDI and the MDRD equation underestimated GFR to a greater degree in subjects with tGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m 2 compared with the results obtained from all subjects. In the tGFR60-89 ml/min/1.73 m 2 group, the precision of RDI was significantly lower than that of both equations. In the tGFR30-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 group, RDI had the least bias, the most precision, and significantly higher accuracy compared with either equation. In tGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , the three methods had similar performance and were not significantly different. RDI significantly underestimates GFR and performs no better than MDRD and CKD EPI equations for GFR estimation; thus, it should not be recommended as a reference standard against which other GFR measurement methods are assessed. However, RDI better estimates GFR than either equation for individuals in the tGFR30-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 group and thus may be helpful to distinguish stage 3a and 3b CKD.

Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis in rats and humans with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy: imaging synovial neoangiogenesis

PubMed Central

Wang, Xiangcheng; Zhao, Zhenfang; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xuemei; Li, Xiao-Feng

2017-01-01

Objectives: To validate 99mTc-labeled arginylglycylaspartic acid (99mTc-3PRGD2) scintigraphy as a means to image synovial neoangiogenesis in joints afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis and to investigate its potential in the early detection and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were generated in Sprague Dawley rats by type II collagen immunization and papain injection, respectively. Rats were imaged with 99mTc-3PRGD2 and 99mTc- methyl diphosphonate (99mTc MDP). X-ray images were also obtained and assessed by a radiologist. Immunohistochemistry of αvβ3 and CD31confirmed the onset of synovial neoangiogenesis. The effect of bevacizumab on rheumatoid arthritis was followed with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis and a healthy volunteer were scanned with 99mTc-3PRGD2. Results: Two weeks after immunization, a significant increase in 99mTc-3PRGD2 was observed in the joints of the rheumatoid arthritis model though uptake in osteoarthritis model and untreated controls was low. 99mTc-MDP whole body scans failed to distinguish early rheumatoid arthritis joints from healthy controls. The expression of αvβ3 and CD31was significantly higher in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis rats compared to normal controls. In serial 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy studies, 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake increased in parallel with disease progression. Bevacizumab anti-angiogenetic therapy both improved the symptoms of the rheumatoid arthritis rats and significantly decreased 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake. Significantly higher 99mTc-3PRGD2 accumulation was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis joints in the patient. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy could detect early rheumatoid arthritis by imaging the associated synovial neoangiogenesis, and may be useful in disease management. PMID:27992368

Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis in rats and humans with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy: imaging synovial neoangiogenesis.

PubMed

Wu, Yu; Zhang, Guojian; Wang, Xiangcheng; Zhao, Zhenfang; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xuemei; Li, Xiao-Feng

2017-01-24

To validate 99mTc-labeled arginylglycylaspartic acid (99mTc-3PRGD2) scintigraphy as a means to image synovial neoangiogenesis in joints afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis and to investigate its potential in the early detection and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were generated in Sprague Dawley rats by type II collagen immunization and papain injection, respectively. Rats were imaged with 99mTc-3PRGD2 and 99mTc- methyl diphosphonate (99mTc MDP). X-ray images were also obtained and assessed by a radiologist. Immunohistochemistry of αvβ3 and CD31confirmed the onset of synovial neoangiogenesis. The effect of bevacizumab on rheumatoid arthritis was followed with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis and a healthy volunteer were scanned with 99mTc-3PRGD2. Two weeks after immunization, a significant increase in 99mTc-3PRGD2 was observed in the joints of the rheumatoid arthritis model though uptake in osteoarthritis model and untreated controls was low. 99mTc-MDP whole body scans failed to distinguish early rheumatoid arthritis joints from healthy controls. The expression of αvβ3 and CD31was significantly higher in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis rats compared to normal controls. In serial 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy studies, 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake increased in parallel with disease progression. Bevacizumab anti-angiogenetic therapy both improved the symptoms of the rheumatoid arthritis rats and significantly decreased 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake. Significantly higher 99mTc-3PRGD2 accumulation was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis joints in the patient. Our findings indicate that 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy could detect early rheumatoid arthritis by imaging the associated synovial neoangiogenesis, and may be useful in disease management.

Preclinical evaluation of (99m)Tc labeled chondroitin sulfate for monitoring of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Sobal, Grazyna; Velusamy, Kavitha; Kosik, Siegfried; Menzel, Johannes; Hacker, Marcus; Pagitz, Maximilian

2016-06-01

In previous in-vitro and ex-vivo studies we proved the specific uptake of (99m)Tc radiolabeled chondroitin sulfate (CS) in human articular cartilage. As a logical next step for the clinical use for imaging osteoarthritis we investigated in-vivo uptake of (99m)TcCS in dogs. The radiolabeling of CS Condrosulf (IBSA, Lugano, Switzerland) was performed using 25mg of CS and 20-40MBq/kg body weight of (99m)Tc by means of the tin method. In-vivo uptake of (99m)TcCS was evaluated in dogs (n=12, castrated males, 4-9years, with 15-51kg body weight). 6 healthy dogs served as controls and 6 with clinical and radiological signs of osteoarthritis in the carpal, elbow, and tarsal joint were examined. The tracer was i.v. injected into the external cephalic vein. The uptake was monitored after 2, 4, 6 and 24h in healthy and osteoarthritic dogs using a planar gamma camera by regional planar or whole body ventral and dorsal acquisition. For whole body scintigraphy animals were under general anesthesia, for planar under sedation only. In healthy control dogs we did not detect any specific uptake of (99m)TcCS in the cartilage. In contrast, in the diseased dogs suffering from osteoarthritis a significant, specific, persistent uptake between 4 and 6h in tarsal, carpal and cubital joints was documented. Median target (joint) to background (mid antebrachium) ratio (T/B) in the OA joints after 4, 6, and 24h was significantly higher than in healthy controls. Target to background ratio using soft tissue as a background (T/S) a similar significantly higher than in healthy controls. In all osteoarthritic joints we found a significant positive correlation (r=0.8, n=20) between grade of disease (I-III) and T/B. When matching radiographic (X ray) changes in osteoarthritic joints (grade II and III) we found also a maximal uptake of (99m)TcCS at the specific anatomical site of highest cartilage degeneration. None of the dogs experienced any side effects. These results suggest that (99m)TcCS might become a promising diagnostic tool for imaging osteoarthritis. More extensive and detailed examinations are required, however, before extending this methodology for application in humans. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levy, H.M.; Smith, R.

Two cases of thalassemia major are presented in which bone scintigraphy demonstrated diffuse hepatic uptake of Tc-99m diphosphonate. Although abnormal splenic and renal uptake of Tc-99m phosphates has been reported in patients with thalassemia major, hepatic uptake has not been reported previously. This scintigraphic finding is presumably due to increased iron deposition in the liver, resulting from increased iron turnover and retention in these patients and from multiple previous blood transfusions.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mann, S.J.; Pickering, T.G.; Sos, T.A.

The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical usefulness of renography performed in combination with captopril administration (captopril renography) in diagnosing renal artery stenosis. Fifty-five patients with suspected renal artery stenosis underwent renography prior to performance of renal angiography. Renography was performed on two consecutive days using technetium-99m-diethylenetiamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) as an index of glomerular filtration rate and iodine-131-orthoiodohippurate (OIH) as an index of renal blood flow. Captopril (25 mg orally, crushed) was administered 1 hour before the second study. Renal artery stenosis was defined as a stenosis exceeding 70%. Renographic criteria were thenmore » established, retrospectively, to differentiate renal artery stenosis from essential hypertension based on (1) asymmetry of function and (2) the presence of captopril-induced changes. Renal artery stenosis was detected in 35 of 55 patients (21 with unilateral and 14 with bilateral stenosis). Three criteria were established for diagnosing renal artery stenosis: (1) a percent uptake of DTPA by the affected kidney of less than 40% of the combined bilateral uptake, (2) a delayed time to peak uptake of DTPA, which was more than 5 minutes longer in the affected kidney than in the contralateral kidney, (3) a delayed excretion of DTPA, with retention at 15 minutes, as a fraction of peak activity, more than 20% greater than in the contralateral kidney. The presence of one or more of these criteria was diagnostic of renal artery stenosis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 75%, respectively before captopril administration, and 94% and 95% after captopril administration. Lesser degrees of asymmetry (i.e., uptake of 40% to 50%) had very poor diagnostic specificity.« less

Use of Tc-99 m thyroid scans in borderline congenital hypothyroidism.

PubMed

Oren, Asaf; Wang, Michael Ke; Brnjac, Lori; Mahmud, Farid H; Palmert, Mark R

2016-03-01

Mild or borderline congenital hypothyroidism [often referred to as mild neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia (MNH)] is characterized by an abnormal newborn screen (NBS), followed by mildly elevated TSH and normal FT4 on confirmatory testing. This condition is increasingly observed, but data regarding optimal management are limited. Examine the use of routine technetium thyroid scanning (TS) in the management of MNH. Retrospective study of infants with MNH between 2000 and 2011. We assessed the clinical course of infants with MNH according to TS results; as a comparator, infants with classic congenital hypothyroidism (CH) were analysed in parallel. We identified 69 infants (52% boys) with MNH and 164 (34% boys) with classic CH. TS results were divided into four subgroups: no uptake in 7% of MNH vs 24% of classic CH (P < 0·01), decreased uptake/anatomical abnormalities in 39% vs 46% (p = NS), increased uptake in 35% vs 26% (p = NS) and normal uptake in 19% vs 4% (P < 0·01). In MNH, neither NBS-TSH, confirmatory TSH and FT4, mean LT-4 treatment doses and number of dose escalations, nor post-treatment FT4 and TSH differed among the four subgroups. In contrast, clinical features in infants with classic CH differed among the subgroups. Among MNH infants who reached 3 years of age, trial-off treatment was successful in 6 of 11 (55%) with no apparent difference in success rates among TS subgroups. The information provided by TS during evaluation of MNH does not predict clinical course; obtaining these scans in infants with MNH may not be an effective use of healthcare resources. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Review of Extraskeletal Activity on Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scintigraphy and Value of Cross-Sectional and SPECT-CT Imaging Correlation.

PubMed

Bermo, Mohammed; Behnia, Sanaz; Fair, Joanna; Miyaoka, Robert S; Elojeimy, Saeed

2017-07-31

Recognizing the different mechanisms and imaging appearance of extraskeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake enhances the diagnostic value of bone scan interpretation. In this article, we present a pictorial review of the different mechanisms of extraskeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake on bone scintigraphy including neoplastic, inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic, excretory, and iatrogenic. We also illustrate through case examples the added value of correlation with cross-sectional and single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography imaging in localizing and characterizing challenging cases of extraskeletal uptake. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI imaging and the expressions of P-gp, GST-π, and MRP1 in hyperparathyroidism.

PubMed

Xue, Jianjun; Liu, Yan; Yang, Danrong; Yu, Yan; Geng, Qianqian; Ji, Ting; Yang, Lulu; Wang, Qi; Wang, Yuanbo; Lu, Xueni; Yang, Aimin

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to further elucidate the mechanisms of dual-phase technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) parathyroid imaging by exploring the association between early uptake results (EUR), delayed uptake results (DUR), and the retention index (RI) in dual-phase Tc-MIBI parathyroid imaging and P glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) expression in hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Preoperative dual-phase (early and delayed) Tc-MIBI imaging was performed on 74 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for HPT. EUR, DUR, and RI were calculated. P-gp, MRP1, and GST-π expressions were assessed using immunohistochemistry in resected tissue from HPT and control patients. The association between P-gp, MRP1, and GST-π expressions and EUR, DUR, and RI in HPT was evaluated. The positive rate of dual-phase T c-MIBI imaging was 91.89% (68/74) and the false-negative rate was 8.11% (6/74). P-gp and GST-π expressions were higher in tissues resected from control compared with HPT patients (47.37 and 81.5%, P<0.05); there was no difference in MRP1. EUR were associated with P-gp and GST-π expressions, and DUR were associated with MRP1 expression. There was a significant difference in MRP1 expression between RI greater than or equal to 0 and RI less than 0. There was no relationship between the sensitivity of dual-phase Tc-MIBI imaging and P-gp, MRP1, and GST-π expressions in resected parathyroid tissue. The six false-negative HPT cases consisted of three P-gp (-)/MRP1 (-) tissues, three P-gp (-)/GST-π (-) tissues, and four MRP1 (-)/GST-π (-) tissues. As P-gp and GST-π expressions were higher in tissues resected from control compared with HPT patients, Tc-MIBI may wash out faster from normal parathyroid tissue surrounding the lesion compared with the lesion itself, facilitating detection.

Scintigraphy of sacroliac joints in acute anterior uveitis. A study of thirty patients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Russell, A.S.; Lentle, B.C.; Percy, J.S.

1976-11-01

HLA-B27 is a transplantation antigen found in a high proportion of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Recently, an association has been shown to exist between HLA-B27 and acute uveitis, even in the absence of ankylosing spondylitis. We have examined the HLA antigen profile of 45 patients with acute nongranulomatous anterior uveitis and have confirmed this relation. In addition, using 90m technetium stannous pyrophosphate we have been able to demonstrate abnormal bone scan in 19 of 30 patients studied. Such abnormalities are limited to the sacroiliac joints but are otherwise the same as those seen in overt ankylosing spondylitis. Seven of themore » 19 patients did not have HLA-B27. These factors suggest that acute anterior uveitis may often represent a manifestation of a spondylitic diathesis even in the complete absence of any suggestive symptomatic or radiologic change and, in some cases, even through the antigenic marker HLA-B27 may be absent.« less

A secular technetium-molybdenum generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Araujo, Wagner L.; Campos, Tarcisio P. R.

2015-05-01

A compact secular molybdenium generator is subject of this paper. This generator represents a nuclear system that comprises a hydrogen-isotopes fusor, moderator, reflector and shield. Deuterium fusion reactions in a tritiated or deuterated target provide the neutron source. A moderation fluid slowdown the neutron energy which increases 98Mo(n,γ)99Mo capture reaction rates. Neutron reflection minimizes the neutron escape and the radiation shield encloses the device. The neutron yield calculation along with electromagnetic and nuclear simulations were addressed. Results revealed the accelerator equipotential surfaces ranging from -30 to 150 kV, the ion trajectories and the energy beam profile define a deuteron current of 1 A with energy of 180 keV at the target, the spatial distribution of the neutron flux, and the 99Mo and 99mTc activities in function of transmuter operation time. The kinetics of the 99mTc correlated to its precursor activity demonstrates a secular equilibrium providing 2 Ci in a operational time of 150 h. As conclusion, the investigated nuclear and electromagnetic features have demonstrated that such generator shall have a notable potential for feeding the 99mTc clinical application.

The adsorption of 99Tcm dimercaptosuccinic acid onto injection vials.

PubMed

Millar, A M

1984-04-01

It is common practice to dispense radiopharmaceuticals into empty sterile vials for dispatch to the departments where they are to be administered. It has been noted that on withdrawal of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid injections (99Tcm-DMSA) which have been dispensed into such vials, the activities obtained are lower than expected. To explain this phenomenon, the adsorption of 99Tcm-DMSA onto commercially available, empty, sterile vials has been investigated. The 99Tcm-DMSA solutions were prepared using kits from two manufacturers and were tested in vials from two manufacturers and the original kit vials. Adsorption of 99Tcm in one DMSA/vial combination after storage for 4 h was 49.6% (+/- 4.5% S.E.M.), but typically, adsorption was approximately 12% after 4 h. Although rate of adsorption was found to vary with storage conditions, no conditions satisfactorily overcame the effect. In vials from one manufacturer, the 99Tcm adsorption was predominantly on the glass, while in vials from the other, it was predominantly on the rubber stopper. It is concluded that the compatibility between vials and radiopharmaceuticals must be investigated in the hospital radiopharmacy.

Non-pertechnetate Technetium Sensor Research and Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bryan, Samuel A.; Rapko, Brian M.; Branch, Shirmir D.

Several significant uncertainties remain regarding the understanding and modeling of the fate and speciation of technicium-99 ( 99Tc) in Hanford waste tanks, glass, and low-temperature waste forms. A significant (2% to 25%) fraction of the 99Tc in the water-soluble portion of the tank waste may be present as one or more non pertechnetate species that have not been identified and to date, cannot be effectively separated from the wastes. This task will provide a sensor specifically tuned to detect the Tc(I)-carbonyl species believed to constitute the main fraction of the non-pertechnetate form of technetium. By direct measurement of the non-pertechnetatemore » species, such a sensor will help reduce the uncertainties in the modeling of the fate and speciation of 99Tc in Hanford tanks and waste forms. This report summarizes work performed in FY2016 that was sponsored by the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management and demonstrates the protocol for using fluorescent Tc(I)-tricarbonyl complex as a means to detect the non-pertechnetate species within tank waste solutions. The protocol was optimized with respect to ligand concentration, solvent choice, reaction temperature and time. This work culminated in the quantitation of Tc(I)-tricarbonyl within a waste simulant, using a standard addition method for measurement. This report also summarizes the synthesis and high-yield preparation of the low-valence technetium species, [Tc(CO) 3(H 2O) 3] +, which will be used as the technetium standard material for the demonstration of the non-pertechnetate species in actual wastes.« less

New Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor-Directed [99mTc]Demobesin 1 Mimics: Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation.

PubMed

Nock, Berthold A; Charalambidis, David; Sallegger, Werner; Waser, Beatrice; Mansi, Rosalba; Nicolas, Guillaume P; Ketani, Eleni; Nikolopoulou, Anastasia; Fani, Melpomeni; Reubi, Jean-Claude; Maina, Theodosia

2018-04-12

We have previously reported on the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) antagonist [ 99m Tc]1, ([ 99m Tc]demobesin 1, 99m Tc-[N 4 '-diglycolate-dPhe 6 ,Leu-NHEt 13 ]BBN(6-13)). [ 99m Tc]1 has shown superior biological profile compared to analogous agonist-based 99m Tc-radioligands. We herein present a small library of [ 99m Tc]1 mimics generated after structural modifications in (a) the linker ([ 99m Tc]2, [ 99m Tc]3, [ 99m Tc]4), (b) the peptide chain ([ 99m Tc]5, [ 99m Tc]6), and (c) the C-terminus ([ 99m Tc]7 or [ 99m Tc]8). The effects of above modifications on the biological properties of analogs were studied in PC-3 cells and tumor-bearing SCID mice. All analogs showed subnanomolar affinity for the human GRPR, while most receptor-affine 4 and 8 behaved as potent GRPR antagonists in a functional internalization assay. In mice bearing PC-3 tumors, [ 99m Tc]1-[ 99m Tc]6 exhibited GRPR-specific tumor uptake, rapidly clearing from normal tissues. [ 99m Tc]4 displayed the highest tumor uptake (28.8 ± 4.1%ID/g at 1 h pi), which remained high even after 24 h pi (16.3 ± 1.8%ID/g), well surpassing that of [ 99m Tc]1 (5.4 ± 0.7%ID/g at 24 h pi).

Thiourea derivatives as chelating agents for bioconjugation of rhenium and technetium.

PubMed

Gomez, J D Castillo; Hagenbach, A; Gerling-Driessen, U I M; Koksch, B; Beindorff, N; Brenner, W; Abram, U

2017-10-31

Potential tetradentate thiocarbamoylbenzamidine derivatives H 4 L have been synthesized from the corresponding benzimidoyl chlorides and triglycine. They are suitable chelating agents for the oxidotechnetium(v) and oxidorhenium(v) cores and form stable, neutral [MO(HL)] complexes with an equatorial SN 3 coordination sphere and an additional, uncoordinated carboxylic group, which can be used for bioconjugation. Representatives of the rhenium and 99 Tc products have been isolated and analyzed with spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. Bioconjugates of these complexes with angiotensin-II have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Analogous 99m Tc complexes have been produced and tested in vitro and in vivo. The experiments confirm a considerable stability for the [ 99m Tc(HL)] product as well as for its bioconjugate and recommend this class of compounds for further bioconjugation studies towards clinical applications.

Presence of a plant-like proton-pumping pyrophosphatase in acidocalcisomes of Trypanosoma cruzi.

PubMed

Scott, D A; de Souza, W; Benchimol, M; Zhong, L; Lu, H G; Moreno, S N; Docampo, R

1998-08-21

The vacuolar-type proton-translocating pyrophosphatase (V-H+-PPase) is an enzyme previously described in detail only in plants. This paper demonstrates its presence in the trypanosomatid Trypanosoma cruzi. Pyrophosphate promoted organellar acidification in permeabilized amastigotes, epimastigotes, and trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. This activity was stimulated by K+ ions and was inhibited by Na+ ions and pyrophosphate analogs, as is the plant activity. Separation of epimastigote extracts on Percoll gradients yielded a dense fraction that contained H+-PPase activity measured both by proton uptake and phosphate release but lacked markers for mitochondria, lysosomes, glycosomes, cytosol, and plasma membrane. Antiserum raised against specific sequences of the plant V-H+-PPase cross-reacted with a T. cruzi protein, which was also detectable in the dense Percoll fraction. The organelles in this fraction appeared by electron microscopy to consist mainly of acidocalcisomes (acidic calcium storage organelles). This identification was confirmed by x-ray microanalysis. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the V-H+-PPase was located in the plasma membrane and acidocalcisomes of the three different forms of the parasite. Pyrophosphate was able to drive calcium uptake in permeabilized T. cruzi. This uptake depended upon a proton gradient and was reversed by a specific V-H+-PPase inhibitor. Our results imply that the phylogenetic distribution of V-H+-PPases is much wider than previously perceived but that the enzyme has a unique subcellular location in trypanosomes.

(99m)Tc-labeled gastrins of varying peptide chain length: Distinct impact of NEP/ACE-inhibition on stability and tumor uptake in mice.

