Sample records for technetium-99m sestamibi imaging

  1. The value and throughput of rest Thallium-201/stress Technetium -99m sestamibi dual-isotope myocardial SPECT.

    PubMed

    Okudan, Berna; Smitherman, Thomas C

    2004-06-01

    Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is an established method in cardiology for the diagnosis and evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thallium-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging has been widely accepted as non-invasive diagnostic procedure for detection of CAD, risk stratification and myocardial viability assessment. But, standard Tl-201 redistribution and same day or 2-day rest/stress Tc-99m sestamibi protocols are time-consuming. Hence, the dual isotope rest thallium-201/stress technetium-99m sestamibi gated single-photon emission tomography protocol has gained increasing popularity for these applications. Combining the use of thallium-201 with technetium-99m agents permits optimal image resolution and simultaneous assessment of viability. Dual-isotope imaging may be separate or simultaneous acquisition set-up. The more rapid completion of these studies is appreciated as an advantage by patients, technologists, interpreting and referring physicians, nurses and hospital management. Simultaneous imaging has the potential advantages of precise pixel registration and artifacts, if present, are identical in both thallium and sestamibi, and require only one set of imaging. Also, there are some disadvantages of spillover of activity from the Tc-99m to the Tl-201 window. Fortunately, despite this problem it can be overcome. Separate acquisition dual isotope also has some disadvantages. Difference in defect resolution in attenuation and scatter between T-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi potentially results in interpretation problems. But, studies about cost-effectiveness of dual isotope imaging showed that some selective elimination of the rest studies may decrease the cost of the nuclear procedures and should be considered in the current care health system.

  2. Enterogastroesophageal reflux detected on 99m-technetium sestamibi cardiac imaging as a cause of chest pain

    PubMed Central

    Erdoğan, Zeynep; Silov, Güler; Özdal, Ayşegül; Turhal, Özgül

    2013-01-01

    Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m MIBI) is considered a diagnostic technique that is widely used for the investigation of suspected coronary artery disease. Incidental inspection of an extracardiac activity is indirect, but important marker, which can identify a potentially treatable non-coronary cause for chest pain that may mimic cardiac symptoms. Here, we present an illustrative case in which significant enterogastroesophageal reflux of Tc-99m MIBI occurred during the cardiac imaging following prompt hepatobiliary clearance. Because, there was normal myocardial perfusion on MPI, presence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) on GER scintigraphy and detection of mild inflammation with pathologically confirmed hyperplastic polyp by endoscopy, in view of the above findings we concluded that the probable cause of chest pain was reflux. PMID:24019679

  3. Comparison of Tc-99m maraciclatide and Tc-99m sestamibi molecular breast imaging in patients with suspected breast cancer.

    PubMed

    O'Connor, Michael K; Morrow, Melissa M B; Hunt, Katie N; Boughey, Judy C; Wahner-Roedler, Dietlind L; Conners, Amy Lynn; Rhodes, Deborah J; Hruska, Carrie B

    2017-12-01

    Molecular breast imaging (MBI) performed with 99m Tc sestamibi has been shown to be a valuable technique for the detection of breast cancer. Alternative radiotracers such as 99m Tc maraciclatide may offer improved uptake in breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare relative performance of 99m Tc sestamibi and 99m Tc maraciclatide in patients with suspected breast cancer, using a high-resolution dedicated gamma camera for MBI. Women with breast lesions suspicious for malignancy were recruited to undergo two MBI examinations-one with 99m Tc sestamibi and one with 99m Tc maraciclatide. A radiologist interpreted MBI studies in a randomized, blinded fashion to assign an assessment score (1-5) and measured lesion size. Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratio was measured with region-of-interest analysis. Among 39 analyzable patients, 21 malignant tumors were identified in 21 patients. Eighteen of 21 tumors (86%) were seen on 99m Tc sestamibi MBI and 19 of 21 (90%) were seen on 99m Tc maraciclatide MBI (p = 1). Tumor extent measured with both radiopharmaceuticals correlated strongly with pathologic size ( 99m Tc sestamibi, r = 0.84; 99m Tc maraciclatide, r = 0.81). The L/B ratio in detected breast cancers was similar for the two radiopharmaceuticals: 1.55 ± 0.36 (mean ± S.D.) for 99m Tc sestamibi and 1.62 ± 0.37 (mean ± S.D.) for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.53). No correlation was found between the L/B ratio and molecular subtype for 99m Tc sestamibi (r s  = 0.12, p = 0.63) or 99m Tc maraciclatide (r s  = -0.12, p = 0.64). Of 20 benign lesions, 10 (50%) were seen on 99m Tc sestamibi and 9 of 20 (45%) were seen on 99m Tc maraciclatide images (p = 0.1). The average L/B ratio for benign lesions was 1.34 ±0.40 (mean ±S.D.) for 99m Tc sestamibi and 1.41 ±0.52 (mean ±S.D.) for 99m Tc maraciclatide (p = 0.75). Overall diagnostic performance was similar for both radiopharmaceuticals. AUC from ROC

  4. Technetium-99m sestamibi scintimammography complements mammography in the detection of breast cancer.

    PubMed

    Krishnaiah, Gayathri; Sher-Ahmed, Arifa; Ugwu-Dike, Martins; Regan, Patricia; Singer, John; Totoonchie, Adil; Spiegler, Ethan; Sardi, Armando

    2003-01-01

    Mammography remains the technique of choice for the detection of early breast cancer. The sensitivity of mammography is 85%, but is decreased in patients with dense breasts. Sestamibi scintimammography (SCM) has been suggested as an adjunctive modality to improve the detection of breast cancer. We conducted a study to determine the impact of SCM in patient management. A prospective study was conducted in 95 patients presenting with palpable masses and/or abnormal mammography scheduled for biopsy. Injection of 20-30 mCi of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) sestamibi into a pedal vein was performed. Ten-minute images of the breast and axilla were obtained in multiple projections. The mammography and SCM were correlated with pathology and clinical findings. The median age was 44 years (range 28-86 years). The total number of lesions was 104, as eight patients had bilateral lesions and one patient had two lesions in the same breast. Fifty-nine patients presented with palpable lesions and 45 patients with nonpalpable lesions (42 with abnormal mammography only and 3 with nipple discharge). A comparison of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of SCM and mammography were performed. The sensitivity and specificity for SCM were 83% and 83%, respectively, and for mammography were 65%, and 72%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for combined SCM and mammography were 87% and 94%, respectively. The p-value for mammography versus combined SCM and mammography was 0.0003 and that for SCM versus SCM and mammography was 0.0098. There were 80 (77%) benign and 24 (23%) malignant lesions. Of the 24 malignancies, SCM missed six (25%), versus eight (33%) by mammography. In two patients (9%) SCM detected malignancy in the breast that was not visualized by mammography or found on clinical examination. Sestamibi SCM improves the sensitivity of mammography and it detects up to 9% of malignancies not detected by mammography or clinical

  5. Comparison of personnel radiation dosimetry from myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: Technetium-99m-sestamibi versus thallium-201

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Culver, C.M.; Dworkin, H.J.

    1993-07-01

    The whole-body and hand radiation doses to our technical staff were retrospectively compared for three distinct 4-mo periods when either 201TI or 99mTc-sestamibi were exclusively used for stress myocardial perfusion imaging. During the initial 4-mo period when 99mTc-sestamibi replaced 201TI, the mean whole-body film badge readings increased from 100 to 450 microSv/mo (p < 0.001) for nuclear medicine technologists (n = 10) and from 240 to 560 microSv/mo (p < 0.05) for radiopharmacy technologists (n = 2). Mean TLD readings to the hands also increased, although the differences were not statistically significant for the nuclear medicine technologists. Noninvasive cardiology staffmore » were monitored with film badges and the mean whole-body film badge reading, when 99mTc-sestamibi was the imaging agent, was 360 microSv per month. Radiation reduction methods that decreased radiation exposure to staff were utilized. The most effective included the use of a lead face shield and lead lined storage container in the noninvasive imaging area, handling spills by shielding instead of decontamination and methods to reduce time spent in close proximity to the patient.« less

  6. Prospective Evaluation of (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Renal Oncocytomas and Hybrid Oncocytic/Chromophobe Tumors.

    PubMed

    Gorin, Michael A; Rowe, Steven P; Baras, Alexander S; Solnes, Lilja B; Ball, Mark W; Pierorazio, Phillip M; Pavlovich, Christian P; Epstein, Jonathan I; Javadi, Mehrbod S; Allaf, Mohamad E

    2016-03-01

    Nuclear imaging offers a potential noninvasive means of determining the histology of renal tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for the differentiation of oncocytomas and hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCTs) from other renal tumor histologies. In total, 50 patients with a solid clinical T1 renal mass were imaged with (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT prior to surgical resection. Preoperative SPECT/CT scans were reviewed by two blinded readers, and their results were compared with centrally reviewed surgical pathology data. Following surgery, 6 (12%) tumors were classified as renal oncocytomas and 2 (4%) as HOCTs. With the exception of 1 (2%) angiomyolipoma, all other tumors were renal cell carcinomas (82%). (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT correctly identified 5 of 6 (83.3%) oncocytomas and 2 of 2 (100%) HOCTs, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 87.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47.4-99.7%). Only two tumors were falsely positive on SPECT/CT, resulting in a specificity of 95.2% (95% CI, 83.8-99.4%). In summary, (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT is a promising imaging test for the noninvasive diagnosis of renal oncocytomas and HOCTs. We found that the imaging test (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT can be used to accurately diagnose two types of benign kidney tumors. This test may be eventually used to help better evaluate patients diagnosed with a renal tumor. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Use of quantitative SPECT/CT reconstruction in 99mTc-sestamibi imaging of patients with renal masses.

    PubMed

    Jones, Krystyna M; Solnes, Lilja B; Rowe, Steven P; Gorin, Michael A; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Fung, George; Frey, Eric C; Allaf, Mohamad E; Du, Yong; Javadi, Mehrbod S

    2018-02-01

    Technetium-99m ( 99m Tc)-sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) has previously been shown to allow for the accurate differentiation of benign renal oncocytomas and hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCTs) apart from other malignant renal tumor histologies, with oncocytomas/HOCTs showing high uptake and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) showing low uptake based on uptake ratios from non-quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) reconstructions. However, in this study, several tumors fell close to the uptake ratio cutoff, likely due to limitations in conventional SPECT/CT reconstruction methods. We hypothesized that application of quantitative SPECT/CT (QSPECT) reconstruction methods developed by our group would provide more robust separation of hot and cold lesions, serving as an imaging framework on which quantitative biomarkers can be validated for evaluation of renal masses with 99m Tc-sestamibi. Single-photon emission computed tomography data were reconstructed using the clinical Flash 3D reconstruction and QSPECT methods. Two blinded readers then characterized each tumor as hot or cold. Semi-quantitative uptake ratios were calculated by dividing lesion activity by background renal activity for both Flash 3D and QSPECT reconstructions. The difference between median (mean) hot and cold tumor uptake ratios measured 0.655 (0.73) with the QSPECT method and 0.624 (0.67) with the conventional method, resulting in increased separation between hot and cold tumors. Sub-analysis of 7 lesions near the separation point showed a higher absolute difference (0.16) between QPSECT and Flash 3D mean uptake ratios compared to the remaining lesions. Our finding of improved separation between uptake ratios of hot and cold lesions using QSPECT reconstruction lays the foundation for additional quantitative SPECT techniques such as SPECT-UV in the setting of renal 99m Tc-sestamibi and other SPECT/CT exams. With robust

  8. Does the Clearance of Inhaled (99m)Tc-Sestamibi Correlate with Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 Expression in the Human Lung?

    PubMed

    Mohan, Hosahalli K; Routledge, Thomas; Cane, Paul; Livieratos, Lefteris; Ballinger, James R; Peters, Adrien M

    2016-09-01

    Purpose To examine the relation between the lung elimination rate of inhaled technetium 99m ((99m)Tc)-sestamibi and immunohistochemical expression of bronchopulmonary multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) and permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and assess the repeatability of the inhaled (99m)Tc-sestamibi clearance technique. Materials and Methods (99m)Tc-sestamibi is a known substrate for P-gp and MRP1, which are established cellular drug efflux transporters. The elimination rate of (99m)Tc-sestamibi from the lungs after inhalation as an aerosol has been hypothesized to be regulated by expression of these transporters. Institutional ethics committee approval was received for this prospective study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The clearance of inhaled (99m)Tc-sestamibi from the lungs of 13 patients due to undergo surgery for primary lung cancer (five of 13) or spontaneous pneumothorax (eight of 13) was estimated after dynamic imaging of the lungs during a period of 40 minutes. The time taken to clear 50% of inhaled sestamibi (T1/2) was compared with a semiquantitative immunohistochemical assessment (grade 0-3) of MRP1 and P-gp expression in the lung by using parametric and nonparametric tests. The study was repeated in five participants to assess the repeatability of the technique by using a Bland Altman analysis method. Results MRP1 expression was seen in 12 of 13 patients, while P-gp expression was seen in only two. The mean (99m)Tc-sestamibi elimination rate was faster in patients (n = 6) with low levels of MRP1 expression (grade 0-1) and mean T1/2 of 105 minutes ± 20 (standard deviation), compared with those with higher levels of MRP1 expression (grade 2-3, n = 7) and mean T1/2 of 149 minutes ± 28 (P = .008). Bland-Altman analysis revealed excellent agreement between test and retest values. Conclusion Inhaled (99m)Tc-sestamibi clearance study is a repeatable technique demonstrating significant correlation with MRP1 expression in

  9. A prospective evaluation of preoperative localization by technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasonography in primary hyperparathyroidism.

    PubMed

    Lo, Chung-Yau; Lang, Brian H; Chan, W F; Kung, Annie W C; Lam, Karen S L

    2007-02-01

    Ultrasonography (USG) and technetium-99m sestamibi (MIBI) scintigraphy are commonly used imaging modalities in the era of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). However, their relative importance and actual contribution to MIP have not been prospectively assessed. A total of 100 consecutive pHPT patients planning for MIP were recruited. Both USG and MIBI findings were correlated with intraoperative findings and postoperative outcome. Clinicopathologic factors were examined for potential association with a correct localizing result. Thirty men and 70 women (age range 13 to 93 years [median 55.5]) were included in the study. The final pathology included 98 patients with solitary adenoma and 2 patients with multiglandular disease. The sensitivities, accuracies, and positive predicted values for USG and MIBI alone were 57% vs 89%, 56% vs 85%, and 97% vs 94%, respectively. Correctly localized adenomas were significantly heavier than incorrectly localized ones. MIBI is preferred over USG in pHPT patients planning for MIP. Weight of adenoma appeared to be the only clinicopathologic factor determining localization accuracy.

  10. Comparison of LDPI to SPECT perfusion imaging using (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate in a murine ischemic hind limb model of neovascularization.

    PubMed

    Hendrikx, Geert; Vries, Mark H; Bauwens, Matthias; De Saint-Hubert, Marijke; Wagenaar, Allard; Guillaume, Joël; Boonen, Levinia; Post, Mark J; Mottaghy, Felix M

    2016-12-01

    We aimed to determine the accuracy of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) in an animal model for hind limb ischemia. We used a murine (C57Bl/6 mice) ischemic hind limb model in which we compared LDPI with the clinically used (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT perfusion imaging (n = 7). In addition, we used the SPECT tracer (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate ((99m)Tc-PyP) to image muscular damage (n = 6). LDPI indicated a quick and prominent decrease in perfusion immediately after ligation, subsequently recovering to 21.9 and 25.2 % 14 days later in the (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (99m)Tc-PyP group, respectively. (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT scans also showed a quick decrease in perfusion. However, nearly full recovery was reached 7 days post ligation. Muscular damage, indicated by the uptake of (99m)Tc-PyP, was highest at day 3 and recovered to baseline levels at day 14 post ligation. Postmortem histology supported these findings, as a significantly increased collateral diameter was found 7 and 14 days after ligation and peak macrophage infiltration and TUNEL positivity was found on day 3 after ligation. Here, we indicate that LDPI strongly underestimates perfusion recovery in a hind limb model for profound ischemia.

  11. Evaluation of (99)  (m)TcN-MPO as a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent in normal dogs and in an acute myocardial infarction canine model: comparison with (99)  (m)Tc-sestamibi.

    PubMed

    Bu, Lihong; Li, Renfei; Jin, Zhongnan; Wen, Xiaofei; Liu, Shuang; Yang, Baofeng; Shen, Baozhong; Chen, Xiaoyuan

    2011-02-01

    (99)  (m)TcN-MPO ([(99)  (m)TcN(mpo)(PNP5)](+): mpo = 2-mercaptopyridine oxide and PNP5 = N-ethoxyethyl-N,N-bis[2-(bis(3-methoxypropyl)phosphino)ethyl]amine) is a cationic (99)  (m)Tc-nitrido complex, which has favorable biodistribution and myocardial uptake with rapid liver clearance in Sprague Dawley rats. The objective of this study was to compare the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of (99)  (m)TcN-MPO and (99)  (m)Tc-Sestamibi in normal dogs, and to evaluate the potential of (99)  (m)TcN-MPO as a myocardial perfusion agent in canines with acute myocardial infarction. Five normal mongrel dogs were injected intravenously with (99)  (m)TcN-MPO. Venous blood samples were collected via a femoral vein catheter at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90 min post-injection (p.i.). Anterior-posterior planar images were acquired by γ-camera at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min p.i. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the heart, liver, and lungs. The heart/liver and heart/lung ratios were calculated by dividing the mean counts in heart ROI by the mean counts in the liver and lung ROI, respectively. For comparison, (99)  (m)Tc-sestamibi was also evaluated in the same five dogs. The interval period between the two examinations was 1 week to eliminate possible interference between these two radiotracers. In addition, single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) images in the canine infarct model were collected 24 h after myocardial infarction at 30 and 60 min after the administration of (99)  (m)TcN-MPO (n = 4) or (99)  (m)Tc-Sestamibi (n = 4). It was found that (99)  (m)TcN-MPO and (99)  (m)Tc-Sestamibi displayed very similar blood clearance characteristics during the first 90 min p.i. Both (99)  (m)TcN-MPO and (99)  (m)Tc-Sestamibi had a rapid blood clearance with less than 50% of initial radioactivity remaining at 1 min and less than 5% at 30 min p.i. (99)  (m)TcN-MPO and (99)  (m)Tc-Sestamibi both showed good

  12. Evaluation of the biliary and brain distribution of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi in healthy dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype genotype before and after treatment with spinosad.

    PubMed

    MacKay, Christopher S; Mattoon, John S; Roberts, Gregory D; Tucker, Russell L; Morimoto, Trevor R; Mealey, Katrina L

    2012-06-01

    To determine whether the reported drug-drug interaction between the flea medication spinosad and ivermectin is attributable to inhibition of P-glycoprotein by spinosad. 6 healthy adult dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype genotype. The study was conducted as a prospective, masked, randomized crossover design. Six dogs were allocated to 2 groups; each dog served as its own control animal. Dogs in one of the groups received spinosad at the manufacturer's recommended dose; the other group received no treatment. Forty-eight hours later, scintigraphic imaging of the head and abdomen were performed with the radiolabeled P-glycoprotein substrate methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) in both groups of dogs. After a washout period of 60 days, the dogs in each group received the alternate treatment, and scintigraphic imaging again was performed 48 hours later. Gallbladder-to-liver and brain-to-neck musculature ratios of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi were calculated for each dog and compared between treatments. No significant differences in gallbladder-to-liver or brain-to-neck musculature ratios were found between treatments. Results provided evidence that spinosad did not inhibit P-glycoprotein function 48 hours after spinosad was administered at the manufacturer's recommended dose. Further investigations will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism of the reported toxic interaction between spinosad and ivermectin.

  13. Technetium-99m NGA functional hepatic imaging: preliminary clinical experience

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stadalnik, R.C.; Vera, D.R.; Woodle, E.S.

    1985-11-01

    Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin ( (Tc)NGA) is a radiolabeled ligand to hepatic binding protein, a receptor which resides at the plasma membrane of hepatocytes. This receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical and its kinetic model provide a noninvasive method for the assessment of liver function. Eighteen patients were studied: seven with hepatoma, eight with liver metastases, four with cirrhosis, and one patient with acute fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. Technetium-99m NGA liver imaging provided anatomic information of diagnostic quality comparable to that obtained with other routine imaging modalities, including computed tomography, angiography, ultrasound, and (Tc)sulfur colloid scintigraphy. Kinetic modeling of dynamic (Tc)NGA data produced estimates of standardizedmore » hepatic blood flow, Q (hepatic blood flow divided by total blood volume), and hepatic binding protein concentration, (HBP). Significant rank correlation was obtained between (HBP) estimates and CTC scores. This correlation supports the hypothesis that (HBP) is a measure of functional hepatocyte mass. The combination of decreased Q and markedly reduced (HBP) may have prognostic significance; all three patients with this combination died of hepatic failure within 6 wk of imaging.« less

  14. Evaluation of lymphoma in a cat using 99mTc-sestamibi.

    PubMed

    Lenard, Zoe M; Zuber, Richard M; Nicoll, Robert G; O'Hara, Amanda J; Lester, Nola V

    2005-01-01

    This report describes the evaluation of cutaneous lymphoma in a cat using 99mTc-sestamibi. A mass in the left pes with extension to the left popliteal lymph node was diagnosed as B-cell lymphoma. Thoracic and abdominal radiography and abdominal ultrasound were unremarkable. Scintigraphy using 99mTc-sestamibi confirmed the lesion was confined to the left hind leg, and the leg was amputated. The cat made a full recovery.

  15. 99M-Technetium labeled tin colloid radiopharmaceuticals

    DOEpatents

    Winchell, Harry S.; Barak, Morton; Van Fleet, III, Parmer

    1976-07-06

    An improved 99m-technetium labeled tin(II) colloid, size-stabilized for reticuloendothelial organ imaging without the use of macromolecular stabilizers and a packaged tin base reagent and an improved method for making it are disclosed.

  16. Technetium-99m: basic nuclear physics and chemical properties.

    PubMed

    Castronovo, F P

    1975-05-01

    The nuclear physics and chemical properties of technetium-99m are reviewed. The review of basic nuclear physics includes: classification of nuclides, nuclear stability, production of radionuclides, artificial production of molybdenum-99, production of technetium 99m and -99Mo-99mTc generators. The discussion of the chemistry of technetium includes a profile of several -99mCc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.

  17. Technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging for detecting prosthetic joint infection in a rabbit model.

    PubMed

    Tang, Cheng; Wang, Feng; Hou, Yanjie; Lu, Shanshan; Tian, Wei; Xu, Yan; Jin, Chengzhe; Wang, Liming

    2015-05-01

    Accurate and timely diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection is essential to initiate early treatment and achieve a favorable outcome. In this study, we used a rabbit model to assess the feasibility of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V for detecting prosthetic joint infection. Right knee arthroplasty was performed on 24 New Zealand rabbits. After surgery, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus was intra-articularly injected to create a model of prosthetic joint infection (the infected group, n = 12). Rabbits in the control group were injected with sterile saline (n = 12). Seven and 21 days after surgery, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging was performed in 6 rabbits of each group. Images were acquired 1 and 4 hours after injection of technetium-99m-labeled annexin V (150 MBq). The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios were calculated for quantitative analysis. Seven days after surgery, increased technetium-99m-labeled annexin V uptake was observed in all cases. However, at 21 days a notable decrease was found in the control group, but not in the infected group. The operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the infected group were 1.84 ± 0.29 in the early phase and 2.19 ± 0.34 in the delay phase, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02). The receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that the operated-to-normal-knee activity ratios of the delay phase at 21 days was the best indicator, with an accuracy of 80%. In conclusion, technetium-99m-labeled annexin V imaging could effectively distinguish an infected prosthetic joint from an uninfected prosthetic joint in a rabbit model.

  18. Highly specific preoperative selection of solitary parathyroid adenoma cases in primary hyperparathyroidism by quantitative image analysis of the early-phase Technetium-99m sestamibi scan.

    PubMed

    Kim, DaeHee; Rhodes, Jeffrey A; Hashim, Jeffrey A; Rickabaugh, Lawrence; Brams, David M; Pinkus, Edward; Dou, Yamin

    2018-06-07

    Highly specific preoperative localizing test is required to select patients for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in lieu of traditional four-gland exploration. We hypothesized that Tc-99m sestamibi scan interpretation incorporating numerical measurements on the degree of asymmetrical activity from bilateral thyroid beds can be useful in localizing single adenoma for MIP. We devised a quantitative interpretation method for Tc-99m sestamibi scan based on the numerically graded asymmetrical activity on early phase. The numerical ratio value of each scan was obtained by dividing the number of counts from symmetrically drawn regions of interest (ROI) over bilateral thyroid beds. The final pathology and clinical outcome of 109 patients were used to perform receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to be 0.71 (P = 0.0032), validating this method as a diagnostic tool. The optimal cut-off point for the ratio value with maximal combined sensitivity and specificity was found with corresponding sensitivity of 67.9% (56.5-77.2%, 95% CI) and specificity of 75.0% (52.8-91.8%, 95% CI). An additional higher cut-off with higher specificity with minimal possible sacrifice on sensitivity was also selected, yielding sensitivity of 28.6% (18.8-38.6%, 95% CI) and specificity of 90.0% (69.6-98.8%, 95% CI). Our results demonstrated that the more asymmetrical activity on the initial phase, the more successful it is to localize a single parathyroid adenoma on sestamibi scans. Using early-phase Tc-99m sestamibi scan only, we were able to select patients for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with 90% specificity. © 2018 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.

  19. Identification of Hürthle cell tumor by single-injection, double-phase scintigraphy with technetium-99m-sestamibi.

    PubMed

    Vattimo, A; Bertelli, P; Cintorino, M; Burroni, L; Volterrani, D; Vella, A

    1995-05-01

    Early and late (double-phase) scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI was used in a comparative study of the scintigraphic aspects of Hürthle cell tumors and other thyroid tumors. Single-injection, dual-phase (15-30 min and 3-4 hr) thyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) was performed on 41 patients who displayed a cold nodule on previous 99mTc scintigraphy. Visual scoring of nodular uptake was done to compare thyroidal and background tracer uptake. In addition, the nodular-to-thyroid (N/T) uptake ratio in the early and late images and the washout rate from the nodule (WON) and thyroidal tissue (WOT) were measured. Cytologic results were obtained for all patients; histopathologic results were obtained for the 20 patients who had surgery. In eight patients (Group A), the nodule displayed intense and persistent uptake of MIBI (N/T = 1.77 +/- 0.46 and 3.20 +/- 1.37; WON = 17.2% +/- 6.3%; WOT = 24.6% +/- 7.5%); histopathology revealed Hürthle cell tumors (two carcinomas and three adenomas) in five surgical patients. In 15 patients (Group B), the nodule displayed intense uptake in the early image with fading activity in the late image (N/T = 1.45 +/- 0.54 and 0.84 +/- 0.30; WON = 30.0% +/- 7.3%; WOT = 24.5% +/- 6.8%); histopathology revealed a colloid nodule (n = 1), papillary carcinoma (n = 4) and follicular carcinoma (n = 5) in 10 surgical patients. In the remaining 18 patients (Group C), the nodule was cold and late images were not acquired. Histopathology revealed colloid nodules (n = 2) and follicular adenoma (n = 3) in five surgical patients. Single-injection, dual-phase MIBI scintigraphy of the thyroid can identify Hürthle cell tumors because these tumors have intense, persistent tracer uptake in contrast to other thyroid tumors.

  20. Identification of Warthin tumor: magnetic resonance imaging versus salivary scintigraphy with technetium-99m pertechnetate.

    PubMed

    Motoori, Ken; Ueda, Takuya; Uchida, Yoshitaka; Chazono, Hideaki; Suzuki, Homare; Ito, Hisao

    2005-01-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate scintigraphy and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor. Sixteen cases of Warthin tumor and 17 cases of non-Warthin tumor were examined by Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy with lemon juice stimulation and MR imaging, including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, short inversion time inversion recovery, diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced dynamic images. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. The mean area under the ROC curves of MR imaging in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (0.97) was higher than that of Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy (0.88). Magnetic resonance imaging is more useful in the evaluation of Warthin tumor than Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy.

  1. The presence of sodium nitrate in generator eluate decreases the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-sestamibi.

    PubMed

    Métayé, Thierry; Rosenberg, Thierry; Guilhot, Joëlle; Bouin-Pineau, Marie-Hélène; Perdrisot, Rémy

    2012-09-01

    A high radiochemical purity (RCP) is recommended for radiopharmaceutical compounds used in the clinical practice of nuclear medicine. However, some preparations of (99m)Tc-sestamibi contain excess impurities (>6%). To understand the origin of these impurities, we investigated the effect of sodium nitrate on the RCP of sestamibi preparations by testing eluates from 3 commercially available (99m)Tc generators. The sestamibi kits (Stamicis) were reconstituted with (99m)Tc eluate from nitrate-containing wet-column (NCWC), nitrate-free wet-column (NFWC), and nitrate-free dry-column (NFDC) generators. Sodium nitrate was 0.05 mg/mL in eluates from the NCWC generators. The RCP was determined using aluminum oxide sheets as the stationary phase and absolute ethanol as the mobile phase. Succimer, tetrofosmin, oxidronate, exametazine, albumin nanocolloid, and soluble albumin were also tested for their RCP values with eluates from the 3 different (99m)Tc generators. The RCP assessment of (99m)Tc-sestamibi was performed on 127 Stamicis preparations. Significantly lower RCP values were found for Stamicis kits prepared with the NCWC generator than for Stamicis prepared with the NFWC (P < 0.0001) and NFDC (P < 0.0001) generators. The number of Stamicis preparations with an RCP under 94% was greater with the NCWC generator (32 of 53 kits) than with the NFDC (2 of 51 kits) or NFWC (0 of 23 kits) generator. Furthermore, the addition of a 0.05 mg/mL concentration of nitrate in NFWC generator eluates significantly decreased the RCP of the Stamicis preparation. In the absence of nitrate in (99m)Tc eluate, no difference was observed between the RCP values of Stamicis kits prepared with the NFWC and NFDC generators. The (99m)Tc impurities generated by nitrates did not modify the quality of myocardial imaging (normal heart-to-lung ratio, 2.2), probably because these impurities are not in the heart field of view. No other tested (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceutical interfered with nitrates. We

  2. Diagnostic accuracy of 3T magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative localisation of parathyroid adenomas: comparison with ultrasound and 99mTc-sestamibi scans.

    PubMed

    Argirò, Renato; Diacinti, Daniele; Sacconi, Beatrice; Iannarelli, Angelo; Diacinti, Davide; Cipriani, Cristiana; Pisani, Daniela; Romagnoli, Elisabetta; Biffoni, Marco; Di Gioia, Cira; Pepe, Jessica; Bezzi, Mario; Letizia, Claudio; Minisola, Salvatore; Catalano, Carlo

    2018-05-07

    To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 3TMRI in comparison with ultrasound (US) and 99mTc-sestamibi scan for presurgical localisation of parathyroid adenomas (PTAs) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Fifty-seven patients affected by PHPT were prospectively enrolled and underwent US, 99mTc-sestamibi and 3TMRI. T2-weighted and post-contrast T1-weighted Iterative decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation (IDEAL) sequences were acquired. Diagnostic performance of US, 99mTc-sestamibi and MRI in localising PTAs to correct quadrant were compared according to surgical and pathological findings. According to surgical findings, US correctly localised 41/46 PTAs (sensitivity of 89.1%; specificity 97.5%; PPV 93.1% and NPV 95.6%); 99mTc-sestamibi correctly localised 38/46 PTAs (sensitivity 83.6%, specificity 98.3%, PPV 95% and NPV 93.7%). US and 99mTc-sestamibi combined had a sensitivity of 93.4% (43/46 PTAs), specificity of 98.3%, PPV 95% and NPV 98.3%. MRI correctly localised 45/46 PTAs (sensitivity 97.8%; specificity 97.5%; PPV 93.7% and NPV 99.2%). MRI was able to detect six adenomas missed by 99mTc-sestamibi and two adenomas missed by US. MRI and US were able to detect all enlarged parathyroid glands in patients with multiglandular disease. MRI identified six of seven ectopic adenomas. Our study demonstrated high diagnostic performance of 3T MRI in the preoperative PTAs quadrant localisation, as well as in patients with multiglandular disease and ectopic PTAs. MRI may be preferred to adequately select patient candidates for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP). • PTA(s) quadrant localisation by 3TMRI was more accurate than US+99mTc-sestamibi. • MRI identified all enlarged glands in multiglandular disease similarly to US. • MRI identified 6/7 ectopic PTAs similarly to 99mTc-sestamibi. • Presurgical PTA(s) localisation by 3TMRI select the optimal candidates for MIP.

  3. Images of liposarcoma using technetium-99m bleomycin and technetium (V)-99m DMSA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ohta, H.; Shane, F.I.; Endo, K.

    1986-12-01

    The effectiveness of Tc-99m bleomycin (BLM) and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are compared with that of Ga-67 citrate, which is currently the most widely used agent. In four patients with lipomatous tumors, the clinical significance of tumor imaging with each of these three agents is discussed and compared. Results indicate that both Tc-99m BLM and Tc(V)-99m DMSA are superior in detecting the extension or localization of liposarcomas.

  4. Comparison of technetium-99m-HMPAO and technetium-99m-ECD cerebral SPECT images in Alzheimer`s disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dyck, C.H. van; Lin, C.H.; Smith, E.O.

    1996-11-01

    SPECT has shown increasing promise as a diagnostic tool in Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Recently, a new SPECT brain perfusion agent, {sup 99m}Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer ({sup 99m}Tc-ECD) has emerged with purported advantages in image quality over the established tracer, {sup 99m}Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO). This research aimed to compare cerebral images for ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO). This research aimed to compare cerebral images for {sup 99}mTc-HMPAO and {sup 99m}Tc-ECD in discriminating patients with AD form control subjects. 51 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.

  5. Soft-tissue sarcoma: imaged with technetium-99m pyrophosphate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Blatt, C.J.; Hayt, D.B.; Desai, M.

    1977-11-01

    A liposarcoma showed intense concentration of technetium-99m pyrophosphate. An angiogram demonstrated a highly vascular lesion, and it is suggested that blood flow played a major role in allowing the tumor to be demonstrated on scintiphotography. There was some histologic evidence of calcification which probably also contributed to bone-tracer disposition. Quantitative analysis of the specimen demonstrated that this calcification was located primarily in the areas of hemorrhage and necrosis.

  6. Adsorption of 99mTc-sestamibi onto plastic syringes: evaluation of factors affecting the degree of adsorption and their impact on clinical studies.

    PubMed

    Swanson, Tiffinee N; Troung, Duong T; Paulsen, Andrew; Hruska, Carrie B; O'Connor, Michael K

    2013-12-01

    The purpose of this study was to document the extent of adhesion of (99m)Tc-sestamibi to syringes in patient procedures, determine factors that influence the degree of adhesion, and evaluate alternatives to our current practice that would either result in a more reproducible degree of adhesion or, ideally, eliminate adhesion. The extent of adhesion was documented in 216 patient procedures and evaluated in detail in an additional 73 patient procedures. We evaluated the nature of the adhesion and its possible causes, including the location of adhesion in injection sets, the effect of syringe type, and the effect of prerinsing of syringes with various solutions of nonradiolabeled sestamibi and (99m)Tc-sestamibi. The extent of adhesion was reevaluated in 50 procedures performed using the syringe type that demonstrated the lowest adhesion rate. The degree of adhesion of (99m)Tc-sestamibi to the injection set was found to be 20.1% ± 8.0%, with a range (10th-90th percentiles) of 9%-31%. The primary cause of adhesion appeared to be the lubricant used inside the syringe barrel. Evaluation of 6 different syringe types identified a brand with a lower adhesion rate. Reevaluation in patient procedures using this brand showed a 5.2% ± 2.5% degree of adhesion, with a range (10th-90th percentiles) of 2.5%-7.7%. Selection of the appropriate type of syringe can significantly reduce the magnitude and variability of residual (99m)Tc-sestamibi activity. With more reproducible residual activities, we have been able to achieve an approximately 20% reduction in the dispensed dose of (99m)Tc-sestamibi used in clinical procedures and a more consistent injected dose with less interpatient variation. The frequent changes in syringe design by manufacturers require that a quality control program for monitoring of residual activity be incorporated into clinical practice. This program has allowed us to maintain image quality and achieve more consistent injected patient doses in clinical

  7. Validation of early image acquisitions following Tc-99 m sestamibi injection using a semiconductors camera of cadmium-zinc-telluride.

    PubMed

    Meyer, Celine; Weinmann, Pierre

    2017-08-01

    Cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) cameras allow to decrease significantly the acquisition time of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), but the duration of the examination is still long. Therefore, this study was performed to test the feasibility of early imaging following injection of Tc-99 m sestamibi using a CZT camera. Seventy patients underwent both an early and a delayed image acquisition after exercise stress test (n = 30), dipyridamole stress test (n = 20), and at rest (n = 20). After injection of Tc-99 m sestamibi, the early image acquisition started on average within 5 minutes for the exercise and rest groups, and 3 minutes 30 seconds for the dipyridamole group. Two independent observers evaluated image quality and extracardiac uptake on four-point scales. The difference between early and later images for each patient was scored on a five-point scale. The image quality and extracardiac uptake of early and delayed image acquisitions were not different for the three groups (P > .05). There was no significant difference between early and delayed image acquisitions in the exercise, dipyridamole, and rest groups, respectively, in 63%, 40%, and 80% of cases. In the exercise group and rest group, a defect was only present in early MPI, respectively, in 13% and 20% of cases. A defect was only present in delayed images in 10% of cases in the exercise group and in 45% of cases in the dipyridamole group. There was no difference between early and later image acquisitions in terms of quality. This protocol reduces the length of the procedure for the patient. Beginning with early image acquisitions may help to overcome the artifacts that are observed at the delayed time.

  8. Accelerator Generation and Thermal Separation (AGATS) of Technetium-99m

    ScienceCinema

    Grover, Blaine

    2018-05-01

    Accelerator Generation and Thermal Separation (AGATS) of Technetium-99m is a linear electron accelerator-based technology for producing medical imaging radioisotopes from a separation process that heats, vaporizes and condenses the desired radioisotope. You can learn more about INL's education programs at http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

  9. Biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi in wild-type dogs and in dogs with intrinsic (ABCB1-1Delta mutation) and extrinsic (ketoconazole treated) P-glycoprotein deficiency.

    PubMed

    Coelho, J C; Tucker, R; Mattoon, J; Roberts, G; Waiting, D K; Mealey, K L

    2009-10-01

    P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the product of ABCB1 gene, is thought to play a role in the biliary excretion of a variety of drugs, but specific studies in dogs have not been performed. Because a number of endogenous (ABCB1 polymorphisms) and exogenous (pharmacological P-gp inhibition) factors can interfere with normal P-gp function, a better understanding of P-gp's role in biliary drug excretion is crucial in preventing adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions in dogs. The objectives of this study were to compare biliary excretion of technetium-99m-sestamibi ((99m)Tc-MIBI), a radio-labelled P-gp substrate, in wild-type dogs (ABCB1 wild/wild), and dogs with intrinsic and extrinsic deficiencies in P-gp function. Dogs with intrinsic P-gp deficiency included ABCB1 mut/mut dogs, and dogs with presumed intermediate P-gp phenotype (ABCB1 mut/wild). Dogs with extrinsic P-gp deficiency were considered to be ABCB1 wild/wild dogs treated with the P-gp inhibitor ketoconazole (5 mg/kg PO q12h x 9 doses). Results from this study indicate that ABCB1 mut/mut dogs have significantly decreased biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI compared with ABCB1 wild/wild dogs. Treatment with ketoconazole significantly decreased biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI in ABCB1 wild/wild dogs. P-gp appears to play an important role in the biliary excretion of (99m)Tc-MIBI in dogs. It is likely that concurrent administration of a P-gp inhibitor such as ketoconazole will decrease P-gp-mediated biliary excretion of other substrate drugs as well.

  10. Importance of methodology on (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphic image quality: imaging pilot study for RIVUR (Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux) multicenter investigation.

    PubMed

    Ziessman, Harvey A; Majd, Massoud

    2009-07-01

    We reviewed our experience with (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy obtained during an imaging pilot study for a multicenter investigation (Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux) of the effectiveness of daily antimicrobial prophylaxis for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection and renal scarring. We analyzed imaging methodology and its relation to diagnostic image quality. (99m)Technetium dimercapto-succinic acid imaging guidelines were provided to participating sites. High-resolution planar imaging with parallel hole or pinhole collimation was required. Two core reviewers evaluated all submitted images. Analysis included appropriate views, presence or lack of patient motion, adequate magnification, sufficient counts and diagnostic image quality. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated. We evaluated 70, (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid studies from 14 institutions. Variability was noted in methodology and image quality. Correlation (r value) between dose administered and patient age was 0.780. For parallel hole collimator imaging good correlation was noted between activity administered and counts (r = 0.800). For pinhole imaging the correlation was poor (r = 0.110). A total of 10 studies (17%) were rejected for quality issues of motion, kidney overlap, inadequate magnification, inadequate counts and poor quality images. The submitting institution was informed and provided with recommendations for improving quality, and resubmission of another study was required. Only 4 studies (6%) were judged differently by the 2 reviewers, and the differences were minor. Methodology and image quality for (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy varied more than expected between institutions. The most common reason for poor image quality was inadequate count acquisition with insufficient attention to the tradeoff between administered dose, length of image acquisition, start time of imaging and resulting image

  11. A Multimodal Imaging Protocol, (123)I/(99)Tc-Sestamibi, SPECT, and SPECT/CT, in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Adds Limited Benefit for Preoperative Localization.

    PubMed

    Lee, Grace S; McKenzie, Travis J; Mullan, Brian P; Farley, David R; Thompson, Geoffrey B; Richards, Melanie L

    2016-03-01

    Focused parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism (1°HPT) is possible with accurate preoperative localization and intraoperative PTH monitoring (IOPTH). The added benefit of multimodal imaging techniques for operative success is unknown. Patients with 1°HPT, who underwent parathyroidectomy in 2012-2014 at a single institution, were retrospectively reviewed. Only the patients who underwent the standardized multimodal imaging workup consisting of (123)I/(99)Tc-sestamibi subtraction scintigraphy, SPECT, and SPECT/CT were assessed. Of 360 patients who were identified, a curative operation was performed in 96%, using pre-operative imaging and IOPTH. Imaging analysis showed that (123)I/(99)Tc-sestamibi had a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI 82-90%), positive predictive value (PPV) 93%, and accuracy 81%, based on correct lateralization. SPECT had a sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 72-82%), PPV 92% and accuracy 72%. SPECT/CT had a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI 70-80%), PPV of 94%, and accuracy 71%. There were 3 of 45 (7%) patients with negative sestamibi imaging that had an accurate SPECT and SPECT/CT. Of 312 patients (87%) with positive uptake on sestamibi (93% true positive, 7% false positive), concordant findings were present in 86% SPECT and 84% SPECT/CT. In cases where imaging modalities were discordant, but at least one method was true-positive, (123)I/(99)Tc-sestamibi was significantly better than both SPECT and SPECT/CT (p < 0.001). The inclusion of SPECT and SPECT/CT in 1°HPT imaging protocol increases patient cost up to 2.4-fold. (123)I/(99)Tc-sestamibi subtraction imaging is highly sensitive for preoperative localization in 1°HPT. SPECT and SPECT/CT are commonly concordant with (123)I/(99)Tc-sestamibi and rarely increase the sensitivity. Routine inclusion of multimodality imaging technique adds minimal clinical benefit but increases cost to patient in high-volume setting.

  12. Imaging experimental intraabdominal abscesses with 99mTc-PEG liposomes and 99mTc-HYNIC IgG.

    PubMed Central

    Dams, E T; Reijnen, M M; Oyen, W J; Boerman, O C; Laverman, P; Storm, G; van der Meer, J W; Corstens, F H; van Goor, H

    1999-01-01

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m-labeled polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (99mTc-PEG liposomes) and technetium-99m-labeled nonspecific human immunoglobulin G (99mTc-HYNIC IgG) for the scintigraphic detection of experimental intraabdominal abscesses in comparison with that of a standard agent, gallium-67 citrate. BACKGROUND: Scintigraphic imaging techniques can be very useful for the rapid and accurate localization of intraabdominal abscesses. Two newly developed radiolabeled agents, 99mTc-PEG liposomes and 99mTc-HYNIC IgG, have shown to be excellent agents for imaging experimental focal infection, but have not yet been studied in the detection of abdominal abscesses. METHODS: Intraabdominal abscesses were induced in 42 rats using the cecal ligation and puncture technique. Seven days later, randomized groups of rats received 99mTc-PEG liposomes, 99mTc-HYNIC IgG, or 67Ga citrate intravenously. The rats were imaged up to 24 hours after the injection. The biodistribution of the radiolabel was determined by counting dissected tissues ex vivo. Macroscopic intraabdominal abnormalities and focal uptake on the images were independently scored on a semiquantitative scale. RESULTS: 99mTc-PEG liposomes provided the earliest scintigraphic visualization of the abscess (as soon as 2 hours after the injection vs. 4 hours for the other two agents). Liposomes, IgG, and gallium all showed similarly high absolute uptake in the abscess. Focal uptake of liposomes and gallium correlated best with the extent of the macroscopic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: 99mTc-PEG liposomes and 99mTc-HYNIC IgG performed at least as well as the standard agent, 67Ga citrate, in the detection of experimental intraabdominal abscesses, with obvious advantages such as lower radiation exposure and more favorable physical properties. Of the two technetium agents, the liposomes seemed to be superior, providing the earliest diagnostic image and the best correlation with the inflammatory

  13. Transglutaminase-mediated conjugation and nitride-technetium-99m labelling of a bis(thiosemicarbazone) bifunctional chelator.

    PubMed

    Salvarese, Nicola; Spolaore, Barbara; Marangoni, Selena; Pasin, Anna; Galenda, Alessandro; Tamburini, Sergio; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Refosco, Fiorenzo; Bolzati, Cristina

    2018-06-01

    An assessment study involving the use of the transglutaminase (TGase) conjugation method and the nitride-technetium-99m labelling on a bis(thiosemicarbazone) (BTS) bifunctional chelating agent is presented. The previously described chelator diacetyl-2-(N 4 -methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-(N 4 -amino-3-thiosemicarbazone), H 2 ATSM/A, has been functionalized with 6-aminohexanoic acid (ε-Ahx) to generate the bifunctional chelating agent diacetyl-2-(N 4 -methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)-3-[N 4 -(amino)-(6-aminohexanoic acid)-3-thiosemicarbazone], H 2 ATSM/A-ε-Ahx (1), suitable for conjugation to glutamine (Gln) residues of bioactive molecules via TGase. The feasibility of the TGase reaction in the synthesis of a bioconjugate derivative was investigated using Substance P (SP) as model peptide. Compounds 1 and H 2 ATSM/A-ε-Ahx-SP (2) were labelled with nitride-technetium-99m, obtaining the complexes [ 99m Tc][Tc(N)(ATSM/A-ε-Ahx)] ( 99m Tc1) and [ 99m Tc][Tc(N)(ATSM/A-ε-Ahx-SP)] ( 99m Tc2). The chemical identity of 99m Tc1 and 99m Tc2 was confirmed by radio/UV-RP-HPLC combined with ESI-MS analysis on the respective carrier-added products 99g/99m Tc1 and 99g/99m Tc2. The stability of the radiolabelled complexes after incubation in various environments was investigated. All the results were compared with those obtained for the corresponding 64 Cu-analogues, 64 Cu1 and 64 Cu2. The TGase reaction allows the conjugation of 1 with the peptide, but it is not highly efficient due to instability of the chelator in the required conditions. The SP-conjugated complexes are unstable in mouse and human sera. However, indeed the BTS system can be exploited as nitride-technetium-99m chelator for highly efficient technetium labelling, thus making compound 1 worthy of further investigations for new targeted technetium and copper radiopharmaceuticals encompassing Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography imaging. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights

  14. Radionuclide Basics: Technetium-99

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Technetium-99 (chemical symbol Tc-99) is a silver-gray, radioactive metal. It occurs naturally in very small amounts in the earth's crust, but is primarily man-made. Technetium-99m is a short-lived form of Tc-99 that is used as a medical diagnostic tool.

  15. Periarticular uptake of /sup 99m/technetium diphosphonate in psoriatics. Correlation with cutaneous activity

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Namey, T.C.; Rosenthall, L.

    1976-01-01

    The periarticular uptake of /sup 99m/technetium-labeled diphosphonate (/sup 99m/TcDP) was compared in 12 patients hospitalized for psoriasis and in 12 hospitalized for other dermatoses not associated with arthropathy. The 12 patients with psoriasis had recent onset disease of less than 5 years duration; neither group had historical or clinical evidence of arthritis. All psoriatics had markedly abnormal scans with symmetrically increased periarticular uptake about the imaged joints. None of the controls had similar findings. In 4 patients scanned with /sup 99m/technetium-pertechnetate within 24 hours of their /sup 99m/TcDP scan, no evidence of inflammatory synovitis was found. Three of these patientsmore » were serially imaged with /sup 99m/TcDP at intervals of 2 weeks to 3 months after their initial study, when obvious clinical improvement in their psoriasis was apparent. Improvement in the radionuclide joint images was demonstrated in some of the patients, but none reverted to normal during the study period. In light of recent evidence for the preferential binding of /sup 99m/TcDP to immature collagen, it is suggested that psoriasis may represent a generalized, but uncharacterized, collagen disorder present in bone as well as skin, linking the cutaneous disease with the potential for arthropathy.« less

  16. Initial In Vivo Quantification of Tc-99m Sestamibi Uptake as a Function of Tissue Type in Healthy Breasts Using Dedicated Breast SPECT-CT

    PubMed Central

    Mann, Steve D.; Perez, Kristy L.; McCracken, Emily K. E.; Shah, Jainil P.; Wong, Terence Z.; Tornai, Martin P.

    2012-01-01

    A pilot study is underway to quantify in vivo the uptake and distribution of Tc-99m Sestamibi in subjects without previous history of breast cancer using a dedicated SPECT-CT breast imaging system. Subjects undergoing diagnostic parathyroid imaging studies were consented and imaged as part of this IRB-approved breast imaging study. For each of the seven subjects, one randomly selected breast was imaged prone-pendant using the dedicated, compact breast SPECT-CT system underneath the shielded patient support. Iteratively reconstructed and attenuation and/or scatter corrected images were coregistered; CT images were segmented into glandular and fatty tissue by three different methods; the average concentration of Sestamibi was determined from the SPECT data using the CT-based segmentation and previously established quantification techniques. Very minor differences between the segmentation methods were observed, and the results indicate an average image-based in vivo Sestamibi concentration of 0.10 ± 0.16 μCi/mL with no preferential uptake by glandular or fatty tissues. PMID:22956950

  17. [Situation of supply and boom of PET imaging: what is the future for technetium-99m in nuclear medicine?].

    PubMed

    Maia, S; Ayachi Hatit, N; Paycha, F

    2011-05-01

    Molecular imaging has shown its interest in the diagnosis, staging and therapy monitoring of many diseases, especially in the field of cancer. This imaging modality can detect non-invasively early molecular changes specific to these diseases. Its expansion includes two aspects linked firstly with the advanced techniques of imaging modalities and secondly with the development of tracers as radio pharmaceuticals for imaging new molecular targets. Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), because of its physical characteristics, its widespread availability and low cost, is the most used radionuclide in molecular imaging with the technique of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Nevertheless, the current difficulty concerning the supply and the great interest of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the "competitor" imaging modality-using molecules labelled with fluorine-18 ((18)F), legitimates the question about the future of (99m)Tc, its supremacy and the emergence of new tracer labelled with (99m)Tc. Focusing on the actual and future supply situation, the place of SPECT imaging in nuclear medicine, as well as the development of new molecules labelled with (99m)Tc is necessary to show that this radionuclide will remain essential for the speciality in the next years. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  18. Technetium-99m production issues in the United Kingdom.

    PubMed

    Green, Christopher H

    2012-04-01

    Nuclear Medicine developed when it was realised that a radioisotopic substitution of Iodine-131 for the stable Iodine-127 would follow the same metabolic pathway in the body enabling the thyroid to be imaged and the thyroid uptake measured. The Iodine could be complexed with pharmaceutical substrates to enable other organs to be imaged, but its use was limited and high gamma energy and beta emission restricted the activity of each radiopharmaceutical used, leading to long acquisition times and degraded images. As a pure gamma emitter of 140 keV and with a 6-h half-life, Technetium-99m is a better radionuclide and images a wider range of bodily organs. However, its short half-life also requires it to be eluted from its mother radionuclide, Mo-99, in a generator, delivered weekly from radiopharmaceutical companies who obtain the Mo-99 in liquid form from high-flux research reactors. All went well till around 2007, when the NRU Reactor in Canada was closed and all other reactors went down for various periods for unrelated problems, leading to widespread Mo-99 shortages. Although the reactors have since recovered, they are 48 to 57 years old, and it seems that few governments have made any future provision such as building replacement reactors.

  19. Technetium-99m production issues in the United Kingdom

    PubMed Central

    Green, Christopher H.

    2012-01-01

    Nuclear Medicine developed when it was realised that a radioisotopic substitution of Iodine-131 for the stable Iodine-127 would follow the same metabolic pathway in the body enabling the thyroid to be imaged and the thyroid uptake measured. The Iodine could be complexed with pharmaceutical substrates to enable other organs to be imaged, but its use was limited and high gamma energy and beta emission restricted the activity of each radiopharmaceutical used, leading to long acquisition times and degraded images. As a pure gamma emitter of 140 keV and with a 6-h half-life, Technetium-99m is a better radionuclide and images a wider range of bodily organs. However, its short half-life also requires it to be eluted from its mother radionuclide, Mo-99, in a generator, delivered weekly from radiopharmaceutical companies who obtain the Mo-99 in liquid form from high-flux research reactors. All went well till around 2007, when the NRU Reactor in Canada was closed and all other reactors went down for various periods for unrelated problems, leading to widespread Mo-99 shortages. Although the reactors have since recovered, they are 48 to 57 years old, and it seems that few governments have made any future provision such as building replacement reactors. PMID:22557795

  20. Influence of proton-pump inhibitors on stomach wall uptake of 99mTc-tetrofosmin in cadmium-zinc-telluride SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Mouden, Mohamed; Rijkee, Karlijn S; Schreuder, Nanno; Timmer, Jorik R; Jager, Pieter L

    2015-02-01

    Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) induce potentially interfering stomach wall activity in single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-sestamibi. However, no data are available for (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin. We assessed the influence of prolonged (>2 weeks) PPI use on the stomach wall uptake of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin in patients referred for stress MPI with a cadmium-zinc-telluride-based SPECT camera and its relation with dyspepsia symptoms. Consecutive patients (n=127) underwent a 1-day adenosine stress-first SPECT-MPI with (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin, of whom 54 (43%) patients had been on PPIs for more than 2 weeks. Stomach wall activity was identified on stress SPECT using computed tomographic attenuation maps and was scored using a four-point grading scale into clinically relevant (scores 2 or 3) or nonrelevant (scores 0 or 1).Patients on PPIs had stomach wall uptake more frequently as compared with patients not using PPIs (22 vs. 7%, P=0.017). Dyspepsia was similar in both groups. Prolonged use of PPIs is associated with stomach wall uptake of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin in stress cadmium-zinc-telluride-SPECT images. Gastric symptoms were not associated with stomach wall uptake.

  1. Assessment of cardiac function using myocardial perfusion imaging technique on SPECT with 99mTc sestamibi

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gani, M. R. A.; Nazir, F.; Pawiro, S. A.; Soejoko, D. S.

    2016-03-01

    Suspicion on coronary heart disease can be confirmed by observing the function of left ventricle cardiac muscle with Myocardial Perfusion Imaging techniques. The function perfusion itself is indicated by the uptake of radiopharmaceutical tracer. The 31 patients were studied undergoing the MPI examination on Gatot Soebroto Hospital using 99mTc-sestamibi radiopharmaceutical with stress and rest conditions. Stress was stimulated by physical exercise or pharmacological agent. After two hours, the patient did rest condition on the same day. The difference of uptake percentage between stress and rest conditions will be used to determine the malfunction of perfusion due to ischemic or infarct. Degradation of cardiac function was determined based on the image-based assessment of five segments of left ventricle cardiac. As a result, 8 (25.8%) patients had normal myocardial perfusion and 11 (35.5%) patients suspected for having partial ischemia. Total ischemia occurred to 8 (25.8%) patients with reversible and irreversible ischemia and the remaining 4 (12.9%) patients for partial infarct with characteristic the percentage of perfusion ≤50%. It is concluded that MPI technique of image-based assessment on uptake percentage difference between stress and rest conditions can be employed to predict abnormal perfusion as complementary information to diagnose the cardiac function.

  2. Investigating the Role of Global Histogram Equalization Technique for 99mTechnetium-Methylene diphosphonate Bone Scan Image Enhancement.

    PubMed

    Pandey, Anil Kumar; Sharma, Param Dev; Dheer, Pankaj; Parida, Girish Kumar; Goyal, Harish; Patel, Chetan; Bal, Chandrashekhar; Kumar, Rakesh

    2017-01-01

    99m Technetium-methylene diphosphonate ( 99m Tc-MDP) bone scan images have limited number of counts per pixel, and hence, they have inferior image quality compared to X-rays. Theoretically, global histogram equalization (GHE) technique can improve the contrast of a given image though practical benefits of doing so have only limited acceptance. In this study, we have investigated the effect of GHE technique for 99m Tc-MDP-bone scan images. A set of 89 low contrast 99m Tc-MDP whole-body bone scan images were included in this study. These images were acquired with parallel hole collimation on Symbia E gamma camera. The images were then processed with histogram equalization technique. The image quality of input and processed images were reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians on a 5-point scale where score of 1 is for very poor and 5 is for the best image quality. A statistical test was applied to find the significance of difference between the mean scores assigned to input and processed images. This technique improves the contrast of the images; however, oversaturation was noticed in the processed images. Student's t -test was applied, and a statistically significant difference in the input and processed image quality was found at P < 0.001 (with α = 0.05). However, further improvement in image quality is needed as per requirements of nuclear medicine physicians. GHE techniques can be used on low contrast bone scan images. In some of the cases, a histogram equalization technique in combination with some other postprocessing technique is useful.

  3. Investigating the Role of Global Histogram Equalization Technique for 99mTechnetium-Methylene diphosphonate Bone Scan Image Enhancement

    PubMed Central

    Pandey, Anil Kumar; Sharma, Param Dev; Dheer, Pankaj; Parida, Girish Kumar; Goyal, Harish; Patel, Chetan; Bal, Chandrashekhar; Kumar, Rakesh

    2017-01-01

    Purpose of the Study: 99mTechnetium-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scan images have limited number of counts per pixel, and hence, they have inferior image quality compared to X-rays. Theoretically, global histogram equalization (GHE) technique can improve the contrast of a given image though practical benefits of doing so have only limited acceptance. In this study, we have investigated the effect of GHE technique for 99mTc-MDP-bone scan images. Materials and Methods: A set of 89 low contrast 99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scan images were included in this study. These images were acquired with parallel hole collimation on Symbia E gamma camera. The images were then processed with histogram equalization technique. The image quality of input and processed images were reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians on a 5-point scale where score of 1 is for very poor and 5 is for the best image quality. A statistical test was applied to find the significance of difference between the mean scores assigned to input and processed images. Results: This technique improves the contrast of the images; however, oversaturation was noticed in the processed images. Student's t-test was applied, and a statistically significant difference in the input and processed image quality was found at P < 0.001 (with α = 0.05). However, further improvement in image quality is needed as per requirements of nuclear medicine physicians. Conclusion: GHE techniques can be used on low contrast bone scan images. In some of the cases, a histogram equalization technique in combination with some other postprocessing technique is useful. PMID:29142344

  4. THE RESULTS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE ASSAY IN PARATHYROID ASPIRATES IN PRE-OPERATIVE LOCALIZATION OF PARATHYROID ADENOMAS FOR FOCUSED PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH NEGATIVE OR SUSPICIOUS TECHNETIUM-99M-SESTAMIBI SCANS.

    PubMed

    Ozderya, Aysenur; Temizkan, Sule; Cetin, Kenan; Ozugur, Sule; Gul, Aylin Ege; Aydin, Kadriye

    2017-09-01

    This study aimed to evaluate the results of parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay in parathyroid aspirates to determine uniglandular disease by an endocrinologist-performed ultrasound (US) in patients with discordant or negative technetium-sestamibi scans and to evaluate whether this procedure increases the number of focused parathyroidectomies (FPs). We analyzed the data of 65 patients who underwent an endocrinologist-performed US-guided parathyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with PTH wash-out, retrospectively. The results of PTH wash-out procedure and the reports of parathyroid surgery and pathology were reviewed. Of 65 patients, 54 had positive PTH wash-out results. The median serum PTH level of patients with positive and negative PTH wash-out results was 143 (25 and 75% interquartile range [IQR], 114 to 197) versus 154 (IQR, 115 to 255) pg/mL (P = .45), and the median PTH in FNA was 3,533 (IQR, 1,481 to 3,534) versus 6.0 (IQR, 1 to 6) pg/mL (P<.001), respectively. Forty-five patients underwent surgery. Of the operated patients, 42 had positive PTH wash-out results and had successful FP. Four patients with redo surgery had positive PTH wash-out results and were successfully re-operated with FP. Of 11 patients with negative PTH wash-out results, 3 had bilateral neck exploration (BNE) surgery and 2 patients were successfully operated, while surgery was unsuccessful in 1 patient, despite BNE. Our study results suggest that endocrinologist-performed US and parathyroid FNA with PTH wash-out increases the number and success of FPs. In particular, patients with redo surgery may benefit from this procedure. 4D-CT = four-dimensional computed tomography BNE = bilateral neck exploration FNA = fine-needle aspiration FNAB = fine-needle aspiration biopsy FP = focused parathyroidectomy IQR = 25 and 75% inter-quartile range PHPT = primary hyperparathyroidism PPV = positive predictive value PTH = parathyroid hormone 99m Tc = technetium US = ultrasound.

  5. [Importance of parathyroid SPECT and 99mTc scintigraphy, and of clinical, laboratorial, ultrasonographic and citologic correlation in the pre-operative localization of the parathyroid adenoma - pictorial assay].

    PubMed

    Oliveira, Marco Antônio Condé de; Maeda, Sérgio Setsuo; Dreyer, Patrícia; Lobo, Alberto; Andrade, Victor Piana de; Hoff, Ana O; Biscolla, Rosa Paula Mello; Smanio, Paola; Brandão, Cynthia M A; Vieira, José G

    2010-06-01

    In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, candidates for surgical intervention, the parathyroid pre-operative localization is of fundamental importance in planning the appropriate surgical approach. The additional acquisition of SPECT and Technetium-99m images, during parathyroid scintigraphy with Sestamibi, is not common practice. Usually, only planar image acquisition, 15 minutes prior and 2 hours after radiopharmaceutical administration, is performed. In our experience, the complete protocol in parathyroid scintigraphy increases the accuracy of pre-operative parathyroid localization. The complete utilization of all available nuclear medicine methods (SPECT e 99mTc) and image interpretation in a multidisciplinary context can improve the accuracy of parathyroid scintigraphy.

  6. Lung ventilation studies with technetium-99m Pseudogas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Burch, W.M.; Sullivan, P.J.; Lomas, F.E.

    1986-06-01

    Technetium-99m Pseudogas is an ultrafine near monodisperse aerosol of 0.12-microgram diam particle size. This report describes initial clinical experiences with 27 patients referred for investigation of suspected pulmonary embolism, and in whom Pseudogas ventilation images were compared with a high quality commercial aerosol. An additional group of ten patients with severe COPD was examined in a comparative trial of Pseudogas with 81mKr. Pseudogas was better than a conventional aerosol in reaching a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using a simple blinded comparison with coded images. In addition, bronchial deposition was minimal unless COPD was severe. Moderately well patients had no difficultymore » inhaling the necessary activity in one or two breaths, and even severely ill and frail aged persons could accomplish the passive breathing maneuver in less than a minute. Clearance of Pseudogas was directly to the systemic circulation with a half-time of 10 min in normal subjects extending up to 100 min in patients with airways disease.« less

  7. The role of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate in myocardial imaging to recognize, localize and identify extension of acute myocardial infarction in patients

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Willerson, J. T.; Parkey, R. W.; Bonte, F. J.; Stokely, E. M.; Buja, E. M.

    1975-01-01

    The ability of technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams to aid diagnostically in recognizing, localizing, and identifying extension of acute myocardial infarction in patients was evaluated. The present study is an extension of previous animal and patient evaluations that were recently performed utilizing this myocardial imaging agent.

  8. Effects of concurrent drug therapy on technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate biodistribution

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hinkle, G.H.; Basmadjian, G.P.; Peek, C.

    Drug interactions with /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate resulting in altered biodistribution were studied using chart review and animal tests. Charts of nine patients who had abnormal gallbladder uptake of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate during a two-year period were reviewed to obtain data such as concurrent drug therapy, primary diagnosis, and laboratory values. Adult New Zealand white rabbits were then used for testing the biodistribution of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate when administered concurrently with possibly interacting drugs identified in the chart review--penicillamine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin V potassium, acetaminophen, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Chart review revealed no conclusive patterns of altered biodistribution associated withmore » other factors. The data did suggest the possibility that the five drugs listed above might cause increased hepatobiliary clearance of the radiopharmaceutical. Animal tests showed that i.v. penicillamine caused substantial distribution of radioactivity into the gallbladder and small bowel. Minimally increased gallbladder radioactivity occurred when oral acetaminophen and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were administered concurrently. Oral and i.v. penicillins did not increase gallbladder activity. Penicillamine may cause substantial alteration of the biodistribution of technetium /sup 99m/Tc gluceptate.« less

  9. Detecting Myocardial Ischemia With 99mTechnetium-Tetrofosmin Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Ischemic Stroke.

    PubMed

    Giannopoulos, Sotirios; Markoula, Sofia; Sioka, Chrissa; Zouroudi, Sofia; Spiliotopoulou, Maria; Naka, Katerina K; Michalis, Lampros K; Fotopoulos, Andreas; Kyritsis, Athanassios P

    2017-10-01

    To assess the myocardial status in patients with stroke, employing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with 99m Technetium-tetrofosmin ( 99m Tc-TF)-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Fifty-two patients with ischemic stroke were subjected to 99m Tc-TF-SPECT MPI within 1 month after stroke occurrence. None of the patients had any history or symptoms of coronary artery disease or other heart disease. Myocardial perfusion imaging was evaluated visually using a 17-segment polar map. Myocardial ischemia (MIS) was defined as present when the summed stress score (SSS) was >4; MIS was defined as mild when SSS was 4 to 8, and moderate/severe with SSS ≥9. Patients with SSS >4 were compared to patients with SSS <4. Parameters such as age, body mass index, waist perimeter, smoking habits, and medical history (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, etc) were evaluated according to MPI results. Myocardial ischemia was present in 32 (62%) of 52 patients with stroke. Among them, 20 (62%) of 32 patients had mild abnormalities and 12 (38%) of 32 had moderate/severe. The age and waist perimeter showed a tendency to relate to severe MIS when patients with SSS >9 were compared to patients with SSS <4. In MPI-positive patients, an age was to be association with SSS, with the oldest age exhibiting the highest SSS ( P = .01). The association of age with SSS remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis ( P = .04). The study suggested that more than half of patients with stroke without a history of cardiac disease have MIS. Although most of them have mild MIS, we suggest a thorough cardiological evaluation in this group of patients for future prevention of severe myocardial outcome.

  10. Guava extract (Psidium guajava) alters the labelling of blood constituents with technetium-99m.

    PubMed

    Abreu, P R C; Almeida, M C; Bernardo, R M; Bernardo, L C; Brito, L C; Garcia, E A C; Fonseca, A S; Bernardo-Filho, M

    2006-06-01

    Psidium guajava (guava) leaf is a phytotherapic used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances and is used as anti-inflammatory medicine. In nuclear medicine, blood constituents (BC) are labelled with technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and used to image procedures. However, data have demonstrated that synthetic or natural drugs could modify the labelling of BC with (99m)Tc. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of guava leaves on the labelling of BC with (99m)Tc. Blood samples of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of guava extract and labelled with (99m)Tc after the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI) in BC was determined. The results suggest that aqueous guava extract could present antioxidant action and/or alters the membrane structures involved in ion transport into cells, thus decreasing the radiolabelling of BC with (99m)Tc. The data showed significant (P<0.05) alteration of ATI in BC from blood incubated with guava extract.

  11. Guava extract (Psidium guajava) alters the labelling of blood constituents with technetium-99m*

    PubMed Central

    Abreu, P.R.C.; Almeida, M.C.; Bernardo, R.M.; Bernardo, L.C.; Brito, L.C.; Garcia, E.A.C.; Fonseca, A.S.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

    2006-01-01

    Psidium guajava (guava) leaf is a phytotherapic used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory disturbances and is used as anti-inflammatory medicine. In nuclear medicine, blood constituents (BC) are labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) and used to image procedures. However, data have demonstrated that synthetic or natural drugs could modify the labelling of BC with 99mTc. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of guava leaves on the labelling of BC with 99mTc. Blood samples of Wistar rats were incubated with different concentrations of guava extract and labelled with 99mTc after the percentage of incorporated radioactivity (%ATI) in BC was determined. The results suggest that aqueous guava extract could present antioxidant action and/or alters the membrane structures involved in ion transport into cells, thus decreasing the radiolabelling of BC with 99mTc. The data showed significant (P<0.05) alteration of ATI in BC from blood incubated with guava extract. PMID:16691636

  12. Technetium-99m-labeled ceftizoxime loaded long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes used to identify osteomyelitis.

    PubMed

    Ferreira, Soraya Maria Zandim Maciel Dias; Domingos, Giselle Pires; Ferreira, Diego dos Santos; Rocha, Talita Guieiro Ribeiro; Serakides, Rogéria; de Faria Rezende, Cleuza Maria; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; Oliveira, Mônica Cristina

    2012-07-15

    Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease located in the bone or bone marrow. Long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes containing a technetium-99m-labeled antibiotic, ceftizoxime, (SpHL-(99m)Tc-CF) were developed to identify osteomyelitis foci. Biodistribution studies and scintigraphic images of bone infection or non infection-bearing rats that had been treated with these liposomes were performed. A high accumulation in infectious foci and high values in the target-non target ratio could be observed. These results indicate the potential of SpHL-(99m)Tc-CF as a potential agent for the diagnosis of bone infections. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Diagnostic accuracy of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi in the assessment of thyroid nodules.

    PubMed

    Yordanova, Anna; Mahjoob, Soha; Lingohr, Philipp; Kalff, Jörg; Türler, Andreas; Palmedo, Holger; Biersack, Hans-Jürgen; Kristiansen, Glen; Farahati, Jamshid; Essler, Markus; Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat

    2017-11-07

    [ 99m Tc]Tc-Sestamibi (MIBI) is an increasingly used tool for evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, there is a lack of evidence about the accuracy of this method in the European population. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of MIBI for the differentiation of thyroid nodules in a large cohort. 161 patients underwent MIBI, followed by a thyroidectomy. We used a dual phase MIBI protocol. Interpretation of the images included a scoring system from 0 (absent) to 3 (increased); this was to provide a scale for the uptake of the thyroid nodule in comparison to the paranodular tissue. Additionally, we evaluated the tracer uptake trend in late images compared to early images. We used the final histopathology as the reference standard. Scores 0-1 in early images, scores 0-2 in late images, and an absence of increasing uptake in the thyroid nodule in late images, showed the best predictive values to exclude malignancy, respectively (negative predictive value (NPV) 89%). Highest sensitivity (91%) for malignant nodules was evident in early images with a score 1-3. Highest specificity (91%) was obtained when the negative was defined as an absence of uptake-increase, in the late images. This study confirms that the most valuable feature of MIBI is the high NPV. Thus, with the appropriate interpretation method, high sensitivity and specificity, and moderate PPV can be obtained.

  14. Hyperthermia increases accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes in feline sarcomas.

    PubMed

    Matteucci, M L; Anyarambhatla, G; Rosner, G; Azuma, C; Fisher, P E; Dewhirst, M W; Needham, D; Thrall, D E

    2000-09-01

    The effect of hyperthermia on the accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes was studied in feline sarcomas. Each cat received two separate injections of liposomes. The first was used to quantify the amount of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes within the tumor under normothermic conditions. The second injection was made at the beginning of a 60-min hyperthermia procedure. Planar scintigraphy was used to measure the activity of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes within the tumor at predetermined times up to 18 h after injection. Regions of interest were drawn for the tumor, lungs, liver, kidney, and aorta. Counts in the regions of interest were decay corrected. Counts/pixel in the tumor under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions were normalized to aorta counts/pixel. A total of 16 cats were eligible for the study. In two of the 16 cats, incomplete count data precluded analysis. In the remaining 14 cats, hyperthermia resulted in a significant increase in liposome accumulation in the tumor (P = 0.001). Tumor volume ranged from 1.2 to 236.2 cm3, and thermal dose ranged from 2.0 to 243.3 CEM43CT90 (equivalent time that the 10th percentile temperature was equal to 43 degrees C). There was not a relationship between either tumor volume or hyperthermia dose on the magnitude of increased liposome accumulation, suggesting that this method has application across a range of tumor volumes and degrees of heatibility.

  15. Detection of homing-in of stem cells labeled with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in infarcted myocardium after intracoronary injection

    PubMed Central

    Patel, Chetan D; Agarwal, Snehlata; Seth, Sandeep; Mohanty, Sujata; Aggarwal, Himesh; Gupta, Namit

    2014-01-01

    Bone marrow stem cells having myogenic potential are promising candidates for various cell-based therapies for myocardial disease. We present here images showing homing of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) labeled stem cells in the infarcted myocardium from a pilot study conducted to radio-label part of the stem cells in patients enrolled in a stem cell clinical trial for recent myocardial infarction. PMID:25400375

  16. Diagnostic accuracy of [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi in the assessment of thyroid nodules

    PubMed Central

    Yordanova, Anna; Mahjoob, Soha; Lingohr, Philipp; Kalff, Jörg; Türler, Andreas; Palmedo, Holger; Biersack, Hans-Jürgen; Kristiansen, Glen; Farahati, Jamshid; Essler, Markus; Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat

    2017-01-01

    [99mTc]Tc-Sestamibi (MIBI) is an increasingly used tool for evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, there is a lack of evidence about the accuracy of this method in the European population. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of MIBI for the differentiation of thyroid nodules in a large cohort. 161 patients underwent MIBI, followed by a thyroidectomy. We used a dual phase MIBI protocol. Interpretation of the images included a scoring system from 0 (absent) to 3 (increased); this was to provide a scale for the uptake of the thyroid nodule in comparison to the paranodular tissue. Additionally, we evaluated the tracer uptake trend in late images compared to early images. We used the final histopathology as the reference standard. Scores 0-1 in early images, scores 0-2 in late images, and an absence of increasing uptake in the thyroid nodule in late images, showed the best predictive values to exclude malignancy, respectively (negative predictive value (NPV) 89%). Highest sensitivity (91%) for malignant nodules was evident in early images with a score 1-3. Highest specificity (91%) was obtained when the negative was defined as an absence of uptake-increase, in the late images. This study confirms that the most valuable feature of MIBI is the high NPV. Thus, with the appropriate interpretation method, high sensitivity and specificity, and moderate PPV can be obtained. PMID:29212258

  17. Sensitivity of technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scintigraphy in diagnosing cardiac amyloidosis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Falk, R.H.; Lee, V.W.; Rubinow, A.

    1983-03-01

    To determine the value of technetium-99m-pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of amyloid heart disease this procedure was prospectively performed in 20 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven primary amyloidosis. Eleven patients had echocardiographic abnormalities compatible with amyloid cardiomyopathy, 9 of whom had congestive heart failure. Diffuse myocardial pyrophosphate uptake was of equal or greater intensity than that of the ribs in 9 of the 11 patients with echocardiograms suggestive of amyloidosis, but in only 2 of the 9 with normal echocardiograms, despite abnormal electrocardiograms (p less than 0.01). Increased wall thickness measured by M-mode echocardiography correlated with myocardial pyrophosphate uptake (rmore » . 0.68, p less than 0.01). None of 10 control patients with nonamyloid, nonischemic heart disease had a strongly positive myocardial pyrophosphate uptake. Thus, myocardial technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scanning is a sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis in patients with congestive heart failure of obscure origin. It does not appear to be of value for the early detection of cardiac involvement in patients with known primary amyloidosis without echocardiographic abnormalities.« less

  18. Prevalence and pattern of abnormal myocardial perfusion in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia: study by 99mTc-sestamibi radionuclide scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Ismail, Ahmed M; Rayan, Mona; Adel, Amr; Demerdash, Salah; Atef, Mohamed; Abdallah, Mohamed; Nammas, Wail

    2014-02-01

    We explored the prevalence and pattern of abnormal myocardial perfusion in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia (CAE), as demonstrated by (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy. Prospectively, we enrolled 35 patients with angiographically documented CAE and no significant coronary obstruction, who underwent elective coronary angiography. Patients underwent Stress-rest (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy within 4 days of coronary angiography. They were divided into 2 groups: group I: with normal perfusion scan; and group II: with reversible perfusion defects. The mean age was 49.6 ± 6.9 years; 34 (97.1 %) were males. Seventy-nine (75.2 %) arteries were affected by CAE. Among 79 arteries affected by CAE, affection was diffuse in 37 (46.8 %). Thirteen (37.1 %) patients had normal perfusion scan (group I), whereas 22 (62.9 %) had reversible perfusion defects (group II). Among 22 patients with reversible perfusion defects, 20 (90.9 %) had mild and 2 (9.1 %) had moderate ischemia. Among 49 myocardial segments with reversible perfusion defects, 22 (44.9 %) were basal, 18 (36.7 %) mid-, and 9 (18.4 %) apical segments. Diffuse CAE was significantly more prevalent in group II versus group I, in all 3 major coronary arteries (p < 0.05 for all). In patients with isolated CAE who underwent elective coronary angiography, reversible perfusion defects demonstrated by (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy were rather prevalent, mostly mild, more likely to affect the basal and mid-segments of the myocardium, and more frequently associated with diffuse ectasia.

  19. TC-99m MIBI SPECT imaging in patients with lung carcinoma: is it a functional probe of multidrug resistance genes?

    PubMed

    Ak, Ilknur; Gülbaş, Zafer; Ocak, Suna; Kaya, Eser; Alataş, Füsun; Vardareli, Erkan; Metintaş, Muzaffer

    2007-01-01

    Multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype concerns altered membrane transport that results in lower cell concentrations of cytotoxic drug in many cancer types, including lung cancer, and is related to the overexpression of a variety of proteins that act as adenosine triphosphate-dependent extrusion pumps. Tc-99m Sestamibi (MIBI) is a transport substrate for P-glycoprotein (Pgp) pump. In this study, we assessed the uptake and clearance of technetium-99m-2-hexakis 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-99m MIBI) from the tumor and its correlation with messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Pgp, MDR-associated protein (MRP1), and lung resistance protein (LRP) in lung carcinoma. This study was carried out on 19 patients (mean age, 60.1 +/- 2.07 years) with advanced-stage lung carcinoma. The tumor samples obtained by bronchoscopy were assessed to estimate the levels of Pgp, MRP1, and LRP expression on mRNA level by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tc-99m MIBI chest imaging was performed 15 and 180 minutes after injection of 740 MBq Tc-99m MIBI. The early (T/Be) and delayed (T/Bd) Tc-99m MIBI uptakes and washout rate (WR) of Tc-99m MIBI from the tumor were measured. No correlation was found between the T/Be Tc-99m MIBI uptake of tumors (T/Be) and the levels of Pgp mRNA, MRP1 mRNA, and LRP mRNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. There was a correlation between the mean T/Bd Tc-99m MIBI uptake and Pgp expression of the tumors (P = 0.001, Spearman rho = - 0.702). There was a correlation between the WR of Tc-99m MIBI from the tumor and Pgp expression of the tumor (P = 0.000, Spearman rho = 0.875). Washout rate of Tc-99m MIBI was not related to the levels of MRP1 mRNA (P = 0.93, Spearman rho = 0.02) or LRP mRNA (P = 0.47, Spearman rho = 0.177). Increased WR of Tc-99m MIBI is related in Pgp over expression of the tumor. Tc-99m MIBI single photon emission computed tomography imaging may be a functional probe of overexpression of Pgp in

  20. A tracer dose of technetium-99m-labeled liposomes can estimate the effect of hyperthermia on intratumoral doxil extravasation.

    PubMed

    Kleiter, Miriam M; Yu, Daohai; Mohammadian, Lenore A; Niehaus, Nelsen; Spasojevic, Ivan; Sanders, Linda; Viglianti, Benjamin L; Yarmolenko, Pavel S; Hauck, Marlene; Petry, Neil A; Wong, Terence Z; Dewhirst, Mark W; Thrall, Donald E

    2006-11-15

    A noninvasive method to monitor intratumoral Doxil delivery in individual patients during targeted tumor therapy is important to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to determine if a small tracer dose of technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled liposomes could be used to quantify the effect of local hyperthermia on intratumoral Doxil extravasation. Experiments were carried out in a rat fibrosarcoma model with transplanted thigh tumors. Liposomes of approximately same size and composition as Doxil were radiolabeled using [technetium-99m (99mTc)]exametazime. Eight treatment groups received either Doxil, a tracer dose or a large dose of 99mTc-labeled liposomes, or a combination of tracer and Doxil, with or without hyperthermia. This design was chosen to assure that coadministration of both liposomal formulations did not influence their intratumoral distribution. Hyperthermia was done for 45 minutes. Scintigraphic images were obtained at 5 and 18 hours. At 18 hours, tumors were removed and gamma counts as well as doxorubicin concentrations were measured. Intratumoral extravasation of the 99mTc-labeled tracer could be imaged scintigraphically under normothermic and hyperthermic conditions. The thermal enhancement ratio was slightly higher for radiolabeled liposomes than for doxorubicin concentration. However, there was a significant positive correlation of intratumoral doxorubicin concentration and intratumoral uptake of the radiolabeled tracer (expressed as percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue). Coadministration of radiolabeled liposomes did not negatively influence the amount of drug delivered with Doxil. The use of a radiolabeled tracer has potential value to monitor drug delivery and estimate the effect of an intervention aimed to increase liposomal accumulation, such as local hyperthermia.

  1. Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with cardioversion

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Davison, R.; Spies, S.M.; Przybylek, J.

    1979-08-01

    Thirty consecutive patients underwent technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy 48 to 72 h after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and direct current cardioversion. Five patients with transmural myocardial infarctions by ECG and enzyme determinations were correctly identified by scintigraphy. Myocardial scans were positive in five of nine patients with nontransmural infarction. Of 16 patients without evidence of myocardial infarction, only two (13%) had false-positive myocardial scans. The overall accuracy of imaging in this series was 80%. We conclude that false-positive scans after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with electrical cardioversion are infrequent, and do not significantly detract from the value of myocardial scintigraphy in themore » diagnosis of myocardial infarction.« less

  2. Quantitation of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve from early gated regadenoson stress Tc-99m high efficiency SPECT

    PubMed Central

    Brodov, Yafim; Fish, Mathews; Rubeaux, Mathieu; Otaki, Yuka; Gransar, Heidi; Lemley, Mark; Gerlach, Jim; Berman, Daniel; Germano, Guido; Slomka, Piotr

    2016-01-01

    Background Ejection fraction (EF) reserve has been found to be a useful adjunct for identifying high risk coronary artery disease in cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to evaluate EF reserve obtained from technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m) high-efficiency (HE) SPECT. Methods Fifty patients (mean age 69 y) undergoing regadenoson same-day rest (8–11 mCi)/stress (32–42mCi) Tc-99m gated HE SPECT were enrolled. Stress imaging was started one min after sequential intravenous regadenoson 0.4mg and Tc-99m injection, and was composed of five 2 min supine gated acquisitions followed by two 4 min supine and upright images. Ischemic total perfusion deficit (ITPD) ≥ 5 % was considered as significant ischemia. Results Significantly lower mean EF reserve was obtained in the 5th and 9th min after regadenoson bolus in patients with significant ischemia versus patients without (5th min: −4.2 ± 4.6% vs. 1.3 ± 6.6%, p = 0.006; 9th min: −2.7 ± 4.8% vs. 2.0 ± 6.6%, p = 0.03). Conclusions Negative EF reserve obtained between 5th and 9th min of regadenoson stress demonstrated best concordance with significant ischemia and may be a promising tool for detection of myocardial stunning with Tc-99m HE-SPECT. PMID:27387521

  3. Quantitation of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve from early gated regadenoson stress Tc-99m high-efficiency SPECT.

    PubMed

    Brodov, Yafim; Fish, Mathews; Rubeaux, Mathieu; Otaki, Yuka; Gransar, Heidi; Lemley, Mark; Gerlach, Jim; Berman, Daniel; Germano, Guido; Slomka, Piotr

    2016-12-01

    Ejection fraction (EF) reserve has been found to be a useful adjunct for identifying high risk coronary artery disease in cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). We aimed to evaluate EF reserve obtained from technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m) high-efficiency (HE) SPECT. Fifty patients (mean age 69 years) undergoing regadenoson same-day rest (8-11 mCi)/stress (32-42 mCi) Tc-99m gated HE SPECT were enrolled. Stress imaging was started 1 minute after sequential intravenous regadenoson .4 mg and Tc-99m injections, and was composed of five 2 minutes supine gated acquisitions followed by two 4 minutes supine and upright images. Ischemic total perfusion deficit (ITPD) ≥5 % was considered as significant ischemia. Significantly lower mean EF reserve was obtained in the 5th and 9th minute after regadenoson bolus in patients with significant ischemia vs patients without (5th minute: -4.2 ± 4.6% vs 1.3 ± 6.6%, P = .006; 9th minute: -2.7 ± 4.8% vs 2.0 ± 6.6%, P = .03). Negative EF reserve obtained between 5th and 9th minutes of regadenoson stress demonstrated best concordance with significant ischemia and may be a promising tool for detection of transient ischemic functional changes with Tc-99m HE-SPECT.

  4. Detection of urinary extravasation by delayed technetium-99m DTPA renal imaging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Taki, J.; Tonami, N.; Aburano, T.

    Delayed imaging with Tc-99m DTPA renal scintigraphy demonstrated urinary extravasation in a patient with acute anuria in whom early sequential imaging showed no abnormal extrarenal radionuclide accumulation.

  5. A solvent-extraction module for cyclotron production of high-purity technetium-99m.

    PubMed

    Martini, Petra; Boschi, Alessandra; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Uccelli, Licia; Pasquali, Micòl; Duatti, Adriano; Pupillo, Gaia; Marengo, Mario; Loriggiola, Massimo; Esposito, Juan

    2016-12-01

    The design and fabrication of a fully-automated, remotely controlled module for the extraction and purification of technetium-99m (Tc-99m), produced by proton bombardment of enriched Mo-100 molybdenum metallic targets in a low-energy medical cyclotron, is here described. After dissolution of the irradiated solid target in hydrogen peroxide, Tc-99m was obtained under the chemical form of 99m TcO 4 - , in high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity, by solvent extraction with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). The extraction process was accomplished inside a glass column-shaped vial especially designed to allow for an easy automation of the whole procedure. Recovery yields were always >90% of the loaded activity. The final pertechnetate saline solution Na 99m TcO 4 , purified using the automated module here described, is within the Pharmacopoeia quality control parameters and is therefore a valid alternative to generator-produced 99m Tc. The resulting automated module is cost-effective and easily replicable for in-house production of high-purity Tc-99m by cyclotrons. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. /sup 99m/Tc-IDA imaging in the differential diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and acute pancreatitis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fonseca, C.; Greenberg, D.; Rosenthall, L.

    1979-02-01

    Technetium-/sup 99m/-labelled dimethly-acetanilide-iminodiacetic acid (/sup 99m/Tc-IDA) hepato-biliary imaging was evaluated for its efficacy in distinguishing acute cholecystitis from acute pancreatitis. In a retrospective review, gallbladders were demonstrated by /sup 99m/Tc-IDA in 13 of 15 patients (87%) with acute pancreatitis. This is significantly higher than reports on the frequency of gallbladder filling with oral and intravenous cholangiography in the presence of acute cholecystitis.

  7. In Vivo Imaging and Tracking of Technetium-99m Labeled Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Tendinopathy

    PubMed Central

    Dudhia, Jayesh; Becerra, Patricia; Valdés, Miguel A.; Neves, Francisco; Hartman, Neil G.; Smith, Roger K.W.

    2015-01-01

    Recent advances in the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in the horse suggest improved outcome measures in both experimental and clinical studies. Although the BMMSC are implanted into the tendon lesion in large numbers (usually 10 - 20 million cells), only a relatively small number survive (<10%) although these can persist for up to 5 months after implantation. This appears to be a common observation in other species where BMMSC have been implanted into other tissues and it is important to understand when this loss occurs, how many survive the initial implantation process and whether the cells are cleared into other organs. Tracking the fate of the cells can be achieved by radiolabeling the BMMSC prior to implantation which allows non-invasive in vivo imaging of cell location and quantification of cell numbers. This protocol describes a cell labeling procedure that uses Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and tracking of these cells following implantation into injured flexor tendons in horses. Tc-99m is a short-lived (t1/2 of 6.01 hr) isotope that emits gamma rays and can be internalized by cells in the presence of the lipophilic compound hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO). These properties make it ideal for use in nuclear medicine clinics for the diagnosis of many different diseases. The fate of the labeled cells can be followed in the short term (up to 36 hr) by gamma scintigraphy to quantify both the number of cells retained in the lesion and distribution of the cells into lungs, thyroid and other organs. This technique is adapted from the labeling of blood leukocytes and could be utilized to image implanted BMMSC in other organs. PMID:26709915

  8. Human Fibronectin Extra-Domain B (EDB)-Specific Aptide (APTEDB) Radiolabelling with Technetium-99m as a Potent Targeted Tumour-Imaging Agent.

    PubMed

    Mohammadgholi, Mohsen; Sadeghzadeh, Nourollah; Erfani, Mostafa; Abediankenari, Saeid; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Emrarian, Iman; Jafari, Narjes; Behzadi, Ramezan

    2018-01-01

    Human fibronectin extra-domain B (EDB) is particularly expressed during angiogenesis progression. It is, thus, a promising marker of tumour growth. Aptides are a novel class of peptides with high-affinity binding to specific protein targets. APTEDB is an antagonist-like ligand that especially interacts with human fibronectin EDB. This study was the first attempt in which the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-conjugated APTEDB was labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) as an appropriate radiotracer and tricine/EDDA exchange labeling. Radiochemical purity, normal saline, and serum stability were evaluated by HPLC and radio-isotope TLC scanner. Other examinations, such as protein-binding calculation, dissociation radioligand binding assay, and partition coefficient constant determination, were also carried out. The cellular-specific binding of 99mTc- HYNIC-conjugated APTEDB was assessed in two EDB-positive (U87MG) and EDB-negative (U373MG) cell lines. Bio-distribution was investigated in normal mice as well as in U87MG and U373MG tumour-bearing mice. Eventually, the radiolabelled APTEDB was used for tumour imaging using planar SPECT. Radiolabelling was achieved with high purity (up to 97%) and accompanied by high solution (over 90% after overnight) and serum (80% after 2 hours) stability. The obtained cellular-specific binding ratio was greater than nine-fold. In-vivo experiments showed rapid blood clearance with mainly renal excretion and tumour uptake specificity (0.48±0.03% ID/g after 1h). The results of the imaging also confirmed considerable tumour uptake for EDB-positive cell line compared with the EDB-negative one. Aptides are considered to be a potent candidate for biopharmaceutical applications. They can be modified with imaging or therapeutic agents. This report shows the capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-APTEDB for human EDB-expressing tumours detection. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  9. Techniques for Loading Technetium-99m and Rhenium-186/188 Radionuclides into Preformed Liposomes for Diagnostic Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy.

    PubMed

    Goins, Beth; Bao, Ande; Phillips, William T

    2017-01-01

    Liposomes can serve as carriers of radionuclides for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. Herein, procedures are outlined for radiolabeling liposomes with the gamma-emitting radionuclide, technetium-99m ( 99m Tc), for noninvasive detection of disease and for monitoring the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomal drugs, and/or with therapeutic beta-emitting radionuclides, rhenium-186/188 ( 186/188 Re), for radionuclide therapy. These efficient and practical liposome radiolabeling methods use a post-labeling mechanism to load 99m Tc or 186/188 Re into preformed liposomes prepared in advance of the labeling procedure. For all liposome radiolabeling methods described, a lipophilic chelator is used to transport 99m Tc or 186/188 Re across the lipid bilayer of the preformed liposomes. Once within the liposome interior, the pre-encapsulated glutathione or ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient provides for stable entrapment of the 99m Tc and 186/188 Re within the liposomes. In the first method, 99m Tc is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and 99m Tc-HMPAO becomes trapped by interaction with the pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the second method, 99m Tc or 186/188 Re is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), and 99m Tc-BMEDA or 186/188 Re-BMEDA becomes trapped by interaction with pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the third method, an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient loading technique is employed using liposomes with an extraliposomal pH of 7.4 and an interior pH of 5.1. BMEDA, which is lipophilic at pH 7.4, serves as a lipophilic chelator for 99m Tc or 186/188 Re to transport the radionuclides across the lipid bilayer. Once within the more acidic liposome interior, 99m Tc/ 186/188 Re-BMEDA complex becomes protonated and more hydrophilic, which results in stable

  10. Technetium-99m generator system

    DOEpatents

    Mirzadeh, Saed; Knapp, Jr., Furn F.; Collins, Emory D.

    1998-01-01

    A .sup.99 Mo/.sup.99m Tc generator system includes a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing .sup.99 Mo. The sorbent column has an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column for concentrating .sup.99m Tc eluted from the sorbent column. A method of preparing a concentrated solution of .sup.99m Tc includes the general steps of: a. providing a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing .sup.99 Mo, the sorbent column having an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column; b. eluting the sorbent column with a salt solution to elute .sup.99m Tc from the sorbent and to trap and concentrate the eluted .sup.99m Tc on the ion-exchange column; and c. eluting the concentrated .sup.99m Tc from the ion-exchange column with a solution comprising a reductive complexing agent.

  11. Technetium-99m generator system

    DOEpatents

    Mirzadeh, S.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Collins, E.D.

    1998-06-30

    A {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator system includes a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing {sup 99}Mo. The sorbent column has an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column for concentrating {sup 99m}Tc eluted from the sorbent column. A method of preparing a concentrated solution of {sup 99m}Tc includes the general steps of: (a) providing a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing {sup 99}Mo, the sorbent column having an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column; (b) eluting the sorbent column with a salt solution to elute {sup 99m}Tc from the sorbent and to trap and concentrate the eluted {sup 99m}Tc on the ion-exchange column; and (c) eluting the concentrated {sup 99m}Tc from the ion-exchange column with a solution comprising a reductive complexing agent. 1 fig.

  12. Value of positive myocardial technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scintigraphy in the noninvasive diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wizenberg, T.A.; Muz, J.; Sohn, Y.H.

    1982-04-01

    Ten consecutive patients with tissue-proven amyloidosis, seven of whom presented with congestive heart failure, were found to exhibit intense diffuse uptake of technetium-99m-pyrophosphate (Tc-99m-PYP) on cardiac radionuclide imaging. The patients exhibited echocardiographic and systolic time interval abnormalities suggesting combined restrictive and congestive cardiomyopathic changes. On M-mode echocardiograms, there was symmetrically increased thickness of the interventricular septum and left ventricular (LV) posterior wall in diastole (10 of 10), decreased fractional shortening of the LV minor axis diameter in systole (eight of nine), and decreased percent thickening of the LV minor axis diameter in systole (eight of nine) and LV posterior wallmore » (10 of 10) in systole. Three patients demonstrated enlarged LV end-diastolic diameter. All 10 patients had abnormal PEP/LVET and eight had shortened LVETI. When combined with noninvasive tests of LV performance, positive myocardial pyrophosphate (PYP) scanning provides a new and useful adjunct in the diagnosis of amyloid heart disease.« less

  13. Techniques for loading technetium-99m and rhenium-186/188 radionuclides into pre-formed liposomes for diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy.

    PubMed

    Goins, Beth; Bao, Ande; Phillips, William T

    2010-01-01

    Liposomes can serve as carriers of radionuclides for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications. Herein, procedures are outlined for radiolabeling liposomes with the gamma-emitting radionuclide, technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), for non-invasive detection of disease and for monitoring the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of liposomal drugs, and/or with therapeutic beta-emitting radionuclides, rhenium-186/188 ((186/188)Re), for radionuclide therapy. These efficient and practical liposome radiolabeling methods use a post-labeling mechanism to load (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re into pre-formed liposomes prepared in advance of the labeling procedure. For all liposome radiolabeling methods described, a lipophilic chelator is used to transport (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re across the lipid bilayer of the pre-formed liposomes. Once within the liposome interior, the pre-encapsulated glutathione or ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient provides for stable entrapment of the (99m)Tc and (186/188)Re within the liposomes. In the first method, (99m)Tc is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and (99m)Tc-HMPAO becomes trapped by interaction with the pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the second method, (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re is transported across the lipid bilayer by the lipophilic chelator, N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), and (99m)Tc-BMEDA or (186/188)Re-BMEDA becomes trapped by interaction with pre-encapsulated glutathione within the liposomes. In the third method, an ammonium sulfate (pH) gradient loading technique is employed using liposomes with an extraliposomal pH of 7.4 and an interior pH of 5.1. BMEDA, which is lipophilic at pH 7.4, serves as a lipophilic chelator for (99m)Tc or (186/188)Re to transport the radionuclides across the lipid bilayer. Once within the more acidic liposome interior, (99m)Tc/(186/188)Re-BMEDA complex becomes protonated and more hydrophilic, which

  14. Interrogation of Multidrug Resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) Expression in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells: Correlation of 99mTc-Sestamibi Uptake with Western Blot Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Harpstrite, Scott E.; Gu, Hannah; Natarajan, Radhika; Sharma, Vijay

    2014-01-01

    Objective Histopathological studies indicate approximately 63% of pancreatic tumors express MDR1 Pgp and its polymorphic variants. However, Pgp expression detected at the messenger RNA or protein level does not always correlate with functional transport activity. Because Pgp transport activity is affected by specific mutations as well as the phosphorylation state of the protein, altered or less active forms of Pgp may also be detected by PCR or immunohistochemistry, which do not accurately reflect the status of tumor cell resistance. To interrogate status of functional expression of MDR1 Pgp in MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, cellular transport studies using 99mTc-Sestamibi were performed and correlated with western blot analysis. Methods Biochemical transport assays in human pancreatic carcinoma MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells, human epidermal carcinoma drug sensitive KB-3-1 cells and human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells (negative controls), and human epidermal carcinoma drug resistant KB-8-5 cells, human breast carcinoma stably transfected with Pgp MCF-7/MDR1Pgp cells, and liver carcinoma HepG2 cells (positive controls) were performed. Protein levels were determined using a monoclonal antibody C219. Results 99mTc-Sestamibi demonstrates accumulation in human pancreatic carcinoma MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Uptake profiles are not affected by treatment with LY335979, a Pgp-inhibitor, and correlate to Western blot analysis. Conclusions These cellular transport studies indicate an absence of Pgp at a functional level in MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Because major pancreatic tumors originate from pancreatic duct and 99mTc-Sestamibi undergoes a dominant hepatobiliary mode of excretion, it would not be a sensitive probe for imaging pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Following interrogation of the functional status of Pgp in other pancreatic carcinoma cells, chemotherapeutic drugs that are also MDR1 substrates could offer alternative therapeutics for treating pancreatic adenocarcinomas

  15. A comparison of rat SPECT images obtained using (99m)Tc derived from 99Mo produced by an electron accelerator with that from a reactor.

    PubMed

    Galea, R; Wells, R G; Ross, C K; Lockwood, J; Moore, K; Harvey, J T; Isensee, G H

    2013-05-07

    Recent shortages of molybdenum-99 ((99)Mo) have led to an examination of alternate production methods that could contribute to a more robust supply. An electron accelerator and the photoneutron reaction were used to produce (99)Mo from which technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) is extracted. SPECT images of rat anatomy obtained using the accelerator-produced (99m)Tc with those obtained using (99m)Tc from a commercial generator were compared. Disks of (100)Mo were irradiated with x-rays produced by a 35 MeV electron beam to generate about 1110 MBq (30 mCi) of (99)Mo per disk. After target dissolution, a NorthStar ARSII unit was used to separate the (99m)Tc, which was subsequently used to tag pharmaceuticals suitable for cardiac and bone imaging. SPECT images were acquired for three rats and compared to images for the same three rats obtained using (99m)Tc from a standard reactor (99)Mo generator. The efficiency of (99)Mo-(99m)Tc separation was typically greater than 90%. This study demonstrated the delivery of (99m)Tc from the end of beam to the end user of approximately 30 h. Images obtained using the heart and bone scanning agents using reactor and linac-produced (99m)Tc were comparable. High-power electron accelerators are an attractive option for producing (99)Mo on a national scale.

  16. Eosinophilic enterocolitis diagnosed by means of technetium-99m albumin scintigraphy and treated with budesonide (CIR).

    PubMed Central

    Russel, M G; Zeijen, R N; Brummer, R J; de Bruine, A P; van Kroonenburgh, M J; Stockbrügger, R W

    1994-01-01

    A patient with a 15 year history of diarrhoea of unknown origin is described. Scintigraphy with technetium-99m labelled albumin suggested albumin loss at the terminal ileum and caecum; subsequent colonoscopic biopsies of these macroscopically normal looking areas showed abundant infiltration with eosinophils. A diagnosis of eosinophilic enterocolitis was made. Treatment with prednisolone had good results, but had to be stopped because of severe side effects. Oral cromoglycate and mesalazine were not effective. Budesonide (CIR), a new topically active corticosteroid with very little systemic effects, was at least as effective as prednisolone without producing side effects. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 PMID:7959211

  17. 99mTc-D(LPR): A novel retro-inverso peptide for VEGF receptor-1 targeted tumor imaging.

    PubMed

    Rezazadeh, Farzaneh; Sadeghzadeh, Nourollah; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Abediankenari, Saeid

    2018-05-31

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of D (LPR), a novel retro-inverso peptidomimetic derivative for imaging colon cancer. Two different D (LPR) analogs were designed and compared based on conjugation of HYNIC at peptide's C or N terminal and then labeled with technetium-99m using tricine/EDDA as an exchange coligands. The radiolabeled conjugates were assessed for in vitro stability in saline and serum. The VEGFR-1 and NRP-1 receptors affinity, in vitro internalization and also dissociation Constance was evaluated. SPCET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed in nude mice bearing HT-29 xenograft tumors. Both peptides labeled with technetium-99m in high radiochemical yield (˃97%). Peptide stability studies indicated a high metabolic stability of the radiopeptides in solution and serum. In vitro blocking studies demonstrated specific binding and internalization of [ 99m Tc]Tc-HYNIC-peptides in cultured HUVEC cells. The K d value for 99m Tc-peptide 1 and 99m Tc-peptide 2 were found to be 56.8 ± 12.9 nM and 71.6 ± 17.9 nM respectively. The tumor to muscle ratio was significant at 0.5 and 1 h after injection (4.5 and 4 for 99m Tc-peptide 1 and 4.9 and 4.4 for 99m Tc-peptide 2 at 0.5 and 1 h p.i. respectively). SPECT imaging studies revealed that both radioconjugates had prominent activity accumulation in VEGFR-1 and NRP-1 expressing HT-29 tumors. This study is the first instance of using a radiolabeled retro-inverso peptide for tumor imaging which is a promising tool to improve the performance of fragile peptide probes in vivo as imaging agents and warrant further investigations in other peptide-target systems. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Correlation of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with severity of primary hyperparathyroidism and likelihood of parathyroid adenoma localization on sestamibi scan.

    PubMed

    Kandil, Emad; Tufaro, Anthony P; Carson, Kathryn A; Lin, Frank; Somervell, Helina; Farrag, Tarik; Dackiw, Alan; Zeiger, Martha; Tufano, Ralph P

    2008-10-01

    To determine the relationship between preoperative plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and severity of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and to explore whether presurgical 25(OH)D levels could predict the likelihood of positive results on technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy. Retrospective analysis. Tertiary university referral center. A total of 421 consecutive patients underwent preoperative sestamibi scintigraphy and parathyroid exploration. Patients with cholecalciferol (vitamin D) deficiency, defined as plasma levels lower than 25 ng/mL, were compared with patients having no vitamin D deficiency. We explored the relationship between 25 (OH)D levels and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) levels, adenoma weight, binary sestamibi scan results, and postoperative serum calcium levels (at 1 week and 6 months). We hypothesized that severity of hypovitaminosis D would correlate with severity of PHPT and predict the likelihood of a positive finding on sestamibi scan. Concentrations of iPTH and ALKP and parathyroid adenoma weight were significantly higher in patients with lower 25(OH)D levels (P < .01 for all). Patients with hypovitaminosis D had a greater percentage decrease in serum calcium levels 1 week and 6 months postoperatively (P < .05). Median 25(OH)D levels were lower in patients with positive sestamibi scan results (P < .001). Patients with hypovitaminosis D present with more advanced indices of PHPT. Parathyroid sestamibi scanning is more likely to show positive results for this subset of patients who may then benefit from sestamibi scan-directed surgical intervention.

  19. Tc-99m imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before I-131 treatment.

    PubMed

    Tsai, Chi-Jung; Cheng, Cheng-Yi; Shen, Daniel Hueng-Yuan; Kuo, Shou Jen; Wang, Lien-Yen; Lee, Chiang-Hsuan; Wang, Jhi-Joung; Chang, Ming-Che; Huang, Wen-Sheng

    2016-02-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical role of technetium-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) imaging in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer patients immediately before radioiodine-131 (I-131) treatment (Tx). Eighty-six consecutive post-total-thyroidectomy patients (15 men, 71 women; mean age: 46.8 years) with pathologically diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer were retrospectively studied. Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx using both patient-based and lesion-based measurements were analyzed and were further compared with those of post-Tx I-131 whole-body scans. For patients with unequivocally positive Tc-99m uptake, the sensitivity was 77% (patient-based) and 59% (site-based). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% for both patient-based and site-based measurements. If equivocal Tc-99m uptake was counted as positive, the sensitivity was 83 and 67%, and the PPV was 100 and 99% for patient-based and site-based measurements, respectively. (a) To increase sensitivity yet maintaining high PPV, equivocal Tc-99m uptake should be considered a positive finding. (b) The nearly 100% PPV of Tc-99m imaging immediately before I-131 Tx for remnant detection suggests that Tc-99m imaging not only serves as an alternative to low-dose I-131 scanning in the low-risk post-thyroidectomy patients but also provides a clue for the subsequent I-131 therapeutic dosage and even for the outcome prediction.

  20. Imaging of glutathione localization in brain with technetium-99M meso-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sasaki, T.; Toyama, H.; Oda, K.

    1995-05-01

    Previous studies have shown decreasing [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO uptake in accordance with glutathione (GSH) content in diethyl, maleate (DEM) treated mice brain. In order to elucidate the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO in brain and to visualize the regional localization of GSH in the brain with [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO, the relationship between the tissue GSH content and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO was studied in rats and rabbits. Increasing pre-load of DEM (550 mg/kg body weight), an agent to reduce GSH content by glutathione transferase, led to a decrease in GSH (control 1.972{plus_minus}0.017 vs DEM 1.138{plus_minus}0.106 mM) and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO tomore » half of the control in the rat brain (control 0.281{plus_minus}0.024 vs DEM 0.153 {plus_minus} 0.009 % dose/g). On the other hand, the DEM did not decrease GSH or the uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO in the rabbit brain, in which glutathione transferase activity is very low. These results were also demonstrated by images with pin-hole collimated gamma camera. The uptake of [Tc-99m] meso showed variations in the regional distribution, but the d,l-isomer was uniform. [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO uptake was well correlated with GSH content in mice brain regions (r=0.800, p<0.02), whereas [Tc-99m]d,l-HM-PAO was not (r=0.017, p>0.5). Both [Tc-99m] mesa HM-PAO uptake and GSH content were especially high at cerebellum (Uptake: 2.598{plus_minus}0.256 % dose/g. GSH: 2.372{plus_minus}0.107 mM) as compared to other areas (Uptake;cerebral cortex 1.797{plus_minus}0.100 brain stem 1.607 {plus_minus}0.112 % dose/g. GSH: cerebral cortex 1.635{plus_minus}0.142 brain stem 1.478{plus_minus}0.141 mM).« less

  1. Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine clearance: reference values for infants and children.

    PubMed

    Schofer, O; König, G; Bartels, U; Bockisch, A; Piepenburg, R; Beetz, R; Meyer, G; Hahn, K

    1995-11-01

    Six hundred and thirty-nine clearance studies performed in children aged 7 days to 19 years utilizing technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG 3) were retrospectively analysed. Standardized conditions for the investigation included: parenteral hydration (60 ml/hxm2 body surface) in addition to normal oral fluid intake, weight-related dose of 99mTc-MAG 3 (1 MBq/kg body weight, minimum 15 MBq) and calculation of clearance according to Bubeck et al. Of the 513 children, 169 included in this analysis could be classified as "normal" with regard to their renal function. Normal kidney function was judged by the following criteria: normal GFR for age, normal tubular function (absence of proteinuria and glucosuria), normal renal parenchyma (on ultrasonography, MAG 3 scan and intravenous pyelography), absence of significant obstruction and gross reflux (>grade I), no single kidney and no difference in split renal function >20%. Results showed increasing MAG 3 clearance values for infants during the first months of life, reaching the normal range for older children and adults between 7 and 12 months.

  2. Technetium-99m-Labeled Sulfadiazine: a Targeting Radiopharmaceutical for Scintigraphic Imaging of Infectious Foci Due To Escherichia coli in Mouse and Rabbit Models.

    PubMed

    Ahmed, Muhammad Tauqeer; Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza; Rasheed, Rashid; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad; Usman, Muhammad; Hussain, Zaib

    2017-09-01

    Bacterial infection is one of the vital reasons of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. It appears silently without bothering the geological borders and imposes a grave threat to humanity. Nuclear medicine technique has an important role in helping early diagnosis of deep-seated infections. The aim of this study was to develop a new radiopharmaceutical 99m Tc-labeling sulfadiazine as an infection imaging agent. Radiolabeling of sulfadiazine with technetium-99m ( 99m Tc) was carried out using stannous tartrate as a reducing agent in the presence of gentistic acid at pH = 5. The quality control tests revealed ~98% labeling efficiency. Paper chromatographic (PC) and instant thin-layer chromatographic (ITLC) techniques were used to analyze radiochemical yield. Biodistribution and infection specificity of the radiotracer were performed with Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection-induced rats. Scintigraphy and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) study was performed in E. coli-infected rabbits. Scintigraphy indicated E. coli infection targeting potential of 99m Tc-SDZ, while biodistribution study showed minimal uptake of 99m Tc-SDZ in non-targeted tissues. The uptake in the kidneys was found 2.56 ± 0.06, 2.09 ± 0.10, and 1.68 ± 0.09% at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively. The infected muscle (target) to non-infected muscle (non-target) ratio (T/NT) was found 4.49 ± 0.04, 6.78 ± 0.07, and 5.59 ± 0.08 at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h, respectively.

  3. Axillary lymph node uptake of technetium-99m-MDP

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ongseng, F.; Goldfarb, C.R.; Finestone, H.

    We sought to determine the frequency and significance of axillary lymph node visualization on bone scans performed with diphosphonates. Consecutive {sup 99m}Tc-methylene diphosphonate ({sup 99m}Tc-MDP) bone scans (2435) were inspected for axillary soft-tissue uptake. In positive cases, the results of physical examination, correlative imaging studies and serial bone scans were recorded, as was the site of venipuncture. Forty-eight studies (2%) showed axillary uptake ipsilateral to the injection site. Extravasation of tracer, documented by focal activity near the injection site, was present in every case. There was no association with axillary adenopathy, mass, induration of radiographically visible calcification. On some images,more » foci adjacent to the axilla were superimposed on the rib, scapula, or humerus. The bone-to-background ratio was frequently reduced; repeat imaging after 1-2 hr usually improved osseous detail. Ipsilateral axillary lymph node visualization due to extravasation of {sup 99m}Tc-MDP is frequently associated with additional foci superimposed on osseous structures simulating pathology. Delayed skeletal uptake is common in such cases and necessitates a greater time interval between injection and imaging. 7 refs., 3 figs.« less

  4. 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy used to evaluate tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: A quantitative analysis

    PubMed Central

    KOGA, KATIA HIROMOTO; MORIGUCHI, SONIA MARTA; NETO, JORGE NAHÁS; PERES, STELA VERZINHASSE; SILVA, EDUARDO TINÓIS DA; SARRI, ALMIR JOSÉ; MICHELIN, ODAIR CARLITO; MARQUES, MARIANGELA ESTHER ALENCAR; GRIVA, BEATRIZ LOTUFO

    2010-01-01

    To evaluate the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 99mTc-sestamibi breast scintigraphy was proposed as a quantitative method. Fifty-five patients with ductal carcinoma were studied. They underwent breast scintigraphy before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, along with clinical assessment and surgical specimen analysis. The regions of interest on the lesion and contralateral breast were identified, and the pixel counts were used to evaluate lesion uptake in relation to background radiation. The ratio of these counts before to after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed. The decrease in uptake rate due to chemotherapy characterized the scintigraphy tumor response. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the mean scintigraphic tumor response and histological type. Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used to detect differences between histological types. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare means between quantitative and qualitative variables: scintigraphic tumor response vs. clinical response and uptake before chemotherapy vs. scintigraphic tumor response. The Spearman’s test was used to correlate the quantitative variables of clinical reduction in tumor size and scintigraphic tumor response. All of the variables compared presented significant differences. The change in 99mTc-sestamibi uptake noted on breast scintigraphy, before to after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, may be used as an effective method for evaluating the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, since this quantification reflects the biological behavior of the tumor towards the chemotherapy regimen. Furthermore, additional analysis on the uptake rate before chemotherapy may accurately predict treatment response. PMID:22966312

  5. Evaluation of technetium-99m decay on Escherichia coli inactivation: effects of physical or chemical agents.

    PubMed Central

    Silva, C. R.; Valsa, J. O.; Caniné, M. S.; Caldeira-de-Araújo, A.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

    1998-01-01

    Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been used in nuclear medicine and in biomedical research to label molecular and cellular structures employed as radiotracers. Here, we have evaluated, on a DNA repair proficient Escherichia coli strain, the 99mTc decay inactivation and the influence of the (i) pre-treatment with metal ion chelators or of the (ii) treatment with a free radical scavenger on the protection of the cells against the lethal effect of the 99mTc. As SnCl2 is frequently used as a reducing agent in the 99mTc-labeling process, we have also studied the capability of SnCl2 to alter the biological effects induced by the 99mTc decay. As we are exposed to either chemical or physical agents in the nature, we have decided to study a possible influence of the ultraviolet solar radiation in the biological phenomena induced by the 99mTc decay. Our data point out (i) a very important role of the Auger and/or conversion electrons in the cytotoxicity induced by the 99mTc decay; (ii) SnCl2, the metal ion chelators and the free radical scavenger protect the cells against the lethal effect of the 99mTc; and (iii) near-UV does not alter the lethal effect of the 99mTc decay. PMID:9713950

  6. Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of 99mTc-Metronidazole as an Escherichia coli Infection Imaging Radiopharmaceutical.

    PubMed

    Iqbal, Anam; Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza; Rasheed, Rashid; Mansha, Asim; Ahmad, Matloob; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad

    2018-05-01

    Bacterial infection poses life-threatening challenge to humanity and stimulates to the researchers for developing better diagnostic and therapeutic agents complying with existing theranostic techniques. Nuclear medicine technique helps to visualize hard-to-diagnose deep-seated bacterial infections using radionuclide-labeled tracer agents. Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal antibiotic that serves as a preeminent anaerobic chemotherapeutic agent. The aim of this study was to develop technetium-99m-labeled metronidazole radiotracer for the detection of deep-seated bacterial infections. Radiosynthesis of 99m Tc-metronidazole was carried by reacting reduced technetium-99m and metronidazole at neutral pH for 30 min. The stannous chloride dihydrate was used as the reducing agent. At optimum radiolabeling conditions, ~ 94% radiochemical was obtained. Quality control analysis was carried out with a chromatographic paper and instant thin-layer chromatographic analysis. The biodistribution study of radiochemical was performed using Escherichia coli bacterial infection-induced rat model. The scintigraphic study was performed using E. coli bacterial infection-induced rabbit model. The results showed promising accumulation at the site of infection and its rapid clearance from the body. The tracer showed target-to-non-target ratio 5.57 ± 0.04 at 1 h post-injection. The results showed that 99m Tc-MNZ has promising potential to accumulate at E. coli bacterial infection that can be used for E. coli infection imaging.

  7. Detection of bacterial infection by a technetium-99m-labeled peptidoglycan aptamer.

    PubMed

    Ferreira, Iêda Mendes; de Sousa Lacerda, Camila Maria; Dos Santos, Sara Roberta; de Barros, André Luís Branco; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

    2017-09-01

    Nuclear medicine clinicians are still waiting for the optimal scintigraphic imaging agents capable of distinguishing between infection and inflammation, and between fungal and bacterial infections. Aptamers have several properties that make them suitable for molecular imaging. In the present study, a peptidoglycan aptamer (Antibac1) was labeled with 99m Tc and evaluated by biodistribution studies and scintigraphic imaging in infection-bearing mice. Labeling with 99m Tc was performed by the direct method and the complex stability was evaluated in saline, plasma and in the molar excess of cysteine. The biodistribution and scintigraphic imaging studies with the 99m Tc-Antibac1 were carried out in two different experimental infection models: Bacterial-infected mice (S. aureus) and fungal-infected mice (C. albicans). A 99m Tc radiolabeled library, consisting of oligonucleotides with random sequences, was used as a control for both models. Radiolabeling yields were superior to 90% and 99m Tc-Antibac1 was highly stable in presence of saline, plasma, and cysteine up to 6h. Scintigraphic images of S. aureus infected mice at 1.5 and 3.0h after 99m Tc-Antibac1 injection showed target to non-target ratios of 4.7±0.9 and 4.6±0.1, respectively. These values were statistically higher than those achieved for the 99m Tc-library at the same time frames (1.6±0.4 and 1.7±0.4, respectively). Noteworthy, 99m Tc-Antibac1 and 99m Tc-library showed similar low target to non-target ratios in the fungal-infected model: 2.0±0.3 and 2.0±0.6for 99m Tc-Antibac1 and 2.1±0.3 and 1.9 ± 0.6 for 99m Tc-library, at the same times. These findings suggest that the 99m Tc-Antibac1 is a feasible imaging probe to identify a bacterial infection focus. In addition, this radiolabeled aptamer seems to be suitable in distinguishing between bacterial and fungal infection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  8. Technetium-99m and rhenium-188 complexes with one and two pendant bisphosphonate groups for imaging arterial calcification.

    PubMed

    Bordoloi, Jayanta Kumar; Berry, David; Khan, Irfan Ullah; Sunassee, Kavitha; de Rosales, Rafael Torres Martin; Shanahan, Catherine; Blower, Philip J

    2015-03-21

    The first (99m)Tc and (188)Re complexes containing two pendant bisphosphonate groups have been synthesised, based on the mononuclear M(v) nitride core with two dithiocarbamate ligands each with a pendant bisphosphonate. The structural identity of the (99)Tc and stable rhenium analogues as uncharged, mononuclear nitridobis(dithiocarbamate) complexes was determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The (99m)Tc complex showed greater affinity for synthetic and biological hydroxyapatite, and greater stability in biological media, than the well-known but poorly-characterised and inhomogeneous bone imaging agent (99m)Tc-MDP. It gave excellent SPECT images of both bone calcification (mice and rats) and vascular calcification (rat model), but the improved stability and the availability of two pendant bisphosphonate groups conferred no dramatic advantage in imaging over the conventional (99m)Tc-MDP agent in which the bisphosphonate group is bound directly to Tc. The (188)Re complex also showed preferential uptake in bone. These tracers and the biological model of vascular calcification offer the opportunity to study the biological interpretation and clinical potential of radionuclide imaging of vascular calcification and to deliver radionuclide therapy to bone metastases.

  9. Imaging study of using radiopharmaceuticals labeled with cyclotron-produced 99mTc.

    PubMed

    Hou, X; Tanguay, J; Vuckovic, M; Buckley, K; Schaffer, P; Bénard, F; Ruth, T J; Celler, A

    2016-12-07

    Cyclotron-produced 99m Tc (CPTc) has been recognized as an attractive and practical substitution of reactor/generator based 99m Tc. However, the small amount of 92-98 Mo in the irradiation of enriched 100 Mo could lead to the production of other radioactive technetium isotopes (Tc-impurities) which cannot be chemically separated. Thus, these impurities could contribute to patient dose and affect image quality. The potential radiation dose caused by these Tc-impurities produced using different targets, irradiation conditions, and corresponding to different injection times have been investigated, leading us to create dose-based limits of these parameters for producing clinically acceptable CPTc. However, image quality has been not considered. The aim of the present work is to provide a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of image quality for CPTc. The impact of Tc-impurities in CPTc on image resolution, background noise, and contrast is investigated by performing both Monte-Carlo simulations and phantom experiments. Various targets, irradiation, and acquisition conditions are employed for investigating the image-based limits of CPTc production parameters. Additionally, the relationship between patient dose and image quality of CPTc samples is studied. Only those samples which meet both dose- and image-based limits should be accepted in future clinical studies.

  10. Imaging study of using radiopharmaceuticals labeled with cyclotron-produced 99mTc

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hou, X.; Tanguay, J.; Vuckovic, M.; Buckley, K.; Schaffer, P.; Bénard, F.; Ruth, T. J.; Celler, A.

    2016-12-01

    Cyclotron-produced 99mTc (CPTc) has been recognized as an attractive and practical substitution of reactor/generator based 99mTc. However, the small amount of 92-98Mo in the irradiation of enriched 100Mo could lead to the production of other radioactive technetium isotopes (Tc-impurities) which cannot be chemically separated. Thus, these impurities could contribute to patient dose and affect image quality. The potential radiation dose caused by these Tc-impurities produced using different targets, irradiation conditions, and corresponding to different injection times have been investigated, leading us to create dose-based limits of these parameters for producing clinically acceptable CPTc. However, image quality has been not considered. The aim of the present work is to provide a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of image quality for CPTc. The impact of Tc-impurities in CPTc on image resolution, background noise, and contrast is investigated by performing both Monte-Carlo simulations and phantom experiments. Various targets, irradiation, and acquisition conditions are employed for investigating the image-based limits of CPTc production parameters. Additionally, the relationship between patient dose and image quality of CPTc samples is studied. Only those samples which meet both dose- and image-based limits should be accepted in future clinical studies.

  11. Update on radionuclide imaging in hepatobiliary disease. [/sup 99m/Tc-labelled acetanilide iminodracetic acid analogues

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rosenthall, L.

    1981-05-01

    The recent introduction of technetium Tc 99m-labeled acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (/sup 99m/Tc-IDA) analogues has facilitated the clincal study of the bile flow pathways. A variety of /sup 99m/Tc-IDA derivaties are under investigation. Basically all are metabolized by the hepatocyte and immediately thereafter excreted unconjugated into the biliary tract. Of the various derivatives tested, e.g., dimethyl (lidofenin), diethyl, paraisopropyl (iprofenin), parabutyl (butilfenin), and diisopropyl (disofenin), the last named is the best universal agent at this time. By serial liver imaging the patency of the cystic duct and the integrity of altered cholangiointestinal anatomy can be assessed, leakage of bile and gastricmore » reflux can be disclosed, and medical and surgical jaundice can be distinguished.« less

  12. Early identification of amyloid heart disease by technetium-99m-pyrophosphate scintigraphy: a study with familial amyloid polyneuropathy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hongo, M.; Hirayama, J.; Fujii, T.

    1987-03-01

    To determine whether technetium-99m-pyrophosphate (Tc-99m-PYP) scanning or two-dimensional echocardiography can detect amyloid heart disease in an earlier stage of familial amyloid polyneuropathy, 15 patients were examined. Although 10 of the 15 patients had no clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, as well as normal ventricular wall thickness and normal values for left ventricular systolic function, five (50%) of them showed mild or moderate myocardial uptake. On the other hand, none had characteristic highly refractile myocardial echoes on the two-dimensional echocardiographic images (p less than 0.01), and values for diastolic function were reduced in four of the five and normal inmore » the remaining one. In 85 control subjects, diffuse positive pyrophosphate scans of the heart were found in four (5%) of them (three with dilated cardiomyopathy and one with sarcoidosis), and highly refractile granular sparkling echoes were observed in nine (11%) (five with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, three with aortic stenosis, and one with hypereosinophilic syndrome). We conclude that Tc-99m-PYP scanning is a more sensitive and specific method and may have the potential ability to detect amyloid heart disease in the earlier stage of familial amyloid polyneuropathy than two-dimensional echocardiography.« less

  13. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA as a novel hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor imaging agent.

    PubMed

    Yang, Wenjiang; Mou, Tiantian; Zhang, Xianzhong; Wang, Xuebin

    2010-01-01

    A novel bifunctional coupling agents-biomolecular compound DMP-NGA was prepared by coupling the SATP with galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA). The DMP-NGA was labeled with technetium-99m, and the radiochemical purity in excess of 98% after purified with HPLC. In vivo biodistribution showed that (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA had very high initial liver uptake with good retention. The liver accumulated 99.35+/-9.77%, 74.25+/-3.03%, 52.47+/-7.58% of the injected dose per gram at 5, 30 and 120min after injection, respectively. It had relative higher initial liver uptake and much lower blood uptake than that of (99m)Tc-GSA. The liver/blood ratio reached 83.4 at 30min post-injection, while the ratio of liver/kidney was 14.4. The uptakes in other organs in the abdomen were also slightly low. In addition, the hepatic uptake of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA was blocked by preinjecting free GSA as blocking agent. The result indicates that (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA has specific binding to ASGP receptor. Images acquired with Kodak In-Vivo Imaging System FX Pro showed significant difference before and after inhibition. The promising biological properties of (99m)Tc-DMP-NGA afford potential applications in liver receptor imaging for assessment of hepatocyte function.

  14. Significance of Technetium-99m Human Serum Albumin Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Scintigraphy in Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Takashima, Tsuyoshi; Kishi, Tomoya; Onozawa, Koji; Rikitake, Shuichi; Miyazono, Motoaki; Otsuka, Takateru; Irie, Hiroyuki; Iwakiri, Ryuichi; Fujimoto, Kazuma; Ikeda, Yuji

    2015-01-01

    It is thought that a large amount of albumin leaking from the glomerulus in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule and catabolized. Therefore, it is possible the final quantity of urinary protein does not always reflect the amount of leakage of protein from the glomerulus. We experienced two cases without nephrotic range proteinuria thought to involve hypoproteinemia due to the same pathophysiology as NS. On these patients, we performed protein leakage scintigraphy with technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-HSAD) to exclude a diagnosis of protein-losing gastroenteropathy and observed diffuse positive accumulation in the kidneys with more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration. In healthy adults intravenously given 99mTc-HSAD, the same dynamics are observed as in albumin metabolism, and the organ radioactivity of the liver and kidneys after 24 hours is equal. Therefore, we thought it was possible that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration was a characteristic finding of NS. In order to confirm it, the subjects were divided into two groups: the NS group (n = 10) and the non-NS group (n = 7). We defined more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration as Dense Kidney (+). Furthermore, we designed regions of interest in the right and left kidneys and liver on anterior and posterior images, then calculated the kidney-liver ratio. Nine of the ten patients had Dense Kidney (+) in the NS group, compared to none in the non-NS group. And the kidney-liver ratio was significantly higher in the NS group than in the non-NS group on each view in the bilateral kidneys. In conclusion, our results suggest that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration is a characteristic finding of NS. PMID:25859658

  15. Significance of technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid scintigraphy in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

    PubMed

    Takashima, Tsuyoshi; Kishi, Tomoya; Onozawa, Koji; Rikitake, Shuichi; Miyazono, Motoaki; Otsuka, Takateru; Irie, Hiroyuki; Iwakiri, Ryuichi; Fujimoto, Kazuma; Ikeda, Yuji

    2015-01-01

    It is thought that a large amount of albumin leaking from the glomerulus in nephrotic syndrome (NS) is reabsorbed at the proximal tubule and catabolized. Therefore, it is possible the final quantity of urinary protein does not always reflect the amount of leakage of protein from the glomerulus. We experienced two cases without nephrotic range proteinuria thought to involve hypoproteinemia due to the same pathophysiology as NS. On these patients, we performed protein leakage scintigraphy with technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (99mTc-HSAD) to exclude a diagnosis of protein-losing gastroenteropathy and observed diffuse positive accumulation in the kidneys with more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration. In healthy adults intravenously given 99mTc-HSAD, the same dynamics are observed as in albumin metabolism, and the organ radioactivity of the liver and kidneys after 24 hours is equal. Therefore, we thought it was possible that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration was a characteristic finding of NS. In order to confirm it, the subjects were divided into two groups: the NS group (n = 10) and the non-NS group (n = 7). We defined more intense uptake in the kidney than the liver on the anterior view 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration as Dense Kidney (+). Furthermore, we designed regions of interest in the right and left kidneys and liver on anterior and posterior images, then calculated the kidney-liver ratio. Nine of the ten patients had Dense Kidney (+) in the NS group, compared to none in the non-NS group. And the kidney-liver ratio was significantly higher in the NS group than in the non-NS group on each view in the bilateral kidneys. In conclusion, our results suggest that the renal uptake 24 hours after 99mTc-HSAD administration is a characteristic finding of NS.

  16. Fab(nimotuzumab)-HYNIC-99mTc: Antibody Fragmentation for Molecular Imaging Agents.

    PubMed

    Calzada, Victoria; García, María Fernanda; Alonso-Martínez, Luis Michel; Camachoc, Ximena; Goicochea, Enzo; Fernández, Marcelo; Castillo, Abmel Xiques; Díaz-Miqueli, Arlhee; Iznaga-Escobar, Normando; Montaña, René Leyva; Alonso, Omar; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Cabral, Pablo

    2016-01-01

    Finally, fast blood clearance nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognise, with high specific affinity, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) which play an important role in the growth process associated with many solid tumors. In this work, the whole antibody was digested with papain in order to generate a Fab fragment, derivatized with NHS-HYNIC-Tfa and radiolabel with technetium-99m (99mTc) as a potential agent of molecular imaging of cancer. Both, whole and fragment radiolabels were in-vivo and in-vitro characterized. Radiolabeling conditions with Tricine as coligand and quality controls were assessed to confirm the integrity of the labeled fragment. Biodistribution and imaging studies in normal and spontaneous adenocarcinoma mice were performed at different times to determine the in-vivo characteristics of the radiolabel fragment. Tumor localization was visualized by conventional gamma camera imaging studies, and the results were compared with the whole antibody. Also, an immunoreactivity assay was carried out for both. The results showed clearly the integrity of the nimotuzumab fragment and the affinity by the receptor was verified. Fab(nimotuzumab)-HYNIC was obtained with high purity and a simple strategy of radiolabeling was performed. Finally, a fast blood clearance was observed in the biodistribution studies increasing the tumor uptake of Fab(nimotuzumab)- HYNIC-99mTc over time, with tumor/muscle ratios of 3.81 ± 0.50, 5.16 ± 1.97 and 6.32 ± 1.98 at 1 h, 4 h and 24 h post injection. Urinary excretion resulted in 32.89 ± 3.91 %ID eliminated at 24 h. Scintigraphy images showed uptake in the tumor and the activity in non-target organs was consistent with the biodistribution data at the same time points. Hence, these preliminary results showed important further characteristic of Fab(nimotuzumab)-HYNIC-99mTc as a molecular imaging agent of cancer.

  17. Applications and interpretation of krypton 81m ventilation/technetium 99m macroaggregate perfusion lung scanning in childhood

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Davies, Hugh Trevor Frimston

    Radionuclide ventilation perfusion lung scans now play an important part in the investigation of paediatric lung disease, providing a safe, noninvasive assessment of regional lung function in children with suspected pulmonary disease. In paediatric practice the most suitable radionuclides are Krypton 81m (Kr81m) and Technetium 99m (Tc99m), which are jointly used in the Kr81m ventilation/Tc99m macroaggregate perfusion lung scan (V/Q lung scan). The Kr81m ventilation scan involves a low radiation dose, requires little or no subject cooperation and because of the very short half life of Kr81m (13 seconds) the steady state image acquired during continuous inhalation of the radionuclide is considered to reflect regional distribution of ventilation. It is now the most important noninvasive method available for the investigation of the regional abnormalities of ventilation characteristic of many congenital and acquired paediatric respiratory diseases, such as diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary sequestration, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, foreign body inhalation and bronchiectasis. It improves diagnostic accuracy, aids clinical decision making and is used to monitor the progress of disease and response to therapy. Theoretical analysis of the steady state Kr81m ventilation image suggests that it may only reflect regional ventilation when specific ventilation (ventilation per unit volume of lung) is within or below the normal adult range (1-3 L/L/min). At higher values such as those seen in neonates and infants (8-15 L/L/min) Kr81m activity may reflect regional lung volume rather than ventilation, a conclusion supported by the studies of Ciofetta et al. There is some controversy on this issue as animal studies have demonstrated that the Kr81m image reflects ventilation over a much wider range of specific ventilation (up to 13 L/L/min). A clinical study of sick infants and very young children is in agreement with this animal work and suggests that the steady state Kr81m image

  18. Method of tagging excipients with /sup 99m/Tc

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bardy, A.; Beydon, J.; Gobin, R.

    1977-11-08

    A method of using /sup 99m/technetium for tagging excipients in medical diagnosis by scintigraphy comprises mixing, in an aqueous solution of alkali-metal pertechnetate, an excipient and a reducing agent in the form of a complex, which complex is such that the association constant of the anion with reduced techetium is less than the association constant of the excipient with reduced technetium, thereby forming a radio-pharmaceutical substance which is a complex between the excipient and /sup 99m/technetium.

  19. Assessment of antioxidative ability in brain: Imaging of glutathione localization with technetium-99M meso-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sasaki, T.; Toyama, H.; Oda, K.

    1994-05-01

    An oxidative stress is postulated to be important in tissue injury after ischemia and reperfusion, inflammation, aging and various disease. Glutathione (GSH), one of the major antioxidants in the brain, is presumed to be responsible for the metabolism and retention of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO. In order to visualize the regional localization of GSH in the brain, the relationship between the concentrations of tissue GSH and uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO and [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO was studied in mice. Increasing load of diethyl maleate (DEM), a reducing agent of GSH and several other thiols, before [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO injection, led to a dose dependent decreasemore » of GSH and [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO. At the highest dose of loaded DEM, the uptake of [Tc-99m] meso-HM-PAO in the brain was decreased to 20-30% of the control. In contrast, pretreatment with DEM did little affect the [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO uptake. To elucidate the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] HM-PAO in brain, we studied the in vitro interactions of [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO and [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO with GSH, ascorbate and cysteine by measuring octanol-extractable radioactivity, which is remaining intact [Tc-99m] HM-PAO, as a function of incubation period. The disappearance raw of [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO and [TC-99m] d,l-HM-PAO were 0.18 and 0.96%/min, respectively. Either meso or d,l-isomer did not interact with ascorbate or cysteine. This result suggested that the retention mechanism of [Tc-99m] meso- and d,l-isomers in brain was related to their specific interaction with GSH, and did not related to non-specific interaction with various thiols or other reducing agents. This extremely high reaction rate of [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO with GSH could explain the capability of a small amount of GSH to trap [Tc-99m] d,l-HM-PAO in maximum DEM loading. These results indicated that [Tc-99m] meso-HMPAO would be suitable to image the concentration of GSH in the brain, as opposed d,l-isomer that images blood flow.« less

  20. Scintigraphic detection of occult hemorrhage using RBCs labeled in vitro with technetium Tc 99m sodium pertechnetate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bunker, S.R.; Kolina, J.S.; Kaplan, K.A.

    1983-05-01

    Scintigraphy with RBCs labeled with technetium Tc 99m sodium pertechnetate effectively located the source of hemorrhage in a patient receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy. (The patient was initially seen with a large hematoma on the flank.) More important, the procedure was used to monitor activity in this otherwise-occult bleeding site. Scintigraphic studies may be useful in the management of these difficult clinical problems.

  1. Imaging discordance between hepatic angiography versus Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT: a case series, technical discussion and clinical implications.

    PubMed

    Kao, Yung Hsiang; Tan, Eik Hock; Teo, Terence Kiat Beng; Ng, Chee Eng; Goh, Soon Whatt

    2011-11-01

    During pre-therapy evaluation for yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization, it is uncommon to find severe imaging discordance between hepatic angiography versus technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m-MAA) single photon emission computed tomography with integrated low-dose CT (SPECT/CT). The reasons for severe imaging discordance are unclear, and literature is scarce. We describe 3 patients with severe imaging discordance, whereby tumor angiographic contrast hypervascularity was markedly mismatched to the corresponding Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT, and its clinical impact. The incidence of severe imaging discordance at our institution was 4% (3 of 74 cases). We postulate that imaging discordance could be due to a combination of 3 factors: (1) different injection rates between soluble contrast molecules versus Tc-99m-MAA; (2) different arterial flow hemodynamics between soluble contrast molecules versus Tc-99m-MAA; (3) eccentric release position of Tc-99m-MAA due to microcatheter tip location, inadvertently selecting non-target microparticle trajectories. Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT more accurately represents hepatic microparticle biodistribution than soluble contrast hepatic angiography and should be a key criterion in patient selection for Y-90 radioembolization. Tc-99m-MAA SPECT/CT provides more information than planar scintigraphy to guide radiation planning and clinical decision making. Severe imaging discordance at pre-therapy evaluation is ominous and should be followed up by changes to the final vascular approach during Y-90 radioembolization.

  2. The Design and Emulation of a Multiple-Camera SPECT Breast Imager

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1998-06-01

    geometry. Standard clinical injections of Tc-99m Sestamibi contain 20 mCi of activity The estimated percentage of the activity taken up by a single...was to work on five tasks. (1) Given a female patient in the clinic who had been injected with Tc-99m Sestamibi, what percentage of the injected...25 mCi of Tc-99m Sestamibi and undergone imaging on standard clinical instruments for other medical reasons. Upon completion of those studies, the

  3. Technetium tc 99m-labeled red blood cells in the preoperative diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma and other vascular orbital tumors.

    PubMed

    Polito, Ennio; Burroni, Luca; Pichierri, Patrizia; Loffredo, Antonio; Vattimo, Angelo G

    2005-12-01

    To evaluate technetium Tc 99m (99mTc) red blood cell scintigraphy as a diagnostic tool for orbital cavernous hemangioma and to differentiate between orbital masses on the basis of their vascularization. We performed 99mTc red blood cell scintigraphy on 23 patients (8 female and 15 male; mean age, 47 years) affected by an orbital mass previously revealed with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and suggesting cavernous hemangioma. In our diagnosis, we considered the orbital increase delayed uptake with the typical scintigraphic pattern known as perfusion blood pool mismatch. The patients underwent biopsy or surgical treatment with transconjunctival cryosurgical extraction when possible. Single-photon emission tomography (SPET) showed intense focal uptake in the orbit corresponding to radiologic findings in 11 patients who underwent surgical treatment and pathologic evaluation (9 cavernous hemangiomas, 1 hemangiopericytoma, and 1 lymphangioma). Clinical or histologic examination of the remaining 22 patients revealed the presence of 5 lymphoid pseudotumors, 2 lymphomas, 2 pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland, 1 astrocytoma, 1 ophthalmic vein thrombosis, and 1 orbital varix. The confirmation of the preoperative diagnosis by 99mTc red blood cell scintigraphy shows that this technique is a reliable tool for differentiating cavernous hemangiomas from other orbital masses (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 86%) when ultrasound, CT, and MRI are not diagnostic. Unfortunately, 99mTc red blood cell scintigraphy results were positive in 1 patient with hemangiopericytoma and 1 patient with lymphangioma, which showed increased uptake in the lesion on SPET images because of the vascular nature of these tumors. Therefore, in these cases, the SPET images have to be integrated with data regarding clinical preoperative evaluation and CT scans or MRI studies. On the basis of our study, a complete diagnostic picture, CT scans or MRI studies, and

  4. A novel approach to infection imaging using a synthetic Tc-99m-labeled leukotactic peptide

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Som, P.; Oster, Z.H.; Sharma, S.

    1996-05-01

    RMT1, a synthetic peptide binding to PMN and macrophage receptors was labeled with Tc-99m and investigated as a potential imaging agent for abscess and inflammation. Experimental abscesses were induced in rabbits and dogs by turpentine and E.coli injection. After injection of Tc-99m-RMT1 two and twelve day old abscesses were visualized within 20 min. In initial studies, a dose of 30 {mu}g of peptide/3 mCi was used. This amount was subsequently reduced to 1.5 {mu}g peptide with same amount of Tc-99m yielding similar imaging results. Technetium-99m-IgG and Tc-99m-MAG-3 were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After injection of IgG abscessesmore » were visualized but activity in blood was always higher than in abscess. When using Tc-99m RMT1 rapid abscess visualization and faster blood clearance was observed. The accumulation of RMT1 was monophasic, i.e., following the initial visualization, activity continued to build up continuously for 1{1/2} hr. Tc-99m-MAG3 accumulated initially in abscess, but activity washed out. In dogs, RMT1 blood clearance showed three components: a fast component with t{1/2}=1.9 min, 73%, intermediate t{1/2}=22 min, 24.5% and slow component, t{1/2}=115, 9.5% with 3 hours cumulative urine excretion of 40-51%. RMT1 appears to be more advantageous than currently available methods because of rapidity of imaging, simpler preparation before injection and will probably be less expensive and time consuming compared to labeled WBC. These results indicate that clinical experiments are warranted.« less

  5. Comparison of technetium-99m-HM-PAO leukocytes with indium-111-oxine leukocytes for localizing intraabdominal sepsis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mountford, P.J.; Kettle, A.G.; O'Doherty, M.J.

    Technetium-99m-HM-PAO (({sup 99m}Tc)HM-PAO) leukocyte and indium-111-oxine (111In-oxine) leukocyte scanning were carried out simultaneously in 41 patients at 4 hr and 24 hr after reinjection to determine whether the 4-hr {sup 99m}Tc scan could replace the 24-hr {sup 111}In scan for detecting intraabdominal sepsis. Abdominal infection was confirmed in 12 cases. The 4-hr {sup 99}Tc-leukocyte scan, the 4-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scan, and the 24-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scan yielded a sensitivity of 100%, 67%, and 100%, respectively, and a specificity of 62%, 90%, and 86%, respectively. The 24-hr {sup 99m}Tc-leukocyte scan also produced a sensitivity of 100%, but it was falsely positivemore » in all 29 cases without infection due to physiologic bowel uptake. False-positive 4-hr {sup 99m}Tc-leukocyte scans were also produced by physiologic bowel uptake in seven cases all of whom had true-negative 4-hr and 24-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scans. Because of the high incidence of false-positive 4-hr ({sup 99m}Tc)HM-PAO leukocyte scans, it was concluded that they could not replace 24-hr {sup 111}In-leukocyte scans for detecting intraabdominal sepsis, and that serial {sup 99m}Tc leukocyte scans starting earlier than 4 hr after reinjection must be evaluated.« less

  6. Influence of exercise on the distribution of technetium Tc 99m medronate following intra-articular injection in horses.

    PubMed

    Dulin, Jennifer A; Drost, W Tod; Phelps, Mitch A; Santschi, Elizabeth M; Menendez, Maria I; Bertone, Alicia L

    2012-03-01

    To determine the effects of exercise on the distribution and pharmacokinetics of technetium Tc 99m medronate ((99m)Tc-MDP) following intra-articular (IA) injection in horses. 5 horses. 1 antebrachiocarpal joint (ACJ)/horse was assigned to the exercised group (n = 5), and the contralateral ACJ was evaluated in the nonexercised group (5) after a minimum washout period of 7 days. Following IA injection of (99m)Tc-MDP (148 MBq), blood and scintigraphic images of the carpus were obtained at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, and 1,440 minutes. Plasma and scintigraphic radioactivity were determined over time, and pharmacokinetic parameters were generated via noncompartmental and compartmental analyses. Each horse was monitored via physical and lameness examination and ACJ synovial fluid analysis before injection and at days 1, 2, 3, and 7. Lameness was not observed. Mean ± SD synovial fluid WBC count increased at day 1 (exercised, 721 ± 234 cells/μL; nonexercised, 948 ± 223 cells/μL), but returned to baseline at days 3 and 7 Mean time to maximum plasma radioactivity was earlier in the exercised group (16.00 ± 2.35 minutes) than the nonexercised group (43.75 ± 3.64 minutes). Linear regression of the scintigraphic radioactivity-time curves revealed a greater negative slope in the exercised group within the first 25 minutes. There was no difference in absorption or elimination rate constants in a 2-compartment model. IA injection of (99m)Tc-MDP was safe and effective for evaluating synovial solute distribution. Exercise significantly increased early transfer of (99m)Tc-MDP from the ACJ into plasma, although absorption and elimination rate constants were not affected. Exercise may affect synovial clearance and withdrawal times of medications administered IA.

  7. Present assessment of myocardial viability by nuclear imaging.

    PubMed

    Saha, G B; MacIntyre, W J; Brunken, R C; Go, R T; Raja, S; Wong, C O; Chen, E Q

    1996-10-01

    Prospective delineation of viable from nonviable myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease in an important factor in deciding whether a patient should be revascularized or treated medically. Two common techniques--single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission computed tomography (PET)--are used in nuclear medicine using various radiopharmaceuticals for the detection of myocardial viability in patients. Thallium-201 (201Tl) and technetium-99m (99mTc)-sestamibi are the common radiopharmaceuticals used in different protocols using SPECT, whereas fluoride-18 (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and rubidium-82 (82Rb) are most widely used in PET. The SPECT protocols involve stress/redistribution, stress/redistribution/reinjection, and rest/redistribution imaging techniques. Many studies have compared the results of 201Tl and (99mTc)-sestamibi SPECT with those of FDG PET; in some studies, concordant results have been found between delayed thallium and FDG results, indicating that 201Tl, although considered a perfusion agent, shows myocardial viability. Discordant results in a number of studies have been found between sestamibi and FDG, suggesting that the efficacy of sestamibi as a viability marker has yet to be established. Radiolabeled fatty acids such as iodine-123 (123I)-para-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid and carbon-11 (11C)-palmitic acid have been used for the assessment of myocardial viability with limited success. 11C-labeled acetate is a good marker of oxidative metabolism in the heart and has been used to predict the reversibility of wall motion abnormalities. (18F)-FDG is considered the marker of choice for myocardial viability, although variable results are obtained under different physiological conditions. Detection of myocardial viability can be greatly improved by developing new equipment and radiopharmaceuticals of better quality.

  8. 2-Phenylbenzothiazole conjugated with cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl [CpM(CO)3] (M = Re, (99m)Tc) complexes as potential imaging probes for β-amyloid plaques.