PubMed

Kaloudi, Aikaterini; Nock, Berthold A; Lymperis, Emmanouil; Krenning, Eric P; de Jong, Marion; Maina, Theodosia

2016-06-01

In situ inhibition of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) has been recently shown to impressively increase the bioavailability and tumor uptake of biodegradable gastrin radioligands. Furthermore, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has been previously shown to cleave gastrin analogs in vitro. In the present study, we have assessed the effects induced by single or dual NEP/ACE-inhibition on the pharmacokinetic profile of three (99m)Tc-labeled gastrins of varying peptide chain length: [(99m)Tc]SG6 ([(99m)Tc-N4-Gln(1)]gastrin(1-17)), [(99m)Tc]DG2 ([(99m)Tc-N4-Gly(4),DGlu(5)]gastrin(4-17)) and [(99m)Tc]DG4 ([(99m)Tc-N4-DGlu(10)]gastrin(10-17)). Mouse blood samples were collected 5min after injection of each of [(99m)Tc]SG6/DG2/DG4 together with: a) vehicle, b) the NEP-inhibitor phosphoramidon (PA), c) the ACE-inhibitor lisinopril (Lis), or d) PA plus Lis and were analyzed by RP-HPLC for radiometabolite detection. Biodistribution was studied in SCID mice bearing A431-CCK2R(+/-) xenografts at 4h postinjection (pi). [(99m)Tc]SG6 or [(99m)Tc]DG4 was coinjected with either vehicle or the above described NEP/ACE-inhibitor regimens; for [(99m)Tc]DG2 control and PA animal groups were only included. Treatment of mice with PA induced significant stabilization of (99m)Tc-radiotracers in peripheral blood, while treatment with Lis or Lis+PA affected the stability of des(Glu)5 [(99m)Tc]DG4 only. In line with these findings, PA coinjection led to notable amplification of tumor uptake of radiopeptides compared to controls (P<0.01). Only [(99m)Tc]DG4 profited by single Lis (2.06±0.39%ID/g vs 0.99±0.13%ID/g in controls) or combined Lis+PA coinjection (8.91±1.61%ID/g vs 4.89±1.33%ID/g in PA-group). Furthermore, kidney uptake remained favourably low and unaffected by PA and/or Lis coinjection only in the case of [(99m)Tc]DG4 (<1.9%ID/g) resulting in the most optimal tumor-to-kidney ratios. In situ NEP/ACE-inhibition diversely affected the in vivo profile of (99m)Tc-radioligands based on different-length gastrins. Truncated [(99m)Tc]DG4 exhibited overall the most attractive profile during combined NEP/ACE-inhibition in mouse models, providing new opportunities for CCK2R-expressing tumor imaging in man with SPECT. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Understanding the in vivo uptake kinetics of a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding agent 99mTc-Duramycin

PubMed Central

Audi, Said; Li, Zhixin; Capacete, Joseph; Liu, Yu; Fang, Wei; Shu, Laura G.; Zhao, Ming

2013-01-01

Introduction 99mTc-Duramycin is a peptide-based molecular probe that binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The goal was to characterize the kinetics of molecular interactions between 99mTc-Duramycin and the target tissue. Methods High level of accessible PE is induced in cardiac tissues by myocardial ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min) in Sprague Dawley rats. Target binding and biodistribution of 99mTc-duramycin was captured using SPECT/CT. To quantify the binding kinetics, the presence of radioactivity in ischemic versus normal cardiac tissues was measured by gamma counting at 3, 10, 20, 60 and 180 min after injection. A partially inactivated form of 99mTc-Duramycin was analyzed in the same fashion. A compartment model was developed to quantify the uptake kinetics of 99mTc-Duramycin in normal and ischemic myocardial tissue. Results 99mTc-duramycin binds avidly to the damaged tissue with a high target-to-background radio. Compartment modeling shows that accessibility of binding sites in myocardial tissue to 99mTc-Duramycin is not a limiting factor and the rate constant of target binding in the target tissue is at 2.2 ml/nmol/min/g. The number of available binding sites for 99mTc-Duramycin in ischemic myocardium was estimated at 0.14 nmol/g. Covalent modification of D15 resulted in a 9 fold reduction in binding affinity. Conclusion 99mTc-Duramycin accumulates avidly in target tissues in a PE-dependent fashion. Model results reflect an efficient uptake mechanism, consistent with the low molecular weight of the radiopharmaceutical and the relatively high density of available binding sites. These data help better define the imaging utilities of 99mTc-Duramycin as a novel PE-binding agent. PMID:22534031

An estimate of the inventory of technetium-99 in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea.

PubMed

Jenkinson, Stuart B; McCubbin, David; Kennedy, Paul H W; Dewar, Alastair; Bonfield, Rachel; Leonard, Kinson S

2014-07-01

Published results from earlier studies have provided indications that measurable quantities of technetium-99 ((99)Tc) have accumulated in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea. This is due to the enhanced discharges from the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria, UK (between 1994 and 2004). Depth distributions of (99)Tc concentrations in sub-tidal sediments have been determined from a limited number of Irish Sea sites, following the collection of deep sediment cores (up to 2 m in depth), sampled in two research cruise surveys in 2005 and 2006. Vertical concentration profiles of (99)Tc from a range of substrates in the Irish Sea are presented here and these have been used to produce an estimate of the total inventory of (99)Tc residing in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea. Significant variation was observed between (99)Tc concentrations in the sediment samples, as well as in the shape of individual depth profiles. As anticipated, concentrations tended to be greater on fine-grained (muddy) substrates and showed a general decrease with distance from Sellafield. Vertical concentration profiles of (137)Cs, and (137)Cs data from published work, have also been considered to evaluate the use of the relatively few (99)Tc core data (upon which to determine the (99)Tc inventory). The inventories of (99)Tc and (137)Cs are estimated to have been of the order of 30 and 455 terabecquerels (TBq), respectively, or ∼2% of the total cumulative Sellafield discharge for each of the two radionuclides. The residence half-time of (137)Cs in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea is estimated to be in the order of ∼16 years. Therefore, as the Kd values for (99)Tc and (137)Cs are similar, this also provides an indicative value to predict future losses of (99)Tc from the sediment reservoir. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preclinical molecular imaging: development of instrumentation for translational research with small laboratory animals.

PubMed

Mejia, Jorge; Miranda, Ana Claudia Camargo; Durante, Ana Claudia Ranucci; Oliveira, Larissa Rolim de; Barboza, Marycel Rosa Felisa Figols de; Rosell, Katerin Taboada; Jardim, Daniele Pereira; Campos, Alexandre Holthausen; Reis, Marilia Alves Dos; Catanoso, Marcela Forli; Galvis-Alonso, Orfa Yineth; Cabral, Francisco Romero

2016-01-01

To present the result of upgrading a clinical gamma-camera to be used to obtain in vivo tomographic images of small animal organs, and its application to register cardiac, renal and neurological images. An updated version of the miniSPECT upgrading device was built, which is composed of mechanical, electronic and software subsystems. The device was attached to a Discovery VH (General Electric Healthcare) gamma-camera, which was retired from the clinical service and installed at the Centro de Imagem Pré-Clínica of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. The combined system was characterized, determining operational parameters, such as spatial resolution, magnification, maximum acceptable target size, number of projections, and acquisition and reconstruction times. Images were obtained with 0.5mm spatial resolution, with acquisition and reconstruction times between 30 and 45 minutes, using iterative reconstruction with 10 to 20 iterations and 4 projection subsets. The system was validated acquiring in vivo tomographic images of the heart, kidneys and brain of normal animals (mice and adult rats), using the radiopharmaceuticals technetium-labeled hexakis-2-methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-Sestamibi), technetium-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) and technetium-labeled hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). This kind of application, which consists in the adaptation for an alternative objective of already existing instrumentation, resulted in a low-cost infrastructure option, allowing to carry out large scale in vivo studies with enhanced quality in several areas, such as neurology, nephrology, cardiology, among others. Apresentar o resultado da adaptação de uma gama câmara clínica para uso dedicado na obtenção de imagens tomográficas in vivo de órgãos de pequenos animais de experimentação, e de sua aplicação na obtenção de imagens cardíacas, renais e neurológicas. Foi construída uma versão atualizada do dispositivo de adaptação miniSPECT, composto por três subsistemas: mecânico, eletrônico e de software. O dispositivo foi montado em uma câmara Discovery VH da General Electric Healthcare, retirada do serviço clínico e instalada no Centro de Imagem Pré-Clínica do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. O sistema combinado foi caracterizado, determinando parâmetros de funcionamento como resolução espacial, magnificação, limites de tamanho dos alvos de estudo, número de projeções, tempo de registro e tempo de reconstrução das imagens tomográficas. Foram obtidas imagens com resolução espacial de até 0,5mm, com tempos de registro e reconstrução de 30 a 45 minutos, utilizando reconstrução iterativa com 10 a 20 iterações e 4 subconjuntos de projeções. O sistema foi validado obtendo imagens tomográficas in vivo do coração, dos rins e do cérebro de animais normais (camundongos e ratos adultos), utilizando os radiofármacos hexaquis-2-metoxi-isobutil-isonitrila marcado com 99mTc (Sestamibi-99mTc), ácido dimercaptosuccínico marcado com 99mTc (DMSA-99mTc) e hexametil-propileno-amina-oxima marcada com 99mTc (HMPAO-99mTc). Este tipo de aplicação, que consiste na adaptação para um objetivo alternativo de instrumentação já existente, constituiu-se em uma opção de infraestrutura de baixo custo, que permite realizar estudos in vivo em larga escala, com qualidade aprimorada, em áreas diversas, como neurologia, nefrologia, cardiologia, entre outras.

[Should morphology of the upper pole in renal duplication with preserved function and associated ureterocele be taken into account during treatment planning?].

PubMed

Materny, Jacek; Chojnacka, Hanna; Urasińska, Elzbieta; Gawrych, Elzbieta

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was to assess structural changes of the upper pole in renal duplication with coexisting ureterocele with regard to primary and/or secondary lesions. These changes might be of importance in treatment planning. The material of this study consisted of clinical documentation and results of histopathology of 23 upper poles removed due to renal duplication with coexisting ureterocele. The qualification criterion was preserved function of the upper pole seen with 99mTc-DTPA (99mTechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid)/99mTc-DMSA (99mTechnetium dimercaptosuccinic acid). Resection of the upper pole was indicated in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections and/or persistent vesicoureteral reflux to the lower pole following endoscopic surgery of the ureterocele and/or low function of the upper pole. Morphological lesions were classified as primary (dysplasia) or secondary lesions. The patients were operated at the Department of Pediatric and Oncologic Surgery, PMU, in 1990-2008. The study group consisted of 17 girls and 6 boys aged from 4 months to 9 years (mean 40 months). Recurrent urinary tract infections noted in 16 (70%) children were the most frequent indication for surgery. The preoperative mean function of the renal poles assessed with DTPA/DMSA represented 6% of the differential renal function. Dysplasia was identified in eight resected renal poles (34%) with coexisting secondary lesions in three of them. Secondary lesions only were seen in 15 poles (66%). There was no correlation between age and incidence of dysplasia during follow-up (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.031). Secondary lesions are a quite frequent finding in resected upper poles. As 66% of the renal poles studied with histopathology revealed secondary lesions only, we believe that renal sparing treatment is justified in cases of urinary duplication with coexisting ureterocele.

Imaging vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors in turpentine-induced sterile thigh abscesses with radiolabeled single-chain VEGF.

PubMed

Levashova, Zoia; Backer, Marina; Backer, Joseph M; Blankenberg, Francis G

2009-12-01

Angiogenesis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are the most important regulators of angiogenesis. We wished to determine whether labeled forms of single-chain VEGF (scVEGF) could be used to image VEGF receptors in a well-characterized model of sterile soft-tissue inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine. Anesthetized adult male Swiss-Webster mice received a 20-microL intramuscular injection of turpentine into the right thigh. At 4, 7, or 10 d later, groups of 3-5 mice were injected via the tail vein with 50 microg of either scVEGF that had been site specifically labeled with Cy5.5 (scVEGF/Cy) or inactivated scVEGF/Cy (inVEGF/Cy) and then examined by fluorescence imaging. At 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, or 12 d, additional groups of 3-5 mice were injected via the tail vein with 74-111 MBq of (99m)Tc-scVEGF (or (99m)Tc-inVEGF) and then examined by SPECT imaging. On days 3 through 10, both forms of scVEGF (scVEGF/Cy and (99m)Tc-scVEGF) showed significantly higher uptake (P < 0.05) in the right (abscessed) thigh than in the contralateral thigh (and higher uptake than the inactivated tracer). Peak uptake occurred on day 7 (3.67 +/- 1.79 [ratio of uptake in abscessed thigh to uptake in normal thigh, mean +/- SD] and 0.72 +/- 0.01 for scVEGF/Cy and inVEGF/Cy, respectively, and 3.49 +/- 1.22 and 1.04 +/- 0.41 for (99m)Tc-scVEGF and (99m)Tc-inVEGF, respectively) and slowly decreased thereafter. Autoradiography revealed peak tracer uptake in the thick irregular angiogenic rim of the abscess cavity on day 9 (5.83 x 10(-7) +/- 9.22 x 10(-8) and 5.85 x 10(-8) +/- 5.95 x 10(-8) percentage injected dose per pixel for (99m)Tc-scVEGF and (99m)Tc-inVEGF, respectively); in comparison, a thin circumscribed rim of uptake was seen with (99m)Tc-inVEGF. Immunostaining revealed that VEGFR-2 (VEGF receptor) colocalized with CD31 (endothelial cell marker) at all time points in the abscess rim, whereas F4/80 (macrophage) immunostaining reached a maximum at day 7 and decreased by day 10. The uptake of scVEGF in turpentine-induced abscesses was specific and directly related to VEGFR-2 expression in the neovasculature of the angiogenic rim. Peak tracer uptake coincided with maximum macrophage infiltration, suggesting that scVEGF imaging may be useful for the detection, localization, and monitoring of chronic inflammation in bone, joints, or soft tissues.

Functional renal imaging: new trends in radiology and nuclear medicine.

PubMed

Durand, Emmanuel; Chaumet-Riffaud, Philippe; Grenier, Nicolas

2011-01-01

The objective of this work is to compare the characteristics of various techniques for functional renal imaging, with a focus on nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging. Even with low spatial resolution and rather poor signal-to-noise ratio, classical nuclear medicine has the advantage of linearity and good sensitivity. It remains the gold standard technique for renal relative functional assessment. Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled diethylenetriamine penta-acetate remains the reference glomerular tracer. Tubular tracers have been improved: (123)I- or (131)I-hippuran, (99m)Tc-MAG3 and, recently, (99m)Tc-nitrilotriacetic acid. However, advancement in molecular imaging has not produced a groundbreaking tracer. Renal magnetic resonance imaging with classical gadolinated tracers probably has potential in this domain but has a lack of linearity and, therefore, its value still needs evaluation. Moreover, the advent of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has delayed its expansion. Other developments, such as diffusion or blood oxygen level-dependent imaging, may have a role in the future. The other modalities have a limited role in clinical practice for functional renal imaging. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quantitation of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve from early gated regadenoson stress Tc-99m high efficiency SPECT

PubMed Central

Brodov, Yafim; Fish, Mathews; Rubeaux, Mathieu; Otaki, Yuka; Gransar, Heidi; Lemley, Mark; Gerlach, Jim; Berman, Daniel; Germano, Guido; Slomka, Piotr

2016-01-01

Background Ejection fraction (EF) reserve has been found to be a useful adjunct for identifying high risk coronary artery disease in cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to evaluate EF reserve obtained from technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m) high-efficiency (HE) SPECT. Methods Fifty patients (mean age 69 y) undergoing regadenoson same-day rest (8–11 mCi)/stress (32–42mCi) Tc-99m gated HE SPECT were enrolled. Stress imaging was started one min after sequential intravenous regadenoson 0.4mg and Tc-99m injection, and was composed of five 2 min supine gated acquisitions followed by two 4 min supine and upright images. Ischemic total perfusion deficit (ITPD) ≥ 5 % was considered as significant ischemia. Results Significantly lower mean EF reserve was obtained in the 5th and 9th min after regadenoson bolus in patients with significant ischemia versus patients without (5th min: −4.2 ± 4.6% vs. 1.3 ± 6.6%, p = 0.006; 9th min: −2.7 ± 4.8% vs. 2.0 ± 6.6%, p = 0.03). Conclusions Negative EF reserve obtained between 5th and 9th min of regadenoson stress demonstrated best concordance with significant ischemia and may be a promising tool for detection of myocardial stunning with Tc-99m HE-SPECT. PMID:27387521

Quantitation of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve from early gated regadenoson stress Tc-99m high-efficiency SPECT.

PubMed

Brodov, Yafim; Fish, Mathews; Rubeaux, Mathieu; Otaki, Yuka; Gransar, Heidi; Lemley, Mark; Gerlach, Jim; Berman, Daniel; Germano, Guido; Slomka, Piotr

2016-12-01

Ejection fraction (EF) reserve has been found to be a useful adjunct for identifying high risk coronary artery disease in cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to evaluate EF reserve obtained from technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m) high-efficiency (HE) SPECT. Fifty patients (mean age 69 years) undergoing regadenoson same-day rest (8-11 mCi)/stress (32-42 mCi) Tc-99m gated HE SPECT were enrolled. Stress imaging was started 1 minute after sequential intravenous regadenoson .4 mg and Tc-99m injections, and was composed of five 2 minutes supine gated acquisitions followed by two 4 minutes supine and upright images. Ischemic total perfusion deficit (ITPD) ≥5 % was considered as significant ischemia. Significantly lower mean EF reserve was obtained in the 5th and 9th minute after regadenoson bolus in patients with significant ischemia vs patients without (5th minute: -4.2 ± 4.6% vs 1.3 ± 6.6%, P = .006; 9th minute: -2.7 ± 4.8% vs 2.0 ± 6.6%, P = .03). Negative EF reserve obtained between 5th and 9th minutes of regadenoson stress demonstrated best concordance with significant ischemia and may be a promising tool for detection of transient ischemic functional changes with Tc-99m HE-SPECT.

Assessment of functional liver reserve: old and new in 99mTc-sulfur colloid scintigraphy.

PubMed

Matesan, Manuela M; Bowen, Stephen R; Chapman, Tobias R; Miyaoka, Robert S; Velez, James W; Wanner, Michele F; Nyflot, Matthew J; Apisarnthanarax, Smith; Vesselle, Hubert J

2017-07-01

A semiquantitative assessment of hepatic reticuloendothelial system function using colloidal particles scintigraphy has been proposed previously as a surrogate for liver function evaluation. In this article, we present an updated method for the overall assessment of technetium-99m (Tc)-sulfur colloid (SC) biodistribution that combines information from planar and attenuation-corrected Tc-SC single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. The imaging protocol described here was developed as an easy-to-implement method to assess overall and regional liver function changes associated with chronic liver disease. Thirty patients with chronic liver disease and primary liver cancers underwent Tc-SC whole-body planar imaging and upper-abdomen SPECT/computed tomography (CT) imaging before external beam radiation therapy. Liver plus spleen and bone marrow counts as a fraction of whole-body total counts were calculated from SC planar imaging. Attenuation correction Tc-SC images were rigidly coregistered with treatment planning CT images that contained liver and spleen regions-of-interest. Ratios of total liver counts to total spleen counts were obtained from the aligned Tc-SC SPECT and CT images, and were subsequently used to separate liver plus spleen counts obtained on the planar images. This hybrid SPECT/CT and planar scintigraphy approach yielded an updated estimation of whole-body SC distribution. These biodistribution estimates were compared with historical data for reference. Statistical associations of Tc-SC biodistribution to liver function parameters and liver disease scoring systems (Child-Pugh) were evaluated by Spearman rank correlation. Percentages of Tc-SC uptake ranged from 19.3 to 77.3% for the liver; 3.4 to 40.7% for the spleen; and 19.0 to 56.7% for the bone marrow. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant statistical association between Child-Pugh score and bone marrow uptake at 0.55 (P≤0.05), liver uptake at 0.71 (P≤0.001), spleen uptake at 0.56 (P≤0.05), and spleen plus bone marrow uptake at 0.71 (P≤0.001). There was also a good correlation of SC uptake percentages with individual quantitative liver function components such as albumin and total bilirubin, and qualitative liver function components (varices, portal hypertension, ascites). For albumin: r=0.64 (P<0.001) compared with liver uptake percentage from the whole-body counts, r=0.49 (P<0.001) compared with splenic uptake percentage, and r=0.45 (P≤0.05) compared with bone marrow uptake percentage. We describe a novel liver function quantitative assessment method that combines whole-body planar images and SPECT/CT attenuation-corrected images of Tc-SC distribution. Attenuation-corrected SC images provide valuable regional liver function information, which is a unique feature compared with other imaging methods available. The results of our study indicate that the Tc-SC uptake by the liver, spleen, and bone marrow correlates with liver function parameters in patients with diffuse liver disease and the correlation with liver disease severity is slightly better for liver uptake percentages than for individual values of bone marrow and spleen uptake percentages.

Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong; Wang, Guohui; Schweiger, Michael J.; Soderquist, Chuck Z.; Lukens, Wayne; Kruger, Albert A.

2018-05-01

Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO2•2H2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.

Annual Progress Report Fiscal Year 1982.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-30

255 Work Jnit No. 82/43 (FY82,O) A\\dolescent Immunity to Varicella and Cytomegalovirus .............. 256 Work Unit No. 82/45 (FY82,O) V!1-26 In...with technetium-99m bone agent(Infarct avid) radiopharmaceuticals. Presented at the New Mexico Society of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque NM, 11-12 Dec...No: 82/43 Status: Ongoing Title: Adolescent Immunity to Varicella and Cytomegalovirus Start Date: Est Comp Date: Principal Investigator: Facility: LTC

Nuclear cardiology: Part 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berger, H.J.; Zaret, B.L.