    PubMed

    Jia, Jianhua; Cui, Mengchao; Dai, Jiapei; Liu, Boli

    2015-04-14

    Technetium-99m-labeled cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl complexes conjugated with the 2-phenylbenzothiazole binding motif were synthesized. The rhenium surrogates , , and were demonstrated to have moderate to high affinities for Aβ1-42 aggregates with Ki values of 142, 76, 64 and 24 nM, respectively. During the fluorescence staining of brain sections of transgenic mice and patients with Alzheimer's disease, these rhenium complexes demonstrated perfect and intense labeling of Aβ plaques. Moreover, in in vitro autoradiography, (99m)Tc-labeled complexes clearly detected β-amyloid plaques on sections of brain tissue from transgenic mice, which confirmed the sufficient affinity of these tracers for Aβ plaques. However, these compounds did not show desirable properties in vivo, especially showing poor brain uptake (below 0.5% ID g(-1)), which will hinder the further development of these tracers as brain imaging agents. Nonetheless, it is encouraging that these (99m)Tc-labeled complexes designed by a conjugate approach displayed sufficient affinities for Aβ plaques.

  9. Imaging of irradiated liver with Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and Tc-99m-IDA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gelfand, M.J.; Saha, S.; Aron, B.S.

    1981-09-01

    In three cases, irradiated regions of liver failed to concentrate Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In two of these three, imaging with Tc-99m-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (IDA) agents within five days showed near normal hepatic uptake of this hepatobiliary imaging agent. The hepatic parenchymal cells may be imaged with Tc-99m-IDA in some irradiated regions of liver, despite loss of reticuloendothelial cell function.

  10. Efficacy of full-fat milk and diluted lemon juice in reducing infra-cardiac activity of (99m)Tc sestamibi during myocardial perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Purbhoo, Khushica; Vangu, Mboyo Di Tamba Willy

    2015-01-01

    When using (99m)Tc sestamibi for myocardial perfusion imaging, increased splanchnic activity creates a problem in the visual and quantitative interpretation of the inferior and infero-septal walls of the left ventricle. We sought to determine whether the administration of diluted lemon juice or full-fat milk would be effective in reducing interfering infra-cardiac activity and therefore result in an improvement in image quality. We compared the administration of full-fat milk and diluted lemon juice to a control group that had no intervention. The study was carried out prospectively. All patients referred to our institution for myocardial perfusion imaging from November 2009 to May 2012 were invited to be enrolled in the study. A total of 630 patients were randomised into three groups. Group 0 (G0), 246 patients, were given diluted lemon juice, group 1 (G1), 313 patients, were given full-fat milk, and group 2 (G2), 71 patients, had no intervention (control group). A routine two-day protocol was used and the patients were given the same intervention on both days. Raw data of both the stress and rest images were visually assessed for the presence of infra-cardiac activity, and quantitative grading of the relative intensity of myocardial activity to infra-cardiac activity was determined. The physicians were blinded to the intervention received and the data were reviewed simultaneously. The overall incidence of interfering infra-cardiac activity at stress was 84.1, 84.5 and 96.6% in G0, G1 and G2, respectively (p = 0.005). At rest it was 91.7, 90.1 and 100% in G0, G1 and G2, respectively (p = 0.0063). The visual and quantitative results favoured both milk and lemon juice in reducing the amount of interfering infra-cardiac activity versus no intervention. The administration of milk or lemon juice resulted in a significant decrease in the intensity of infra-cardiac activity compared to the control group. This reduction in intensity was even more significant in the milk

  11. Myocardial perfusion imaging with technetium-99m SQ30217: Comparison with thallium-201 and coronary anatomy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Seldin, D.W.; Johnson, L.L.; Blood, D.K.

    1989-03-01

    Myocardial perfusion in ten normal volunteers and 20 patients with coronary artery disease documented by recent coronary arteriography was studied with 99mTc-labeled SQ30217 and /sup 201/TI. Plantar /sup 201/TI imaging followed standard treadmill exercise and planar SQ30217 imaging followed upright bicycle exercise, performed to angina, or the same double product achieved on the treadmill test. Upright anterior, 30 degrees left anterior oblique, and 60 degrees left anterior oblique images were obtained for 3, 6, and 9 min, respectively, starting 2 min after injection of 15 mCi of 99mTc SQ30217. A second 15-mCi dose was injected at rest approximately 2 hrmore » later, and the same imaging protocol was followed. No adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities attributable to SQ30217 were observed. All scans on the normal volunteers were interpreted as normal. Qualitative readings of both tests were equally sensitive for detecting patients with coronary disease (SQ30217 - 16/20, TI - 17/20, p = NS) and identifying abnormal vessels (SQ30217 - 19/45, TI - 21/45, p = NS). Both agents were falsely positive in 1/15 vessels. Ten vascular regions showed persistent abnormalities on resting SQ30217 scans; eight of these were distal to stenoses of at least 90% and three were also abnormal on thallium redistribution images. Hepatic uptake of SQ30217 obscured inferoapical segments in some views in 14/20 patients but did not interfere with abnormal vessel identification.« less

  12. Clinical application of calculated split renal volume using computed tomography-based renal volumetry after partial nephrectomy: Correlation with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan data.

    PubMed

    Lee, Chan Ho; Park, Young Joo; Ku, Ja Yoon; Ha, Hong Koo

    2017-06-01

    To evaluate the clinical application of computed tomography-based measurement of renal cortical volume and split renal volume as a single tool to assess the anatomy and renal function in patients with renal tumors before and after partial nephrectomy, and to compare the findings with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. The data of 51 patients with a unilateral renal tumor managed by partial nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The renal cortical volume of tumor-bearing and contralateral kidneys was measured using ImageJ software. Split estimated glomerular filtration rate and split renal volume calculated using this renal cortical volume were compared with the split renal function measured with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. A strong correlation between split renal function and split renal volume of the tumor-bearing kidney was observed before and after surgery (r = 0.89, P < 0.001 and r = 0.94, P < 0.001). The preoperative and postoperative split estimated glomerular filtration rate of the operated kidney showed a moderate correlation with split renal function (r = 0.39, P = 0.004 and r = 0.49, P < 0.001). The correlation between reductions in split renal function and split renal volume of the operated kidney (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) was stronger than that between split renal function and percent reduction in split estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). The split renal volume calculated using computed tomography-based renal volumetry had a strong correlation with the split renal function measured using technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. Computed tomography-based split renal volume measurement before and after partial nephrectomy can be used as a single modality for anatomical and functional assessment of the tumor-bearing kidney. © 2017 The Japanese Urological Association.

  13. Amyloidosis of heart and liver: comparison of Tc-99m pyrophosphate and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate for detection

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, V.W.; Caldarone, A.G.; Falk, R.H.

    1983-07-01

    A prospective, comparative study was made of the efficacy of technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc PYP) and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc MDP) in detecting soft-tissue amyloidois. Tc PYP and Tc MDP scans were obtained within ten-day intervals in seven patients with histologically proven amyloidosis. Tc PYP was a better scanning agent for soft-tissue amyloidosis in all patients. Cardiac and hepatic involvement were proved by autopsy in one patient. Involvement of the heart was confirmed by echocardiography in five patients. The potential use of tc PYP scannning as a screening test for soft-tissue amyloidosis is discussed.

  14. Sestamibi technetium-99m brain single-photon emission computed tomography to identify recurrent glioma in adults: 201 studies.

    PubMed

    Le Jeune, Florence Prigent; Dubois, François; Blond, Serge; Steinling, Marc

    2006-04-01

    In the follow-up of treated gliomas, CT and MRI can often not differentiate radionecrosis from recurrent tumor. The aim of this study was to assess the interest of functional imaging with (99m)Tc-MIBI SPECT in a large series of 201 examinations. MIBI SPECT were performed in 81 patients treated for brain gliomas. A MIBI uptake index was computed as the ratio of counts in the lesion to counts in the controlateral region. SPECT was compared to stereotactic biopsy in 14 cases, or in the others cases to imaging evolution or clinical course at 6 months after the last tomoscintigraphy Two hundred and one tomoscintigraphies were performed. One hundred and two scans were true positive, 82 scans were true negative. Six scans were false positive (corresponding to 3 patients): 2 patients with an inflammatory reaction after radiosurgery, 1 with no explanation up to now. Eleven scans were false negative (5 patients): 1 patient with a deep peri-ventricular lesion, 2 patients with no contrast enhancement on MRI, 2 patients with a temporal tumor. The sensitivity for tumor recurrence was 90%, specificity 91.5% and accuracy 90.5%. We studied separately low and high grade glioma: sensitivity for tumor recurrence was respectively 91% and 89%, specificity 100% and 83% and accuracy 95% and 87%. MIBI SPECT allowed the diagnose of anaplasic degenerence of low grade sometimes earlier than clinical (5 cases) or MRI signs (7 cases). Our results confirm the usefullness of MIBI SPECT in the follow-up of treated gliomas for the differential diagnosis between radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence.

  15. Sentinel lymph node mapping in melanoma with technetium-99m dextran.

    PubMed

    Neubauer, S; Mena, I; Iglesis, R; Schwartz, R; Acevedo, J C; Leon, A; Gomez, L

    2001-06-01

    The aim of this work is to evaluate the capability of Tc99m B Dextran as a lymphoscintigraphic agent in the detection of the sentinel node in skin lesions. Forty-one patients with melanomas (39) and Merkel cell tumors (2) had perilesional intradermal injection of Tc99m-Dextran 2 hours before surgery. Serial gamma camera images and a handheld gamma probe were used to direct sentinel node biopsy. In 39/41 patients, lymph channels and 52 sentinel nodes (one to three sentinel nodes/patient) could be visualized. In one patient, with a dorsal melanoma, no lymph channels or lymph nodes could be demonstrated on the images and only minimal radioactivity was found in the regional nodes with the probe. Another patient with a facial lesion failed to demonstrate lymph channels or nodes. No adverse reactions were observed. Tc99m-Dextran provided good definition of lymph channels and sentinel node localization, without the risks related to the use of potentially hazardous labeled materials of biological origin.

  16. Evaluation of 99mTc-MIBI in thyroid gland imaging for the diagnosis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Ruiguo

    2017-01-01

    Objective: Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is caused by amiodarone as a side effect of cardiovascular disease treatment. Based on the differences in their pathological and physiological mechanisms, many methods have been developed so far to differentiate AIT subtypes such as colour flow Doppler sonography (CFDS) and 24-h radioiodine uptake (RAIU). However, these methods suffer from inadequate accuracy in distinguishing different types of AITs and sometimes lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatments. Therefore, there is an unmet demand for an efficient method for accurate classification of AIT. Methods: Technetium-99 methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) thyroid imaging was performed on 15 patients for AIT classification, and the results were compared with other conventional methods such as CFDS, RAIU and 99mTcO4 imaging. Results: High uptake and retention of MIBI in thyroid tissue is characteristic in Type I AIT, while in sharp contrast, low uptake of MIBI in the thyroid tissue was observed in Type II AIT. Mixed-type AIT shows uptake value between Types I and II. MIBI imaging outperforms other methods with a lower misdiagnosis rate. Conclusion: Among the methods evaluated, MIBI imaging enables an accurate identification of Type I, II and mixed-type AITs by showing distinct images for different types of AITs. The results obtained from our selected subjects revealed that MIBI imaging is a reliable method for diagnosis and classification of AITs and MIBI imaging has potential in the treatment of thyroid diseases. Advances in knowledge: 99mTc-MIBI imaging is a useful method for the diagnosis of AIT. It can distinguish different types of AITs especially for mixed-type AIT, which is usually difficult to treat. 99mTc-MIBI has potential advantages over conventional methods in the efficient treatment of AIT. PMID:28106465

  17. Synthesis of Tc-99m labeled 1,2,3-triazole-4-yl c-met binding peptide as a potential c-met receptor kinase positive tumor imaging agent.

    PubMed

    Kim, Eun-Mi; Joung, Min-Hee; Lee, Chang-Moon; Jeong, Hwan-Jeong; Lim, Seok Tae; Sohn, Myung-Hee; Kim, Dong Wook

    2010-07-15

    The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), which is related to tumor cell growth, angiogenesis and metastases, is known to be overexpressed in several tumor types. In this study, we synthesized technetium-99m labeled 1,2,3-triazole-4-yl c-Met binding peptide (cMBP) derivatives, prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis and the 'click-to-chelate' protocol for the introduction of tricarbonyl technetium-99m, as a potential c-Met receptor kinase positive tumor imaging agent, and evaluated their in vitro c-Met binding affinity, cellular uptake, and stability. The (99m)Tc labeled cMBP derivatives ([(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]12, [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]13, and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]14) were prepared in 85-90% radiochemical yields. The cold surrogate cMBP derivatives, [Re(CO)(3)]12, [Re(CO)(3)]13, and [Re(CO)(3)]14, were shown to have high binding affinities (0.13 microM, 0.06 microM, and 0.16 microM, respectively) to a purified cMet/Fc chimeric recombinant protein. In addition, the in vitro cellular uptake and inhibition studies demonstrated the high specific binding of these (99m)Tc labeled cMBP derivatives ([(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]12-14) to c-Met receptor positive U87MG cells. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Dual-Labeled Near-Infrared/99mTc Imaging Probes Using PAMAM-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for the Imaging of HER2-Expressing Cancer Cells

    PubMed Central

    Yamaguchi, Haruka; Tsuchimochi, Makoto; Hayama, Kazuhide; Kawase, Tomoyuki; Tsubokawa, Norio

    2016-01-01

    We sought to develop dual-modality imaging probes using functionalized silica nanoparticles to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer cells and achieve efficient target imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. Polyamidoamine-based functionalized silica nanoparticles (PCSNs) for multimodal imaging were synthesized with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (indocyanine green (ICG)) and technetium-99m (99mTc) radioactivity. Anti-HER2 antibodies were bound to the labeled PCSNs. These dual-imaging probes were tested to image HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells. In vivo imaging was also examined in breast tumor xenograft models in mice. SK-BR3 (HER2 positive) cells were imaged with stronger NIR fluorescent signals than that in MDA-MB231 (HER2 negative) cells. The increased radioactivity of the SK-BR3 cells was also confirmed by phosphor imaging. NIR images showed strong fluorescent signals in the SK-BR3 tumor model compared to muscle tissues and the MDA-MB231 tumor model. Automatic well counting results showed increased radioactivity in the SK-BR3 xenograft tumors. We developed functionalized silica nanoparticles loaded with 99mTc and ICG for the targeting and imaging of HER2-expressing cells. The dual-imaging probes efficiently imaged HER2-overexpressing cells. Although further studies are needed to produce efficient isotope labeling, the results suggest that the multifunctional silica nanoparticles are a promising vehicle for imaging specific components of the cell membrane in a dual-modality manner. PMID:27399687

  19. Dual-Labeled Near-Infrared/(99m)Tc Imaging Probes Using PAMAM-Coated Silica Nanoparticles for the Imaging of HER2-Expressing Cancer Cells.

    PubMed

    Yamaguchi, Haruka; Tsuchimochi, Makoto; Hayama, Kazuhide; Kawase, Tomoyuki; Tsubokawa, Norio

    2016-07-07

    We sought to develop dual-modality imaging probes using functionalized silica nanoparticles to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer cells and achieve efficient target imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. Polyamidoamine-based functionalized silica nanoparticles (PCSNs) for multimodal imaging were synthesized with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence (indocyanine green (ICG)) and technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) radioactivity. Anti-HER2 antibodies were bound to the labeled PCSNs. These dual-imaging probes were tested to image HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma cells. In vivo imaging was also examined in breast tumor xenograft models in mice. SK-BR3 (HER2 positive) cells were imaged with stronger NIR fluorescent signals than that in MDA-MB231 (HER2 negative) cells. The increased radioactivity of the SK-BR3 cells was also confirmed by phosphor imaging. NIR images showed strong fluorescent signals in the SK-BR3 tumor model compared to muscle tissues and the MDA-MB231 tumor model. Automatic well counting results showed increased radioactivity in the SK-BR3 xenograft tumors. We developed functionalized silica nanoparticles loaded with (99m)Tc and ICG for the targeting and imaging of HER2-expressing cells. The dual-imaging probes efficiently imaged HER2-overexpressing cells. Although further studies are needed to produce efficient isotope labeling, the results suggest that the multifunctional silica nanoparticles are a promising vehicle for imaging specific components of the cell membrane in a dual-modality manner.

  20. Intraoperative Injection of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience.

    PubMed

    Berrocal, Julian; Saperstein, Lawrence; Grube, Baiba; Horowitz, Nina R; Chagpar, Anees B; Killelea, Brigid K; Lannin, Donald R

    2017-01-01

    Background . Most institutions require a patient undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy to go through nuclear medicine prior to surgery to be injected with radioisotope. This study describes the long-term results using intraoperative injection of radioisotope. Methods . Since late 2002, all patients undergoing a sentinel lymph node biopsy at the Yale-New Haven Breast Center underwent intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid. Endpoints included number of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes obtained and number of positive sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes. Results . At least one sentinel lymph node was obtained in 2,333 out of 2,338 cases of sentinel node biopsy for an identification rate of 99.8%. The median number of sentinel nodes found was 2 and the mean was 2.33 (range: 1-15). There were 512 cases (21.9%) in which a sentinel node was positive for metastatic carcinoma. Of the patients with a positive sentinel lymph node who underwent axillary dissection, there were 242 cases (54.2%) with no additional positive nonsentinel lymph nodes. Advantages of intraoperative injection included increased comfort for the patient and simplification of scheduling. There were no radiation related complications. Conclusion . Intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid is convenient, effective, safe, and comfortable for the patient.

  1. Intraoperative Injection of Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Single Institution Experience

    PubMed Central

    Berrocal, Julian; Saperstein, Lawrence; Grube, Baiba; Horowitz, Nina R.; Chagpar, Anees B.

    2017-01-01

    Background. Most institutions require a patient undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy to go through nuclear medicine prior to surgery to be injected with radioisotope. This study describes the long-term results using intraoperative injection of radioisotope. Methods. Since late 2002, all patients undergoing a sentinel lymph node biopsy at the Yale-New Haven Breast Center underwent intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid. Endpoints included number of sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes obtained and number of positive sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes. Results. At least one sentinel lymph node was obtained in 2,333 out of 2,338 cases of sentinel node biopsy for an identification rate of 99.8%. The median number of sentinel nodes found was 2 and the mean was 2.33 (range: 1–15). There were 512 cases (21.9%) in which a sentinel node was positive for metastatic carcinoma. Of the patients with a positive sentinel lymph node who underwent axillary dissection, there were 242 cases (54.2%) with no additional positive nonsentinel lymph nodes. Advantages of intraoperative injection included increased comfort for the patient and simplification of scheduling. There were no radiation related complications. Conclusion. Intraoperative injection of technetium-99m sulfur colloid is convenient, effective, safe, and comfortable for the patient. PMID:28492062

  2. Technetium-99m thyroid scan; does it have a diagnostic aid in sub-clinical auto-immune thyroid disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients?

    PubMed

    Amin, A; Alkemary, A; Abdo, M; Salama, M

    2016-02-01

    Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) thyroid scintigraphy is a well known diagnostic tool that shows the entire gland in a single image. We aimed to evaluate its additive diagnostic value in subclinical autoimmune thyroid disease (S-AITD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. We investigated 100 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without overt thyroid involvement (eight men and 92 women; mean age 40±6.5 years) and 50 age and sex matched controls. All were subjected to thyroid evaluation using anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies; hormones (FT3; FT4 and TSH) and Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy. 14/100 (14%) and none (0%) were positive for S-AITD in SLE and control groups, respectively (P = 0.0001). They were classified by thyroid scintigraphy and hormonal profile into 2/14 Hashimoto; 10/14 atrophic thyroiditis and 2/14 Graves' disease. Anti-TPO was elevated in 12 SLE cases, while anti-TG was elevated in only 2/14 (P = 0.0001). Thyroid scintigraphy showed statistically significant associations with FT4, TSH and anti-TPO. Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy may have an additional diagnostic role in S-AITD among SLE patients, with an impact on patient management. This potential needs to be further evaluated in a larger series on a multicenter basis. © The Author(s) 2015.

  3. Myocardial uptake and kinetic properties of technetium-99m-Q3 in dogs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gerson, M.C.; Millard, R.W.; McGoron, A.J.

    1994-10-01

    We postulated that {sup 99m}Tc-Q3, a cationic imaging agent, produces myocardial activity related to myocardial blood flow during myocardial ischemia and pharmacologic coronary artery vasodilation, and shows little or no myocardial redistribution over 4 hr after intravenous injection. In six Group 1 dogs, the chest was opened, the left circumflex coronary artery was acutely ligated, and dipyridamole (0.32, 0.56 or 0.84 mg/kg) was infused into the right atrium, followed by 10 mCi of {sup 99m}Tc-Q3. Myocardial blood flow was measured by radiolabeled microspheres. The animals were euthanized and 357 myocardial samples were assayed in a well counter for {sup 99m}Tcmore » activity. One week later, radiolabeled microsphere activity was counted and myocardial blood flow calculated. In nine Group 2 dogs, a variable occluder was placed around the left circumflex coronary artery and an ischemic level of circumflex blood flow was maintained constant over 4 hr as measured by an ultrasonic flow meter. Dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) was then infused into the right atrium followed by 10mCi of {sup 99m}Tc-Q3. Gamma camera images were acquired at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following k{sup 99m}Tc-Q3 injection. Microsphere blood flow and endocardial biopsies (n - 6 dogs) were performed at 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following {sup 99m}TcQ3 injection. 31 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab.« less

  4. Evolution of technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT and brain mapping in a patient presenting with echolalia and palilalia.

    PubMed

    Dierckx, R A; Saerens, J; De Deyn, P P; Verslegers, W; Marien, P; Vandevivere, J

    1991-08-01

    A 78-yr-old woman presented with transient echolalia and palilalia. She had suffered from Parkinson's disease for 2 yr. Routine laboratory examination showed hypotonic hyponatremia, but was otherwise unremarkable. Brain mapping revealed a bifrontal delta focus, more pronounced on the right. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain with technetium-99m labeled d,l hexamethylpropylene-amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO), performed during the acute episode showed relative frontoparietal hypoactivity. Brain mapping performed after disappearance of the echolalia and palilalia, which persisted only for 1 day, was normal. By contrast, SPECT findings persisted for more than 3 wk. Features of particular interest in the presented patient are the extensive defects seen on brain SPECT despite the absence of morphologic lesions, the congruent electrophysiologic changes and their temporal relationship with the clinical evolution.

  5. Development and study of 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose for visualization of malignant tumors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Bragina, O.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Skuridin, V.

    2017-09-01

    The preclinical studies of 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose, a new tumor-seeking agent based on technetium-99m-labeled glucose derivative, were conducted, and the feasibility of using this radiopharmaceutical for tumor visualization was studied. The preclinical studies were carried out strictly in accordance with the local legislation and were regulated by the generally accepted research standards. 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose was found to have optimal pharmacokinetic and physico-chemical properties for diagnostic imaging and was proved to belong to the low-toxic substances. The potential utility of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose for tumor imaging was studied in vitro and in vivo models. The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-Thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization.

  6. Radiopharmaceutical considerations for using Tc-99m MAA in lung transplant patients.

    PubMed

    Ponto, James A

    2010-01-01

    To elucidate radiopharmaceutical considerations for using technetium Tc-99m albumin aggregated (Tc-99m MAA) in lung transplant patients and to establish an appropriate routine dose and preparation procedure. Tertiary care academic hospital during May 2007 to May 2009. Nuclear pharmacist working in nuclear medicine department. Radiopharmaceutical considerations deemed important for the use of Tc-99m MAA in lung transplant patients included radioactivity dose, particulate dose, rate of the radiolabeling reaction (preparation time), and final radiochemical purity. Evaluation of our initial 12-month experience, published literature, and professional practice guidelines provided the basis for establishing an appropriate dose and preparation procedure of Tc-99m MAA for use in lung transplant patients. Radiochemical purity at typical incubation times and image quality in subsequent lung transplant patients imaged during the next 12 months. Based on considerations of radioactivity dose, particulate dose, rate of the radiolabeling reaction (preparation time), and final radiochemical purity, a routine dose consisting of 3 mCi (111 MBq) and 100,000 particles of Tc-99m MAA for planar perfusion lung imaging of adult lung transplant patients was established as reasonable and appropriate. MAA kits were prepared with a more reasonable amount of Tc-99m and yielded high radiochemical purity values in typical incubation times. Images have continued to be of high diagnostic quality. Tc-99m MAA used for lung transplant imaging can be readily prepared with high radiochemical purity to provide a dose of 3 mCi (111 GBq)/100,000 particles, which provides images of high diagnostic quality.

  7. Use of blood-pool imaging in evaluation of diffuse activity patterns in technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Cowley, M J; Mantle, J A; Rogers, W J; Russell, R O; Rackley, C E; Logic, J R

    1979-06-01

    It has been suggested that diffuse Tc-99m pyrophosphate precordial activity may be due to persistent blood-pool activity in routine delayed views during myocardial imaging. To answer this question, we reviewed myocardial scintigrams recorded 60--90 min following the injection of 12--15 mCi of Tc-99m pyrophosphate for the presence of diffuse precordial activity, and compared these with early images of the blood pool in 265 patients. Diffuse activity in the delayed images was identified in 48 patients: in 20 with acute myocardial infarction and in 28 with no evidence of it. Comparison of these routine delayed images with early views of the blood pool revealed two types of patterns. In patients with acute infarction, 95% had delayed images that were distinguishable from blood pool either because the activity was smaller than the early blood pool, or by the presence of localized activity superimposed on diffuse activity identical to blood pool. In those without infarction, 93% had activity distribution in routine delayed views matching that in the early blood-pool images. The usefulness of the diffuse TcPPi precordial activity in myocardial infarction is improved when early blood-pool imaging is used to exclude persistence of blood-pool activity as its cause. Moreover, it does not require additional amounts of radioactivity nor complex computer processing, a feature that may be of value in the community hospital using the technique to "rule out" infarction 24--72 hr after onset of suggestive symptoms.

  8. Measurement of translymphatic fluid absorption using technetium-99m human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

    PubMed

    Terawaki, Hiroyuki; Nakayama, Masaaki; Seto, Kazuhiko; Yoshimura, Kazunobu; Hasegawa, Toshio

    2004-08-01

    We have established a new method of measuring translymphatic fluid absorption (TLA) using technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-HSAD) that can be used commonly in clinical practice. This new method was applied in 13 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (11 males and two females) who had various peritoneal permeability and capacities for peritoneal transport of water. (99m)Tc-HSAD 740MBq was injected in 2 L of peritoneal dialysis fluid with 2.5% glucose, mixed well, and administered intraperitoneally. The fluid was drained extraperitoneally after 4 h and TLA was determined by the in vivo loss of (99m)Tc-HSAD. TLA was 1.41 +/- 1.11 mL/min (mean +/- SD; range, 0.27-3.69 mL/min). The estimated reduction rate by TLA in trans-peritoneally removed fluid ranged from 14.2 to 84.4%, indicating that TLA could have an extremely significant negative effect in some cases on total drainage volume. The present study, using new tracer (99m)Tc-HSAD, could confirm a large individual difference in TLA, indicating TLA as an important contributing factor for fluid-removal failure in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

  9. Effect of Thuya occidentalis on the labeling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with technetium-99m.

    PubMed Central

    Oliveira, J. F.; Braga, A. C.; Avila, A. S.; Fonseca, L. M.; Gutfilen, B.; Bernardo-Filho, M.

    1996-01-01

    Thuya occidentalis is used in popular medicine in the treatment of condyloma and has antibacterial action. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine. This labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually stannous ion. Any drug which alters the labeling of the tracer could be expected to modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. We have evaluated the influence of T. occidentalis extract on the labeling of RBC and plasma proteins with 99mTc. Blood was withdrawn and incubated with T. occidentalis (0.25; 2.5; 20.5; and 34.1 percent v/v). Stannous chloride (1.2 micrograms/ml) was added and then 99mTc was added. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. The analysis of the results shows that there is a decrease in radioactivity (from 97.64 to 75.89 percent) in BC with 34.1 percent of the drug. In the labeling process of RBC with 99mTc, the stannous and pertechnetate ions pass through the membrane, so we suggest that the T. occidentalis effect can be explained (i) by an inhibition of the transport of these ions, (ii) by damage in membrane, (iii) by competition with the cited ions for the same binding sites, or (iv) by possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion. PMID:9436292

  10. Effect of Thuya occidentalis on the labeling of red blood cells and plasma proteins with technetium-99m.

    PubMed

    Oliveira, J F; Braga, A C; Avila, A S; Fonseca, L M; Gutfilen, B; Bernardo-Filho, M

    1996-01-01

    Thuya occidentalis is used in popular medicine in the treatment of condyloma and has antibacterial action. Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine. This labeling depends on a reducing agent, usually stannous ion. Any drug which alters the labeling of the tracer could be expected to modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceutical. We have evaluated the influence of T. occidentalis extract on the labeling of RBC and plasma proteins with 99mTc. Blood was withdrawn and incubated with T. occidentalis (0.25; 2.5; 20.5; and 34.1 percent v/v). Stannous chloride (1.2 micrograms/ml) was added and then 99mTc was added. Plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) were isolated, also precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and soluble (SF) and insoluble fractions (IF) separated. The analysis of the results shows that there is a decrease in radioactivity (from 97.64 to 75.89 percent) in BC with 34.1 percent of the drug. In the labeling process of RBC with 99mTc, the stannous and pertechnetate ions pass through the membrane, so we suggest that the T. occidentalis effect can be explained (i) by an inhibition of the transport of these ions, (ii) by damage in membrane, (iii) by competition with the cited ions for the same binding sites, or (iv) by possible generation of reactive oxygen species that could oxidize the stannous ion.

  11. Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: a review.

    PubMed

    Shi, Keliang; Hou, Xiaolin; Roos, Per; Wu, Wangsuo

    2012-01-04

    Due to the lack of a stable technetium isotope, and the high mobility and long half-life, (99)Tc is considered to be one of the most important radionuclides in safety assessment of environmental radioactivity as well as nuclear waste management. (99)Tc is also an important tracer for oceanographic research due to the high technetium solubility in seawater as TcO(4)(-). A number of analytical methods, using chemical separation combined with radiometric and mass spectrometric measurement techniques, have been developed over the past decades for determination of (99)Tc in different environmental samples. This article summarizes and compares recently reported chemical separation procedures and measurement methods for determination of (99)Tc. Due to the extremely low concentration of (99)Tc in environmental samples, the sample preparation, pre-concentration, chemical separation and purification for removal of the interferences for detection of (99)Tc are the most important issues governing the accurate determination of (99)Tc. These aspects are discussed in detail in this article. Meanwhile, the different measurement techniques for (99)Tc are also compared with respect to advantages and drawbacks. Novel automated analytical methods for rapid determination of (99)Tc using solid extraction or ion exchange chromatography for separation of (99)Tc, employing flow injection or sequential injection approaches are also discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Magnetic core mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with dacarbazine and labelled with 99mTc for early and differential detection of metastatic melanoma by single photon emission computed tomography.

    PubMed

    Portilho, Filipe Leal; Helal-Neto, Edward; Cabezas, Santiago Sánchez; Pinto, Suyene Rocha; Dos Santos, Sofia Nascimento; Pozzo, Lorena; Sancenón, Félix; Martínez-Máñez, Ramón; Santos-Oliveira, Ralph

    2018-02-27

    Cancer is responsible for more than 12% of all causes of death in the world, with an annual death rate of more than 7 million people. In this scenario melanoma is one of the most aggressive ones with serious limitation in early detection and therapy. In this direction we developed, characterized and tested in vivo a new drug delivery system based on magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticle that has been doped with dacarbazine and labelled with technetium 99 m to be used as nano-imaging agent (nanoradiopharmaceutical) for early and differential diagnosis and melanoma by single photon emission computed tomography. The results demonstrated the ability of the magnetic core-mesoporous silica to be efficiently (>98%) doped with dacarbazine and also efficiently labelled with 99mTc (technetium 99 m) (>99%). The in vivo test, using inducted mice with melanoma, demonstrated the EPR effect of the magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with dacarbazine and labelled with technetium 99 metastable when injected intratumorally and the possibility to be used as systemic injection too. In both cases, magnetic core-mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with dacarbazine and labelled with technetium 99 metastable showed to be a reliable and efficient nano-imaging agent for melanoma.

  13. Detection of occult infection following total joint arthroplasty using sequential technetium-99m HDP bone scintigraphy and indium-111 WBC imaging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Johnson, J.A.; Christie, M.J.; Sandler, M.P.

    1988-08-01

    Preoperative exclusion or confirmation of periprosthetic infection is essential for correct surgical management of patients with suspected infected joint prostheses. The sensitivity and specificity of (/sup 111/In)WBC imaging in the diagnosis of infected total joint prostheses was examined in 28 patients and compared with sequential (/sup 99m/Tc)HDP/(/sup 111/In)WBC scintigraphy and aspiration arthrography. The sensitivity of preoperative aspiration cultures was 12%, with a specificity of 81% and an accuracy of 58%. The sensitivity of (/sup 111/In)WBC imaging alone was 100%, with a specificity of 50% and an accuracy of 65%. When correlated with the bone scintigraphy and read as sequential (/supmore » 99m/Tc)HDP/(/sup 111/In)WBC imaging, the sensitivity was 88%, specificity 95%, and accuracy 93%. This study demonstrates that (/sup 111/In)WBC imaging is an extremely sensitive imaging modality for the detection of occult infection of joint prostheses. It also demonstrates the necessity of correlating (/sup 111/In)WBC images with (/sup 99m/Tc)HDP skeletal scintigraphy in the detection of occult periprosthetic infection.« less

  14. Measurement of technetium-99 in Marshall Islands soil samples by ICP-MS

    PubMed

    Tagami; Uchida; Hamilton; Robison

    2000-07-01

    Extraction techniques for recovery of technetium-99 (99Tc) for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements were evaluated using soil samples collected from the Marshall Islands. The results of three different extraction techniques were compared: (MI) acid leaching of Tc from ashed soil; (M2) acid leaching of Tc from raw dry soil; and (M3) Tc volatilization from ashed soil using a combustion apparatus. Total Tc recoveries varied considerably between the extraction techniques but each method yielded similar analytical results for 99Tc. Applications of these extraction techniques to a series of environmental samples and ICP-MS measurements have yielded first data on the 99Tc content of Marshall Islands soil samples contaminated with close-in radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing. The 99Tc activity concentration in the soil samples ranged between 0.1 and 1.1 mBq g(-1) dry weight (dw). The limit of detection for 99Tc by ICP-MS was 0.17 mBq per sample or 0.014 mBq g(-1) dw under standard operating conditions.

  15. 99mTc: Labeling Chemistry and Labeled Compounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alberto, R.; Abram, U.

    This chapter reviews the radiopharmaceutical chemistry of technetium related to the synthesis of perfusion agents and to the labeling of receptor-binding biomolecules. To understand the limitations of technetium chemistry imposed by future application of the complexes in nuclear medicine, an introductory section analyzes the compulsory requirements to be considered when facing the incentive of introducing a novel radiopharmaceutical into the market. Requirements from chemistry, routine application, and market are discussed. In a subsequent section, commercially available 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals are treated. It covers the complexes in use for imaging the most important target organs such as heart, brain, or kidney. The commercially available radiopharmaceuticals fulfill the requirements outlined earlier and are discussed with this background. In a following section, the properties and perspectives of the different generations of radiopharmaceuticals are described in a general way, covering characteristics for perfusion agents and for receptor-specific molecules. Technetium chemistry for the synthesis of perfusion agents and the different labeling approaches for target-specific biomolecules are summarized. The review comprises a general introduction to the common approaches currently in use, employing the N x S4-x , [3+1] and 2-hydrazino-nicotinicacid (HYNIC) method as well as more recent strategies such as the carbonyl and the TcN approach. Direct labeling without the need of a bifunctional chelator is briefly reviewed as well. More particularly, recent developments in the labeling of concrete targeting molecules, the second generation of radiopharmaceuticals, is then discussed and prominent examples with antibodies/peptides, neuroreceptor targeting small molecules, myocardial imaging agents, vitamins, thymidine, and complexes relevant to multidrug resistance are given. In addition, a new approach toward peptide drug development is described. The section

  16. Comparison of technetium-99m sulfur colloid and technetium-99m albumin colloid labeled solid meals for gastric emptying studies.

    PubMed

    Taillefer, R; Douesnard, J M; Beauchamp, G; Guimond, J

    1987-08-01

    A Tc-99m albumin colloid (Tc-AC) kit has been introduced as an alternative to Tc-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-SC) for liver-spleen imaging. Since there is no need for boiling, the use of Tc-AC reduces preparation time and manipulation. Tc-SC is one of the most commonly used radiopharmaceuticals for the labeling of solid-phase markers in gastric emptying studies. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the labeling efficiency and stability in hydrochloric acid and in human gastric juice of intracellularly labeled chicken liver and scrambled eggs labeled with Tc-SC and Tc-AC. Gastric emptying studies also were performed on 20 healthy volunteers with both Tc-SC and Tc-AC labeled scrambled egg sandwiches. There was no significant difference between Tc-SC and Tc-AC in the labeling efficiency of chicken liver (98% +/- 1% for Tc-SC, 96% +/- 2% for Tc-AC) and scrambled eggs (92% +/- 2% for Tc-SC, 91% +/- 3% for Tc-AC). However, both Tc-SC and Tc-AC labeled scrambled eggs showed a lower stability than chicken liver, particularly in human gastric juice. Gastric emptying curves from both meals in 20 normal subjects were also similar, with a mean half-emptying time of 85 +/- 13 minutes and 87 +/- 16 minutes for the meals containing Tc-SC and Tc-AC respectively. Tc-AC is a reliable alternative to Tc-SC as a radiotracer for solid-phase gastric emptying studies.

  17. Tc-99m Labeled carrier for imaging

    DOEpatents

    Henze, Eberhard

    1984-01-01

    Novel radionuclide imaging agents, having particular application for lymphangiography are provided by non-covalently binding Tc-99m to a pharmaceutically acceptable cross-linked polysaccharide. Upon injection of the Tc-99m labeled polysaccharide into the blood stream, optimum contrast can be obtained within one hour.

  18. Early myocardial damage assessment in dystrophinopathies using (99)Tc(m)-MIBI gated myocardial perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Li; Liu, Zhe; Hu, Ke-You; Tian, Qing-Bao; Wei, Ling-Ge; Zhao, Zhe; Shen, Hong-Rui; Hu, Jing

    2015-01-01

    Early detection of muscular dystrophy (MD)-associated cardiomyopathy is important because early medical treatment may slow cardiac remodeling and attenuate symptoms of cardiac dysfunction; however, no sensitive and standard diagnostic method for MD at an earlier stage has been well-recognized. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the early diagnostic value of technetium 99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ((99)Tc(m)-MIBI) gated myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) for MD. Ninety-one patients underwent (99)Tc(m)-MIBI G-MPI examinations when they were diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (n=77) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD; n=14). (99)Tc(m)-MIBI G-MPI examinations were repeated in 43 DMD patients who received steroid treatments for 2 years as a follow-up examination. Myocardial defects were observed in nearly every segment of the left ventricular wall in both DMD and BMD patients compared with controls, especially in the inferior walls and the apices by using (99)Tc(m)-MIBI G-MPI. Cardiac wall movement impairment significantly correlated with age in the DMD and BMD groups (r s=0.534 [P<0.05] and r s=0.784 [P<0.05], respectively). Intermittent intravenous doses of glucocorticoids and continuation with oral steroid treatments significantly improved myocardial function in DMD patients (P<0.05), but not in BMD patients. (99)Tc(m)-MIBI G-MPI is a sensitive and safe approach for early evaluation of cardiomyopathy in patients with DMD or BMD, and can serve as a candidate method for the evaluation of progression, prognosis, and assessment of the effect of glucocorticoid treatment in these patients.

  19. Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of 99mTc and 188Re Peptides

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sanders, Vanessa

    Radiopharmaceuticals are very powerful diagnostic tools for evaluation of a host of medical conditions. These drugs are labeled with radioactive isotopes, which are utilized to create pictures of areas of interest through absorption of the drug. They are currently in high demand due to their ability to image areas that traditional imaging devices cannot. The radioisotope 99mTc, with a half-life of 6.01 hours and a 140 keV gamma emission, is central to many radiopharmaceutical compounds. This isotope is easily obtained from a 99Mo-99mTc generator, through beta decay and column chromatography separations. Very little technetium, less than 6 ng, is needed to label the pharmaceuticals for use in-vivo. Another radioisotope 188Re is also important due to its ability to be used for therapy while being tracked throughout the body. Radiotherapy gives radiopharmaceuticals a huge advantage by their ability to destroy rapidly growing cells. One of the main reasons there is interest in rhenium pharmaceuticals is the chemical similarity between it and technetium. The 188Re isotope also has a considerably short half-life of approximately 17 hours and has emission energy of 155 keV. The 188Re isotope is separated from 188W-188Re generator, analogously to the 99Mo-99mTc generator. The ligand used in this work is a pentapepetide macrocyclic ligand. This ligand, KYCAR (lysyl-tyrosyl-cystyl-alanyl-arginine), has been designed as a potential chelating ligand for imaging and therapeutic in vivo agents. Ligands are chosen based on their in-situ biological behavior, and are used in the complexation with technetium and rhenium. Understanding and exploiting technetium and rhenium chemistry can provide insight into the reaction mechanisms and coordination chemistry of these compounds. The exploration of various oxidation states as a function of the ligands used and the reaction conditions can help develop novel radiopharmaceuticals. The investigations of the manipulation of oxidation states

  20. Use of carbonated water in reduction of adjacent gastric activity in 456 consecutive technetium-99m myocardial perfusion imaging studies.

    PubMed

    Thomas, Dustin M; Lee, Joshua S; Charmforoush, Anthony; Rubal, Bernard J; Rosenblatt, Stephen A; Butler, Joshua T; Clemenshaw, Michael; Cheezum, Michael K; Slim, Ahmad M

    2015-12-01

    Small, observational trials have suggested a reduction in adjacent gastric activity with ingestion of soda water in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We report our findings prior to and after implementation of soda water in 467 consecutive MPI studies. Consecutive MPI studies performed at a high-volume facility referred for vasodilator (VD) or exercise treadmill testing (ETT) were retrospectively reviewed before and after implementation of the soda water protocol. Patients undergoing the soda water protocol received 100 ml of soda water administered 30 min prior to image acquisition and after stress. Studies were performed using a same day rest/stress protocol. Incidence of adjacent gastric activity, diaphragmatic attenuation, stress and rest perfusion defects, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) outcomes defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, reevaluation for chest pain, and late revascularization (>90 days from MPI) were abstracted using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) search. Two hundred and eighteen studies were performed prior to implementation of the soda water protocol and 249 studies were performed with the use of soda water. Baseline demographic data were equal between the groups with the exception of more patients undergoing VD stress receiving soda water (p < 0.001). Soda water was not associated with a decreased incidence of adjacent gastric activity with stress (54.7% versus 61.9% with no soda water, p = 0.129) or rest (68.6% versus 69.5% with no soda water, p = 0.919) imaging. Less adjacent gastric activity was observed with patients undergoing ETT who received soda water (42.5% versus 56.9% with no soda water, p = 0.031), but no difference was observed between the groups with VD stress (69.0% versus 68.1% with no soda water, p = 1.000). The use of soda water prior to technetium-99m MPI was associated with lower rates of adjacent gastric activity only in patients undergoing ETT stress but not

  1. 99mTechnetium-based Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-radioguided Surgery in Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

    PubMed

    Maurer, Tobias; Robu, Stephanie; Schottelius, Margret; Schwamborn, Kristina; Rauscher, Isabel; van den Berg, Nynke S; van Leeuwen, Fijs W B; Haller, Bernhard; Horn, Thomas; Heck, Matthias M; Gschwend, Jürgen E; Schwaiger, Markus; Wester, Hans-Jürgen; Eiber, Matthias

    2018-04-03

    Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) can visualize metastatic lesions in recurrent prostate cancer (PC). However, reliable identification of small and/or atypically localized lesions during salvage surgery procedures is challenging. To describe the technique, feasibility, and short-term outcomes of 99m Technetium ( 99m Tc)-based PSMA-radioguided surgery ( 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS) for removal of recurrent PC lesions. Thirty-one consecutive patients with evidence of recurrent PC on 68 Ga-PSMA N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl] ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid ( 68 Ga-PSMA-11) PET after radical prostatectomy undergoing 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS were retrospectively analyzed. Salvage surgery with intraoperative radioguidance using a gamma probe was performed after intravenous application of 99m Tc-PSMA investigation and surgery (mean activity 571 MBq, mean time to surgery 19.7h). Radioactive rating (positive vs negative) of resected tissue was compared with the findings of postoperative histopathological analysis. Best prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response without additional treatment was determined after 8-16 wk postoperatively. Biochemical recurrence- and treatment-free survival was evaluated. In total, 132 tissue specimens were removed, of which 58 showed metastatic involvement on histological analysis. On a specimen basis, radioactive rating yielded a sensitivity of 83.6% (confidence interval [CI]: 70.9-91.5%), a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 93.0% (CI: 85.5-96.7%). With 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS, all lesions visualized on preoperative 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET could be removed. Moreover, 99m Tc-PSMA-RGS detected additional metastases as small as 3mm in two patients. Thirteen patients suffered from complications related to surgery (Clavien-Dindo grade 1: 12 patients; grade 3a: one patient). A PSA reduction below 0.2 ng/ml was observed in 20 patients. Thirteen patients remained biochemical recurrence free after a median follow

  2. Diffusion of 99-technetium in compacted bentonite under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Večerník, P.; Jedináková-Křížová, V.

    2006-01-01

    The main aim of this study was to investigate diffusion of technetium 99Tc under different conditions. Because technetium represents one of the most dangerous fission products due to its very long halftime and high mobility in aerobic conditions diffusion experiments of technetium (as 99TcO 4 - anion) in Czech bentonite from Rokle locality have been carried out. For performance and evaluation of experiments the through-diffusion method was chosen and apparent (Da) and effective (De) diffusion coefficients were evaluated. The effects of particle mesh-size, dry bulk density and aerobic or anaerobic conditions on diffusion were studied. In the presence of oxygen, technetium occurs in oxidation state VII, as an anion, soluble and mobile in the environment. However, under reducing conditions it occurs in a lower oxidation states, mainly as insoluble oxides or hydroxides. Aerobic experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions and anaerobic experiments were performed in a nitrogen atmosphere in a glove box, to simulate the real underground conditions.

  3. Ibogaine labeling with 99mTc-tricarbonyl: synthesis and transport at the mouse blood-brain barrier.

    PubMed

    Tournier, Nicolas; André, Pascal; Blondeel, Sandy; Rizzo-Padoin, Nathalie; du Moulinet d'Hardemarre, Amaury; Declèves, Xavier; Scherrmann, Jean-Michel; Cisternino, Salvatore

    2009-12-01

    The (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl core may be used as an ideal tool for gamma-labeling ligands in noninvasive SPECT imaging. However, most (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl-labeled agents have difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We radiolabeled the neuroactive indole ibogaine with (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl and measured its transport into the mouse brain by in situ brain perfusion. We measured the interactions of [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)-ibogaine](+) and (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl with the main BBB efflux transporters P-gp and BCRP in vitro and in vivo. Ibogaine was radiolabeled (yield: over 95%). [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)-ibogaine](+) entered the brain (K(in)) poorly (0.18 microL/g/s), at about the same rate as (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl (0.16 microL/g/s) and [(99m)Tc-sestamibi](+) (0.10 microL/g/s). The CNS tracer [(99m)Tc-HMPAO](0) entered the brain approximately 70-times higher than [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)-ibogaine](+). In vitro studies revealed that neither [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)-ibogaine](+) nor (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl ion were substrates for P-gp or BCRP. But lowering the membrane dipole potential barrier with phloretin enhanced the brain transport of [(99m)Tc(OH(2))(3)(CO)(3)](+) approximately 3-fold. Thus, ibogaine directly labeled with (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl is not suitable for CNS imaging because of its poor uptake. Brain transport is not restricted by efflux transporters but is reduced by its lipophilicity and interaction with the membrane-positive dipole potential. 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association

  4. Effect of metabolic alterations on the accumulation of technetium-99m-labeled d, l-HMPAO in slices of rat cerebral cortex

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ahn, C.S.; Tow, D.E.; Yu, C.C.

    1994-03-01

    It is widely recognized that the distribution of technetium-99m-labeled d,l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) in the brain is determined by the regional blood flow. However, other factors may affect this process including the metabolism of the brain tissue. To examine this possibility we studied the effects of metabolic alterations on {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO uptake in rat brain cortex slices, with concurrent measurement of oxygen consumption (QO{sub 2}). {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO uptake was determined by incubating slices of rat cerebral cortex at 37{degrees}C in Krebs-Ringer phosphate glucose medium containing {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO with and without test substances. Differential gradients for {sup 99m}Tc activity betweenmore » the tissue and the suspending medium (T/M ratio) were derived from the equation T/M[{sup 99m}Tc] = counts per gram of tissue/counts per milliliter of medium. The QO{sub 2} of the brain slices was measured using a biological oxygen monitor equipped with a polarographic oxygen probe. Inhibitors affecting oxidative phosphorylation caused parallel suppression of the T/M ratio and QO{sub 2}. Agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation increased the QO{sub 2} and decreased the T/M ratio. Incubation of slices at 22{degrees}C depressed the T/M ratio and QO{sub 2}. The presence of inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation in the incubation medium increased the release of {sup 99m}Tc activity from slices that had been prelabeled with {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO. These findings suggest that the altered metabolic status of the brain tissue modulates the kinetics and net accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO at the cellular level by either depressing uptake, increasing back-diffusion, or both. 33 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  5. 99mTc Sestamibi Thyroid Scan in Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis Type I.

    PubMed

    Patel, Niraj R; Tamara, Luis A; Lee, Ho

    2016-07-01

    Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) type I describes inducement of clinical hyperthyroidism by excessive thyroidal iodine in the setting of latent Graves disease, and therapy differs from that used for AIT type II. A 65-year-old man previously on amiodarone for atrial fibrillation developed clinical hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis of AIT was made, but the type was not clear. Tc sestamibi thyroid scan showed diffusely increased uptake and retention in an enlarged thyroid gland, a pattern consistent with AIT type I. Methimazole was initiated and controlled the thyrotoxicosis. I iodide thyroid scan and uptake study performed later was consistent with Graves disease.

  6. 99mTc-N4-[Tyr3]Octreotate Versus 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Tyr3]Octreotide: an intrapatient comparison of two novel Technetium-99m labeled tracers for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Gabriel, Michael; Decristoforo, Clemens; Maina, Theodosia; Nock, Berthold; vonGuggenberg, Elisabeth; Cordopatis, Paul; Moncayo, Roy

    2004-02-01

    Tetraamine-[Tyr3]octreotate (Demotate) is a somatostatin (SST) analogue that can be easily labeled with 99mTc at high specific activities and showed promising preclinical properties for SST receptor scintigraphy. This study reports on the first intra-patient comparison of 99mTc-Demotate and another 99mTc-labeled SST analogue, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (HYNIC-TOC). Five patients with carcinoid tumors (n = 2) and endocrine pancreatic tumors (n = 3) were investigated with both radiopharmaceuticals. 99mTc-Demotate rapidly visualized somatostatin receptor positive tumors as early as 15 minutes post-injection (p.i.) with maximum tumor uptake and tumor/organ ratios already 1 hour p.i. Organs of predominant physiological uptake were the spleen and the kidneys with no intestinal excretion detectable up to 24 hours. 99mTc-Demotate exhibited faster pharmacokinetic properties compared to HYNIC-TOC. Tumor/organ ratios at equivalent time points were higher or comparable for 99mTc-Demotate in three patients with a matching scan result. Equivocal findings were observed in two patients, i.e. comparable uptake behavior in larger lesions with differences in smaller ones. 99mTc-Demotate is a promising agent for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy providing images of excellent quality as early as 1 hour after injection.

  7. Technetium-99m-labeled rituximab for use as a specific tracer of sentinel lymph node biopsy: a translational research study.

    PubMed

    Wang, Xuejuan; Yang, Zhi; Lin, Baohe; Zhang, Yan; Zhai, Shizhen; Zhao, Qichao; Xie, Qing; Liu, Fei; Han, Xuedi; Li, Jinfeng; Ouyang, Tao

    2016-06-21

    We aimed to develop and translate a CD20-antigen-targeted radiopharmaceutical, Technetium-99 m-labeled (99mTc) rituximab, for sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection. 99mTc-rituximab was synthesized and tested for stability in human serum. The binding affinity to CD20 was evaluated in Raji cells by flow cytometric analysis. Biodistribution and sentinel node mapping were carried out in bal b/c mice. Eighty-five patients with breast cancer participated in this study. Dynamic sentinel lymphoscintigraphy was first assessed in 12 patients before planar lymphoscintigraphy was assessed in a larger cohort. All patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), followed by axillary lymph node dissection. The cell-binding study showed that 99mTc-rituximab possessed compatible affinity to human CD20. In the mechanism study, 99mTc-labeled anti-mouse CD20 monoclonal antibodies could bind to mouse CD20 and accumulate in the SLN with 2.62±1.25 % of the percentage of injected activity, which could be blocked by excessive unlabeled antibody. Low uptake of non-sentinel nodes and fast clearance from the injection site were observed in the mice. Sentinel nodes were identified in 82 of 85 breast cancer patients (96.5%) by lymphoscintigraphy and SLNB. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 96.8% (30/31), 100% (51/51), and 98.8% (81/82), respectively. 99mTc-rituximab, specifically binding to CD20, met most of the requirements of an ideal sentinel mapping agent for use in clinical settings.

  8. Liver Function Assessment Using Technetium 99m-Galactosyl Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/CT Fusion Imaging: A Prospective Trial.

    PubMed

    Okabayashi, Takehiro; Shima, Yasuo; Morita, Sojiro; Shimada, Yasuhiro; Sumiyoshi, Tatsuaki; Sui, Kenta; Iwata, Jun; Iiyama, Tatsuo

    2017-12-01

    The prediction of postoperative liver function remains a largely subjective practice based on CT volumetric analysis. However, future liver volume after a hepatectomy is not the only factor that contributes to postoperative liver function and outcomes. In this prospective trial, 185 consecutive patients who underwent liver operations between 2014 and 2015 were studied. Volumetric and functional rates of remnant liver were measured using technetium 99m-galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography/CT fusion imaging to evaluate post-hepatectomy remnant liver function. Remnant indocyanine green clearance rate using galactosyl (KGSA) (KGSA × functional rate) was used to predict future remnant liver function. Hepatectomy was considered safe for patients with remnant KGSA values ≥0.05, and the primary end point was to determine the accuracy and reliability of this criteria. The prediction of the 90-day major complication and mortality rates was assessed. Median hospital stay was 9 days and median ICU stay was 1 day, with only 1 in-hospital death (90-day mortality rate 0.5%). Overall morbidity rate evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification was 9%. For post-hepatectomy liver failure definitions, the International Study Group of Liver Surgery definition was fulfilled in 14 patients (8%), with the majority being grade B (50%), compared with 2 patients (1%) fulfilling the "50-50" criteria, and 0 patients (0%) fulfilling the Peak Bili >7 criteria. Results of this study showed that remnant KGSA provided information that allowed us to predict remnant liver function. This information will be important for surgeons when deciding on a treatment plan for patients with liver diseases. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02013895). Copyright © 2017 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Right ventricle performances with echocardiography and 99mTc myocardial perfusion imaging in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.

    PubMed

    Liu, Jie; Fei, Lei; Huang, Guang-Qing; Shang, Xiao-Ke; Liu, Mei; Pei, Zhi-Jun; Zhang, Yong-Xue

    2018-05-01

    Right heart catheterization is commonly used to measure right ventricle hemodynamic parameters and is the gold standard for pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosis; however, it is not suitable for patients' long-term follow-up. Non-invasive echocardiography and nuclear medicine have been applied to measure right ventricle anatomy and function, but the guidelines for the usefulness of clinical parameters remain to be established. The goal of this study is to identify reliable clinical parameters of right ventricle function in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and analyze the relationship of these clinical parameters with the disease severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, 23 normal subjects and 23 pulmonary arterial hypertension patients were recruited from January 2015 to March 2016. Pulmonary arterial hypertension patients were classified into moderate and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension groups according to their mean pulmonary arterial pressure levels. All the subjects were subjected to physical examination, chest X-ray, 12-lead electrocardiogram, right heart catheterization, two-dimensional echocardiography, and technetium 99m ( 99m Tc) myocardial perfusion imaging. Compared to normal subjects, the right heart catheterization indexes including right ventricle systolic pressure, right ventricle end diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and right ventricle end systolic pressure increased in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and were correlated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure levels. Echocardiography parameters, including tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area, right ventricle-myocardial performance index, were significantly associated with the mean pulmonary arterial pressure levels in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients

  10. In-house cyclotron production of high-purity Tc-99m and Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals.

    PubMed

    Martini, Petra; Boschi, Alessandra; Cicoria, Gianfranco; Zagni, Federico; Corazza, Andrea; Uccelli, Licia; Pasquali, Micòl; Pupillo, Gaia; Marengo, Mario; Loriggiola, Massimo; Skliarova, Hanna; Mou, Liliana; Cisternino, Sara; Carturan, Sara; Melendez-Alafort, Laura; Uzunov, Nikolay M; Bello, Michele; Alvarez, Carlos Rossi; Esposito, Juan; Duatti, Adriano

    2018-05-30

    In the last years, the technology for producing the important medical radionuclide technetium-99m by cyclotrons has become sufficiently mature to justify its introduction as an alternative source of the starting precursor [ 99m Tc][TcO 4 ] - ubiquitously employed for the production of 99m Tc-radiopharmaceuticals in hospitals. These technologies make use almost exclusively of the nuclear reaction 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc that allows direct production of Tc-99m. In this study, it is conjectured that this alternative production route will not replace the current supply chain based on the distribution of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators, but could become a convenient emergency source of Tc-99m only for in-house hospitals equipped with a conventional, low-energy, medical cyclotron. On this ground, an outline of the essential steps that should be implemented for setting up a hospital radiopharmacy aimed at the occasional production of Tc-99m by a small cyclotron is discussed. These include (1) target production, (2) irradiation conditions, (3) separation/purification procedures, (4) terminal sterilization, (5) quality control, and (6) Mo-100 recovery. To address these issues, a comprehensive technology for cyclotron-production of Tc-99m, developed at the Legnaro National Laboratories of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), will be used as a reference example. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. p-Tertbutylcalix[4]arene nanoemulsion: preparation, characterization and comparative evaluation of its decontamination efficacy against Technetium-99m, Iodine-131 and Thallium-201.

    PubMed

    Rana, Sudha; Sharma, Navneet; Ojha, Himanshu; Shivkumar, Hosakote Gurumalappa; Sultana, Sarwat; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar

    2014-05-01

    This study aimed to develop p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene o/w nanoemulsion for decontamination of radioisotopes from skin. Formulation was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multi-photon confocal microscopy techniques and in vitro dissolution studies. In vivo evaluation of nano-emulsion was done using nuclear medicine technique. Stability studies and dermal toxicity studies were also carried out. Comparative decontamination efficacy (DE) studies were performed on synthetic human tissue equivalent material and Sprague Dawley rat against three commonly used medical radioisotopes, i.e., Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc), Iodine-131 ((131)I) and Thallium-201 ((201)Tl). Decontamination was performed using cotton swabs soaked in nanoemulsion at different time intervals of contaminants exposure. Whole body imaging and static counts were recorded using gamma camera before and after each decontamination attempt data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). DE of the nanoemulsion loaded with p-tertbutylcalix[4]arene was observed to be 88±5%, 90±3% and 89±3% for (99m)Tc, (131)I and (201)Tl respectively. Dermal toxicity studies revealed no significant differences between treated and control animals. Skin histopathology slides with and without API (Active pharmaceutical ingredients) also found to be comparable. p-Tertbutylcalix[4]arene loaded nanoemulsion shows great promise for skin decontamination against broad ranges of radiological contaminants besides being stable and safe. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Effects of positive expiratory pressure on pulmonary clearance of aerosolized technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in healthy individuals

    PubMed Central

    de Albuquerque, Isabella Martins; Cardoso, Dannuey Machado; Masiero, Paulo Ricardo; Paiva, Dulciane Nunes; Resqueti, Vanessa Regiane; Fregonezi, Guilherme Augusto de Freitas; Menna-Barreto, Sérgio Saldanha

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) on pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability in healthy subjects. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of 30 healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 28.3 ± 5.4 years, a mean FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.89 ± 0.14, and a mean FEV1 of 98.5 ± 13.1% of predicted. Subjects underwent technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy in two stages: during spontaneous breathing; and while breathing through a PEP mask at one of three PEP levels-10 cmH2O (n = 10), 15 cmH2O (n = 10), and 20 cmH2O (n = 10). The 99mTc-DTPA was nebulized for 3 min, and its clearance was recorded by scintigraphy over a 30-min period during spontaneous breathing and over a 30-min period during breathing through a PEP mask. Results: The pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was significantly shorter when PEP was applied-at 10 cmH2O (p = 0.044), 15 cmH2O (p = 0.044), and 20 cmH2O (p = 0.004)-in comparison with that observed during spontaneous breathing. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PEP, at the levels tested, is able to induce an increase in pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability and lung volume in healthy subjects. PMID:28117469

  13. Assessment of the direct cyclotron production of (99m)Tc: An approach to crisis management of (99m)Tc shortage.

    PubMed

    Rovais, Mohammad Reza Aboudzadeh; Aardaneh, Khosro; Aslani, Gholamreza; Rahiminejad, Ali; Yousefi, Kamran; Boulouri, Fatemeh

    2016-06-01

    Nowadays, the cyclotron production of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) has been increased, due to the worldwide (99m)Tc generator shortage. In the present work, an improved strategy for the production of (99m)Tc, using the proton irradiation of the enriched (100)Mo was developed. The performance of this method in terms of the production yield, chemical purity, radiochemical purity, as well as radionuclide purity was evaluated. The average production yield was measured to be 356MBqμA(-1)h(-1). A good agreement was found between the calculated production yield and the experimental one. The radiochemical separation and total recovery yields of (99m)Tc were 92% and 69%, respectively. The radiochemical and the radionuclide purities of the (99m)Tc were 99% and >99.99% at the end of purification, respectively. The results of quality control tests (QC) support the concept that cyclotron-produced (99m)Tc is suitable for preparation of USP-compliant. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Technetium-99m labeled red blood cells in the evaluation of hemangiosarcoma

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Joseph, U.A.; Jhingran, S.G.

    Imaging with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells (RBC) is increasingly being used in the detection of acute gastro-intestinal bleeding, especially in patients with intermittent bleeding. A patient is presented in whom the labeled RBC scan was helpful in the incidental discovery of a previously unsuspected probable angiosarcoma of the right femur and adjacent soft tissues of the right hip due to the blood pool or blush effect of the labeled cells. The labeled RBC scan also identified extravasation due to active gastrointestinal bleeding from a previously unknown angiosarcoma of the ascending colon. Thus, the Tc-99m labeled RBC scan was usefulmore » in simultaneously detecting extravasation and blood pool effect at two remote tumor sites in the same patient.« less

  15. Immobilization and Limited Reoxidation of Technetium-99 by Fe(II)-Goethite

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Um, Wooyong; Chang, Hyun-shik; Icenhower, Jonathan P.

    2010-09-30

    This report summarizes the methodology used to test the sequestration of technetium-99 present in both deionized water and simulated Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant waste solutions.

  16. Adsorption of (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals onto injection vials and syringes.

    PubMed

    Mushtaq, Ahmad; Ur Rehman, Taj; Safdar Mansur, Muhammad; Jehangir, Mustanser

    2008-06-01

    Many groups have reported the adsorption or retention of (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on injection vials and disposable plastic syringes. Such an enormously high loss of radioactivity would result in poor images, radiation exposure, waste, and economic burdens. We therefore decided to investigate the extent of adsorption or retention of several (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals on injection vials, rubber stoppers, and plastic syringes. These radiopharmaceuticals are produced as lyophilized kits in our department and supplied to various hospitals practicing nuclear medicine in Pakistan. A vial containing lyophilized material was reconstituted with 3 mL of freshly eluted Na(99m)TcO(4). A 1-mL aliquot of the resulting solution was withdrawn into a syringe at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 h after preparation. All preparations were stored at room temperature ( approximately 22 degrees C). After each withdrawal, the vial was reweighed and the activity remaining in the vial was measured using a radioisotope calibrator. The sample was reinjected into the vial. From the original weight and activity of solution in the vial, the initial activity per gram was calculated. From the weight and activity remaining in the vial after withdrawal of the sample, the activity per gram of the sample was calculated. From the difference between the initial activity per gram and the activity per gram of the sample, the percentage of (99m)Tc adsorbed on the vial was calculated. All preparations were kept in the syringe for 15 min, and the activity was measured before and after the syringe was emptied. The needle and plunger of the syringe were separated, and activity in the needle and plunger was also measured. The labeling efficiency of all radiopharmaceuticals used during these studies was more than 95%. In most cases, the activity of (99m)Tc found on the rubber stopper was less than 1%. Adsorption of (99m)Tc onto vials increased gradually with storage time. Adsorption was minimal at the initial stages

  17. Technetium-99m tetrofosmin rest/stress myocardial SPET with a same-day 2-hour protocol: comparison with coronary angiography. A Spanish-Portuguese multicentre clinical trial.

    PubMed

    Montz, R; Perez-Castejón, M J; Jurado, J A; Martín-Comín, J; Esplugues, E; Salgado, L; Ventosa, A; Cantinho, G; Sá, E P; Fonseca, A T; Vieira, M R

    1996-06-01

    Technetium-99m tetrofosmin (Myoview) has unique properties for myocardial perfusion imaging very early after injection of the tracer. We used a very short same-day rest/stress protocol, to be performed within 2 h and evaluated its diagnostic accuracy. The study included 144 patients from seven Spanish and four Portuguese centres with a diagnosis of uncomplicated coronary artery disease (CAD); 78 patients (54%) had no history of prior myocardial infarction. Patients were injected with 99mTc-tetrofosmin at rest and images were excluded). The quality of rest images was excellent or good in 86%, regionally problematic in 7%, poor but well interpretable in 5% and non-evaluable in 2%. The overall sensitivity for the detection of CAD was 93%, the specificity 38% and the accuracy 85%. The localization of defects by SPET in relation to the perfusion territories of stenosed vessels (>/=50%) was achieved with a sensitivity of 64% for the left anterior descending artery, 49% for the left circumflex artery and 86% for the right coronary artery, and an accuracy of 71%, 72% and 73% respectively. Concordance of SPET and CA was 62% for single-vessel disease and 68% for multivessel disease. In conclusion, this Spanish-Portuguese multicentre clinical trial confirmed, in a considerable number of patients who underwent coronary angiography, the feasibility of 99mTc tetrofosmin (Myoview) rest/stress myocardial SPET using a very short protocol (2 h).

  18. Radionuclide imaging of myocardial infarction using Tc-99m TBI

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holman, B.L.; Campbell, S.; Kirshenbaum, J.M.

    The cationic complex Tc-99m t-butylisonitrile (TBI) concentrates in the myocardial tissue of several animal species. Its myocardial distribution is proportional to blood flow both in zones of ischemia and in normal myocardium at rest. Planar, tomographic, and gated myocardial images have been obtained using Tc-99m TBI in the human. The authors investigated the potential application of Tc-99m TBI imaging to detect and localize myocardial infarction. Four subjects without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and five patients with ECG evidence of previous myocardial infarction were studied. Tc-99m TBI (10mCi) was injected intravenously with the patient in a resting state with planarmore » imaging in the anterior, 30 and 70 degree LAO projections beginning one hr after injection. The distribution of the tracer was homogeneous throughout the left ventricular wall in the normal subjects. Regional perfusion defects were present in 4/5 of the patients with myocardial infarction. Location of the defects corresponded to the location of the infarct using ECG criteria (2 inferoposterior and 2 anterior). The patient in whom the Tc-99m TBI image appeared normal had sustained a subendocardial myocardial infarct which could not be localized by ECG; the other 4 pts had transmural infarcts. Anterior and 30 degree LAO images were of excellent quality in all cases; there was overlap of the liver on the inferior wall of the left ventricle on the 70 degree LAO views. The authors conclude that accurate perfusion imaging may be possible using Tc-99m TBI in patients with transmural myocardial infarction.« less

  19. Structural and Perfusion Abnormalities of Brain on MRI and Technetium-99m-ECD SPECT in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Comparative Study.

    PubMed

    Rana, Kamer Singh; Narwal, Varun; Chauhan, Lokesh; Singh, Giriraj; Sharma, Monica; Chauhan, Suneel

    2016-04-01

    Cerebral palsy has traditionally been associated with hypoxic ischemic brain damage. This study was undertaken to demonstrate structural and perfusion brain abnormalities. Fifty-six children diagnosed clinically as having cerebral palsy were studied between 1 to 14 years of age and were subjected to 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain and Technetium-99m-ECD brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1 with a mean age of 4.16 ± 2.274 years. Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common type, observed in 91%. Birth asphyxia was the most common etiology (69.6%). White matter changes (73.2%) such as periventricular leukomalacia and corpus callosal thinning were the most common findings on MRI. On SPECT all cases except one revealed perfusion impairments in different regions of brain. MRI is more sensitive in detecting white matter changes, whereas SPECT is better in detecting cortical and subcortical gray matter abnormalities of perfusion. © The Author(s) 2015.

  20. The use of technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid single-photon emission CT scan in the follow-up of type II endoleak treatment.

    PubMed

    Nakai, Motoki; Sato, Hirotatsu; Ikoma, Akira; Sonomura, Tetsuo; Sato, Morio

    2014-03-01

    An 84-year-old woman presented with persistent type II endoleak with sac expansion from 57 mm to 75 mm during 4-year follow-up after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The patient underwent transabdominal embolization with coils and N-butyl cyanoacrylate/ethiodized oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet, Villepinte, France) mixture (2.5 mL). Because of the anticipated embolization artifacts on follow-up computed tomography (CT), technetium-99m-labeled human serum albumin diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid single-photon emission computed tomography ((99m)Tc-HSAD SPECT) was performed before and after the intervention. Perigraft accumulation on (99m)Tc-HSAD SPECT corresponding to the endoleak disappeared after embolization. CT scan performed 12 months after embolization showed no signs of sac expansion. (99m)Tc-HSAD SPECT may be useful for evaluating therapeutic effect after embolization for endoleak. Copyright © 2014 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Detecting protein losing enteropathy by Tc-99m dextran scintigraphy: a novel experience.

    PubMed

    Kapoor, Seema; Ratan, Simmi K; Kashyap, Ravi; Mittal, S K; Rajeshwari, K; Rawat, H; Verma, Jyoti

    2002-09-01

    To evaluate protien using enteropathy by Tc-99m dextran scintigraphy. Methods for detecting protein loss from the intestine revolve around fecal nitrogen excretion, the clearance of alpha-1 antitrypsin in stools and by endoscopic biopsy. The diagnosis of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) can also be established by a scintigraphic method that is noninvasive, simple and requires no patient preparation or motivation. This diagnostic modality can also delineate the site of protein loss, thereby offering a targeted approach, and if need be, surgery. Radiolabelling of a non-protein, noncolloidal, nonparticulate and biofriendly molecule like dextran with Technetium-99m for imaging enteric protein loss was utilized in imaging eight children with PLE. The results were encouraging. The authors advocate the use of this diagnostic tool in identifying patients with PLE, particularly in the pediatric age group.

  2. Optimal reproducibility of gated sestamibi and thallium myocardial perfusion study left ventricular ejection fractions obtained on a solid-state CZT cardiac camera requires operator input.

    PubMed

    Cherk, Martin H; Ky, Jason; Yap, Kenneth S K; Campbell, Patrina; McGrath, Catherine; Bailey, Michael; Kalff, Victor

    2012-08-01

    To evaluate the reproducibility of serial re-acquisitions of gated Tl-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurements obtained on a new generation solid-state cardiac camera system during myocardial perfusion imaging and the importance of manual operator optimization of left ventricular wall tracking. Resting blinded automated (auto) and manual operator optimized (opt) LVEF measurements were measured using ECT toolbox (ECT) and Cedars-Sinai QGS software in two separate cohorts of 55 Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) and 50 thallium (Tl-201) myocardial perfusion studies (MPS) acquired in both supine and prone positions on a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) solid-state camera system. Resting supine and prone automated LVEF measurements were similarly obtained in a further separate cohort of 52 gated cardiac blood pool scans (GCBPS) for validation of methodology and comparison. Appropriate use of Bland-Altman, chi-squared and Levene's equality of variance tests was used to analyse the resultant data comparisons. For all radiotracer and software combinations, manual checking and optimization of valve planes (+/- centre radius with ECT software) resulted in significant improvement in MPS LVEF reproducibility that approached that of planar GCBPS. No difference was demonstrated between optimized MIBI/Tl-201 QGS and planar GCBPS LVEF reproducibility (P = .17 and P = .48, respectively). ECT required significantly more manual optimization compared to QGS software in both supine and prone positions independent of radiotracer used (P < .02). Reproducibility of gated sestamibi and Tl-201 LVEF measurements obtained during myocardial perfusion imaging with ECT toolbox or QGS software packages using a new generation solid-state cardiac camera with improved image quality approaches that of planar GCBPS however requires visual quality control and operator optimization of left ventricular wall tracking for best results. Using this superior cardiac technology, Tl-201

  3. A rare case of suprahepatic gall bladder with phocomelia and pancytopenia: detected by tc-99m mebrofenin scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Rather, Tanveeer Ah; Khan, Shoukat H; Singh, Manjeet; Choh, Naseer A

    2013-01-01

    The possibility of an ectopic gallbladder should always be considered whenever there is a failure to localize it in its normal anatomical position on routine imaging. Although a very rare entity, the anomalous position of gallbladder can result in misinterpretation of imaging findings and create clinical confusion. Awareness of such an anomaly facilitates proper diagnosis and subsequent management. The authors report a very rare case of suprahepatic gallbladder associated with phocomelia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly in a young 25-year-old female. The suprahepatic gallbladder was initially visualized on Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) Mebrofenin radionuclide hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Subsequent magnetic resonance cholecystopancreatography (MRCP) was also done to confirm the diagnosis.