1981-10-01

A review of recent developments and future directions in nuclear cardiology is presented. Myocardial perfusion imaging is discussed with special emphasis on thallium-201 methods. Infarct-avid imaging is also discussed with emphasis on technetium-99m labelled in diagnosis, and emission computed tomography is briefly reviewed. In addition, new biologically based radiotracers such as indium-111-labeled blood cells, gallium-67 citrate, and new positron- and gamma-emittng radiotracers are reviewed.

Rare Case of an Epithelial Cyst in an Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Treated by Robot-Assisted Spleen Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy.

PubMed

van Dijck, Willemijn P M; Groot, Vincent P; Brosens, Lodewijk A A; Hagendoorn, Jeroen; Rinkes, Inne H M Borel; van Leeuwen, Maarten S; Molenaar, I Quintus

2016-01-01

Epithelial cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) is exceedingly rare with only 57 cases reported since the first publication in 1980. Comprehensive clinical and diagnostic features remain to be clarified. We present a case of ECIPAS in a 21-year-old Philippine woman who was admitted with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. A cystic lesion in the pancreatic tail was discovered and evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Based on clinical and radiological features a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm was suspected. The patient underwent robot-assisted spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy. Pathological evaluation revealed a 26 mm intrapancreatic accessory spleen with a 16 mm cyst, lined by multilayered epithelium in the tail of the pancreas. The postoperative course was uneventful. Differentiating ECIPAS from (pre)malignant cystic pancreatic neoplasms based on clinical and radiological features remains difficult. When typical radiological signs can be combined with scintigraphy using Technetium-99m labelled colloid or Technetium-99m labelled erythrocytes, which can identify the solid component of the lesion as splenic tissue, it should be possible to make the right diagnosis noninvasively. When pancreatectomy is inevitable due to symptoms or patient preference, minimally invasive laparoscopic or robot-assisted spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy should be considered.

Rare Case of an Epithelial Cyst in an Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Treated by Robot-Assisted Spleen Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy

PubMed Central

van Dijck, Willemijn P. M.; Brosens, Lodewijk A. A.; Hagendoorn, Jeroen; Rinkes, Inne H. M. Borel; van Leeuwen, Maarten S.

2016-01-01

Epithelial cyst in an intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) is exceedingly rare with only 57 cases reported since the first publication in 1980. Comprehensive clinical and diagnostic features remain to be clarified. We present a case of ECIPAS in a 21-year-old Philippine woman who was admitted with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. A cystic lesion in the pancreatic tail was discovered and evaluated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Based on clinical and radiological features a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm was suspected. The patient underwent robot-assisted spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy. Pathological evaluation revealed a 26 mm intrapancreatic accessory spleen with a 16 mm cyst, lined by multilayered epithelium in the tail of the pancreas. The postoperative course was uneventful. Differentiating ECIPAS from (pre)malignant cystic pancreatic neoplasms based on clinical and radiological features remains difficult. When typical radiological signs can be combined with scintigraphy using Technetium-99m labelled colloid or Technetium-99m labelled erythrocytes, which can identify the solid component of the lesion as splenic tissue, it should be possible to make the right diagnosis noninvasively. When pancreatectomy is inevitable due to symptoms or patient preference, minimally invasive laparoscopic or robot-assisted spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy should be considered. PMID:27847657

REPORT FOR COMMERCIAL GRADE NICKEL CHARACTERIZATION AND BENCHMARKING

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2012-12-20

Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), under the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) contract, has completed the collection, sample analysis, and review of analytical results to benchmark the concentrations of gross alpha-emitting radionuclides, gross beta-emitting radionuclides, and technetium-99 in commercial grade nickel. This report presents methods, change management, observations, and statistical analysis of materials procured from sellers representing nine countries on four continents. The data suggest there is a low probability of detecting alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides in commercial nickel. Technetium-99 was not detected in any samples, thus suggesting it is not present in commercial nickel.

Biodistribution of 99mTc-MAA on SPECT/CT performed for 90Y radioembolization therapy planning: a pictorial review.

PubMed

Bailey, J J; Dewaraja, Y; Hubers, D; Srinivasa, R N; Frey, K A

2017-10-01

To evaluate the frequency of 99mTc-MAA uptake in extrahepatic organs during 90Y radioembolization therapy planning. This retrospective case series of 70 subjects who underwent 99mTc-MAA hepatic artery perfusion studies between January 2014 and July 2016 for 90Y radioembolization therapy planning at our institution involved direct image review for all subjects, with endpoints recorded: lung shunt fraction, extrahepatic radiotracer uptake, time from MAA injection to imaging. Combined planar and SPECT/CT imaging findings in the 70 subjects demonstrated lung shunt fraction measurements of less than 10% in 53 (76%) subjects and greater than 10% in 17 (24%) subjects. All patients demonstrated renal cortical uptake, 23 (33%) demonstrated salivary gland uptake, 23 (33%) demonstrated thyroid uptake, and 32 (46%) demonstrated gastric mucosal uptake, with significant overlap between these groups. The range of elapsed times between MAA injection and initial imaging was 41-138 min, with a mean of 92 min. There was no correlation between time to imaging and the presence of extrahepatic radiotracer uptake at any site. During hepatic artery perfusion scanning for 90Y radioembolization therapy planning, extrahepatic uptake is common, particularly in the kidney, salivary gland, thyroid and gastric mucosa, and is hypothesized to result from breakdown of 99mTc-MAA over time. Given the breakdown to smaller aggregates and ultimately pertechnetate, this should not be a contraindication to actual Y-90 microsphere therapy. Although we found no correlation between time to imaging and extrahepatic uptake, most of our injection to imaging times were relatively short.

Radiopharmaceutical considerations for using Tc-99m MAA in lung transplant patients.

PubMed

Ponto, James A

2010-01-01

To elucidate radiopharmaceutical considerations for using technetium Tc-99m albumin aggregated (Tc-99m MAA) in lung transplant patients and to establish an appropriate routine dose and preparation procedure. Tertiary care academic hospital during May 2007 to May 2009. Nuclear pharmacist working in nuclear medicine department. Radiopharmaceutical considerations deemed important for the use of Tc-99m MAA in lung transplant patients included radioactivity dose, particulate dose, rate of the radiolabeling reaction (preparation time), and final radiochemical purity. Evaluation of our initial 12-month experience, published literature, and professional practice guidelines provided the basis for establishing an appropriate dose and preparation procedure of Tc-99m MAA for use in lung transplant patients. Radiochemical purity at typical incubation times and image quality in subsequent lung transplant patients imaged during the next 12 months. Based on considerations of radioactivity dose, particulate dose, rate of the radiolabeling reaction (preparation time), and final radiochemical purity, a routine dose consisting of 3 mCi (111 MBq) and 100,000 particles of Tc-99m MAA for planar perfusion lung imaging of adult lung transplant patients was established as reasonable and appropriate. MAA kits were prepared with a more reasonable amount of Tc-99m and yielded high radiochemical purity values in typical incubation times. Images have continued to be of high diagnostic quality. Tc-99m MAA used for lung transplant imaging can be readily prepared with high radiochemical purity to provide a dose of 3 mCi (111 GBq)/100,000 particles, which provides images of high diagnostic quality.

Synthesis and evaluation of novel Tc-99m labeled NGR-containing hexapeptides as tumor imaging agents.

PubMed

Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

2015-02-01

Asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR)-containing peptides targeting aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 can be an excellent candidate for targeting ligands in molecular tumor imaging. In this study, we developed two NGR-containing hexapeptides, and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m labeled hexapeptides as molecular imaging agents in an HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing murine model. Peptides were synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiochemical purity of Tc-99m was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. The uptake of two NGR-containing hexapeptides within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice, gamma images were acquired. A biodistribution study was performed to calculate percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g). Two hexapeptides, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-NGR and NGR-ECG were successfully synthesized. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, the complexes Tc-99m hexapeptides were prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-NGR within the tumor cells had been assured by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-NGR was accumulated substantially in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor. However, Tc-99m NGR-ECG was accumulated minimally in the tumor. Two NGR-containing hexapeptides, ECG-NGR and NGR-ECG were developed as molecular imaging agents to target APN/CD13 in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma. Tc-99m ECG-NGR showed a significant uptake in the tumor, and it is a good candidate for tumor imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Tc-99m Glu-Cys-Gly-His-Gly-Lys (ECG-HGK), a novel Tc-99m labeled hexapeptide for molecular tumor imaging.

PubMed

Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

2016-03-01

Domain 5 of kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen inhibits the adhesion of many tumor cell lines, and it has been reported that the histidine-glycine-lysine (HGK)-rich region might be responsible for inhibition of cell adhesion. The authors developed HGK-containing hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-HGK, and evaluated the utility of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Hexapeptide, ECG-HGK was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 tumor-bearing mice, gamma imaging and biodistribution studies were performed. The complexes Tc-99m ECG-HGK was prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within the HT-1080 tumor cells had been demonstrated by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-HGK was accumulated substantially in the HT-1080 tumor (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 5.7 ± 1.4 at 4 h), and the tumoral uptake was blocked by the co-injection of excess HGK (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 2.8 ± 0.6 at 4 h). In the present study, Tc-99m ECG-HGK was developed as a new tumor imaging agents. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed specific function of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Thyroid uptake of (/sup 99m/Tc) pertechnetate during in vivo RBC labeling: incidental diagnosis of hypothyroidism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holmes, K.A.; Ponto, J.A.

1981-09-01

Increased thyroid activity was incidentally observed during an in vivo labeled Tc-99m blood pool scan and subsequent evaluation resulted in a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Alternate explanations of abnormal thyroid uptake on in vivo labeled blood pool scans were considered and are discussed briefly.

99mTc-labelled HYNIC-minigastrin with reduced kidney uptake for targeting of CCK-2 receptor-positive tumours.

PubMed

von Guggenberg, E; Dietrich, H; Skvortsova, I; Gabriel, M; Virgolini, I J; Decristoforo, C

2007-08-01

Different attempts have been made to develop a suitable radioligand for targeting CCK-2 receptors in vivo, for staging of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and other receptor-expressing tumours. After initial successful clinical studies with [DTPA(0),D: Glu(1)]minigastrin (DTPA-MG0) radiolabelled with (111)In and (90)Y, our group developed a (99m)Tc-labelled radioligand, based on HYNIC-MG0. A major drawback observed with these derivatives is their high uptake by the kidneys. In this study we describe the preclinical evaluation of the optimised shortened peptide analogue, [HYNIC(0),D: Glu(1),desGlu(2-6)]minigastrin (HYNIC-MG11). (99m)Tc labelling of HYNIC-MG11 was performed using tricine and EDDA as coligands. Stability experiments were carried out by reversed phase HPLC analysis in PBS, PBS/cysteine and plasma as well as rat liver and kidney homogenates. Receptor binding and cell uptake experiments were performed using AR4-2J rat pancreatic tumour cells. Animal biodistribution was studied in AR4-2J tumour-bearing nude mice. Radiolabelling was performed at high specific activities and radiochemical purity was >90%. (99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-MG11 showed high affinity for the CCK-2 receptor and cell internalisation comparable to that of (99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-MG0. Despite high stability in solution, a low metabolic stability in rat tissue homogenates was found. In a nude mouse tumour model, very low unspecific retention in most organs, rapid renal excretion with reduced renal retention and high tumour uptake were observed. (99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-MG11 shows advantages over (99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-MG0 in terms of lower kidney retention with unchanged uptake in tumours and CCK-2 receptor-positive tissue. However, the lower metabolic stability and impurities formed in the labelling process still leave room for further improvement.

Evaluation of meniscus tears of the knee by radionuclide imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marymont, J.V.; Lynch, M.A.; Henning, C.E.

We compare the accuracy of radionuclide imaging of the knee with Tc99m-pyrophosphate with arthrography for the evaluation of meniscus tears in young athletes with clinically suspected knee injury. All patients had arthroscopy which was used as the standard against which the other two diagnostic procedures were compared. Radionuclide scintigraphy and arthrography were comparable in their ability to detect tears of the medial meniscus. Scintigraphy was superior for the detection of tears of the lateral meniscus and of both menisci.

Reduce, reuse and recycle: a green solution to Canada's medical isotope shortage.

PubMed

Galea, R; Ross, C; Wells, R G

2014-05-01

Due to the unforeseen maintenance issues at the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor at Chalk River and coincidental shutdowns of other international reactors, a global shortage of medical isotopes (in particular technetium-99m, Tc-99m) occurred in 2009. The operation of these research reactors is expensive, their age creates concerns about their continued maintenance and the process results in a large amount of long-lived nuclear waste, whose storage cost has been subsidized by governments. While the NRU has since revived its operations, it is scheduled to cease isotope production in 2016. The Canadian government created the Non-reactor based medical Isotope Supply Program (NISP) to promote research into alternative methods for producing medical isotopes. The NRC was a member of a collaboration looking into the use of electron linear accelerators (LINAC) to produce molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), the parent isotope of Tc-99m. This paper outlines NRC's involvement in every step of this process, from the production, chemical processing, recycling and preliminary animal studies to demonstrate the equivalence of LINAC Tc-99m with the existing supply. This process stems from reusing an old idea, reduces the nuclear waste to virtually zero and recycles material to create a green solution to Canada's medical isotope shortage. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

SPECT measurements with /sup 99m/Tc-HM-PAO in focal epilepsy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ryding, E.; Rosen, I.; Elmqvist, D.

1988-12-01

The ability of SPECT measurements with (/sup 99m/Tc)-HM-PAO (Ceretec) to find the location of the epileptic focus was studied in patients under consideration for neurosurgical treatment for therapy-resistant focal epilepsy. The location of low (/sup 99m/Tc)-HM-PAO uptake regions found at interictal measurements, and of high (/sup 99m/Tc)-HM-PAO uptake regions found at ictal measurements, was compared to the findings of extensive ictal and interictal EEG examinations, and to the results of CT and MRT. While EEG revealed focal epileptic activity in all of the 14 patients, SPECT showed regional abnormalities in 13 (93%). CT and MRT showed abnormal findings in 30%.

Tc-99m Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate (HMDP) Renal Uptake as a Surrogate Marker of Postoperative Impairment of the Glomerular Filtration Rate in Renal Tumor Patients Following Nephron-Sparing Surgery.

PubMed

Choi, Hongyoon; Lee, Won Woo; So, Young; Ha, Seunggyun; Byun, Seok-Soo; Kim, Sang Eun

2014-12-01

We investigated Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) scintigraphy findings in renal tumor patients from the perspective of postoperative renal dysfunction following nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). Forty-three renal tumor patients (M:F = 28:15, age 53.9 ± 12.5 years) who had undergone Tc-99m HMDP scintigraphy after NSS were enrolled. The patients were divided into HMDP(+) or HMDP(-) groups by visual assessment, and the asymmetric index (ASI) was calculated using a region-of-interest analysis. In 16 patients, the total and split glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was assessed using Tc-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) scintigraphy at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post-NSS. High Tc-99m HMDP uptake was observed in the operated kidneys, but this did not persist later than 7 days post-NSS. Split GFR of the operated kidneys at baseline (58.5 ± 9.3 ml/min) was significantly reduced at 6 months post-NSS (40.1 ± 5.9 ml/min, p < 0.001) in only those who showed intense uptake of Tc-99m HMDP. Declines in both total GFR (p = 0.010 and p = 0.002 for 3 and 6 months, respectively) and split GFR of the operated kidneys (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 for 3 and 6 months, respectively) were clearly evidenced at 3 and 6 months post-NSS only in patients with high Tc-99m HMDP in the operated kidneys. The ASI was negatively correlated with %change in the split GFR of these operated kidneys at 6 months post-NSS (rho =-0.578, p = 0.0304). Tc-99m HMDP uptake within 1 week following NSS is a surrogate marker of GFR impairment over 6 months post-NSS.

Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

DOE PAGES

Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong Sang; Um, Wooyong; ...

2018-03-02

Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2∙2H 2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. Here, we postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Finally,more » additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong

Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO2∙2H2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with hexavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Additional studies are neededmore » to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from glass melt.« less

Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong Sang; Um, Wooyong

Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2∙2H 2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. Here, we postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Finally,more » additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong

© 2018 Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2 ∙2H 2 O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generallymore » accepted idea. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

DOE PAGES

Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong; ...

2018-05-01

© 2018 Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2 ∙2H 2 O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generallymore » accepted idea. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

A technetium-labeled monoclonal antibody for imaging metastatic melanoma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frytak, S.; Creagan, E.T.; Brown, M.L.

1991-04-01

Twenty patients with histologically proven metastatic melanoma were scanned with a 99mtechnetium ({sup 99}mTc)-labeled melanoma antibody to determine the detection rate of known malignant lesions and to evaluate the antibody's ability to discover occult metastases. Isotope localization in different organs was as follows: liver 100%, bone 100%, subcutaneous lesions 80%, lymph nodes 54%, and lung 33%. Four unsuspected bone lesions and 16 occult subcutaneous lesions were found. False positive lesions were noted in two instances--one benign thyroid adenoma, and one arthritic bone lesion. One patient developed an atypical serum sickness reaction with a rash and arthralgias that responded rapidly tomore » treatment. The {sup 99}mTc antimelanoma antibody is a safe and effective method to detect metastatic melanoma. It has potential use for screening newly diagnosed melanomas that carry an increased risk of recurrence.« less

Comparison of (99m)Tc-labeled PR81 and its F(ab')₂ fragments as radioimmunoscintigraphy agents for breast cancer imaging.

PubMed

Salouti, Mojtaba; Babaei, Mohammad Hossein; Rajabi, Hossein; Foroutan, Haleh; Rasaee, Mohammad Javad; Rajabi, Ahmad Bitarafan; Mohammadnejad, Javad; Shafiee, Mohammad; Mazidi, Mohammad; Daha, Fariba Johari

2011-02-01

We digested anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody PR81 to produce F(ab')₂ fragments. A comparison was performed between the two radiolabeled PR81 and F(ab')₂ fragments for breast tumor imaging in a mouse model. The optimum conditions for pepsin digestion of PR81 were investigated in terms of enzymes: antibody ratio, digestion time duration and preserved immunoreactivity of the produced fragments. The F(ab')₂ fragments were labeled with Technetium-99m using HYNIC as a chelator and tricine as a co-ligand. The immunoreactivity of the complexes was assessed by radioimmunoassay using MCF7 cells. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in female BALB/c mice with breast tumor xenograft at 4, 8 and 24 h post-administration. The PR81 was labeled with technetium-99m in the same way for comparison. The optimum time duration for PR81 digestion was found to be 28 h at an enzyme:antibody weight ratio of 1:20 that resulted in 95.2 ± 4.7% purity. The labeling of intact PR81 and its F(ab')₂ fragments were 87.6 ± 4.2 and 76.1 ± 3.3% after 1 h, respectively (p value <0.05). The percentage of immunoreactivity of F(ab')₂ fragments and intact PR81 were 75.4 ± 2.1% and 85.7 ± 2.9%, respectively (p value <0.05). The biodistribution and imaging studies demonstrated localization of the fragments at 4 h post-administration with high sensitivity and specificity. The results showed that F(ab')₂ fragment of PR81 is more suitable than intact PR81 for safer and more rapid detection of human breast cancer.

Investigating the pharmacodynamic and magnetic properties of pyrophosphate-bridged coordination complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikotun, Oluwatayo (Tayo) F.

The multidentate nature of pyrophosphate makes it an attractive ligand for complexation of metal cations. The participation of pyrophosphate in a variety of biological pathways and its metal catalyzed hydrolysis has driven our investigation into its coordination chemistry. We have successfully synthesized a library of binuclear pyrophosphate bridge coordination complexes. The problem of pyrophosphate hydrolysis to phosphate in the presence of divalent metal ions was overcome by incorporating capping ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-bipyridine prior to the addition of the pyrophosphate. The magnetic properties of these complexes was investigated and magneto-structural analysis was conducted. The biological abundance of pyrophosphate and the success of metal based drugs such as cisplatin, prompted our investigation of the cytotoxic properties of M(II) pyrophosphate dimeric complexes (where M(II) is CoII, CuII, and NiII) in adriamycin resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Thess compounds were found to exhibit toxicity in the nanomolar to picomolar range. We conducted in vitro stability studies and the mechanism of cytoxicity was elucidated by performing DNA mobility and binding assays, enzyme inhibition assays, and in vitro oxidative stress studies.

In Situ Quantification of [Re(CO)3]+ by Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Simulated Hanford Tank Waste.

PubMed

Branch, Shirmir D; French, Amanda D; Lines, Amanda M; Rapko, Brian M; Heineman, William R; Bryan, Samuel A

2018-02-06

A pretreatment protocol is presented that allows for the quantitative conversion and subsequent in situ spectroscopic analysis of [Re(CO) 3 ] + species in simulated Hanford tank waste. In this test case, the nonradioactive metal rhenium is substituted for technetium (Tc-99), a weak beta emitter, to demonstrate proof of concept for a method to measure a nonpertechnetate form of technetium in Hanford tank waste. The protocol encompasses adding a simulated waste sample containing the nonemissive [Re(CO) 3 ] + species to a developer solution that enables the rapid, quantitative conversion of the nonemissive species to a luminescent species which can then be detected spectroscopically. The [Re(CO) 3 ] + species concentration in an alkaline, simulated Hanford tank waste supernatant can be quantified by the standard addition method. In a test case, the [Re(CO) 3 ] + species was measured to be at a concentration of 38.9 μM, which was a difference of 2.01% from the actual concentration of 39.7 μM.

99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in management of patients with head and neck somatostatin receptor positive tumors.

PubMed

Trogrlic, Mate; Tezak, Stanko

2016-01-01

Aim of this study was to determine the value of technetium-99m-hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide (99mTc-ED-DA/HYNIC-TOC) in patients with somatostatin receptor (SSR) positive tumors of head and neck region. A total number of 16 patients were enrolled in this study. Planar whole body (WB) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were acquired at 2 and 4 hours after the injection of approximately 670 MBq of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. Additional single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images of the head and neck region were acquired at 4h post tracer injection. Clinical and imaging follow up were taken as the reference standard. There were 10 female and 6 male patients of age 57.7 ± 12.9 years (58.5; 32-78) years. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) was TP in 13 patients, TN in two and FP in one. Follow up period for SRS was 31.1 ± 19.4 (29; 2-63) months. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy provided additional information in 50% of patients, with impact on patient management in the same percentage of patients. Distant metastases were found in nine out of 16 patients (56%). 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SRS had sensitivity of 100% (75.3-100%), specificity of 66.7% (9.4-99.2%), accuracy of 93.7%, positive predictive value of 92.9% (66.1-99.8%), and negative predictive value of 100% (15.8-100%). Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is very useful imaging method in the evalu-ation of patients with SSR positive tumors of head and neck region.

Insufficiency fractures of the distal tibia misdiagnosed as cellulitis in three patients with rheumatoid arthritis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Straaton, K.V.; Lopez-Mendez, A.; Alarcon, G.S.

We describe 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with diffuse pain, swelling, and erythema of the distal aspect of the lower extremity, suggestive of either cellulitis or thrombophlebitis, but were found to have insufficiency fractures of the distal tibia. The value of technetium-99m diphosphonate bone scintigraphy in the early recognition of these fractures and a possible explanation for the associated inflammatory symptoms are discussed.

Pulmonary deposition and disappearance of aerosolised secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor.

PubMed Central

Stolk, J.; Camps, J.; Feitsma, H. I.; Hermans, J.; Dijkman, J. H.; Pauwels, E. K.

1995-01-01

BACKGROUND--The neutrophil elastase inhibitor, secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), is a potential therapeutic tool in inflammatory lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and pulmonary emphysema. The distribution and disappearance in the lung of aerosolised recombinant SLPI (rSLPI) was investigated in healthy humans and in patients with cystic fibrosis or alpha 1-antitrypsin-associated emphysema. METHODS--To distinguish aerosolised rSLPI from endogenous SLPI the recombinant inhibitor was radiolabelled with 99m-technetium (99mTc) pertechnetate. Distribution and disappearance of aerosolised 99mTc-rSLPI in the lungs were studied by gamma radiation imaging. RESULTS--The deposition of 99mTc-rSLPI in normal volunteers was homogeneous in all lung lobes, while in patients with cystic fibrosis or emphysema only well ventilated areas showed deposition of the aerosol. The disappearance rate of 99mTc-rSLPI was biexponential. The half life of the rapid phase was 0.2-2.8 hours, while that of the slow phase was more than 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS--Future aerosol therapy with rSLPI will be most beneficial for well ventilated lung tissue that needs protection against neutrophil derived elastase. It may be more difficult to neutralise the burden of elastase in poorly ventilated, highly inflamed areas as are seen in cystic fibrosis. Images PMID:7638807

Dissolution of spent nuclear fuel in carbonate-peroxide solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soderquist, Chuck; Hanson, Brady

2010-01-01

This study shows that spent UO2 fuel can be completely dissolved in a room temperature carbonate-peroxide solution apparently without attacking the metallic Mo-Tc-Ru-Rh-Pd fission product phase. In parallel tests, identical samples of spent nuclear fuel were dissolved in nitric acid and in an ammonium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide solution. The resulting solutions were analyzed for strontium-90, technetium-99, cesium-137, europium-154, plutonium, and americium-241. The results were identical for all analytes except technetium, where the carbonate-peroxide dissolution had only about 25% of the technetium that the nitric acid dissolution had.

Impact of Indocyanine Green for Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Early Stage Endometrial and Cervical Cancer: Comparison with Conventional Radiotracer (99m)Tc and/or Blue Dye.

PubMed

Buda, Alessandro; Crivellaro, Cinzia; Elisei, Federica; Di Martino, Giampaolo; Guerra, Luca; De Ponti, Elena; Cuzzocrea, Marco; Giuliani, Daniela; Sina, Federica; Magni, Sonia; Landoni, Claudio; Milani, Rodolfo

2016-07-01

To compare the detection rate (DR) and bilateral optimal mapping (OM) of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in women with endometrial and cervical cancer using indocyanine green (ICG) versus the standard technetium-99m radiocolloid ((99m)Tc) radiotracer plus methylene or isosulfan blue, or blue dye alone. From October 2010 to May 2015, 163 women with stage I endometrial or cervical cancer (118 endometrial and 45 cervical cancer) underwent SLN mapping with (99m)Tc with blue dye, blue dye alone, or ICG. DR and bilateral OM of ICG were compared respectively with the results obtained using the standard (99m)Tc radiotracer with blue dye, or blue dye alone. SLN mapping with (99m)Tc radiotracer with blue dye was performed on 77 of 163 women, 38 with blue dye only and 48 with ICG. The overall DR of SLN mapping was 97, 89, and 100 % for (99m)Tc with blue dye, blue dye alone, and ICG, respectively. The bilateral OM rate for ICG was 85 %-significantly higher than the 58 % obtained with (99m)Tc with blue dye (p = 0.003) and the 54 % for blue dye (p = 0.001). Thirty-one women (19 %) had positive SLNs. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of SLN were 100 % for all techniques. SLNs mapping using ICG demonstrated higher DR compared to other modalities. In addition, ICG was significantly superior to (99m)Tc with blue dye in terms of bilateral OM in women with early stage endometrial and cervical cancer. The higher number of bilateral OM may consequently reduce the overall number of complete lymphadenectomies, reducing the duration and additional costs of surgical treatment.

Ion Exchange Column Tests Supporting Technetium Removal Resin Maturation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nash, C.; McCabe, D.; Hamm, L.

2013-12-20

The primary treatment of the tank waste at the DOE Hanford site will be done in the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant, currently under construction. The baseline plan for this facility is to treat the waste, splitting it into High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW). Both waste streams are then separately vitrified as glass and sealed in canisters. The LAW glass will be disposed on site. There are currently no plans to treat the waste to remove technetium, so its disposition path is the LAW glass. Due to the soluble properties of pertechnetate and long half-life ofmore » 99Tc, effective management of 99Tc is important. Options are being explored to immobilize the supplemental LAW portion of the tank waste, as well as to examine the volatility of 99Tc during the vitrification process. Removal of 99Tc, followed by off-site disposal has potential to reduce treatment and disposal costs. A conceptual flow sheets for supplemental LAW treatment and disposal that could benefit from technetium removal will specifically examine removing 99Tc from the LAW feed stream to supplemental immobilization. SuperLig® 639 is an elutable ion exchange resin. In the tank waste, 99Tc is predominantly found in the tank supernate as pertechnetate (TcO 4 -). Perrhenate (ReO 4 -) has been shown to be a good non-radioactive surrogate for pertechnetate in laboratory testing for this ion exchange resin. This report contains results of experimental ion exchange distribution coefficient and column resin maturation kinetics testing using the resin SuperLig® 639a to selectively remove perrhenate from simulated LAW. This revision includes results from testing to determine effective resin operating temperature range. Loading tests were performed at 45°C, and the computer modeling was updated to include the temperature effects. Equilibrium contact testing indicated that this batch of SuperLig® 639 resin has good performance, with an average perrhenate distribution coefficient of 291 mL/g at a 100:1 phase ratio. This slightly exceeds the computer-modeled equilibrium distribution. The modeling agreed well with the experimental data for perrhenate removal with minor adjustments. Predicted breakthrough performance was on average within about 20% of measured values.« less

Effects of amino acids on melanoma targeting and clearance properties of Tc-99m-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides.

PubMed

Flook, Adam M; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

2013-11-14

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acids on melanoma targeting and clearance properties of new (99m)Tc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RSD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH {c[Arg-Ser-Asp-DTyr-Asp]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2}, RNleD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH, RPheD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH, and RdPheD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-RSD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH, (99m)Tc-RFD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH, and (99m)Tc-RfD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The substitution of Gly with Ser, Phe, and dPhe increased the MC1 receptor binding affinities of the peptides, whereas the substitution of Gly with Nle decreased the MC1 receptor binding affinity of the peptide. (99m)Tc-RSD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (18.01 ± 4.22% ID/g) and the lowest kidney and liver uptake among these (99m)Tc-peptides. The B16/F1 melanoma lesions could be clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc-RSD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH as an imaging probe. It is desirable to reduce the renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RSD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH to facilitate its potential therapeutic application.

(99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy in evaluation of active Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).

PubMed

Sun, Hua; Jiang, Xu-Feng; Wang, Shu; Chen, Hao-Yan; Sun, Jiao; Li, Pei-Yong; Ning, Guang; Zhao, Yong-Ju

2007-06-01

A promising radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC ((99m)Tc-HYNIC-Octreotide) can be applied for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with the potential to replace Indium-111 labeled somatostatin analogus. Here we evaluate whether orbital (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy can be used as a Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) activity parameter to predict the retrobulbar irradiation response. Orbital (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy was performed on 14 consecutive patients demonstrating moderated to severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. The patients were treated with retrobulbar irradiation following the octreoscan and the response to this therapy was assessed at 3 months after the start of treatment. The orbital (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC uptake was calculated to assess the effects of treatment. Among the 14 GO patients, eight (57.1%) responded to retrobulbar radiotherapy; six (42.9%) showed no change. We compared the eight responders and six non-responders in terms of orbital (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC uptake, using the orbital/occipital ratio. On the 4-h (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy, responders had a higher orbital/occipital uptake ratio than the no-responders (P = 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the orbital/occipital ratio and the clinical activity score (CAS) (P = 0.034). The Receiving-Operator-Characteristic curve showed the best threshold for discriminating active and inactive disease was 1.40 (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 83.3%). In the responders group, all these eight patients had positive scintigraphy. While there were five patients who had negative scintigraphy in the non-responders group. Orbital (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy can be a useful method for the estimation of disease activity and prediction the response to subsequent radiotherapy in GO patient. And the patients with positive octreoscan were more likely to respond to irradiation.

Effects of Amino Acids on Melanoma Targeting and Clearance Properties of Tc-99m-Labeled Arg-X-Asp-Conjugated α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptides

PubMed Central

Flook, Adam M.; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acids on melanoma targeting and clearance properties of new 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH {c[Arg-Ser-Asp-dTyr-Asp]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2}, RNleD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH, RPheD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and RdPheD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH peptides were synthesized and evaluated for their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of 99mTc-RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH, 99mTc-RFD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RfD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The substitution of Gly with Ser, Phe and dPhe increased the MC1 receptor binding affinities of the peptides, whereas the substitution of Gly with Nle decreased the MC1 receptor binding affinity of the peptide. 99mTc-RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (18.01 ± 4.22% ID/g) and the lowest kidney and liver uptake among these 99mTc-peptides. The B16/F1 melanoma lesions could be clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99mTc-RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH as an imaging probe. It is desirable to reduce the renal uptake of 99mTc-RSD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH to facilitate its potential therapeutic application. PMID:24131154

99mTc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP peptide for MCF-7 breast tumor targeting and imaging.

PubMed

Ahmadpour, Sajjad; Noaparast, Zohreh; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal

2018-02-19

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. Development of novel tumor-specific radiopharmaceuticals for early breast tumor diagnosis is highly desirable. In this study we developed 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-Lys-FROP peptide with the ability of specific binding to MCF-7 breast tumor. The FROP-1 peptide was conjugated with the bifunctional chelator hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) and labeled with 99m Tc using tricine/EDDA co-ligand. The cellular specific binding of 99m Tc-HYNIC-FROP was evaluated on different cell lines as well as with blocking experiment on MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma). The tumor targeting and imaging of this labeled peptide were performed on MCF-7 tumor bearing mice. Radiochemical purity for 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP was 99% which was determined with ITLC method. This radiolabeled peptide showed high stability in normal saline and serum about 98% which was monitored with HPLC method. In saturation binding experiments, the binding constant (K d ) to MCF-7 cells was determined to be 158 nM. Biodistribution results revealed that the 99m Tc-HYNIC-FROP was mainly exerted from urinary route. The maximum tumor uptake was found after 30 min post injection (p.i.); however maximum tumor/muscle ratio was seen at 15 min p.i. The tumor uptake of this labeled peptide was specific and blocked by co-injection of excess FROP. According to the planar gamma imaging result, tumor was clearly visible due to the tumor uptake of 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP in mouse after 15 min p.i. The 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP is considered a promising probe with high specific binding to MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Understanding the in vivo uptake kinetics of a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding agent (99m)Tc-Duramycin.

PubMed

Audi, Said; Li, Zhixin; Capacete, Joseph; Liu, Yu; Fang, Wei; Shu, Laura G; Zhao, Ming

2012-08-01

(99m)Tc-Duramycin is a peptide-based molecular probe that binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The goal was to characterize the kinetics of molecular interactions between (99m)Tc-Duramycin and the target tissue. High level of accessible PE is induced in cardiac tissues by myocardial ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Target binding and biodistribution of (99m)Tc-duramycin were captured using SPECT/CT. To quantify the binding kinetics, the presence of radioactivity in ischemic versus normal cardiac tissues was measured by gamma counting at 3, 10, 20, 60 and 180 min after injection. A partially inactivated form of (99m)Tc-Duramycin was analyzed in the same fashion. A compartment model was developed to quantify the uptake kinetics of (99m)Tc-Duramycin in normal and ischemic myocardial tissue. (99m)Tc-duramycin binds avidly to the damaged tissue with a high target-to-background radio. Compartment modeling shows that accessibility of binding sites in myocardial tissue to (99m)Tc-Duramycin is not a limiting factor and the rate constant of target binding in the target tissue is at 2.2 ml/nmol/min/g. The number of available binding sites for (99m)Tc-Duramycin in ischemic myocardium was estimated at 0.14 nmol/g. Covalent modification of D15 resulted in a 9-fold reduction in binding affinity. (99m)Tc-Duramycin accumulates avidly in target tissues in a PE-dependent fashion. Model results reflect an efficient uptake mechanism, consistent with the low molecular weight of the radiopharmaceutical and the relatively high density of available binding sites. These data help better define the imaging utilities of (99m)Tc-Duramycin as a novel PE-binding agent. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Stimulation of inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration by cultured cartilage and chondrocytes.

PubMed

Ryan, L M; Kurup, I; Rosenthal, A K; McCarty, D J

1989-08-01

Inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration by articular cartilage may favor calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition. Frequently crystal deposits form in persons affected with metabolic diseases. The cartilage organ culture system was used to model these metabolic conditions while measuring the influence on extracellular pyrophosphate elaboration. Alterations of ambient pH, thyroid stimulating hormone levels, and parathyroid hormone levels did not change pyrophosphate accumulation in the media. However, subphysiologic ambient calcium concentrations (25, 100, 500 microM) increased pyrophosphate accumulation about chondrocytes 3- to 10-fold. Low calcium also induced release of [14C]adenine-labeled nucleotides from chondrocytes, potential substrates for generation of extracellular pyrophosphate by ectoenzymes. Exposing cartilage to 10% fetal bovine serum also enhanced by 50% the egress of inorganic pyrophosphate from the tissue.

Molybdenum target specifications for cyclotron production of 99mTc based on patient dose estimates.

PubMed

Hou, X; Tanguay, J; Buckley, K; Schaffer, P; Bénard, F; Ruth, T J; Celler, A

2016-01-21

In response to the recognized fragility of reactor-produced (99)Mo supply, direct production of (99m)Tc via (100)Mo(p,2n)(99m)Tc reaction using medical cyclotrons has been investigated. However, due to the existence of other Molybdenum (Mo) isotopes in the target, in parallel with (99m)Tc, other technetium (Tc) radioactive isotopes (impurities) will be produced. They will be incorporated into the labeled radiopharmaceuticals and result in increased patient dose. The isotopic composition of the target and beam energy are main factors that determine production of impurities, thus also dose increases. Therefore, they both must be considered when selecting targets for clinical (99m)Tc production. Although for any given Mo target, the patient dose can be predicted based on complicated calculations of production yields for each Tc radioisotope, it would be very difficult to reverse these calculations to specify target composition based on dosimetry considerations. In this article, a relationship between patient dosimetry and Mo target composition is studied. A simple and easy algorithm for dose estimation, based solely on the knowledge of target composition and beam energy, is described. Using this algorithm, the patient dose increase due to every Mo isotope that could be present in the target is estimated. Most importantly, a technique to determine Mo target composition thresholds that would meet any given dosimetry requirement is proposed.

Molybdenum target specifications for cyclotron production of 99mTc based on patient dose estimates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, X.; Tanguay, J.; Buckley, K.; Schaffer, P.; Bénard, F.; Ruth, T. J.; Celler, A.

2016-01-01

In response to the recognized fragility of reactor-produced 99Mo supply, direct production of 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction using medical cyclotrons has been investigated. However, due to the existence of other Molybdenum (Mo) isotopes in the target, in parallel with 99mTc, other technetium (Tc) radioactive isotopes (impurities) will be produced. They will be incorporated into the labeled radiopharmaceuticals and result in increased patient dose. The isotopic composition of the target and beam energy are main factors that determine production of impurities, thus also dose increases. Therefore, they both must be considered when selecting targets for clinical 99mTc production. Although for any given Mo target, the patient dose can be predicted based on complicated calculations of production yields for each Tc radioisotope, it would be very difficult to reverse these calculations to specify target composition based on dosimetry considerations. In this article, a relationship between patient dosimetry and Mo target composition is studied. A simple and easy algorithm for dose estimation, based solely on the knowledge of target composition and beam energy, is described. Using this algorithm, the patient dose increase due to every Mo isotope that could be present in the target is estimated. Most importantly, a technique to determine Mo target composition thresholds that would meet any given dosimetry requirement is proposed.

Evaluation of [99mTc/EDDA/HYNIC0]octreotide derivatives compared with [111In-DOTA0,Tyr3, Thr8]octreotide and [111In-DTPA0]octreotide: does tumor or pancreas uptake correlate with the rate of internalization?

PubMed

Storch, Daniel; Béhé, Martin; Walter, Martin A; Chen, Jianhua; Powell, Pia; Mikolajczak, Renata; Mäcke, Helmut R

2005-09-01

Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs are important tools for the in vivo localization and targeted radionuclide therapy of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. The aim of this study was to compare 3 somatostatin analogs designed for the labeling with (99m)Tc (where HYNIC is 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid): 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid(0)-octreotide (HYNIC-OC/(99m)Tc-(1)), [HYNIC(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide (HYNIC-TOC/(99m)Tc-(2)), and [HYNIC(0),Tyr(3),Thr(8)]octreotide (HYNIC-TATE/(99m)Tc-(3)), using ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (EDDA) as a coligand. In addition, we compared the (99m)Tc-labeled peptides [(111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(0)]octreotide ([(111)In-DTPA]-OC) and [(111)In-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid(0),Tyr(3),Thr(8)]octreotide ([(111)In-DOTA]-TATE) with regard to the rate of internalization and the biodistribution in AR4-2J (expressing the somatostatin receptor subtype 2) tumor-bearing rats. The main attention was directed toward a potential correlation between the rate of internalization and the tumor or pancreas uptake. Synthesis was performed on solid phase using a standard Fmoc strategy. Internalization was studied in cell culture (AR4-2J) and biodistribution was studied using a Lewis rat tumor model (AR4-2J). The 5 radiopeptides showed a specific internalization into AR4-2J cells in culture (as shown by blocking experiments). The rate of internalization of the 5 radiopeptides differed significantly according to the following order: (99m)Tc-(1) approximately = [(111)In-DTPA]-OC < (99m)Tc-(2) < (99m)Tc-(3) approximately = [(111)In-DOTA]-TATE. All radiopeptides displayed a rapid blood clearance and a fast clearance from all somatostatin receptor-negative tissues predominantly via the kidneys. A receptor-specific uptake of radioactivity was observed for all compounds in somatostatin receptor-positive organs such as the pancreas, the adrenals, and the stomach. After 4 h, the uptake in the AR4-2J tumor was comparable for (99m)Tc-(2) (3.85 +/- 1.0 injected dose per gram tissue (%ID/g)), (99m)Tc-(3) (3.99 +/- 0.58%ID/g), and [(111)In-DOTA]-TATE (4.12 +/- 0.74%ID/g) but much lower for [(111)In-DTPA]-OC (0.99 +/- 0.08%ID/g) and (99m)Tc-(1) (0.70 +/- 0.13%ID/g). The specificity was determined by blocking experiments using a large excess of [Tyr(3)]octreotide. (99m)Tc-(3) displayed the highest tumor-to-kidney ratio (2.5:1), followed by (99m)Tc(2) (1.9:1) and [(111)In-DOTA]-TATE (1.7:1). These data show that the 5 radiopeptides are specific radioligands for the somatostatin receptor subtype 2. The rate of internalization correlates with the uptake in the tumor (R(2) = 0.75; P = 0.026) and pancreas (R(2) = 0.98; P = 7.4.10(-5)). [Tyr(3),Thr(8)]octreotide derivatives show superiority over the corresponding octreotide and [Tyr(3)]octreotide derivatives, indicating that [(111)In-DOTA]-TATE and [(99m)Tc/EDDA/HYNIC]-TATE are suitable candidates for clinical studies.