  4. Tc-99m Glu-Cys-Gly-His-Gly-Lys (ECG-HGK), a novel Tc-99m labeled hexapeptide for molecular tumor imaging.

    PubMed

    Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

    2016-03-01

    Domain 5 of kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen inhibits the adhesion of many tumor cell lines, and it has been reported that the histidine-glycine-lysine (HGK)-rich region might be responsible for inhibition of cell adhesion. The authors developed HGK-containing hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-HGK, and evaluated the utility of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Hexapeptide, ECG-HGK was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 tumor-bearing mice, gamma imaging and biodistribution studies were performed. The complexes Tc-99m ECG-HGK was prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within the HT-1080 tumor cells had been demonstrated by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-HGK was accumulated substantially in the HT-1080 tumor (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 5.7 ± 1.4 at 4 h), and the tumoral uptake was blocked by the co-injection of excess HGK (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 2.8 ± 0.6 at 4 h). In the present study, Tc-99m ECG-HGK was developed as a new tumor imaging agents. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed specific function of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  5. Calculation of therapeutic activity of radioiodine in Graves' disease by means of Marinelli's formula, using technetium (99mTc) scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Szumowski, Piotr; Mojsak, Małgorzata; Abdelrazek, Saeid; Sykała, Monika; Amelian-Fiłonowicz, Anna; Jurgilewicz, Dorota; Myśliwiec, Janusz

    2016-12-01

    The therapeutic activity of 131 I administered to patients with Graves' disease can be calculated by means of Marinelli's formula. The thyroidal iodine uptake ( 131 IU max ) needed for the calculation is usually determined with the use of 131 I. The purpose of the paper was to estimate 131 IU max on the basis of technetium uptake in the thyroid at 20 min ( 99m TcU 20min ). Eighty patients suffering from Graves' disease were qualified for radioiodine therapy with measurement of fT 4 , fT 3 , thyroid-stimulating hormone and its receptor (TRAb). Prior to the treatment, all the patients were euthyroid. 131 IU max for each patient was determined according to the levels of 131 I after 24 h ( 131 IU 24h ), while effective half-life (T eff ) according to the measurements of 131 IU 24h and 131 I uptake after 48 h ( 131 IU 48h ). Additionally, on the day before measuring 131 IU 24h , 99m TcU 20min was calculated for each patient. It was demonstrated that there existed a correlation, with statistical significance at p < 0.05, between the following pairs of values: TRAb and 131 IU 24h , TRAb and 99m TcU 20min , and 99m TcU 20min and 131 IU 24h . The interdependence between 131 IU 24h and 99m TcU 20min at the level of significance p < 0.05 is described by the following algorithms: 131 IU 24h  = 17.72 × ln ( 99m TcU 20min ) + 30.485, if TRAb < 10 IU/ml, and 131 IU 24h  = 18.03 × ln ( 99m TcU 20min ) + 38.726, if TRAb > 10 IU/ml. It is possible to predict thyroid iodine uptake 131 IU 24h in Graves' disease on the basis of measuring the uptake of 99m TcU 20min . This shortens the time necessary for diagnosis and enables the calculation of 131 I activity using Marinelli's formula.

  6. Comparison of (99m)Tc-labeled PR81 and its F(ab')₂ fragments as radioimmunoscintigraphy agents for breast cancer imaging.

    PubMed

    Salouti, Mojtaba; Babaei, Mohammad Hossein; Rajabi, Hossein; Foroutan, Haleh; Rasaee, Mohammad Javad; Rajabi, Ahmad Bitarafan; Mohammadnejad, Javad; Shafiee, Mohammad; Mazidi, Mohammad; Daha, Fariba Johari

    2011-02-01

    We digested anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody PR81 to produce F(ab')₂ fragments. A comparison was performed between the two radiolabeled PR81 and F(ab')₂ fragments for breast tumor imaging in a mouse model. The optimum conditions for pepsin digestion of PR81 were investigated in terms of enzymes: antibody ratio, digestion time duration and preserved immunoreactivity of the produced fragments. The F(ab')₂ fragments were labeled with Technetium-99m using HYNIC as a chelator and tricine as a co-ligand. The immunoreactivity of the complexes was assessed by radioimmunoassay using MCF7 cells. Biodistribution and imaging studies were performed in female BALB/c mice with breast tumor xenograft at 4, 8 and 24 h post-administration. The PR81 was labeled with technetium-99m in the same way for comparison. The optimum time duration for PR81 digestion was found to be 28 h at an enzyme:antibody weight ratio of 1:20 that resulted in 95.2 ± 4.7% purity. The labeling of intact PR81 and its F(ab')₂ fragments were 87.6 ± 4.2 and 76.1 ± 3.3% after 1 h, respectively (p value <0.05). The percentage of immunoreactivity of F(ab')₂ fragments and intact PR81 were 75.4 ± 2.1% and 85.7 ± 2.9%, respectively (p value <0.05). The biodistribution and imaging studies demonstrated localization of the fragments at 4 h post-administration with high sensitivity and specificity. The results showed that F(ab')₂ fragment of PR81 is more suitable than intact PR81 for safer and more rapid detection of human breast cancer.

  7. Preclinical molecular imaging: development of instrumentation for translational research with small laboratory animals.

    PubMed

    Mejia, Jorge; Miranda, Ana Claudia Camargo; Durante, Ana Claudia Ranucci; Oliveira, Larissa Rolim de; Barboza, Marycel Rosa Felisa Figols de; Rosell, Katerin Taboada; Jardim, Daniele Pereira; Campos, Alexandre Holthausen; Reis, Marilia Alves Dos; Catanoso, Marcela Forli; Galvis-Alonso, Orfa Yineth; Cabral, Francisco Romero

    2016-01-01

    To present the result of upgrading a clinical gamma-camera to be used to obtain in vivo tomographic images of small animal organs, and its application to register cardiac, renal and neurological images. An updated version of the miniSPECT upgrading device was built, which is composed of mechanical, electronic and software subsystems. The device was attached to a Discovery VH (General Electric Healthcare) gamma-camera, which was retired from the clinical service and installed at the Centro de Imagem Pré-Clínica of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. The combined system was characterized, determining operational parameters, such as spatial resolution, magnification, maximum acceptable target size, number of projections, and acquisition and reconstruction times. Images were obtained with 0.5mm spatial resolution, with acquisition and reconstruction times between 30 and 45 minutes, using iterative reconstruction with 10 to 20 iterations and 4 projection subsets. The system was validated acquiring in vivo tomographic images of the heart, kidneys and brain of normal animals (mice and adult rats), using the radiopharmaceuticals technetium-labeled hexakis-2-methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile (99mTc-Sestamibi), technetium-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) and technetium-labeled hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO). This kind of application, which consists in the adaptation for an alternative objective of already existing instrumentation, resulted in a low-cost infrastructure option, allowing to carry out large scale in vivo studies with enhanced quality in several areas, such as neurology, nephrology, cardiology, among others. Apresentar o resultado da adaptação de uma gama câmara clínica para uso dedicado na obtenção de imagens tomográficas in vivo de órgãos de pequenos animais de experimentação, e de sua aplicação na obtenção de imagens cardíacas, renais e neurológicas. Foi construída uma versão atualizada do dispositivo de adapta

  8. Hyperfunctioning parathyroid tumours in patients with thyroid nodules. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of high-resolution ultrasonography and 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Lumachi, F; Marzola, M C; Zucchetta, P; Tregnaghi, A; Cecchin, D; Bui, F

    2003-09-01

    A series of 112 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent both high-resolution neck ultrasonography (US) and 99mTc-sestamibi/99mTc-pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy (SS) prior to successful parathyroidectomy was reviewed. There were 29 (25.9%) men and 83 (74.1%) women, with a median age of 58 years (range 13-78 years). Patients were divided into two groups, according to the preoperative US findings: group A (87 patients, 77.7%) without thyroid diseases, and group B (25 patients, 22.3%) with either multinodular goitre or a solitary nontoxic thyroid nodule. In group B patients partial or total thyroidectomy was also performed, according to the intraoperative findings and frozen-section examination results. Final histopathology showed 99 (88.4%) solitary parathyroid (PT) adenomas and 3 (2.7%) PT carcinomas, while 10 (8.9%) patients had a multiglandular disease. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were (group A vs group B) 79.8% vs 70.8% (P=0.25) and 95.7% vs 94.4% (P=0.58) for US, and 83.3% vs 87.0% (P=0.47) and 95.9% vs 90.9% (P=0.32) for SS respectively. Better but similar (P=not significant) results were obtained in patients with solitary PT tumours: 81.5% vs 77.8% (US) and 85.0 vs 94.1% (SS) sensitivity; 97.1% vs 93.3% (US) and 95.8% vs 88.9% (SS) PPV. Overall, the combination of US and SS was 92.9% sensitive (group A=93.1%, group B=92.0%; P=0.55), and the PPV reached 100% in each group. In conclusion, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism the results of both US and SS are independent of coexistent thyroid disease, especially in patients with solitary PT tumours.

  9. A Rare Case of Suprahepatic Gall Bladder with Phocomelia and Pancytopenia: Detected by Tc-99m Mebrofenin Scintigraphy

    PubMed Central

    Rather, Tanveeer Ah; Khan, Shoukat H.; Singh, Manjeet; Choh, Naseer A.

    2013-01-01

    The possibility of an ectopic gallbladder should always be considered whenever there is a failure to localize it in its normal anatomical position on routine imaging. Although a very rare entity, the anomalous position of gallbladder can result in misinterpretation of imaging findings and create clinical confusion. Awareness of such an anomaly facilitates proper diagnosis and subsequent management. The authors report a very rare case of suprahepatic gallbladder associated with phocomelia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly in a young 25-year-old female. The suprahepatic gallbladder was initially visualized on Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) Mebrofenin radionuclide hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Subsequent magnetic resonance cholecystopancreatography (MRCP) was also done to confirm the diagnosis. PMID:23961256

  10. Sectorial technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy for monitoring the effect of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy for calyceal calculi on regional renal function.

    PubMed

    Al-Tawheed, A; Al-Awadi, K A; Kehinde, E O; Loutfi, I; Abdul-Haleem, H; Al-Mohannadi, S

    2003-01-01

    To apply a semiquantitative method for analysis of technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy for monitoring the effect of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) in patients with calyceal stones on regional kidney function and to check whether EPL had caused any deleterious effect on the target calyceal renal parenchymal function. Forty patients (mean age 35 years) suffering from calyceal stones documented by abdominal plain radiography, intravenous urogram or abdominal ultrasound were studied. All patients were treated by EPL. (99m)Tc-DMSA scan was performed before and 4 weeks after EPL. Sector analysis involved calculation of the relative function of the target calyx to the function of the ipsilateral kidney and the relative function of the treated kidney to global renal function. The stone sizes were 6-11 mm in diameter and 11 were located in the upper, 13 in the middle and 16 in the lower calyx. After EPL, the overall stone clearance rate was 85% (100% for calculi in the upper and middle calyces, 62% for lower calyces). The sector analysis did not show statistically significant change of the relative regional (calyceal) or whole kidney function between the pre- and post-EPL (99m)Tc-DMSA scans. Using sector analysis, EPL appeared to be a safe modality and its usage was not associated with any untoward effect on calyceal or whole kidney function. Sector analysis of (99m)Tc-DMSA renal scan is a simple semiquantitative method for monitoring regional changes of kidney function after EPL for treatment of calyceal stone. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

  11. Comparison of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and HYNIC-TATE octreotide scintigraphy with FDG PET and 99mTc-MIBI in local recurrent or distant metastatic thyroid cancers.

    PubMed

    Sager, Sait; Kabasakal, Levent; Halac, Metin; Maecke, Helmut; Uslu, Lebriz; Önsel, Çetin; Kanmaz, Bedii

    2013-05-01

    There have been various studies for early diagnosis of local recurrent or distant metastatic thyroid cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-HYNIC-TATE, octreotide derivatives, to detect recurrences or distant metastases in 131I-negative thyroglobulin positive thyroid cancer patients and to compare the lesions with FDG PET and 99mTc-MIBI studies in the same patient group. Twenty differentiated thyroid cancer patients, 7 male and 13 female, mean age 54.6 ± 15.3 (range 13-78 years), were included in this study. Eighteen patients had papillary thyroid cancer and 2 had follicular thyroid cancer. Fifteen patients received HYNIC-TOC and 5 patients received HYNIC-TATE as a radiopharmaceutical. All patients underwent whole-body scan 1 and 4 hours after injection of octreotide derivatives and SPECT imagings were performed from the suspicious sites. The lesions that were seen in 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-HYNIC-TATE studies were compared with 99mTc-MIBI and FDG-PET studies. Among 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC and 99mTc-HYNIC-TATE scintigraphies, 15 patient studies were evaluated as true positive (75%) and 5 were false negative (25%). The total number of lesions in octreotide scintigraphy was 48 in 20 patients. Of 20 patients, 19 had FDG-PET study, 15 of them were evaluated as true positive (78.9%), and 4 them were evaluated as false negative (21.1%). Total number of lesions in FDG PET was 74. 99mTc-MIBI study was positive in 11 patients (55%) and negative in 9 patients (45%). Total number of lesions in 99mTc-MIBI was 25. Technetium-labeled somatostatin receptor scintigraphy analogues HYNIC-TOC and HYNIC-TATE are useful imaging alternatives in somatostatin receptor expressing thyroid cancer patients. Radiolabeling is easy and they are readily available for routine use.

  12. Evaluating 99mTc Auger electrons for targeted tumor radiotherapy by computational methods.

    PubMed

    Tavares, Adriana Alexandre S; Tavares, João Manuel R S

    2010-07-01

    Technetium-99m (99mTc) has been widely used as an imaging agent but only recently has been considered for therapeutic applications. This study aims to analyze the potential use of 99mTc Auger electrons for targeted tumor radiotherapy by evaluating the DNA damage and its probability of correct repair and by studying the cellular kinetics, following 99mTc Auger electron irradiation in comparison to iodine-131 (131I) beta minus particles and astatine-211 (211At) alpha particle irradiation. Computational models were used to estimate the yield of DNA damage (fast Monte Carlo damage algorithm), the probability of correct repair (Monte Carlo excision repair algorithm), and cell kinetic effects (virtual cell radiobiology algorithm) after irradiation with the selected particles. The results obtained with the algorithms used suggested that 99mTc CKMMX (all M-shell Coster-Kroning--CK--and super-CK transitions) electrons and Auger MXY (all M-shell Auger transitions) have a therapeutic potential comparable to high linear energy transfer 211At alpha particles and higher than 131I beta minus particles. All the other 99mTc electrons had a therapeutic potential similar to 131I beta minus particles. 99mTc CKMMX electrons and Auger MXY presented a higher probability to induce apoptosis than 131I beta minus particles and a probability similar to 211At alpha particles. Based on the results here, 99mTc CKMMX electrons and Auger MXY are useful electrons for targeted tumor radiotherapy.

  13. Imaging of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Bivalent 99mTc-Hydroxamamide Complexes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Iikuni, Shimpei; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Matsumura, Kenji; Yoshimura, Masashi; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue; Okamoto, Yoko; Ihara, Masafumi; Saji, Hideo

    2016-05-01

    Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the deposition of amyloid aggregates in the walls of cerebral vasculature, is a major factor in intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment and is also associated closely with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously reported 99mTc-hydroxamamide (99mTc-Ham) complexes with a bivalent amyloid ligand showing high binding affinity for β-amyloid peptide (Aβ(1-42)) aggregates present frequently in the form in AD. In this article, we applied them to CAA-specific imaging probes, and evaluated their utility for CAA-specific imaging. In vitro inhibition assay using Aβ(1-40) aggregates deposited mainly in CAA and a brain uptake study were performed for 99mTc-Ham complexes, and all 99mTc-Ham complexes with an amyloid ligand showed binding affinity for Aβ(1-40) aggregates and very low brain uptake. In vitro autoradiography of human CAA brain sections and ex vivo autoradiography of Tg2576 mice were carried out for bivalent 99mTc-Ham complexes ([99mTc]SB2A and [99mTc]BT2B), and they displayed excellent labeling of Aβ depositions in human CAA brain sections and high affinity and selectivity to CAA in transgenic mice. These results may offer new possibilities for the development of clinically useful CAA-specific imaging probes based on the 99mTc-Ham complex.

  14. Imaging of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy with Bivalent (99m)Tc-Hydroxamamide Complexes.

    PubMed

    Iikuni, Shimpei; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Matsumura, Kenji; Yoshimura, Masashi; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue; Okamoto, Yoko; Ihara, Masafumi; Saji, Hideo

    2016-05-16

    Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by the deposition of amyloid aggregates in the walls of cerebral vasculature, is a major factor in intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment and is also associated closely with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We previously reported (99m)Tc-hydroxamamide ((99m)Tc-Ham) complexes with a bivalent amyloid ligand showing high binding affinity for β-amyloid peptide (Aβ(1-42)) aggregates present frequently in the form in AD. In this article, we applied them to CAA-specific imaging probes, and evaluated their utility for CAA-specific imaging. In vitro inhibition assay using Aβ(1-40) aggregates deposited mainly in CAA and a brain uptake study were performed for (99m)Tc-Ham complexes, and all (99m)Tc-Ham complexes with an amyloid ligand showed binding affinity for Aβ(1-40) aggregates and very low brain uptake. In vitro autoradiography of human CAA brain sections and ex vivo autoradiography of Tg2576 mice were carried out for bivalent (99m)Tc-Ham complexes ([(99m)Tc]SB2A and [(99m)Tc]BT2B), and they displayed excellent labeling of Aβ depositions in human CAA brain sections and high affinity and selectivity to CAA in transgenic mice. These results may offer new possibilities for the development of clinically useful CAA-specific imaging probes based on the (99m)Tc-Ham complex.

  15. Development and characterization of a 99m Tc-tricarbonyl-labelled estradiol derivative obtained by "Click Chemistry" with potential application in estrogen receptors imaging.

    PubMed

    Tejería, María Emilia; Giglio, Javier; Dematteis, Silvia; Rey, Ana

    2017-09-01

    Assessment of the presence of estrogen receptors in breast cancer is crucial for treatment planning. With the objective to develop a potential agent for estrogen receptors imaging, we present the development and characterization of a 99m Tc-tricarbonyl-labelled estradiol derivative. Using ethinylestradiol as starting material, an estradiol derivative bearing a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole-containing tridentate ligand system was synthesized by "Click Chemistry" and fully characterized. Labelling with high yield and radiochemical purity was achieved through the formation of a 99m Tc-tricarbonyl complex. The radiolabelled compound was stable, exhibited moderate binding to plasma protein (approximately 33%) and lipophilicity in the adequate range (logP 1.3 ± 0.1 at pH 7.4). Studies in MCF7 showed promising uptake values (approximately 2%). However, more than 50% of the activity is quickly released from the cell. Biodistribution experiments in normal rats confirmed the expected "in vivo" stability of the radiotracer but showed very high gastrointestinal and liver activity, which is inconvenient for in vivo applications. Taking into consideration the well-documented influence of the chelating system in the physicochemical and biological behaviour of technetium-labelled small biomolecules, research will be continued using the same pharmacophore but different complexation modalities of technetium. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. Differences in the intracellular processing of the radiolabel following the uptake of iodine-125- and technetium-99m-neogalactosyl albumin by the isolated perfused rat liver

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gore, S.; Morris, A.I.; Gilmore, I.T.

    1991-03-01

    Neogalactosyl albumin (NGA) is a synthetic ligand to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (hepatic binding protein), which has been proposed as a useful receptor binding radiopharmaceutical for the noninvasive assessment of liver function. We have compared the uptake and intracellular processing of iodine-125- (125I) and technetium-99m- ({sup 99m}Tc) NGA following its administration as a 1-min pulse (147 pmol) to the isolated perfused rat liver. Approximately 40% of a pulse of either {sup 125}I- or {sup 99m}Tc-NGA were taken up first pass by the liver. Of the {sup 125}I taken up by the liver, 82% was released after 15-20 min at the sinusoidalmore » pole of the hepatocyte, predominantly as small molecular weight metabolites. A further 8% of the {sup 125}I-associated radioactivity was secreted as intact NGA into bile by the non-lysosomal (direct) pathway while 6% remained in the liver 1 hr after the pulse. In contrast, of the {sup 99m}Tc taken up by the liver, only 4% reappeared in the perfusate while 40% was secreted into bile by the lysosomal (indirect) pathway and 55% remained in the liver 1 hr after the pulse. Since labeled metabolites of {sup 99m}Tc-NGA do not appear in plasma, this permits kinetic modeling with {sup 99m}Tc-NGA without correction for labeled metabolites. Thus, {sup 99m}Tc-NGA is an excellent candidate as a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical.« less

  17. Comparative evaluation of technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renal dynamic imaging versus the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for the estimation of GFR.

    PubMed

    Huang, Qi; Chen, Yunshuang; Zhang, Min; Wang, Sihe; Zhang, Weiguang; Cai, Guangyan; Chen, Xiangmei; Sun, Xuefeng

    2018-04-01

    We compared the performance of technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( 99m Tc-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging (RDI), the MDRD equation, and the CKD EPI equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). A total of 551 subjects, including CKD patients and healthy individuals, were enrolled in this study. Dual plasma sample clearance method of 99m Tc-DTPA was used as the true value for GFR (tGFR). RDI and the MDRD and CKD EPI equations for estimating GFR were compared and evaluated. Data indicate that RDI and the MDRD equation underestimated GFR and CKD EPI overestimated GFR. RDI was associated with significantly higher bias than the MDRD and CKD EPI equations. The regression coefficient, diagnostic precision, and consistency of RDI were significantly lower than either equation. RDI and the MDRD equation underestimated GFR to a greater degree in subjects with tGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m 2 compared with the results obtained from all subjects. In the tGFR60-89 ml/min/1.73 m 2 group, the precision of RDI was significantly lower than that of both equations. In the tGFR30-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 group, RDI had the least bias, the most precision, and significantly higher accuracy compared with either equation. In tGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , the three methods had similar performance and were not significantly different. RDI significantly underestimates GFR and performs no better than MDRD and CKD EPI equations for GFR estimation; thus, it should not be recommended as a reference standard against which other GFR measurement methods are assessed. However, RDI better estimates GFR than either equation for individuals in the tGFR30-59 ml/min/1.73 m 2 group and thus may be helpful to distinguish stage 3a and 3b CKD.

  18. (99m)Tc-bioorthogonal click chemistry reagent for in vivo pretargeted imaging.

    PubMed

    García, María Fernanda; Zhang, Xiuli; Shah, Manankumar; Newton-Northup, Jessica; Cabral, Pablo; Cerecetto, Hugo; Quinn, Thomas

    2016-03-15

    Metal-free click chemistry has become an important tool for pretargeted approaches in the molecular imaging field. The application of bioorthogonal click chemistry between a pretargeted trans-cyclooctene (TCO) derivatized monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a (99m)Tc-modified 1,2,4,5-tetrazine for tumor imaging was examined in vitro and in vivo. The HYNIC tetrazine compound was synthesized and structurally characterized, confirming its identity. Radiolabeling studies demonstrated that the HYNIC tetrazine was labeled with (99m)Tc at an efficiency of >95% and was radiochemically stable. (99m)Tc-HYNIC tetrazine reacted with the TCO-CC49 mAb in vitro demonstrating its selective reactivity. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed non-specific liver and GI uptake due to the hydrophobic property of the compound, however pretargeted SPECT imaging studies demonstrated tumor visualization confirming the success of the cycloaddition reaction in vivo. These results demonstrated the potential of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-tetrazine for tumor imaging with pretargeted mAbs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  19. Targeted functional imaging of estrogen receptors with 99mTc-GAP-EDL.

    PubMed

    Takahashi, Nobukazu; Yang, David J; Kohanim, Saady; Oh, Chang-Sok; Yu, Dong-Fang; Azhdarinia, Ali; Kurihara, Hiroaki; Zhang, Xiaochun; Chang, Joe Y; Kim, E Edmund

    2007-03-01

    To evaluate the feasibility of using (99m)Tc-glutamate peptide-estradiol in functional imaging of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] diseases. 3-Aminoethyl estradiol (EDL) was conjugated to glutamate peptide (GAP) to yield GAP-EDL. Cellular uptake studies of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL were conducted in ER(+) cell lines (MCF-7, 13762 and T47D). To demonstrate whether GAP-EDL increases MAP kinase activation, Western blot analysis of GAP-EDL was performed in 13762 cells. Biodistribution was conducted in nine rats with 13762 breast tumors at 0.5-4 h. Each rat was administered (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. Two animal models (rats and rabbits) were created to ascertain whether tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL was via an ER-mediated process. In the tumor model, breast tumor-bearing rats were pretreated with diethylstilbestrol (DES) 1 h prior to receiving (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. In the endometriosis model, part of the rabbit uterine tissue was dissected and grafted to the peritoneal wall. The rabbit was administered with (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. There was a 10-40% reduction in uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL in cells treated with DES or tamoxifen compared with untreated cells. Western blot analysis showed an ERK1/2 phosphorylation process with GAP-EDL. Biodistribution studies showed that tumor uptake and tumor-to-muscle count density ratio in (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL groups were significantly higher than those in (99m)Tc-GAP groups at 4 h. Among (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL groups, region of interest analysis of images showed that tumor-to muscle ratios were decreased in blocking groups. In the endometriosis model, the grafted uterine tissue could be visualized by (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL. Cellular or tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL occurs via an ER-mediated process. (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL is a useful agent for imaging functional ER(+) disease.

  20. A biokinetic model for systemic technetium in adult humans

    DOE PAGES

    Leggett, Richard Wayne; Giussani, Augusto

    2015-04-10

    The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) currently is updating its biokinetic and dosimetric models for internally deposited radionuclides. Technetium (Tc), the lightest element that exists only in radioactive form, has two important isotopes from the standpoint of potential risk to humans: the long-lived isotope 99Tm(T 1/2=2.1x10 5 y) is present in high concentration in nuclear waste, and the short-lived isotope 99mTc (T 1/2=6.02 h) is the most commonly used radionuclide in diagnostic nuclear medicine. This paper reviews data on the biological behavior of technetium and proposes a biokinetic model for systemic technetium in the adult human body formore » use in radiation protection. Compared with the ICRP s current occupational model for systemic technetium, the proposed model provides a more realistic description of the paths of movement of technetium in the body; provides greater consistency with experimental and medical data; and, for most radiosensitive organs, yields substantially different estimates of cumulative activity (total radioactive decays within the organ) following uptake of 99Tm or 99mTc to blood.« less

  1. Novel 99mTc(III)-azide complexes [99mTc(N3)(CDO)(CDOH)2B-R] (CDOH2=cyclohexanedione dioxime) as potential radiotracers for heart imaging.

    PubMed

    Liu, Min; Zheng, Yumin; Avcibasi, Ugur; Liu, Shuang

    2016-11-01

    In this study, novel 99m Tc(III)-azide complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] ( 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 : R=IS; 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 : R=MP; 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 : R=PA; 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 : R=PY; and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 : R=5U) were evaluated as heart imaging agents. Complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R] (R=IS, MP, PA, PY and 5U) were prepared by ligand exchange between NaN 3 and [ 99m TcCl(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Biodistribution and imaging studies were carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats. Image quantification was performed to compare their initial heart uptake and myocardial retention. 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were prepared with high RCP (93-98%) while the RCP of 99m Tc-MPboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-PAboroxime-N 3 was 80-85%. The myocardial retention curves of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 were best fitted to the bi-exponential decay function. The half-time of the fast component was 1.6±0.4min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 , 0.7±0.1min for 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 and 0.9±0.4min for 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 . The 2-min heart uptake from biodistribution studies followed the ranking order of 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 (3.60±0.68%ID/g)> 99m Tc-PYboroxime-N 3 (2.35±0.37%ID/g)≫ 99m Tc-Uboroxime-N 3 (1.29±0.06%ID/g). 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 had the highest 2-min heart uptake among 99m Tc radiotracers revaluated in SD rats. High quality SPECT images were obtained with the right and left ventricular walls being clearly delineated. The best image acquisition window was 0-5min for 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 . Both azide coligand and boronate caps had significant impact on the heart uptake and myocardial retention of complexes [ 99m Tc(N 3 )(CDO)(CDOH) 2 B-R]. Among the radiotracers evaluated in SD rats, 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 has the highest initial heart uptake with the heart retention comparable to that of 99m Tc-Teboroxime. 99m Tc-ISboroxime-N 3 is a promising alternative to 99m Tc-Teboroxime for

  2. Monitoring Tc dynamics in a bioreduced sediment: an investigation with gamma camera imaging of (99m)Tc-pertechnetate and (99m)Tc-DTPA.

    PubMed

    Vandehey, Nicholas T; O'Neil, James P; Slowey, Aaron J; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Druhan, Jennifer L; Moses, William W; Nico, Peter S

    2012-11-20

    We demonstrate the utility of nuclear medical imaging technologies and a readily available radiotracer, [(99m)Tc]TcO(4)(-), for the noninvasive monitoring of Fe(II) production in acetate-stimulated sediments from Old Rifle, CO, USA. Microcosms consisting of sediment in artificial groundwater media amended with acetate were probed by repeated injection of radiotracer over three weeks. Gamma camera imaging was used to noninvasively quantify the rate and extent of [(99m)Tc]TcO(4)(-) partitioning from solution to sediment. Aqueous Fe(II) and sediment-associated Fe(II) were also measured and correlated with the observed tracer behavior. For each injection of tracer, curves of (99m)Tc concentration in solution vs time were fitted to an analytic function that accounts for both the observed rate of sedimentation as well as the rate of (99m)Tc association with the sediment. The rate and extent of (99m)Tc association with the biostimulated sediment correlated well with the production of Fe(II), and a mechanism of [(99m)Tc]TcO(4)(-) reduction via reaction with surface-bound Fe(II) to form an immobile Tc(IV) species was inferred. After three weeks of bioreduction, a subset of microcosms was aerated in order to reoxidize the Fe(II) to Fe(III), which also destroyed the affinity of the [(99m)Tc]TcO(4)(-) for the sediments. However, within 3 days postoxidation, the rate of Tc(VII) reduction was faster than immediately before oxidation implying a rapid return to more extensive bioreduction. Furthermore, aeration soon after a tracer injection showed that sediment-bound Tc(IV) is rapidly resolubilized to Tc(VII). In contrast to the [(99m)Tc]TcO(4)(-), a second commercially available tracer, (99m)Tc-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), had minimal association with sediment in both controls and biostimulated sediments. These experiments show the promise of [(99m)Tc]TcO(4)(-) and (99m)Tc-DTPA as noninvasive imaging probes for a redox-sensitive radiotracer and a conservative flow

  3. Experimental study of radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose for tumor diagnosis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Bragina, O.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V.; Dergilev, A.

    2016-06-01

    Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. Radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B 1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 minutes. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D- glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3±0.15MBq and 1.07±0.6MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio- D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

  4. Study of potential utility of new radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeltchan, R.; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.; Chernov, V.; Stasyuk, E.; Rogov, A.; Il'ina, E.; Larionova, L.; Skuridin, V.

    2016-08-01

    Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with 99mTc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. The radioactivity in vials with normal and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25 MBq of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 min. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3 ± 0.15 MBq and 1.07 ± 0.6 MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of 99mTc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.

  5. 99 mTc-MIBI washout as a complementary factor in the evaluation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) using myocardial perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Shiroodi, Mohammad Kazem; Shafiei, Babak; Baharfard, Nastaran; Gheidari, Mohammad Esmail; Nazari, Babak; Pirayesh, Elaheh; Kiasat, Ali; Hoseinzadeh, Samaneh; Hashemi, Abolghassem; Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Ali; Javadi, Hamid; Nabipour, Iraj; Assadi, Majid

    2012-01-01

    Rapid technetium-99 m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99 mTc-MIBI) washout has been shown to occur in impaired myocardia. This study is based on the hypothesis that scintigraphy can be applied to calculate the myocardial 99 mTc-MIBI washout rate (WR) to diagnose and evaluate heart failure severity and other left ventricular functional parameters specifically in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) patients. Patients with IDCMP (n = 17; 52.65 ± 11.47 years) and normal subjects (n = 6; 49.67 ± 10.15 years) were intravenously administered 99 mTc-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99 mTc-MIBI). Next, early and delayed planar data were acquired (at 3.5-h intervals), and electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed. The 99 mTc-MIBI WR was calculated using early and delayed planar images. Left ventricular functional parameters were also analyzed using quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) data. In target group, myocardial WRs (29.13 ± 6.68%) were significantly higher than those of control subjects (14.17 ± 3.31%; P < 0.001). The 99 mTc-MIBI WR increased with the increasing severity of the NYHA functional class (23.16 ± 1.72% for class I, 30.25 ± 0.95% for class II, 32.60 ± 6.73% for class III, and 37.50 ± 7.77% for class IV; P = 0.02). The WR was positively correlated with the end-diastolic volume (EDV) index (r (2) = 0.216; β = 0.464; P = 0.02 [ml/m(2)], the end-systolic volume (ESV) index (r (2) = 0.234; β = 0.484; P = 0.01 [ml/m(2)]), the summed motion score (SMS) (r (2) = 0.544; β = 0.738; P = 0.00), and the summed thickening score (STS) (r (2) = 0.656; β = 0.810; P = 0.00); it was negatively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r (2) = 0.679; β = -0.824; P = 0.00). It can be concluded that 99 mTc-MIBI scintigraphy might be a valuable molecular imaging tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial damage or dysfunction severity.

  6. Liver perfusion imaging in patients with primary and metastatic liver malignancy: prospective comparison between 99mTc-MAA spect and dynamic CT perfusion.

    PubMed

    Reiner, Caecilia S; Goetti, Robert; Burger, Irene A; Fischer, Michael A; Frauenfelder, Thomas; Knuth, Alexander; Pfammatter, Thomas; Schaefer, Niklaus; Alkadhi, Hatem

    2012-05-01

    To prospectively analyze the correlation between parameters of liver perfusion from technetium99m-macroaggregates of albumin (99mTc-MAA) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with those obtained from dynamic CT perfusion in patients with primary or metastatic liver malignancy. Twenty-five consecutive patients (11 women, 14 men; mean age 60.9 ± 10.8; range: 32-78 years) with primary (n = 5) or metastatic (n = 20) liver malignancy planned to undergo selective internal radiotherapy underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced CT liver perfusion imaging (four-dimensional spiral mode, scan range 14.8 cm, 15 scans, cycle time 3 seconds) and 99m)Tc-MAA SPECT after intraarterial injection of 180 MBq 99mTc-MAA on the same day. Data were evaluated by two blinded and independent readers for the parameters arterial liver perfusion (ALP), portal venous perfusion (PVP), and total liver perfusion (TLP) from CT, and the 99mTc-MAA uptake-ratio of tumors in relation to normal liver parenchyma from SPECT. Interreader agreements for quantitative perfusion parameters were high for dynamic CT (r = 0.90-0.98, each P < .01) and 99mTc -MAA SPECT (r = 0.91, P < .01). Significant correlation was found between 99mTc-MAA uptake ratio and ALP (r = 0.7, P < .01) in liver tumors. No significant correlation was found between 99mTc-MAA uptake ratio, PVP (r = -0.381, P = .081), and TLP (r = 0.039, P = .862). This study indicates that in patients with primary and metastatic liver malignancy, ALP obtained by dynamic CT liver perfusion significantly correlates with the 99mTc-MAA uptake ratio obtained by SPECT. Copyright © 2012 AUR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Hürthle cell tumor dwelling in hot thyroid nodules: preoperative detection with technetium-99m-MIBI dual-phase scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Vattimo, A; Bertelli, P; Cintorino, M; Burroni, L; Volterrani, D; Vella, A; Lazzi, S

    1998-05-01

    Single injection dual-phase scintigraphy (early and late acquisitions) with 99mTc-MIBI was used to differentiate benign and malignant hot thyroid nodules. Thirteen euthyroid and two hyperthyroid patients displaying a hot thyroid nodule on the 99mTc scan due to an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) underwent early (15-30 min) and late (3-4 hr) thyroid scintigraphy after the administration of 740-1000 MBq 99mTc-MIBI. Visual scoring was done to assess nodular tracer uptake and retention. In addition, the nodular-to-thyroid (N/T) uptake ratio in the early and late image and the washout rates (WO) from the nodule and thyroidal tissue were measured. All patients underwent thyroid surgery. Histopathology revealed a Hürthle cell tumor in three nodules, a benign adenoma with oxyphilic metaplasia in two nodules and a benign adenoma without oxyphilic cells in the remaining 10 nodules. The Hürthle cell tumor nodules displayed intense and persistent uptake of 99mTc-MIBI (N/T was 2.81 +/- 0.52 and 5.53 +/- 1.06 in early and late images, respectively; WO from the nodule was 12.33 +/- 0.47, WO from the thyroidal tissue was 22.00 +/- 3.56). The benign nodules showed intense uptake in the early image and intense uptake to absent retention in the late image (N/T was 2.94 +/- 1.31 and 1.62 +/- 0.50 in the early and late images, respectively; WO from the nodule was 20.25 +/- 2.92, WO from the thyroidal tissue was 20.33 +/- 2.92). Single injection dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy of the thyroid with AFTN can identify nodules as a result of the activity of a Hürthle cell tumor, since these tumors cause intense and persistent tracer uptake in contrast with a benign AFTN.

  8. Development and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Bone-Targeted (99m)Tc-Radiolabeled Bisphosphonates.

    PubMed

    Makris, George; Tseligka, Eirini D; Pirmettis, Ioannis; Papadopoulos, Minas S; Vizirianakis, Ioannis S; Papagiannopoulou, Dionysia

    2016-07-05

    A novel bisphosphonate, 1-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane-1,1-diyldiphosphonic acid (3), was coupled to the tridentate chelators di-2-picolylamine, 2-picolylamine-N-acetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, 3-((2-aminoethyl)thio)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, and 2-((2-carboxyethyl)thio)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid to form ligands 6, 9, 11, 15, and 19, respectively. Organometallic complexes of the general formula [Re/(99m)Tc(CO)3(κ(3)-L)] were synthesized, where L denotes ligand 6, 9, 11, 15, or 19. The rhenium complexes were prepared at the macroscopic level and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The technetium-99m organometallic complexes were synthesized in high yield and were identified by comparative reversed-phase HPLC with their Re analogues. The (99m)Tc tracers were stable in vitro and exhibited binding to hydroxyapatite. In biodistribution studies, all of the (99m)Tc complexes exhibited high bone uptake superior to that of 25, which is the directly (99m)Tc-labeled bisphosphonate 3, and comparable to that of (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP). The tracers [(99m)Tc(CO)3(6)] (26), [(99m)Tc(CO)3(9)] (27), [(99m)Tc(CO)3(11)] (28), and [(99m)Tc(CO)3(15)] (29) exhibited higher bone/blood ratios than (99m)Tc-MDP. 26 had the highest bone uptake at 1 h p.i. The new bisphosphonates showed no substantial growth inhibitory capacity in PC-3, Saos-2, and MCF-7 established cancer cell lines at low concentrations. Incubation of 26 with the same cancer cell lines indicated a rapid and saturated uptake. The promising properties of 26-29 indicate their potential for use as bone-imaging agents.

  9. Real-time gamma imaging of technetium transport through natural and engineered porous materials for radioactive waste disposal.

    PubMed

    Corkhill, Claire L; Bridge, Jonathan W; Chen, Xiaohui C; Hillel, Phil; Thornton, Steve F; Romero-Gonzalez, Maria E; Banwart, Steven A; Hyatt, Neil C

    2013-12-03

    We present a novel methodology for determining the transport of technetium-99m, a γ-emitting metastable isomer of (99)Tc, through quartz sand and porous media relevant to the disposal of nuclear waste in a geological disposal facility (GDF). Quartz sand is utilized as a model medium, and the applicability of the methodology to determine radionuclide transport in engineered backfill cement is explored using the UK GDF candidate backfill cement, Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), in a model system. Two-dimensional distributions in (99m)Tc activity were collected at millimeter-resolution using decay-corrected gamma camera images. Pulse-inputs of ~20 MBq (99m)Tc were introduced into short (<10 cm) water-saturated columns at a constant flow of 0.33 mL min(-1). Changes in calibrated mass distribution of (99m)Tc at 30 s intervals, over a period of several hours, were quantified by spatial moments analysis. Transport parameters were fitted to the experimental data using a one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation, yielding transport properties for this radionuclide in a model GDF environment. These data demonstrate that (99)Tc in the pertechnetate form (Tc(VII)O4(-)) does not sorb to cement backfill during transport under model conditions, resulting in closely conservative transport behavior. This methodology represents a quantitative development of radiotracer imaging and offers the opportunity to conveniently and rapidly characterize transport of gamma-emitting isotopes in opaque media, relevant to the geological disposal of nuclear waste and potentially to a wide variety of other subsurface environments.

  10. Real-Time Gamma Imaging of Technetium Transport through Natural and Engineered Porous Materials for Radioactive Waste Disposal

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    We present a novel methodology for determining the transport of technetium-99m, a γ-emitting metastable isomer of 99Tc, through quartz sand and porous media relevant to the disposal of nuclear waste in a geological disposal facility (GDF). Quartz sand is utilized as a model medium, and the applicability of the methodology to determine radionuclide transport in engineered backfill cement is explored using the UK GDF candidate backfill cement, Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), in a model system. Two-dimensional distributions in 99mTc activity were collected at millimeter-resolution using decay-corrected gamma camera images. Pulse-inputs of ∼20 MBq 99mTc were introduced into short (<10 cm) water-saturated columns at a constant flow of 0.33 mL min–1. Changes in calibrated mass distribution of 99mTc at 30 s intervals, over a period of several hours, were quantified by spatial moments analysis. Transport parameters were fitted to the experimental data using a one-dimensional convection–dispersion equation, yielding transport properties for this radionuclide in a model GDF environment. These data demonstrate that 99Tc in the pertechnetate form (Tc(VII)O4–) does not sorb to cement backfill during transport under model conditions, resulting in closely conservative transport behavior. This methodology represents a quantitative development of radiotracer imaging and offers the opportunity to conveniently and rapidly characterize transport of gamma-emitting isotopes in opaque media, relevant to the geological disposal of nuclear waste and potentially to a wide variety of other subsurface environments. PMID:24147650

  11. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in management of patients with head and neck somatostatin receptor positive tumors.

    PubMed

    Trogrlic, Mate; Tezak, Stanko

    2016-01-01

    Aim of this study was to determine the value of technetium-99m-hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide (99mTc-ED-DA/HYNIC-TOC) in patients with somatostatin receptor (SSR) positive tumors of head and neck region. A total number of 16 patients were enrolled in this study. Planar whole body (WB) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were acquired at 2 and 4 hours after the injection of approximately 670 MBq of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. Additional single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images of the head and neck region were acquired at 4h post tracer injection. Clinical and imaging follow up were taken as the reference standard. There were 10 female and 6 male patients of age 57.7 ± 12.9 years (58.5; 32-78) years. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) was TP in 13 patients, TN in two and FP in one. Follow up period for SRS was 31.1 ± 19.4 (29; 2-63) months. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy provided additional information in 50% of patients, with impact on patient management in the same percentage of patients. Distant metastases were found in nine out of 16 patients (56%). 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SRS had sensitivity of 100% (75.3-100%), specificity of 66.7% (9.4-99.2%), accuracy of 93.7%, positive predictive value of 92.9% (66.1-99.8%), and negative predictive value of 100% (15.8-100%). Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is very useful imaging method in the evalu-ation of patients with SSR positive tumors of head and neck region.

  12. Study of potential utility of new radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled derivative of glucose

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zeltchan, R., E-mail: r.zelchan@yandex.ru; Medvedeva, A.; Sinilkin, I.

    Purpose: to study the potential utility of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with {sup 99m}Tc for cancer imaging in laboratory animals. Materials and method: the study was carried out in cell cultures of normal CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO) and malignant tissues MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7). To evaluate the uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in normal and tumor tissue cells, 25 MBq of 1-thio-D-glucose labeled with {sup 99m}Tc was added to the vials with 3 million cells and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. After centrifugation of the vials with cells, the supernatant was removed. The radioactivity in vials with normalmore » and tumor cells was then measured. In addition, the study included 40 mice of C57B1/6j lines with tumor lesion of the right femur. For neoplastic lesions, Lewis lung carcinoma model was used. Following anesthesia, mice were injected intravenously with 25 MBq of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose. Planar scintigraphy was performed 15 minutes later in a matrix of 512x512 pixels for 5 min. Results: when measuring the radioactivity of normal and malignant cells after incubation with {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose, it was found that the radioactivity of malignant cells was higher than that of normal cells. The mean values of radioactivity levels in normal and malignant cells were 0.3 ± 0.15 MBq and 1.07 ± 0.6 MBq, respectively. All examined animals had increased accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose at the tumor site. The accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in the tumor was on average twice as high as compared to the symmetric region. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for cancer visualization. In addition, high accumulation of {sup 99m}Tc-1-thio-D-glucose in the culture of cancer cells and in tumor tissue of animals demonstrates tumor tropism of the radiopharmaceutical.« less

  13. Technetium glucose complexes as potential cancer imaging agents.

    PubMed

    Dapueto, Rosina; Aguiar, Rodrigo B; Moreno, María; Machado, Camila M L; Marques, Fabio L N; Gambini, Juan P; Chammas, Roger; Cabral, Pablo; Porcal, Williams

    2015-10-01

    GLUT's (facilitative glucose transporters) over-expression in tumor cells has allowed the detection of several cancer types, using a glucose analogue ((18)F-FDG) with PET images, worldwide. New glucose analogs radiolabeled with (99m)Tc could be a less-expensive and more accessible alternative for diagnosis using SPECT imaging. d-Glucose ((99m)Tc-IDAG) and 2-d-deoxyglucose ((99m)Tc-AADG) organometallic complexes were proposed and studied as potential (18)F-FDG surrogates. The glucose complexes were prepared and evaluated as potential cancer imaging agents, in a melanoma tumor model. Iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and aminoacetate (AA) moieties were chosen as chelating system for radiolabeling with (99m)Tc. Tumor uptake of the formed complexes was evaluated in B16 murine cell line in vitro and in vivo in melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted with (18)F-FDG in order to compare the uptake of (99m)Tc-glucose complexes in the tumor model. IDAG and AADG compounds were synthesized and radiolabeled with (99m)TcO4(-) to obtain the (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG complexes in high yield and stability. In vitro cell studies showed maximum uptake at 60 min for complexes, (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG, with 6% and 2%, respectively. Biodistribution studies showed high tumor uptake one hour post-injection, reaching tumor-to-muscle ratios of 12.1 ± 3.73 and 2.88 ± 1.40 for (99m)Tc-IDAG and (99m)Tc-AADG, respectively. SPECT and micro-SPECT-CT images acquired after the injection of (99m)Tc-IDAG showed accumulation in tumor sites, suggesting that this glucose complex would be a promising candidate for cancer imaging. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Technetium 99m pertechnetate scans in congenital hypothyroidism

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bauman, R.A.; Bode, H.H.; Hayek, A.

    1976-08-01

    Goiters are rarely palpable in infants with congenital hypothyroidism except in the case of maternal ingestion of iodide. The presence or absence of glandular tissue is, however, important for genetic and prognostic counseling and for acceleration of diagnosis in other affected siblings. The detection of thyroid tissue by /sup 99m/Tc pertechnetate scans in a significant number of our patients heretofore considered athyreotic establishes that physical findings and traditional laboratory data are not adequate to determine whether or not thyroid tissue is present.

  15. Differences between the macroscopic and tracer level chemistry of rhenium and technetium: contrasting cage isomerisation behaviour of Re(I) and Tc(I) carborane complexes.

    PubMed

    Armstrong, Andrea F; Valliant, John F

    2010-09-21

    Carboranes form stable complexes with the [M(CO)(3)](+) (M = (99m)Tc, Re) core and are viable ligands for the development of targeted radiopharmaceuticals. (99m)Tc-carborane complexes were found to exhibit substantially different 1,2-->1,7 cage isomerisation behaviour than their Re counterparts, challenging the validity of the routine use of rhenium as a surrogate for the development of technetium-99m based molecular imaging agents.

  16. First validation of myocardial flow reserve assessed by dynamic 99mTc-sestamibi CZT-SPECT camera: head to head comparison with 15O-water PET and fractional flow reserve in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. The WATERDAY study.

    PubMed

    Agostini, Denis; Roule, Vincent; Nganoa, Catherine; Roth, Nathaniel; Baavour, Raphael; Parienti, Jean-Jacques; Beygui, Farzin; Manrique, Alain

    2018-07-01

    We assessed the feasibility of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and flow reserve (MFR) estimation using dynamic SPECT with a novel CZT camera in patients with stable CAD, in comparison with 15 O-water PET and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Thirty patients were prospectively included and underwent FFR measurements in the main coronary arteries (LAD, LCx, RCA). A stenosis ≥50% was considered obstructive and a FFR abnormal if ≤0.8. All patients underwent a dynamic rest/stress 99m Tc-sestamibi CZT-SPECT and 15 O-water PET for MBF and MFR calculation. Net retention kinetic modeling was applied to SPECT data to estimate global uptake values, and MBF was derived using Leppo correction. Ischemia by PET and CZT-SPECT was considered present if MFR was lower than 2 and 2.1, respectively. CZT-SPECT yielded higher stress and rest MBF compared to PET for global and LAD and LCx territories, but not in RCA territory. MFR was similar in global and each vessel territory for both modalities. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of CZT-SPECT were, respectively, 83.3, 95.8, 93.3, 100 and 85.7% for the detection of ischemia and 58.3, 84.6, 81.1, 36.8 and 93% for the detection of hemodynamically significant stenosis (FFR ≤ 0.8). Dynamic 99m Tc-sestamibi CZT-SPECT was technically feasible and provided similar MFR compared to 15 O-water PET and high diagnostic value for detecting impaired MFR and abnormal FFR in patients with stable CAD.

  17. Two peptide receptor ligands (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide and (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin for scintigraphy of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Kosowicz, Jerzy; Mikołajczak, Renata; Czepczyński, Rafał; Ziemnicka, Katarzyna; Gryczyńska, Maria; Sowiński, Jerzy

    2007-10-01

    Somatostatin and gastrin receptors are overexpressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cells; hence, both of them are potential targets for peptide receptor scintigraphy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the clinical value of two technetium-99m-labeled peptides, a new gastrin analog, the EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin and a somatostatin analog, EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr(3)-octreotide (EDDA/HYNIC-TOC) for scintigraphy in patients with MTC to detect recurrences and metastases and select patients for peptide receptor radiotherapy. Thirty (30) patients, 20 females and 10 males, 22-83 years of age (mean, 52.7) with the diagnosis of MTC in different stages of the disease (preoperative, postsurgery, remission, recurrence, or metastatic disease) were included in this study. Before surgery, in all patients serum calcitonin concentrations were elevated. The diagnosis of MTC was confirmed in all cases by histopathology of the removed tumor and immunohistochemical staining giving positive reactions for calcitonin and chromogranin A. Imaging studies using (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC and a new minigastrin analog, (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin, were performed in each patient and the results compared with each other and with other imaging methods. Scans of the whole body, head, neck, and chest were performed 2 and 4 hours after injections of the tracer, 500-600 MBq in each case, using a double-head Varicam (Elscint, Israel) gamma camera. (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC detected somatostatin receptor-positive lesions in 20 patients with MTC, whereas (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin displayed gastrin receptors in 11 patients. In 9 cases, the scans were positive in both methods, although in 2 cases different pathologic foci were visualized. In 12 cases, only (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy was positive, whereas in 3 other cases only (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-(D)Glu-octagastrin revealed pathologic lesions. Scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC permits the visualization

  18. Structural characterization of a bridged 99Tc-Sn-dimethylglyoxime complex: implications for the chemistry of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals prepared by the Sn (II) reduction of pertechnetate.

    PubMed Central

    Deutsch, E; Elder, R C; Lange, B A; Vaal, M J; Lay, D G

    1976-01-01

    Reduction of pertechnetate by tin(II) in the presence of dimethylglyoxime is shown, by single crystal x-ray analysis, to yield a technetium-tin-dimethylglyoxime complex in which tin and technetium are intimately connected by a triple bridging arrangement. One bridge consists of a single oxygen atom and it is hypothesized that this bridge arises from the inner sphere reduction of technetium by tin(II), the electrons being transferred through a technetium "yl" oxygen which eventually becomes the bridging atom. Two additional bridges arise from two dimethylglyoxime ligands that function as bidentate nitrogen donors towards Tc and monodentate oxygen donors towards Sn. The tin atom can thus be viewed as providing a three-pronged "cap" on one end of the Tc-dimethylglyoxime complex. The additional coordination sites around Tc are occupied by the two nitrogens of a third dimethylglyoxime ligand, making the Tc seven-coordinate. The additional coordination sites around Sn are occupied by three chloride anions, giving the Sn a fac octahedral coordination environment. From indirect evidence the oxidation states of tin and technetium are tentatively assigned to be IV and V, respectively. Since most 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals are synthesized by the tin(II) reduction of pertechnetate, it is likely that the Sn-O-Tc linkage described in this work is an important feature of the chemistry of these species. This linkage also provides a ready rationale for the close association of tin and technetium observed in many 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals. PMID:1069984

  19. Poor accumulation of technetium-99m glucoheptonate in sarcoidosis and other diffuse infiltrative lung diseases as compared with gallium-67 citrate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vorne, M.; Sahlstroem, K.A.; Alanko, K.

    1988-02-01

    Forty-two patients with diffuse infiltrative lung diseases were imaged with Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m glucoheptonate (GH). Twenty patients had sarcoidosis, six had fibrosis, six had tuberculosis, nine had lung infiltration, and one had pleural empyema. The main difference between Ga-67 and Tc-99m GH was the much greater uptake of Ga-67 in sarcoidosis than that of Tc-99m GH. Fifteen patients with sarcoidosis had positive Ga-67 scans but only six had positive Tc-99m GH scans. The results in other diffuse infiltrative lung diseases were almost equal with Ga-67 and Tc-99m GH. Although Tc-99m GH is less expensive and simpler to use, itmore » is not an adequate substitute for Ga-67 in diffuse infiltrative lung diseases.« less

  20. Development of Tyrosine-Based Radiotracer 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine for Breast Cancer Imaging

    PubMed Central

    Kong, Fan-Lin; Ali, Mohammad S.; Rollo, Alex; Smith, Daniel L.; Zhang, Yinhan; Yu, Dong-Fang; Yang, David J.

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient way to synthesize 99mTc-O-[3-(1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclohexadecane)-propyl]-tyrosine (99mTc-N4-Tyrosine), a novel amino acid-based radiotracer, and evaluate its potential in breast cancer gamma imaging. Precursor N4-Tyrosine was synthesized using a 5-step procedure, and its total synthesis yield was 38%. It was successfully labeled with 99mTc with high radiochemical purity (>95%). Cellular uptake of 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine was much higher than that of 99mTc-N4 and the clinical gold standard 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG) in rat breast tumor cells in vitro. Tissue uptake and dosimetry estimation in normal rats revealed that 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine could be safely administered to humans. Evaluation in breast tumor-bearing rats showed that although 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine appeared to be inferior to 18F-FDG in distinguishing breast tumor tissue from chemical-induced inflammatory tissue, it had high tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios and could detect breast tumors clearly by planar scintigraphic imaging. 99mTc-N4-Tyrosine could thus be a useful radiotracer for use in breast tumor diagnostic imaging. PMID:22496612

  1. Breast-specific gamma camera imaging with 99mTc-MIBI has better diagnostic performance than magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer patients: A meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Aimi; Li, Panli; Liu, Qiufang; Song, Shaoli

    2017-01-01

    This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of breast-specific gamma camera imaging (BSGI) with technetium-99m-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile ( 99m Tc-MIBI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with breast cancer through a meta-analysis. Three reviewers searched articles published in medical journals before June 2016 in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Springer Databases; the references listed in original articles were also retrieved. We used the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) tool to assess the quality of the included studies. Heterogeneity, pooled sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were calculated by Meta-DiSc software to estimate the diagnostic performance of BSGI and MRI. Ten studies with 517 patients were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. We did a subgroup analysis of the same data type. The pooled sensitivities of BSGI and MRI were: 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92) respectively, and the pooled specificities of BSGI and MRI were: 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74-0.88) and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.30-0.49) respectively. The areas under the SROC curve of BSGI and MRI were 0.93 and 0.72 respectively. The results of our meta-analysis indicated that compared with MRI, BSGI has similar sensitivity, higher specificity, better diagnostic performance, and can be widely used in clinical practice.

  2. Radioactive excretion in human milk following administration of /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated albumin

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pittard, W.B.; Merkatz, R.; Fletcher, B.D.

    Albumin-tagged sodium pertechnetate (technetium) is routinely used in nuclear medicine for scanning procedures of the lung. The rate of excretion of this radionuclide into breast milk and the resultant potential radiation hazard to the nursing infant have received little attention. Therefore the milk from a nursing mother who required a lung scan because of suspected pulmonary emboli using an intravenous injection of 4 mCi of /sup 99m/Tc macroaggregated human serum albumin was monitored. Albumin tagging severely limited the entrance of technetium into her milk and the radioactivity of the milk returned to base line by 24 hours. A total ofmore » 2.02 muCi of technetium was measured in the 24-hour milk collection after technetium injection and 94% of this amount was excreted by 15.5 hours. This amount of technetium administered orally to a newborn would deliver a total body radiation dose of .3 mrad. Therefore, an infant would receive trivial doses of radiation if breast-feeding were resumed 15.5 hours after administration of the radionuclide to the mother and nursing can clearly be resumed safely 24 hours after injection.« less

  3. Radioaerosol lung imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparison with pulmonary function tests and roentgenography. [/sup 113m/In, /sup 99m/Tc, /sup 133/Xe tracer techniques

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ramanna, L.; Tashkin, D.P.; Taplin, G.V.

    1975-11-01

    Seventy subjects with either no, mild, or definite evidence of pulmonary abnormality on screening studies volunteered to have detailed pulmonary function tests (PFTs), respiratory questionnaires, physical examinations, and /sup 113m/indium aerosol-inhalation lung imaging performed. Also, 22 and 52 of these subjects underwent /sup 133/xenon ventilation and lung perfusion imaging with /sup 99m/technetium-labelled macroaggregated albumin, and 56 had chest x-ray examinations performed. Results of the radionuclide lung-imaging procedures were compared with those of conventional PFTs and other clinical diagnostic procedures used to identify chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Abnormal radioaerosol patterns were found in 32 of 33 subjects with abnormal findingsmore » on PFTs, whereas results of PFTs were abnormal in only 32 of 46 subjects with abnormal aerosol deposition. Aerosol lung images were abnormal more frequently than respiratory questionnaire responses, findings on physical examination, chest x-ray films, and perfusion lung images and with approximately the same frequency as /sup 133/xenon ventilation scintiscans. These results suggest that radioaerosol lung imaging may be a more sensitive indicator of early COPD than other diagnostic procedures, including maximal midexpiratory flow rates, single-breath nitrogen washout, and closing volume. Further studies are required to determine the physiologic and pathologic significance of isolated aerosol lung-imaging abnormalities.« less

  4. Detection of occult pericardial hemorrhage early after open-heart surgery using technetium-99m red blood cell radionuclide ventriculography

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bateman, T.M.; Czer, L.S.; Gray, R.J.

    1984-11-01

    Pericardial or mediastinal hemorrhage requiring reoperation occurs in 2% to 5% of patients, usually early (0 to 48 hours), after open-heart surgery. This hemorrhage may be occult, and resulting cardiac tamponade may easily be misinterpreted as ventricular dysfunction, common early postoperatively. In such cases, appropriate and timely intervention may not occur. Of 50 patients evaluated by technetium-99m red blood cell gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) because of early postoperative cardiogenic shock of uncertain etiology, 17 had unique scintigraphic images suggestive of intrathoracic hemorrhage. Of these 17, 5 had a generalized halo of abnormal radioactivity surrounding small hyperdynamic right and leftmore » ventricles, 11 had localized regions of intense blood pool activity outside the cardiac chambers (two with compression of single chambers), and one demonstrated marked radionuclide activity in the right hemithorax (2000 ml of blood at reoperation). Twelve patients had exploratory reoperation for control of hemorrhage as a direct result of the scintigraphic findings, three were successfully treated with fresh frozen plasma and platelet infusions along with medical interventions to optimize cardiac performance, and two patients died in cardiogenic shock (presumed tamponade) without reoperation. In the 12 reoperated patients, all were confirmed to have active pericardial bleeding. Scintigraphic localization of abnormal blood pools within the pericardium corresponded to the sites at which active bleeding was witnessed at reoperation. The abnormal bleeding was etiologically related to the tamponade state, with marked improvement in hemodynamics after reoperation. Nine additional patients were reoperated for presumed tamponade after RNV revealed an exaggerated halo of photon deficiency surrounding the cardiac chambers.« less

  5. Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (Tc-NGA) liver imaging: Application in liver transplantation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Woodle, E.S.; Ward, R.E.; Vera, D.R.

    1985-05-01

    Tc-NGA is a new liver imaging agent which binds to hepatic binding protein (HBP), a hepatocyte-specific membrane receptor. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential role of Tc-NGA imaging in liver transplantation. The molar Tc-NGA dose was standardized according to patient weight (0.7 nmole/kg). After a 30 minute dynamic imaging study (5 mCi, IV), kinetic analysis of time activity data (heart, liver), provided values for receptor concentration, (HBP), and hepatic blood flow, Q. Eleven Tc-NGA imaging studies were performed in transplant candidates and 22 studies were performed in seven transplant recipients. Preservation damage was manifested bymore » diffuse patchiness in tracer distribution which resolved during the following two weeks. Histologically proven, localized hepatic infarcts were demonstrated in three recipients. Lobar infarction was demonstrated in one recipient. Hepatic regeneration was later demonstrated in this patient after hepatic lobectomy. Hepatic blood flow was markedly decreased in the early postoperative period, but improved with time. Increased (HBP) was demonstrated with regeneration. Markedly decreased (HBP) and Q were obtained in several candidates who died awaiting transplantation. These studies indicate that TC-NGA liver imaging provides a valuable new means for: (1) evaluation of preservation damage, (2) early demonstration of hepatic infarction, (3) evaluation of hepatic rejection, and (4) selection of patients for hepatic transplantation.« less

  6. The study of interaction of modified fatty acid with {sup 99m}Tc in alcoholic media

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Skuridin, V. S.; Stasyuk, E. S.; Varlamova, N. V.

    2016-08-02

    The paper presents the results of laboratory research aimed at the development of methods of synthesis of new radiodiagnostic agents based on modified fatty acid labelled with technetium-99m intended for scintigraphic evaluation of myocardial metabolism. In particular, the interaction of substance with {sup 99m}Tc in alcoholic media and the use of ethanol as solvent in the synthesis of the radiopharmaceutical were studied.

  7. Synthesis and evaluation of novel Tc-99m labeled NGR-containing hexapeptides as tumor imaging agents.

    PubMed

    Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

    2015-02-01

    Asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR)-containing peptides targeting aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 can be an excellent candidate for targeting ligands in molecular tumor imaging. In this study, we developed two NGR-containing hexapeptides, and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m labeled hexapeptides as molecular imaging agents in an HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing murine model. Peptides were synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiochemical purity of Tc-99m was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. The uptake of two NGR-containing hexapeptides within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice, gamma images were acquired. A biodistribution study was performed to calculate percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g). Two hexapeptides, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-NGR and NGR-ECG were successfully synthesized. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, the complexes Tc-99m hexapeptides were prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-NGR within the tumor cells had been assured by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-NGR was accumulated substantially in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor. However, Tc-99m NGR-ECG was accumulated minimally in the tumor. Two NGR-containing hexapeptides, ECG-NGR and NGR-ECG were developed as molecular imaging agents to target APN/CD13 in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma. Tc-99m ECG-NGR showed a significant uptake in the tumor, and it is a good candidate for tumor imaging. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  8. Technetium-99m colloidal bismuth subcitrate: A novel method for the evaluation of peptic ulcer disease

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vasquez, T.E.; Lyons, K.P.; Raiszadeh, M.

    1984-01-01

    The therapeutic agent colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) selectively binds to peptic ulcers. The authors have developed a method for labeling this agent with Tc-99m. Chromatographic quality control studies of the agent on silica gel coated strips (ITLC-SG) showed that more than 97% of Tc-99m was bound to CBS. During in-vitro stability testing, the radio-label was stable for a minimum of 6 hours. The chromatographic findings are in agreement with the in-vivo distribution of the agent which showed no significant radioactivity in thyroid, kidneys, liver, or bladder. The resulting Tc-99m-CBS solution is administered orally in drinking water. Preliminary animal studies havemore » been conducted on 5 adult 3 kg New Zealand rabbits sedated with 50 mg Ketamine I.M. The rabbits were intubated with I.V. tubing advanced to the stomach. They were given a gastric erosive suspension of 600-1000 mg/kg of pulverized ASA in 10 cc tap water. Four hours later they were given 3-4 mCi of the radiotracer in a 5 cc volume of water. Serial in-vivo images were obtained for 2 hours which included thyroid, abdomen, and urinary bladder. Next the stomachs were excised, opened along the greater curvature, imaged, vigorously washed and reimaged. All 5 rabbits showed avid localized binding of radiotracer which remained fixed even with vigorous washing. Areas of normal appearing mucosa were relatively devoid of radiotracer. This new compound may have significant clinical usefulness in the detection of peptic ulcer disease. In addition, such a non-invasive technique, carrying none of the risks or discomfort of endoscopy could also find application in the evaluation of the response to therapy.« less

  9. The diagnostic accuracy of neck ultrasound, 4D-Computed tomographyand sestamibi imaging in parathyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Christakis, Ioannis; Vu, Thinh; Chuang, Hubert H; Fellman, Bryan; Figueroa, Angelica M Silva; Williams, Michelle D; Busaidy, Naifa L; Perrier, Nancy D

    2017-10-01

    Our aim was to investigate the accuracy of available imaging modalities for parathyroid carcinoma (PC) in our institution and to identify which imaging modality, or combination thereof, is optimal in preoperative determination of precise tumor location. All operated PC patients in our institution between 2000 and 2015 that had at least one of the following in-house preoperative scans: neck ultrasonography (US), neck 4D-Computed Tomography (4DCT) and 99mTc Sestamibi SPECT/CT (MIBI). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PC tumor localization were assessed individually and in combination. 20 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were analysed. There were 18 US, 18 CT and 9 MIBI scans. The sensitivity and accuracy for tumor localisation of US was 80% (CI 56-94%) and 73% respectively, of 4DCT was 79% (CI 58-93%) and 82%, and of MIBI was 81% (CI 54-96%) and 78%. The sensitivity and accuracy of the combination of CT and MIBI was 94% (CI 73-100%) and 95% and for the combination of US, CT and MIBI was 100% (CI 72-100%) and 100% respectively. The wash-out of the PC lesions, expressed as a percentage change in Hounsfield Units from the arterial phase to early delayed phase was -9.29% and to the late delayed phase was -16.88% (n=11). The sensitivity of solitary preoperative imaging of PC patients, whether by US, CT or MIBI, is approximately 80%. Combinations of CT with MIBI and US increase the sensitivity to 95% or better. Combined preoperative imaging of patients with clinical possibility of PC is therefore recommended. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Radiolabeling of VEGF165 with 99mTc to evaluate VEGFR expression in tumor angiogenesis.

    PubMed

    Galli, Filippo; Artico, Marco; Taurone, Samanta; Manni, Isabella; Bianchi, Enrica; Piaggio, Giulia; Weintraub, Bruce D; Szkudlinski, Mariusz W; Agostinelli, Enzo; Dierckx, Rudi A J O; Signore, Alberto

    2017-06-01

    Angiogenesis is the main process responsible for tumor growth and metastatization. The principal effector of such mechanism is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by cancer cells and other components of tumor microenvironment. Radiolabeled VEGF analogues may provide a useful tool to noninvasively image tumor lesions and evaluate the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs that block the VEGFR pathway. Aim of the present study was to radiolabel the human VEGF165 analogue with 99mTechnetium (99mTc) and to evaluate the expression of VEGFR in both cancer and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. 99mTc-VEGF showed in vitro binding to HUVEC cells and in vivo to xenograft tumors in mice (ARO, K1 and HT29). By comparing in vivo data with immunohistochemical analysis of excised tumors we found an inverse correlation between 99mTc-VEGF165 uptake and VEGF histologically detected, but a positive correlation with VEGF receptor expression (VEGFR1). Results of our studies indicate that endogenous VEGF production by cancer cells and other cells of tumor microenvironment should be taken in consideration when performing scintigraphy with radiolabeled VEGF, because of possible false negative results due to saturation of VEGFRs.

  11. Comparison of early myocardial technetium-99m pyrophosphate uptake to early peaking of creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB as indicators of early reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kondo, M.; Yuzuki, Y.; Arai, H.

    1987-10-01

    The value of technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc-99m-PYP) scintigraphy as an indicator of reperfusion 2.8 to 8 hours after the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction was compared with the value of early peak creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB release within 16 hours after the onset of symptoms. In 29 patients who received thrombolytic therapy, recanalization was seen (group 1) and in 7 it was not (group 2). In 23 patients (79%) in group 1 scintigraphic findings were positive and in all 7 in group 2 they were negative. In 15 patients (52%) in group 1 and 1 patient (14%) inmore » group 2, CK reached its peak level within 16 hours. In 20 patients (69%) in group 1 and 3 (43%) in group 2 the CK-MB level reached a peak within 16 hours. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy of positive results of early Tc-99m-PYP scintigraphy in predicting the reperfusion were 79%, 100% and 83%. These values are significantly higher than or similar to those of early peaking of CK and CK-MB release. In contrast to measurements of enzyme release, reperfusion data for Tc-99m-PYP scintigraphy are available immediately after thrombolytic therapy. Therefore, early Tc-99m-PYP scintigraphy (3 to 8 hours after onset of symptoms) is valuable as a noninvasive technique for early diagnosis of reperfusion.« less

  12. Imaging Thromboembolism with Fibrin-Avid 99mTc-Peptide: Evaluation in Swine

    PubMed Central

    Aruva, Mohan R.; Daviau, Judy; Sharma, Shubh S.; Thakur, Mathew L.

    2006-01-01

    A pentapeptide, Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Pro, with high affinity for α-chain-fibrin was labeled with 99mTc (99mTc-TP850) and evaluated in swine to image experimental venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis [DVT]) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods Scatchard analysis was performed to determine fibrin affinity for TP850 and the number of binding sites (receptors) per milligram of fibrin. DVT was induced in the left jugular vein and PE was induced by introducing a preformed autologous blood clot into the right atrium using a 7-French introducer sheath inserted into the right jugular vein. 99mTc-TP850 was injected at 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, or 120 h later. Animals were imaged for up to 4 h after injection, heparinized, and sacrificed. Lungs were extirpated, radiographed, and imaged, and the PE was removed. Other tissues, including blood and normal lungs, were harvested and, concomitantly, 99mTc was counted for determination of target-to-tissue ratios and the percentage injected dose per gram of tissue. Results The affinity for human fibrin was 10−9 mol/L and there were >1015 receptors per milligram of fibrin. DVT and PE were visualized for up to 4 h after injection with high DVT/blood (7.9–22.6), DVT/muscle (31.1–89.4), PE/blood (1–155), and PE/lung (0.8–245) ratios. Thereafter, the PEs fragmented spontaneously below the spatial resolution of the γ-camera and, despite the high associated radioactivity, could not be localized in vivo. The fragmented clots were detectable by scintigraphy on excised lungs and provided excellent concordance with radiograms. Conclusion 99mTc-TP850 with its modest affinity (10−9 mol/L), rapid blood clearance, and high DVT and PE uptake is a promising agent for imaging vascular thrombosis. PMID:16391200

  13. Synthesis and Evaluation of Technetium-99m- and Rhenium-Labeled Inhibitors of the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)

    PubMed Central

    Banerjee, Sangeeta R.; Foss, Catherine A.; Castanares, Mark; Mease, Ronnie C.; Byun, Youngjoo; Fox, James J.; Hilton, John; Lupold, Shawn E.; Kozikowski, Alan P.; Pomper, Martin G.

    2012-01-01

    The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as a viable target for imaging and therapy of cancer. We prepared seven 99mTc/Re-labeled compounds by attaching known Tc/Re chelating agents to an amino-functionalized PSMA inhibitor (lys-NHCONH-glu) with or without a variable length linker moiety. Ki values ranged from 0.17 to 199 nM. Ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo imaging demonstrated the degree of specific binding to engineered PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumors. PC3-PIP cells are derived from PC3 that have been transduced with the gene for PSMA. Despite demonstrating nearly the lowest PSMA inhibitory potency of this series, [99mTc(CO)3(L1)]+ (L1 = (2-pyridylmethyl)2N(CH2)4CH(CO2H)-NHCO-(CH2)6CO-NH-lys-NHCONH-glu) showed the highest, most selective PIP tumor uptake, at 7.9 ± 4.0% injected dose per gram of tissue at 30 min postinjection. Radioactivity cleared from nontarget tissues to produce a PIP to flu (PSMA-PC3) ratio of 44:1 at 120 min postinjection. PSMA can accommodate the steric requirements of 99mTc/Re complexes within PSMA inhibitors, the best results achieved with a linker moiety between the ε amine of the urea lysine and the chelator. PMID:18637669

  14. Targeting hypoxia in tumors using 2-nitroimidazoles with peptidic chelators for technetium-99m: effect of lipophilicity.