Imaging of irradiated liver with Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and Tc-99m-IDA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gelfand, M.J.; Saha, S.; Aron, B.S.

1981-09-01

In three cases, irradiated regions of liver failed to concentrate Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In two of these three, imaging with Tc-99m-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agents within five days showed near normal hepatic uptake of this hepatobiliary imaging agent. The hepatic parenchymal cells may be imaged with Tc-99m-IDA in some irradiated regions of liver, despite loss of reticuloendothelial cell function.

In vitro and in vivo comparison of binding of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26.

PubMed

Watanabe, N; Oriuchi, N; Sugiyama, S; Kuroki, M; Matsuoka, Y; Tanada, S; Murata, H; Inoue, T; Sasaki, Y

1999-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for radio-immunodetection (RAID) of murine anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) F33-104 labeled with technetium-99m (99m-Tc) by a reduction-mediated labeling method. The binding capacity of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA by means of in vitro procedures such as immunoradiometric assay and cell binding assay and the biodistribution of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 in normal nude mice and nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 tumor were investigated and compared with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26. The in vitro binding rate of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA in solution and attached to the cell membrane was significantly higher than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/261 (31.4 +/- 0.95% vs. 11.9 +/- 0.55% at 100 ng/mL of soluble CEA, 83.5 +/- 2.84% vs. 54.0 +/- 2.54% at 10(7) of LS 180 cells). In vivo, accumulation of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 was higher at 18 h postinjection than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26 (20.1 +/- 3.50% ID/g vs. 14.4 +/- 3.30% ID/g). 99m-Tc-activity in the kidneys of nude mice bearing tumor was higher at 18 h postinjection than at 3 h (12.8 +/- 2.10% ID/g vs. 8.01 +/- 2.40% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104, 10.7 +/- 1.70% ID/g vs. 8.10 +/- 1.75% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26). 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 is a potential novel agent for RAID of recurrent colorectal cancer.

Preclinical evaluation of isostructural Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-Gly-Gly-Cys-Glu for folate receptor-positive tumor targeting.

PubMed

Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Chang Guhn; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Dae-Weung; Park, Cho Rong; Park, Ji Yong; Lee, Yun-Sang; Youn, Hyewon; Kang, Keon Wook; Jeong, Jae Min; Chung, June-Key

2016-06-01

The purpose of the present study was to prepare isostructural Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-Gly-Gly-Cys-Glu (folate-GGCE), and to evaluate the feasibility of their use for folate receptor (FR)-targeted molecular imaging and as theranostic agents in a mouse tumor model. Folate-GGCE was synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis and radiolabeled with Tc-99m or Re-188. Radiochemical characterization was performed by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. The biodistribution of Tc-99m-folate-GGCE was studied, with or without co-injection of excess free folate, in mice bearing both FR-positive (KB cell) and FR-negative (HT1080 cell) tumors. Biodistribution of Re-188-folate-GGCE was studied in mice bearing KB tumors. Serial planar scintigraphy was performed in the dual tumor mouse model after intravenous injection of Tc-99m-folate-GGCE. Serial micro-single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies were performed, with or without co-injection of excess free folate, in the mouse tumor model after injection of Tc-99m-folate-GGCE or Re-188-folate-GGCE. The radiolabeling efficiency and radiochemical stability of Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-GGCE were more than 95 % for up to 4 h after radiolabeling. Uptake of Tc-99m-folate-GGCE at 1, 2, and 4 h after injection in KB tumor was 16.4, 23.2, and 17.6 % injected dose per gram (%ID/g), respectively. This uptake was suppressed by 97.4 % when excess free folate was co-administered. Tumor:normal organ ratios at 4 h for blood, liver, lung, muscle, and kidney were 54.3, 25.2, 38.3, 97.8, and 0.3, respectively. Tumor uptake of Re-188-folate-GGCE at 2, 4, 8, and 16 h after injection was 17.4, 21.7, 24.1, and 15.6 %ID/g, respectively. Tumor:normal organ ratios at 8 h for blood, liver, lung, muscle, and kidney were 126.8, 21.9, 54.8, 80.3, and 0.4, respectively. KB tumors were clearly visualized at a high intensity using serial scintigraphy and micro-SPECT/CT in mice injected with Tc-99m- or Re-188-folate-GGCE. The tumor uptake of these molecules was completely suppressed when excess free folate was co-administered. Isostructural Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-GGCE showed high and FR-specific uptake by tumors and generally favorable tumor:normal organ ratios. The tumor targeting capabilities of Tc-99m- and Re-188-folate-GGCE were clearly evident on serial imaging studies. This isostructural pair may have potential diagnostic and theranostic applications for FR-positive tumors.

The feasibility of imaging myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury using (99m)Tc-labeled duramycin in a porcine model.

PubMed

Wang, Lei; Wang, Feng; Fang, Wei; Johnson, Steven E; Audi, Said; Zimmer, Michael; Holly, Thomas A; Lee, Daniel C; Zhu, Bao; Zhu, Haibo; Zhao, Ming

2015-02-01

When pathologically externalized, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a potential surrogate marker for detecting tissue injuries. (99m)Tc-labeled duramycin is a peptide-based imaging agent that binds PE with high affinity and specificity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the clearance kinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled duramycin in a large animal model (normal pigs) and to assess its uptake in the heart using a pig model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The clearance and distribution of intravenously injected (99m)Tc-duramycin were characterized in sham-operated animals (n=5). In a closed chest model of myocardial ischemia, coronary occlusion was induced by balloon angioplasty (n=9). (99m)Tc-duramycin (10-15mCi) was injected intravenously at 1hour after reperfusion. SPECT/CT was acquired at 1 and 3hours after injection. Cardiac tissues were analyzed for changes associated with acute cellular injuries. Autoradiography and gamma counting were used to determine radioactivity uptake. For the remaining animals, (99m)Tc-tetrafosamin scan was performed on the second day to identify the infarct site. Intravenously injected (99m)Tc-duramycin cleared from circulation predominantly via the renal/urinary tract with an α-phase half-life of 3.6±0.3minutes and β-phase half-life of 179.9±64.7minutes. In control animals, the ratios between normal heart and lung were 1.76±0.21, 1.66±0.22, 1.50±0.20 and 1.75±0.31 at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3hours post-injection, respectively. The ratios between normal heart and liver were 0.88±0.13, 0.80±0.13, 0.82±0.19 and 0.88±0.14. In vivo visualization of focal radioactivity uptake in the ischemic heart was attainable as early as 30min post-injection. The in vivo ischemic-to-normal uptake ratios were 3.57±0.74 and 3.69±0.91 at 1 and 3hours post-injection, respectively. Ischemic-to-lung ratios were 4.89±0.85 and 4.93±0.57; and ischemic-to-liver ratios were 2.05±0.30 to 3.23±0.78. The size of (99m)Tc-duramycin positive myocardium was qualitatively larger than the infarct size delineated by the perfusion defect in (99m)Tc-tetrafosmin uptake. This was consistent with findings from tissue analysis and autoradiography. (99m)Tc-duramycin was demonstrated, in a large animal model, to have suitable clearance and biodistribution profiles for imaging. The agent has an avid target uptake and a fast background clearance. It is appropriate for imaging myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The feasibility of imaging myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury using 99mTc-labeled duramycin in a porcine model

PubMed Central

Wang, Lei; Wang, Feng; Fang, Wei; Johnson, Steven E.; Audi, Said; Zimmer, Michael; Holly, Thomas A; Lee, Daniel; Zhu, Bao; Zhu, Haibo; Zhao, Ming

2015-01-01

When pathologically externalized, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a potential surrogate marker for detecting tissue injuries. 99mTc-labeled duramycin is a peptide-based imaging agent that binds PE with high affinity and specificity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the clearance kinetics of 99mTc-labeled duramycin in a large animal model (normal pigs) and to assess its uptake in the heart using a pig model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods The clearance and distribution of intravenously injected 99mTc-duramycin were characterized in sham-operated animals (n = 5). In a closed chest model of myocardial ischemia, coronary occlusion was induced by balloon angioplasty (n = 9). 99mTc-duramycin (10-15 mCi) was injected intravenously at 1 hour after reperfusion. SPECT/CT was acquired at 1 and 3 hours after injection. Cardiac tissues were analyzed for changes associated with acute cellular injuries. Autoradiography and gamma counting was used to determine radioactivity uptake. For the remaining animals, 99mTc-tetrafosamin scan was performed on the second day to identify the infarct site. Results Intravenously injected 99mTc-duramycin cleared from circulation predominantly via the renal/urinary tract with an α-phase half-life of 3.6 ± 0.3 minutes and β-phase half-life of 179.9 ± 64.7 minutes. In control animals, the ratios between normal heart and lung were 1.76 ± 0.21, 1.66 ± 0.22, 1.50 ± 0.20 and 1.75 ± 0.31 at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours post injection, respectively. The ratios between normal heart and liver were 0.88 ± 0.13, 0.80 ± 0.13, 0.82 ± 0.19 and 0.88 ± 0.14. In vivo visualization of focal radioactivity uptake in the ischemic heart was attainable as early as 30 min post injection. The in vivo ischemic-to-normal uptake ratios were 3.57 ± 0.74 and 3.69 ± 0.91 at 1 and 3 hours post injection, respectively. Ischemic-to-lung ratios were 4.89 ± 0.85 and 4.93 ± 0.57; and ischemic-to-liver ratios were 2.05 ± 0.30 to 3.23 ± 0.78. The size of 99mTc-duramycin positive myocardium was qualitatively larger than the infarct size delineated by the perfusion defect in 99mTc-tetrafosmin uptake. This was consistent with findings from tissue analysis and autoradiography. Conclusion 99mTc-duramycin was demonstrated, in a large animal model, to have suitable clearance and biodistribution profiles for imaging. The agent has an avid target uptake and a fast background clearance. It is appropriate for imaging myocardial injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. PMID:25451214

Heightened Avidity for Trisodium Pyrophosphate in Mice Lacking Tas1r3

PubMed Central

Aleman, Tiffany R.; McCaughey, Stuart A.

2015-01-01

Laboratory rats and mice prefer some concentrations of tri- and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na3HP2O7 and Na4P2O7) to water, but how they detect pyrophosphates is unknown. Here, we assessed whether T1R3 is involved. We found that relative to wild-type littermate controls, Tas1r3 knockout mice had stronger preferences for 5.6–56mM Na3HP2O7 in 2-bottle choice tests, and they licked more 17.8–56mM Na3HP2O7 in brief-access tests. We hypothesize that pyrophosphate taste in the intact mouse involves 2 receptors: T1R3 to produce a hedonically negative signal and an unknown G protein-coupled receptor to produce a hedonically positive signal; in Tas1r3 knockout mice, the hedonically negative signal produced by T1R3 is absent, leading to a heightened avidity for pyrophosphate. PMID:25452580

Initial direct comparison of 99mTc-TOC and 99mTc-TATE in identifying sites of disease in patients with proven GEP NETs.

PubMed

Cwikla, Jaroslaw B; Mikolajczak, Renata; Pawlak, Dariusz; Buscombe, John R; Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Anna; Bator, Andrzej; Maecke, Helmut R; Walecki, Jerzy

2008-07-01

The imaging of neuroendocrine tumors has become one of the most significant areas in nuclear oncology. In an attempt to provide high-quality imaging and possible sensitivity at a reduced cost, time, and radiation dose, several (99m)Tc agents have been proposed. The aim of this initial study was to compare the tumor uptake and biodistribution of 2 new 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-derivatized Tyr(3)-octreotide analogs, (99m)Tc-[HYNIC,Tyr(3)]octreotide ((99m)Tc-TOC) and (99m)Tc-[HYNIC,Tyr(3),Thr(8)]octreotide ((99m)Tc-TATE), in patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. Each of 12 patients with proven gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors received a mean activity of 520 MBq of (99m)Tc-TOC and (99m)Tc-TATE. Scintigraphy with both tracers was performed 3-4 h after their injection using standard whole-body and SPECT imaging. The images were reviewed subjectively by 2 readers, who reported tumor uptake lesion by lesion. Both radiotracers demonstrated concordance between the results in 7 patients (58%). In total, 110 sites of disease were identified with (99m)Tc-TOC, compared with 115 with (99m)Tc-TATE. There was 1 case in which (99m)Tc-TOC identified sites of disease not seen on (99m)Tc-TATE imaging but 4 cases in which some sites of disease were seen with (99m)Tc-TATE and not (99m)Tc-TOC. In this initial study, both tracers seem to show similar sites of tumor, with (99m)Tc-TATE having a slight edge in the total number of lesions seen, especially in lymph node metastases.

Comparison of personnel radiation dosimetry from myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: Technetium-99m-sestamibi versus thallium-201

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Culver, C.M.; Dworkin, H.J.

1993-07-01

The whole-body and hand radiation doses to our technical staff were retrospectively compared for three distinct 4-mo periods when either 201TI or 99mTc-sestamibi were exclusively used for stress myocardial perfusion imaging. During the initial 4-mo period when 99mTc-sestamibi replaced 201TI, the mean whole-body film badge readings increased from 100 to 450 microSv/mo (p < 0.001) for nuclear medicine technologists (n = 10) and from 240 to 560 microSv/mo (p < 0.05) for radiopharmacy technologists (n = 2). Mean TLD readings to the hands also increased, although the differences were not statistically significant for the nuclear medicine technologists. Noninvasive cardiology staffmore » were monitored with film badges and the mean whole-body film badge reading, when 99mTc-sestamibi was the imaging agent, was 360 microSv per month. Radiation reduction methods that decreased radiation exposure to staff were utilized. The most effective included the use of a lead face shield and lead lined storage container in the noninvasive imaging area, handling spills by shielding instead of decontamination and methods to reduce time spent in close proximity to the patient.« less

Detection of occult infection following total joint arthroplasty using sequential technetium-99m HDP bone scintigraphy and indium-111 WBC imaging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, J.A.; Christie, M.J.; Sandler, M.P.

1988-08-01

Preoperative exclusion or confirmation of periprosthetic infection is essential for correct surgical management of patients with suspected infected joint prostheses. The sensitivity and specificity of (/sup 111/In)WBC imaging in the diagnosis of infected total joint prostheses was examined in 28 patients and compared with sequential (/sup 99m/Tc)HDP/(/sup 111/In)WBC scintigraphy and aspiration arthrography. The sensitivity of preoperative aspiration cultures was 12%, with a specificity of 81% and an accuracy of 58%. The sensitivity of (/sup 111/In)WBC imaging alone was 100%, with a specificity of 50% and an accuracy of 65%. When correlated with the bone scintigraphy and read as sequential (/supmore » 99m/Tc)HDP/(/sup 111/In)WBC imaging, the sensitivity was 88%, specificity 95%, and accuracy 93%. This study demonstrates that (/sup 111/In)WBC imaging is an extremely sensitive imaging modality for the detection of occult infection of joint prostheses. It also demonstrates the necessity of correlating (/sup 111/In)WBC images with (/sup 99m/Tc)HDP skeletal scintigraphy in the detection of occult periprosthetic infection.« less

Diagnostic value of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 scintimammography for differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions: Comparison of visual and semi-quantitative analysis.

PubMed

Chen, Qianqian; Xie, Qian; Zhao, Min; Chen, Bin; Gao, Shi; Zhang, Haishan; Xing, Hua; Ma, Qingjie

2015-01-01

To compare the diagnostic value of visual and semi-quantitative analysis of technetium-99m-poly-ethylene glycol, 4-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ((99m)Tc-3PRGD2) scintimammography (SMG) for better differentiation of benign from malignant breast masses, and also investigate the incremental role of semi-quantitative index of SMG. A total of 72 patients with breast lesions were included in the study. Technetium-99m-3PRGD2 SMG was performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPET) at 60 min after intravenous injection of 749 ± 86MBq of the radiotracer. Images were evaluated by visual interpretation and semi-quantitative indices of tumor to non-tumor (T/N) ratios, which were compared with pathology results. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the optimal visual grade, to calculate cut-off values of semi-quantitative indices, and to compare visual and semi-quantitative diagnostic values. Among the 72 patients, 89 lesions were confirmed by histopathology after fine needle aspiration biopsy or surgery, 48 malignant and 41 benign lesions. The mean T/N ratio of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SMG in malignant lesions was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P<0.05). When grade 2 of the disease was used as cut-off value for the detection of primary breast cancer, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 81.3%, 70.7%, and 76.4%, respectively. When a T/N ratio of 2.01 was used as cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 79.2%, 75.6%, and 77.5%, respectively. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve for semi-quantitative analysis was higher than that for visual analysis, but the statistical difference was not significant (P=0.372). Compared with visual analysis or semi-quantitative analysis alone, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of visual analysis combined with semi-quantitative analysis in diagnosing primary breast cancer were higher, being: 87.5%, 82.9%, and 85.4%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.891. Results of the present study suggest that the semi-quantitative and visual analysis statistically showed similar results. The semi-quantitative analysis provided incremental value additive to visual analysis of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SMG for the detection of breast cancer. It seems from our results that, when the tumor was located in the medial part of the breast, the semi-quantitative analysis gave better diagnostic results.

Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of radiolabeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) coordination complexes as cell death imaging agents

PubMed Central

wyffels, Leonie; Gray, Brian D.; Barber, Christy; Woolfenden, James M.; Pak, Koon Y.; Liu, Zhonglin

2011-01-01

The aim of this study was the development of 99mTc labeled bis(zinc(II)-dipicolylamine) (Zn2+-DPA) coordination complexes, and the in vivo evaluation of their usefulness as radiotracers for the detection of cell death. DPA ligand 1 was labeled with 99mTc via the 99mTc-tricarbonyl core ([99mTc(CO)3-1]3+) or via HYNIC (99mTc-HYNIC-1) in good radiochemical yields. Highest in vitro stabilities were demonstrated for [99mTc(CO)3-1]3+. A mouse model of hepatic apoptosis (anti-Fas mAb) was used to demonstrate binding to apoptotic cells. 99mTc-HYNIC-1 showed the best targeting of apoptotic hepatic tissue with a 2.2 times higher liver uptake in anti-Fas treated mice as compared to healthy animals. A rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was used to further explore the ability of the 99mTc-labeled Zn2+-DPA coordination complexes to target cell death. Selective accumulation could be detected for both tracers in the area at risk, correlating with histological proof of cell death. Area at risk to normal tissue uptake ratios were 3.82 for [99mTc(CO)3-1]3+ and 5.45 for 99mTc-HYNIC-1. PMID:21570306

Jejunal variceal bleeding after esophageal transection in a patient with idiopathic portal hypertension.

PubMed

Migou, S; Hashizume, M; Tsugawa, K; Kishihara, F; Kawanaka, H; Ohta, M; Tanoue, K; Kuroiwa, T; Kawamoto, K; Sugimachi, K

1998-01-01

This report describes a 38-year-old man with massive gastrointestinal bleeding from jejunal varices. He had been previously diagnosed to have idiopathic portal hypertension and esophageal varices, and had undergone an esophageal transection 8 years earlier. The pre-operative diagnosis was a suspected hemorrhage from the small intestine as visualized by 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy (technetium 99m-labeled human serum albumin D-type) and was not considered to be repeated massive lower GI tract bleeding. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and intra-operative endoscopy revealed active bleeding from the jejunal varices. A partial resection of the small intestine resulted in a complete resolution of the bleeding. A review of the literature thereafter disclosed twelve previously reported cases of jejunal variceal bleeding.

A novel approach to infection imaging using a synthetic Tc-99m-labeled leukotactic peptide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Som, P.; Oster, Z.H.; Sharma, S.

1996-05-01

RMT1, a synthetic peptide binding to PMN and macrophage receptors was labeled with Tc-99m and investigated as a potential imaging agent for abscess and inflammation. Experimental abscesses were induced in rabbits and dogs by turpentine and E.coli injection. After injection of Tc-99m-RMT1 two and twelve day old abscesses were visualized within 20 min. In initial studies, a dose of 30 {mu}g of peptide/3 mCi was used. This amount was subsequently reduced to 1.5 {mu}g peptide with same amount of Tc-99m yielding similar imaging results. Technetium-99m-IgG and Tc-99m-MAG-3 were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After injection of IgG abscessesmore » were visualized but activity in blood was always higher than in abscess. When using Tc-99m RMT1 rapid abscess visualization and faster blood clearance was observed. The accumulation of RMT1 was monophasic, i.e., following the initial visualization, activity continued to build up continuously for 1{1/2} hr. Tc-99m-MAG3 accumulated initially in abscess, but activity washed out. In dogs, RMT1 blood clearance showed three components: a fast component with t{1/2}=1.9 min, 73%, intermediate t{1/2}=22 min, 24.5% and slow component, t{1/2}=115, 9.5% with 3 hours cumulative urine excretion of 40-51%. RMT1 appears to be more advantageous than currently available methods because of rapidity of imaging, simpler preparation before injection and will probably be less expensive and time consuming compared to labeled WBC. These results indicate that clinical experiments are warranted.« less

Functional imaging of estrogen receptors with radiolabeled-GAP-EDL in rabbit endometriosis model.