    PubMed

    Zhang, X; Su, Z F; Ballinger, J R; Rauth, A M; Pollak, A; Thornback, J R

    2000-01-01

    Tumor hypoxia is an important prognostic factor for response to therapy. Radiolabeled 2-nitroimidazoles have been used for imaging hypoxia, and the octanol/water partition coefficient (P) of these compounds appears to play a crucial role in their suitability for imaging. A series of 11 2-nitroimidazoles coupled to peptidic chelators for (99m)Tc with divergent P was developed and evaluated in an in vitro system. Two classes of N(3)S chelators were used: dialkyl-Gly-Ser-Cys-linker-2-nitroimidazole (Class I) and dialkyl-Gly-Lys(2-nitroimidazole)-Cys (Class II). The chelators were prepared by automated solid-phase peptide synthesis. Xanthine oxidase was able to reduce the 2-nitroimidiazole moiety on the ligands, but the rate of reduction varied 5-fold among the different chelators. The chelators were labeled by transchelation from [(99m)Tc]gluconate at temperatures between 22 and 100 degrees C. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by HPLC and their P values determined. The accumulation of each complex in suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells incubated under aerobic or extremely hypoxic conditions was determined. Radiochemical yields ranged from 5 to 80% for the 11 compounds. HPLC showed that some of the compounds formed two complexes with (99m)Tc, possibly syn and anti conformations with respect to the Tc=O bond. In general, the Class I chelators labeled more readily than the class II chelators. The P values of the (99m)Tc complexes varied from 0.0002 to 5 and were generally in accordance with predictions based on structure. There were also differences in P as a function of pH; the free acids had a lower P at pH 7.4 than at pH 2.0 due to ionization, whereas the amides did not show this effect. Accumulation levels in aerobic cells were related to P but varied over a narrow range. Four of the 11 compounds showed selective accumulation in hypoxic cells. The peptidic class of 2-nitroimidazoles, with flexible design and convenient solid-phase synthesis, deserves

  15. The lymphoscintigraphic manifestation of (99m)Tc-dextran lymphatic imaging in primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.

    PubMed

    Wen, Zhe; Tong, Guansheng; Liu, Yong; Meeks, Jacqui K; Ma, Daqing; Yang, Jigang

    2014-05-01

    The aim of this study was to analyze the imaging characteristics of (99m)Tc-dextran ((99m)Tc-DX) lymphatic imaging in the diagnosis of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL). Forty-one PIL patients were diagnosed as having PIL with the diagnosis being subsequently confirmed by laparotomy, endoscopy, biopsy, or capsule colonoscopy. Nineteen patients were male and 22 were female. A whole-body (99m)Tc-DX scan was performed at 10 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h intervals after injection. The 10 min and 1 h postinjection intervals were considered the early phase, the 3 h postinjection interval was considered the middle phase, and the 6 h postinjection interval was considered the delayed phase. The imaging characteristics of (99m)Tc-DX lymphatic imaging in PIL were of five different types: (i) presence of dynamic radioactivity in the intestine, associated with radioactivity moving from the small intestine to the ascending and transverse colon; (ii) presence of delayed dynamic radioactivity in the intestine, no radioactivity or little radioactivity distributing in the intestine in the early phase, or significant radioactivity distributing in the intestine in the delayed phase; (iii) radioactivity distributing in the intestine and abdominal cavity; (iv) radioactivity distributing only in the abdominal cavity with no radioactivity in the intestines; and (v) no radioactivity distributing in the intestine and abdominal activity. (99m)Tc-DX lymphatic imaging in PIL showed different imaging characteristics. Caution should be exercised in the diagnosis of PIL using lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphoscintigraphy is a safe and accurate examination method and is a significant diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of PIL.

  16. Differential Lung Uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-Duramycin in the Chronic Hyperoxia Rat Model

    PubMed Central

    Clough, Anne V.; Audi, Said H.; Haworth, Steven T.; Roerig, David L.

    2015-01-01

    Noninvasive radionuclide imaging has the potential to identify and assess mechanisms involved in particular stages of lung injury which occur with acute respiratory distress syndrome, for example. Lung uptake of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is reported to be partially dependent on the redox status of the lung tissue while 99mTc-duramycin, a new marker of cell injury, senses cell death via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Thus, we investigated changes in lung uptake of these agents in rat exposed to hyperoxia for prolonged periods, a common model of acute lung injury. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-exposed to either normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2) for up to 21 days. For imaging, the rats were anesthetized, injected i.v. with either 99mTc-HMPAO or 99mTc-duramycin (37-74 MBq) and planar images were acquired using a high sensitivity modular gamma camera. Subsequently, 99mTc-macroagreggated albumin (37 MBq, diam=10-40 μm) was injected i.v., imaged, and used to define a lung region-of-interest. The lung to background ratio was used as a measure of lung uptake. Results Hyperoxia exposure resulted in a 74% increase in 99mTc-HMPAO lung uptake, which peaked at 7 days and persisted for the 21 days of exposure. 99mTc-duramycin lung uptake was also maximal at 7 days of exposure but decreased to near control levels by 21 days. The sustained elevation of 99mTc-HMPAO uptake suggests ongoing changes in lung redox status whereas cell death appears to have subsided by 21 days. Conclusion These results suggest the potential use of 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-duramycin as redox and cell-death imaging biomarkers, respectively, for in vivo identification and assessment of different stages of lung injury. PMID:23086010

  17. Evaluation of 99mTc labeled diadenosine tetraphosphate as an atherosclerotic plaque imaging agent in experimental models.

    PubMed

    Cao, Wei; Zhang, Yongxue; An, Rui

    2006-01-01

    The potential of 99mTc labeled P1, P4-di (adenosine-5')-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) for imaging experimental atherosclerotic plaques was evaluated in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. To label the 99mTc to Ap4A, stannous tartrate solution was used. 99mTc-Ap4A was purified on a Sephadex G-25 column. The radiochemistry purities of 99mTc-Ap4A were 85% to 91%. Biodistribution study revealed 99mTc-Ap4A cleared from blood rapidly. Thirty min after 99mTc-Ap4A administrated on NZW atherosclerotic rabbits, lesion to blood (target/blood, T/B) ratio was 3.17 +/- 1.27, and lesions to normal (target/non-target, T/NT) ratio was 5.23 +/- 1.87. Shadows of atherosclerotic plaques were clearly visible on radioautographic film. Aortas with atherosclerotic plaques also could be seen on ex vivo gamma camera images. Atherosclerotic abdominal aortas were clearly visible on in vivo images 15 min to 3 h after 99mTc-Ap4A administration. 99mTc-labeled Ap4A can be used for rapid noninvasive detection of experimental atherosclerotic plaque.

  18. Bone marrow uptake of 99mTc-MIBI in patients with multiple myeloma.

    PubMed

    Fonti, R; Del Vecchio, S; Zannetti, A; De Renzo, A; Di Gennaro, F; Catalano, L; Califano, C; Pace, L; Rotoli, B; Salvatore, M

    2001-02-01

    In a previous study, we showed the ability of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scan to identify active disease in patients with multiple myeloma (Eur J Nucl Med 1998; 25: 714-720). In particular, a semiquantitative score of the extension and intensity of bone marrow uptake was derived and correlated with both the clinical status of the disease and plasma cell bone marrow infiltration. In order to estimate quantitatively 99mTc-MIBI bone marrow uptake and to verify the intracellular localization of the tracer, bone marrow samples obtained from 24 multiple myeloma patients, three patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and two healthy donors were studied for in vitro uptake. After centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque gradient, cell suspensions were incubated with 99mTc-MIBI and the uptake was expressed as the percentage of radioactivity specifically retained within the cells. The cellular localization of the tracer was assessed by micro-autoradiography. Twenty-two out of 27 patients underwent 99mTc-MIBI scan within a week of bone marrow sampling. Whole-body images were obtained 10 min after intravenous injection of 555 MBq of the tracer; the extension and intensity of 99mTc-MIBI uptake were graded using the semiquantitative score. A statistically significant correlation was found between in vitro uptake of 99mTc-MIBI and both plasma cell infiltration (Pearson's coefficient of correlation r=0.69, P<0.0001) and in vivo score (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r=0.60, P<0.01). No specific tracer uptake was found in bone marrow samples obtained from the two healthy donors. Micro-autoradiography showed localization of 99mTc-MIBI inside the plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow. Therefore, our findings show that the degree of tracer uptake both in vitro and in vivo is related to the percentage of infiltrating plasma cells which accumulate the tracer in their inner compartments.

  19. Solar neutrino production of technetium-97 and technetium-98.

    PubMed

    Cowan, G A; Haxton, W C

    1982-04-02

    It may be possible to determine the boron-8 solar neutrino flux, averaged over the past several million years, from the concentration of technetium-98 in molybdenite. The mass spectrometry of this system is greatly simplified by the absence of stable technetium isotopes, and the presence of the fission product technetium-99 provides a monitor of uiranium-induced backgrounds. This geochemical experiment could provide the first test of nonstandard solar models that suggest a relation between the chlorine-37 solar neutrino puzzle and the recent ice age.

  20. Technetium-99m-HMPAO labeled leukocyte single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) for assessing Crohn's disease extent and intestinal infiltration.

    PubMed

    Biancone, L; Schillaci, O; Capoccetti, F; Bozzi, R M; Fina, D; Petruzziello, C; Geremia, A; Simonetti, G; Pallone, F

    2005-02-01

    Scintigraphy using radiolabeled leukocytes is a useful technique for assessing intestinal infiltration in Crohn's disease (CD). However, limits of planar images include overlapping activity in other organs and low specificity. To investigate the usefulness of (99m)Tc-HMPAO (hexametyl propylene amine oxime) labeled leukocyte single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) for assessing CD lesions, in comparison with planar images. Twenty-two inflammatory bowel disease patients (19 CD; 2 ulcerative colitis, UC; 1 ileal pouch) assessed by conventional endoscopy or radiology were enrolled. Leukocytes were labeled with (99m)Tc-HMPAO. SPECT images were acquired at 2 h and planar images at 30 min and 2 h. Bowel uptake was quantitated in nine regions (score 0-3). Both SPECT and planar images detected a negative scintigraphy (score 0) in the UC patient with no pouchitis and a positive scintigraphy (score 1-3) in the 21 patients showing active inflammation by conventional techniques. SPECT showed a higher global score than planar images (0.71 +/- 0.09 vs 0.30 +/- 0.05; p < 0.001), and in particular in the right iliac fossa (p= 0.003), right and left flank (p < 0.001; p= 0.02), hypogastrium (p= 0.002), and mesogastrium (p < 0.001). SPECT provided a better visualization and a higher uptake than planar images in patients with ileal and ileocolonic CD (6.45 +/- 0.82 vs 2.8 +/- 0.55, p < 0.001; 5.5 +/- 1.6 vs 2.6 +/- 0.7, p= 0.03), and with perianal CD (6.6 +/- 1.6 vs 3.4 +/- 1.2; p= 0.03). (99m)Tc-HMPAO labeled leukocyte SPECT provides a more detailed visualization of CD lesions than planar images. This technique may better discriminate between intestinal and bone marrow uptake, thus being useful for assessing CD lesions within the pelvis, including perianal disease.

  1. 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy is superior to 131I-MIBG imaging in the evaluation of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma.

    PubMed

    Chen, Libo; Li, Fang; Zhuang, Hongming; Jing, Hongli; Du, Yanrong; Zeng, Zhengpei

    2009-03-01

    In this investigation, the efficacy of scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-labeled hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr3-octreotide (HYNIC-TOC) in the evaluation of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma was assessed and compared with (131)I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging. Ninety-seven patients who were suspected of having pheochromocytoma but showed no definite adrenal abnormalities on CT were evaluated by both (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and (131)I-MIBG imaging. The results were compared with pathology findings or clinical follow-up. Of 58 patients proven to be without pheochromocytoma, (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC and (131)I-MIBG imaging excluded 56 and 58 patients, respectively, rendering a specificity of 96.6% for (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC imaging and 100% for (131)I-MIBG imaging. In the evaluation of adrenal pheochromocytoma (14 patients), the sensitivity of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and (131)I-MIBG imaging was 50% and 85.7%, respectively. However, in the evaluation of extraadrenal pheochromocytomas (25 patients), the sensitivity of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy and (131)I-MIBG imaging was 96.0% and 72.0%, respectively. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy is more sensitive than (131)I-MIBG imaging in the detection of extraadrenal pheochromocytomas.

  2. Imaging human melanoma using a novel Tc-99m-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide.

    PubMed

    Liu, Liqin; Xu, Jingli; Yang, Jianquan; Feng, Changjian; Miao, Yubin

    2016-10-01

    In this study, the human melanoma targeting property of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex {hydrazinonicotinamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH2} was determined in M21 human melanoma-xenografts to demonstrate its potential for human melanoma imaging. The IC50 value of HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex was 0.48±0.01nM in M21 human melanoma cells (1281receptors/cell). The M21 human melanoma uptake of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex was 4.03±1.25, 3.26±1.23 and 3.36±1.48%ID/g at 0.5, 2 and 4h post-injection, respectively. Approximately 92% of injected dose cleared out the body via urinary system at 2h post-injection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex showed high tumor/blood, tumor/muscle and tumor/skin uptake ratios after 2h post-injection. The M21 human melanoma-xenografted tumor lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2h post-injection. Overall, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-AocNle-CycMSHhex exhibited favorable human melanoma imaging property, highlighting its potential as an imaging probe for human metastatic melanoma detection. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Estimation of Organ Absorbed Doses in Patients from 99mTc-diphosphonate Using the Data of MIRDose Software

    PubMed Central

    Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Daryoush; Cheki, Mohsen; Moslehi, Masoud

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to compare estimation of radiation absorbed doses to patients following bone scans with technetium-99m-labeled methylene diphosphonate (MDP) with the estimates given in MIRDose software. In this study, each patient was injected 25 mCi of 99mTc-MDP. Whole-body images from thirty patients were acquired by gamma camera at 10, 60, 90, 180 minutes after 99mTc-MDP injection. To determine the amount of activity in each organ, conjugate view method was applied on images. MIRD equation was then used to estimate absorbed doses in different organs of patients. At the end, absorbed dose values obtained in this study were compared with the data of MIRDose software. The absorbed doses per unit of injected activity (mGy/MBq × 10–4) for liver, kidneys, bladder wall and spleen were 3.86 ± 1.1, 38.73 ± 4.7, 4.16 ± 1.8 and 3.91 ± 1.3, respectively. The results of this study may be useful to estimate the amount of activity that can be administered to the patient and also showed that methods used in the study for absorbed dose calculation is in good agreement with the data of MIRDose software and it is possible to use by a clinician. PMID:23724374

  4. SPECT Imaging of Mice with 99mTc-Radiopharmaceuticals Obtained from 99Mo Produced by 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo and Fission of 235U

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hashimoto, Kazuyuki; Nagai, Yasuki; Kawabata, Masako; Sato, Nozomi; Hatsukawa, Yuichi; Saeki, Hideya; Motoishi, Shoji; Ohta, Masayuki; Konno, Chikara; Ochiai, Kentaro; Kawauchi, Yukimasa; Ohta, Akio; Shiina, Takayuki; Takeuchi, Nobuhiro; Ashino, Hiroki; Nakahara, Yuto

    2015-04-01

    The distribution of 99mTc-radiopharmaceutical in mouse was determined by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the first time using 99mTc, which was separated by thermochromatography from 99Mo produced via the 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo reaction with accelerator neutrons. The SPECT image was comparable to that obtained using the fission product 99Mo. Radionuclidic and radiochemical purities of the separated 99mTc and its aluminum concentration met the United States Pharmacopeia regulatory requirements for 99mTc from the fission product 99Mo. These results provide important evidence that the 99mTc-radiopharmaceutical formulated using the (n,2n) 99Mo can be a promising substitute for the fission product 99Mo. The current and forthcoming problem of ensuring a reliable and constant supply of 99Mo in Japan can be partially mitigated.

  5. Cortical perfusion response to an electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in profoundly deaf patients: study with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography.

    PubMed

    Le Scao, Y; Robier, A; Baulieu, J L; Beutter, P; Pourcelot, L

    1992-01-01

    Brain activation procedures associated with single photon emission tomography (SPET) have recently been developed in healthy controls and diseased patients in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the effects of a promontory test (PT) on the cerebral distribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) in 7 profoundly deaf patients, 6 PT+ and one PT-. The count variation in the temporal lobe was calculated on 6 coronal slices using the ratio (Rstimulation-Rdeprivation)/Rdeprivation where R = counts in the temporal lobe/whole-brain count. A count increase in the temporal lobe was observed in all patients and was higher in all patients with PT+ than in the patient with PT-. The problems of head positioning and resolution of the system were taken into account, and we considered that the maximal count increment was related to the auditory cortex response to the stimulus. Further clinical investigations with high-resolution systems have to be performed in order to validate this presurgery test in cochlear implant assessment.

  6. Comparison of americium-241 and technetium-99m as transmission sources for attenuation correction of thallium-201 SPECT imaging of the heart.

    PubMed

    Ficaro, E P; Fessler, J A; Rogers, W L; Schwaiger, M

    1994-04-01

    This study compares the ability of 241Am and 99mTc to estimate 201Tl attenuation maps while minimizing the loss in the precision of the emission data. A triple-head SPECT system with either an 241Am or 99mTc line source opposite a fan-beam collimator was used to estimate attenuation maps of the thorax of an anthropomorphic phantom. Linear attenuation values at 75 keV for 201Tl were obtained by linear extrapolation of the measured values from 241Am and 99mTc. Lung and soft-tissue estimates from both isotopes showed excellent agreement to within 3% of the measured values for 201Tl. Linear extrapolation did not yield satisfactory estimates for bone from either 241Am (+11.7%) or 99mTc (-15.3%). Patient data were used to estimate the dependence of crosstalk on patient size. Contamination from 201Tl in the transmission window was 5-6 times greater for 241Am compared to 99mTc, while the contamination in the 201Tl data in the transmission-emission detector head (head 1) was 4-5 times greater for 99mTc compared to 241Am. No contamination was detected in the 201Tl emission data of heads 2 and 3 from 241Am, whereas the 99mTc produced a small crosstalk component giving a signal-to-crosstalk ratio near 20:1. Measurements with a fillable chest phantom estimated the mean error introduced into the data from the removal of the crosstalk. Based on the measured data, 241Am is a suitable transmission source for simultaneous transmission-emission tomography for 201Tl cardiac studies.

  7. New method for the selective labeling of erythrocytes in whole blood with Tc-99m

    DOEpatents

    Srivastava, S.C.; Babich, J.W.; Straub, R.; Richards, P.

    1984-01-27

    Method and kit are described for the preparation of /sup 99m/Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for the reduction of technetium.

  8. [Gastrointestinal bleeding from capillary hemangioma of the ileum detected by 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy].

    PubMed

    Asano, Y; Ishii, K; Sagiuchi, T; Aoki, Y; Yanaihara, H; Hayakawa, K

    2001-05-01

    It has been well-known that technetium-99m-human serum albumin-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (99mTc-HSAD) scintigraphy is useful for diagnosis of the localization of the gastrointestinal arterial or venous bleeding. In this report, we describe a case of venous bleeding from capillary hemangioma of the ileum end detected by 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy. This patient was a 9-year-old girl with severe anemia. Gastrointestinal bleeding was suspected from her clinical course and laboratory tests. Immediately after melena occurred, 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy showed the extravasation of RI suggesting gastrointestinal bleeding in the ileum end. Abdominal angiography immediately after 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy, however, could not show the extravasation of contrast agent. Because the condition of the patient became worse, laparotomy was performed on the basis of 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy findings. At surgery, venous bleeding from capillary hemangioma in the ileum end was observed. It was suggested that 99mTc-HSAD scintigraphy was very useful for identifying the gastrointestinal venous bleeding.

  9. Effects of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 drug template on image quantitative analysis

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Bang-Hung; Chou, Yuan-Hwa; Wang, Shyh-Jen; Chen, Jyh-Cheng

    2018-01-01

    99mTc-TRODAT-1 is a type of drug that can bind to dopamine transporters in living organisms and is often used in SPCT imaging for observation of changes in the activity uptake of dopamine in the striatum. Therefore, it is currently widely used in studies on clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and movement-related disorders. In conventional 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT image evaluation, visual inspection or manual selection of ROI for semiquantitative analysis is mainly used to observe and evaluate the degree of striatal defects. However, these methods are dependent on the subjective opinions of observers, which lead to human errors, have shortcomings such as long duration, increased effort, and have low reproducibility. To solve this problem, this study aimed to establish an automatic semiquantitative analytical method for 99mTc-TRODAT-1. This method combines three drug templates (one built-in SPECT template in SPM software and two self-generated MRI-based and HMPAO-based TRODAT-1 templates) for the semiquantitative analysis of the striatal phantom and clinical images. At the same time, the results of automatic analysis of the three templates were compared with results from a conventional manual analysis for examining the feasibility of automatic analysis and the effects of drug templates on automatic semiquantitative analysis results. After comparison, it was found that the MRI-based TRODAT-1 template generated from MRI images is the most suitable template for 99mTc-TRODAT-1 automatic semiquantitative analysis. PMID:29543874

  10. Comparison of simultaneous and sequential SPECT imaging for discrimination tasks in assessment of cardiac defects.

    PubMed

    Trott, C M; Ouyang, J; El Fakhri, G

    2010-11-21

    Simultaneous rest perfusion/fatty-acid metabolism studies have the potential to replace sequential rest/stress perfusion studies for the assessment of cardiac function. Simultaneous acquisition has the benefits of increased signal and lack of need for patient stress, but is complicated by cross-talk between the two radionuclide signals. We consider a simultaneous rest (99m)Tc-sestamibi/(123)I-BMIPP imaging protocol in place of the commonly used sequential rest/stress (99m)Tc-sestamibi protocol. The theoretical precision with which the severity of a cardiac defect and the transmural extent of infarct can be measured is computed for simultaneous and sequential SPECT imaging, and their performance is compared for discriminating (1) degrees of defect severity and (2) sub-endocardial from transmural defects. We consider cardiac infarcts for which reduced perfusion and metabolism are observed. From an information perspective, simultaneous imaging is found to yield comparable or improved performance compared with sequential imaging for discriminating both severity of defect and transmural extent of infarct, for three defects of differing location and size.

  11. Evaluation of interobserver variability of parenchymal phase of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine and Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy

    PubMed Central

    Erdoğan, Zeynep; Abdülrezzak, Ümmühan; Silov, Güler; Özdal, Ayşegül; Turhal, Özgül

    2014-01-01

    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in the interpretation of parenchymal abnormalities and to assess the differences in interpretation of routine renal scintigraphic findings on posterior view of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (pvDMSA) scans and parenchymal phase of technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (ppMAG3) scans by using standard criterions to make standardization and semiquantitative evaluation and to have more accurately correlation. Materials and Methods: Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians independently interpreted pvDMSA scans of 204 and ppMAG3 scans of 102 pediatric patients, retrospectively. Comparisons were made by visual inspection of pvDMSA scans, and ppMAG3 scans by using a grading system modified from Itoh et al. According to this, anatomical damage of the renal parenchyma was classified into six types: Grade 0-V. In the calculation of the agreement rates, Kendall correlation (tau-b) analysis was used. Results: According to our findings, excellent agreement was found for DMSA grade readings (DMSA-GR) (tau-b = 0.827) and good agreement for MAG3 grade readings (MAG3-GR) (tau-b = 0.790) between two observers. Most of clear parenchymal lesions detected on pvDMSA scans and ppMAG3 scans identified by observers equally. Studies with negative or minimal lesions reduced correlation degrees for both DMSA-GR and MAG3-GR. Conclusion: Our grading system can be used for standardization of the reports. We conclude that standardization of criteria and terminology in the interpretations may result in higher interobserver consistency, also improve low interobserver reproducibility and objectivity of renal scintigraphy reports. PMID:24761059

  12. Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong; Wang, Guohui; Schweiger, Michael J.; Soderquist, Chuck Z.; Lukens, Wayne; Kruger, Albert A.

    2018-05-01

    Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO2•2H2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.

  13. Cold hematoma visualized by technetium-99m labeled red blood cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Beanblossom, M.

    1986-09-01

    A 64-yr-old male was admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain associated with vomiting. Upon examination, the patients Hgb was 7.8 with a WBC count of 13.3 band cells of 7 and a recticulocyte count of 3.4, no evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient's prior history revealed involvement in an automobile accident approx. 10 days prior to this admission. At that time, he suffered multiple contusions and abrasions with a fracture to his left clavicle. Apparently there were no episodes of abdominal pain or vomiting prior to the onset of illness perceived on the day of admission. A liver/spleenmore » scan was done. Four millicuries of /sup 99m/Tc-sulfur colloid were intravenously injected using a bolus injection technique while obtaining multiple dynamic images. The flow study was unremarkable, demonstrating no abnormalities to the great vessels and good perfusion to both organs. Static images of the liver and spleen revealed a straightening or flatness to the lateral border of the spleen with a small diminished area of tracer sulfur colloid localization at the posterolateral aspect of that organ. This finding raised the suspicion that a small subcapsular hematoma had developed at the mid-posterolateral aspect of the spleen. Twenty-four hours after hospital admission, 4 units of packed RBCs were transfused into the patient. Although there was at this time still no evidence of abnormal bleeding, it was felt that because of the strong symptomatic correlation for internal bleeding, a radionuclide bleeding site study should be ordered and immediately performed.« less

  14. Preparation and Evaluation of 99mTc-labeled Tridentate Chelates for Pre-targeting Using Bioorthogonal Chemistry.

    PubMed

    Bilton, Holly A; Ahmad, Zainab; Janzen, Nancy; Czorny, Shannon; Valliant, John F

    2017-02-04

    Pre-targeting combined with bioorthogonal chemistry is emerging as an effective way to create new radiopharmaceuticals. Of the methods available, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition between a radiolabeled tetrazines and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) linked to a biomolecule has proven to be a highly effective bioorthogonal approach to imaging specific biological targets. Despite the fact that technetium-99m remains the most widely used isotope in diagnostic nuclear medicine, there is a scarcity of methods for preparing 99m Tc-labeled tetrazines. Herein we report the preparation of a family of tridentate-chelate-tetrazine derivatives and their Tc(I) complexes. These hitherto unknown compounds were radiolabeled with 99m Tc using a microwave-assisted method in 31% to 83% radiochemical yield. The products are stable in saline and PBS and react rapidly with TCO derivatives in vitro. Their in vivo pre-targeting abilities were demonstrated using a TCO-bisphosphonate (TCO-BP) derivative that localizes to regions of active bone metabolism or injury. In murine studies, the 99m Tc-tetrazines showed high activity concentrations in knees and shoulder joints, which was not observed when experiments were performed in the absence of TCO-BP. The overall uptake in non-target organs and pharmacokinetics varied greatly depending on the nature of the linker and polarity of the chelate.

  15. Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis.

    PubMed

    Gong, Wei; Dou, Huan; Liu, Xianqin; Sun, Lingyun; Hou, Yayi

    2012-10-01

    1. In the present study, we investigated the effects of technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ((99)Tc-MDP), an agent used in radionuclide therapy, on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and explored the underlying mechanisms. 2. The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived-macrophages from C57BL/6 mice (BMM) were used as models for osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The expression of some key factors in RANKL (50 ng/mL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells was investigated by flow cytometry and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To detect multinucleated osteoclast formation, RAW264.7 cells were induced with RANKL for 4 days, whereas BMM were induced by 50 ng/mL RANKL and 20 ng/mL macrophage colony-stimulating factor for 7 days, before being stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. 3. Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using the osteoclast markers CD51, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and cathepsin K. At 0.01 μg/mL, (99)Tc-MDP significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis without any cytotoxicity. In addition, (99)Tc-MDP abolished the appearance of multinucleated osteoclasts. 4. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of transcription factor expression revealed that (99)Tc-MDP inhibited the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells. In addition, (99)Tc-MDP inhibited the expression of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-1β. Finally, (99)Tc-MDP inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in RAW264.7 cells following RANKL stimulation. 5. In conclusion, (99)Tc-MDP possesses anti-osteoclastogenic activity against RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. © 2012 The Authors Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology © 2012 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

  16. Targeted Nuclear Imaging Probes for Cardiac Amyloidosis.

    PubMed

    Bravo, Paco E; Dorbala, Sharmila

    2017-07-01

    The aim of the present manuscript is to review the latest advancements of radionuclide molecular imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of individuals with cardiac amyloidosis. 99m Technetium labeled bone tracer scintigraphy had been known to image cardiac amyloidosis, since the 1980s; over the past decade, bone scintigraphy has been revived specifically to diagnose transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. 18 F labeled and 11 C labeled amyloid binding radiotracers developed for imaging Alzheimer's disease, have been repurposed since 2013, to image light chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. 99m Technetium bone scintigraphy for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, and amyloid binding targeted PET imaging for light chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis, are emerging as highly accurate methods. Targeted radionuclide imaging may soon replace endomyocardial biopsy in the evaluation of patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis. Further research is warranted on the role of targeted imaging to quantify cardiac amyloidosis and to guide therapy.

  17. Potential Ways to Address Shortage Situations of 99Mo/99mTc.

    PubMed

    Filzen, Leah M; Ellingson, Lacey R; Paulsen, Andrew M; Hung, Joseph C

    2017-03-01

    99m Tc, the most common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine, is produced in a nuclear reactor from the decay of 99 Mo. There are only a few aging nuclear reactors around the world that produce 99 Mo, and one of the major contributors, the National Research Universal (Canada), ceased production on October 31, 2016. The National Research Universal produced approximately 40% of the world's 99 Mo supply, so with its shut down, shortages of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc are expected. Methods: Nuclear pharmacies and nuclear medicine departments throughout the United States were contacted and asked to provide their strategies for coping with a shortage of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc. Each of these strategies was evaluated on the basis of its effectiveness for conserving 99m Tc while still meeting the needs of the patients. Results: From the responses, the following 6 categories of strategies, in order of importance, were compiled: contractual agreements with commercial nuclear pharmacies, alternative imaging protocols, changes in imaging schedules, software use, generator management, and reduction of ordered doses or elimination of backup doses. Conclusion: The supply chain of 99 Mo/ 99m Tc is quite fragile; therefore, being aware of the most appropriate coping strategies is crucial. It is essential to build a strong collaboration between the nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine department during a shortage situation. With both nuclear medicine departments and nuclear pharmacies implementing viable strategies, such as the ones proposed, the amount of 99m Tc available during a shortage situation can be maximized. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

  18. [Regional blood flow and bone uptake of methylene-diphosphonate-technetium-99m].

    PubMed

    Vattimo, A; Martini, G; Pisani, M

    1983-05-30

    Sudeck's atrophy of the foot is an acute, patchy osteoporosis that, on bone scan, shows an increase in both bone blood flow and local bone uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP and local bone blood flow. In some patients with Sudeck's atrophy of one foot we measured local bone blood flow and bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP. External counting of radioactivity, with a count-rate of 1 second was performed for 60 minutes after i.v. injection of a known dose of 99mTc-MDP in some patients with Sudeck's atrophy of the foot. The regions of interest (ROI) were selected on the basis of a bone scan performed 24 hours earlier. We assumed that the data recorded during the first seconds (7-10) reflect local blood flow and the data at 60 minutes reflect the bone uptake. The ratio between the local blood flow in the involved and healthy foot was higher than the local bone uptake ratio. The ratio between bone uptake and local bone blood flow was higher in the normal foot than in the affected one. These results suggest that the bone avidity for bone-seeking radionuclides is lower in Sudeck's atrophy than in normal bone.

  19. Evaluation of 99mTc-3PRGD2 integrin receptor imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma tumour-bearing mice: comparison with 18F-FDG metabolic imaging.

    PubMed

    Zheng, Jieling; Miao, Weibing; Huang, Chao; Lin, Haoxue

    2017-07-01

    Our study was designed to explore the utility of 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG 4 -E[PEG 4 -c(RGDfK)] 2 ( 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 ) for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and specifically to compare the diagnostic performance of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 integrin receptor imaging and 2-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ( 18 F-FDG) metabolic imaging in a nude mouse model. 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 was synthesized using a HYNIC-3PRGD 2 lyophilized kit with 99m TcO 4 labelling. The nude mouse animal model was established by subcutaneously injecting 5 × 10 7 /ml HepG2 cells into the shoulder flank of each mouse. Biodistribution studies were performed at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 h after intravenous administration of 0.37 MBq of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 . Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression level of integrin αvβ3 in the HCC tissues. Dynamic imaging was performed using list-mode after the administration of 55.5 MBq of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 , to reconstruct the multiphase images and acquire the best initial scan time. At 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 days after inoculation with HepG2 cells, 55.5 MBq of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 and 37 MBq of 18 F-FDG were injected successively into the nude mouse model, subsequently, simultaneous SPECT/PET imaging was performed to calculate the tumour volume and tumour uptake of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 and 18 F-FDG. The biodistribution study first validated that the tumour uptake of 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 at the different time points was higher than that of all the other organs tested in the experiment, except for the kidney. Integrin αvβ3 expressed highly in early stage HCC and declined for further necrosis of the tumour tissue. Subcutaneous tumours were visualized clearly with excellent contrast under 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT imaging, and the multiphase imaging comparison showed the tumours were prominent at 0.5 h, suggesting that the best initial scan time is 0.5 h post-injection. The comparison of the imaging results of the two methods showed that 99m Tc-3PRGD 2 integrin receptor imaging was

  20. Increased technetium-99 m hydroxy diphosphonate soft tissue uptake on bone scintigraphy in chronic kidney disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: correlation with hyperphosphataemia.

    PubMed

    Enevoldsen, Lotte Hahn; Heaf, James; Højgaard, Liselotte; Zerahn, Bo; Hasbak, Philip

    2017-03-01

    In bone scan patients with dialysis-treated chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperparathyroidism, soft tissue accumulation of technetium-99 m hydroxy/methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99 m-HDP/MDP) has been reported primarily in case reports and usually explained by hypercalcaemia and/or hyperphosphataemia. As human vascular smooth muscle cells produce hydroxyapatite during cell culture with increased phosphate levels and as Tc-99 m-HDP/MDP primarily binds to hydroxyapatite, we hypothesized that soft tissue accumulation would be found in patients with hyperphosphataemia. We identified 63 CKD patients diagnosed with secondary hyperparathyroidism admitted for Tc-99 m-HDP bone scan. Baseline characteristics and mean concentrations of biochemical markers (including P-calcium and P-phosphate) taken 0-3 months prior to the bone scans were collected. Soft tissue uptake was detected on bone scans in 37 of 63 (59%) patients. Primary locations were in the heart (27/37 = 73%), muscles (12/37 = 32%), lung (9/37 = 24%) and gastrointestinal tract (6/37 = 16%), and 13 of 37 (35%) patients had simultaneous uptake in more than one location. Regarding biochemical markers, patients with soft tissue uptake only differed from patients without in terms of plasma phosphate levels (1·95 ± 0·15 (n = 37) versus 1·27 ± 0·08 (n = 26), P = 0·0012). All patients with myocardial uptake (n = 27) had a coronary arteriography-verified history of coronary artery disease (CAD), whereas CAD was only present in six of the 36 patients without myocardial uptake. In conclusion, dialysis-treated CKD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism have a high incidence of soft tissue uptake, and this finding is strongly correlated with elevated phosphate, but not calcium values. © 2015 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Dual-modality imaging with 99mTc and fluorescent indocyanine green using surface-modified silica nanoparticles for biopsy of the sentinel lymph node: an animal study

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background We propose a new approach to facilitate sentinel node biopsy examination by multimodality imaging in which radioactive and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoparticles depict deeply situated sentinel nodes and fluorescent nodes with anatomical resolution in the surgical field. For this purpose, we developed polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-coated silica nanoparticles loaded with technetium-99m (99mTc) and indocyanine green (ICG). Methods We conducted animal studies to test the feasibility and utility of this dual-modality imaging probe. The mean diameter of the PAMAM-coated silica nanoparticles was 30 to 50 nm, as evaluated from the images of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The combined labeling with 99mTc and ICG was verified by thin-layer chromatography before each experiment. A volume of 0.1 ml of the nanoparticle solution (7.4 MBq, except for one rat that was injected with 3.7 MBq, and 1 μg of an ICG derivative [ICG-sulfo-OSu]) was injected submucosally into the tongue of six male Wistar rats. Results Scintigraphic images showed increased accumulation of 99mTc in the neck of four of the six rats. Nineteen lymph nodes were identified in the dissected neck of the six rats, and a contact radiographic study showed three nodes with a marked increase in uptake and three nodes with a weak uptake. NIR fluorescence imaging provided real-time clear fluorescent images of the lymph nodes in the neck with anatomical resolution. Six lymph nodes showed weak (+) to strong (+++) fluorescence, whereas other lymph nodes showed no fluorescence. Nodes showing increased radioactivity coincided with the fluorescent nodes. The radioactivity of 15 excised lymph nodes from the four rats was assayed using a gamma well counter. Comparisons of the levels of radioactivity revealed a large difference between the high-fluorescence-intensity group (four lymph nodes; mean, 0.109% ± 0.067%) and the low- or no-fluorescence-intensity group (11 lymph nodes

  2. Direct comparison of solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a carbon isotope-labeled sodium acetate breath test and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy in healthy cats.

    PubMed

    Schmitz, Silke; Götte, Birte; Borsch, Christian; Kunz, Clemens; Failing, Klaus; Neiger, Reto

    2014-07-01

    To directly compare solid-phase gastric emptying times assessed by means of a [(13)C]sodium acetate breath test ([(13)C]-SABT) and technetium Tc 99m albumin colloid radioscintigraphy ((99m)Tc-ACR) in healthy cats. 12 healthy cats. After ingestion of a test meal containing 50 mg of [(13)C]sodium acetate and 250 MBq of (99m)Tc-albumin colloid, each cat underwent simultaneous [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR on 2 consecutive days. Breath samples and scintigrams were acquired at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360, 480, and 600 minutes after meal ingestion. Quartiles of gastric emptying (25%, 50%, and 75%) were calculated for breath test analysis by use of the area under the curve of the (13)C:(12)C ratio. Quartiles of gastric emptying times were extrapolated from the scintigraphic findings by beans of nonlinear curve regression analysis. Mean ± SD gastric half-emptying (50%) times obtained with [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR, were 239 ± 28 minutes and 276 ± 59 minutes, respectively. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that mean gastric emptying times determined with [(13)C]-SABT and (99m)Tc-ACR differed significantly. For the stages of gastric emptying, Pearson correlation between the 2 methods was good at 25% (r = 0.655) and weak at 50% (r = 0.588) and 75% (r = 0.566)of gastric emptying. Results indicated that the [(13)C]-SABT can be a valid alternative to (99m)Tc-ACR in healthy cats; it was easy to perform, was tolerated well by the cats, and had acceptable correlation to scintigraphic findings at gastric emptying of 25%, 50% and 75%. Studies in cats with delayed gastric emptying will be needed to verify the validity of the [(13)C]-SABT.

  3. Initial direct comparison of 99mTc-TOC and 99mTc-TATE in identifying sites of disease in patients with proven GEP NETs.

    PubMed

    Cwikla, Jaroslaw B; Mikolajczak, Renata; Pawlak, Dariusz; Buscombe, John R; Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Anna; Bator, Andrzej; Maecke, Helmut R; Walecki, Jerzy

    2008-07-01

    The imaging of neuroendocrine tumors has become one of the most significant areas in nuclear oncology. In an attempt to provide high-quality imaging and possible sensitivity at a reduced cost, time, and radiation dose, several (99m)Tc agents have been proposed. The aim of this initial study was to compare the tumor uptake and biodistribution of 2 new 6-hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC)-derivatized Tyr(3)-octreotide analogs, (99m)Tc-[HYNIC,Tyr(3)]octreotide ((99m)Tc-TOC) and (99m)Tc-[HYNIC,Tyr(3),Thr(8)]octreotide ((99m)Tc-TATE), in patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing tumors. Each of 12 patients with proven gastrointestinal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors received a mean activity of 520 MBq of (99m)Tc-TOC and (99m)Tc-TATE. Scintigraphy with both tracers was performed 3-4 h after their injection using standard whole-body and SPECT imaging. The images were reviewed subjectively by 2 readers, who reported tumor uptake lesion by lesion. Both radiotracers demonstrated concordance between the results in 7 patients (58%). In total, 110 sites of disease were identified with (99m)Tc-TOC, compared with 115 with (99m)Tc-TATE. There was 1 case in which (99m)Tc-TOC identified sites of disease not seen on (99m)Tc-TATE imaging but 4 cases in which some sites of disease were seen with (99m)Tc-TATE and not (99m)Tc-TOC. In this initial study, both tracers seem to show similar sites of tumor, with (99m)Tc-TATE having a slight edge in the total number of lesions seen, especially in lymph node metastases.

  4. The absorption of (99m)Tc-alendronate given by rectal route in rabbits.

    PubMed

    Asikoğlu, Makbule; Ozguney, Isik; Ozcan, Ipek; Orumlu, Oya; Guneri, Tamer; Koseoğlu, Kamil; Ozkilic, Hayal

    2008-01-01

    Alendronate sodium (ALD) is a bisphosphonate medication used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Absorption of ALD as oral formulation is very poor (0.5%-1%). Its bioavailability can decrease with food effect. It has some gastrointestinal adverse effects such as gastritis, gastric ulcer, and esophagitis. The aim of this study was to develop a rectal formulation of ALD as an alternative to oral route and to investigate the absorption of it by using gamma scintigraphy. For this reason, ALD was labeled with Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) by direct method. The radiochemical characterization of the (99m)Tc-ALD was carried out by paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, and electrophoresis methods. The labeling efficiency of (99m)Tc-ALD was found 99% without significant changes until 6 h postlabeling at room temperature. The rectal suppositories containing (99m)Tc-ALD were prepared by fusion method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500. The (99m)Tc-labeled ALD suppositories were administrated to rabbits by rectal route. Serial scintigrams over all bodies of the rabbits were obtained at different time intervals using a gamma camera. We found that the rectal absorption of (99m)Tc-ALD from suppository formulation was possible. According to our results, this formulation of ALD can be suggested for the therapy of osteoporosis as an alternative route.

  5. Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

    DOE PAGES

    Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong Sang; Um, Wooyong; ...

    2018-03-02

    Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2∙2H 2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. Here, we postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Finally,more » additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

  6. Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong

    Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO2∙2H2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with hexavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Additional studies are neededmore » to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from glass melt.« less

  7. Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong Sang; Um, Wooyong

    Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2∙2H 2O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. Here, we postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generally accepted idea. Finally,more » additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

  8. Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong

    © 2018 Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2 ∙2H 2 O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generallymore » accepted idea. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

  9. Effect of Technetium-99 sources on its retention in low activity waste glass

    DOE PAGES

    Luksic, Steven A.; Kim, Dong-Sang; Um, Wooyong; ...

    2018-05-01

    © 2018 Small-scale crucible melting tests on simulated waste glass were performed with technetium-99 (Tc-99) introduced as different species in a representative low activity waste simulant. The glass saw an increase in Tc-99 retention when TcO 2 ∙2H 2 O and various Tc-minerals containing reduced tetravalent Tc were used compared to tests in which pertechnetate with heptavalent Tc was used. We postulate that the increase of Tc retention is likely caused by different reaction paths for Tc incorporation into glass during early stages of melting, rather than the low volatility of reduced tetravalent Tc compounds, which has been a generallymore » accepted idea. Additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms relevant to the effect of reduced Tc compounds on Tc incorporation into or volatilization from the glass melt.« less

  10. 99mTc-zolmitriptan: radiolabeling, molecular modeling, biodistribution and gamma scintigraphy as a hopeful radiopharmaceutical for lung nuclear imaging.

    PubMed

    Rashed, H M; Marzook, F A; Farag, H

    2016-12-01

    Lung imaging radiopharmaceuticals are helpful agents for measuring pulmonary blood flow and allow detection of pulmonary embolism and lung cancer. The goal of this study was to develop a novel potential radiopharmaceutical for lung imaging. Zolmitriptan (a selective serotonin receptor agonist) was successfully labeled with 99m Tc via direct labeling method under reductive conditions studying different factors affecting the labeling efficiency. 99m Tc-zolmitriptan was obtained with a maximum labeling yield of 92.5 ± 0.61 % and in vitro stability up to 24 h. Molecular modeling was done to predict the structure of 99m Tc-zolmitriptan and ensure that radiolabeling did not affect binding ability of zolmitriptan to its receptor. Biodistribution studies showed that maximum lung uptake of 99m Tc-zolmitriptan was 23.89 ± 1.2 % injected dose/g tissue at 15 min post-injection and retention in lungs remained high up to 1 h, whereas the clearance from mice appeared to proceed mainly via the renal pathway. Scintigraphic images confirmed the biodistribution results showing a high resolution lung image with low accumulation of radioactivity in other organs except kidneys and urinary bladder. 99m Tc-zolmitriptan is not a blood product and so it is more safe than the currently available 99m Tc-MAA, and its lung uptake is higher than that of the recently discovered 123 I-IPMPD, 99m Tc(CO) 5 I and 99m Tc-DHPM. So, 99m Tc-zolmitriptan could be used as a hopeful radiopharmaceutical for lung scintigraphic imaging.

  11. Recruitment of 99m-technetium- or 111-indium-labelled polymorphonuclear leucocytes in experimentally induced pyogranulomas in lambs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guilloteau, L.; Pepin, M.; Pardon, P.

    1990-10-01

    The recruitment of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) during the development of experimental pyogranulomas induced by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was followed in nine male lambs by scintigraphic examination. Autologous blood PMNs were labelled with 99m-technetium or 111-indium and were re-injected intravenously into infected lambs. The functional properties of the labelled cells were monitored (1) in vitro by measuring their phagocytic and bactericidal activity against C. pseudotuberculosis and their chemotaxis under agarose, and (2) in vivo by following scintigraphically their capacity to accumulate in an inflammatory focus induced by intradermal injection of latex beads coated with Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. Following inoculation of corynebacteriamore » into the right ear of lambs, radioactive foci were observed to be localized in the right ear and in the draining lymph nodes during the 4 days following inoculation. Histopathological examination performed 32 h after inoculation confirmed the intense accumulation of PMNs at these sites. With the exception of one animal, which presented visible foci in the neck 14 days postinoculation, no radioactive foci were observed during the later phases of experimental infection, despite the presence of multiple pyogranulomas which were confirmed by bacteriological examination after necropsy of the lambs. Histopathological examination of these lesions revealed layers of fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and macrophages surrounding a necrotic centre. The results of these studies suggest that the contribution of PMNs during the chronic phase of inflammation is considerably reduced in comparison with the acute inflammatory phase of the infectious process.« less

  12. Preclinical Biokinetic Modelling of Tc-99m Radiophamaceuticals Obtained from Semi-Automatic Image Processing.

    PubMed

    Cornejo-Aragón, Luz G; Santos-Cuevas, Clara L; Ocampo-García, Blanca E; Chairez-Oria, Isaac; Diaz-Nieto, Lorenza; García-Quiroz, Janice

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this study was to develop a semi automatic image processing algorithm (AIPA) based on the simultaneous information provided by X-ray and radioisotopic images to determine the biokinetic models of Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals from quantification of image radiation activity in murine models. These radioisotopic images were obtained by a CCD (charge couple device) camera coupled to an ultrathin phosphorous screen in a preclinical multimodal imaging system (Xtreme, Bruker). The AIPA consisted of different image processing methods for background, scattering and attenuation correction on the activity quantification. A set of parametric identification algorithms was used to obtain the biokinetic models that characterize the interaction between different tissues and the radiopharmaceuticals considered in the study. The set of biokinetic models corresponded to the Tc-99m biodistribution observed in different ex vivo studies. This fact confirmed the contribution of the semi-automatic image processing technique developed in this study.

  13. 64Cu-Labeled triphenylphosphonium and triphenylarsonium cations as highly tumor-selective imaging agents.

    PubMed

    Wang, Jianjun; Yang, Chang-Tong; Kim, Young-Seung; Sreerama, Subramanya G; Cao, Qizhen; Li, Zi-Bo; He, Zhengjie; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Liu, Shuang

    2007-10-18

    This report presents synthesis and evaluation of the 64Cu-labeled triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cations as new radiotracers for imaging tumors by positron emission tomography. Biodistribution properties of 64Cu-L1, 64Cu-L2, 64Cu-L3, and 99mTc-Sestamibi were evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing U87MG human glioma xenografts. The most striking difference is that 64Cu-L1, 64Cu-L2, and 64Cu-L3 have much lower heart uptake (<0.6% ID/g) than 99mTc-Sestamibi ( approximately 18% ID/g) at >30 min p.i. Their tumor/heart ratios increase steadily from approximately 1 at 5 min p.i. to approximately 5 at 120 min p.i. The tumor/heart ratio of 64Cu-L3 is approximately 40 times better than that of 99mTc-Sestamibi at 120 min postinjection. Results from in vitro assays show that 64Cu-L1 is able to localize in tumor mitochondria. The tumor is clearly visualized in the tumor-bearing mice administered with 64Cu-L1 as 30 min postinjection. The 64Cu-labeled TPP/TPA cations are very selective radiotracers that are able to provide the information of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in tumors by monitoring mitochondrial potential in a noninvasive fashion.

  14. Imaging prostate cancer (PCa) with [99m Tc(CO)3 ]finasteride dithiocarbamate.

    PubMed

    Shah, Syed Qaiser; Gul-E-Raana; Uddin, Ghias

    2018-06-15

    This investigation aimed to modify finasteride (1) to finasteride dithiocarbamate (2) for subsequent synthesis of the rhenium analogue (3) and [ 99m Tc]tricarbonyl complexes (4), to assess its prostate cancer (PCa) targeting potential in a rat model. To validate the identity of (4), reference (3) has been synthesized by using fac-[Net 4 ] 2 [ReBr 3 (CO) 3 ] precursor and characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The analogue (4) was synthesized by using fac-[ 99m Tc(H 2 O) 3 (CO) 3 ] + precursor, and its structure was confirmed by comparative HPLC by using (3) as a reference. Further, the suitability of (4) as a PCa imaging agent was investigated in vitro and in vivo. At room temperature, (4) had ≥99% radiochemical purity and remained ≥84% stable in serum. In preclinical studies, biodistribution of (4) in histopathologically established rat model showed adequately high in vivo uptake in the prostate attracting the possibility of using it for noninvasive imaging of PCa. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  15. Tc-99m Ethylenedicysteine and Tc-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Scintigraphy-Comparison of the Two for Detection of Scarring and Differential Cortical Function.

    PubMed

    Dharmalingam, Anitha; Pawar, Shwetal U; Parelkar, Sandesh V; Shetye, Suruchi S; Ghorpade, Mangala K; Tilve, Gundu H

    2017-01-01

    The differential cortical function obtained by Tc-99m EC is comparable to that of Tc-99m DMSA. However, identification of scars on Tc-99m EC images needs to be studied. The aim of the study is to evaluate role of Tc-99m EC for detection of scarring and differential cortical function by comparing with Tc-99m DMSA. Prospective observational study of recurrent UTI; minimum 6 weeks after acute episode; when urine examination is negative for pus cells. Forty-seven children with normal positioned kidneys underwent Tc-99m EC and DMSA scintigraphy. The DRF and cortical phase images of both studies in the same image matrix size were evaluated by two independent observers for scarring; Tc-99m DMSA was considered as the gold standard. MS Excel 2007 and GraphPad Instat V3.1 and ROC analysis. There was no significant difference in the detection of scarring using two studies with Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) 0.932. The sensitivity and specificity of Tc-99m EC for detection of scarring was 98.75% and 99.15%, respectively. There was good agreement between the differential cortical function calculated using two studies. The summed Tc-99m EC images with an acceptable high image contrast allow detection of cortical scarring in patients with normal kidney positions. It is an excellent single-modality comprehensive investigational agent for renal parenchymal defects, function, and excretion evaluation with the added advantages of lower cost, convenience, and low radiation exposure to the child.

  16. PREDICTION OF RELAPSE FROM HYPERTHYROIDISM FOLLOWING ANTITHYROID MEDICATION WITHDRAWAL USING TECHNETIUM THYROID UPTAKE SCANNING.

    PubMed

    Nakhjavani, Manouchehr; Abdollahi, Soraya; Farzanefar, Saeed; Abousaidi, Mohammadtagi; Esteghamati, Alireza; Naseri, Maryam; Eftekhari, Mohamad; Abbasi, Mehrshad

    2017-04-02

    Technetium thyroid uptake (TTU) is not inhibited by antithyroid drugs (ATD) and reflects the degree of thyroid stimulation. We intended to predict the relapse rate from hyperthyroidism based on TTU measurement. Out of 44 initially enrolled subjects, 38 patients aged 41.6 ± 14.6 with Graves disease (duration: 84 ± 78 months) completed the study. TTU was performed with 40-second imaging of the neck and mediastinum 20 minutes after injection of 1 mCi technetium-99m pertechnetate. TTU was measured as the percentage of the count of activity accumulated in the thyroidal region minus the mediastinal background uptake to the count of 1 mCi technetium-99m under the same acquisition conditions. Then methimazole was stopped and patients were followed. The optimal TTU cutoff value for Graves relapse prediction was calculated using Youden's J statistic. Hyperthyroidism relapsed in 11 (28.9%) patients 122 ± 96 (range: 15-290) days post-ATD withdrawal. The subjects in remission were followed for 209 ± 81 days (range: 88-390). TTU was significantly higher in patients with forthcoming relapse (12.0 ± 8.0 vs. 3.9 ± 2.0, P = .007). The difference was significant after adjustment for age, sex, history of previous relapse, disease duration, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels before withdrawal. The area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.87. The optimal TTU cutoff value for classification of subjects with relapse and remission was 8.7 with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of 73%, 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4-29.3). TTU evaluation in hyperthyroid patients receiving antithyroid medication is an accurate and practical method for predicting relapse after ATD withdrawal. ATD = antithyroid drugs RIU = radio-iodine uptake TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone TSI = thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin TTU = technetium thyroid uptake.

  17. Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis in rats and humans with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy: imaging synovial neoangiogenesis.

    PubMed

    Wu, Yu; Zhang, Guojian; Wang, Xiangcheng; Zhao, Zhenfang; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xuemei; Li, Xiao-Feng

    2017-01-24

    To validate 99mTc-labeled arginylglycylaspartic acid (99mTc-3PRGD2) scintigraphy as a means to image synovial neoangiogenesis in joints afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis and to investigate its potential in the early detection and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were generated in Sprague Dawley rats by type II collagen immunization and papain injection, respectively. Rats were imaged with 99mTc-3PRGD2 and 99mTc- methyl diphosphonate (99mTc MDP). X-ray images were also obtained and assessed by a radiologist. Immunohistochemistry of αvβ3 and CD31confirmed the onset of synovial neoangiogenesis. The effect of bevacizumab on rheumatoid arthritis was followed with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis and a healthy volunteer were scanned with 99mTc-3PRGD2. Two weeks after immunization, a significant increase in 99mTc-3PRGD2 was observed in the joints of the rheumatoid arthritis model though uptake in osteoarthritis model and untreated controls was low. 99mTc-MDP whole body scans failed to distinguish early rheumatoid arthritis joints from healthy controls. The expression of αvβ3 and CD31was significantly higher in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis rats compared to normal controls. In serial 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy studies, 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake increased in parallel with disease progression. Bevacizumab anti-angiogenetic therapy both improved the symptoms of the rheumatoid arthritis rats and significantly decreased 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake. Significantly higher 99mTc-3PRGD2 accumulation was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis joints in the patient. Our findings indicate that 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy could detect early rheumatoid arthritis by imaging the associated synovial neoangiogenesis, and may be useful in disease management.

  18. Discordant hepatic uptake between Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m DISIDA in hypervitaminosis A

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vincent, L.M.; McCartney, W.H.; Mauro, M.A.

    1984-02-01

    Scintigraphic findings in a patient with biopsy-proven hypervitaminosis A included markedly impaired hepatic uptake of Tc-99m sulfur colloid but essentially normal uptake of Tc-99m DISIDA. This case presents a potential cause for image discordance with these two agents.

  19. Values of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging after first-time large-dose (131)I therapy in treating differentiated thyroid cancer.

    PubMed

    Pan, Xiaomei; Duan, Dong; Zhu, Yuquan; Pang, Hua; Guan, Lili; Lv, Zhixiang

    2016-01-01

    The aim of this study is to investigate the use of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging for evaluating the treatment response of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after the first administration of a high dose of (131)I. Patients with DTC who received (131)I therapy underwent (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging after successive increases in the therapeutic dose of (131)I, and the serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. A total of 191 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 65 metastases and/or thyroid remnant-positive patients (22 patients with metastases and 43 patients with thyroid remnants). The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging for detecting positive cases and thyroid remnants was 56.9% and 39.5%, respectively, which was significantly lower than that of (131)I imaging (92.3% and 100%, respectively, P<0.01 for both). The sensitivity of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging for detecting metastases was 90.9%, which was slightly higher than that of (131)I imaging (77.3%, P>0.05). The Tg levels in the positive group were significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0.01). In addition, the Tg levels in the (99m)Tc-MIBI(+)/(131)I(-) group were significantly higher than that in the (131)I(+)/(99m)Tc-MIBI group (P<0.05). After the first (131)I therapy, although (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging was able to detect the existence of metastatic lesions in patients with DTC better, its assessment for the removal efficiency of thyroid remnants was unsatisfactory. The results of (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging showed good correlations with the Tg level.

  20. Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid radioaerosol scintigraphy in organophosphate induced pulmonary toxicity: experimental study.

    PubMed

    Yavuz, Yucel; Kaya, Eser; Yurumez, Yusuf; Sahin, Onder; Bas, Orhan; Fidan, Huseyin; Sezer, Murat

    2008-09-01

    The aim of this experimental study was to investigate pathological signs of lung damages caused by acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning by using Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol scintigraphy and histopathological investigation. Fourteen rabbits were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). Group 1 (control group) received normal saline (same volume of fenthion, 2 ml/kg) via orogastric tube. Group 2 (OP toxicity group) received 150 mg/kg of fenthion (diluted fenthion, 2 ml/kg) via orogastric tube. Six hours later, Tc-99m-DTPA aerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy was performed in both groups. Then all rabbits were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (35 mg/kg, i.p.) and xysilazine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and sacrificed by intracardiac blood discharge. The lungs were then removed. There was a significant difference in T1/2 values of Tc-99m DTPA clearance between control group and OP toxicity group (p = 0.04). Intraparenchymal vascular congestion and thrombosis, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, respiratory epithelial proliferation, number of macrophages in the alveolar, and bronchial lumen, alveolar destruction, emphysematous changes, and bronchoalveolar hemorrhage scores were significantly higher in the rabbits exposed to OP compared with the control group (p < 0.05). This study showed that OP toxicity caused a decrease in the alveolar clearance. Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scintigraphy was found to be a sensitive determination of acute lung damage in OP poisoning.

  1. Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Post-Transarterial Radioembolization (90)Y Microsphere Positron Emission Tomography Combined with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) Images in Advanced Liver Malignancy: Comparison With (99m)Tc Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

    PubMed

    Rhee, Seunghong; Kim, Sungeun; Cho, Jaehyuk; Park, Jukyung; Eo, Jae Seon; Park, Soyeon; Lee, Eunsub; Kim, Yun Hwan; Choe, Jae-Gol

    2016-03-01

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between pretreatment planning technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) macroaggregated albumin (MAA) SPECT images and posttreatment transarterial radioembolization (TARE) yttirum-90 ((90)Y) PET/CT images by comparing the ratios of tumor-to-normal liver counts. Fifty-two patients with advanced hepatic malignancy who underwent (90)Y microsphere radioembolization from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients had undergone (99m)Tc MAA intraarterial injection SPECT for a pretreatment evaluation of microsphere distribution and therapy planning. After the administration of (90)Y microspheres, the patients underwent posttreatment (90)Y PET/CT within 24 h. For semiquantitative analysis, the tumor-to-normal uptake ratios in (90)Y PET/CT (TNR-yp) and (99m)Tc MAA SPECT (TNR-ms) as well as the tumor volumes measured in angiographic CT were obtained and analyzed. The relationship of TNR-yp and TNR-ms was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation and Wilcoxon's matched pairs test. In a total of 79 lesions of 52 patients, the distribution of microspheres was well demonstrated in both the SPECT and PET/CT images. A good correlation was observed of between TNR-ms and TNR-yp (rho value = 0.648, p < 0.001). The TNR-yp (median 2.78, interquartile range 2.43) tend to show significantly higher values than TNR-ms (median 2.49, interquartile range of 1.55) (p = 0.012). The TNR-yp showed weak correlation with tumor volume (rho = 0.230, p = 0.041). The (99m)Tc MAA SPECT showed a good correlation with (90)Y PET/CT in TNR values, suggesting that (99m)Tc MAA can be used as an adequate pretreatment evaluation method. However, the (99m)Tc MAA SPECT image consistently shows lower TNR values compared to (90)Y PET/CT, which means the possibility of underestimation of tumorous uptake in the partition dosimetry model using (99m)Tc MAA SPECT. Considering that (99m)Tc MAA is the only clinically available surrogate

  2. Clinical usefulness of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy in oncological diagnostics: a preliminary communication.

    PubMed

    Płachcińska, Anna; Mikołajczak, Renata; Maecke, Helmut R; Młodkowska, Ewa; Kunert-Radek, Jolanta; Michalski, Andrzej; Rzeszutek, Katarzyna; Kozak, Józef; Kuśmierek, Jacek

    2003-10-01

    This study assessed the clinical usefulness of a new technetium-99m labelled somatostatin analogue from the standpoint of oncological diagnostics. The study group comprised 40 patients in whom malignant neoplasms (32 primary and 8 metastatic) had been diagnosed. Among the primary tumours there were 21 cases of lung cancer (2 small cell and 19 non-small cell), seven pituitary adenomas (five hormonally active and two inactive), one liposarcoma, two carcinoids and one breast carcinoma. The metastatic tumours consisted of three malignant melanomas, one phaeochromocytoma, one prostatic cancer, one leiomyosarcoma, one pancreatic carcinoma ectopically secreting ACTH and one carcinoid of the thymus. The radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide was administered i.v. at an activity of 740-925 MBq. The imaging comprised a whole-body scan and a single-photon emission tomography acquisition. Positive scintigrams were obtained in all cases of small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, four out of five hormonally active pituitary adenomas, one out of two cases of carcinoid, the liposarcoma and the breast cancer. Neoplastic metastases were visualised in two out of three patients with melanoma and in patients with phaeochromocytoma, ACTH-secreting pancreatic carcinoma and thymic carcinoid. Scintigrams were negative in both hormonally inactive pituitary adenomas, in one case of metastatic malignant melanoma, in the leiomyosarcoma and in the case of metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. The results of this pilot study indicate that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC is a potentially useful radiopharmaceutical for imaging of a wide range of primary and metastatic tumours. Special attention should be paid to the successful imaging of all cases of non-small cell lung cancer.

  3. False-positive defects on exercise 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT imaging, but not on dipyridamole 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT imaging, in a patient with right bundle branch block (RBBB).

    PubMed

    Javadi, Hamid; Jallalat, Sara; Semnani, Shahriar; Mogharrabi, Mehdi; Nabipour, Iraj; Abbaszadeh, Moloud; Assadi, Majid

    2013-01-01

    False-positive findings with myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) have frequently been identified in the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) and tend to lower the accuracy of MPI in individuals with normal coronary angiographs. Pharmacologic stress is recognized as the preferred method for MPI in patients with LBBB. In contrast, very few studies have evaluated the effect of right bundle branch block (RBBB) on MPI, and there is no consensus regarding the selection of pharmacologic versus exercise stress during MPI for the RBBB patient. In this study, we present a 45-year-old man with RBBB, who has a normal coronary artery angiography, but who showed abnormal myocardial perfusion with exercise MPI, and normal perfusion on dipyridamole MPI. The aim of the study is to stimulate awareness that the stress method selected for patients with RBBB can potentially interfere with the accuracy of the data.

  4. Combining imaging and anticancer properties with new heterobimetallic Pt(ii)/M(i) (M = Re, 99mTc) complexes.

    PubMed

    Quental, Letícia; Raposinho, Paula; Mendes, Filipa; Santos, Isabel; Navarro-Ranninger, Carmen; Alvarez-Valdes, Amparo; Huang, Huaiyi; Chao, Hui; Rubbiani, Riccardo; Gasser, Gilles; Quiroga, Adoración G; Paulo, António

    2017-10-31

    In this article, we report on the development of new metal-based anticancer agents with imaging, chemotherapeutic and photosensitizing properties. Hence, a new heterobimetallic complex (Pt-LQ-Re) was prepared by connecting a non-conventional trans-chlorido Pt(ii) complex to a photoactive Re tricarbonyl unit (LQ-Re), which can be replaced by 99m Tc to allow for in vivo imaging. We describe the photophysical and biological properties of the new complexes, in the dark and upon light irradiation (DNA interaction, cellular localization and uptake, and cytotoxicity). Furthermore, planar scintigraphic images of mice injected with Pt-LQ-Tc clearly showed that the radioactive compound is taken up by the excretory system organs, namely liver and kidneys, without significant retention in other tissues. All in all, the strategy of conjugating a chemotherapeutic compound with a PDT photosensitizer endows the resulting complexes with an intrinsic cytotoxic activity in the dark, driven by the non-classical platinum core, and a selective activity upon light irradiation. Most importantly, the possibility of integrating a SPECT imaging radiometal ( 99m Tc) in the structure of these new heterobimetallic complexes might allow for in vivo non-invasive visualization of their tumoral accumulation, a crucial issue to predict therapeutic outcomes.

  5. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute cholecystitis with /sup 99m/Tc-HIDA cholescintigraphy. [HIDA = dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Weissmann, H.S.; Frank, M.S.; Bernstein, L.H.

    1979-04-01

    Technetium-99m dimethyl acetanilide iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) cholescintigraphy was performed on 90 patients with suspected acute cholecytitis. Visualization of the gallbladder established patency of the cystic duct and excluded the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in 50 of 52 patients. Nonvisualization of the gallbladder with visualization of the common bile duct was diagnostic of acute cholecystitis in 38 patients, all subsequently proven at surgery. The observed accuracy of this procedure is 98% and specificity is 100%. The false negative rate is 5% and false positive rate is zero. Technetium-99m-HILDA has many advantages which make it the procedure of choice in evaluating amore » patient for suspected acute cholecystitis. It is a rapid, simple, safe examination which provides functional as well as anatomic information about the hepatobiliary system in individuals with a serum bilirubin level up to 8 mg/100 ml.« less

  6. Early detection of rheumatoid arthritis in rats and humans with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy: imaging synovial neoangiogenesis

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Xiangcheng; Zhao, Zhenfang; Wang, Tao; Wang, Xuemei; Li, Xiao-Feng

    2017-01-01

    Objectives: To validate 99mTc-labeled arginylglycylaspartic acid (99mTc-3PRGD2) scintigraphy as a means to image synovial neoangiogenesis in joints afflicted by rheumatoid arthritis and to investigate its potential in the early detection and management of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were generated in Sprague Dawley rats by type II collagen immunization and papain injection, respectively. Rats were imaged with 99mTc-3PRGD2 and 99mTc- methyl diphosphonate (99mTc MDP). X-ray images were also obtained and assessed by a radiologist. Immunohistochemistry of αvβ3 and CD31confirmed the onset of synovial neoangiogenesis. The effect of bevacizumab on rheumatoid arthritis was followed with 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis and a healthy volunteer were scanned with 99mTc-3PRGD2. Results: Two weeks after immunization, a significant increase in 99mTc-3PRGD2 was observed in the joints of the rheumatoid arthritis model though uptake in osteoarthritis model and untreated controls was low. 99mTc-MDP whole body scans failed to distinguish early rheumatoid arthritis joints from healthy controls. The expression of αvβ3 and CD31was significantly higher in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis rats compared to normal controls. In serial 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy studies, 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake increased in parallel with disease progression. Bevacizumab anti-angiogenetic therapy both improved the symptoms of the rheumatoid arthritis rats and significantly decreased 99mTc-3PRGD2 uptake. Significantly higher 99mTc-3PRGD2 accumulation was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis joints in the patient. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that 99mTc-3PRGD2 scintigraphy could detect early rheumatoid arthritis by imaging the associated synovial neoangiogenesis, and may be useful in disease management. PMID:27992368

  7. Ibuprofen induces reduction of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake in severe epithelial breast hyperplasia without atypia.

    PubMed

    Papantoniou, Vassilios; Tsaroucha, Angeliki; Valsamaki, Pipitsa; Tsiouris, Spyridon; Sotiropoulou, Evangelia; Karianos, Theodore; Marinopoulos, Spyridon; Fothiadaki, Athina; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Archontaki, Aikaterini; Syrgiannis, Konstantinos; Dimitrakakis, Konstantinos; Antsaklis, Aris

    2010-10-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate if ibuprofen intake can influence mammary uptake of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer technetium 99m-pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-(V)DMSA) in women with severe epithelial and atypical epithelial breast hyperplasia. Eight patients with histologically confirmed severe epithelial breast hyperplasia with (n  =  4) and without atypia (n  =  4) were submitted prospectively to 99mTc-(V)DMSA scintimammography before and after a 4-week course of 400 mg ibuprofen daily oral intake. Lesion to background ratios 60 minutes postinjection were calculated and compared (t-test) before and after ibuprofen administration. Prior to ibuprofen, the patients with severe epithelial hyperplasia displayed a significantly higher 99mTc-(V)DMSA uptake ratio compared to those with atypical epithelial hyperplasia (2.40 ± 0.32 vs 1.67 ± 0.09, respectively; p  =  .003). They also exhibited a more substantial percent decline in tracer uptake postibuprofen compared to women with atypical epithelial hyperplasia (62.0 ± 7.1 vs 15.0 ± 0.2, respectively; p  =  .001). Ibuprofen induces significant uptake reduction of the proliferation-seeking radiotracer 99mTc-(V)DMSA in severe epithelial breast hyperplasia without atypia. This agent could therefore constitute a potential imaging tool for monitoring chemoprophylaxis effectiveness in women at the early stages of malignant transformation.

  8. Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled elastin-derived peptide, VAPG for multimodal tumor imaging in murine tumor model.

    PubMed

    Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn; Kim, Seul-Gi; Kim, Dae-Weung

    2017-12-01

    We developed a Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled peptide, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG to target tumor cells and evaluated the diagnostic performance as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor in a murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG was synthesized by using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG with Tc-99m was done by using ligand exchange via tartrate. Binding affinity and in vitro cellular uptake studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution, and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with SW620 tumors. Tumor tissue slides were prepared and analyzed with immunohistochemistry by using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG complexes were prepared in high yield (>96%). The K d of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG determined by saturation binding was 16.8 ± 3.6 nM. Confocal microscopy images of SW620 cells incubated with TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG showed strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm. Gamma camera imaging revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG in tumors. Tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the coinjection of an excess concentration of VAPG. Specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging, and immunohistochemistry stain studies. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG in tumor cells. Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-VAPG has potential as a dual-modality tumor imaging agent. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  9. In vitro and in vivo comparison of binding of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26.

    PubMed

    Watanabe, N; Oriuchi, N; Sugiyama, S; Kuroki, M; Matsuoka, Y; Tanada, S; Murata, H; Inoue, T; Sasaki, Y

    1999-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for radio-immunodetection (RAID) of murine anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) F33-104 labeled with technetium-99m (99m-Tc) by a reduction-mediated labeling method. The binding capacity of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA by means of in vitro procedures such as immunoradiometric assay and cell binding assay and the biodistribution of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 in normal nude mice and nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 tumor were investigated and compared with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26. The in vitro binding rate of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA in solution and attached to the cell membrane was significantly higher than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/261 (31.4 +/- 0.95% vs. 11.9 +/- 0.55% at 100 ng/mL of soluble CEA, 83.5 +/- 2.84% vs. 54.0 +/- 2.54% at 10(7) of LS 180 cells). In vivo, accumulation of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 was higher at 18 h postinjection than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26 (20.1 +/- 3.50% ID/g vs. 14.4 +/- 3.30% ID/g). 99m-Tc-activity in the kidneys of nude mice bearing tumor was higher at 18 h postinjection than at 3 h (12.8 +/- 2.10% ID/g vs. 8.01 +/- 2.40% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104, 10.7 +/- 1.70% ID/g vs. 8.10 +/- 1.75% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26). 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 is a potential novel agent for RAID of recurrent colorectal cancer.

  10. Bioinorganic Activity of Technetium Radiopharmaceuticals.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pinkerton, Thomas C.; And Others

    1985-01-01

    Technetium radiopharmaceuticals are diagnostic imaging agents used in the field of nuclear medicine to visualize tissues, anatomical structures, and metabolic disorders. Bioavailability of technetium complexes, thyroid imaging, brain imaging, kidney imaging, imaging liver function, bone imaging, and heart imaging are the major areas discussed. (JN)

  11. Rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl, {M(CO)3} (+) (M = Tc, Re), binding to mammalian metallothioneins: new insights into chemical and radiopharmaceutical implications.

    PubMed

    Lecina, Joan; Palacios, Òscar; Atrian, Sílvia; Capdevila, Mercè; Suades, Joan

    2015-04-01

    This paper deals with the binding of the four mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) to the organometallic metal fragment {fac-M(CO)3}(+) (M = (99)Tc, Re), which is highly promising for the preparation of second-generation radiopharmaceuticals. The study of the transmetallation reaction between zinc and rhenium in Zn7-MT1 by means of UV-vis and CD spectroscopy demonstrated the incorporation of the {fac-Re(CO)3}(+) fragment to the MTs. This reaction should be performed at 70 °C to accelerate the reaction rate, a result that is consistent with the reported reactivity of the rhenium fragment. ESI-TOF MS demonstrated the formation of mixed-metal species as Zn6,{Re(CO)3}-MT, Zn6,{Re(CO)3}2-MT, and Zn5,{Re(CO)3}3-MT, as well as the different reactivity of the four MT isoforms. Hence, Zn-MT3 showed the highest reactivity, in agreement with its high Cu-thionein character, whereas Zn-MT2 exhibited the lowest reactivity, in line with its high Zn-thionein character. The reactivity of the Zn-loaded forms of MT1 and MT4 is intermediate between those of MT3 and MT2. The study of the binding of the {fac-(99)Tc(CO)3}(+) fragment to MTs showed a significant and very interesting different reactivity in relation to rhenium. The transmetallation reaction is much more effective with technetium than with rhenium and significant amounts of mixed Zn x ,{(99)Tc(CO)3} y -MT species were formed with the four MT isoforms whereas only MT3 rendered similar amounts of rhenium derivatives. The results obtained in this study support the possible use of technetium for labelling mammalian metallothioneins and also for possible radiopharmaceutical applications.