PubMed

Takahashi, Nobukazu; Yang, David J; Kurihara, Hiroaki; Borne, Agatha; Kohanim, Saady; Oh, Chang-Sok; Mawlawi, Osama; Kim, E Edmund

2007-09-01

Endometriosis is a common women's health problem. Animal models provide an invaluable tool to study the natural history of endometriosis. We previously have reported that (99m)Tc-labeled glutamate peptide-estradiol ((99m)Tc-GAP-EDL) is a useful agent for imaging functional estrogen receptor (ER) via an ER-mediated process. This study was to evaluate the feasibility of using radiolabeled GAP-EDL to image ER-positive (ER +) endometriosis in nonprimate animal models. 3-Aminoethyl estradiol (EDL) was conjugated to glutamate peptide (GAP) to yield GAP-EDL. In vitro cellular uptake studies of (99m)Tc and (68)Ga-GAP-EDL inhibition with cold estrone were conducted in 13,762 rat mammary tumor cells. To create a rabbit model with endometriosis, part of uterine tissue was dissected and grafted in the peritoneal wall. Eight weeks after surgery, scintigraphic images were obtained after intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL (1 mCi/rabbit, intravenous) at 0.5-2.0 hours, and (68)Ga-GAP-EDL at 45 minutes. We also performed (68)Ga-GAP-EDL blocking study in rabbit model by using tamoxifen. The rabbits were sacrificed and the grafts were excised for histologic examination. In vitro uptake study of (99m)Tc- and (68)Ga-GAP-EDL in 13,762 rat breast cancer cells showed gradually increasing uptake of both tracers. Accumulation of (68)Ga-GAP-EDL in 13,762 cells was inhibited with cold estrone in a dose-dependent manner. In the endometriosis model, the grafted uterine tissue could be visualized by (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. Necropsy was performed at 2.5 hours after injection time. Four follicular endometrial lesions in eight implanted endometrial tissues were detected, and all lesions could be detected by (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. Planar scintigraphy of uterus, ovary and implants of necropsy specimen revealed an increased uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL in comparison with surrounding abdominal wall tissue. Microscopic examinations support that (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL was accumulated in the microinvasive endometrial tissue. After blocking with tamoxifen, (68)Ga-GAP-EDL accumulation in the endometrial grafts could not be visualized, and endometrial tissue-to-normal tissue count ratios were statistically higher in a nonblocked image than that in the blocked image. Endometriosis uptake of radiolabeled GAP-EDL was via an estrogen receptor-mediated process. Radiolabeled-GAP-EDLs are useful agents for imaging endometriosis.

Tc-99m Labeled and VIP Receptor Targeted Liposomes for Effective Imaging of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

conjugated VIP to an activated DSPE-PEG-NHS and the DSPE-PEG-VIP was inserted into preformed radionuclide (Technetium)-loaded SSL by incubation at 37TC...Chemotherapy with Actively Targeted Phospholipid Nanocarriers". CONCLUSIONS We have successfully conjugated VIP to DSPE-PEG34oo and incorporated this conjugate ...loaded with imaging or therapeutic agents, and with surface ligands specific to VIP-R could potentially be actively targeted to breast cancer. This

Development of Novel Technetium-99m-Labeled Steroids as Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer Imaging Agents

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

alkylation with α,ω-ditosyloxy triethylene glycol, followed by displacement with sodium azide, aromatization and reduction of the 17- keto group give the...17alpha.-E- (trifluoromethylphenyl)vinyl estradiols as novel estrogen receptor ligands. Steroids 2003, 68, 143 -148. 23. Hanson, R.N., Dilis, R...R. N.; Lee, C. Y.; Friel, C.; Hughes, A.; DeSombre, E. R. Steroids 2003, 68, 143 -148. (c) Hanson, R. N.; Tongcharoensirikul, P.; Dilis, R.; Hughes

Evaluation of the biliary and brain distribution of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi in healthy dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype genotype before and after treatment with spinosad.

PubMed

MacKay, Christopher S; Mattoon, John S; Roberts, Gregory D; Tucker, Russell L; Morimoto, Trevor R; Mealey, Katrina L

2012-06-01

To determine whether the reported drug-drug interaction between the flea medication spinosad and ivermectin is attributable to inhibition of P-glycoprotein by spinosad. 6 healthy adult dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype genotype. The study was conducted as a prospective, masked, randomized crossover design. Six dogs were allocated to 2 groups; each dog served as its own control animal. Dogs in one of the groups received spinosad at the manufacturer's recommended dose; the other group received no treatment. Forty-eight hours later, scintigraphic imaging of the head and abdomen were performed with the radiolabeled P-glycoprotein substrate methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) in both groups of dogs. After a washout period of 60 days, the dogs in each group received the alternate treatment, and scintigraphic imaging again was performed 48 hours later. Gallbladder-to-liver and brain-to-neck musculature ratios of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi were calculated for each dog and compared between treatments. No significant differences in gallbladder-to-liver or brain-to-neck musculature ratios were found between treatments. Results provided evidence that spinosad did not inhibit P-glycoprotein function 48 hours after spinosad was administered at the manufacturer's recommended dose. Further investigations will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism of the reported toxic interaction between spinosad and ivermectin.

Prospective Evaluation of (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Renal Oncocytomas and Hybrid Oncocytic/Chromophobe Tumors.

PubMed

Gorin, Michael A; Rowe, Steven P; Baras, Alexander S; Solnes, Lilja B; Ball, Mark W; Pierorazio, Phillip M; Pavlovich, Christian P; Epstein, Jonathan I; Javadi, Mehrbod S; Allaf, Mohamad E

2016-03-01

Nuclear imaging offers a potential noninvasive means of determining the histology of renal tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for the differentiation of oncocytomas and hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCTs) from other renal tumor histologies. In total, 50 patients with a solid clinical T1 renal mass were imaged with (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT prior to surgical resection. Preoperative SPECT/CT scans were reviewed by two blinded readers, and their results were compared with centrally reviewed surgical pathology data. Following surgery, 6 (12%) tumors were classified as renal oncocytomas and 2 (4%) as HOCTs. With the exception of 1 (2%) angiomyolipoma, all other tumors were renal cell carcinomas (82%). (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT correctly identified 5 of 6 (83.3%) oncocytomas and 2 of 2 (100%) HOCTs, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.4-99.7%). Only two tumors were falsely positive on SPECT/CT, resulting in a specificity of 95.2% (95% CI, 83.8-99.4%). In summary, (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT is a promising imaging test for the noninvasive diagnosis of renal oncocytomas and HOCTs. We found that the imaging test (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT can be used to accurately diagnose two types of benign kidney tumors. This test may be eventually used to help better evaluate patients diagnosed with a renal tumor. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cyclic-RGD penta-peptides cRGDyK derivatized with cyclopentadienyl complexes of technetium and rhenium as radiopharmaceutical probes.

PubMed

Nadeem, Qaisar; Shen, Yunjun; Warsi, Muhammad Farooq; Nasar, Gulfam; Qadir, Muhammad Abdul; Alberto, Roger

2017-07-01

The present study reports the syntheses of half-sandwich complexes of the type [M(η 5 -C 5 H 4 CONH-R)(CO) 3 ] (M═Re, 99m Tc;R═cyclic RGD peptide (cRGDyK) for potential imaging of α v β 3 integrin expression. The 99m Tc complex was prepared directly from the reaction of [ 99m Tc(OH 2 ) 3 (CO) 3 ] + with cRGDyK, doubly conjugated to Thiele's acid [(C 5 H 5 COOH) 2 ] in water. This approach extends the viability of metal-mediated retro Diels-Alder reactions for the preparation of small molecules such as linear tripeptides to a more complex cyclic peptide carrying a [(η 5 -C 5 H 4 ) 99m Tc(CO) 3 ] tag. The Diels-Alder product [(C 5 H 5 CONH-cRGDyK) 2 ] was prepared from Thiele's acid via double peptide coupling. The Re-complex [Re(η 5 -C 5 H 4 CONH-cRGDyK)(CO) 3 ] was obtained by attaching [Re(η 5 -C 5 H 4 COOH)(CO) 3 ] directly to the N-terminus of cRGDyK. The identity of the 99m Tc-complex is confirmed by chromatographic comparison with the corresponding rhenium complex, fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Preparation and biodistribution of 99mTc-tricarbonyl complex with 4-[(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-dithioformate as a potential 5-HT1A receptor imaging agent.

PubMed

Zhang, Xianzhong; Zhou, Panwang; Liu, Jiaojiao; Huang, Yan; Lin, Yan; Chen, Yanling; Gu, Ting; Yang, Wenjiang; Wang, Xuebin

2007-03-01

The goal of this study is to develop a novel 5-HT(1A) receptor imaging agent. 4-[(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-dithioformate (MPPDTF) was labeled with (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl core via dithioformate moiety in high yield (>96% by HPLC). (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-MPPDTF is a neutral and lipophilic complex, which was confirmed by paper electrophoresis and octanol/water partition coefficient (P=27.0+/-1.4, n=3), respectively. In vivo biodistribution indicated that this complex had moderate brain uptake (0.53+/-0.10% ID/g at 5 min and 0.42+/-0.02% ID/g at 120 min) and good retention (about 80% of the activity was retained in the brain at 120 min post-injection). Regional brain distribution study showed that hippocampus, where the 5-HT(1A) receptor density is high, had the highest uptake (0.60+/-0.02% ID/g at 5 min p.i.) and the cerebellum, where the 5-HT(1A) receptor density is low, had the lowest uptake (0.10+/-0.02% ID/g at 5 min p.i.). After blocking with 8-OH-DPAT, the hippocampus uptake was decreased obviously while the cerebellum uptake was increased slightly. This result indicates that (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-MPPDTF complex has specific binding to 5-HT(1A) receptor.

(99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA): a (99m)Tc renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to those of (131)I-OIH in healthy volunteers.

PubMed

Taylor, Andrew T; Lipowska, Malgorzata; Marzilli, Luigi G

2010-03-01

Studies in rats showed that the pharmacokinetics of the tricarbonyl core radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-nitrilotriacetic acid, (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA), were essentially identical to those of (131)I ortho-iodohippuran ((131)I-OIH), the clinical gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow. Our objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics of these 2 tracers in healthy volunteers. (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) was prepared with commercially available NTA and a commercially available kit and isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Approximately 74 MBq (2 mCi) of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) were coinjected with 9.25 MBq (250 microCi) of (131)I-OIH in 9 volunteers, and simultaneous imaging of each tracer was performed for 24 min. Plasma clearances were determined from 8 blood samples obtained 3-90 min after injection using the single-injection, 2-compartment model. Plasma protein binding, red cell uptake, and percentage injected dose in the urine at 30 and 180 min were determined. There was no difference in the plasma clearances of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) and (131)I-OIH, 475 +/- 105 mL/min versus 472 +/- 108 mL/min, respectively. The plasma protein binding and red cell uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) were 43% +/- 5% and 9% +/- 6%, respectively; both values were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the plasma protein binding (75% +/- 3%) and red cell uptake (17% +/- 5%) of (131)I-OIH. There was no significant difference in the percentage injected dose recovered in the urine at 30 min and at 3 h; for comparison, the percentage dose in the urine at 3 h was 91% +/- 4% for (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) and 91% +/- 6% for (131)I-OIH (P = 0.96). Image quality with (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) was excellent, and the renogram parameters were similar to those of (131)I-OIH. Preliminary results in healthy volunteers suggest that the pharmacokinetic behavior of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) is comparable to that of (131)I-OIH.

Added value of semi-quantitative breast-specific gamma imaging in the work-up of suspicious breast lesions compared to mammography, ultrasound and 3-T MRI

PubMed Central

Seymer, A; Keinrath, P; Holzmannhofer, J; Pirich, C; Hergan, K; Meissnitzer, M W

2015-01-01

Objective: To prospectively analyse the diagnostic value of semi-quantitative breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in the work-up of suspicious breast lesions compared with that of mammography (MG), breast ultrasound and MRI of the breast. Methods: Within a 15-month period, 67 patients with 92 breast lesions rated as Category IV or V according to the breast imaging reporting and data system detected with MG and/or ultrasound were included into the study. After the injection of 740–1110 MBq of Technetium-99m (99mTc) SestaMIBI intravenously, scintigrams were obtained in two projections comparable to MG. The BSGI was analysed visually and semi-quantitatively by calculating a relative uptake factor (X). With the exception of two patients with cardiac pacemakers, all patients underwent 3-T breast MRI. Biopsy results were obtained as the reference standard in all patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive values, accuracy and area under the curve were calculated for each modality. Results: Among the 92 lesions, 67 (72.8%) were malignant. 60 of the 67 cancers of any size were detected by BSGI with an overall sensitivity of 90%, only exceeded by ultrasound with a sensitivity of 99%. The sensitivity of BSGI for lesions <1 cm declined significantly to 60%. Overall specificity of ultrasound was only 20%. Specificity, accuracy and positive-predictive value were the highest for BSGI (56%, 80% and 85%, respectively). X was significantly higher for malignant lesions (mean, 4.27) and differed significantly between ductal types (mean, 4.53) and the other histopathological entities (mean, 3.12). Conclusion: Semi-quantitative BSGI with calculation of the relative uptake factor (X) can help to characterize breast lesions. BSGI negativity may obviate the need for biopsy of breast lesions >1 cm with low or intermediate prevalence for malignancy. Advances in knowledge: Compared with morphological imaging modalities, specificity, positive-predictive value for malignancy and accuracy were the highest for BSGI in our study. BSGI negativity may support the decision not to biopsy in selected lesions with a low or low-to-moderate pre-test probability for malignancy. PMID:25882690

(99m)Tc-Annexin A5 quantification of apoptotic tumor response: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical imaging trials.

PubMed

Belhocine, Tarik Z; Blankenberg, Francis G; Kartachova, Marina S; Stitt, Larry W; Vanderheyden, Jean-Luc; Hoebers, Frank J P; Van de Wiele, Christophe

2015-12-01

(99m)Tc-Annexin A5 has been used as a molecular imaging probe for the visualization, characterization and measurement of apoptosis. In an effort to define the quantitative (99m)Tc-annexin A5 uptake criteria that best predict tumor response to treatment, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the results of all clinical imaging trials found in the literature or publicly available databases. Included in this review were 17 clinical trials investigating quantitative (99m)Tc-annexin A5 (qAnx5) imaging using different parameters in cancer patients before and after the first course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Qualitative assessment of the clinical studies for diagnostic accuracy was performed using the QUADAS-2 criteria. Of these studies, five prospective single-center clinical trials (92 patients in total) were included in the meta-analysis after exclusion of one multicenter clinical trial due to heterogeneity. Pooled positive predictive values (PPV) and pooled negative predictive values (NPV) (with 95% CI) were calculated using Meta-Disc software version 1.4. Absolute quantification and/or relative quantification of (99m)Tc-annexin A5 uptake were performed at baseline and after the start of treatment. Various quantitative parameters have been used for the calculation of (99m)Tc-annexin A5 tumor uptake and delta (Δ) tumor changes post-treatment compared to baseline including: tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), ΔTBR, tumor-to-noise ratio, relative tumor ratio (TR), ΔTR, standardized tumor uptake ratio (STU), ΔSTU, maximum count per pixel within the tumor volume (Cmax), Cmax%, absolute ΔU and percentage (ΔU%), maximum ΔU counts, semiquantitative visual scoring, percent injected dose (%ID) and %ID/cm(3). Clinical trials investigating qAnx5 imaging have included patients with lung cancer, lymphoma, breast cancer, head and neck cancer and other less common tumor types. In two phase I/II single-center clinical trials, an increase of ≥25% in uptake following treatment was considered a significant threshold for an apoptotic tumor response (partial response, complete response). In three other phase I/II clinical trials, increases of ≥28%, ≥42% and ≥47% in uptake following treatment were found to be the mean cut-off levels in responders. In a phase II/III multicenter clinical trial, an increase of ≥23% in uptake following treatment was found to be the minimum cut-off level for a tumor response. In one clinical trial, no significant difference in (99m)Tc-annexin A5 uptake in terms of %ID was found in healthy tissues after chemotherapy compared to baseline. In two other clinical trials, intraobserver and interobserver measurements of (99m)Tc-annexin A5 tumor uptake were found to be reproducible (mean difference <5%, kappa =  0.90 and 0.82, respectively) and to be highly correlated with treatment outcome (Spearman r = 0.99, p < 0.0001). The meta-analysis demonstrated a pooled positive PPV of 100% (95% CI 92 - 100%) and a pooled NPV of 70% (95% CI 55 - 82%) for prediction of a tumor response after the first course of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in terms of ΔU%. In a symmetric sROC analysis, the AUC was 0.919 and the Q* index was 85.21 %. Quantitative (99m)Tc-annexin A5 imaging has been investigated in clinical trials for the assessment of apoptotic tumor responses. This meta-analysis showed a high pooled PPV and a moderate pooled NPV with ΔU cut-off values ranging between 20% and 30%. Standardization of quantification and harmonization of results are required for high-quality clinical research. A standardized uptake value score (SUV, ΔSUV) using quantitative SPECT/CT imaging may be a promising approach to the simple, reproducible and semiquantitative assessment of apoptotic tumor changes.

Lung uptake of /sup 99m/Tc--sulfur colloid in falciparum malaria: case report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ziessman, H.A.

Increased lung uptake of /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid was seen during liver scanning in a patient with falciparum malaria. This finding was due to the enhanced activity of the phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver, spleen, and lung found in human and experimental malaria. Similar findings in other clinical situations and the relevant literature are reviewed.

Comparison of americium-241 and technetium-99m as transmission sources for attenuation correction of thallium-201 SPECT imaging of the heart.

PubMed

Ficaro, E P; Fessler, J A; Rogers, W L; Schwaiger, M

1994-04-01

This study compares the ability of 241Am and 99mTc to estimate 201Tl attenuation maps while minimizing the loss in the precision of the emission data. A triple-head SPECT system with either an 241Am or 99mTc line source opposite a fan-beam collimator was used to estimate attenuation maps of the thorax of an anthropomorphic phantom. Linear attenuation values at 75 keV for 201Tl were obtained by linear extrapolation of the measured values from 241Am and 99mTc. Lung and soft-tissue estimates from both isotopes showed excellent agreement to within 3% of the measured values for 201Tl. Linear extrapolation did not yield satisfactory estimates for bone from either 241Am (+11.7%) or 99mTc (-15.3%). Patient data were used to estimate the dependence of crosstalk on patient size. Contamination from 201Tl in the transmission window was 5-6 times greater for 241Am compared to 99mTc, while the contamination in the 201Tl data in the transmission-emission detector head (head 1) was 4-5 times greater for 99mTc compared to 241Am. No contamination was detected in the 201Tl emission data of heads 2 and 3 from 241Am, whereas the 99mTc produced a small crosstalk component giving a signal-to-crosstalk ratio near 20:1. Measurements with a fillable chest phantom estimated the mean error introduced into the data from the removal of the crosstalk. Based on the measured data, 241Am is a suitable transmission source for simultaneous transmission-emission tomography for 201Tl cardiac studies.

An experimental model to study the effects of a senna extract on the blood constituent labeling and biodistribution of a radiopharmaceutical in rats

PubMed Central

Souza, Deise Elizabeth; Pereira, Marcia Oliveira; Bernardo, Luciana Camargo; Carmo, Fernanda Santos; de Souza da Fonseca, Adenilson; Bernardo-Filho, Mario

2011-01-01

ABSTRACT Cassia angustifolia Vahl (senna) is a natural product that contains sennosides, which are active components that affect the intestinal tract and induce diarrhea. Authors have shown that senna produces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) lesions in Escherichia coli cultures and can act as an antifungal agent. Natural drugs can alter the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc) and can affect the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals. In this work, we have evaluated the influence of a senna extract on the radiolabeling of blood constituents and on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in Wistar rats. Twelve animals were treated with senna extract for 7 days. Blood samples were withdrawn from the animals and the radiolabeling procedure was carried out. The senna extract did not modify the radiolabeling of the blood constituents. A biodistributional assay was performed by administering Na99mTcO4 and determining its activity in different organs and in blood. The senna extract altered the biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 in the thyroid, liver, pancreas, lungs and blood. These results are associated with properties of the chemical substances present in the aqueous senna extract. Although these assays were performed in animals, our findings suggest that caution should be exercised when nuclear medicine examinations using Na99mTcO4 are conducted in patients who are using senna extract. PMID:21552677

Liquid scintillation counting methodology for 99Tc analysis. A remedy for radiopharmaceutical waste

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khan, Mumtaz; Um, Wooyong

2015-08-13

This paper presents a new approach for liquid scintillation counting (LSC) analysis of single-radionuclide samples containing appreciable organic or inorganic quench. This work offers better analytical results than existing LSC methods for technetium-99 ( 99gTc) analysis with significant savings in analysis cost and time. The method was developed to quantify 99gTc in environmental liquid and urine samples using LSC. Method efficiency was measured in the presence of 1.9 to 11,900 ppm total dissolved solids. The quench curve was proved to be effective in the case of spiked 99gTc activity calculation for deionized water, tap water, groundwater, seawater, and urine samples.more » Counting efficiency was found to be 91.66% for Ultima Gold LLT (ULG-LLT) and Ultima Gold (ULG). Relative error in spiked 99gTc samples was ±3.98% in ULG and ULG-LLT cocktails. Minimum detectable activity was determined to be 25.3 mBq and 22.7 mBq for ULG-LLT and ULG cocktails, respectively. A pre-concentration factor of 1000 was achieved at 100°C for 100% chemical recovery.« less

Vertebral Uptake of Tc-99m Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) with SPECT/CT Occurring in Superior Vena Cava Obstruction.

PubMed

Karls, Shawn; Hassoun, Hani; Derbekyan, Vilma

2016-09-01

A 67-year-old male presented with dyspnea for which lung scintigraphy was ordered to rule out pulmonary embolus. Planar images demonstrated abnormal midline uptake of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin, which SPECT/CT localized to several thoracic vertebrae. Thoracic vertebral uptake on perfusion lung scintigraphy was previously described on planar imaging. Radionuclide venography and contrast-enhanced CT subsequently demonstrated superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction with collateralization through the azygous/hemiazygous system and vertebral venous plexus. SPECT/CT differentiated residual esophageal/tracheal ventilation activity, a clinically insignificant finding, from vertebral uptake indicative of SVC obstruction, a potentially life-threatening condition.

Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic phenotype without causing osteonecrosis in the jaw.

PubMed

Zhao, Yinghua; Wang, Lei; Liu, Yi; Akiyama, Kentaro; Chen, Chider; Atsuta, Ikiru; Zhou, Tao; Duan, Xiaohong; Jin, Yan; Shi, Songtao

2012-12-01

Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ((99)Tc-MDP) is a novel bisphosphonate derivative without radioactivity and has been successfully used to treat arthritis in China for years. Since bisphosphonate therapy has the potential to induce bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), we examined whether (99)Tc-MDP represents a new class of bisphosphonate for antiresorptive therapy to ameliorate estrogen deficiency-induced bone resorption with less risk of causing BRONJ. We showed that (99)Tc-MDP-treated, ovariectomized (OVX) mice had significantly improved bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume in comparison to the untreated OVX group by inhibiting osteoclasts and enhancing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. To determine the potential of inducing BRONJ, (99)Tc-MDP/dexamethasone (Dex) or zoledronate/Dex was administered into C57BL/6J mice via the tail vein, followed by extraction of maxillary first molars. Interestingly, (99)Tc-MDP treatment showed less risk to induce osteonecrosis in the maxillary bones compared to zoledronate treatment group, partially because (99)Tc-MDP neither suppressed adaptive regulatory T cells nor activated the inflammatory T-helper-producing interleukin-17 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that (99)Tc-MDP therapy may be a promising approach in the treatment of osteoporosis with less risk of causing BRONJ.

In vivo imaging of tumour angiogenesis in mice with the alpha(v)beta (3) integrin-targeted tracer 99mTc-RAFT-RGD.

PubMed

Sancey, Lucie; Ardisson, Valérie; Riou, Laurent M; Ahmadi, Mitra; Marti-Batlle, Danièle; Boturyn, Didier; Dumy, Pascal; Fagret, Daniel; Ghezzi, Catherine; Vuillez, Jean-Philippe

2007-12-01

The molecular imaging of tumour neoangiogenesis currently represents a major field of research for the diagnostic and treatment strategy of solid tumours. Endothelial cells from tumour neovessels overexpress the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, which selectively binds to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides. We evaluated the potential of the novel radiotracer (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD for the non-invasive molecular imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression in mice models of tumour development. (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD, (99m)Tc-cRGD (specific control) and (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD (non-specific control) were injected intravenously to mice bearing B16F0 or TS/A-pc tumours. In vivo whole-body tomographic imaging and post-mortem biodistribution studies were performed 60 min following tracer injection. Adjacent tumour slices were used to compare the localisation of neovessels from immunostaining and the pattern of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD uptake from autoradiographic ex vivo imaging. Biodistribution studies indicated that (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD tumour uptake was significantly higher than that of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD in B16F0 (2.4+/-0.5 vs 1.0+/-0.1%ID/g, respectively) and in TS/A-pc tumours (2.7+/-0.8 vs 0.7+/-0.1%ID/g, respectively). Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic studies indicated that (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD intratumoural uptake preferentially occurred in angiogenic areas. Tomographic imaging allowed tumour visualisation following injection of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD and (99m)Tc-cRGD with similar tumour-to-contralateral muscle (T/CM) ratios in B16F0 and in TS/A-pc tumours whereas (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD T/CM ratios did not allow tumour imaging. In accordance with the higher level of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression on TS/A-pc tumours than on B16F0 tumours as determined from western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses, the (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD T/CM ratio was significantly higher in TS/A-pc than in B16F0 tumours. (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD allowed the in vivo imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin tumour expression.

Recovery and Determination of Adsorbed Technetium on Savannah River Site Charcoal Stack Samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lahoda, Kristy G.; Engelmann, Mark D.; Farmer, Orville T.

2008-03-01

Experimental results are provided for the sample analyses for technetium (Tc) in charcoal samples placed in-line with a Savannah River Site (SRS) processing stack effluent stream as a part of an environmental surveillance program. The method for Tc removal from charcoal was based on that originally developed with high purity charcoal. Presented is the process that allowed for the quantitative analysis of 99Tc in SRS charcoal stack samples with and without 97Tc as a tracer. The results obtained with the method using the 97Tc tracer quantitatively confirm the results obtained with no tracer added. All samples contain 99Tc at themore » pg g-1 level.« less

Use of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate and gallium-67 citrate scans after intraarticular injection of Staphylococcus aureus into knee joints of rabbits with chronic antigen-induced arthritis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mahowald, M.L.; Raskind, J.R.; Peterson, L.

1986-08-01

Numerous clinical studies have questioned the ability of radionuclide scans to differentiate septic from aseptic joint inflammation. A clinical study may not be able to document an underlying disease process or duration of infection and, thus, may make conclusions about the accuracy of scan interpretations open to debate. In this study, the Dumonde-Glynn model of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits was used as the experimental model to study technetium and gallium scans in Staphylococcus aureus infection of arthritic and normal joints. Gallium scans were negative in normal rabbits, usually negative in antigen-induced arthritis, but positive in septic arthritis. The bone scanmore » was usually negative in early infection but positive in late septic arthritis, a finding reflecting greater penetration of bacteria into subchondral bone because of the underlying inflammatory process.« less

Comparison of radionuclide levels in soil, sagebrush, plant litter, cryptogams, and small mammals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Landeen, D.S.

1994-09-01

Soil, sagebrush, plant litter, cryptogam, and small mammal samples were collected and analyzed for cesium-137, strontium-90, plutonium-238, plutonium 239/240, technetium-99, and iodine-129 from 1981 to 1986 at the US Department of Energy Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State as part of site characterization and environmental monitoring activities. Samples were collected on the 200 Areas Plateau, downwind from ongoing waste management activities. Plant litter, cryptogams, and small mammals are media that are not routinely utilized in monitoring or characterization efforts for determination of radionuclide concentrations. Studies at Hanford, other US Department of Energy sites, and in eastern Europe have indicated thatmore » plant litter and cryptogams may serve as effective ``natural`` monitors of air quality. Plant litter in this study consists of fallen leaves from sagebrush and ``cryptogams`` describes that portion of the soil crust composed of mosses, lichens, algae, and fungi. Comparisons of cesium-137 and strontium-90 concentrations in the soil, sagebrush, litter, and cryptogams revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) levels in plant litter and cryptogams. Technetium-99 values were the highest in sagebrush and litter. Plutonium-238 and 239/40 and iodine-129 concentrations never exceeded 0.8 pCi/gm in all media. No evidence of any significant amounts of any radionuclides being incorporated into the small mammal community was discovered. The data indicate that plant litter and cryptogams may be better, indicators of environmental quality than soil or vegetation samples. Augmenting a monitoring program with samples of litter and cryptogams may provide a more accurate representation of radionuclide environmental uptake and/or contamination levels in surrounding ecosystems. The results of this study may be applied directly to other radioecological monitoring conducted at other nuclear sites and to the monitoring of other pollutants.« less

Evaluation of 99mTc-3PRGD2 integrin receptor imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma tumour-bearing mice: comparison with 18F-FDG metabolic imaging.

PubMed

Zheng, Jieling; Miao, Weibing; Huang, Chao; Lin, Haoxue

2017-07-01

Our study was designed to explore the utility of 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG 4 -E[PEG 4 -c(RGDfK)] 2 ( 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 ) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and specifically to compare the diagnostic performance of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 integrin receptor imaging and 2-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG) metabolic imaging in a nude mouse model. 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 was synthesized using a HYNIC-3PRGD 2 lyophilized kit with 99m TcO 4 labelling. The nude mouse animal model was established by subcutaneously injecting 5 × 10 7 /ml HepG2 cells into the shoulder flank of each mouse. Biodistribution studies were performed at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h after intravenous administration of 0.37 MBq of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 . Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression level of integrin αvβ3 in the HCC tissues. Dynamic imaging was performed using list-mode after the administration of 55.5 MBq of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 , to reconstruct the multiphase images and acquire the best initial scan time. At 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 days after inoculation with HepG2 cells, 55.5 MBq of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 and 37 MBq of 18 F-FDG were injected successively into the nude mouse model, subsequently, simultaneous SPECT/PET imaging was performed to calculate the tumour volume and tumour uptake of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 and 18 F-FDG. The biodistribution study first validated that the tumour uptake of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 at the different time points was higher than that of all the other organs tested in the experiment, except for the kidney. Integrin αvβ3 expressed highly in early stage HCC and declined for further necrosis of the tumour tissue. Subcutaneous tumours were visualized clearly with excellent contrast under 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT imaging, and the multiphase imaging comparison showed the tumours were prominent at 0.5 h, suggesting that the best initial scan time is 0.5 h post-injection. The comparison of the imaging results of the two methods showed that 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 integrin receptor imaging was more sensitive than 18 F-FDG metabolic imaging for the detection of early stage HCC, meanwhile the tumour uptake of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 was consistently higher than that of 18 F-FDG. However, as tumour necrosis further increased in HCC tissues, the uptake of 18 F-FDG was higher than that of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 . Our study demonstrated that 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 is a valuable tumour molecular probe for the detection of early stage HCC compared with 18 F-FDG, meriting further investigation of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 as a novel SPECT tracer for tumour imaging.

Pattern of myocardial 99mTc-HMDP uptake and impact on myocardial function in patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

PubMed

Pradel, Sarah; Brun, Stéphanie; Victor, Gérard; Pascal, Pierre; Fournier, Pauline; Ribes, David; Lavie-Badie, Yoan; Galinier, Michel; Carrié, Didier; Berry, Isabelle; Lairez, Olivier

2018-06-07

The purpose of the study was to describe the pattern of 99m Tc-labeled phosphate agents myocardial uptake by scintigraphy and explore its impact on left ventricular (LV) functions in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (TTR-CA). Fifty patients with TTR-CA underwent 99m Tc- hydroxymethylene-diphosphonate ( 99m Tc-HMDP) scintigraphy and echocardiography with measure of LV thickness, longitudinal strain (LS), systolic and diastolic functions. Cardiac retention by scintigraphy was assessed by visual scoring and the heart/whole body (H/WB) ratio was calculated by dividing counts in the heart by counts in late whole-body images. The mean population age was 79 ± 10 years. Mean H/WB ratio was 12 ± 7. Myocardial 99m Tc-HMDP uptake on segments 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17 was correlated with H/WB ratio. Mean LVEF and global LS were 51 ± 10% and - 10 ± 3%, respectively. H/WB ratio was correlated with global LS (R = 0.408, P = .003), Ea (R = - 0.566, P < .001) and mean left ventricular wall thickness (R = 0.476, P < .001) but not with LVEF (R = - 0.109, P = .453). Segmental myocardial uptake was slightly correlated with segmental LS (R = 0.152, P < .001). H/WB ratio was not correlated with NT-proBNP levels (R = 0.219, P = .148) neither E/Ea ratio (R = 0.204, P = .184). These findings show the relationship between bone tracer myocardial uptake and LV functions in patients with TTR cardiac amyloidosis.

Effects of CT-based attenuation correction of rat microSPECT images on relative myocardial perfusion and quantitative tracer uptake

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strydhorst, Jared H., E-mail: jared.strydhorst@gmail.com; Ruddy, Terrence D.; Wells, R. Glenn

2015-04-15

Purpose: Our goal in this work was to investigate the impact of CT-based attenuation correction on measurements of rat myocardial perfusion with {sup 99m}Tc and {sup 201}Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with {sup 99m}Tc-tetrofosmin and scanned in a small animal pinhole SPECT/CT scanner. Scans were repeated weekly over a period of 5 weeks. Eight additional rats were injected with {sup 201}Tl and also scanned following a similar protocol. The images were reconstructed with and without attenuation correction, and the relative perfusion was analyzed with the commercial cardiac analysis software. The absolutemore » uptake of {sup 99m}Tc in the heart was also quantified with and without attenuation correction. Results: For {sup 99m}Tc imaging, relative segmental perfusion changed by up to +2.1%/−1.8% as a result of attenuation correction. Relative changes of +3.6%/−1.0% were observed for the {sup 201}Tl images. Interscan and inter-rat reproducibilities of relative segmental perfusion were 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively, for the uncorrected {sup 99m}Tc scans, and 3.6% and 4.3%, respectively, for the {sup 201}Tl scans, and were not significantly affected by attenuation correction for either tracer. Attenuation correction also significantly increased the measured absolute uptake of tetrofosmin and significantly altered the relationship between the rat weight and tracer uptake. Conclusions: Our results show that attenuation correction has a small but statistically significant impact on the relative perfusion measurements in some segments of the heart and does not adversely affect reproducibility. Attenuation correction had a small but statistically significant impact on measured absolute tracer uptake.« less

Ion Exchange Distribution Coefficient Tests and Computer Modeling at High Ionic Strength Supporting Technetium Removal Resin Maturation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nash, Charles A.; Hamm, L. Larry; Smith, Frank G.

2014-12-19

The primary treatment of the tank waste at the DOE Hanford site will be done in the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) that is currently under construction. The baseline plan for this facility is to treat the waste, splitting it into High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW). Both waste streams are then separately vitrified as glass and poured into canisters for disposition. The LAW glass will be disposed onsite in the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF). There are currently no plans to treat the waste to remove technetium, so its disposition path is the LAW glass. Duemore » to the water solubility properties of pertechnetate and long half-life of 99Tc, effective management of 99Tc is important to the overall success of the Hanford River Protection Project mission. To achieve the full target WTP throughput, additional LAW immobilization capacity is needed, and options are being explored to immobilize the supplemental LAW portion of the tank waste. Removal of 99Tc, followed by off-site disposal, would eliminate a key risk contributor for the IDF Performance Assessment (PA) for supplemental waste forms, and has potential to reduce treatment and disposal costs. Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) is developing some conceptual flow sheets for supplemental LAW treatment and disposal that could benefit from technetium removal. One of these flowsheets will specifically examine removing 99Tc from the LAW feed stream to supplemental immobilization. To enable an informed decision regarding the viability of technetium removal, further maturation of available technologies is being performed. This report contains results of experimental ion exchange distribution coefficient testing and computer modeling using the resin SuperLig ® 639 a to selectively remove perrhenate from high ionic strength simulated LAW. It is advantageous to operate at higher concentration in order to treat the waste stream without dilution and to minimize the volume of the final wasteform. This work examined the impact of high ionic strength, high density, and high viscosity if higher concentration LAW feed solution is used. Perrhenate (ReO 4 -) has been shown to be a good nonradioactive surrogate for pertechnetate in laboratory testing for this ion exchange resin, and the performance bias is well established. Equilibrium contact testing with 7.8 M [Na +] average simulant concentrations indicated that the SuperLig ® 639 resin average perrhenate distribution coefficient was 368 mL/g at a 100:1 phase ratio. Although this indicates good performance at high ionic strength, an equilibrium test cannot examine the impact of liquid viscosity, which impacts the diffusivity of ions and therefore the loading kinetics. To get an understanding of the effect of diffusivity, modeling was performed, which will be followed up with column tests in the future.« less

Concordance between (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT and 18F-FDG PET interpretations in patients with cognitive disorders diagnosed according to NIA-AA criteria.

PubMed

Ito, Kimiteru; Shimano, Yasumasa; Imabayashi, Etsuko; Nakata, Yasuhiro; Omachi, Yoshie; Sato, Noriko; Arima, Kunimasa; Matsuda, Hiroshi

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study was to clarify the concordance of diagnostic abilities and interobserver agreement between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and brain perfusion single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who were diagnosed according to the research criteria of the National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association Workshop. Fifty-five patients with "AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)" (n = 40) and "non-AD" (n = 15) were evaluated with 18F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT during an 8-week period. Three radiologists independently graded the regional uptake in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes as well as the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex in both images. Kappa values were used to determine the interobserver reliability regarding regional uptake. The regions with better interobserver reliability between 18F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT were the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT agreement in the occipital lobes was not significant. The frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes showed good correlations between 18F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT in the degree of uptake, but the occipital lobe and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex did not show good correlations. The diagnostic accuracy rates of "AD and MCI" ranged from 60% to 70% in both of the techniques. The degree of uptake on 18F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT showed significant correlations in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. The diagnostic abilities of 18F-FDG PET and (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT for "AD and MCI," when diagnosed according to the National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association Workshop criteria, were nearly identical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biello, D.R.

The optimal strategy for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is subject of controversial and often conflicting opinions. If untreated, as many as 30% of patients with PE may die. Conversely, anticoagulant therapy significantly decreases mortality from PE, but bleeding complications occur. Underdiagnosis may result in a preventable death, and overdiagnosis may lead to significant hemorrhage from unnecessary anticoagulant therapy. This article outlines a practical guide for the use of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scintigraphy in patients with suspected PE. Perfusion imaging involves the intravenous injection of radiolabeled particles ranging from 10 to 60 ..mu..m in diameter (technetiummore » Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin or technetium Tc 99m serum albumin microspheres); these particles are trapped in the capillaries and precapillary arterioles of the lung. The radiolabeled particles are distributed to the lungs in proportion to regional pulmonary blood flow. The correspondence of perfusion defects to bronchopulmonary segments is best appreciated in the posterior oblique views.« less

Nuclear cardiology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Willerson, J.T.

1979-01-01

Nuclear Cardiology is a well-written, concise compendium of chapters that covers a wide range of topics in nuclear cardiology. Each chapter has been contributed by one or more recognized experts in the field, and the work is thoroughly referened. The physics and physiology of nuclear cardiology, myocardial imaging with /sup 201/Tl and /sup 99m/Tc pyrophosphate, left ventricular and right ventricular function, measurement of coronary blood flow with /sup 133/Xe, and microspheres are discussed, and there are chapters on metabolic imaging with positron emitters and on transmission computerized tomography of the heart.

99mTechnetium-based Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-radioguided Surgery in Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

PubMed

Maurer, Tobias; Robu, Stephanie; Schottelius, Margret; Schwamborn, Kristina; Rauscher, Isabel; van den Berg, Nynke S; van Leeuwen, Fijs W B; Haller, Bernhard; Horn, Thomas; Heck, Matthias M; Gschwend, Jürgen E; Schwaiger, Markus; Wester, Hans-Jürgen; Eiber, Matthias

2018-04-03

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) can visualize metastatic lesions in recurrent prostate cancer (PC). However, reliable identification of small and/or atypically localized lesions during salvage surgery procedures is challenging. To describe the technique, feasibility, and short-term outcomes of 99m Technetium ( 99m Tc)-based PSMA-radioguided surgery ( 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS) for removal of recurrent PC lesions. Thirty-one consecutive patients with evidence of recurrent PC on 68 Ga-PSMA N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl] ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid ( 68 Ga-PSMA-11) PET after radical prostatectomy undergoing 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS were retrospectively analyzed. Salvage surgery with intraoperative radioguidance using a gamma probe was performed after intravenous application of 99m Tc-PSMA investigation and surgery (mean activity 571 MBq, mean time to surgery 19.7h). Radioactive rating (positive vs negative) of resected tissue was compared with the findings of postoperative histopathological analysis. Best prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response without additional treatment was determined after 8-16 wk postoperatively. Biochemical recurrence- and treatment-free survival was evaluated. In total, 132 tissue specimens were removed, of which 58 showed metastatic involvement on histological analysis. On a specimen basis, radioactive rating yielded a sensitivity of 83.6% (confidence interval [CI]: 70.9-91.5%), a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 93.0% (CI: 85.5-96.7%). With 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS, all lesions visualized on preoperative 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET could be removed. Moreover, 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS detected additional metastases as small as 3mm in two patients. Thirteen patients suffered from complications related to surgery (Clavien-Dindo grade 1: 12 patients; grade 3a: one patient). A PSA reduction below 0.2 ng/ml was observed in 20 patients. Thirteen patients remained biochemical recurrence free after a median follow-up of 13.8 (range: 4.6-18.3) mo. Twenty patients continued to be treatment free after a median follow-up of 12.2 (range: 5.5-18.3) mo. As a new technique for surgical guidance, 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS is feasible, and has been proved to be of high value for successful intraoperative detection and removal of metastatic lesions in PC patients scheduled for salvage surgery. Its long-term impact on outcome has to be evaluated. In this report, we evaluated a novel technique to identify metastatic lesions intraoperatively in patients with recurrent prostate cancer to facilitate surgical removal. After intravenous injection of radioactive molecules that specifically bind to prostate cancer cells that show increased expression of the prostate-specific membrane antigen, we were able to detect and remove these metastatic lesions during surgery. Following salvage surgery, 41.9% of patients remained biochemical recurrence free (median follow-up of 13.8 mo) and 64.5% continued to be treatment free (median follow-up of 12.2 mo). Copyright © 2018 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Krypton-81m ventilation scanning: acute respiratory disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lavender, J.P.; Irving, H.; Armstrong, J.D. II

1981-02-01

From experience with 700 patients undergoing ventilation and perfusion lung scanning with krypton-81m/technetium-99m technique, 34 patients suffering from nonembolic acute respiratory disease were selected for review. In 16 patients with pneumonia, all had defects of ventilation corresponding to, or larger than, the radiologic consolidation. In 13 patients there was some preservation of perfusion in the consolidated region. In two of the three patients with matched defects, the pneumonia was of long standing. In seven patients with collapse or atelectasis and in 11 patients with acute reversible bronchial obstruction and normal volume lungs, a similar pattern or ventillation and perfusion wasmore » observed.« less

Remote-loading labeling of liposomes with (99m)Tc-BMEDA and its stability evaluation: effects of lipid formulation and pH/chemical gradient.

PubMed

Li, Shihong; Goins, Beth; Phillips, William T; Bao, Ande

2011-03-01

Efficient, convenient, and stable radiolabeling plays a critical role for the monitoring of liposome behavior via either blood sampling, organ distribution, or noninvasive nuclear imaging. The direct labeling of liposome-carrying drugs without any prior modification undoubtedly is convenient and optimal for liposomal drug testing. In this article, we investigated the effect of various lipid formulations and pH/chemical gradients on the radiolabeling efficiency and entrapment stability of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) remotely loaded into liposomes, using (99m)Tc-N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethyl-ethylenediamine ((99m)Tc-BMEDA) complex. The tested liposomes either contained unsaturated lipid or possessed various surface charges. (99m)Tc could be efficiently loaded into various premanufactured liposomes containing either an ammonium sulfate pH, citrate pH, or glutathione (GSH) chemical gradient. (99m)Tc-entrapment stabilities of these liposomes in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) buffer at 25°C were mainly dependent on the pH/chemical gradient, but not lipid formulation. Stability sequence was ammonium sulfate pH-gradient>citrate pH-gradient>GSH-gradient. Stabilities of (99m)Tc-liposomes in 50% fetal bovine serum (FBS)/PBS (pH 7.4) buffer at 37°C are dependent on both lipid formulation and pH/chemical gradient. Specifically, (99m)Tc labeling of the ammonium sulfate pH-gradient liposomes were less stable in 50% FBS/PBS than in PBS, whereas noncationic liposomes with citrate pH- or GSH-gradient displayed higher stability, except that anionic citrate pH-gradient liposomes showed no stability difference in these two media. Cationic liposomes aggregated in 50% FBS/PBS, forming a new discrete fraction with larger particle sizes. These in vitro characterization results have indicated the optimism of using (99m)Tc-BMEDA for labeling pH/GSH gradient liposomes without the requirement of modifying lipid formulation for liposomal therapeutic-agent development.

Organ distribution of technetium-99m-labeled Corynebacterium parvum in normal and tumor-bearing mice

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barth, R.F.; Singla, O.

1978-01-01

The distribution patterns were studied for /sup 99m/Tc-labeled Corynebacterium parvum in normal and tumor-bearing mice. C57BL/6 mice were given i.v., i.p., or s.c. injections of 250 ..mu..g of /sup 99m/Tc-labeled C. parvum and killed at 10 min, 1, 4, and 24 hr. After iv. administration, labeled organisms were distributed primarily to the liver, the lungs, and the blood (46% of injected dose), followed by the gastrointestinal tract, the spleen, and the kidneys (11%). Total recoverable radioactivity, which was defined as the percentage of injected dose that was recovered, ranged from 59% at 10 min to 15% at 24 hr. Inmore » contrast to this, /sup 99m/TcS colloid, an inert particulate material, was localized almost entirely in the liver, and the amount recoverable remained constant over 24 hr. One hr after i.p. administration of /sup 99m/Tc-labeled C. parvum, the gastrointestinal tract accounted for 27% of the injected radioactivity, followed by liver, blood, and spleen (12%). This was rapidly excreted between 4 and 24 hr, at which time only 12% of the injected dose was recovered. The skin accounted for 54.6% of the injected radioactivity 1 hr after s.c. injection, 6% 4 hr after s.c. injection, and 0.8% at 24 hr after s.c. injection.« less

Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid radioaerosol scintigraphy in organophosphate induced pulmonary toxicity: experimental study.

PubMed

Yavuz, Yucel; Kaya, Eser; Yurumez, Yusuf; Sahin, Onder; Bas, Orhan; Fidan, Huseyin; Sezer, Murat

2008-09-01

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate pathological signs of lung damages caused by acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning by using Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy and histopathological investigation. Fourteen rabbits were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). Group 1 (control group) received normal saline (same volume of fenthion, 2 ml/kg) via orogastric tube. Group 2 (OP toxicity group) received 150 mg/kg of fenthion (diluted fenthion, 2 ml/kg) via orogastric tube. Six hours later, Tc-99m-DTPA aerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy was performed in both groups. Then all rabbits were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (35 mg/kg, i.p.) and xysilazine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and sacrificed by intracardiac blood discharge. The lungs were then removed. There was a significant difference in T1/2 values of Tc-99m DTPA clearance between control group and OP toxicity group (p = 0.04). Intraparenchymal vascular congestion and thrombosis, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, respiratory epithelial proliferation, number of macrophages in the alveolar, and bronchial lumen, alveolar destruction, emphysematous changes, and bronchoalveolar hemorrhage scores were significantly higher in the rabbits exposed to OP compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This study showed that OP toxicity caused a decrease in the alveolar clearance. Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy was found to be a sensitive determination of acute lung damage in OP poisoning.

Localized chemistry of 99Tc in simulated low activity waste glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weaver, Jamie L.

A priority of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) is to dispose of the nuclear waste accumulated in the underground tanks at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Richland, WA. Incorporation and stabilization of technetium (99Tc) from these tanks into vitrified waste forms is a concern to the waste glass community and DOE due to 99Tc's long half-life ( 2.13˙105 y), and its high mobility in the subsurface environment under oxidizing conditions. Working in collaboration with researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and other national laboratories, plans were formulated to obtain first-of-a-kind chemical structure determination of poorly understood and environmentally relevant technetium compounds that relate to the chemistry of the Tc in nuclear waste glasses. Knowledge of the structure and spectral signature of these compounds aid in refining the understanding of 99Tc incorporation into and release from oxide based waste glass. In this research a first-of-its kind mechanism for the behavior of 99Tc during vitrification is presented, and the structural role of Tc(VII) and (IV) in borosilicate waste glasses is readdressed.

Detection of bacterial infection by a technetium-99m-labeled peptidoglycan aptamer.

PubMed

Ferreira, Iêda Mendes; de Sousa Lacerda, Camila Maria; Dos Santos, Sara Roberta; de Barros, André Luís Branco; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

2017-09-01

Nuclear medicine clinicians are still waiting for the optimal scintigraphic imaging agents capable of distinguishing between infection and inflammation, and between fungal and bacterial infections. Aptamers have several properties that make them suitable for molecular imaging. In the present study, a peptidoglycan aptamer (Antibac1) was labeled with 99m Tc and evaluated by biodistribution studies and scintigraphic imaging in infection-bearing mice. Labeling with 99m Tc was performed by the direct method and the complex stability was evaluated in saline, plasma and in the molar excess of cysteine. The biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies with the 99m Tc-Antibac1 were carried out in two different experimental infection models: Bacterial-infected mice (S. aureus) and fungal-infected mice (C. albicans). A 99m Tc radiolabeled library, consisting of oligonucleotides with random sequences, was used as a control for both models. Radiolabeling yields were superior to 90% and 99m Tc-Antibac1 was highly stable in presence of saline, plasma, and cysteine up to 6h. Scintigraphic images of S. aureus infected mice at 1.5 and 3.0h after 99m Tc-Antibac1 injection showed target to non-target ratios of 4.7±0.9 and 4.6±0.1, respectively. These values were statistically higher than those achieved for the 99m Tc-library at the same time frames (1.6±0.4 and 1.7±0.4, respectively). Noteworthy, 99m Tc-Antibac1 and 99m Tc-library showed similar low target to non-target ratios in the fungal-infected model: 2.0±0.3 and 2.0±0.6for 99m Tc-Antibac1 and 2.1±0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.6 for 99m Tc-library, at the same times. These findings suggest that the 99m Tc-Antibac1 is a feasible imaging probe to identify a bacterial infection focus. In addition, this radiolabeled aptamer seems to be suitable in distinguishing between bacterial and fungal infection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Development of Alternative Technetium Waste Forms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Czerwinski, Kenneth

2013-09-13

The UREX+1 process is under consideration for the separation of transuranic elements from spent nuclear fuel. The first steps of this process extract the fission product technicium-99 ({sup 99}Tc) into an organic phase containing tributylphosphate together with uranium. Treatment of this stream requires the separation of Tc from U and placement into a suitable waste storage form. A potential candidate waste form involves immobilizing the Tc as an alloy with either excess metallic zirconium or stainless steel. Although Tc-Zr alloys seem to be promising waste forms, alternative materials must be investigated. Innovative studies related to the synthesis and behavior ofmore » a different class of Tc materials will increase the scientific knowledge related to development of Tc waste forms. These studies will also provide a better understanding of the behavior of {sup 99}Tc in repository conditions. A literature survey has selected promising alternative waste forms for further study: technetium metallic alloys, nitrides, oxides, sulfides, and pertechnetate salts. The goals of this project are to 1) synthesize and structurally characterize relevant technetium materials that may be considered as waste forms, 2) investigate material behavior in solution under different conditions of temperature, electrochemical potential, and radiation, and 3) predict the long-term behavior of these materials.« less

Preoperative diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma: a 99mTc-RBC SPECT study.

PubMed

Burroni, Luca; Borsari, Giulia; Pichierri, Patrizia; Polito, Ennio; Toscano, Olga; Grassetto, Gaia; Al-Nahhas, Adil; Rubello, Domenico; Vattimo, Angelo Giuseppe

2012-11-01

This study aimed to describe 99mTc-labeled RBC scintigraphy as a diagnostic method for orbital cavernous hemangiomas and to evaluate this diagnostic tool according to surgical outcomes. Fifty-five patients with clinical and radiological (US, CT, and/or MRI) suspicion of unilateral cavernous hemangioma of the orbit underwent 99mTc-RBC SPECT study.Qualitative and semiquantitative evaluations were performed, and results were statistically analyzed. SPECT images showed focal uptake in the orbital mass in 36 of 55 patients. Nineteen patients had a negative scintigraphic pattern, with concordance of early and late absence of uptake of 99mTc-RBC.Our procedure showed 100% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity for the diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma, with a positive predictive value of 90.9% and a negative predictive value of 100%. 99mTc-RBC imaging is safe, easy to perform, and highly accurate in providing adequate clinical and surgical management. As a noninvasive and highly specific method for diagnosing orbital hemangioma, 99mTc-RBC scintigraphy can avoid more invasive imaging or biopsy.

Heightened avidity for trisodium pyrophosphate in mice lacking Tas1r3.

PubMed

Tordoff, Michael G; Aleman, Tiffany R; McCaughey, Stuart A

2015-01-01

Laboratory rats and mice prefer some concentrations of tri- and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na3HP2O7 and Na4P2O7) to water, but how they detect pyrophosphates is unknown. Here, we assessed whether T1R3 is involved. We found that relative to wild-type littermate controls, Tas1r3 knockout mice had stronger preferences for 5.6-56mM Na3HP2O7 in 2-bottle choice tests, and they licked more 17.8-56mM Na3HP2O7 in brief-access tests. We hypothesize that pyrophosphate taste in the intact mouse involves 2 receptors: T1R3 to produce a hedonically negative signal and an unknown G protein-coupled receptor to produce a hedonically positive signal; in Tas1r3 knockout mice, the hedonically negative signal produced by T1R3 is absent, leading to a heightened avidity for pyrophosphate. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Myocardial contusion following nonfatal blunt chest trauma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, S.A.; Puri, V.K.; Mittal, V.K.

1983-04-01

Currently available diagnostic techniques for myocardial contusion following blunt chest trauma were evaluated. We investigated 30 patients prospectively over a period of 1 year for the presence of myocardial contusion. Among the 30 patients, eight were found to have myocardial contusion on the basis of abnormal electrocardiograms, elevated creatine phosphokinase MB fraction (CPK-MB), and positive myocardial scan. Myocardial scan was positive in seven of eight patients (87.5%). CPK-MB fraction was elevated in four of eight patients (50%). Definitive electrocardiographic changes were seen in only two of eight patients (25%). It appears that myocardial scan using technetium pyrophosphate and CPK-MB fractionmore » determinations are the most reliable aids in diagnosis of myocardial contusion following blunt chest trauma.« less

Imaging of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Bivalent 99mTc-Hydroxamamide Complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iikuni, Shimpei; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Matsumura, Kenji; Yoshimura, Masashi; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue; Okamoto, Yoko; Ihara, Masafumi; Saji, Hideo

2016-05-01

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the deposition of amyloid aggregates in the walls of cerebral vasculature, is a major factor in intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment and is also associated closely with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously reported 99mTc-hydroxamamide (99mTc-Ham) complexes with a bivalent amyloid ligand showing high binding affinity for β-amyloid peptide (Aβ(1-42)) aggregates present frequently in the form in AD. In this article, we applied them to CAA-specific imaging probes, and evaluated their utility for CAA-specific imaging. In vitro inhibition assay using Aβ(1-40) aggregates deposited mainly in CAA and a brain uptake study were performed for 99mTc-Ham complexes, and all 99mTc-Ham complexes with an amyloid ligand showed binding affinity for Aβ(1-40) aggregates and very low brain uptake. In vitro autoradiography of human CAA brain sections and ex vivo autoradiography of Tg2576 mice were carried out for bivalent 99mTc-Ham complexes ([99mTc]SB2A and [99mTc]BT2B), and they displayed excellent labeling of Aβ depositions in human CAA brain sections and high affinity and selectivity to CAA in transgenic mice. These results may offer new possibilities for the development of clinically useful CAA-specific imaging probes based on the 99mTc-Ham complex.

Imaging of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Bivalent (99m)Tc-Hydroxamamide Complexes.

PubMed

Iikuni, Shimpei; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Matsumura, Kenji; Yoshimura, Masashi; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue; Okamoto, Yoko; Ihara, Masafumi; Saji, Hideo

2016-05-16

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the deposition of amyloid aggregates in the walls of cerebral vasculature, is a major factor in intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment and is also associated closely with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported (99m)Tc-hydroxamamide ((99m)Tc-Ham) complexes with a bivalent amyloid ligand showing high binding affinity for β-amyloid peptide (Aβ(1-42)) aggregates present frequently in the form in AD. In this article, we applied them to CAA-specific imaging probes, and evaluated their utility for CAA-specific imaging. In vitro inhibition assay using Aβ(1-40) aggregates deposited mainly in CAA and a brain uptake study were performed for (99m)Tc-Ham complexes, and all (99m)Tc-Ham complexes with an amyloid ligand showed binding affinity for Aβ(1-40) aggregates and very low brain uptake. In vitro autoradiography of human CAA brain sections and ex vivo autoradiography of Tg2576 mice were carried out for bivalent (99m)Tc-Ham complexes ([(99m)Tc]SB2A and [(99m)Tc]BT2B), and they displayed excellent labeling of Aβ depositions in human CAA brain sections and high affinity and selectivity to CAA in transgenic mice. These results may offer new possibilities for the development of clinically useful CAA-specific imaging probes based on the (99m)Tc-Ham complex.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lipshultz, L.I.; Corriere, J.N. Jr.

Technetium-99m radioactive colloid particles were suspended in an iodine- 131 Hippuran radioactive fluid medium and placed into the bladders of six patients. Two normal patients and one with only one urinary tract infection voided the fluid and particles synchronously, while three with recurrent urinary tract infections eliminated the particles at a much slower rate than the fluid. A change in either the physical contour or secretory activity of the bladder urothelium is postulated as the cause of particle retention in these patients with chronic infections. (auth)

Frontal and orbital bone infarctions causing periorbital swelling in patients with sickle cell anemia

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garty, I.; Koren, A.; Garzozi, H.

1984-10-01

Two cases of unilateral and bilateral periorbital hematomas occurred in patients with sickle cell anemia. The cause of periorbital swelling in these cases was found to be orbital and frontal bone infarctions, respectively, diagnosed by technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scintigraphy. To our knowledge, periorbital bone infarction, as a part of the differential diagnosis of periorbital hematoma and as part of the possible ocular manifestations in patients with sickle cell anemia, has not previously been described.

Sentinel lymph node detection in early cervical cancer with combination 99mTc phytate and patent blue.

PubMed

Niikura, Hitoshi; Okamura, Chikako; Akahira, Junichi; Takano, Tadao; Ito, Kiyoshi; Okamura, Kunihiro; Yaegashi, Nobuo

2004-08-01

The purpose of this study was to examine sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in patients with early stage cervical cancer using (99m)Tc phytate and patent blue dye and to compare our method with published findings utilizing other radioisotopic tracers. A total of 20 consecutive patients with cervical cancer scheduled for radical hysterectomy and total pelvic lymphadenectomy at our hospital underwent SLN detection study. The day before surgery, lymphoscintigraphy was performed with injection of 99m-technetium ((99m)Tc)-labeled phytate into the uterine cervix. At surgery, patients underwent lymphatic mapping with a gamma-detecting probe and patent blue injected into the same points as the phytate solution. At least one positive node was detected in 18 patients (90%). A total of 46 sentinel nodes were detected (mean, 2.3; range, 1-5). Most sentinel nodes were in one of the following sites: external iliac (21 nodes), obturator (15 nodes), and parametrial (7 nodes). Eleven (24%) sentinel nodes were detected only through radioactivity and two (4%) were detected only with blue dye. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value for SLN detection were all 100%. Nine published studies involving 295 patients had a summarized detection rate of 85%. Summarized sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were 93%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. Combination of (99m)Tc phytate and patent blue is effective in SLN detection in early stage cervical cancer.

Evaluation of Mucociliary Clearance by Three Dimension Micro-CT-SPECT in Guinea Pig: Role of Bitter Taste Agonists.

PubMed

Ortiz, Jose Luis; Ortiz, Amparo; Milara, Javier; Armengot, Miguel; Sanz, Celia; Compañ, Desamparados; Morcillo, Esteban; Cortijo, Julio

2016-01-01

Different image techniques have been used to analyze mucociliary clearance (MCC) in humans, but current small animal MCC analysis using in vivo imaging has not been well defined. Bitter taste receptor (T2R) agonists increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and cause bronchodilation but their effects in vivo are not well understood. This work analyzes in vivo nasal and bronchial MCC in guinea pig animals using three dimension (3D) micro-CT-SPECT images and evaluates the effect of T2R agonists. Intranasal macroaggreggates of albumin-Technetium 99 metastable (MAA-Tc99m) and lung nebulized Tc99m albumin nanocolloids were used to analyze the effect of T2R agonists on nasal and bronchial MCC respectively, using 3D micro-CT-SPECT in guinea pig. MAA-Tc99m showed a nasal mucociliary transport rate of 0.36 mm/min that was increased in presence of T2R agonist to 0.66 mm/min. Tc99m albumin nanocolloids were homogeneously distributed in the lung of guinea pig and cleared with time-dependence through the bronchi and trachea of guinea pig. T2R agonist increased bronchial MCC of Tc99m albumin nanocolloids. T2R agonists increased CBF in human nasal ciliated cells in vitro and induced bronchodilation in human bronchi ex vivo. In summary, T2R agonists increase MCC in vivo as assessed by 3D micro-CT-SPECT analysis.

Sestamibi technetium-99m brain single-photon emission computed tomography to identify recurrent glioma in adults: 201 studies.

PubMed

Le Jeune, Florence Prigent; Dubois, François; Blond, Serge; Steinling, Marc

2006-04-01

In the follow-up of treated gliomas, CT and MRI can often not differentiate radionecrosis from recurrent tumor. The aim of this study was to assess the interest of functional imaging with (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT in a large series of 201 examinations. MIBI SPECT were performed in 81 patients treated for brain gliomas. A MIBI uptake index was computed as the ratio of counts in the lesion to counts in the controlateral region. SPECT was compared to stereotactic biopsy in 14 cases, or in the others cases to imaging evolution or clinical course at 6 months after the last tomoscintigraphy Two hundred and one tomoscintigraphies were performed. One hundred and two scans were true positive, 82 scans were true negative. Six scans were false positive (corresponding to 3 patients): 2 patients with an inflammatory reaction after radiosurgery, 1 with no explanation up to now. Eleven scans were false negative (5 patients): 1 patient with a deep peri-ventricular lesion, 2 patients with no contrast enhancement on MRI, 2 patients with a temporal tumor. The sensitivity for tumor recurrence was 90%, specificity 91.5% and accuracy 90.5%. We studied separately low and high grade glioma: sensitivity for tumor recurrence was respectively 91% and 89%, specificity 100% and 83% and accuracy 95% and 87%. MIBI SPECT allowed the diagnose of anaplasic degenerence of low grade sometimes earlier than clinical (5 cases) or MRI signs (7 cases). Our results confirm the usefullness of MIBI SPECT in the follow-up of treated gliomas for the differential diagnosis between radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence.

Biokinetics and dosimetric studies about 99mTc(V)-DMSA distribution.

PubMed

Correia, M B L; Magnata, S S L P; Silva, I M S; Catanho, M T J A; Lima, F F

2010-05-10

Research for radiodiagnostic agents should considerate biological critical parameters which will give own contribution on the absorbed dose. The dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) labeled with (99m)Tc(V) is a radiopharmaceutical which has well established role in medullar thyroid carcinoma and has been proposed in evaluation of bone metastasis. This work studied the biokinetics and dosimetry of (99m)Tc(V)-DMSA by animal model. The (99m)Tc(V)-DMSA was prepared from a (III)DMSA kit alkalized. Mice (n=5) received (99m)Tc(V)DMSA i.v., they were sacrificed (30 min, 1h, 5h and 12h), the organs excised and the activities measured by a gamma counter. The results were evaluated based on %activity/g and the absorbed dose was estimated (MIRDOSE 3.0 program) by extrapolation of data from animal to human scale. The results showed the majority of organs reached the top uptake at 30 min, the greatest kidney uptake was (4.81 +/- 1.38)% activity/g, while the bone presented its highest uptake at 1h (5.49+/- 0.47)% activity/g, after 1h all the organs had activity exponential decrease. The biokinetic profile of (99m)Tc(V)-DMSA was well established, allowing quantifying of residence time, and the radiation dose estimates were made for this agent. About the absorbed dose, the preliminary results showed higher value to bone, being the soft tissue dose relatively low.