  12. Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: impaired myocardial energy metabolism in regions with reduced 99mTc-MIBI accumulation.

    PubMed

    Moka, D; Baer, F M; Theissen, P; Schneider, C A; Dietlein, M; Erdmann, E; Schicha, H

    2001-05-01

    Reduced regional technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) accumulation in patients with chronic non-Q-wave infarction (NQWI) but without significant coronary artery stenosis indicates non-transmural damage of the myocardial wall. The aim of this study was to characterise cardiac energy metabolism after NQWI using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and to compare the biochemical remodelling with changes in regional 99mTc-MIBI uptake and with morphological and functional parameters assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fifteen patients with a history of NQWI, exclusion of significant coronary artery stenosis (<50% diameter stenosis) and hypokinesia of the anterior wall (group A) were examined with 31P-MRS to study the effects of NQWI on myocardial energy metabolism. Spectroscopic measurements were performed in the infarct-related myocardial region. Corresponding gradient-echo MR images and myocardial 99mTc-MIBI single-photon emission tomography images were acquired for exact localisation of the infarct region. All examinations were performed at rest under anti-ischaemic medication. Data were compared with those of patients in whom coronary artery disease had been excluded by angiography (group B, n=10). All patients of group A displayed anterior wall hypokinesia in the infarcted area on both ventriculography and MRI, with a reduced myocardial accumulation of 99mTc-MIBI (66.3%+/-11.8% vs 95.6%+/-2.2% in group B). The mean wall thickness during the complete cardiac cycle (9.5+/-1.8 mm vs 13.1+/-1.1 mm in group B, P<0.001), the systolic wall thickening (2.6+/-1.4 mm vs 5.8+/-1.5 mm in group B, P<0.01) and the phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio (1.12+/-0.22 vs 1.74+/-0.23 in group B, P<0.01) in the hypokinetic area were all significantly reduced. It is concluded that persisting hypokinetic myocardium after NQWI combined with reduced myocellular uptake of 99mTc-MIBI displays a reduced PCr/ATP ratio. Our results indicate

  13. Design and evaluation of new Tc-99m-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptides for melanoma imaging.

    PubMed

    Guo, Haixun; Gallazzi, Fabio; Miao, Yubin

    2013-04-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of new (99m)Tc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides using bifunctional chelating agents. MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc-AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), (99m)Tc(CO)3-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h postinjection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The IC50 values of MAG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSH(hex), and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 1.0 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.19, and 0.6 ± 0.04 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four (99m)Tc-peptides, (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (14.14 ± 4.90% ID/g) and fastest urinary clearance (91.26 ± 1.96% ID) at 2 h postinjection. (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) were 2.50 and 3.55 at 4 and 24 h postinjection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of (99m)Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSH(hex) highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future.

  14. Design and Evaluation of New Tc-99m-Labeled Lactam Bridge-Cyclized Alpha-MSH Peptides for Melanoma Imaging

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Haixun; Gallazzi, Fabio; Miao, Yubin

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of new 99mTc-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides using bifunctional chelating agents. MAG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex peptides were synthesized and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution of 99mTc-MAG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, 99mTc-AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, 99mTc(CO)3-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex and 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice at 2 h post-injection to select a lead peptide for further evaluation. The melanoma targeting and imaging properties of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were further examined because of its high melanoma uptake and fast urinary clearance. The IC50 values of MAG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex, AcCG3-GGNle-CycMSHhex and HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were 1.0 ± 0.05, 1.2 ± 0.19 and 0.6 ± 0.04 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells, respectively. Among these four 99mTc-peptides, 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex exhibited the highest melanoma uptake (14.14 ± 4.90% ID/g) and fastest urinary clearance (91.26 ± 1.96% ID) at 2 h post-injection. 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex showed high tumor to normal organ uptake ratios except for the kidneys. The tumor/kidney uptake ratios of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex were 2.50 and 3.55 at 4 and 24 h post-injection. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection. Overall, high melanoma uptake coupled with fast urinary clearance of 99mTc(EDDA)-HYNIC-GGNle-CycMSHhex highlighted its potential for metastatic melanoma detection in the future. PMID:23418722

  15. Rhenium and technetium complexes that bind to amyloid-β plaques.

    PubMed

    Hayne, David J; North, Andrea J; Fodero-Tavoletti, Michelle; White, Jonathan M; Hung, Lin W; Rigopoulos, Angela; McLean, Catriona A; Adlard, Paul A; Ackermann, Uwe; Tochon-Danguy, Henri; Villemagne, Victor L; Barnham, Kevin J; Donnelly, Paul S

    2015-03-21

    Alzheimer's disease is associated with the presence of insoluble protein deposits in the brain called amyloid plaques. The major constituent of these deposits is aggregated amyloid-β peptide. Technetium-99m complexes that bind to amyloid-β plaques could provide important diagnostic information on amyloid-β plaque burden using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). Tridentate ligands with a stilbene functional group were used to form complexes with the fac-[M(I)(CO)3](+) (M = Re or (99m)Tc) core. The rhenium carbonyl complexes with tridentate co-ligands that included a stilbene functional group and a dimethylamino substituent bound to amyloid-β present in human frontal cortex brain tissue from subjects with Alzheimer's disease. This chemistry was extended to make the analogous [(99m)Tc(I)(CO)3](+) complexes and the complexes were sufficiently stable in human serum. Whilst the lipophilicity (log D7.4) of the technetium complexes appeared ideally suited for penetration of the blood-brain barrier, preliminary biodistribution studies in an AD mouse model (APP/PS1) revealed relatively low brain uptake (0.24% ID g(-1) at 2 min post injection).

  16. Candidate Low-Temperature Glass Waste Forms for Technetium-99 Recovered from Hanford Effluent Management Facility Evaporator Concentrate

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ding, Mei; Tang, Ming; Rim, Jung Ho

    Alternative treatment and disposition options may exist for technetium-99 (99Tc) in secondary liquid waste from the Hanford Direct-Feed Low-Activity Waste (DFLAW) process. One approach includes development of an alternate glass waste form that is suitable for on-site disposition of technetium, including salts and other species recovered by ion exchange or precipitation from the EMF evaporator concentrate. By recovering the Tc content from the stream, and not recycling the treated concentrate, the DFLAW process can potentially be operated in a more efficient manner that lowers the cost to the Department of Energy. This report provides a survey of candidate glass formulationsmore » and glass-making processes that can potentially incorporate technetium at temperatures <700 °C to avoid volatilization. Three candidate technetium feed streams are considered: (1) dilute sodium pertechnetate loaded on a non-elutable ion exchange resin; (2) dilute sodium-bearing aqueous eluent from ion exchange recovery of pertechnetate, or (3) technetium(IV) oxide precipitate containing Sn and Cr solids in an aqueous slurry. From the technical literature, promising candidate glasses are identified based on their processing temperatures and chemical durability data. The suitability and technical risk of three low-temperature glass processing routes (vitrification, encapsulation by sintering into a glass composite material, and sol-gel chemical condensation) for the three waste streams was assessed, based on available low-temperature glass data. For a subset of candidate glasses, their long-term thermodynamic behavior with exposure to water and oxygen was modeled using Geochemist’s Workbench, with and without addition of reducing stannous ion. For further evaluation and development, encapsulation of precipitated TcO2/Sn/Cr in a glass composite material based on lead-free sealing glasses is recommended as a high priority. Vitrification of pertechnetate in aqueous anion exchange eluent

  17. (1→3)-β-D-glucan aptamers labeled with technetium-99m: Biodistribution and imaging in experimental models of bacterial and fungal infection.

    PubMed

    de Sousa Lacerda, Camila Maria; Ferreira, Iêda Mendes; Dos Santos, Sara Roberta; de Barros, André Luís Branco; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

    2017-03-01

    Acid nucleic aptamers are RNA or DNA oligonucleotides capable of binding to a target molecule with high affinity and selectivity. These molecules are promising tools in nuclear medicine. Many aptamers have been used as targeting molecule of radiopharmaceuticals in preclinical studies. (1→3)-β-D-glucans are the main structural cell wall components of fungi and some bacteria. In the present study two radiolabeled (1→3)-β-D-glucan aptamers (seq6 and seq30) were evaluated to identity infectious foci caused by fungal or bacterial cells. Aptamer labeling with 99m Tc was performed by the direct method and biodistribution studies were accomplished in Swiss mice (n=6) infected in the right thigh muscle with Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. A 99m Tc radiolabeled library consisting of oligonucleotides with random sequences was used as control. There was a higher uptake of 99m Tc radiolabeled aptamers in the infected thigh than in the left thigh muscle (non-infected) in the S. aureus infected animals. The target/non-target ratios were 3.17±0.22 for seq6 and 2.66±0.10 for seq30. These ratios were statistically higher than the value (1.54±0.05) found for the radiolabeled library (control). With regard to biodistribution, no statistical difference was verified between aptamers and control uptakes in the infection foci in the C. albicans infected animals. The target/non-target ratios were 1.53±0.03, 1.64±0.12 and 1.08±0.02 for radiolabeled library, seq6 and seq30, respectively. Scintigraphic imaging of infected foci using radiolabeled aptamers was possible only for S. aureus infected mice. Seq6 and seq30 aptamers proved to be inefficient for diagnosis of C. albicans infection. Nevertheless, their applicability for diagnosis of S. aureus and other bacterial infections by scintigraphy should be further explored. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Method and kit for the selective labeling of red blood cells in whole blood with TC-99M

    DOEpatents

    Srivastava, Suresh C.; Babich, John W.; Straub, Rita; Richards, Powell

    1988-01-01

    Disclosed herein are a method and kit for the preparation of .sup.99m Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available therein for the reduction of technetium.

  19. /sup 99m/Tc-fibrinogen scanning in adult respiratory distress syndrome

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Quinn, D.A.; Carvalho, A.C.; Geller, E.

    1987-01-01

    Fibrin is often seen occluding the lung vessels of patients dying from ARDS and is surrounded by regions of lung necrosis. To learn if we could observe increased or focal fibrin deposition and assess the kinetics of plasma fibrinogen turnover during severe acute respiratory failure, we injected technetium 99m-labeled human purified fibrinogen (Tc-HF) and used gamma camera scanning for as long as 12 h in 13 sequential patients as soon as possible after ICU admission. The fibrinogen uptake rates were determined by calculating the lung:heart radioactivity ratios at each time point. Slopes of the lung:heart ratio versus time were comparedmore » between ARDS and mild acute respiratory failure (ARF). The slope of the lung:heart Tc-HF ratio of the 9 patients with ARDS (2.9 +/- 0.4 units) was markedly higher (p less than 0.02) than the slope of the 4 patients with mild ARF (1.1 +/- 0.4) and the 3 patients studied 5 to 9 months after recovery from respiratory failure (0.7 +/- 0.07). In the 1 patient with ARDS and the 2 patients with mild ARF studied both during acute lung injury and after recovery, the lung:heart Tc-HF ratio had decreased at recovery. To compare the pulmonary uptake of Tc-HF to /sup 99m/Tc-labeled human serum albumin (Tc-HSA), 5 patients were injected with 10 mCi of Tc-HSA, and scanning of the thorax was performed with a similar sequential imaging protocol 24 h after conclusion of the Tc-HF study.« less

  20. 99mTc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP peptide for MCF-7 breast tumor targeting and imaging.

    PubMed

    Ahmadpour, Sajjad; Noaparast, Zohreh; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal

    2018-02-19

    Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the world. Development of novel tumor-specific radiopharmaceuticals for early breast tumor diagnosis is highly desirable. In this study we developed 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-Lys-FROP peptide with the ability of specific binding to MCF-7 breast tumor. The FROP-1 peptide was conjugated with the bifunctional chelator hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) and labeled with 99m Tc using tricine/EDDA co-ligand. The cellular specific binding of 99m Tc-HYNIC-FROP was evaluated on different cell lines as well as with blocking experiment on MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma). The tumor targeting and imaging of this labeled peptide were performed on MCF-7 tumor bearing mice. Radiochemical purity for 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP was 99% which was determined with ITLC method. This radiolabeled peptide showed high stability in normal saline and serum about 98% which was monitored with HPLC method. In saturation binding experiments, the binding constant (K d ) to MCF-7 cells was determined to be 158 nM. Biodistribution results revealed that the 99m Tc-HYNIC-FROP was mainly exerted from urinary route. The maximum tumor uptake was found after 30 min post injection (p.i.); however maximum tumor/muscle ratio was seen at 15 min p.i. The tumor uptake of this labeled peptide was specific and blocked by co-injection of excess FROP. According to the planar gamma imaging result, tumor was clearly visible due to the tumor uptake of 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP in mouse after 15 min p.i. The 99m Tc-HYNIC-(tricine/EDDA)-FROP is considered a promising probe with high specific binding to MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

  1. In vivo imaging of tumour angiogenesis in mice with the alpha(v)beta (3) integrin-targeted tracer 99mTc-RAFT-RGD.

    PubMed

    Sancey, Lucie; Ardisson, Valérie; Riou, Laurent M; Ahmadi, Mitra; Marti-Batlle, Danièle; Boturyn, Didier; Dumy, Pascal; Fagret, Daniel; Ghezzi, Catherine; Vuillez, Jean-Philippe

    2007-12-01

    The molecular imaging of tumour neoangiogenesis currently represents a major field of research for the diagnostic and treatment strategy of solid tumours. Endothelial cells from tumour neovessels overexpress the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, which selectively binds to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides. We evaluated the potential of the novel radiotracer (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD for the non-invasive molecular imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression in mice models of tumour development. (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD, (99m)Tc-cRGD (specific control) and (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD (non-specific control) were injected intravenously to mice bearing B16F0 or TS/A-pc tumours. In vivo whole-body tomographic imaging and post-mortem biodistribution studies were performed 60 min following tracer injection. Adjacent tumour slices were used to compare the localisation of neovessels from immunostaining and the pattern of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD uptake from autoradiographic ex vivo imaging. Biodistribution studies indicated that (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD tumour uptake was significantly higher than that of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD in B16F0 (2.4+/-0.5 vs 1.0+/-0.1%ID/g, respectively) and in TS/A-pc tumours (2.7+/-0.8 vs 0.7+/-0.1%ID/g, respectively). Immunohistochemical and autoradiographic studies indicated that (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD intratumoural uptake preferentially occurred in angiogenic areas. Tomographic imaging allowed tumour visualisation following injection of (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD and (99m)Tc-cRGD with similar tumour-to-contralateral muscle (T/CM) ratios in B16F0 and in TS/A-pc tumours whereas (99m)Tc-RAFT-RAD T/CM ratios did not allow tumour imaging. In accordance with the higher level of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression on TS/A-pc tumours than on B16F0 tumours as determined from western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses, the (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD T/CM ratio was significantly higher in TS/A-pc than in B16F0 tumours. (99m)Tc-RAFT-RGD allowed the in vivo imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin tumour expression.

  2. Method and kit for the selective labeling of red blood cells in whole blood with Tc-99m

    DOEpatents

    Srivastava, S.C.; Babich, J.W.; Straub, R.; Richards, P.

    1988-07-05

    Disclosed herein are a method and kit for the preparation of [sup 99m]Tc labeled red blood cells using whole blood in a closed sterile system containing stannous tin in a form such that it will enter the red blood cells and be available for the reduction of technetium. No Drawings

  3. Multimodality imaging using SPECT/CT and MRI and ligand functionalized 99mTc-labeled magnetic microbubbles

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background In the present study, we used multimodal imaging to investigate biodistribution in rats after intravenous administration of a new 99mTc-labeled delivery system consisting of polymer-shelled microbubbles (MBs) functionalized with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), thiolated poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), chitosan, 1,4,7-triacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA), NOTA-super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), or DTPA-SPION. Methods Examinations utilizing planar dynamic scintigraphy and hybrid imaging were performed using a commercially available single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) system. For SPION containing MBs, the biodistribution pattern of 99mTc-labeled NOTA-SPION and DTPA-SPION MBs was investigated and co-registered using fusion SPECT/CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, to evaluate the biodistribution, organs were removed and radioactivity was measured and calculated as percentage of injected dose. Results SPECT/CT and MRI showed that the distribution of 99mTc-labeled ligand-functionalized MBs varied with the type of ligand as well as with the presence of SPION. The highest uptake was observed in the lungs 1 h post injection of 99mTc-labeled DTPA and chitosan MBs, while a similar distribution to the lungs and the liver was seen after the administration of PMAA MBs. The highest counts of 99mTc-labeled NOTA-SPION and DTPA-SPION MBs were observed in the lungs, liver, and kidneys 1 h post injection. The highest counts were observed in the liver, spleen, and kidneys as confirmed by MRI 24 h post injection. Furthermore, the results obtained from organ measurements were in good agreement with those obtained from SPECT/CT. Conclusions In conclusion, microbubbles functionalized by different ligands can be labeled with radiotracers and utilized for SPECT/CT imaging, while the incorporation of SPION in MB shells enables imaging using MR. Our investigation revealed that biodistribution

  4. Radioguided localisation of impalpable breast lesions using 99m-Technetium macroaggregated albumin: Lessons learnt during introduction of a new technique to guide preoperative localisation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Landman, Joanne; Kulawansa, Sagarika; McCarthy, Michael

    2015-03-15

    Preoperative wire-guided localisation (WGL) of impalpable breast lesions is widely used but can be technically difficult. Risks include wire migration, inaccurate placement, and inadequate surgical margins. Research shows that radioguided occult lesion localisation (ROLL) is quicker, easier, and can improve surgical and cosmetic outcomes. An audited introduction of ROLL was conducted to validate the technique as a feasible alternative to WGL. Fifty patients with single impalpable lesions and biopsy proven malignancy or indeterminate histology underwent WGL followed by intralesional radiopharmaceutical injection of 99m-Technetium macroaggregated albumin. Postprocedural mammography was performed to demonstrate wire position, and scintigraphy to evaluate radiopharmaceutical migration. Lymphoscintigraphymore » and intraoperative sentinel node biopsy were performed if indicated, followed by lesion localisation and excision using a gamma probe. Specimen imaging was performed, with immediate reexcision for visibly inadequate margins. Accurate localisation was achieved in 86% of patients with ROLL compared to 72% with WGL. All lesions were successfully removed, with clear margins in 71.8% of malignant lesions. Reexcision and intraoperative sentinel node localisation rates were equivalent to preaudit figures for WGL. ROLL was easy to perform and problems were infrequent. Inaccurate radiopharmaceutical placement necessitating WGL occurred in four patients. Minor radiopharmaceutical migration was common, but precluded using ROLL in only two cases. ROLL is effective, simple, inexpensive, and easily learnt; however, preoperative confirmation of correct radiopharmaceutical placement using mammography and the gamma probe is important to help ensure successful lesion removal. Insertion of a backup hookwire is recommended during the initial introduction of ROLL.« less

  5. Metastatic melanoma imaging using a novel Tc-99m-labeled lactam-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide.

    PubMed

    Liu, Liqin; Xu, Jingli; Yang, Jianquan; Feng, Changjian; Miao, Yubin

    2017-11-15

    The purpose of this study was to determine the metastatic melanoma imaging property of 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSH hex {hydrazinonicotinamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-CONH 2 }. HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSH hex was synthesized using fluorenylmethyloxy carbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry. The IC 50 value of HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSH hex was 0.78 ± 0.13 nM for B16/F10 melanoma cells. 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSH hex displayed significantly higher uptake (14.26 ± 2.74 and 10.45 ± 2.31% ID/g) in B16/F10 metastatic melanoma-bearing lung than that in normal lung (0.90 ± 0.15 and 0.53 ± 0.14% ID/g) at 2 and 4 h post-injection, respectively. B16/F10 pulmonary metastatic melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-Aoc-Nle-CycMSH hex as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection, underscoring its potential as an imaging probe for metastatic melanoma detection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Technetium-99m-HMPAO as a marker of chemical and irradiation lung injury: Experimental and clinical investigations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Suga, Kazuyoshi; Uchisako, Hiromichi; Nishigauchi, Kazuya

    1994-09-01

    The authors evaluated the ability of {sup 99m}Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) to serve as a sensitive marker of lung injury. Two experiment rabbit models of minimal lung injury were designed using injections of a low dose (0.05 ml/kg) of oleic acid or 50 Gy of irradiation. In addition, they clinically investigated whether patients who received chemotherapy (n = 14) or radiotherapy (n = 13) for lung cancer showed high uptake of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO in the lungs. Despite the minimal endothelial lesions visualized by electron microscopy (edematous changes and blebbing), in both animal models, the lungs showed high uptake of {supmore » 99m}Tc-HMPAO, which occurred rapidly within 1 min after injection. Clinically, the mean lung-to-liver ratio of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO activity in the patients who received chemotherapy (0.649{+-}0.185, p < 0.01) was significantly higher than that of the controls (n = 16; 0.387{+-}0.108), and all 12 patients who received more than 30 Gy of irradiation showed abnormal uptake in the irradiated lungs, despite the lack of abnormal opacities on chest CT. These findings suggest that {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO has the potential to be a sensitive marker of chemical and irradiation lung injury. 53 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  7. 99m Tc-tazobactam, a novel infection imaging agent: Radiosynthesis, quality control, biodistribution, and infection imaging studies.

    PubMed

    Rasheed, Rashid; Naqvi, Syed Ali Raza; Gillani, Syed Jawad Hussain; Zahoor, Ameer Fawad; Jielani, Asif; Saeed, Nidda

    2017-05-15

    The radiolabeled drug 99m Tc-tazobactam ( 99m Tc-TZB) was developed and assessed as an infection imaging agent in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica infection-induced animal models by comparing with inflammation induced animal models. Radiosynthesis of 99m Tc-TZB was assessed while changing ligand concentration, reducing agent concentration, pH, and reaction time while keeping radioactivity constant (~370 MBq). Percent labeling of the resulting complex was measured using paper chromatography and instant thin layer chromatography. The analysis of the 99m Tc-TZB complex indicated >95% labeling yield and electrophoresis revealed complex is neutral in nature. The biodistribution study also showed predominantly renal excretion; however liver, stomach, and intestine also showed slight tracer agent uptake. The agent significantly accumulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica infection induced tissues 3.58 ± 0.26% and 2.43 ± 0.42% respectively at 1 hour postinjection. The inflamed tissue failed to uptake noticeable activity at 1 hour time point. The scintigraphic study results were found in accordance with biodistribution pattern. On the basis of our preliminary results, the newly developed 99m Tc-TZB can be used to diagnose bacterial infection and to discriminate between infected and inflamed tissues. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  8. Evaluation of New Tc-99m-Labeled Arg-X-Asp-Conjugated Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptides for Melanoma Imaging

    PubMed Central

    Flook, Adam M.; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

    2013-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of two new 99mTc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH {c[Asp-Arg-Thr-Asp-DTyr]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2} and RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH peptides were synthesized and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution and melanoma imaging properties of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The IC50 values of RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH were 0.7 ± 0.07 and 1.0 ± 0.3 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Both 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH displayed high melanoma uptake. 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH exhibited the peak tumor uptake of 18.77 ± 5.13% ID/g at 2 h post-injection, whereas 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH reached the peak tumor uptake of 19.63 ± 4.68% ID/g at 4 h post-injection. Both 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH showed low accumulation in normal organs (<1.7% ID/g) except for the kidneys at 2 h post-injection. The renal uptake of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH was 135.14 ± 23.62 and 94.01 ± 18.31% ID/g at 2 h post-injection, respectively. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using either 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH or 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH as an imaging probe at 2 h post-injection. Overall, the introduction of Thr or Val residue retained high melanoma uptake of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH. However, high renal uptake of 99mTc-RTD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH and 99mTc-RVD-Lys-(Arg11)CCMSH need to be reduced to facilitate their future applications. PMID:23885640

  9. Evaluation of new Tc-99m-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptides for melanoma imaging.

    PubMed

    Flook, Adam M; Yang, Jianquan; Miao, Yubin

    2013-09-03

    The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma targeting and imaging properties of two new (99m)Tc-labeled Arg-X-Asp-conjugated α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptides. RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH {c[Asp-Arg-Thr-Asp-DTyr]-Lys-Cys-Cys-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Cys-Arg-Pro-Val-NH2} and RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH peptides were synthesized, and their melanocortin-1 (MC1) receptor binding affinities were determined in B16/F1 melanoma cells. The biodistribution and melanoma imaging properties of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The IC50 values of RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH were 0.7 ± 0.07 and 1.0 ± 0.3 nM in B16/F1 melanoma cells. Both (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH displayed high melanoma uptake. (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH exhibited the highest tumor uptake of 18.77 ± 5.13% ID/g at 2 h postinjection, whereas (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH reached the highest tumor uptake of 19.63 ± 4.68% ID/g at 4 h postinjection. Both (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH showed low accumulation in normal organs (<1.7% ID/g) except for the kidneys at 2 h postinjection. The renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH was 135.14 ± 23.62 and 94.01 ± 18.31% ID/g at 2 h postinjection, respectively. The melanoma lesions were clearly visualized by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using either (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH or (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH as an imaging probe at 2 h postinjection. Overall, the introduction of Thr or Val residue retained high melanoma uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH. However, high renal uptake of (99m)Tc-RTD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)Tc-RVD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH need to be reduced to facilitate their future applications.

  10. Development of kit formulations for (99m) TcN-MPO: a cationic radiotracer for myocardial perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Zheng, Yumin; Ji, Shundong; Tomaselli, Elena; Liu, Shuang

    2014-07-01

    The objective of this study was to develop a kit formulation for [(99m) TcN(mpo)(PNP5)](+) (MPO = 2-mercaptopyridine oxide), ((99m) TcN-MPO) to support its clinical evaluations as a SPECT radiotracer. Radiolabeling studies were performed using three different formulations (two-vial formulation and single-vial formulations with/without SnCl2 ) to explore the factors influencing radiochemical purity (RCP) of (99m) TcN-MPO. We found that the most important factor affecting the RCP of (99m) TcN-MPO was the purity of PNP5. (99m) TcN-MPO was prepared >98% RCP (n = 20) using the two-vial formulation. For single-vial formulations with/without SnCl2 , β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is particularly useful as a stabilizer for PNP5. The RCP of (99m) TcN-MPO was 95-98% using β-CD, but its RCP was only 90-93% with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). It seems that PNP5 fits better into the inner cavity of β-CD, which forms more stable inclusion complex than γ-CD in the single-vial formulations. The results from biodistribution and imaging studies in Sprague-Dawley rats clearly demonstrated biological equivalence of three different formulations. Single photon-emission computed tomography data suggested that high quality images could be obtained at 0-30-min post-injection without significant interference from the liver radioactivity. Considering the ease for (99m) Tc-labeling and high RCP of (99m) TcN-MPO, the non-SnCl2 single-vial formulation is an attractive choice for future clinical studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  11. A preliminary study of imaging paclitaxel-induced tumor apoptosis with (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V.

    PubMed

    Zheng, Yu-min; Wang, Feng; Fang, Wei; Hua, Zi-chun; Wang, Zi-zheng; Meng, Qing-le; Yan, Jue

    2013-01-01

    In tumors the process of apoptosis occurs over an interval of time after chemotherapy. It is important to determine the best time for detecting apoptosis by in vivo imaging. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics and feasibility of imaging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis induced by paclitaxel treatment using a (99)Tc(m)-labeled Annexin V recombinant with ten consecutive histidines (His10-Annexin V) in a mouse model. (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was prepared by one step direct labeling; radio-chemical purity (RCP) and radio-stability was tested. The binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V to apoptotic cells was validated in vitro using camptothecin-induced Jurkat cells. In vivo bio-distribution was determined in mice by dissection. The human H460 NSCLC tumor cell line (H460) tumor-bearing mice were treated with intravenous paclitaxel 24, 48 and 72 hours later. (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V was injected intravenously, and planar images were acquired at 2, 4 and 6 hours post-injection on a dual-head gamma camera fitted with a pinhole collimator. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratios (T/NT) were calculated by ROI analysis and they reflected specific binding of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V. Mice were sacrificed after imaging. Caspase-3, as the apoptosis detector, was determined by flow cytometry, and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by the terminal deoxynucleotidytransferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Nonspecific accumulation of protein was estimated using bovine serum albumin (BSA). The imaging data were correlated with TUNEL-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activity. (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V had a RCP > 98% and high stability 2 hours after radio-labeling, and it could bind to apoptotic cells with high affinity. Bio-distribution of (99)Tc(m)-His10-Annexin V showed predominant uptake in kidney, relatively low uptake in myocardium, liver and gastrointestinal tract, and rapid clearance from blood and kidney was observed. The T/NT was significantly increased

  12. Organ distribution of technetium-99m-labeled Corynebacterium parvum in normal and tumor-bearing mice

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Barth, R.F.; Singla, O.

    1978-01-01

    The distribution patterns were studied for /sup 99m/Tc-labeled Corynebacterium parvum in normal and tumor-bearing mice. C57BL/6 mice were given i.v., i.p., or s.c. injections of 250 ..mu..g of /sup 99m/Tc-labeled C. parvum and killed at 10 min, 1, 4, and 24 hr. After iv. administration, labeled organisms were distributed primarily to the liver, the lungs, and the blood (46% of injected dose), followed by the gastrointestinal tract, the spleen, and the kidneys (11%). Total recoverable radioactivity, which was defined as the percentage of injected dose that was recovered, ranged from 59% at 10 min to 15% at 24 hr. Inmore » contrast to this, /sup 99m/TcS colloid, an inert particulate material, was localized almost entirely in the liver, and the amount recoverable remained constant over 24 hr. One hr after i.p. administration of /sup 99m/Tc-labeled C. parvum, the gastrointestinal tract accounted for 27% of the injected radioactivity, followed by liver, blood, and spleen (12%). This was rapidly excreted between 4 and 24 hr, at which time only 12% of the injected dose was recovered. The skin accounted for 54.6% of the injected radioactivity 1 hr after s.c. injection, 6% 4 hr after s.c. injection, and 0.8% at 24 hr after s.c. injection.« less

  13. Comparison of Biological Properties of 99mTc-Labeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Trimer and Dimer Useful as SPECT Radiotracers for Tumor Imaging

    PubMed Central

    Zhao, Zuo-Quan; Yang, Yong; Fang, Wei; Liu, Shuang

    2016-01-01

    Introduction This study sought to evaluate a 99mTc-labeled trimeric cyclic RGD peptide (99mTc-4P-RGD3) as the new radiotracer for tumor imaging. The objective was to compare its biological properties with those of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the same animal model. Methods HYNIC-4P-RGD3 was prepared by reacting 4P-RGD3 with excess HYNIC-OSu in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared using a kit formulation, and evaluated for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution properties in the BALB/c nude mice with U87MG human glioma xenografts. Planar and SPECT imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice with U87MG glioma xenografts. For comparison purpose, 99mTc-3P-RGD2 (a αvβ3-targeted radiotracer currently under clinical evaluation for tumor imaging in cancer patients) was also evaluated in the same animal models. Blocking experiments were used to demonstrate the αvβ3 specificity of 99mTc-4P-RGD3. Results 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared with >95% RCP and high specific activity (~200 GBq/µmol). 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2 shared almost identical tumor uptake and similar biodistribution properties. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 had higher uptake than 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the intestines and kidneys; but it showed better metabolic stability. The U87MG tumors were clearly visualized by SPECT with excellent contrast with 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2. Conclusion Increasing peptide multiplicity from 3P-RGD2 to 4P-RGD3 offers no advantages with respect to the tumor-targeting capability. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 is as good a SPECT radiotracer as 99mTc-3P-RGD2 for imaging αvβ3-positive tumors. PMID:27556955

  14. Noninvasive evaluation of active lower gastrointestinal bleeding: comparison between contrast-enhanced MDCT and 99mTc-labeled RBC scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Zink, Stephen I; Ohki, Stephen K; Stein, Barry; Zambuto, Domenic A; Rosenberg, Ronald J; Choi, Jenny J; Tubbs, Daniel S

    2008-10-01

    The purpose of our study was to compare contrast-enhanced MDCT and (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scanning for the evaluation of active lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Over 17 months, 55 patients (32 men, 23 women; age range, 21-92 years) were evaluated prospectively with contrast-enhanced MDCT using 100 mL of iopromide 300 mg I/mL. Technetium-99m-labeled RBC scans were obtained on 41 of 55 patients and select patients underwent angiography for attempted embolization. Each imaging technique was reviewed in a blinded fashion for sensitivity for detection of active bleeding as well as the active lower gastrointestinal bleeding location. Findings were positive on both examinations in eight patients and negative on both examinations in 20 patients. Findings were positive on contrast-enhanced MDCT and negative on (99m)Tc-labeled RBC in two patients; findings were negative on contrast-enhanced MDCT and positive on (99m)Tc-labeled RBC in 11 patients. Statistics showed significant disagreement, with simple agreement = 68.3%, kappa = 0.341, and p = 0.014. Sixteen of 60 (26.7%) contrast-enhanced MDCT scans were positive prospectively, with all accurately localizing the site of bleeding and identification of the underlying lesion in eight of 16 (50%). Nineteen of 41 (46.3%) (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scans were positive. Eighteen of 41 matched patients went on to angiography. In four of these 18 (22.2%) patients, the site of bleeding was confirmed by angiography, but in 14 of 18 (77.8%), the findings were negative. Contrast-enhanced MDCT and (99m)Tc-labeled RBC scanning show significant disagreement for evaluation of active lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Contrast-enhanced MDCT appears effective for detection and localization in cases of active lower gastrointestinal bleeding in which hemorrhage is active at the time of CT.

  15. Association of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma with thyroid cancer presenting as "trapping only" nodule at 99mTcO4- scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    dell'Erba, L; Gerundini, P; Caputo, M; Bagnasco, M

    2003-11-01

    Rarely may a non-hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule present as "hot" at Technetium-99m pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) and "cold" at radioiodine scintigraphy at late acquisitions. We report the case of a hyperthyroid female patient whose 99mTcO4- scintigraphy showed two "hot" nodules, whereas Iodide-131 (131I-) revealed a lack of indicator uptake by the larger, and intense uptake by the smaller nodule. The patient underwent surgery: histology demonstrated that the larger nodule, mismatched at pertechnetate vs iodine scintigraphy, was a papillary carcinoma. Our suggestion is to perform thyroid scintigraphy with radioiodine in hyperthyroid patients with more than one nodule concentrating pertechnetate, especially when an ultrasonographic pattern possibly suspect for malignancy is present.

  16. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC and (18)F-FDG in thyroid cancer patients with negative (131)I whole-body scans.

    PubMed

    Gabriel, Michael; Froehlich, Franz; Decristoforo, Clemens; Ensinger, Christian; Donnemiller, Eveline; von Guggenberg, Elisabeth; Heute, Dirk; Moncayo, Roy

    2004-03-01

    Several studies have reported on the expression of somatostatin receptors in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging abilities of a recently developed technetium-99m labelled somatostatin analogue, (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC ((99m)Tc-TOC), in terms of precise localisation of disease. The study population comprised 54 patients (24 men, 30 women; age range 22-90 years) with histologically confirmed DTC who presented with recurrent or persistent disease as indicated by elevated Tg levels after initial treatment. All patients were negative on the iodine-131 post-therapy whole-body scans. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) was performed in a subgroup of 36 patients. The study population consisted of two groups: Group A ( n=22) comprised patients with disease recurrence as shown by elevated Tg levels but without detectable pathology. In group B ( n=32), pre-existing lesions were known. Among the 54 cases, SSTR scintigraphy was true positive in 33 (61.1%), true negative in 4 (7.4%) and false negative in 17 (31.5%) cases, which resulted in a sensitivity of 66%. A total of 138 tumour foci were localised in 33 patients. The fraction of true positive (99m)Tc-TOC findings was positively correlated ( P<0.01) with elevated Tg levels (higher than 30 ng/ml). Despite two false positive findings, analysis on a lesion basis demonstrated better diagnostic efficacy with (18)F-FDG PET ( P<0.001); however, it also revealed substantial agreement between the imaging techniques [Cohen's kappa of 0.62 (0.47-0.78)]. In conclusion, scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-TOC might be a promising tool for treatment planning; it is easy to perform and showed sufficient accuracy for localisation diagnostics in thyroid cancer patients with recurrent or metastatic disease.

  17. A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled arginine-arginine-leucine-containing peptide as a multimodal tumor imaging agent in a murine tumor model.

    PubMed

    Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Seul-Gi; Kim, Dae-Weung

    2018-06-15

    We developed a Tc-99m and TAMRA-labeled peptide, Tc-99m arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) peptide (TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL), to target tumor cells and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor in a murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Binding affinity and in vitro cellular uptake studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution, and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with PC-3 tumors. Tumor tissue slides were prepared and analyzed with immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL complexes were prepared in high yield (>96%). The K d of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL determined by saturation binding was 41.7 ± 7.8 nM. Confocal microscopy images of PC-3 cells incubated with TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL showed strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm. Gamma camera imaging revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL in tumors. Tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the coinjection of an excess concentration of RRL. Specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging, and immunohistochemistry stain studies. In conclusion, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL in tumors. Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-RRL has potential as a dual-modality tumor imaging agent. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  18. Evaluation of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1 as a tumor-homing imaging agent targeting metastasis with SPECT.

    PubMed

    Li, Fei; Cheng, Teng; Dong, Qingjian; Wei, Rui; Zhang, Zhenzhong; Luo, Danfeng; Ma, Xiangyi; Wang, Shixuan; Gao, Qinglei; Ma, Ding; Zhu, Xiaohua; Xi, Ling

    2015-03-01

    TMTP1 (NVVRQ) is a novel tumor-homing peptide, which specifically targets tumor metastases, even at the early stage of occult metastasis foci. Fusing TMTP1 to therapeutic peptides or proteins can increase its anti-cancer efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we labeled TMTP1 with (99m)Tc to evaluate its targeting properties in an ovarian cancer xenograft tumor mouse model and a gastric cancer xenograft mouse model. The invasion ability of SKOV3 and highly metastatic SKOV3.ip cell lines were performed by the Transwell Invasion Assays, and then Rhodamine-TMTP1 was used to detect its affinity to these two cells. Using the co-ligand ethylenediamine-N, N'-diacetic acid (EDDA) and the bifunctional chelator 6-hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC), the TMTP1 peptide was labeled with (99m)Tc. A cell-binding assay was performed by incubating cancer cells with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1 with or without an excess dose of cold HYNIC-TMTP1. To evaluate the probe in vivo, nude mice bearing SKOV3, SKOV3.ip and MNK-45 tumor cells were established and subjected to SPECT imaging after injection with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1. Ex vivo γ-counting of dissected tissues from the mice was used to evaluate its biodistribution. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1 was successfully synthesized. The radiotracer also exhibited high hydrophilicity and excellent stability in vitro and in vivo. It has strong affinity to highly metastatic cancer cell lines but not to poorly metastatic cell lines. After mice were injected with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1, non-invasive SPECT imaging detected SKOV3.ip and MNK-45 xenograft tumors but not SKOV3 xenograft tumors. This result can be inhibited by excess HYNIC-TMTP1. The uptake of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1 in SKOV3.ip xenograft tumors was 0.182±0.017% ID/g at 2h p.i. with high renal uptake (74.32±15.05% ID/g at 2h p.i.). (99m)Tc-HYNIC-TMTP1 biodistribution and SPECT imaging demonstrated its ability to target highly metastatic tumors. Therefore, metastasis can be non-invasively investigated by SPECT

  19. Synthesis and evaluation of (99m)Tc chelate-conjugated bevacizumab.

    PubMed

    Camacho, Ximena; García, María Fernanda; Calzada, Victoria; Fernández, Marcelo; Porcal, Williams; Alonso, Omar; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Cabral, Pablo

    2013-03-01

    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the classic factors involved in tumor-induced angiognesis in several solid tumors. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, can be used as an imaging tool in preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to radiolabel Bevacizumab with (99m)Tc and to evaluate in vivo its imaging properties in an adenocarcinoma animal model. For this purpose, Bevacizumab was derivatized with Suc-HYNIC as a bifunctional coupling agent. A mixture of Tricine/SnCl(2).2H(2)O was added to Bevacizumab-HYNIC and radiolabeled with (99m)TcO(4)(-). The radiochemical stability of the radiolabeled antibody was assessed. Biodistribution and scintigraphy imaging were performed in normal CD1 female mice and in spontaneous adenocarcinoma tumor bearing CD1 mice (n = 5). We demonstrated that 99mTc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab was stable. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed that tumor uptake of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab was 1.37 ± 0.51% and 5.33 ± 2.13% at 4 and 24 h postinjection, respectively. Scintigraphy image studies showed tumor selective uptake of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab in the tumor-bearing mice. We conclude that (99m)Tc-HYNIC-Bevacizumb has the potential to be used as a tracer for tumor imaging in preclinical studies.

  20. Effective detection of the tumors causing osteomalacia using [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body scan.

    PubMed

    Jing, Hongli; Li, Fang; Zhuang, Hongming; Wang, Zhenghua; Tian, Jian; Xing, Xiaoping; Jin, Jin; Zhong, Dingrong; Zhang, Jingjing

    2013-11-01

    Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an endocrine disorder caused by tumors producing excessive fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23). The causative tumors are generally small, slow-growing benign mesenchymal tumors. The only cure of the disease depends on resection of the tumors, which are extremely difficult to localize due to their small sizes and rare locations. Since these tumors are known to express somatostatin receptors, this research was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of [Tc-99m]-HYNIC-octreotide (99mTc-HYNIC-TOC) whole body imaging in this clinical setting Images of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scans and clinical chart from 183 patients with hypophosphatemia and clinically suspected TIO were retrospectively reviewed. The scan findings were compared to the results of histopathological examinations and clinical follow-ups. Among 183 patients, 72 were confirmed to have TIO while 103 patients were found to have other causes of hypophosphatemia. The possibility of TIO could not be either diagnosed or excluded in the remaining 8 patients. For analytical purposes, these 8 patients who could neither be diagnosed nor excluded as having TIO were regarded as having the disease, bringing the total of TIO patients to 80. The 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scan identified 69 tumors in 80 patients with TIO, which rendered a sensitivity of 86.3% (69/80). 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC scintigraphy excluded 102 patients without TIO with a specificity of 99.1% (102/103). The overall accuracy of 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC whole body scan in the localization of tumors responsible for osteomalacia is 93.4% (171/183). Whole body 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC imaging is effective in the localization of occult tumors causing TIO. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Underscoring the influence of inorganic chemistry on nuclear imaging with radiometals.

    PubMed

    Zeglis, Brian M; Houghton, Jacob L; Evans, Michael J; Viola-Villegas, Nerissa; Lewis, Jason S

    2014-02-17

    Over the past several decades, radionuclides have matured from largely esoteric and experimental technologies to indispensible components of medical diagnostics. Driving this transition, in part, have been mutually necessary advances in biomedical engineering, nuclear medicine, and cancer biology. Somewhat unsung has been the seminal role of inorganic chemistry in fostering the development of new radiotracers. In this regard, the purpose of this Forum Article is to more visibly highlight the significant contributions of inorganic chemistry to nuclear imaging by detailing the development of five metal-based imaging agents: (64)Cu-ATSM, (68)Ga-DOTATOC, (89)Zr-transferrin, (99m)Tc-sestamibi, and (99m)Tc-colloids. In a concluding section, several unmet needs both in and out of the laboratory will be discussed to stimulate conversation between inorganic chemists and the imaging community.

  2. Underscoring the Influence of Inorganic Chemistry on Nuclear Imaging with Radiometals

    PubMed Central

    Zeglis, Brian M.; Houghton, Jacob L.; Evans, Michael J.; Viola-Villegas, Nerissa; Lewis, Jason S.

    2014-01-01

    Over the past several decades, radionuclides have matured from largely esoteric and experimental technologies to indispensible components of medical diagnostics. Driving this transition, in part, have been mutually necessary advances in biomedical engineering, nuclear medicine, and cancer biology. Somewhat unsung has been the seminal role of inorganic chemistry in fostering the development of new radiotracers. In this regard, the purpose of this Forum Article is to more visibly highlight the significant contributions of inorganic chemistry to nuclear imaging by detailing the development of five metal-based imaging agents: 64Cu-ATSM, 68Ga-DOTATOC, 89Zr-transferrin, 99mTc-sestamibi, and 99mTc-colloids. In a concluding section, several unmet needs both in and out of the laboratory will be discussed to stimulate conversation between inorganic chemists and the imaging community. PMID:24313747

  3. Phenolic aminocarboxylate chelates of 99mTc as hepatobiliary agents.

    PubMed

    Hunt, F C; Maddalena, D J; Wilson, J G; Bautovich, G J

    1986-01-01

    A series of alkyl- and halogen-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine di[o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid] (EDDHA) and N,N'-bis[2-hydroxybenzyl] ethylenediamine N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) were complexed with 99mTc and their biodistribution was determined in rats. All complexes displayed substantial hepatobiliary excretion; of each series, 99mTc-Br-EDDHA and 99mTc-di-Cl-HBED had the maximum amount in the gastrointestinal tract. Scintigraphic studies of 99mTc-Cl-EDDHA in dogs revealed prompt imaging of the liver followed by imaging of the gall bladder as the complex was excreted into the bile.

  4. Hepatopulmonary shunting on Tc99m-MAA liver mapping: correlation with dynamic cross-sectional imaging and description of different shunting patterns.

    PubMed

    Bermo, Mohammed; Matesan, Manuela C; Itani, Malak; Behnia, Fatemeh; Vesselle, Hubert J

    2018-04-09

    The purpose of the study was to correlate lung shunt fraction (LSF) calculated by intra-arterial injection of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m)-labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in a hepatic artery branch with the presence of certain patterns of vascular shunts on dynamic CT or MRI of the liver. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. We reviewed 523 MAA scans in 453 patients (301 men, 152 women) performed from July 2007 to June 2015 and their correlative cross-sectional imaging. Patterns of vascular shunts on dynamic CT or MRI performed within 3 months of the MAA study and that potentially divert hepatic arterial inflow to the systemic venous return were defined as "target shunts." Dynamic CT or MRI was classified into three groups with target shunt present, absent, or indeterminate. The mean LSF was compared across the first and second groups using paired t test. 342 CT and MRI studies met inclusion criteria: target shunts were present in 63 studies, absent in 271 studies, and 8 studies were indeterminate. When target shunts were visualized, the mean LSF on corresponding MAA scans was 12.9 ± 10.36% (95% CI 10.29-15.15%) compared to 4.3 ± 3.17% (95% CI 3.93-4.68%) when no target shunt was visualized. The difference was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). Identified target shunts were either direct (arteriohepatic venous shunt) or indirect (arterioportal shunt combined with a portosystemic shunt). Visualizing certain patterns of vascular shunting on a dynamic CT or MRI scan is associated with high LSF.

  5. Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m-labeled RRL-containing peptide as a non-invasive tumor imaging agent in a mouse fibrosarcoma model.

    PubMed

    Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

    2015-11-01

    Arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) is considered a tumor endothelial cell-specific binding sequence. RRL-containing peptide targeting tumor vessels is an excellent candidate for tumor imaging. In this study, we developed RRL-containing hexapeptides and evaluated their feasibility as a tumor imaging agent in a HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing murine model. The hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-RRL was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. Uptake of Tc-99m ECG-RRL within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro by confocal microscopy and cellular binding affinity was calculated. Gamma images were acquired In HT-1080 fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice, and the tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio was calculated. The inflammatory-to-normal muscle uptake ratio was also calculated in an inflammation mouse model. A biodistribution study was performed to calculate %ID/g. A high yield of Tc-99m ECG-RRL complexes was prepared after Tc-99m radiolabeling. Binding of Tc-99m ECG-RRL to tumor cells had was confirmed by in vitro studies. Gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-RRL accumulated substantially in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor and that tumoral uptake was blocked by co-injecting excess RRL. Moreover, Tc-99m ECG-RRL accumulated minimally in inflammatory lesions. We successfully developed Tc-99m ECG-RRL as a new tumor imaging candidate. Specific tumoral uptake of Tc-99m ECG-RRL was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and it was determined to be a good tumor imaging candidate. Additionally, Tc-99m ECG-RRL effectively distinguished between cancerous tissue and inflammatory lesions.

  6. Targeted imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors with 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Lys3]-bombesin: biokinetics and dosimetry in women.

    PubMed

    Santos-Cuevas, Clara L; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Arteaga de Murphy, Consuelo; Pichardo-Romero, Pablo A

    2008-08-01

    The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) is expressed in several normal human tissues and is overexpressed in various human tumors including breast, prostate, small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Recently, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-[Lys]-bombesin (99mTc-HYNIC-BN) was reported as a radiopharmaceutical with high stability in human serum, specific cell GRP-R binding and rapid cell internalization. The aim of this study was to determine the biokinetics and dosimetry of 99mTc-HYNIC-BN and the feasibility of using this radiopharmaceutical to image GRP-R in four early breast cancer patients and seven healthy women. Whole-body images were acquired at 20, 90, 180 min, and 24 h after 99mTc-HYNIC-BN administration. The same regions of interest were drawn around source organs on each time frame and regions of interest were converted to activity (conjugate view counting method). The image sequence was used to extrapolate 99mTc-HYNIC-BN time-activity curves in each organ to calculate the total number of disintegrations (N) that occurred in the source regions. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM code to calculate internal radiation dose estimates. 99mTc-HYNIC-BN had a rapid blood clearance with mainly renal excretion. No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the radiation-absorbed doses among cancer patients and healthy women were observed. The average equivalent doses (n=11) were 24.8+/-8.8 mSv (kidneys), 7.3+/-1.8 mSv (lungs), 6.5+/-4.0 mSv (breast), 2.0+/-0.3 mSv (pancreas), 1.6+/-0.3 mSv (liver), 1.2+/-0.2 mSv (ovaries), and 1.0+/-0.2 mSv (red marrow). The effective dose was 3.3+/-0.6 mSv. The images showed well-differentiated concentration of 99mTc-HYNIC-BN in cancer mammary tissue. All the absorbed doses were comparable with those known for most of the 99mTc studies. 99mTc-HYNIC-BN shows high tumor uptake in breasts with malignant tumors so it is a promising imaging radiopharmaceutical to target site-specific early breast cancer. The results obtained

  7. Radiolabeled, nonspecific, polyclonal human immunoglobulin in the detection of focal inflammation by scintigraphy: Comparison with gallium-67 citrate and technetium-99m-labeled albumin

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rubin, R.H.; Fischman, A.J.; Needleman, M.

    1989-03-01

    The accumulation of nonspecific polyclonal human immunoglobulin (IgG) radiolabeled with /sup 125/I or /sup 111/In was compared to that of (/sup 67/Ga)citrate and (/sup 99m/Tc)albumin in rats with deep thigh inflammation due to Escherichia coli infection. Serial scintigrams were acquired at 1, 3, 24, and in some cases, 48 hr after injection. As early as 3 hr postinjection, (/sup 111/In)IgG showed greater accumulation at the lesion than (/sup 99m/Tc)HSA (p less than 0.01). Both (/sup 125/I)IgG and (/sup 111/In)IgG showed greater accumulation than (/sup 67/Ga)citrate (p less than 0.01). At 24 hr, IgG image definition increased, while HSA image definitionmore » decreased, and the intensity of accumulation of both IgG preparations was greater than that of (/sup 67/Ga)citrate or (/sup 99m/Tc)HSA (p less than 0.01). At all imaging times, (/sup 67/Ga)citrate accumulation was surprisingly low. In inflammation produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, or turpentine, (/sup 111/In)IgG accumulation was similar to the results obtained with Escherichia coli. These studies suggest that focal sites of inflammation can be detected with radiolabeled nonspecific human polyclonal IgG.« less

  8. A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence labeled peptide as a multimodal imaging agent for targeting angiogenesis in a murine hindlimb ischemia model.

    PubMed

    Hyoun Kim, Myoung; Kim, Seul-Gi; Guhn Kim, Chang; Kim, Dae-Weung

    2017-03-01

    The serine-aspartic acid-valine (SDV) peptide binds specifically to integrin αvβ3. We developed a Tc-99m and TAMRA labeled peptide, Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA for multimodal imaging of angiogenesis. Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA was prepared in high yield (>96%) and showed low cytotoxicity. Tc-99m tetrofosmin images 1 week after operation, revealed significantly decreased perfusion of the ischemic hindlimb, and the perfusion recovered gradually for 4 weeks. In contrast, Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA uptake was maximal 1 week after the operation (ischemic-to-non-ischemic uptake ratio =5.03±1.01) and decreased gradually. The ischemic-to-non-ischemic ratio of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA and Tc-99m tetrofosmin was strongly negatively correlated (r =-0.94). A postmortem analysis revealed increased angiogenesis markers and uptake of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA by ischemic tissue. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA by ischemic tissue. Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA could be a good candidate dual-modality imaging agent to assess angiogenesis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC: a new 99mTc-labelled radiopharmaceutical for imaging somatostatin receptor-positive tumours; first clinical results and intra-patient comparison with 111In-labelled octreotide derivatives.

    PubMed

    Decristoforo, C; Mather, S J; Cholewinski, W; Donnemiller, E; Riccabona, G; Moncayo, R

    2000-09-01

    [111In-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid-D-Phe1]-octreotide (DTPA-octreotide) scintigraphy has gained widespread acceptance as a diagnostic clinical procedure in oncology for imaging somatostatin receptor-positive tumours. However, indium-111 as a radiolabel has several drawbacks, including limited availability, suboptimal gamma energy and high radiation burden to the patient. We have recently reported on the preclinical development of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a new octreotide derivative which showed promising results both in vitro and in vivo. We now report our initial clinical experiences with this new radiopharmaceutical in ten oncological patients. The clinical diagnoses were: carcinoid syndrome (n=5), thyroid cancer (n=3), pancreatic cancer (n=1) and pituitary tumour (n=1). The biodistribution and kinetics of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC were compared with those of 111In-DTPA-octreotide in six cases, and with those of 111In-DOTA-TOC in five cases. With the new tracer tumours were imaged within 15 min after injection and showed the highest target/non-target ratios 4 h after injection. Tumour uptake persisted up to 20 h p.i. The rate of blood clearance was similar to that of 111In-DTPA-octreotide but faster than that of 111In-DOTA-TOC, while urinary excretion was lower compared with the 111In derivatives. Semi-quantitative region of interest analysis showed that 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC produced higher tumour/organ (target/non-target) ratios than the 111In derivatives, especially in relation to heart and muscle. Significantly more lesions could be detected in 99mTc images. We conclude that 99mTcEDDA/HYNIC-TOC shows better imaging properties for the identification of somatostatin receptor-positive tumour sites than currently available 111In-labelled octreotide derivatives.

  10. Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Vulvar Cancer Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence From Indocyanine Green Compared With Technetium 99m Nanocolloid.

    PubMed

    Soergel, Philipp; Hertel, Hermann; Nacke, Anna Kaarina; Klapdor, Rüdiger; Derlin, Thorsten; Hillemanns, Peter

    2017-05-01

    Nowadays, sentinel diagnostic is performed using technetium 99m (Tc) nanocolloid as a radioactive marker and sometimes patent blue. In the last years, indocyanine green has been evaluated for sentinel diagnostic in different tumor entities. Indocyanine green is a fluorescent molecule that emits a light signal in the near-infrared band after excitation. Our study aimed to evaluate indocyanine green compared with the criterion-standard Tc-nanocolloid. We included patients with primary, unifocal vulvar cancer of less than 4 cm with clinically node-negative groins in this prospective trial. Sentinel diagnostic was carried out using Tc-nanocolloid, indocyanine green, and patent blue. We examined each groin for light signals from the near-infrared band, for radioactivity, and for blue staining. A sentinel lymph node was defined as a Tc-nanocolloid-positive lymph node. All sentinel lymph nodes and all additional blue or fluorescent lymph nodes were excised and tested and then sent for histologic examination. In all, 27 patients were included in whom we found 91 sentinel lymph nodes in 52 groins. All these lymph nodes were positive for indocyanine green, also giving a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 96.0%-100%) compared with Tc-nanocolloid. Eight additional lymph nodes showed indocyanine green fluorescence but no Tc positivity, so that the positive predictive value was 91.9% (95% confidence interval, 84.6%-96.5%). In 1 patient, a false-negative sentinel missed by all 3 modalities was found. Our results show that indocyanine green is a promising approach for inguinal sentinel identification in vulvar cancer with a similar sensitivity as radioactive Tc-nanocolloid and worth to be evaluated in further studies.

  11. A Generator-Produced Gallium-68 Radiopharmaceutical for PET Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion

    PubMed Central

    Sharma, Vijay; Sivapackiam, Jothilingam; Harpstrite, Scott E.; Prior, Julie L.; Gu, Hannah; Rath, Nigam P.; Piwnica-Worms, David

    2014-01-01

    Lipophilic cationic technetium-99m-complexes are widely used for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). However, inherent uncertainties in the supply chain of molybdenum-99, the parent isotope required for manufacturing 99Mo/99mTc generators, intensifies the need for discovery of novel MPI agents incorporating alternative radionuclides. Recently, germanium/gallium (Ge/Ga) generators capable of producing high quality 68Ga, an isotope with excellent emission characteristics for clinical PET imaging, have emerged. Herein, we report a novel 68Ga-complex identified through mechanism-based cell screening that holds promise as a generator-produced radiopharmaceutical for PET MPI. PMID:25353349

  12. Evaluation of collimation and imaging configuration in scintimammography

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tsui, B.M.W.; Frey, E.C.; Wessell, D.E.

    1996-12-31

    Conventional scintimammography (SM) with {sup 99m}Tc sestamibi has been limited to taking a single lateral view of the breast using a parallel-hole high resolution (LEHR) collimator. The collimator is placed close to the breast for best possible spatial resolution. However, the collimator geometry precludes imaging the breast from other views. We evaluated using a pinhole collimator instead of a LEHR collimator in SM for improved spatial resolution and detection efficiency, and to allow additional imaging views. Results from theoretical calculations indicated that pinhole collimators could be designed with higher spatial resolution and detection efficiency than LEHR when imaging small tomore » medium size breasts. The geometrical shape of the pinhole collimator allows imaging of the breasts from both the lateral and craniocaudal views. The dual-view images allow better determination of the location of the tumors within the breast and improved detection of tumors located in the medial region of the breast. A breast model that simulates the shape and composition of the breast and breast tumors with different sizes and locations was added to an existing 3D mathematical cardiac-torso (MCAT) phantom. A cylindrically shaped phantom with 10 cm diameter and spherical inserts with different sizes and {sup 99m}Tc sestamibi uptakes with respect to the background provide physical models of breast with tumors. Simulation studies using the breast and MCAT phantoms and experimental studies using the cylindrical phantom confirmed the utility of the pinhole collimator in SM for improved breast tumor detection.« less

  13. A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence labeled peptide as a multimodal imaging agent for targeting angiogenesis in a murine tumor model.

    PubMed

    Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn; Kim, Seul-Gi; Kim, Dae-Weung

    2016-11-01

    The serine-aspartic acid-valine (SDV) peptide binds specifically to integrin α V β 3 . In the present study, we successfully developed a TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV peptide labeled with both Tc-99m and TAMRA to target the integrin α V β 3 of tumor cells; furthermore, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor of the murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV with Tc-99m was done using ligand exchange methods. Labeling stability and cytotoxicity studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with HT-1080 and HT-29 tumors. A tumor tissue slide was prepared and analyzed using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, the Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV complexes were prepared in high yield (>99%). In the gamma camera imaging study, a substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV into HT-1080 tumor (integrin α V β 3 positive) and low uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV into HT-29 tumor (integrin α V β 3 negative) were demonstrated. A competition study revealed that HT-1080 tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the co-injection of an excess concentration of SDV. Specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging and confocal microscopy studies. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV in the integrin α V β 3 -positive tumor. Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV could be a good candidate for a dual-modality imaging agent targeting tumor angiogenesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  14. Diagnostic role of (99)Tc(m)-MDP SPECT/CT combined SPECT/MRI Multi modality imaging for early and atypical bone metastases.

    PubMed

    Chen, Xiao-Liang; Li, Qian; Cao, Lin; Jiang, Shi-Xi

    2014-01-01

    The bone metastasis appeared early before the bone imaging for most of the above patients. (99)Tc(m)-MDP ((99)Tc(m) marked methylene diphosphonate) bone imaging could diagnosis the bone metastasis with highly sensitivity, but with lower specificity. The aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic value of (99)Tc(m)-MDP SPECT/CT combined SPECT/MRI Multi modality imaging for the early period atypical bone metastases. 15 to 30 mCi (99)Tc(m)-MDP was intravenously injected to the 34 malignant patients diagnosed as doubtful early bone metastases. SPECT, CT and SPECT/CT images were captured and analyzed consequently. For the patients diagnosed as early period atypical bone metastases by SPECT/CT, combining the SPECT/CT and MRI together as the SPECT/MRI integrated image. The obtained SPECT/MRI image was analyzed and compared with the pathogenic results of patients. The results indicated that 34 early period doubtful metastatic focus, including 34 SPECT positive focus, 17 focus without special changes by using CT method, 11 bone metastases focus by using SPECT/CT method, 23 doubtful bone metastases focus, 8 doubtful bone metastases focus, 14 doubtful bone metastases focus and 2 focus without clear image. Totally, SPECT/CT combined with SPECT/MRI method diagnosed 30 bone metastatic focus and 4 doubtfully metastatic focus. In conclusion, (99)Tc(m)-MDP SPECT/CT combined SPECT/MRI Multi modality imaging shows a higher diagnostic value for the early period bone metastases, which also enhances the diagnostic accuracy rate.

  15. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioiodine treatment.

    PubMed

    Czepczyński, Rafał; Gryczyńska, Maria; Ruchała, Marek

    2016-01-01

    In majority of cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), the ablative radioiodine treatment shows high efficacy. In a small number of patients, mechanism of selective iodine uptake by the DTC cells is insufficient and alternative methods of diagnosis and treatment are needed. As demonstrated in vitro, DTC cells show expression of somatostatin recep-tors. Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs are widely used in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of peptide receptor scintigraphy with the use of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the diagnosis of DTC in patients with elevated thyroglobulin concentrations (Tg), negative WBS and no effect of the consecutive radioiodine therapies. Whole body scintigraphy as well as SPECT of neck and chest were performed 3 and 24 h after i.v. administration of 740 MBq 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. The obtained images were compared with other radionuclide and ra-diological imaging methods. Forty-three patients with DTC after surgery and ablative radioiodine treatment with negative WBS and elevated Tg were qualified. Patients' age: 18-83 years (mean 58.0). SRS showed foci of tracer accumulation in 29 cases (67.4%). Sensitivity was 69.0% specificity 78.6%. SRS correctly identified local recurrence in 8 pts., metastatic lymph nodes in 19 pts., lung metastases in 12 pts. and bone metastases in 5 pts. SRS showed high sensitivity in the detection of metastatic lymph nodes (100%) and bone metastases (83.3%) and lung metastases (63.2%). Positive SRS was found in pts. with higher Tg concentrations (130 ± 144 vs. 30 ± 54 ng/ml). Scintigraphy with the use of the studied technetium-99m-labeled somatostatin analog is useful in the evaluation of patients with advanced DTC. It shows relatively good sensitivity and specificity but not high enough to be recommended as a routine imaging method. The role of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in DTC is complementary to other imaging modalities.

  16. Absent 99mTc-MIBI Uptake in the Thyroid Gland during Early Phase of Parathyroid Scintigraphy in Patients with Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.

    PubMed

    Jovanovska, Anamarija; Stoilovska, Bojana; Mileva, Magdalena; Miladinova, Daniela; Majstorov, Venjamin; Ugrinska, Ana

    2018-05-20

    Thyroid uptake of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile ( 99m Tc-MIBI) during parathyroid scintigraphy can be affected by various conditions. To evaluate the frequency of absent 99m Tc-MIBI uptake by the thyroid gland in the early phase of dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy. The early planar images of dual phase Tc 99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy from 217 patients performed between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group included 147 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and the second group included 70 patients with chronic renal failure. Patient records, laboratory and ultrasonographic data were analysed in all patients. Descriptive statistic was used for data analysis. Out of all patients in the first group, 18 patients (12.24%) showed absent thyroid uptake. Thyroidectomy was performed in 44.4% of these patients, and the rest of them had some thyroid disease. Only one patient had no thyroid or another chronic disease. In the second group, 8 patients (11.42%) presented with absent thyroid uptake of MIBI. Among them, 5 patients had no history of thyroid disease and had been on hemodialysis programme, and 3 patients had hypothyroidism. Absent 99m Tc-MIBI uptake in the thyroid during the early phase of parathyroid scintigraphy is most frequently related to thyroid disease. A small proportion of patients with chronic renal failure can present with absent 99m Tc-MIBI uptake in the thyroid as well. The mechanism for this alteration is still unclear and needs further investigation.

  17. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus infection by aptamers directly radiolabeled with technetium-99m.

    PubMed

    dos Santos, Sara Roberta; Rodrigues Corrêa, Cristiane; Branco de Barros, André Luís; Serakides, Rogéria; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

    2015-03-01

    Aptamers are oligonucleotides that have high affinity and specificity for their molecular targets which are emerging as a new class of molecules for radiopharmaceuticals development. In this study, aptamers selected to Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated for bacterial infection identification. Anti S. aureus aptamers were labeled with (99m)Tc by the direct method. The radiolabel yield and complex stability were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Three groups of Swiss mice containing 6 animals each were used. The first group was infected intramuscularly in the right thigh with S. aureus. The second group was infected in the same way with C. albicans and the third group was injected with zymosan to induce aseptic inflammation. After 24 h, radiolabeled aptamers (22.2 MBq) were injected by the tail vein. The mice were euthanized 4 h post injection and tissue sample activities measured in a gamma counter. The (99m)Tc labeled aptamers were stable in saline, plasma and cystein excess. Radiolabeled aptamers showed increased uptake in the kidneys for all groups indicating a main renal excretion, which is consistent with the hydrophilic nature and small size of aptamers. The radiopharmaceutical showed rapid blood clearance indicated by a reduced dose (% ID/g) in the blood. The biodistribution showed that aptamers were able to identify the infection foci caused by S. aureus displaying a target/non-target ratio of 4.0±0.5. This ratio for mice infected with C. albicans was 2.0±0.4 while for mice with aseptic inflammation was 1.2±0.2. Histology confirmed the presence of infection in groups 1 and 2, and inflammation in group 3. The biodistibution study demonstrated a statistically higher uptake in the S. aureus foci relative to inflammation and C. albicans infected areas. These results highlight the potential of aptamers labeled directly with (99m)Tc for bacterial infection diagnosis by scintigraphy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Value of imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children: data from Italian renal infection study 1.

    PubMed

    Montini, Giovanni; Zucchetta, Pietro; Tomasi, Lisanna; Talenti, Enrico; Rigamonti, Waifro; Picco, Giorgio; Ballan, Alberto; Zucchini, Andrea; Serra, Laura; Canella, Vanna; Gheno, Marta; Venturoli, Andrea; Ranieri, Marco; Caddia, Valeria; Carasi, Carla; Dall'amico, Roberto; Hewitt, Ian

    2009-02-01

    We examined the diagnostic accuracy of routine imaging studies (ultrasonography and micturating cystography) for predicting long-term parenchymal renal damage after a first febrile urinary tract infection. This study addressed the secondary objective of a prospective trial evaluating different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Data for 300 children < or =2 years of age, with normal prenatal ultrasound results, who completed the diagnostic follow-up evaluation (ultrasonography and technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning within 10 days, cystography within 2 months, and repeat technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scanning at 12 months to detect scarring) were analyzed. Outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values for ultrasonography and cystography in predicting parenchymal renal damage on the 12-month technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans. The kidneys and urinary tracts were mostly normal. The acute technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans showed pyelonephritis in 54% of cases. Renal scarring developed in 15% of cases. The ultrasonographic and cystographic findings were poor predictors of long-term damage, showing minor sonographic abnormalities for 12 and reflux for 23 of the 45 children who subsequently developed scarring. The benefit of performing ultrasonography and scintigraphy in the acute phase or cystourethrography is minimal. Our findings support (1) technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy 6 months after infection to detect scarring that may be related to long-term hypertension, proteinuria, and renal function impairment (although the degree of scarring was generally minor and did not impair renal function) and (2) continued surveillance to identify recurrent urinary tract infections that may warrant further investigation.

  19. Imaging, biodistribution and in vitro study of smart 99mTc-PAMAM G4 dendrimer as novel nano-complex.

    PubMed

    Narmani, Asghar; Yavari, Kamal; Mohammadnejad, Javad

    2017-11-01

    Overexpression of folic acid receptor in various human tumors cells makes it as good candidate for targeting delivery of chemotherapeutic and radiopharmaceutical agents. In this research, FA used for functionalization of PEG modified PAMAM G4 dendrimer as a smart delivery of 5-FU and 99m Tc for the breast carcinoma in order to chemotherapeutic and imaging goals. One aim of this research was assess the FA-mediated cell viability assay of PEG-PAMAM G4-FA-5FU- 99m Tc and in vitro uptake of PEG-PAMAM G4-FA- 99m Tc as the novel nano-complex determined on C2Cl2 (normal cell) and MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) cell lines. Other main goals were studied. Morover, an investigation in to in vivo imaging and biodistribution was carried out via a novel radio tracer by which tumor accumulation and site were obviously detected. The targeted tumor images taken by tail intravenous injection demonstrated that nano-complex can be smartly used in imaging study of the clinical practices. Also, the biodistribution of this nano-complex was investigated and the organ predestination of 99m Tc labeled nano-complex (%ID/g) was ascertained. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  20. Detection of breast cancer microcalcification using (99m)Tc-MDP SPECT or Osteosense 750EX FMT imaging.

    PubMed

    Felix, Dayo D; Gore, John C; Yankeelov, Thomas E; Peterson, Todd E; Barnes, Stephanie; Whisenant, Jennifer; Weis, Jared; Shoukouhi, Sepideh; Virostko, John; Nickels, Michael; McIntyre, J Oliver; Sanders, Melinda; Abramson, Vandana; Tantawy, Mohammed N

    2015-03-01

    In previous work, we demonstrated the presence of hydroxyapetite (type II microcalcification), HAP, in triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We used (18)F-NaF to detect these types of cancers in mouse models as the free fluorine, (18)F(-), binds to HAP similar to bone uptake. In this work, we investigate other bone targeting agents and techniques including (99m)Tc-MDP SPECT and Osteosense 750EX FMT imaging as alternatives for breast cancer diagnosis via targeting HAP within the tumor microenvironment. Thirteen mice were injected subcutaneously in the right flank with 10(6) MDA-MB-231 cells. When the tumor size reached ~0.6 cm(3), mice (n=9) were injected with ~37 MBq of (99m)Tc-MDP intravenously and then imaged one hour later in a NanoSPECT/CT or injected intravenously with 4 nmol/g of Osetosense 750EX and imaged 24 hours later in an FMT (n=4). The imaging probe concentration in the tumor was compared to that of muscle. Following SPECT imaging, the tumors were harvested, sectioned into 10 μm slices, and underwent autoradiography or von Kossa staining to correlate (99m)Tc-MDP binding with HAP distribution within the tumor. The SPECT images were normalized to the injected dose and regions-of-interest (ROIs) were drawn around bone, tumor, and muscle to obtain the radiotracer concentration in these regions in units of percent injected dose per unit volume. ROIs were drawn around bone and tumor in the FMT images as no FMT signal was observed in normal muscle. Uptake of (99m)Tc-MDP was observed in the bone and tumor with little or no uptake in the muscle with concentrations of 11.34±1.46 (mean±SD), 2.22±0.95, and 0.05±0.04%ID/cc, respectively. Uptake of Osteosense 750EX was also observed in the bone and tumor with concentrations of 0.35±0.07 (mean±SD) and 0.04±0.01picomoles, respectively. No FMT signal was observed in the normal muscle. There was no significant difference in the bone-to-tumor ratio between the two modalities (5.1±2.3 for SPECT and 8.8

  1. An estimate of the inventory of technetium-99 in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea.

    PubMed

    Jenkinson, Stuart B; McCubbin, David; Kennedy, Paul H W; Dewar, Alastair; Bonfield, Rachel; Leonard, Kinson S

    2014-07-01

    Published results from earlier studies have provided indications that measurable quantities of technetium-99 ((99)Tc) have accumulated in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea. This is due to the enhanced discharges from the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria, UK (between 1994 and 2004). Depth distributions of (99)Tc concentrations in sub-tidal sediments have been determined from a limited number of Irish Sea sites, following the collection of deep sediment cores (up to 2 m in depth), sampled in two research cruise surveys in 2005 and 2006. Vertical concentration profiles of (99)Tc from a range of substrates in the Irish Sea are presented here and these have been used to produce an estimate of the total inventory of (99)Tc residing in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea. Significant variation was observed between (99)Tc concentrations in the sediment samples, as well as in the shape of individual depth profiles. As anticipated, concentrations tended to be greater on fine-grained (muddy) substrates and showed a general decrease with distance from Sellafield. Vertical concentration profiles of (137)Cs, and (137)Cs data from published work, have also been considered to evaluate the use of the relatively few (99)Tc core data (upon which to determine the (99)Tc inventory). The inventories of (99)Tc and (137)Cs are estimated to have been of the order of 30 and 455 terabecquerels (TBq), respectively, or ∼2% of the total cumulative Sellafield discharge for each of the two radionuclides. The residence half-time of (137)Cs in the sub-tidal sediments of the Irish Sea is estimated to be in the order of ∼16 years. Therefore, as the Kd values for (99)Tc and (137)Cs are similar, this also provides an indicative value to predict future losses of (99)Tc from the sediment reservoir. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Tc-99m Labeled and VIP Receptor Targeted Liposomes for Effective Imaging of Breast Cancer

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-09-01

    conjugated VIP to an activated DSPE-PEG-NHS and the DSPE-PEG-VIP was inserted into preformed radionuclide (Technetium)-loaded SSL by incubation at 37TC...Chemotherapy with Actively Targeted Phospholipid Nanocarriers". CONCLUSIONS We have successfully conjugated VIP to DSPE-PEG34oo and incorporated this conjugate ...loaded with imaging or therapeutic agents, and with surface ligands specific to VIP-R could potentially be actively targeted to breast cancer. This

  3. Tc-99m Radiolabeled Peptide p5 + 14 is an Effective Probe for SPECT Imaging of Systemic Amyloidosis.

    PubMed

    Kennel, Stephen J; Stuckey, Alan; McWilliams-Koeppen, Helen P; Richey, Tina; Wall, Jonathan S

    2016-08-01

    Systemic peripheral amyloidosis is a rare disease in which misfolded proteins deposit in various organs. We have previously developed I-124 labeled peptide p5 + 14 as a tracer for positron emission tomography imaging of amyloid in patients. In this report, we now document the labeling efficiency, bioactivity, and stability of Tc-99m labeled p5 + 14 for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of amyloidosis, validated in a mouse model of systemic amyloidosis. Radiochemical yield, purity, and biological activity of [(99m)Tc]p5 + 14 were documented by instant thin-layer chromatography (ITLC), SDS-PAGE and a quantitative amyloid fibril pulldown assay. The efficacy and stability were documented in serum amyloid protein A (AA) amyloid-bearing or wild-type (WT) control mice imaged with SPECT/X-ray computed tomography (CT) at two time points. The uptake and retention of [(99m)Tc]p5 + 14 in hepatosplenic amyloid was evaluated using region of interest (ROI) and tissue counting measurements. Tc-99m p5 + 14 was produced with a radiochemical yield of 75 % with greater than 90 % purity and biological activity comparable to that of radioiodinated peptide. AA amyloid was visualized by SPECT/CT imaging with specific uptake seen in amyloid-laden organs at levels ∼5 folds higher than in healthy mice. ROI analyses of decay-corrected SPECT/CT images showed <20 % loss of radiolabel from the 1 to 4 h imaging time points. Biodistribution data confirmed the specificity of the probe accumulation by amyloid-laden organs as compared to non-diseased tissues. [(99m)Tc]p5 + 14 is a specific and stable radiotracer for systemic amyloid in mice and may provide a convenient and inexpensive alternative to imaging of peripheral amyloidosis in patients.

  4. Development of a Radiolabeled Amlodipine Analog for L-type Calcium Channel Imaging.

    PubMed

    Firouzyar, Tahereh; Jalilian, Amir Reza; Aboudzadeh, Mohammad Reza; Sadeghpour, Hossein; Pooladi, Mehrban; Shafiee-Ardestani, Mahdi; Khalaj, Ali

    2017-01-01

    The non-invasive imaging and quantification of L-type calcium channels (also known as dihydropyridine channels) in living tissues is of great interest in diagnosis of congestive heart failure, myocardial hypertrophy, irritable bowel syndrome etc. Technetium-99m labeled amlodipine conjugate ([99mTc]-DTPA-AMLO) was prepared starting freshly eluted (<1 h) 99mTechnetium pertechnetate (86.5 MBq) and conjugated DTPAAMLO at pH 5 in 30 min at room temperature in high radiochemical purity (>99%, RTLC; specific activity: 55-60 GBq/mmol). The calcium channel blockade activity (CCBA) and apoptosis/necrosis assay of DTPA-amlodipine conjugate evaluations were performed for the conjugate. Log P, stability, bio-distribution and imaging studies were performed for the tracer followed by biodistribution studies as well as imaging. The conjugate demonstrated low toxicity on MCF-7 cells and CCBA (at µm level) compared to the amlodipine. The tracer was stable up to 4 h in final production and presence of human serum and log P (-0.49) was consistent with a water soluble complex. The tracer was excreted through kidneys and liver as expected for dihydropyridines; excluding excretory organs, calcium channel rich smooth muscle cells; including colon, intestine and lungs which demonstrated significant uptake. SPECT images supported the bio-distribution data up to 4 h. significant uptake of [99mTc]-DTPA-AMLO was obtained in calcium channel rich organs. The complex can be a candidate for further SPECT imaging for L-type calcium channels. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  5. Studies on focal alveolar bone healing with technetium (Tc)-99m labeled methylene diphosphonate and gold-collimated cadmium telluride probe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tsuchimochi, M.; Hosain, F.; Engelke, W.

    1991-01-01

    The benefit of using a collimator for a miniaturized cadmium telluride probe was evaluated by monitoring the bone-healing processes for 13 weeks after the induction of small iatrogenic alveolar bone lesions in one side of the mandible in beagles. Technetium (Tc)-99m labeled methylene diphosphonate (200 to 300 MBq, 5.1 to 8.1 mCi, in a solution of 0.5 to 1 ml, intravenously) was used as a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical. The radioactivity over the bone lesion (L) and the contralateral normal site (C) in the mandible were measured between 1.5 and 2 hours after injection of the tracer, and the activity ratio L/Cmore » served as an index of relative bone uptake. A study of six dogs revealed that the healing response to a hemispheric bone defect of 2 mm diameter in the cortical bone could not be detected by an uncollimated probe, and in a repeated study in two dogs the use of a gold collimator (5 mm in diameter, 5 mm in length) did not increase the L/C ratio significantly. A second study in six dogs with 5 mm lesions showed that although systematic trends in the time courses of the L/C ratio obtained both with and without the collimator could be demonstrated, the L/C ratio of collimated versus uncollimated measurements was significantly (p less than 0.005) increased. In three of the latter six dogs, abscesses developed after 9 weeks, leading to a second increase (p less than 0.05) of the L/C ratio with collimation compared with the noninflammation group; without collimation no significant (p greater than 0.15) difference between the two groups could be demonstrated.« less

  6. Toward hypoxia-selective rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl complexes.

    PubMed

    North, Andrea J; Hayne, David J; Schieber, Christine; Price, Katherine; White, Anthony R; Crouch, Peter J; Rigopoulos, Angela; O'Keefe, Graeme J; Tochon-Danguy, Henri; Scott, Andrew M; White, Jonathan M; Ackermann, Uwe; Donnelly, Paul S

    2015-10-05

    With the aim of preparing hypoxia-selective imaging and therapeutic agents, technetium(I) and rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with pyridylhydrazone, dipyridylamine, and pyridylaminocarboxylate ligands containing nitrobenzyl or nitroimidazole functional groups have been prepared. The rhenium tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized with short reaction times using microwave irradiation. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with deprotonated p-nitrophenyl pyridylhydrazone ligands are luminescent, and this has been used to track their uptake in HeLa cells using confocal fluorescent microscopy. Selected rhenium tricarbonyl complexes displayed higher uptake in hypoxic cells when compared to normoxic cells. A (99m)Tc tricarbonyl complex with a dipyridylamine ligand bearing a nitroimidazole functional group is stable in human serum and was shown to localize in a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC; SK-RC-52) tumor in a mouse.

  7. Radiolabeled Rhein as Small-Molecule Necrosis Avid Agents for Imaging of Necrotic Myocardium.

    PubMed

    Luo, Qi; Jin, Qiaomei; Su, Chang; Zhang, Dongjian; Jiang, Cuihua; Fish, Anne Folta; Feng, Yuanbo; Ni, Yicheng; Zhang, Jian; Yin, Zhiqi

    2017-01-17

    A rapid and accurate identification of necrotic myocardium is of great importance for diagnosis, risk stratification, clinical decision-making, and prognosis evaluation of myocardial infarction. Here, we explored technetium-99m labeled rhein derivatives for rapid imaging of the necrotic myocardium. Three hydrazinonicotinic acid-linker-rhein (HYNIC-linker-rhein) derivatives were synthesized, and then, these synthetic compounds were labeled with technetium-99m using ethylenediaminediacetic acid (EDDA) and tricine as coligands [ 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-linker-rhein]. The necrosis avidity of the three 99m Tc-labeled rhein derivatives was tested in a mouse model of ethanol-induced muscular necrosis by gamma counting, histochemical staining, and autoradiography. A lead tracer for visualization of necrotic myocardium was assessed by single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging in a rat model with reperfused myocardial infarction. The necrosis avidity mechanism of the tracer was explored by DNA binding studies in vitro and blocking experiments in vivo. Results showed that the uptake in necrotic muscles of the three 99m Tc-compounds was higher than that in viable muscles (P < 0.001). Autoradiography and histochemical staining results were consistent with selective uptake of the radiotracer in the necrotic regions. Among the these tracers, 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-ethylenediamine-rhein [ 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein] displayed the best distribution profiles for imaging. The necrotic myocardium lesions were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein at 1 h after injection. The necrotic-to-viable myocardium and necrotic myocardium-to-blood uptake ratios of 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein were 4.79 and 3.02 at 1 h after injection. DNA binding studies suggested HYNIC-linker-rhein bound to DNA through intercalation. The uptake of 99m Tc(EDDA)-HYNIC-2C-rhein in necrotic muscle was significantly blocked by excessive unlabeled rhein, with

  8. Molybdenum target specifications for cyclotron production of 99mTc based on patient dose estimates.

    PubMed

    Hou, X; Tanguay, J; Buckley, K; Schaffer, P; Bénard, F; Ruth, T J; Celler, A

    2016-01-21

    In response to the recognized fragility of reactor-produced (99)Mo supply, direct production of (99m)Tc via (100)Mo(p,2n)(99m)Tc reaction using medical cyclotrons has been investigated. However, due to the existence of other Molybdenum (Mo) isotopes in the target, in parallel with (99m)Tc, other technetium (Tc) radioactive isotopes (impurities) will be produced. They will be incorporated into the labeled radiopharmaceuticals and result in increased patient dose. The isotopic composition of the target and beam energy are main factors that determine production of impurities, thus also dose increases. Therefore, they both must be considered when selecting targets for clinical (99m)Tc production. Although for any given Mo target, the patient dose can be predicted based on complicated calculations of production yields for each Tc radioisotope, it would be very difficult to reverse these calculations to specify target composition based on dosimetry considerations. In this article, a relationship between patient dosimetry and Mo target composition is studied. A simple and easy algorithm for dose estimation, based solely on the knowledge of target composition and beam energy, is described. Using this algorithm, the patient dose increase due to every Mo isotope that could be present in the target is estimated. Most importantly, a technique to determine Mo target composition thresholds that would meet any given dosimetry requirement is proposed.

  9. Molybdenum target specifications for cyclotron production of 99mTc based on patient dose estimates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hou, X.; Tanguay, J.; Buckley, K.; Schaffer, P.; Bénard, F.; Ruth, T. J.; Celler, A.

    2016-01-01

    In response to the recognized fragility of reactor-produced 99Mo supply, direct production of 99mTc via 100Mo(p,2n)99mTc reaction using medical cyclotrons has been investigated. However, due to the existence of other Molybdenum (Mo) isotopes in the target, in parallel with 99mTc, other technetium (Tc) radioactive isotopes (impurities) will be produced. They will be incorporated into the labeled radiopharmaceuticals and result in increased patient dose. The isotopic composition of the target and beam energy are main factors that determine production of impurities, thus also dose increases. Therefore, they both must be considered when selecting targets for clinical 99mTc production. Although for any given Mo target, the patient dose can be predicted based on complicated calculations of production yields for each Tc radioisotope, it would be very difficult to reverse these calculations to specify target composition based on dosimetry considerations. In this article, a relationship between patient dosimetry and Mo target composition is studied. A simple and easy algorithm for dose estimation, based solely on the knowledge of target composition and beam energy, is described. Using this algorithm, the patient dose increase due to every Mo isotope that could be present in the target is estimated. Most importantly, a technique to determine Mo target composition thresholds that would meet any given dosimetry requirement is proposed.

  10. 99mTc-labeled PSMA inhibitor: Biokinetics and radiation dosimetry in healthy subjects and imaging of prostate cancer tumors in patients.

    PubMed

    Santos-Cuevas, Clara; Davanzo, Jenny; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; García-Pérez, Francisco O; Ocampo-García, Blanca; Ignacio-Alvarez, Eleazar; Gómez-Argumosa, Edgar; Pedraza-López, Martha

    2017-09-01

    The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in epithelial cells of the prostate and highly overexpressed in 95% of advanced prostate cancers. The aims of this study was to estimate the biokinetics and dosimetry of 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA ( 99m Tc-labeled PSMA inhibitor) in eight healthy subjects and evaluate its usefulness as a tumor-imaging agent in eight prostate cancer patients. 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA was obtained from a lyophilized formulation with radiochemical purities >98%, determined by reversed-phase HPLC and ITLC-SG analyses. Whole-body images from eight healthy subjects were acquired at 20min, and at 2, 6 and 24h after 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA administration. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the source organs on each time frame. Each ROI was corrected by background, attenuation, scattered radiation and physical decay. The image sequence was used to extrapolate the 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA time-activity curves of each organ to adjust the biokinetic model and calculate the total number of disintegrations (N) that occurred in the source regions. N data were the input for the OLINDA/EXM code to calculate internal radiation doses. In eight prostate cancer patients with histologically confirmed cancer, whole-body SPECT/CT images were obtained at 3h. The blood activity showed a half-life value of 4.98min for the fast component (T 1/2 α=ln2/8.34), 2.49h for the first slow component (T 1/2 β=ln2/0.278), and 9.24h for the second slow component (T 1/2 γ=ln2/0.076). Images from patients showed an average tumor/background ratio of 8.99±3.27 at 3h. The average equivalent doses calculated for a study using 740MBq were 3.80, 7.06, 9.69, 10.70, and 28.80mSv for the breast, spleen, salivary glands, liver, and kidneys respectively, with an effective dose of 3.42±0.78mSv. All the absorbed doses were comparable to those known for most of the 99m Tc studies. 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA obtained from kit formulations showed high tumor uptake in

  11. Measuring hepatic functional reserve using T1 mapping of Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced 3T MR imaging: A preliminary study comparing with 99mTc GSA scintigraphy and signal intensity based parameters.

    PubMed

    Nakagawa, Masataka; Namimoto, Tomohiro; Shimizu, Kie; Morita, Kosuke; Sakamoto, Fumi; Oda, Seitaro; Nakaura, Takeshi; Utsunomiya, Daisuke; Shiraishi, Shinya; Yamashita, Yasuyuki

    2017-07-01

    To determine the utility of liver T1-mapping on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the measurement of liver functional reserve compared with the signal intensity (SI) based parameters, technetium-99m-galactosyl serum albumin ( 99m Tc-GSA) scintigraphy and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance. This retrospective study included 111 patients (Child-Pugh-A 90; -B 21) performed with both Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced liver MR imaging and 99m Tc-GSA (76 patients with ICG). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare diagnostic performances of T1-relaxation-time parameters [pre-(T1pre) and post-contrast (T1hb) Gd-EOB-DTPA], SI based parameters [relative enhancement (RE), liver-to-muscle-ratio (LMR), liver-to-spleen-ratio (LSR)] and 99m Tc-GSA scintigraphy blood clearance index (HH15)] for Child-Pugh classification. Pearson's correlation was used for comparisons among T1-relaxation-time parameters, SI-based parameters, HH15 and ICG. A significant difference was obtained for Child-Pugh classification with T1hb, ΔT1, all SI based parameters and HH15. T1hb had the highest AUC followed by RE, LMR, LSR, ΔT1, HH15 and T1pre. The correlation coefficients with HH15 were T1pre 0.22, T1hb 0.53, ΔT1 -0.38 of T1 relaxation parameters; RE -0.44, LMR -0.45, LSR -0.43 of SI-based parameters. T1hb was highest for correlation with HH15. The correlation coefficients with ICG were T1pre 0.29, T1hb 0.64, ΔT1 -0.42 of T1 relaxation parameters; RE -0.50, LMR -0.61, LSR -0.58 of SI-based parameters; 0.64 of HH15. Both T1hb and HH15 were highest for correlation with ICG. T1 relaxation time at post-contrast of Gd-EOB-DTPA (T1hb) was strongly correlated with ICG clearance and moderately correlated HH15 with 99m Tc-GSA. T1hb has the potential to provide robust parameter of liver functional reserve. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  12. Evaluation of tricine and EDDA as Co-ligands for 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-MSH analogs for melanoma imaging.

    PubMed

    Garcia, Maria Fernanda; Zhang, Xiuli; Gallazzi, Fabio; Fernandez, Marcelo; Moreno, Maria; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Porcal, Williams; Cabral, Pablo; Quinn, Thomas P

    2015-01-01

    Several radiolabeled alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogs have been studied for their abilities to target melanoma tumor cells through specific recognition and binding to the melanocortin receptor 1 (MCR1). In this work, a lactam bridgecyclized α-MSH analog was labeled with (99m) via the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) chelator and characterized for its melanoma tumor targeting properties. The bifunctional chelating agent HYNIC-Boc was attached to the N-terminus of the MSH peptide followed by the lactam cyclization, resulting in the HYNIC-cyc-MSH analog. The lactam cyclized peptide displayed high affinity and specificity for MC1-receptors present on B16/F1 melanoma tumor cells, exhibiting an IC50 of 6.48 nM. HYNIC-cyc-MSH was radiolabeled with (99m)Tc using two common co-ligands, tricine and EDDA. In vitro, the radiochemical stability, cell binding and efflux properties were similar between the peptides radiolabeled with tricine and EDDA as co-ligands. In vivo, biodistribution studies (n=4) demonstrated that (99m)Tc- HYNIC-cyc-MSH/tricine had superior tumor to muscle and tumor to blood ratios than (99m)Tc-HYNIC-cyc-MSH/EDDA at early time points. Planar gamma imaging of melanoma bearing mice showed that 99mTc-HYNIC-cyc-MSH/tricine was able to clearly visualize tumors, underscoring the potential utility of (99m)Tc labeled lactam cyclized MSH molecules as melanoma imaging agents.

  13. The Evaluation of Novel Tin Materials for the Removal of Technetium from Groundwater

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Parker, Kent E.; Wellman, Dawn M.

    2017-06-30

    Technetium-99 ( 99Tc) is present at several U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, including the Hanford, Oak Ridge, Paducah, Portsmouth, and Savannah River sites. Due to its mobility, persistence, and toxicity in the environment, developing means to immobilize and/or remove technetium from the environment is currently a top priority for DOE. However, there are currently very few approaches that effectively manage the risks of technetium to human health and the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate novel synthetic materials that could enable direct removal of technetium from groundwater. The following report •assesses the viability of existing methodologiesmore » for synthesis of tin (II) apatite for in situ formation and remediation of 99Tc within the subsurface environment •discusses the development of alternative methodologies for production of tin (II) apatite •evaluates nanoporous tin phosphate materials for removal of technetium from groundwater.« less

  14. Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ameliorates ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic phenotype without causing osteonecrosis in the jaw.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yinghua; Wang, Lei; Liu, Yi; Akiyama, Kentaro; Chen, Chider; Atsuta, Ikiru; Zhou, Tao; Duan, Xiaohong; Jin, Yan; Shi, Songtao

    2012-12-01

    Technetium-99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate ((99)Tc-MDP) is a novel bisphosphonate derivative without radioactivity and has been successfully used to treat arthritis in China for years. Since bisphosphonate therapy has the potential to induce bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), we examined whether (99)Tc-MDP represents a new class of bisphosphonate for antiresorptive therapy to ameliorate estrogen deficiency-induced bone resorption with less risk of causing BRONJ. We showed that (99)Tc-MDP-treated, ovariectomized (OVX) mice had significantly improved bone mineral density and trabecular bone volume in comparison to the untreated OVX group by inhibiting osteoclasts and enhancing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. To determine the potential of inducing BRONJ, (99)Tc-MDP/dexamethasone (Dex) or zoledronate/Dex was administered into C57BL/6J mice via the tail vein, followed by extraction of maxillary first molars. Interestingly, (99)Tc-MDP treatment showed less risk to induce osteonecrosis in the maxillary bones compared to zoledronate treatment group, partially because (99)Tc-MDP neither suppressed adaptive regulatory T cells nor activated the inflammatory T-helper-producing interleukin-17 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that (99)Tc-MDP therapy may be a promising approach in the treatment of osteoporosis with less risk of causing BRONJ.

  15. Water-stable fac-{TcO₃}⁺ complexes - a new field of technetium chemistry.

    PubMed

    Braband, Henrik

    2011-01-01

    The development of technetium chemistry has been lagging behind that of its heavier congener rhenium, primarily because the inherent radioactivity of all Tc isotopes has limited the number of laboratories that can study the chemistry of this fascinating element. Although technetium is an artificial element, it is not rare. Significant amounts of the isotope (99)Tc are produced every day as a fission byproduct in nuclear power plants. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the chemistry of (99)Tc is essential to avoid its release into the environment. In this article the chemistry of technetium at its highest oxidation state (+VII) is reviewed with a special focus on recent developments which make water-stable complexes of the general type [TcO(3)(tacn-R)](+) (tacn-R = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane or derivatives) accessible. Complexes containing the fac-{TcO(3)}(+) core display a unique reactivity. In analogy to [OsO(4)] and [RuO(4)], complexes containing the fac-{TcO(3)}(+) core undergo with alkenes metal-mediated, vicinal cis-dihydroxylation reactions (alkene-glycol interconversion) in water via a (3+2)-cycloaddition reaction. Therefore, water-stable fac-{(99m)TcO(3)}(+) complexes pave the way for a new labeling strategy for radiopharmaceutical applications, based on (3+2)-cycloaddition reactions. This new concept for the labeling of biomolecules with small [(99m)TcO(3)(tacn-R)](+)-type complexes by way of a (3+2)-cycloaddition with alkenes is discussed in detail. The herein reported developments in high-valent technetium chemistry create a new field of research with this artificial element. This demonstrates the potential of fundamental research to provide new impetus of innovation for the development of new methods for radiopharmaceutical applications.

  16. Diagnosis of pyogenic pelvic inflammatory diseases by 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Rachinsky, I; Boguslavsky, L; Goldstein, D; Golan, H; Pak, I; Katz, M; Lantsberg, S

    2000-12-01

    Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the major health problems of women of child-bearing age. Among the most serious complications of PID is the formation of a tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). Early diagnosis of this condition may prevent serious surgical complications such as peritonitis and sepsis, which may be fatal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) leucocyte scintigraphy in the diagnosis of TOA. Twenty women with high clinical suspicion of TOA underwent 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy. The labelling of leucocytes with 99mTc-HMPAO was performed according to a standard protocol. Scans were obtained at 1, 3 and 24 h following the injection of the labelled leucocytes. In eight cases the early and/or late scan was positive, in 11 cases it was negative, and in one case of ovarian cyst torsion, confirmed by laparoscopy, it showed slight uptake in the capsule of the cyst (false-positive). The sensitivity of 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy was 100%, specificity 91.6%, positive predictive value 89%, negative predictive value 100% and overall accuracy 95%. It is concluded that leucocyte scintigraphy is a non-invasive, safe, physiological and accurate procedure for the diagnosis of TOA. The 24-h scan is crucial, since in some cases the abscess was not clearly visualized on the early scan. Leucocyte scintigraphy may reduce the need for CT, diagnostic laparoscopy and unnecessary invasive surgical procedures.

  17. An efficient HPLC method for the analysis of isomeric purity of technetium-99m-exametazime and identity confirmation using LC-MS.

    PubMed

    Vanderghinste, D; Van Eeckhoudt, M; Terwinghe, C; Mortelmans, L; Bormans, G M; Verbruggen, A M; Vanbilloen, H P

    2003-08-08

    99mTc-exametazime (99mTc-d,l-HMPAO, 99mTc-d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime) is a neutral rather unstable complex of short-lived 99mTc (t(1/2)=6 h) with the d,l-isomer (mixture of D,D- and L,L-isomers) of a bis-amine bis-oxime tetraligand. It is widely used for measurement of regional cerebral perfusion in nuclear medicine. The meso-isomer (D,L-form) should not be present in a preparation as it is not retained in brain and thus does not provide clinically useful information. Meso-HMPAO is removed from the ligand during the synthesis procedure by repeated recrystallization, but can still be present as impurity in d,l-isomer. Due to the lack of a suitable chromatographic method for analysis of the isomeric purity of 99mTc-exametazime preparations, United States Pharmacopoeia 25 (USP 25) prescribes a biological test in rats for quality control purpose. In this study, we developed a suitable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which allows to demonstrate the relative amounts of d,l- and meso-isomer in 99mTc-exametazime and so obviates the need for a biodistribution test in animals as part of the quality control. Due to the low concentrations in which 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO is obtained (typically 2-6 ng/ml), confirmation of the identity of 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO in the monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia is now performed only indirectly by TLC and assessment of its retention time on RP-HPLC. To investigate the potential of radio-LC-MS for assessment of the identity of 99mTc-exametazime, 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO and 99mTc-meso-HMPAO prepared using a Tc-rich eluate were analyzed using a radio-LC-MS system equipped with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The main peak in the radiometric channel coincided with the molecular ion mass of 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO in the mass spectrometer channel and the measured accurate mass differed only by 0.26 ppm from the theoretical mass. The identity of 99mTc-meso-HMPAO was also confirmed. Thus, radio-LC-MS allowed

  18. Remote-loading labeling of liposomes with (99m)Tc-BMEDA and its stability evaluation: effects of lipid formulation and pH/chemical gradient.

    PubMed

    Li, Shihong; Goins, Beth; Phillips, William T; Bao, Ande

    2011-03-01

    Efficient, convenient, and stable radiolabeling plays a critical role for the monitoring of liposome behavior via either blood sampling, organ distribution, or noninvasive nuclear imaging. The direct labeling of liposome-carrying drugs without any prior modification undoubtedly is convenient and optimal for liposomal drug testing. In this article, we investigated the effect of various lipid formulations and pH/chemical gradients on the radiolabeling efficiency and entrapment stability of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) remotely loaded into liposomes, using (99m)Tc-N,N-bis(2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethyl-ethylenediamine ((99m)Tc-BMEDA) complex. The tested liposomes either contained unsaturated lipid or possessed various surface charges. (99m)Tc could be efficiently loaded into various premanufactured liposomes containing either an ammonium sulfate pH, citrate pH, or glutathione (GSH) chemical gradient. (99m)Tc-entrapment stabilities of these liposomes in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) buffer at 25°C were mainly dependent on the pH/chemical gradient, but not lipid formulation. Stability sequence was ammonium sulfate pH-gradient>citrate pH-gradient>GSH-gradient. Stabilities of (99m)Tc-liposomes in 50% fetal bovine serum (FBS)/PBS (pH 7.4) buffer at 37°C are dependent on both lipid formulation and pH/chemical gradient. Specifically, (99m)Tc labeling of the ammonium sulfate pH-gradient liposomes were less stable in 50% FBS/PBS than in PBS, whereas noncationic liposomes with citrate pH- or GSH-gradient displayed higher stability, except that anionic citrate pH-gradient liposomes showed no stability difference in these two media. Cationic liposomes aggregated in 50% FBS/PBS, forming a new discrete fraction with larger particle sizes. These in vitro characterization results have indicated the optimism of using (99m)Tc-BMEDA for labeling pH/GSH gradient liposomes without the requirement of modifying lipid formulation for liposomal therapeutic-agent development.

  19. ROLE OF IMAGING TESTS FOR PREOPERATIVE LOCATION OF PATHOLOGIC PARATHYROID TISSUE IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.

    PubMed

    Coelho, Maria Caroline Alves; de Oliveira E Silva de Morais, Nathalie Anne; Beuren, Andrea Cristiani; Lopes, Cristiane Bertolino; Santos, Camila Vicente; Cantoni, Joyce; Neto, Leonardo Vieira; Lima, Maurício Barbosa

    2016-09-01

    Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can be cured by parathyroidectomy, and the preoperative location of enlarged pathologic parathyroid glands is determined by imaging studies, especially cervical ultrasonography and scintigraphy scanning. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the use of preoperative cervical ultrasonography and/or parathyroid scintigraphy in locating pathologic parathyroid tissue in a group of patients with PHPT followed in the same endocrine center. We examined the records of 61 patients who had undergone parathyroidectomy for PHPT following (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy scan and/or cervical ultrasonography. Scintigraphic and ultrasonographic findings were compared to histopathologic results of the surgical specimens. Ultrasonography detected enlarged parathyroid glands in 87% (48/55) of patients with PHPT and (99m)Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy in 79% (37/47) of the cases. Ultrasonography was able to correctly predict the surgical findings in 75% (41/55) of patients and scintigraphy in 72% (34/47). Of 7 patients who had negative ultrasonography, scintigraphy correctly predicted the surgical results in 2 (29%). Of 10 patients who had negative scintigraphy, ultrasonography correctly predicted the surgical results in 4 (40%). When we analyzed only patients with solitary eutopic parathyroid adenomas, the predictive positive values of ultrasonography and scintigraphy were 90% and 86%, respectively. Cervical ultrasonography had a higher likelihood of a correct positive test and a greater predictive positive value for solitary adenoma compared to (99m)Tc-sestamibi and should be used as the first diagnostic tool for preoperative localization of affected parathyroid glands in PHPT. Ca = calcium IEDE = Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione PHPT = primary hyperparathyroidism PTH = parathyroid hormone.

  20. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lieske, T.R.; Sunderrajan, E.V.; Passamonte, P.M.

    A patient with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia was evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage, technetium-99m glucoheptonate, and transbronchial lung biopsy. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed 43 percent eosinophils and correlated well with results of transbronchial lung biopsy. Technetium-99m glucoheptonate lung imaging demonstrated intense parenchymal uptake. After eight weeks of corticosteroid therapy, the bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil population and the technetium-99m glucoheptonate uptake had returned to normal. We suggest that bronchoalveolar lavage, with transbronchial lung biopsy, is a less invasive way than open lung biopsy to diagnose chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. The mechanism of uptake of technetium-99m glucoheptonate in this disorder remains to be defined.

  1. Utility of 99mTc-Hynic-TOC in 131I Whole-Body Scan Negative Thyroid Cancer Patients with Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin Levels

    PubMed Central

    Shinto, Ajit S.; Kamaleshwaran, K. K.; Mallia, Madhav; Korde, Aruna; Samuel, Grace; Banerjee, Sharmila; Velayutham, Pavanasam; Damodharan, Suresh; Sairam, Madhu

    2015-01-01

    Several studies have reported on the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging abilities of a recently developed Technetium-99m labeled somatostatin analog, 99mTc-Hynic-TOC, in terms of precise localization of the disease. The study population consisted of 28 patients (16 men, 12 women; age range: 39-72 years) with histologically confirmed DTC, who presented with recurrent or persistent disease as indicated by elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels after initial treatment (serum Tg > 10 ng/ml off T4 suppression for 4-6 weeks). All patients were negative on the Iodine-131 posttherapy whole-body scans. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) was performed in all patients. SSTR scintigraphy was true positive in 23 cases (82.1%), true negative in two cases (7.1%) and false negative in three cases (10.7%) which resulted in a sensitivity of 88.46%, specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 89.2%. Sensitivity of 99mTc-Hynic-TOC scan was higher (93.7%) for patients with advanced stages, that is stages III and IV. 18F-FDG showed a sensitivity of 93.7%, a specificity of 50% and an accuracy of 89.3%. 18F-FDG PET was found to be more sensitive, with lower specificity due to false positive results in 2 patients. Analysis on a lesion basis demonstrated substantial agreement between the two imaging techniques with a Cohen's kappa of 0.66. Scintigraphy with 99mTc-Hynic-TOC might be a promising tool for treatment planning; it is easy to perform and showed sufficient accuracy for localization diagnostics in thyroid cancer patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. PMID:26097420

  2. Utility of (99m)Tc-Hynic-TOC in 131I Whole-Body Scan Negative Thyroid Cancer Patients with Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin Levels.

    PubMed

    Shinto, Ajit S; Kamaleshwaran, K K; Mallia, Madhav; Korde, Aruna; Samuel, Grace; Banerjee, Sharmila; Velayutham, Pavanasam; Damodharan, Suresh; Sairam, Madhu

    2015-01-01

    Several studies have reported on the expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging abilities of a recently developed Technetium-99m labeled somatostatin analog, (99m)Tc-Hynic-TOC, in terms of precise localization of the disease. The study population consisted of 28 patients (16 men, 12 women; age range: 39-72 years) with histologically confirmed DTC, who presented with recurrent or persistent disease as indicated by elevated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels after initial treatment (serum Tg > 10 ng/ml off T4 suppression for 4-6 weeks). All patients were negative on the Iodine-131 posttherapy whole-body scans. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) was performed in all patients. SSTR scintigraphy was true positive in 23 cases (82.1%), true negative in two cases (7.1%) and false negative in three cases (10.7%) which resulted in a sensitivity of 88.46%, specificity of 100% and an accuracy of 89.2%. Sensitivity of (99m)Tc-Hynic-TOC scan was higher (93.7%) for patients with advanced stages, that is stages III and IV. (18)F-FDG showed a sensitivity of 93.7%, a specificity of 50% and an accuracy of 89.3%. (18)F-FDG PET was found to be more sensitive, with lower specificity due to false positive results in 2 patients. Analysis on a lesion basis demonstrated substantial agreement between the two imaging techniques with a Cohen's kappa of 0.66. Scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-Hynic-TOC might be a promising tool for treatment planning; it is easy to perform and showed sufficient accuracy for localization diagnostics in thyroid cancer patients with recurrent or metastatic disease.

  3. [⁹⁹mTc]O₂-AMD3100 as a SPECT tracer for CXCR4 receptor imaging.

    PubMed

    Hartimath, Siddesh V; Domanska, Urszula M; Walenkamp, Annemiek M E; Rudi A J O, Dierckx; de Vries, Erik F J

    2013-05-01

    CXCR4 plays an important role in HIV infection, tumor progression, neurogenesis, and inflammation. In-vivo imaging of CXCR4 could provide more insight in the role of this receptor in health and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate [(99m)Tc]O₂-AMD3100 as a potential SPECT tracer for imaging of CXCR4. AMD3100 was labelled with [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate. A cysteine challenge assay was performed to test the tracer stability. Heterologous and homologous receptor binding assay and internalization assay were performed in CXCR4 expressing Jurkat-T cells. Ex vivo biodistribution was studied in healthy mice at 30, 60, and 120 min after tracer injection. Tumor uptake of the tracer was determined by microSPECT imaging in nude mice xenografted with human PC-3 prostate tumor. Specificity of tracer uptake was determined by blocking studies using an excess of unlabelled AMD3100. AMD3100 was labelled with technetium-99m with a radiochemical yield of >98%. The tracer was stable in PBS and mouse plasma for at least 6h at 37 °C. Heterologous and homologous binding assays with AMD3100 showed IC50 values of 240 ± 10 μM, and 92 ± 5 μM for [(125)I]SDF-1α and [(99m)Tc]O₂-AMD3100 respectively, with negligible receptor internalisation. The tracer showed high uptake in liver, lungs, spleen, thymus, intestine and bone. Blocking dose of AMD3100.8HCl (20mg/kg) decreased the uptake in these organs (p<0.05). [(99m)Tc]O2-AMD3100 showed specific tumor accumulation in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts model. Time activity curves (TAC) in AMD3100 pre-treated animals tracer showed 1.7 times less tumor uptake as compared to control animals (p<0.05). [(99m)Tc]O2-AMD3100 is readily labelled, is stable in plasma and displays a favourable binding affinity for the CXCR4 receptors. [(99m)Tc O₂-AMD3100 shows specific binding in organs with high CXCR4 expression and in CXCR4 positive tumors. These results justify further evaluation of this radiopharmaceutical as a potential biomarker for the

  4. The feasibility of imaging myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury using (99m)Tc-labeled duramycin in a porcine model.

    PubMed

    Wang, Lei; Wang, Feng; Fang, Wei; Johnson, Steven E; Audi, Said; Zimmer, Michael; Holly, Thomas A; Lee, Daniel C; Zhu, Bao; Zhu, Haibo; Zhao, Ming

    2015-02-01

    When pathologically externalized, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a potential surrogate marker for detecting tissue injuries. (99m)Tc-labeled duramycin is a peptide-based imaging agent that binds PE with high affinity and specificity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the clearance kinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled duramycin in a large animal model (normal pigs) and to assess its uptake in the heart using a pig model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The clearance and distribution of intravenously injected (99m)Tc-duramycin were characterized in sham-operated animals (n=5). In a closed chest model of myocardial ischemia, coronary occlusion was induced by balloon angioplasty (n=9). (99m)Tc-duramycin (10-15mCi) was injected intravenously at 1hour after reperfusion. SPECT/CT was acquired at 1 and 3hours after injection. Cardiac tissues were analyzed for changes associated with acute cellular injuries. Autoradiography and gamma counting were used to determine radioactivity uptake. For the remaining animals, (99m)Tc-tetrafosamin scan was performed on the second day to identify the infarct site. Intravenously injected (99m)Tc-duramycin cleared from circulation predominantly via the renal/urinary tract with an α-phase half-life of 3.6±0.3minutes and β-phase half-life of 179.9±64.7minutes. In control animals, the ratios between normal heart and lung were 1.76±0.21, 1.66±0.22, 1.50±0.20 and 1.75±0.31 at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3hours post-injection, respectively. The ratios between normal heart and liver were 0.88±0.13, 0.80±0.13, 0.82±0.19 and 0.88±0.14. In vivo visualization of focal radioactivity uptake in the ischemic heart was attainable as early as 30min post-injection. The in vivo ischemic-to-normal uptake ratios were 3.57±0.74 and 3.69±0.91 at 1 and 3hours post-injection, respectively. Ischemic-to-lung ratios were 4.89±0.85 and 4.93±0.57; and ischemic-to-liver ratios were 2.05±0.30 to 3.23±0.78. The size of (99m)Tc-duramycin positive

  5. The feasibility of imaging myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury using 99mTc-labeled duramycin in a porcine model

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Lei; Wang, Feng; Fang, Wei; Johnson, Steven E.; Audi, Said; Zimmer, Michael; Holly, Thomas A; Lee, Daniel; Zhu, Bao; Zhu, Haibo; Zhao, Ming

    2015-01-01

    When pathologically externalized, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a potential surrogate marker for detecting tissue injuries. 99mTc-labeled duramycin is a peptide-based imaging agent that binds PE with high affinity and specificity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the clearance kinetics of 99mTc-labeled duramycin in a large animal model (normal pigs) and to assess its uptake in the heart using a pig model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods The clearance and distribution of intravenously injected 99mTc-duramycin were characterized in sham-operated animals (n = 5). In a closed chest model of myocardial ischemia, coronary occlusion was induced by balloon angioplasty (n = 9). 99mTc-duramycin (10-15 mCi) was injected intravenously at 1 hour after reperfusion. SPECT/CT was acquired at 1 and 3 hours after injection. Cardiac tissues were analyzed for changes associated with acute cellular injuries. Autoradiography and gamma counting was used to determine radioactivity uptake. For the remaining animals, 99mTc-tetrafosamin scan was performed on the second day to identify the infarct site. Results Intravenously injected 99mTc-duramycin cleared from circulation predominantly via the renal/urinary tract with an α-phase half-life of 3.6 ± 0.3 minutes and β-phase half-life of 179.9 ± 64.7 minutes. In control animals, the ratios between normal heart and lung were 1.76 ± 0.21, 1.66 ± 0.22, 1.50 ± 0.20 and 1.75 ± 0.31 at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours post injection, respectively. The ratios between normal heart and liver were 0.88 ± 0.13, 0.80 ± 0.13, 0.82 ± 0.19 and 0.88 ± 0.14. In vivo visualization of focal radioactivity uptake in the ischemic heart was attainable as early as 30 min post injection. The in vivo ischemic-to-normal uptake ratios were 3.57 ± 0.74 and 3.69 ± 0.91 at 1 and 3 hours post injection, respectively. Ischemic-to-lung ratios were 4.89 ± 0.85 and 4.93 ± 0.57; and ischemic-to-liver ratios were 2.05 ± 0.30 to 3.23 ± 0

  6. Technetium-99m HMPAO brain SPECT in autistic children and their families.

    PubMed

    Degirmenci, Berna; Miral, Süha; Kaya, Gamze Capa; Iyilikçi, Leyla; Arslan, Gulhan; Baykara, Ayşen; Evren, Ismail; Durak, Hatice

    2008-04-15

    The purpose of the study was to investigate perfusion patterns in autistic children (AC) and their families. Ten AC (9 boys, 1 girl; mean age: 6.9+/-1.7 years) with autistic disorder defined by DSM-III-R criteria, five age-matched children (3 boys, 2 girls) as a control group, and the immediate family members of eight AC (8 mothers, 8 fathers, 7 siblings; mean ages: 39+/-4 years, 36+/-5 years and 13+/-5 years, respectively) were included in the study. Age- and sex-matched control groups for both the parents and the siblings were also included in the study. Brain perfusion images were obtained 1 h after the intravenous injection of an adjusted dose of Tc-99m HMPAO to children and the adults. Visual and semiquantitative evaluations were performed. Hypoperfusion was seen in the right posterior parietal cortex in three AC, in bilateral parietal cortex in one AC, bilateral frontal cortex in two AC, left parietal and temporal cortex in one AC, and right parietal and temporal cortex in one AC. Asymmetric perfusion was observed in the caudate nucleus in four AC. In semiquantitative analyses, statistically significant hypoperfusion was found in the right inferior and superior frontal, left superior frontal, right parietal, right mesial temporal and right caudate nucleus. In parents of AC, significant hypoperfusion was noted in the right parietal and bilateral inferior frontal cortex. In siblings of AC, perfusion in the right frontal cortex, right nucleus caudate and left parietal cortex was significantly decreased. This preliminary study suggests the existence of regional brain perfusion alterations in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex and in caudate nucleus in AC and in their first-degree family members.

  7. Synthesis, 99m Tc-labeling, and preliminary biological evaluation of DTPA-melphalan conjugates.

    PubMed

    Wang, Jianjun; Yang, Wenjiang; Xue, Jinquan; Zhang, Yanhua; Liu, Yu

    2017-12-01

    Melphalan (MFL) is a typical nitrogen mustard for the treatment of many types of cancer. For the purpose to develop novel 99m Tc-labeled tumor imaging agents with SPECT, MFL was directly labeled by 99m Tc using diethylene triamine pentacetate acid (DTPA) as bifunctional chelating agent. The novel ligands were successfully synthesized by conjugation of DTPA to MFL to get monosubstituted DTPA-MFL and bis-substituted DTPA-2MFL. Radiolabeling was performed in high yield to get 99m Tc-DTPA-MFL and 99m Tc-DTPA-2MFL, respectively, which were hydrophilic and stable at room temperature. The high initial tumor uptake with retention, good tumor/muscle ratios, and satisfactory scintigraphic images suggested the potential of 99m Tc-DTPA-MFL and 99m Tc-DTPA-2MFL for tumor imaging. However, the slow normal tissue clearance would be a great obstacle. Further modification on the linker and/or 99m Tc-chelate to improve the tumor targeting efficacy and in vivo kinetic profiles is currently in progress. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  8. Development of (99m)Tc-labeled asymmetric urea derivatives that target prostate-specific membrane antigen for single-photon emission computed tomography imaging.

    PubMed

    Kimura, Hiroyuki; Sampei, Sotaro; Matsuoka, Daiko; Harada, Naoya; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Arimitsu, Kenji; Ono, Masahiro; Saji, Hideo

    2016-05-15

    Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed strongly in prostate cancers and is, therefore, an attractive diagnostic and radioimmunotherapeutic target. In contrast to previous reports of PMSA-targeting (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl complexes that are cationic or lack a charge, no anionic (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl complexes have been reported. Notably, the hydrophilicity conferred by both cationic and anionic charges leads to rapid hepatobiliary clearance, whereas an anionic charge might better enhance renal clearance relative to a cationic charge. Therefore, an improvement in rapid clearance would be expected with either cationic or anionic charges, particularly anionic charges. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel anionic (99m)Tc-tricarbonyl complex ([(99m)Tc]TMCE) and evaluated its use as a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging probe for PSMA detection. Direct synthesis of [(99m)Tc]TMCE from dimethyl iminodiacetate, which contains both the asymmetric urea and succinimidyl moiety important for PSMA binding, was performed using our microwave-assisted one-pot procedure. The chelate formation was successfully achieved even though the precursor included a complicated bioactive moiety. The radiochemical yield of [(99m)Tc]TMCE was 12-17%, with a radiochemical purity greater than 98% after HPLC purification. [(99m)Tc]TMCE showed high affinity in vitro, with high accumulation in LNCaP tumors and low hepatic retention in biodistribution and SPECT/CT studies. These findings warrant further evaluation of [(99m)Tc]TMCE as an imaging agent and support the benefit of this strategy for the design of other PSMA imaging probes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Radioisotopic Purity of Sodium Pertechnetate 99mTc Produced with a Medium-Energy Cyclotron: Implications for Internal Radiation Dose, Image Quality, and Release Specifications.

    PubMed

    Selivanova, Svetlana V; Lavallée, Éric; Senta, Helena; Caouette, Lyne; Sader, Jayden A; van Lier, Erik J; Zyuzin, Alexander; van Lier, Johan E; Guérin, Brigitte; Turcotte, Éric; Lecomte, Roger

    2015-10-01

    Cyclotron production of 99mTc is a promising route to supply 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. Higher 99mTc yields can be obtained with medium-energy cyclotrons in comparison to those dedicated to PET isotope production. To take advantage of this capability, evaluation of the radioisotopic purity of 99mTc produced at medium energy (20-24 MeV) and its impact on image quality and dosimetry was required. Thick 100Mo (99.03% and 99.815%) targets were irradiated with incident energies of 20, 22, and 24 MeV for 2 or 6 h. The targets were processed to recover an effective thickness corresponding to approximately 5-MeV energy loss, and the resulting sodium pertechnetate 99mTc was assayed for chemical, radiochemical, and radionuclidic purity. Radioisotopic content in final formulation was quantified using γ-ray spectrometry. The internal radiation dose for 99mTc-pertechnetate was calculated on the basis of experimentally measured values and biokinetic data in humans. Planar and SPECT imaging were performed using thin capillary and water-filled Jaszczak phantoms. Extracted sodium pertechnetate 99mTc met all provisional quality standards. The formulated solution for injection had a pH of 5.0-5.5, contained greater than 98% of radioactivity in the form of pertechnetate ion, and was stable for at least 24 h after formulation. Radioisotopic purity of 99mTc produced with 99.03% enriched 100Mo was greater than 99.0% decay corrected to the end of bombardment (EOB). The radioisotopic purity of 99mTc produced with 99.815% enriched 100Mo was 99.98% or greater (decay corrected to the EOB). The estimated dose increase relative to 99mTc without any radionuclidic impurities was below 10% for sodium pertechnetate 99mTc produced from 99.03% 100Mo if injected up to 6 h after the EOB. For 99.815% 100Mo, the increase in effective dose was less than 2% at 6 h after the EOB and less than 4% at 15 h after the EOB when the target was irradiated at an incident energy of 24 MeV. Image spatial resolution

  10. Application values of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging for differentiating benign and malignant thymic masses.

    PubMed

    Lu, Chenghui; Wang, Xufu; Liu, Bin; Liu, Xinfeng; Wang, Guoming; Zhang, Qin

    2017-08-01

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the application value of 99m Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant thymic masses. A total of 32 patients with space-occupying mediastinal masses were enrolled and early and delayed-phase images were collected following injection with the imaging agent. The tumor to background ratio (T/N) values at the different phases were also recorded. The sensitivity of the qualitative analysis to distinguish between benign and malignant thymic masses was 95.24%, with specificity as 90.91%. The T/N values in the early and delayed phases were not significantly different in the group with benign thymic masses, but demonstrated statistical significant differences in the groups with low- and intermediate-grade malignant thymic masses. The T/N values at the above early and delayed phase were significantly different between the benign and low-grade malignancy groups, as well as between low- and moderate-grade malignancy groups. Those between the benign and moderate-grade malignancy groups demonstrated no significant difference. 99m Tc-MIBI imaging was able to differentiate between benign and malignant thymic masses, and the simultaneous semi-quantitative analysis of the T/N values of the tumors may be able to initially determine the degree of malignancy of thymoma.

  11. Positioning irrigation of contrast cystography for diagnosis of occult vesicoureteric reflux: association with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scans.

    PubMed

    Berger, Christoph; Becker, Tanja; Koen, Mark; Zeino, Mazen; Fitz, Friedrich; Beheshti, Mohsen; Wolf-Kohlmeier, Iris; Haim, Silke; Riccabona, Marcus

    2013-12-01

    Positioning irrigation of contrast (PIC) cystography identifies occult or PIC vesicoureteral reflux (PIC-VUR) in children with recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) but no vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) on standard voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). We sought to identify the relationship between PIC-VUR and renal scarring in technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans. We retrospectively analysed PIC cystograms and DMSA scans for 154 kidneys in 81 children (65 girls; 16 boys; median age, 4.7 years; range, 0.9-15.2). Renal scarring was graded on a scale of 0-3. DMSA scans were pathologic in 66 patients (81%). Children had experienced mean 3.8 febrile UTI (range 1-25). Forty-seven (58%) children had a history of reflux, including 15 (19%) with previous anti-reflux operations. Indications for PIC cystography were recurrence of febrile UTI after either bilateral negative VCUG (66 children) or unilateral VUR (15 children) with contralateral/bilateral scarring or reflux that had changed sides in subsequent VCUGs. PIC-VUR was bilateral in 63, unilateral in 12, and absent in 6 children. Statistically significant associations between PIC-VUR grade and severity of renal scarring were identified in inter-individual (n = 77, p = 0.017) and intra-individual (refluxing vs. nonrefluxing kidney; n = 12, p = 0.008) analyses. After excluding patients with history of VUR, statistical significance was maintained in inter-individual analysis (n = 49; p = 0.018). The data suggest an association between PIC-VUR and severity of renal scarring, and legitimise the use of PIC cystography in children with renal scarring due to recurrent febrile UTI but negative findings on VCUG. Copyright © 2012 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Deep liquid-chromatographic purification of uranium extract from technetium

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Volk, V.; Dvoeglazov, K; Podrezova, L.

    The recycling of uranium in the nuclear fuel cycle requires the removal of a number of radioactive and stable impurities like {sup 99}Tc from spent fuels. In order to improve the grade of uranium extract purification from technetium the method of liquid chromatography and the apparatus for its performance have been developed. Process of technetium extraction and concentrating in aqueous solution containing reducing agent has been studied on simulated solutions (U-Tc-HNO{sub 3}-30% TBP-isoparM). The dynamic tests of the method have been carried out on the laboratory unit. Solution of diformyl-hydrazine in nitric acid was used as a stationary phase. Silicamore » gel with specific surface of 186 m{sup 2}/g was used as a carrier of the stationary phase. It is shown that the volume of purified extract increases as the solution temperature increases, concentration of reducing agent increases and extract flow rate decreases. It is established that the technetium content in uranium by this method could achieve a value below 0.3 ppm. Some variants of overload and composition of the stationary phase containing the extracted technetium have been offered and tested. It is defined that the method provides reduction of processing medium-active wastes by more than 10 times during finish refining process. (authors)« less

  13. Dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI imaging and the expressions of P-gp, GST-π, and MRP1 in hyperparathyroidism.

    PubMed

    Xue, Jianjun; Liu, Yan; Yang, Danrong; Yu, Yan; Geng, Qianqian; Ji, Ting; Yang, Lulu; Wang, Qi; Wang, Yuanbo; Lu, Xueni; Yang, Aimin

    2017-10-01

    The aim of this study was to further elucidate the mechanisms of dual-phase technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) parathyroid imaging by exploring the association between early uptake results (EUR), delayed uptake results (DUR), and the retention index (RI) in dual-phase Tc-MIBI parathyroid imaging and P glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) expression in hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Preoperative dual-phase (early and delayed) Tc-MIBI imaging was performed on 74 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for HPT. EUR, DUR, and RI were calculated. P-gp, MRP1, and GST-π expressions were assessed using immunohistochemistry in resected tissue from HPT and control patients. The association between P-gp, MRP1, and GST-π expressions and EUR, DUR, and RI in HPT was evaluated. The positive rate of dual-phase T c-MIBI imaging was 91.89% (68/74) and the false-negative rate was 8.11% (6/74). P-gp and GST-π expressions were higher in tissues resected from control compared with HPT patients (47.37 and 81.5%, P<0.05); there was no difference in MRP1. EUR were associated with P-gp and GST-π expressions, and DUR were associated with MRP1 expression. There was a significant difference in MRP1 expression between RI greater than or equal to 0 and RI less than 0. There was no relationship between the sensitivity of dual-phase Tc-MIBI imaging and P-gp, MRP1, and GST-π expressions in resected parathyroid tissue. The six false-negative HPT cases consisted of three P-gp (-)/MRP1 (-) tissues, three P-gp (-)/GST-π (-) tissues, and four MRP1 (-)/GST-π (-) tissues. As P-gp and GST-π expressions were higher in tissues resected from control compared with HPT patients, Tc-MIBI may wash out faster from normal parathyroid tissue surrounding the lesion compared with the lesion itself, facilitating detection.

  14. Functional discrepancy between two liver lobes after hemilobe biliary drainage in patients with jaundice and bile duct cancer: an appraisal using (99m)Tc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Sumiyoshi, Tatsuaki; Shima, Yasuo; Okabayashi, Takehiro; Noda, Yoshihiro; Hata, Yasuhiro; Murata, Yoriko; Kozuki, Akihito; Tokumaru, Teppei; Nakamura, Toshio; Uka, Kiminori

    2014-11-01

    To determine the functional discrepancy between the two liver lobes using technetium 99m ((99m)Tc) diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin ( GSA diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin ) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) fusion imaging following preoperative biliary drainage and portal vein embolization ( PVE portal vein embolization ) in patients with jaundice who have bile duct cancer ( BDC bile duct cancer ). This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, with waiver of informed consent. Preoperative (99m)Tc- GSA diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin SPECT/CT fusion images from 32 patients with extrahepatic BDC bile duct cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of biliary drainage and presence of a preoperative right PVE portal vein embolization : right lobe drainage group (right drainage), bilateral lobe drainage group (bilateral drainage), left lobe drainage group (left drainage), and left lobe drainage with right PVE portal vein embolization group (left drainage with right PVE portal vein embolization ). Percentage volume and percentage function were measured in each lobe using fusion imaging. The ratio between percentage function and percentage volume (the function-to-volume ratio) was calculated for each lobe, and the results were compared among the four groups. Statistical analysis was performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. The median values for the function-to-volume ratio in the right drainage, bilateral drainage, left drainage, and left drainage with right PVE portal vein embolization group were 1.12, 1.05, 1.02, and 0.81 in the right lobe; and 0.51, 0.88, 0.96, and 1.17 in the left lobe. Significant differences in the function-to-volume ratio were observed among the four groups (right drainage vs bilateral

  15. Detection of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice using (99m)Tc-duramycin.

    PubMed

    Liu, Zhonglin; Larsen, Brandon T; Lerman, Lilach O; Gray, Brian D; Barber, Christy; Hedayat, Ahmad F; Zhao, Ming; Furenlid, Lars R; Pak, Koon Y; Woolfenden, James M

    2016-08-01

    Apoptosis of macrophages and smooth muscle cells is linked to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. The apoptotic cascade leads to exposure of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, thereby making apoptosis detectable using probes targeting PE. The objective of this study was to exploit capabilities of a PE-specific imaging probe, (99m)Tc-duramycin, in localizing atherosclerotic plaque and assessing plaque evolution in apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced in ApoE(-/-) mice by feeding an atherogenic diet. (99m)Tc-duramycin images were acquired using a small-animal SPECT imager. Six ApoE(-/-) mice at 20weeks of age (Group I) were imaged and then sacrificed for ex vivo analyses. Six additional ApoE(-/-) mice (Group II) were imaged at 20 and 40weeks of age before sacrifice. Six ApoE wild-type (ApoE(+/+)) mice (Group III) were imaged at 40weeks as controls. Five additional ApoE(-/-) mice (40weeks of age) (Group IV) were imaged with a (99m)Tc-labeled inactive peptide, (99m)Tc-LinDUR, to assess (99m)Tc-duramycin targeting specificity. Focal (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the ascending aorta and aortic arch was detected at 20 and 40weeks in the ApoE(-/-) mice but not in ApoE(+/+) mice. (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the aortic lesions increased 2.2-fold on quantitative imaging in the ApoE(-/-) mice between 20 and 40weeks. Autoradiographic and histological data indicated significantly increased (99m)Tc-duramycin uptake in the ascending aorta and aortic arch associated with advanced plaques. Quantitative autoradiography showed that the ratio of activity in the aortic arch to descending thoracic aorta, which had no plaques or radioactive uptake, was 2.1 times higher at 40weeks than at 20weeks (6.62±0.89 vs. 3.18±0.29, P<0.01). There was barely detectable focal uptake of (99m)Tc-duramycin in the aortic arch of ApoE(+/+) mice. No detectable (99m)Tc-LinDUR uptake was observed in the aortas of ApoE(-/-) mice. PE

  16. Preoperative localization of parathyroid carcinoma using Tc-99m MIBI.

    PubMed

    Kitapçi, M T; Tastekin, G; Turgut, M; Caner, B; Kars, A; Barista, I; Bekdik, C

    1993-03-01

    A patient with parathyroid cancer is presented who underwent Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy. The Tc-99m MIBI image demonstrated increased accumulation of activity at the lower pole of the left thyroid lobe which was later confirmed as a parathyroid cancer. Uptake by parathyroid cancer must be kept in mind as a cause of increased Tc-99m MIBI accumulation when a disease is in question in the thyroid or parathyroid gland.

  17. Evaluation of left ventricular wall motion and function in patients with previous myocardial infarction by three-dimensional 99mTc-HSAD multigated cardiac pool imaging.

    PubMed

    Yamazaki, J; Naitou, K; Ishida, S; Uno, N; Saisho, K; Munakata, T; Morishita, T; Takano, M; Yabe, Y

    1997-05-01

    To evaluate left ventricular (LV) wall motion stereoscopically from all directions and to calculate the LV volume by three-dimensional (3D) imaging. 99mTc-DTPA human serum albumin-multigated cardiac pool-single photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-MUGA-SPECT) was performed. A new data processing program was developed with the Application Visualization System-Medical Viewer (AVS-MV) based on images obtained from 99mTc-MUGA-SPECT. In patients with previous myocardial infarction, LV function and LV wall motion were evaluated by 3D-99mTc-MUGA imaging. The LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and end-systolic volume (LVESV) were obtained from 3D-99mTc-MUGA images by the surface rendering method, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated at thresholds of 35% (T1), 40% (T2), 45% (T3), and 50% (T4). There was a strong correlation between the LV volume calculated by 3D-99mTc-MUGA imaging at a threshold of 40% and that determined by contrast left ventriculography (LVEDV: 194.7 +/- 36.0 ml vs. 198.7 +/- 39.1 ml, r = 0.791, p < 0.001; LVESV: 91.6 +/- 44.5 ml vs. 93.3 +/- 41.3 ml, r = 0.953, p < 0.001), respectively. When compared with the LVEF data obtained by left ventriculography, significant correlations were found for 3D images reconstructed at each threshold (T1: r = 0.966; T2: r = 0.962; T3: r = 0.958; and T4: r = 0.955). In addition, when LV wall motion obtained by 3D-99mTc-MUGA imaging (LAT and LAO views) was compared with the results obtained by left ventriculography (RAO and LAO views), there was good agreement. 3D-99mTc-MUGA imaging was superior in allowing evaluation of LV wall motion in all directions and in assessment of LV function, since data acquisition and image reconstruction could be done within a short time with the three-detector imaging system and AVS-MV. This method appears to be very useful for the observation of both LV wall motion and LV function in patients with ischemic heart disease, because it is a noninvasive examination.

  18. The distribution of 99mTc-EHDP in the tissues of the dog and its application in the assessment of fracture healing.

    PubMed

    Hughes, S

    1977-07-01

    Technetium-labelled ethane hydroxydiphosphonate (99mTc-EHDP) is a commonly used bone-scanning agent. After injection it leaves the circulation to enter bone and to be cleared by the kidney. The transcapillary exchange of 99mTc-EHDP in bone was examined and found to be low. The capillary movement was compared with that of sucrose, a freely diffusible substance, and it was found that the permeability ratio of 99mTc-EHDP to 14C-sucrose was similar to the diffusion coefficient ratio, suggesting that 99mTc-EHDP passes through the capillaries by the process of passive diffusion. The renal clearance of 99mTc-EHDP was 24 ml/min and was unaffected by the action of parathyroid hormone. After a fracture the bone blood flow increases, although the transcapillary extraction of 99mTc-EHDP does not change. This is because there is an increase, from recruitment and dilatation of capillaries, in the surface area available for exchange. Therefore the increased isotopic activity seen on a bone scan after a fracture is primarily related to an increase in bone blood supply from capillary enhancement within the cortex.

  19. Scintigraphic imaging of Staphylococcus aureus infection using 99mTc radiolabeled aptamers.

    PubMed

    Santos, Sara Roberta Dos; de Sousa Lacerda, Camila Maria; Ferreira, Iêda Mendes; de Barros, André Luís Branco; Fernandes, Simone Odília; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento; de Andrade, Antero Silva Ribeiro

    2017-10-01

    Staphylococcus aureus is a specie of great medical importance associated with many infections as bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device related infections. Early identification of infectious foci is crucial for successful treatment. Scintigraphy could contribute to this purpose since specific radiotracers were available. Aptamers due to their high specificity have great potential for radiopharmaceuticals development. In the present study scintigraphic images of S. aureus infectious foci were obtained using specific S. aureus aptamers radiolabeled with 99m Tc. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Improvement of Cerebral Hypoperfusion with Levothyroxine Therapy in Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Demonstrated by 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT

    PubMed Central

    Schnedl, Wolfgang J.; Mirzaei, Siroos; Wallner-Liebmann, Sandra J.; Tafeit, Erwin; Mangge, Harald; Krause, Robert; Lipp, Rainer W.

    2013-01-01

    Background Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare immune-mediated encephalopathy associated with autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Objectives and Methods We report on a patient with HE and significant clinical improvement correlating with an increase in cerebral blood flow demonstrated by hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). HMPAO-SPECT was performed with 740 MBq of technetium-99m-HMPAO. To demonstrate the improvement in regional cerebral blood flow, individual regions of interest were drawn around visually diminished HMPAO uptake, the lesion to reference region ratio was calculated and transverse section images and semi-quantitative measurements were performed. Results We show a 5-year follow-up with significant clinical improvement, a 10-fold reduction in autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase and an approximately 20% improvement in cerebral blood flow with HMPAO-SPECT. Conclusion Adequate levothyroxine treatment achieving and maintaining euthyroidism should be considered as therapy to lower autoantibodies and improve clinical outcome in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and encephalopathy. PMID:24783049

  1. Radioguided parathyroidectomy for recurrent parathyroid cancer.

    PubMed

    Placzkowski, Kimberly; Christian, Rose; Chen, Herbert

    2007-05-01

    We report a case of radioguided parathyroidectomy in a patient with parathyroid carcinoma. A 61-year-old woman presented to our center with persistent hypercalcemia (17.2 mg/dL) and hyperparathyroidism (PTH=324 pg/mL) following her second neck resection for recurrent parathyroid carcinoma at an outside facility. Her elevated serum calcium had not responded to treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates, furosemide, or calcitonin. Calcimemetic therapy (Cinacalcet) was effective but had to be discontinued due to GI intolerance. She requested a second opinion at our center after being referred for palliative radiation therapy for presumed inoperable disease. On presentation, she remained symptomatic with bone and joint pain, diffuse abdominal pain and fatigue. Repeat technetium-99m sestamibi (Tc-99m sestamibi) scintigraphy showed a faint area of uptake near the right clavicular head, adjacent to the site of her previous resections. With the intraoperative guidance of a hand-held gamma probe, a 2 cm recurrent parathyroid carcinoma was located and successfully excised. Intraoperative PTH levels confirmed surgical cure of this previously undetected foci of disease. The use of radioguidance and intraoperative PTH monitoring were the keys to a successful resection, and our patient remains disease free with 17 months of follow-up.

  2. Streptozotocin (STZ) and schistosomiasis mansoni change the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical sodium (99m)Tc-pertechnetate in mice.

    PubMed

    Góes, Vanessa Coelho; Neves, Renata Heisler; Arnóbio, Adriano; Bernardo-Filho, Mario; Machado-Silva, José Roberto

    2016-09-01

    Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) is a radionuclide commonly used in nuclear medicine to obtain (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals, which can be used to evaluate either physiological processes or changes related to diseases. It is also used in some experimental studies. Streptozotocin (STZ) administration to rodents causes lesions in very early stages and induces severe and permanent diabetes. Most morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni is attributed to a granulomatous inflammatory response and associated liver fibrosis. This study was designed to investigate whether STZ administration and schistosomiasis modify the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium (99m)Tc-pertechnetate. Adult female mice were infected by exposure to 100Schistosoma mansoni cercariae (BH strain, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) and euthanized after nine weeks. STZ was administered by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100mg/kg body weight, 3 or 15days before euthanasia. Each animal received 100μl of sodium (Na) (99m)Tc-pertechnetate ((99m)TcO4(-)) (740kBq). The animals were divided into four groups: A, uninfected; B, infected; C, uninfected + STZ; and D, infected + STZ. Blood, brain, thyroid, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys were removed. The radioactivity was counted and the percentage of the injected dose of Na(99m)TcO4 per gram of the organ (% ID/g) was determined. Three days after the STZ injection, there was a decrease of Na(99m)TcO4 uptake by the liver, lungs, pancreas and kidneys (p<0.05) in group D when compared with group A. After 15days, the decrease of Na(99m)TcO4 uptake occurred also in the brain, thyroid, heart, spleen and blood (p<0.05) in group D. We demonstrated modifications on the biodistribution of Na(99m)TcO4 due to STZ administration and schistosomiasis, possibly due to physiological alterations in some organs. The biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical Na(99m)TcO4 should be carefully evaluated in subjects with diabetes and/or schistosomiasis infection. Copyright

  3. A Tc-99m-labeled long chain fatty acid derivative for myocardial imaging.

    PubMed

    Magata, Yasuhiro; Kawaguchi, Takayoshi; Ukon, Misa; Yamamura, Norio; Uehara, Tomoya; Ogawa, Kazuma; Arano, Yasushi; Temma, Takashi; Mukai, Takahiro; Tadamura, Eiji; Saji, Hideo

    2004-01-01

    C-11- and I-123-labeled long chain fatty acid derivatives have been reported as useful radiopharmaceuticals for the estimation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism. We have reported that Tc-99m-labeled N-[[[(2-mercaptoethyl)amino]carbonyl]methyl]-N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-6-aminohexanoic acid ([(99m)Tc]MAMA-HA), a medium chain fatty acid derivative, is metabolized by beta-oxidation in the liver and that the MAMA ligand is useful for attaching to the omega-position of fatty acid derivatives as a chelating group for Tc-99m. On the basis of these findings, we focused on developing a Tc-99m-labeled long chain fatty acid derivative that reflected fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium. In this study, we synthesized a dodecanoic acid derivative, MAMA-DA, and a hexadecanoic acid derivative, MAMA-HDA, and performed radiolabeling and biodistribution studies. [(99m)Tc]MAMA-DA and [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA were prepared using a ligand-exchange reaction. Biodistribution studies were carried out in normal mice and rats. Then, a high initial uptake of Tc-99m was observed, followed by a rapid clearance from the heart. The maximum heart/blood ratio was 3.6 at 2 min postinjection of [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA. These kinetics were similar to those with postinjection of p-[(125)I]iodophenylpentadecanoic acid. Metabolite analysis showed [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA was metabolized by beta-oxidation in the body. In conclusion, [(99m)Tc]MAMA-HDA is a promising compound as a long chain fatty acid analogue for estimating beta-oxidation of fatty acid in the heart.

  4. Diversification in the Supply Chain of (99)Mo Ensures a Future for (99m)Tc.

    PubMed

    Cutler, Cathy S; Schwarz, Sally W

    2014-07-01

    The uncertain availability of (99m)Tc has become a concern for nuclear medicine departments across the globe. An issue for the United States is that currently it is dependent on a supply of (99m)Tc (from (99)Mo) that is derived solely by production outside the United States. Since the United States uses half the world's (99)Mo production, the U.S. (99)Mo supply chain would be greatly enhanced if a producer were located within the United States. The fragility of the old (99)Mo supply chain is being addressed as new facilities are constructed and new processes are developed to produce (99)Mo without highly enriched uranium. The conversion to low-enriched uranium is necessary to minimize the potential misuse of highly enriched uranium in the world for nonpeaceful means. New production facilities, new methods for the production of (99)Mo, and a new generator elution system for the supply of (99m)Tc are currently being pursued. The progress made in all these areas will be discussed, as they all highlight the need to embrace diversity to ensure that we have a robust and reliable supply of (99m)Tc in the future. © 2014 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

  5. Myocardial impairment detected by late gadolinium enhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: comparison with 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin and 123I-BMIPP SPECT.

    PubMed

    Hashimura, Hiromi; Kiso, Keisuke; Yamada, Naoaki; Kono, Atsushi; Morita, Yoshiaki; Fukushima, Kazuto; Higashi, Masahiro; Noguchi, Teruo; Ishibashi-Ueda, Hatsue; Naito, Hiroaki; Sugimura, Kazuro

    2013-06-17

    Myocardial fibrosis is considered to be an important factor in myocardial dysfunction and sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The purpose of this study was to compare myocardial fibrosis detected by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac MRI with myocardial perfusion and fatty acid metabolism assessed by single photon emission computed tomography in HCM. We retrospectively evaluated 20 consecutive HCM patients (female, 7; mean age, 53.4 years) who underwent LGE, technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile/tetrofosmin (99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin), and iodine-123 beta-methyl-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) imaging. We calculated the myocardium-to-lumen signal ratio (M/L) for LGE in 17 segments based on the American Heart Association statement. Scoring of 99mTc-MIBI/tetrofosmin (PI) and 123I-BMIPP (BM) was performed for each segment using a 5-point scale (0, normal; 4, highly decreased). Nineteen of 20 patients (95%) and 153 of 340 segments (45%) showed LGE. M/Ls were 0.42±0.16, 0.55±0.17, and 0.65±0.24 in PI0/BM0, PI0/BM1-4 and PI1-4/BM1-4, respectively. All M/Ls were significantly higher than that of a normal control (0.34±0.14) (p<0.001). Myocardial fibrosis in HCM can occur despite normal perfusion and fatty acid metabolism, and is more strongly associated with disorders of fatty acid metabolism than with perfusion abnormalities. M/L may be a useful indicator of disease severity.

  6. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of two peptide LyeTx I derivatives modified with the chelating agent HYNIC for radiolabeling with technetium-99m.

    PubMed

    Fuscaldi, Leonardo Lima; Dos Santos, Daniel Moreira; Pinheiro, Natália Gabriela Silva; Araújo, Raquel Silva; de Barros, André Luís Branco; Resende, Jarbas Magalhães; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; de Lima, Maria Elena; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

    2016-01-01

    Current diagnostic methods and imaging techniques are not able to differentiate septic and aseptic inflammation. Thus, reliable methods are sought to provide this distinction and scintigraphic imaging is an interesting option, since it is based on physiological changes. In this context, radiolabeled antimicrobial peptides have been investigated as they accumulate in infectious sites instead of aseptic inflammation. The peptide LyeTx I, from the venom of Lycosa erythrognatha, has potent antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize LyeTx I derivatives with the chelating compound HYNIC, to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and to radiolabel them with (99m)Tc. Two LyeTx I derivatives, HYNIC-LyeTx I (N-terminal modification) and LyeTx I-K-HYNIC (C-terminal modification), were synthesized by Fmoc strategy and purified by RP-HPLC. The purified products were assessed by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS analysis. Microbiological assays were performed against S. aureus (ATCC® 6538) and E. coli (ATCC® 10536) in liquid medium to calculate the MIC. The radiolabeling procedure of LyeTx I-K-HYNIC with (99m)Tc was performed in the presence of co-ligands (tricine and EDDA) and reducing agent (SnCl2 (.) 2H2O), and standardized taking into account the amount of peptide, reducing agent, pH and heating. Radiochemical purity analysis was performed by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel strips and the radiolabeled compound was assessed by RP-HPLC and radioactivity measurement of the collected fractions. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (p-values < 0.05). Both LyeTx I derivatives were suitably synthesized and purified, as shown by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS analysis. The microbiological test showed that HYNIC-LyeTx I (N-terminal modification) did not inhibit bacterial growth, whereas LyeTx I-K-HYNIC (C-terminal modification) showed a MIC of 5.05 μmol(.)L(-1) (S. aureus) and 10.10 μmol(.)L(-1) (E. coli). Thus, only the latter was radiolabeled

  7. Diagnostic value of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 scintimammography for differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions: Comparison of visual and semi-quantitative analysis.

    PubMed

    Chen, Qianqian; Xie, Qian; Zhao, Min; Chen, Bin; Gao, Shi; Zhang, Haishan; Xing, Hua; Ma, Qingjie

    2015-01-01

    To compare the diagnostic value of visual and semi-quantitative analysis of technetium-99m-poly-ethylene glycol, 4-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ((99m)Tc-3PRGD2) scintimammography (SMG) for better differentiation of benign from malignant breast masses, and also investigate the incremental role of semi-quantitative index of SMG. A total of 72 patients with breast lesions were included in the study. Technetium-99m-3PRGD2 SMG was performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPET) at 60 min after intravenous injection of 749 ± 86MBq of the radiotracer. Images were evaluated by visual interpretation and semi-quantitative indices of tumor to non-tumor (T/N) ratios, which were compared with pathology results. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the optimal visual grade, to calculate cut-off values of semi-quantitative indices, and to compare visual and semi-quantitative diagnostic values. Among the 72 patients, 89 lesions were confirmed by histopathology after fine needle aspiration biopsy or surgery, 48 malignant and 41 benign lesions. The mean T/N ratio of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SMG in malignant lesions was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (P<0.05). When grade 2 of the disease was used as cut-off value for the detection of primary breast cancer, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 81.3%, 70.7%, and 76.4%, respectively. When a T/N ratio of 2.01 was used as cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 79.2%, 75.6%, and 77.5%, respectively. According to ROC analysis, the area under the curve for semi-quantitative analysis was higher than that for visual analysis, but the statistical difference was not significant (P=0.372). Compared with visual analysis or semi-quantitative analysis alone, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of visual analysis combined with semi-quantitative analysis in diagnosing primary breast cancer were higher, being: 87.5%, 82.9%, and 85

  8. Assessment of alveolar epithelial permeability in Behçet's disease with 99mTc-DTPA aerosol scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Gumuser, Fikriye G; Pirildar, Timur; Batok, Dilek; Sakar, Aysin; Ruksen, Ebru; Sayit, Elvan

    2008-06-01

    Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem disorder characterized by vasculitis, and consists of a triad of recurrent ulcers of the oral and genital mucosa with relapsing uveitis. The prevalance of pulmonary involvement varies in the range of 1-10% in various studies and its complications are severe and life threatening. In this study, we investigated the changes of pulmonary epithelial permeability of patients with BD using technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) aerosol scintigraphy, so as to begin the therapy regimen as soon as possible. Twenty-one nonsmoking patients with BD (8 women, 13 men; mean age 38.67 +/- 8.86 years) and 15 healthy volunteer nonsmoking controls (8 women, 7 men; mean age 50.87 +/- 12.45 years) underwent (99m)Tc-DTPA aerosol inhalation scintigraphy and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Subjects inhaled 1480 MBq of (99m)Tc-DTPA for 4 min in the supine position. Scintigraphic data were recorded dynamically (1 frame/min) in the posterior projection on a 64 x 64 matrix for a 30-min period using a double-headed gamma camera (Infinia, GE, Tirat Hacarmel, Israel) equipped with a low-energy all-purpose parallel hole collimator. Half time of (99m)Tc-DTPA clearance (T (1/2)) was calculated by placing a mono-exponential fit on the curves. Penetration index (PI) was also calculated by dividing the peripheral total counts by the sum of the peripheral and central total counts on the first minute image, in order to quantify the distribution of the inhaled aerosol. The clearance half time of (99m)Tc-DTPA radioaerosols in the BD patients (24.81 +/- 6.22 min) was faster than in the normal control group (46.53 +/- 22.41 min) (P = 0.004). There was also a significant difference between PI of the patients with BD (0.15 +/- 0.03) and that of the controls (0.21 +/- 0.06) (P = 0.002). No correlation was found between the mean T (1/2) values of (99m)Tc-DTPA clearance or the spirometric measurements in the BD patients. Penetration indices

  9. Rhenium solubility in borosilicate nuclear waste glass: implications for the processing and immobilization of technetium-99.

    PubMed

    McCloy, John S; Riley, Brian J; Goel, Ashutosh; Liezers, Martin; Schweiger, Michael J; Rodriguez, Carmen P; Hrma, Pavel; Kim, Dong-Sang; Lukens, Wayne W; Kruger, Albert A

    2012-11-20

    The immobilization of technetium-99 ((99)Tc) in a suitable host matrix has proven to be a challenging task for researchers in the nuclear waste community around the world. In this context, the present work reports on the solubility and retention of rhenium, a nonradioactive surrogate for (99)Tc, in a sodium borosilicate glass. Glasses containing target Re concentrations from 0 to 10,000 ppm [by mass, added as KReO(4) (Re(7+))] were synthesized in vacuum-sealed quartz ampules to minimize the loss of Re from volatilization during melting at 1000 °C. The rhenium was found as Re(7+) in all of the glasses as observed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure. The solubility of Re in borosilicate glasses was determined to be ~3000 ppm (by mass) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. At higher rhenium concentrations, additional rhenium was retained in the glasses as crystalline inclusions of alkali perrhenates detected with X-ray diffraction. Since (99)Tc concentrations in a glass waste form are predicted to be <10 ppm (by mass), these Re results implied that the solubility should not be a limiting factor in processing radioactive wastes, assuming Tc as Tc(7+) and similarities between Re(7+) and Tc(7+) behavior in this glass system.

  10. Discovery of rhenium and masurium (technetium) by Ida Noddack-Tacke and Walter Noddack. Forgotten heroes of nuclear medicine.

    PubMed

    Biersack, H-J; Stelzner, F; Knapp, F F

    2015-01-01

    The history of the early identification of elements and their designation to the Mendeleev Table of the Elements was an important chapter in German science in which Ida (1896-1978) and Walter (1893-1960) Noddack played an important role in the first identification of rhenium (element 75, 1925) and technetium (element 43, 1933). In 1934 Ida Noddack was also the first to predict fission of uranium into smaller atoms. Although the Noddacks did not for some time later receive the recognition for the first identification of technetium-99m, their efforts have appropriately more recently been recognized. The discoveries of these early pioneers are even more astounding in light of the limited technologies and resources which were available during this period. The Noddack discoveries of elements 43 and 75 are related to the subsequent use of rhenium-188 (beta/gamma emitter) and technetium-99m (gamma emitter) in nuclear medicine. In particular, the theranostic relationship between these two generator-derived radioisotopes has been demonstrated and offers new opportunities in the current era of personalized medicine.

  11. Microbial methods of reducing technetium

    DOEpatents

    Wildung, Raymond E [Richland, WA; Garland, Thomas R [Greybull, WY; Gorby, Yuri A [Richland, WA; Hess, Nancy J [Benton City, WA; Li, Shu-Mei W [Richland, WA; Plymale, Andrew E [Richland, WA

    2001-01-01

    The present invention is directed toward a method for microbial reduction of a technetium compound to form other compounds of value in medical imaging. The technetium compound is combined in a mixture with non-growing microbial cells which contain a technetium-reducing enzyme system, a stabilizing agent and an electron donor in a saline solution under anaerobic conditions. The mixture is substantially free of an inorganic technetium reducing agent and its reduction products. The resulting product is Tc of lower oxidation states, the form of which can be partially controlled by the stabilizing agent. It has been discovered that the microorganisms Shewanella alga, strain Bry and Shewanelia putrifacians, strain CN-32 contain the necessary enzyme systems for technetium reduction and can form both mono nuclear and polynuclear reduced Tc species depending on the stabilizing agent.

  12. Whole-Body Imaging of High-Dose Ionizing Irradiation-Induced Tissue Injuries Using 99mTc-Duramycin

    PubMed Central

    Johnson, Steven E.; Li, Zhixin; Liu, Yu; Moulder, John E.; Zhao, Ming

    2013-01-01

    High-dose ionizing irradiation can cause extensive injuries in susceptible tissues. A noninvasive imaging technique that detects a surrogate marker of apoptosis may help characterize the dynamics of radiation-induced tissue damage. The goal of this study was to prove the concept of imaging the temporal and spatial distribution of damage in susceptible tissues after high-dose radiation exposure, using 99mTc-duramycin as a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding radiopharmaceutical. Methods Rats were subjected to 15 Gy of total-body irradiation with x-rays. Planar whole-body 99mTc-duramycin scanning (n = 4 per time point) was conducted at 24, 48, and 72 h using a clinical γ-camera. On the basis of findings from planar imaging, preclinical SPECT data were acquired on control rats and on irradiated rats at 6 and 24 h after irradiation (n = 4 per time point). Imaging data were validated by γ-counting and histology, using harvested tissues in parallel groups of animals (n = 4). Results Prominent focal uptake was detected in the thymus as early as 6 h after irradiation, followed by a gradual decline in 99mTc-duramycin binding accompanied by extensive thymic atrophy. Early (6–24 h) radioactivity uptake in the gastrointestinal region was detected. Significant signal was seen in major bones in a slightly delayed fashion, at 24 h, which persisted for at least 2 d. This finding was paralleled by an elevation in signal intensity in the kidneys, spleen, and liver. The imaging results were consistent with ex vivo γ-counting results and histology. Relatively high levels of apoptosis were detected from histology in the thymus, guts, and bones, with the thymus undergoing substantial atrophy. Conclusion As a proof of principle, this study demonstrated a noninvasive imaging technique that allows characterization of the temporal and spatial dynamics of injuries in susceptible tissues during the acute phase after high-dose ionizing irradiation. Such an imaging capability will potentially

  13. Mammary lymphoscintigraphy with various radiopharmaceuticals in breast cancer.

    PubMed

    Imoto, S; Murakami, K; Ikeda, H; Fukukita, H; Moriyama, N

    1999-10-01

    Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in breast cancer is a promising surgical technique that avoids unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection. To optimize lymphatic mapping with radiopharmaceuticals, mammary lymphoscintigraphy with 30-50 MBq of technetium-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid human serum albumin (99mTc-HSAD), technetium-99m-human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA), or technetium-99m-tin colloid (99mTc-TC) were investigated in 69 cases of primary breast cancer. Dynamic early images were obtained during the first 30 or 40 minutes, and static delayed images were obtained 6 hours after tracer injection. Hot spots as sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) appeared in 51 of 69 cases (74%): in early images in 27 cases and in delayed images in 24 cases. SLNs were visualized more frequently in 23 of the 26 cases (88%) treated with 99mTc-HSAD and in 21 of the 24 cases (88%) treated with 99mTc-HSA than in only 7 of the 19 cases (37%) treated with 99mTc-TC. In 26 of the 51 cases, SLNs were identified as faint spots in delayed images. There was a significant difference in the first appearance of SLNs on the lymphoscintiscan between 43 cases of dense breast parenchyma and 26 cases of fatty breast parenchyma. These results suggest that 99mTc-HSAD or 99mTc-HSA is acceptable for lymphatic mapping, but in cases which have faint spots in delayed images or fatty breast parenchyma, gamma probe-guided SNB may result in failure or misleading false-negative SLNs.

  14. Recent achievements in Tc-99m radiopharmaceutical direct production by medical cyclotrons.

    PubMed

    Boschi, Alessandra; Martini, Petra; Pasquali, Micol; Uccelli, Licia

    2017-09-01

    99m Tc is the most commonly used radionuclide in the field of diagnostic imaging, a noninvasive method intended to diagnose a disease, assess the disease state and monitor the effects of treatments. Annually, the use of 99m Tc, covers about 85% of nuclear medicine applications. This isotope releases gamma rays at about the same wavelength as conventional X-ray diagnostic equipment, and owing to its short half-life (t ½  = 6 h) is ideal for diagnostic nuclear imaging. A patient can be injected with a small amount of 99m Tc and within 24 h almost 94% of the injected radionuclide would have decayed and left the body, limiting the patient's radiation exposure. 99m Tc is usually supplied to hospitals through a 99 Mo/ 99m Tc radionuclide generator system where it is produced from the β decay of the parent nuclide 99 Mo (t ½  = 66 h), which is produced in nuclear reactors via neutron fission. Recently, the interruption of the global supply chain of reactor-produced 99 Mo, has forced the scientific community to investigate alternative production routes for 99m Tc. One solution was to consider cyclotron-based methods as potential replacement of reactor-based technology and the nuclear reaction 100 Mo(p,2n) 99m Tc emerged as the most worthwhile approach. This review reports some achievements about 99m Tc produced by medical cyclotrons. In particular, the available technologies for target design, the most efficient extraction and separation procedure developed for the purification of 99m Tc from the irradiated targets, the preparation of high purity 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals and the first clinical studies carried out with cyclotron produced 99m Tc are described.

  15. Radionuclide imaging in herpes simplex encephalitis. [/sup 99m/Tc tracer techniques

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Karlin, C.A.; Robinson, R.G.; Hinthorn, D.R.

    1978-01-01

    Eight patients with herpes simplex encephalitis among the 10 cases diagnosed at the University of Kansas Medical Center from 1966 to 1976 were studied with /sup 99m/Tc early in their diagnostic work-up. The images were unilaterally positive in the temporal lobe area in all 8 patients. Radionuclide studies can suggest herpes simplex as the specific etiology in cases of encephalitis and can also indicate the best site for brain biopsy to confirm the diagnosis by fluorescent antibody techniques. Appropriate antiviral therapy should be instituted as soon as possible to alter the course of this destructive form of viral encephalitis.

  16. Pharmacokinetics of 99mTc-MAA- and 99mTc-HSA-Microspheres Used in Preradioembolization Dosimetry: Influence on the Liver-Lung Shunt.

    PubMed

    Grosser, Oliver S; Ruf, Juri; Kupitz, Dennis; Pethe, Annette; Ulrich, Gerhard; Genseke, Philipp; Mohnike, Konrad; Pech, Maciej; Richter, Wolf S; Ricke, Jens; Amthauer, Holger

    2016-06-01

    Perfusion scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-labeled albumin aggregates is mandatory before hepatic radioembolization with (90)Y-microspheres. As part of a prospective trial, the intrahepatic and intrapulmonary stability of 2 albumin compounds, (99m)Tc-MAA (macroaggregated serum albumin [MAA]) and (99m)Tc-HSA (human serum albumin [HSA]), was assessed. In 24 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, biodistribution (liver, lung) and liver-lung shunt (LLS) of both tracers (12 patients each) were assessed by sequential planar scintigraphy (1, 5, and 24 h after injection). Liver uptake of both albumin compounds decreased differently. Although initial LLSs at 1 h after injection were similar in both groups, MAA-LLS increased significantly from 1 (3.9%) to 5 h (7.7%) and 24 h (9.9%) after injection, respectively. HSA-LLS did not change significantly (1 to 5 h), indicating a steady state of pulmonary and intrahepatic degradation. Compared with (99m)Tc-MAA-microspheres, (99m)Tc-HSA-microspheres are likely more resistant to degradation over time, allowing a reliable LLS determination even at later time points. © 2016 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

  17. Functional renal imaging: new trends in radiology and nuclear medicine.

    PubMed

    Durand, Emmanuel; Chaumet-Riffaud, Philippe; Grenier, Nicolas

    2011-01-01

    The objective of this work is to compare the characteristics of various techniques for functional renal imaging, with a focus on nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging. Even with low spatial resolution and rather poor signal-to-noise ratio, classical nuclear medicine has the advantage of linearity and good sensitivity. It remains the gold standard technique for renal relative functional assessment. Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled diethylenetriamine penta-acetate remains the reference glomerular tracer. Tubular tracers have been improved: (123)I- or (131)I-hippuran, (99m)Tc-MAG3 and, recently, (99m)Tc-nitrilotriacetic acid. However, advancement in molecular imaging has not produced a groundbreaking tracer. Renal magnetic resonance imaging with classical gadolinated tracers probably has potential in this domain but has a lack of linearity and, therefore, its value still needs evaluation. Moreover, the advent of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has delayed its expansion. Other developments, such as diffusion or blood oxygen level-dependent imaging, may have a role in the future. The other modalities have a limited role in clinical practice for functional renal imaging. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Comparison of 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18 F-AV-133 PET imaging in healthy controls and Parkinson's disease patients.

    PubMed

    Hsiao, Ing-Tsung; Weng, Yi-Hsin; Lin, Wey-Yil; Hsieh, Chia-Ju; Wey, Shiaw-Pyng; Yen, Tzu-Chen; Kung, Mei-Ping; Lu, Chin-Song; Lin, Kun-Ju

    2014-04-01

    (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 is the first clinical routine (99m)Tc radiopharmaceutical to evaluate dopamine neurons loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). (18)F-AV-133 is a novel PET radiotracer targeting the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) to detect monoaminergic terminal reduction in PD patients. The aim of this study is to compare both images in the same health control (HC) and PD subjects. Eighteen subjects (8 HC and 10 PD) were recruited for (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 SPECT, (18)F-AV-133 PET and MRI scans within two weeks. The SPECT images were performed at 4-h post-injection for 45 min, and the PET images were performed at 90 min post-injection for 10 min. Each PET and SPECT image was normalized into Montreal Neurological Institute template aided from individual MRI for comparison. For regional analysis, volume of interest (VOIs) of bilateral caudate nuclei, anterior, posterior putamen and occipital cortex (as reference region) were delineated from the normalized MRI. The specific uptake ratio (SUR) was calculated as (regional mean counts/reference mean counts-1). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the power of differentiating control from PD subjects for both image modalities. The correlations of the SURs to the clinical parameters were examined. For voxelwise analysis, two-sample t-test for group comparison between HC and PD was computed in both image modalities. The SURs of caudate nucleus and putamen correlated well between two image modalities (r = 0.81, p<0.001), and showed significant different between HC and PD subjects. Of note, the (18)F-AV-133 SUR displayed a better correlation to PD clinical laterality index as compared to (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 (r = 0.73 vs. r = 0.33). Voxelwise analysis showed more lesions for PD subjects from (18)F-AV-133 image as compared to (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 especially at the substantia nigra region. (18)F-AV-133 PET demonstrated similar performance in differentiation PD from control, and a better correlation to clinical

  19. /sup 99m/Tc-IDA hepatobiliary imaging following upper abdominal surgery. [IDA = acetanilide iminodiacetic acid

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rosenthall, L.; Fonseca, C.; Arzoumanian, A.

    1979-03-01

    Bile flow patterns were studied with serial /sup 99m/Tc-IDA images in 19 patients with cholecysto- and choledochointestinal anastomoses, gastroenteric bypasses, and combinations of the two. Complications such as anastomotic, afferent, and efferent loop obstruction and bile leakage were readily detected even in the presence of jaundice. This noninvasive technique warrants further investigation to determine its indications and weaknesses.

  20. Diagnosis of Pediatric Hyperthyroidism: Technetium 99 Uptake Versus Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulins

    PubMed Central

    Misra, Madhusmita; Levitsky, Lynne L.

    2015-01-01

    Background: Treatment with antithyroid drugs is effective in conditions of increased thyroid hormone production (mostly Graves' Disease; GD), but not in subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) make GD likely. However, not all children with GD have increased TSI. Uptake studies with 123I or 99Tc (99mTc) provide accurate and rapid diagnosis but are expensive and involve radiation exposure. Our objective was to compare TSI with 99mTc uptake for diagnosis of pediatric hyperthyroidism. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of hyperthyroid children who had both TSI estimation and 99mTc uptake assessment at presentation. Based on subsequent laboratory studies and follow-up, 37 had GD and 10 had non-GD thyroiditis. The TSI index was considered positive (TSI+) when it was above the upper limit of normal. 99mTc uptake was considered positive (Tc+) for any uptake >0.4% and negative (and low) (Tc-) for uptake ≤0.4%. Results: Forty-seven youth (83% females), aged 12.3±4.6 years, presented with a suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. All 37 patients with GD were Tc+ (100% sensitivity and specificity). The sensitivity of TSI for diagnosing GD was 84%, and the specificity was 100%. Six patients with GD were discordant with Tc+ but TSI–. Elevated TSI correlated with Tc+ (p=0.01) with a degree of agreement (kappa) of 0.69. Conclusion: 99mTc has excellent specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing GD. Given additional costs of 99mTc (two and a half times as much as TSI), it is reasonable to reserve 99mTc uptake assessment for hyperthyroidism of unclear etiology and negative TSI. PMID:25257665

  1. Diagnosis of pediatric hyperthyroidism: technetium 99 uptake versus thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins.

    PubMed

    Baskaran, Charumathi; Misra, Madhusmita; Levitsky, Lynne L

    2015-01-01

    Treatment with antithyroid drugs is effective in conditions of increased thyroid hormone production (mostly Graves' Disease; GD), but not in subacute thyroiditis (SAT) or autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) make GD likely. However, not all children with GD have increased TSI. Uptake studies with (123)I or (99)Tc ((99m)Tc) provide accurate and rapid diagnosis but are expensive and involve radiation exposure. Our objective was to compare TSI with (99m)Tc uptake for diagnosis of pediatric hyperthyroidism. We performed a retrospective chart review of hyperthyroid children who had both TSI estimation and (99m)Tc uptake assessment at presentation. Based on subsequent laboratory studies and follow-up, 37 had GD and 10 had non-GD thyroiditis. The TSI index was considered positive (TSI+) when it was above the upper limit of normal. (99m)Tc uptake was considered positive (Tc+) for any uptake >0.4% and negative (and low) (Tc-) for uptake ≤0.4%. Forty-seven youth (83% females), aged 12.3±4.6 years, presented with a suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine and total triiodothyronine. All 37 patients with GD were Tc+ (100% sensitivity and specificity). The sensitivity of TSI for diagnosing GD was 84%, and the specificity was 100%. Six patients with GD were discordant with Tc+ but TSI-. Elevated TSI correlated with Tc+ (p=0.01) with a degree of agreement (kappa) of 0.69. (99m)Tc has excellent specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing GD. Given additional costs of (99m)Tc (two and a half times as much as TSI), it is reasonable to reserve (99m)Tc uptake assessment for hyperthyroidism of unclear etiology and negative TSI.

  2. An improved 99mTc-HYNIC-(Ser)3-LTVSPWY peptide with EDDA/tricine as co-ligands for targeting and imaging of HER2 overexpression tumor.

    PubMed

    Khodadust, Fatemeh; Ahmadpour, Sajjad; Aligholikhamseh, Nazan; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal

    2018-01-20

    Overexpression of human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) has given the opportunity for targeting and delivering of imaging radiotracers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 99m Tc-HYNIC-(EDDA/tricine)-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY peptide for tumor targeting and imaging of tumor with overexpression of HER2. The HYNIC-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY was labeled with 99m Tc in presence of EDDA/tricine mixture as co-ligands. The in vitro and in vivo studies of this radiolabeled peptide were performed for cellular specific binding and tumor targeting. The high radiochemical purity of 99m Tc-HYNIC (EDDA/tricine)-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY was obtained to be 99%. It exhibited high stability in normal saline and human serum. In HER2 binding affinity study, a significant reduction in uptake of radiolabeled peptide (7.7 fold) was observed by blocking SKOV-3 cells receptors with unlabeled peptide. The K D and B max values for this radiolabeled peptide were determined as 3.3 ± 1.0 nM and 2.9 ± 0.3 × 10 6 CPM/pMol, respectively. Biodistribution study revealed tumor to blood and tumor to muscle ratios about 6.9 and 4 respectively after 4 h. Tumor imaging by gamma camera demonstrated considerable high contrast tumor uptake. This developed 99m Tc-HYNIC-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY peptide selectively targeted on HER2 tumor and exhibited a high target uptake combined with acceptable low background activity for tumor imaging in mice. The results of this study and its comparison with another study showed that 99m Tc-HYNIC-(EDDA/tricine)-(Ser) 3 -LTVSPWY is much better than previously reported radiolabeled peptide as 99m Tc-CSSS-LTVSPWY for HER2 overexpression tumor targeting and imaging. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  3. Evaluation of hepatic function with (99m)Tc-galactosylated serum albumin scintigraphy in patients with malaria: comparison with (99m)Tc-colloid scintigraphy and liver ultrasonography.

    PubMed

    Lee, Sang-Woo; Lee, Jaetae; Lee, Deog-Young; Chun, Kyung-Ah; Ahn, Byeong-Cheol; Kang, Young-Mo; Lee, Kyubo

    2007-02-01

    Malarial parasites injected by the mosquito rapidly target hepatocytes, and hepatomegaly is commonly observed during the progress of the disease in malaria patients. To evaluate the degree of hepatic damage and functional status of hepatocytes in malaria patients, we performed liver scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-galactosylated serum albumin (GSA) prospectively and the findings were compared with those of (99m)Tc-colloid scintigraphy, ultrasonography and clinical results in the same subject. Eight malaria patients (all male, mean age 22 years) confirmed to be infected with Plasmodium vivax underwent (99m)Tc-GSA liver scintigraphy, followed by liver ultrasonography and (99m)Tc-colloid scintigraphy using phytate within 3 days. For hepatocyte scintigraphy, anterior images of cardiac blood-pool and liver were continuously acquired for 30 min after injection of 185 MBq (99m)Tc-GSA (3 mg). In addition to visual interpretation of the images, quantitative measurement of hepatic function was performed with several functional parameters, such as hepatic uptake index (LHL15), blood clearance index (HH15) and modified receptor index (LHL/HH) calculated from the radioactivity of the liver and heart. (99m)Tc-colloid images were assessed and graded visually. Severity of hepatic dysfunction or reticuloendothelial system activation was classified as normal, mild, moderate and severe on GSA or colloid images. Hepatomegaly was observed in five and splenomegaly in seven of the eight patients. Serum levels of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were mildly elevated in two. Visual assessment of GSA scintigraphy revealed normal findings in all subjects, except for mild increases in size. The mean values of LHL15, HH15 and LHL/HH were 0.928+/-0.014, 0.537+/-0.031 and 1.732+/-0.106, respectively. They were graded as normal in five, and near-normal to mild dysfunction in three subjects. In contrast, (99m)Tc-colloid scintigraphy revealed abnormal findings in all of the subjects, and graded as

  4. Preoperative diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma: a 99mTc-RBC SPECT study.

    PubMed

    Burroni, Luca; Borsari, Giulia; Pichierri, Patrizia; Polito, Ennio; Toscano, Olga; Grassetto, Gaia; Al-Nahhas, Adil; Rubello, Domenico; Vattimo, Angelo Giuseppe

    2012-11-01

    This study aimed to describe 99mTc-labeled RBC scintigraphy as a diagnostic method for orbital cavernous hemangiomas and to evaluate this diagnostic tool according to surgical outcomes. Fifty-five patients with clinical and radiological (US, CT, and/or MRI) suspicion of unilateral cavernous hemangioma of the orbit underwent 99mTc-RBC SPECT study.Qualitative and semiquantitative evaluations were performed, and results were statistically analyzed. SPECT images showed focal uptake in the orbital mass in 36 of 55 patients. Nineteen patients had a negative scintigraphic pattern, with concordance of early and late absence of uptake of 99mTc-RBC.Our procedure showed 100% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity for the diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma, with a positive predictive value of 90.9% and a negative predictive value of 100%. 99mTc-RBC imaging is safe, easy to perform, and highly accurate in providing adequate clinical and surgical management. As a noninvasive and highly specific method for diagnosing orbital hemangioma, 99mTc-RBC scintigraphy can avoid more invasive imaging or biopsy.

  5. A 3D Computational fluid dynamics model validation for candidate molybdenum-99 target geometry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Lin; Dale, Greg; Vorobieff, Peter

    2014-11-01

    Molybdenum-99 (99Mo) is the parent product of technetium-99m (99mTc), a radioisotope used in approximately 50,000 medical diagnostic tests per day in the U.S. The primary uses of this product include detection of heart disease, cancer, study of organ structure and function, and other applications. The US Department of Energy seeks new methods for generating 99Mo without the use of highly enriched uranium, to eliminate proliferation issues and provide a domestic supply of 99mTc for medical imaging. For this project, electron accelerating technology is used by sending an electron beam through a series of 100Mo targets. During this process a large amount of heat is created, which directly affects the operating temperature dictated by the tensile stress limit of the wall material. To maintain the required temperature range, helium gas is used as a cooling agent that flows through narrow channels between the target disks. In our numerical study, we investigate the cooling performance on a series of new geometry designs of the cooling channel. This research is supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory.

  6. Validation of an ergonomic method to withdraw [99mTc] radiopharmaceuticals.

    PubMed

    Blondeel-Gomes, Sandy; Marie, Solène; Fouque, Julien; Loyeau, Sabrina; Madar, Olivier; Lokiec, François

    2017-11-10

    The main objective of the present work was to ensure quality of radiopharmaceuticals syringes withdrawn with a "Spinal needle/obturator In-Stopper" system. Methods: Visual examinations and physicochemical tests are performed at T0 and T+4h for [ 99m Tc]albumin nanocolloid and T+7h for [ 99m Tc]eluate, [ 99m Tc] HydroxyMethylene DiPhosphonate and [ 99m Tc]Human Serum Albumin. Microbiological validation was performed according to European pharmacopoeia. Fingertip radiation exposure was evaluated to confirm the safety of the system. Results: Results show stable visual and physicochemical properties. The integrity of the connector was not affected after 30 punctures (no cores). No microbiological contamination was found on tested syringes. Conclusion: The system could be used 30 times. The stability of syringes drawing with this method is guaranteed up to 4 hours for [ 99m Tc]albumin nanocolloid and 7 hours for [ 99m Tc]eluate, [ 99m Tc]HydroxyMethylene DisPhosphonate and [ 99m Tc]Human serum albumin. Copyright © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.

  7. (99m)Tc-amitrole as a novel selective imaging probe for solid tumor: In silico and preclinical pharmacological study.

    PubMed

    Essa, B M; Sakr, T M; Khedr, Mohammed A; El-Essawy, F A; El-Mohty, A A

    2015-08-30

    Lactoperoxidase (LPO) inhibitors are very selective for solid tumor due to their high binding affinity to the LPO enzyme. A computational study was used to select top-ranked LPO inhibitor (alone and in complex with (99m)Tc) with high in silico affinity. The novel prepared (99m)Tc-amitrole complex demonstrated both in silico and in vivo high affinity toward solid tumors.(99m)Tc-amitrole was radio-synthesized with a high radiochemical yield (89.7±3.25). It showed in vitro stability for up to 6h. Its preclinical evaluation in solid tumor-bearing mice showed high retention and biological accumulation in solid tumor cells with a high Target/Non-Target (T/NT) ratio equal to 4.9 at 60min post-injection. The data described previously could recommend (99m)Tc-amitrole as potential targeting scintigraphic probe for solid tumor imaging. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 Scintimammography in the Assessment of Breast Lesions: Comparative Study with 99mTc-MIBI

    PubMed Central

    Gao, Shi; Ji, Tiefeng; Wen, Qiang; Song, Yan; Zhu, Lei; Xu, Zheli; Liu, Lin

    2014-01-01

    Purpose To compare the potential application of 99mTc-3P-Arg-Gly-Asp (99mTc-3P4-RGD2) scintimammography (SMM) and 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) SMM for the differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions. Method Thirty-six patients with breast masses on physical examination and/or suspicious mammography results that required fine needle aspiration cytology biopsy (FNAB) were included in the study. 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 and 99mTc-MIBI SMM were performed with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at 60 min and 20 min respectively after intravenous injection of 738±86 MBq radiotracers on a separate day. Images were evaluated by the tumor to non-tumor localization ratios (T/NT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on each radiotracer to calculate the cut-off values of quantitative indices and to compare the diagnostic performance for the ability to differentiate malignant from benign diseases. Results The mean T/NT ratio of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 in malignant lesions was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (3.54±1.51 vs. 1.83±0.98, p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM were 89.3%, 90.9% and 89.7%, respectively, with a T/NT cut-off value of 2.40. The mean T/NT ratio of 99mTc-MIBI in malignant lesions was also significantly higher than that in benign lesions (2.86±0.99 vs. 1.51±0.61, p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 99mTc-MIBI SMM were 87.5%, 72.7% and 82.1%, respectively, with a T/NT cut-off value of 1.45. According to the ROC analysis, the area under the curve for 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM (area = 0.851) was higher than that for 99mTc-MIBI SMM (area = 0.781), but the statistical difference was not significant. Conclusion 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM does not provide any significant advantage over the established 99mTc-MIBI SMM for the detection of primary breast cancer. The T/NT ratio of 99mTc-3P4-RGD2 SMM was significantly higher than that of 99m

  9. Diversification of 99Mo/99mTc separation: non–fission reactor production of 99Mo as a strategy for enhancing 99mTc availability.

    PubMed

    Pillai, Maroor R A; Dash, Ashutosh; Knapp, Furn F Russ

    2015-01-01

    This paper discusses the benefits of obtaining (99m)Tc from non-fission reactor-produced low-specific-activity (99)Mo. This scenario is based on establishing a diversified chain of facilities for the distribution of (99m)Tc separated from reactor-produced (99)Mo by (n,γ) activation of natural or enriched Mo. Such facilities have expected lower investments than required for the proposed chain of cyclotrons for the production of (99m)Tc. Facilities can receive and process reactor-irradiated Mo targets then used for extraction of (99m)Tc over a period of 2 wk, with 3 extractions on the same day. Estimates suggest that a center receiving 1.85 TBq (50 Ci) of (99)Mo once every 4 d can provide 1.48-3.33 TBq (40-90 Ci) of (99m)Tc daily. This model can use research reactors operating in the United States to supply current (99)Mo needs by applying natural (nat)Mo targets. (99)Mo production capacity can be enhanced by using (98)Mo-enriched targets. The proposed model reduces the loss of (99)Mo by decay and avoids proliferation as well as waste management issues associated with fission-produced (99)Mo.

  10. Sentinel lymph node detection in early cervical cancer with combination 99mTc phytate and patent blue.

    PubMed

    Niikura, Hitoshi; Okamura, Chikako; Akahira, Junichi; Takano, Tadao; Ito, Kiyoshi; Okamura, Kunihiro; Yaegashi, Nobuo

    2004-08-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in patients with early stage cervical cancer using (99m)Tc phytate and patent blue dye and to compare our method with published findings utilizing other radioisotopic tracers. A total of 20 consecutive patients with cervical cancer scheduled for radical hysterectomy and total pelvic lymphadenectomy at our hospital underwent SLN detection study. The day before surgery, lymphoscintigraphy was performed with injection of 99m-technetium ((99m)Tc)-labeled phytate into the uterine cervix. At surgery, patients underwent lymphatic mapping with a gamma-detecting probe and patent blue injected into the same points as the phytate solution. At least one positive node was detected in 18 patients (90%). A total of 46 sentinel nodes were detected (mean, 2.3; range, 1-5). Most sentinel nodes were in one of the following sites: external iliac (21 nodes), obturator (15 nodes), and parametrial (7 nodes). Eleven (24%) sentinel nodes were detected only through radioactivity and two (4%) were detected only with blue dye. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value for SLN detection were all 100%. Nine published studies involving 295 patients had a summarized detection rate of 85%. Summarized sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were 93%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. Combination of (99m)Tc phytate and patent blue is effective in SLN detection in early stage cervical cancer.

  11. Biodistribution of free and encapsulated 99mTc-fluconazole in an infection model induced by Candida albicans.

    PubMed

    de Assis, Danielle Nogueira; Araújo, Raquel Silva; Fuscaldi, Leonardo Lima; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes; Mosqueira, Vanessa Carla Furtado; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

    2018-03-01

    Candida spp is an etiologic agent of fungal infections in hospitals and resistance to treatment with antifungals has been extensively reported. Thus, it is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness with low toxicity. In this sense, nanocarriers have been investigated, once they modify drug biodistribution profile. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the biodistribution of free and encapsulated 99m Tc-fluconazole into nanocapsules (NCs) in an experimental immunosuppressed murine model of Candida albicans infection. Fluconazole was radiolabeled with technetium-99 metastable ( 99m Tc) and encapsulated into conventional ( 99m Tc-Fluconazole-PLA-POLOX) and surface-modified ( 99m Tc-Fluconazole-PLA-PEG) NCs by the interfacial deposition of the preformed biodegradable polymer [poly (D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA-PEG (polyethyleneglycol)] followed by solvent evaporation. The size distribution and zeta potential of the NCs preparations were determined in a Zetasizer by photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler anemometry, respectively. Free and encapsulated 99m Tc-fluconazole were administered intravenously in immunosuppressed mice bearing a local infection induced by Candida Albicans inoculation in the right thigh muscle. At pre-established time intervals, tissues and organs of interest were removed and radioactivity was measured in an automatic gamma radiation counter. The NCs diameter was between 200 and 400 nm with negative zeta potential values. Free 99m Tc-fluconazole was more rapidly eliminated by the renal system compared to the encapsulated drug in NCs, which remained longer in blood circulation. The uptake of conventional NCs by mononuclear phagocyte system organs was higher than the one demonstrated by the surface-modified NCs. Both NCs remained longer in the infectious focus when compared to free 99m Tc-fluconazole, but the results did not show a significant difference between NC formulations. These data indicate that these NCs

  12. Behavior of technetium-99 in soils and plants. Final report, April 1, 1974--December 31, 1978

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gast, R.G.; Landa, E.R.; Thorvig, L.J.

    Studies described in this report were aimed at establishing the magnitude and mechanisms of /sup 99/Tc sorption by soils and uptake by plants. Results show that /sup 99/Tc was sorbed from solution over a period to two to five weeks by 8 of 11 soils studies. The slow rate of sorption, the lack of sorption by low organic matter soils, the elimination of sorption following sterilization and increased sorption following addition of dextrose all point to a microbial role in the sorption process. However, it has not been established whether this is a direct or indirect role nor is itmore » possible to clearly predict the conditions under which sorption will occur. Results of plant uptake studies show that /sup 99/Tc can be taken up and translocated into the photosynthetic tissue of higher plants with concentrations in seeds being much less than in vegetative tissue. Technetium-99 was also shown to be toxic to plants at low concentrations and evidence suggests that this is a chemically rather than radiologically induced toxicity. However, this remains to be completely resolved as well as whether there is a threshold level of /sup 99/Tc required before toxicity occurs. Studies of short-term, dynamic, aerobic systems indicated that /sup 99/Tc moves through the soil as a relatively large anion exhibiting characteristic miscible displacement with some asymmetric tailing. /sup 99/Tc exhibits greater retention that C1/sup -/, which may be attributed statistically to weak complexion by organic matter. It is unlikely that this retention phenomenon is related to the static sorption activity reported in the first part of this study.« less

  13. APPLICATION OF FORMOHYDROXAMIC ACID IN NUCLEAR PROCESSING: SYNTHESIS AND COMPLEXATION WITH TECHNETIUM-99

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Amber Wright; Edward Mausolf; Keri Campbell

    2010-05-01

    Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is an organic ligand planned for use in the Uranium Extraction (UREX) process. It reduces neptunium and plutonium, and the resultant hydrophilic complexes are separated from uranium by extraction with tributyl phosphate (TBP) in a hydrocarbon diluent. AHA undergoes hydrolysis to acetic acid which will impede the recycling of nitric acid. During recent discussions of the UREX process, it has been proposed to replace AHA by formohydroxamic acid (FHA). FHA will undergo hydrolysis to formic acid which is volatile, thus allowing the recycling of nitric acid. The reported reduction potentials of AHA and pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}{sup -})more » indicated that it may be possible for AHA to reduce technetium, altering its fate in the fuel cycle. At UNLV, it has been demonstrated that TcO{sub 4}{sup -} undergoes reductive nitrosylation by AHA under a variety of conditions. The resulting divalent technetium is complexed by AHA to form the pseudo-octahedral trans-aquonitrosyl (diacetohydroxamic)-technetium(II) complex ([Tc{sup II}(NO)(AHA){sub 2}H{sub 2}O]{sup +}). In this paper, we are reporting the synthesis of FHA and its complex formation with technetium along with the characterization of FHA crystals achieved by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the complexation of FHA with Tc and the results were compared with previous data on AHA. The first experiment involved the elution of Tc from a Reillex HP anion exchange resin, and the second one monitored the complexation of technetium with FHA by UV-visible spectrophotometry.« less

  14. (99m)Tc(CO)3(NTA): a (99m)Tc renal tracer with pharmacokinetic properties comparable to those of (131)I-OIH in healthy volunteers.

    PubMed

    Taylor, Andrew T; Lipowska, Malgorzata; Marzilli, Luigi G

    2010-03-01

    Studies in rats showed that the pharmacokinetics of the tricarbonyl core radiopharmaceutical (99m)Tc(CO)(3)-nitrilotriacetic acid, (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA), were essentially identical to those of (131)I ortho-iodohippuran ((131)I-OIH), the clinical gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow. Our objective was to compare the pharmacokinetics of these 2 tracers in healthy volunteers. (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) was prepared with commercially available NTA and a commercially available kit and isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Approximately 74 MBq (2 mCi) of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) were coinjected with 9.25 MBq (250 microCi) of (131)I-OIH in 9 volunteers, and simultaneous imaging of each tracer was performed for 24 min. Plasma clearances were determined from 8 blood samples obtained 3-90 min after injection using the single-injection, 2-compartment model. Plasma protein binding, red cell uptake, and percentage injected dose in the urine at 30 and 180 min were determined. There was no difference in the plasma clearances of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) and (131)I-OIH, 475 +/- 105 mL/min versus 472 +/- 108 mL/min, respectively. The plasma protein binding and red cell uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) were 43% +/- 5% and 9% +/- 6%, respectively; both values were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the plasma protein binding (75% +/- 3%) and red cell uptake (17% +/- 5%) of (131)I-OIH. There was no significant difference in the percentage injected dose recovered in the urine at 30 min and at 3 h; for comparison, the percentage dose in the urine at 3 h was 91% +/- 4% for (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) and 91% +/- 6% for (131)I-OIH (P = 0.96). Image quality with (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) was excellent, and the renogram parameters were similar to those of (131)I-OIH. Preliminary results in healthy volunteers suggest that the pharmacokinetic behavior of (99m)Tc(CO)(3)(NTA) is comparable to that of (131)I-OIH.

  15. EVALUATION OF VADOSE ZONE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES TO IMMOBILIZE TECHNETIUM-99

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    PETERSEN, S.W.

    2006-03-15

    The Hanford Site End State Vision document (DOE/RL-2003-59) states: ''There should be an aggressive plan to develop technology for remediation of the contamination that could get to the groundwater (particularly the technetium [{sup 99}Tc])''. In addition, there is strong support from the public and regulatory agencies for the above statement, with emphasis on investigation of treatment alternatives. In July 2004, PNNL completed a preliminary evaluation of remediation technologies with respect to their effectiveness and implementability for immobilization of {sup 99}Tc beneath the BC Cribs in the 200 West Area (Truex, 2004). As a result of this evaluation, PNNL recommended treatabilitymore » testing of in situ soil desiccation, because it has the least uncertainty of those technologies evaluated in July 2004 (Treatability Test Outline, September 30, 2004). In 2005, DOE-RL and Fluor Hanford convened an independent technical panel to review alternative remediation technologies, including desiccation, at a three-day workshop in Richland, Washington. The panel was composed of experts in vadose-zone transport, infiltration control, hydrology, geochemistry, environmental engineering, and geology. Their backgrounds include employment in academia, government laboratories, industry, and consulting. Their review, presented in this document, is based upon written reports from Hanford, oral presentations from Hanford staff, and each panel members' years of experience in their particular field of expertise. The purpose of this report is to document the panel's evaluation of various treatment alternatives with potential for minimizing contaminant migration in the deep vadose zone at the Department of Energy Hanford Site. The panel was tasked with assessing the most viable and practical approach and making recommendations for testing. The evaluation of vadose-zone treatment alternatives was conducted to be broadly applicable at a variety of locations at Hanford. However

  16. Non-pertechnetate Technetium Sensor Research and Development

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bryan, Samuel A.; Rapko, Brian M.; Branch, Shirmir D.

    Several significant uncertainties remain regarding the understanding and modeling of the fate and speciation of technicium-99 ( 99Tc) in Hanford waste tanks, glass, and low-temperature waste forms. A significant (2% to 25%) fraction of the 99Tc in the water-soluble portion of the tank waste may be present as one or more non pertechnetate species that have not been identified and to date, cannot be effectively separated from the wastes. This task will provide a sensor specifically tuned to detect the Tc(I)-carbonyl species believed to constitute the main fraction of the non-pertechnetate form of technetium. By direct measurement of the non-pertechnetatemore » species, such a sensor will help reduce the uncertainties in the modeling of the fate and speciation of 99Tc in Hanford tanks and waste forms. This report summarizes work performed in FY2016 that was sponsored by the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management and demonstrates the protocol for using fluorescent Tc(I)-tricarbonyl complex as a means to detect the non-pertechnetate species within tank waste solutions. The protocol was optimized with respect to ligand concentration, solvent choice, reaction temperature and time. This work culminated in the quantitation of Tc(I)-tricarbonyl within a waste simulant, using a standard addition method for measurement. This report also summarizes the synthesis and high-yield preparation of the low-valence technetium species, [Tc(CO) 3(H 2O) 3] +, which will be used as the technetium standard material for the demonstration of the non-pertechnetate species in actual wastes.« less

  17. Synthesis and evaluation of a 99mTc-labeled tubulin-binding agent for tumor imaging.

    PubMed

    Erfani, Mostafa; Shamsaei, Mojtaba; Mohammadbaghery, Faiyaz; Shirmardi, Seyed Pezhman

    2014-05-30

    Cholchicine and its derivatives are very potent tubulin-binding compounds and can be used as a potential tumor targeting agents. In this study, colchicine was labeled with (99m) Tc via hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC) and was investigated further. HYNIC/cholchicine was synthesized and labeling with (99m)Tc was performed at 95 °C for 15 min and radiochemical analysis included HPLC method. The stability of radiconjugate was checked in the presence of human serum at 37 °C up to 24 h. Biodistribution was studied in breast tumor-bearing mice. Labeling yield of 95.8 ± 0.54% was obtained corresponding to a specific activity of 54 MBq/µmol. Radioconjugate showed good stability in the presence of human serum. Biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing mice showed that (99m) Tc/HYNIC/colchicine conjugate accumulated in tumor with good uptake (3.17 ± 0.14% g/g at 1 h post-injection). The radioconjugate was cleared fast from normal organs and showed clearance through urinary and hepatobiliary systems with accumulation of activity in kidneys and intestine. This radioconjugate may be useful to assess the presence of tumor by imaging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  18. An Experimental Comparison of Two Different Technetium Source Activities Which Can Imitate Thyroid Scintigraphy in Case of Thyroid Toxic Nodule

    PubMed Central

    Miftari, Ramë; Fejza, Ferki; Bicaj, Xhavit; Nura, Adem; Topciu, Valdete; Bajrami, Ismet

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: In cases of thyroid toxic autonomous nodule, anterior projection of Tc-99m pertechnetate image shows a hot nodule that occupies most, or the entire thyroid lobe with near-total or total suppression of the contra lateral lobe. In this case is very difficult to distinguish toxic nodule from lobe agenesis. Our interest was to estimate and determinate the rate of radioactivity when the source with high activity can make total suppression of the second source with low activity in same conditions with thyroid scintigraphy procedures. Material and methodology: Thyroid scintigraphy was performed with Technetium 99 meta stable pertechnetate. A parallel high resolution low energy collimator was used as an energy setting of 140 KeV photo peak for T-99m. Images are acquired at 200 Kilo Counts in the anterior projection with the collimator positioned as close as the patient’s extended neck (approximately in distance of 18 cm). The scintigraphy of thyroid gland was performed 15 minutes after intravenous administration of 1.5 mCi Tc-99m pertechnetate. Technetium 99 meta stable radioactive sources with different activity were used for two scintigraphies studies, performed in same thyroid scintigraphy acquisition procedures. In the first study, were compared the standard source with high activity A=11.2 mCi with sources with variable activities B=1.33 mCi; 1.03 mCi; 0.7 mCi; 0.36 mCi; and 0.16mCi) in distance of 1.5cm from each other sources, which is approximately same with distance between two thyroid lobes. In the second study were compared the sources with low activity in proportion 70:1(source A = 1.5 mCi and source B=0.021mCi). As clinical studies we preferred two different patents with different thyroid disorders. There were one patient with thyroid toxic nodule in the right lobe, therefore the second patient was with left thyroid nodule agenesis. Results: During our examination, we accurately determined that two radioactive sources in proportion 70:1 will be

  19. Investigation of radioactivity concentration in spent technetium generators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Idriss, Hajo; Salih, Isam; Alaamer, Abdulaziz S.; Eisa, M. H.; Sam, A. K.

    2014-04-01

    This study was carried out to survey and measure radioactivity concentration and estimate radiation dose level at the surface of spent technetium generator columns for the safe final disposal of radioactive waste. High resolution γ-spectrometry with the aid of handheld radiation survey meters has been used. The radioactivity measurements has shown that 238U, 40K and 137Cs were only measurable in one sample whereas 125Sb was found in 14 samples out of total of 20 samples with an activity concentration which ranged from 21 to 7404 with an average value of 1095 Bq/kg. The activity concentration of 125Sb is highly variable indicating that the spent 99mTc generator columns are of different origin. This investigation highlighted the importance of radiation monitoring of spent technetium generators in the country in order to protect workers, and the public from the dangers posed by radioactive waste.

  20. GPER-targeted, 99mTc-labeled, nonsteroidal ligands demonstrate selective tumor imaging and in vivo estrogen binding

    PubMed Central

    Nayak, Tapan K.; Ramesh, Chinnasamy; Hathaway, Helen J.; Norenberg, Jeffrey P.; Arterburn, Jeffrey B.; Prossnitz, Eric R.

    2014-01-01

    Our understanding of estrogen (E2) receptor biology has evolved in recent years with the discovery and characterization of a 7-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1/GPER/GPR30) and the development of GPER-selective functional chemical probes. GPER is highly expressed in certain breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers, establishing the importance of non-invasive methods to evaluate GPER expression in vivo. Herein, we developed 99mTc-labeled GPER ligands to demonstrate the in vivo status of GPER as an estrogen receptor and for GPER visualization in whole animals. A series of 99mTc(I)-labeled non-steroidal tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolone derivatives was synthesized utilizing pyridin-2-yl hydrazine and picolylamine chelates. Radioligand receptor binding studies revealed binding affinities in the 10–30 nM range. Cell signaling assays previously demonstrated that derivatives retaining a ketone functionality displayed agonist properties whereas those lacking such a hydrogen bond acceptor were antagonists. In vivo biodistribution and imaging studies performed on mice bearing human endometrial and breast cancer cell xenografts yielded significant tumor uptake (0.4–1.1 %ID/g). Blocking studies revealed specific uptake in multiple organs (adrenals, uterus, mammary tissue) as well as tumor uptake with similar levels of competition by E2 and G-1, a GPER-selective agonist. In conclusion, we synthesized and evaluated a series of first generation 99mTc-labeled GPER-specific radioligands, demonstrating GPER as an estrogen-binding receptor for the first time in vivo using competitive binding principles, and establishing the utility of such ligands as tumor imaging agents. These results warrant further investigation into the role of GPER in estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis and as a target for diagnostic/therapeutic/ image-guided drug delivery. PMID:25030373

  1. Bone scanning in lymphoma. [/sup 99m/Tc tracer technique

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schechter, J.P.; Jones, S.E.; Woolfenden, J.M.

    1976-09-01

    The results of bone scanning with the newer technetium-99m complexes were correlated with clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings in 26 patients with malignant lymphoma (10 with Hodgkin's disease and 16 with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). Abnormalities on bone scan compatible with lymphomatous involvement of the skeleton appeared to occur more commonly in patients with diffuse lymphomas than in patients with nodular lymphomas and were generally observed in the setting of advanced disease (15 of 23 patients). Twenty-seven (73 percent) of the 37 scans obtained were abnormal. Although abnormal scans were observed with the greatest frequency in patients with bone pain (11 ofmore » 11), bone marrow involvement (11 of 12), abnormal skeletal radiographs (11 of 11), and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels (5 of 6), bone scanning also detected lymphomatous involvement in patients free of pain or with normal laboratory tests. Moreover, conventional radiography was entirely normal in six (35 percent) of 17 patients with abnormal scans and revealed only nonspecific osteopenia in another two patients (12 percent). Serial bone scans in nine patients reflected their response to chemotherapy. Of the 37 scans, only one was judged falsely positive and one falsely negative. Bone scanning with /sup 99m/Tc complexes is a safe, simple, and sensitive screening procedure for detecting both extensive and focal lymphomatous involvement of the skeletal system and is a useful means of following such involvement in response to treatment.« less

  2. High-Resolution 4D Imaging of Technetium Transport in Porous Media using Preclinical SPECT-CT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dogan, M.; DeVol, T. A.; Groen, H.; Moysey, S. M.; Ramakers, R.; Powell, B. A.

    2015-12-01

    Preclinical SPECT-CT (single-photon emission computed tomography with integrated X-ray computed tomography) offers the potential to quantitatively image the dynamic three-dimensional distribution of radioisotopes with sub-millimeter resolution, overlaid with structural CT images (20-200 micron resolution), making this an attractive method for studying transport in porous media. A preclinical SPECT-CT system (U-SPECT4CT, MILabs BV. Utrecht, The Netherlands) was evaluated for imaging flow and transport of 99mTc (t1/2=6hrs) using a 46,5mm by 156,4mm column packed with individual layers consisting of <0.2mm diameter silica gel, 0.2-0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0mm diameter glass beads, and a natural soil sample obtained from the Savannah River Site. The column was saturated with water prior to injecting the 99mTc solution. During the injection the flow was interrupted intermittently for 10 minute periods to allow for the acquisition of a SPECT image of the transport front. Non-uniformity of the front was clearly observed in the images as well as the retarded movement of 99mTc in the soil layer. The latter is suggesting good potential for monitoring transport processes occurring on the timescale of hours. After breakthrough of 99mTc was achieved, the flow was stopped and SPECT data were collected in one hour increments to evaluate the sensitivity of the instrument as the isotope decayed. Fused SPECT- CT images allowed for improved interpretation of 99mTc distributions within individual pore spaces. With ~3 MBq remaining in the column, the lowest activity imaged, it was not possible to clearly discriminate any of the pore spaces.

  3. Effect of increased surface tension and assisted ventilation on /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA clearance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jefferies, A.L.; Kawano, T.; Mori, S.

    1988-02-01

    Experiments were performed to determine the effects of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency oscillation (HFO) on the clearance of technetium-99m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (/sup 99m/Tc-DTPA) from lungs with altered surface tension properties. A submicronic aerosol of /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA was insufflated into the lungs of anesthetized, tracheotomized rabbits before and 1 h after the administration of the aerosolized detergent dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (OT). Rabbits were ventilated by one of four methods: 1) spontaneous breathing; 2) CMV at 12 cmH2O mean airway pressure (MAP); 3) HFO at 12 cmH2O MAP; 4) HFO at 16 cmH2O MAP. Administration of OT resulted in decreasedmore » arterial PO2 (PaO2), increased lung wet-to-dry weight ratios, and abnormal lung pressure-volume relationships, compatible with increased surface tension. /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA clearance was accelerated after OT in all groups. The post-OT rate of clearance (k) was significantly faster (P less than 0.05) in the CMV at 12 cmH2O MAP (k = 7.57 +/- 0.71%/min (SE)) and HFO at 16 cmH2O MAP (k = 6.92 +/- 0.61%/min) groups than in the spontaneously breathing (k = 4.32 +/- 0.55%/min) and HFO at 12 cmH2O MAP (4.68 +/- 0.63%/min) groups. The clearance curves were biexponential in the former two groups. We conclude that pulmonary clearance of /sup 99m/Tc-DTPA is accelerated in high surface tension pulmonary edema, and this effect is enhanced by both conventional ventilation and HFO at high mean airway pressure.« less

  4. Kit preparation and biokinetics in women of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 for breast cancer imaging.

    PubMed

    Ortiz-Arzate, Zareth; Santos-Cuevas, Clara L; Ocampo-García, Blanca E; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; García-Becerra, Rocío; Estrada, Gisela; Gómez-Argumosa, Edgar; Izquierdo-Sánchez, Vanessa

    2014-04-01

    In breast cancer, α(ν)β(3) and/or α(ν)β(5) integrins are overexpressed in both endothelial and tumour cells. Radiolabelled peptides based on the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence are radiopharmaceuticals with high affinity and selectivity for these integrins. The RGD-dimer peptide (E-[c(RGDfK)]2) radiolabelled with (99m)Tc has been reported as a radiopharmaceutical with a 10-fold higher affinity for the α(ν)β(3) integrin compared with the RGD-monomer. Ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (EDDA) is a hydrophilic molecule that may favour renal excretion when used as coligand in the (99m)Tc labelling of hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC) peptides and can easily be formulated in a lyophilized kit. The aim of this study was to establish a biokinetic model for (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 prepared from lyophilized kits and evaluate its dosimetry as a tumour-imaging agent in seven healthy women and three breast cancer patients. (99m)Tc labelling was performed by adding sodium pertechnetate solution and 0.2 mol/l phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to a lyophilized formulation containing E-[c(RGDfK)]2, EDDA, tricine, mannitol and stannous chloride. The radiochemical purity was evaluated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and instant thin-layer chromatography on silica gel analyses. Stability studies in human serum were carried out using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. In-vitro cell uptake was tested using breast cancer cells (MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231) with blocked and nonblocked receptors. Biodistribution and tumour uptake were determined in MCF7 tumour-bearing nude mice with blocked and nonblocked receptors, and images were obtained using a micro-SPECT/PET/CT. Whole-body images from seven healthy women were acquired at 0.5, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-E-[c(RGDfK)]2 administration with radiochemical purities greater than 94%. Regions of interest were drawn around the source organs at each time frame. Each region of

  5. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC in the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Parisella, Maria; D'Alessandria, Calogero; van de Bossche, Bieke; Chianelli, Marco; Ronga, Giuseppe; Papini, Enrico; Mikolajczak, Renata; Letizia, Claudio; De Toma, Giorgio; Veneziani, Augusto; Scopinaro, Francesco; Signore, Alberto

    2004-04-01

    An early diagnosis of distant metastases or local recurrences of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) can be achieved by several conventional radiological modalities (e.g., ultrasonography, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] as well as by radioisotopic procedures, such as positron emission tomography (PET), scintigraphy with different types of radiopharmaceuticals, and radiolabeled receptor-ligands in particular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC, a new octreotide derivative, to detect recurrences of disease or distant metastases in MTC. Images obtained of 5 patients with high levels of serum calcitonin were compared to findings obtained with other diagnostic procedures: 111In-octreotide, 99mTc-DMSA-V, 18F-flouro-D-deoxyglucose-PET, and CT/MRI. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC was positive in all patients and showed 15 areas of pathological uptake in the cervical and mediastinal regions. 111In-octreotide was positive in 3 of 3 patients and showed 4 areas, compared to 8 of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. 99mTc-V-DMSA was positive in 3 of 4 patients but showed 6 pathological areas, compared to 13 of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. 18F-FDG-PET was positive in 5 of 5 patients but showed only 11 areas, compared to 15 of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC. The CT scan was positive in only 2 patients. In conclusion, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC detected more sites of pathological uptake than other modalities, showed better imaging properties than 111In-octreotide, and might be the radiopharmaceutical of choice for providing a rationale for radioisotopic therapy.

  6. Toward organometallic (99m)Tc imaging agents: synthesis of water-stable (99)Tc-NHC complexes.

    PubMed

    Benz, Michael; Spingler, Bernhard; Alberto, Roger; Braband, Henrik

    2013-11-20

    (99)Tc(V)O2-NHC complexes containing monodentate and bidentate N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been prepared by the reactions of [TcO(glyc)2](-) (glyc = ethyleneglycolato) with 1,3-dimethylimidazoline-2-ylidene (L1), 1,1'-methylene-3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diimidazoline-2,2'-diylidene (L2), and 1,1'-methylene-3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-diimidazoline-2,2'-diylidene (L3) in THF. The resulting complexes were fully characterized and their stabilities investigated. While complexes with monodentate NHCs only are hydrolytically unstable, complexes containing bidentate NHCs are water-stable over a broad pH range. The high water stability allows interconversion of the {(99)Tc(V)O2}(+) core into {(99)Tc(V)OCl}(2+) with HCl as the H(+) and Cl(-) source. An alternative procedure to obtain (99)Tc(V)O2-NHC complexes is the in situ deprotonation of imidazolium salts, enabling the preparation of (99)Tc(V)O2-NHC compounds without free NHCs, thus increasing the scope of NHC ligands drastically. The remarkable stability and pH-controllable reactivity of the new complexes underlines the potential of NHCs as stabilizing ligands for (99)Tc complexes and paves the way for the first (99m)Tc-NHC complexes in the future.

  7. Review of Extraskeletal Activity on Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate Bone Scintigraphy and Value of Cross-Sectional and SPECT-CT Imaging Correlation.

    PubMed

    Bermo, Mohammed; Behnia, Sanaz; Fair, Joanna; Miyaoka, Robert S; Elojeimy, Saeed

    2017-07-31

    Recognizing the different mechanisms and imaging appearance of extraskeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake enhances the diagnostic value of bone scan interpretation. In this article, we present a pictorial review of the different mechanisms of extraskeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake on bone scintigraphy including neoplastic, inflammatory, ischemic, traumatic, excretory, and iatrogenic. We also illustrate through case examples the added value of correlation with cross-sectional and single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography imaging in localizing and characterizing challenging cases of extraskeletal uptake. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Screening for Hepatopulmonary Syndrome in Cirrhotic Patients Using Technetium 99m-macroaggregated Albumin Perfusion Lung Scan (Tc-MAA): Diagnostic Approach and Clinical Correlations.

    PubMed

    Fragaki, Maria; Sifaki-Pistolla, Dimitra; Samonakis, Dimitrios N; Koulentaki, Mairi; Koukouraki, Sofia; Stathaki, Maria; Kouroumalis, Elias

    2017-09-28

    The aims of this study were to prospectively screen cirrhotic patients with arterial blood gas test and albumin perfusion scan, identify those fulfilling the classic hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) criteria, correlate with clinical parameters, and evaluate the survival of patients with HPS compared with those without HPS in a genetically homogenous Cretan cirrhotic population. Data on consecutive 102 patients within 1 year were collected and analyzed. All patients underwent a technetium 99m-macroaggregated albumin perfusion lung scan (Tc-MAA). Diagnosis of HPS was based on the presence of the quantitative index Tc-MAA≥6% and a [P(A-a)O2]≥15 mm Hg (≥20 mm Hg for patients over >64 y). In 94/102 patients, complete scintigraphic data were available. In total, 24 (26%) patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of HPS; 95.8% of them had mild-to-moderate HPS. In 8 patients the Tc-MAA scintigraphy could not be interpreted. There was no difference in HPS between decompensated (24.6%) and compensated cirrhosis (27.3%). In the multivariate analysis only the quantitative index was significant for the diagnosis of HPS (P=0.001, odds ratio; 95% confidence interval, 7.05; 2.27-21.87). Kaplan- Meier survival curves indicated a similar overall prognosis for patients diagnosed with HPS (P=0.105). HPS is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Mild-to-moderate HPS has no significant effect on survival of cirrhotic patients. The quantitative Tc-MAA test is a reliable tool for diagnosis.

  9. Rhenium Solubility in Borosilicate Nuclear Waste Glass: Implications for the Processing and Immobilization of Technetium-99

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McCloy, John S.; Riley, Brian J.; Goel, Ashutosh

    2012-10-26

    The immobilization of 99Tc in a suitable host matrix has proved to be an arduous task for the researchers in nuclear waste community around the world. At the Hanford site in Washington State, the total amount of 99Tc in low-activity waste (LAW) is ~1300 kg and the current strategy is to immobilize the 99Tc in borosilicate glass with vitrification. In this context, the present article reports on the solubility/retention of rhenium, a nonradioactive surrogate for 99Tc, in a LAW borosilicate glass. Due to the radioactive nature of technetium, rhenium was chosen as a simulant because of the similarity between theirmore » ionic radii and other chemical aspects. The glasses containing Re (0 – 10,000 ppm by mass) were synthesized in vacuum-sealed quartz ampoules in order to minimize the loss of Re by volatilization during melting at 1000 °C. The rhenium was found to predominantly exist as Re (VII) in all the glasses as observed by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The solubility of Re in borosilicate glasses was determined to be ~3000 ppm (by mass) with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). At higher rhenium concentrations, some additional material was retained in the glasses in the form of crystalline inclusions that were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser ablation-ICP mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The implications of these results on the immobilization of 99Tc from radioactive wastes in borosilicate glasses have been discussed.« less

  10. Magnetic resonance imaging-radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) in breast cancer using Tc-99m macro-aggregated albumin and distilled water control.

    PubMed

    Philadelpho Arantes Pereira, Fernanda; Martins, Gabriela; Gregorio Calas, Maria Julia; Fonseca Torres de Oliveira, Maria Veronica; Gasparetto, Emerson Leandro; Barbosa da Fonseca, Lea Mirian

    2013-09-18

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided wire localization presents several challenges apart from the technical difficulties. An alternative to this conventional localization method using a wire is the radio-guided occult lesion localization (ROLL), more related to safe surgical margins and reductions in excision volume. The purpose of this study was to establish a safe and reliable magnetic resonance imaging-radioguided occult lesion localization (MRI-ROLL) technique and to report our initial experience with the localization of nonpalpable breast lesions only observed on MRI. Sixteen women (mean age 53.2 years) with 17 occult breast lesions underwent radio-guided localization in a 1.5-T MR system using a grid-localizing system. All patients had a diagnostic MRI performed prior to the procedure. An intralesional injection of Technetium-99m macro-aggregated albumin followed by distilled water was performed. After the procedure, scintigraphy was obtained. Surgical resection was performed with the help of a gamma detector probe. The lesion histopathology and imaging concordance; the procedure's positive predictive value (PPV), duration time, complications, and accuracy; and the rate of exactly excised lesions evaluated with MRI six months after the surgery were assessed. One lesion in one patient had to be excluded because the radioactive substance came back after the injection, requiring a wire placement. Of the remaining cases, there were four malignant lesions, nine benign lesions, and three high-risk lesions. Surgical histopathology and imaging findings were considered concordant in all benign and high-risk cases. The PPV of MRI-ROLL was greater if the indication for the initial MR examination was active breast cancer. The median procedure duration time was 26 minutes, and all included procedures were defined as accurate. The exact and complete lesion removal was confirmed in all (100%) patients who underwent six-month postoperative MRI (50%). MRI-ROLL offers a

  11. Magnetic resonance imaging-radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) in breast cancer using Tc-99m macro-aggregated albumin and distilled water control

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided wire localization presents several challenges apart from the technical difficulties. An alternative to this conventional localization method using a wire is the radio-guided occult lesion localization (ROLL), more related to safe surgical margins and reductions in excision volume. The purpose of this study was to establish a safe and reliable magnetic resonance imaging-radioguided occult lesion localization (MRI-ROLL) technique and to report our initial experience with the localization of nonpalpable breast lesions only observed on MRI. Methods Sixteen women (mean age 53.2 years) with 17 occult breast lesions underwent radio-guided localization in a 1.5-T MR system using a grid-localizing system. All patients had a diagnostic MRI performed prior to the procedure. An intralesional injection of Technetium-99m macro-aggregated albumin followed by distilled water was performed. After the procedure, scintigraphy was obtained. Surgical resection was performed with the help of a gamma detector probe. The lesion histopathology and imaging concordance; the procedure’s positive predictive value (PPV), duration time, complications, and accuracy; and the rate of exactly excised lesions evaluated with MRI six months after the surgery were assessed. Results One lesion in one patient had to be excluded because the radioactive substance came back after the injection, requiring a wire placement. Of the remaining cases, there were four malignant lesions, nine benign lesions, and three high-risk lesions. Surgical histopathology and imaging findings were considered concordant in all benign and high-risk cases. The PPV of MRI-ROLL was greater if the indication for the initial MR examination was active breast cancer. The median procedure duration time was 26 minutes, and all included procedures were defined as accurate. The exact and complete lesion removal was confirmed in all (100%) patients who underwent six-month postoperative MRI

  12. Macrocyclic triamine derived glucose analogues for 99m Tc(CO)3 labeling: synthesis and biological evaluation as potential tumor-imaging agents.

    PubMed

    Liu, Teli; Gan, Qianqian; Zhang, Junbo

    2017-02-01

    [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + has attracted great attention among 99m Tc-labeling techniques, due to its ease of preparation, readily substituted water molecules of the precursor fac-[ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + by a variety of functional groups, small size and inertness. Bifunctional chelator based on a macrocyclic polyamine framework shows easy complexation with [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + to produce stable complex. In this study, two novel 1, 5, 9-triazacyclododecane derivatives containing a glucose group (6 and 7) were successfully synthesized by reacting different glucose-azides with alkyne-[12]aneN 3 via the so-called click chemistry and radiolabeled with [ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + to form 99m Tc(CO) 3 -6 (C-1-substituted complex) and 99m Tc(CO) 3 -7 (C-2-substituted complex) in high yields. The complexes were stable in vitro over 6 h when incubated in saline at room temperature and in mouse serum at 37 °C. The partition coefficient results showed that they were hydrophilic. The biodistribution studies in Kunming mice bearing S 180 tumor showed both complexes showed accumulation in the tumor. Between them, 99m Tc(CO) 3 -7 had the advantages of much higher tumor uptake and tumor/muscle ratio. Compared with other reported 99m Tc-radiolabeled glucose derivatives, 99m Tc(CO) 3 -7 also showed a higher tumor uptake and tumor/muscle ratio, suggesting it would be a potential candidate for further development as a tumor-imaging agent. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

  13. Comparative analysis of hepatopulmonary shunt obtained from pretherapy 99mTc MAA scintigraphy and post-therapy 90Y Bremsstrahlung imaging in 90Y microsphere therapy.

    PubMed

    Jha, Ashish Kumar A; Zade, Anand A; Rangarajan, Venkatesh; Purandare, Nilendu; Shah, Sneha A; Agrawal, Archi; Kulkarni, Suyash S; Shetty, Nitin

    2012-05-01

    (99m)Tc macroaggregate albumin (MAA) scintigraphy is routinely used to estimate the hepatopulmonary shunt (HPS) of (90)Y microspheres because of their comparable average particle sizes (20-30 µm). However, the MAA particle size can vary from 10 to 90 µm. Therefore, HPS computed from (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy may not accurately represent the HPS of (90)Y microspheres. In view of this, the present study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy in estimating the HPS of (90)Y microspheres. Nineteen sessions of transarterial radioembolization using (90)Y therasphere were carried out in 17 patients for hepatic malignancies (both primary and secondary). For each session of therapy, a pretherapeutic (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy and post-therapeutic (90)Y Bremsstrahlung scintigraphy were performed. The HPSs obtained from these images were compared. The mean HPS fractions calculated from the pretherapeutic (99m)Tc MAA study and the post-therapeutic (90)Y Bremsstrahlung images were 4.77 ± 2.81 and 4.52 ± 2.5%, respectively. The coefficient of correlation (r) was 0.96. (99m)Tc MAA scintigraphy accurately predicts the HPS of (90)Y microspheres.

  14. 99M-technetium labeled macroaggregated human serum albumin pharmaceutical

    DOEpatents

    Winchell, Harry S.; Barak, Morton; Van Fleet, III, Parmer

    1977-05-17

    A reagent comprising macroaggregated human serum albumin having dispersed therein particles of stannous tin and a method for instantly making a labeled pharmaceutical therefrom, are disclosed. The labeled pharmaceutical is utilized in organ imaging.

  15. Estimating cancer risk from 99mTc pyrophosphate imaging for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

    PubMed

    Einstein, Andrew J; Shuryak, Igor; Castaño, Adam; Mintz, Akiva; Maurer, Mathew S; Bokhari, Sabahat

    2018-05-30

    Increasing recognition that transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is much more common than previously appreciated and the emergence of novel disease-modifying therapeutic agents have led to a paradigm shift in which ATTR-CA screening is considered in high-risk populations, such as patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or aortic stenosis. Radiation risk from 99m Tc-pyrophosphate ( 99m Tc-PYP) scintigraphy, a test with very high sensitivity and specificity for ATTR-CA, has not been previously determined. Radiation doses to individual organs from 99m Tc-PYP were estimated using models developed by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Excess future cancer risks were estimated from organ doses, using risk projection models developed by the National Academies and extended by the National Cancer Institute. Excess future risks were estimated for men and women aged 40-80 and compared to total (excess plus baseline) future risks. All-organ excess cancer risks (90% uncertainty intervals) ranged from 5.88 (2.45,11.4) to 12.2 (4.11,26.0) cases per 100,000 patients undergoing 99m Tc-PYP testing, were similar for men and women, and decreased with increasing age at testing. Cancer risks were highest to the urinary bladder, and bladder risk varied nearly twofold depending on which model was used. Excess 99m Tc-PYP-related cancers constituted < 1% of total future cancers to the critical organs. Very low cancer risks associated with 99m Tc-PYP testing suggest a favorable benefit-risk profile for 99m Tc-PYP as a screening test for ATTR-CA in high-risk populations, such as such as patients with HFpEF or aortic stenosis.

  16. Comparative assessment of a 99mTc labeled H1299.2-HYNIC peptide bearing two different co-ligands for tumor-targeted imaging.

    PubMed

    Torabizadeh, Seyedeh Atekeh; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Noaparast, Zohreh; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal

    2017-05-01

    Peptides are a class of targeting agents that bind to cancer-specific cell surfaces. Since they specifically target cancer cells, they could be used as molecular imaging tools. In this study, the 15-mer peptide Ac-H1299.2 (YAAWPASGAWTGTAP) was conjugated with HYNIC via lysine amino acid on C-terminus and labeled with 99m Tc using tricine and EDDA/tricine as the co-ligands. These radiotracers were evaluated for potential utilization in diagnostic imaging of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3). The cell-specificity of these radiolabeled peptides was determined based on their binding on an ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3), and displaying a low affinity for lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Biodistribution studies were conducted in normal mice as well as in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 ovarian cancer xenografts. HYNIC-peptide was labeled with 99m Tc with more than 99% efficiency and showed high stability in buffer and serum. We observed nanomolar binding affinities for both radiolabeled peptides. The tumor uptakes were 3.27%±0.46% and 1.55%±0.20% for tricine and 2.34±1.1% and 1.09%±0.18% for EDDA/tricine at 1 and 4h after injection, respectively. A higher tumor to background ratio and lower radioactivity in the blood were observed for EDDA/tricine co-ligands, leading to clear tumor visualization in imaging with injection of this peptide. This new 99m Tc-labeled peptide selectively targeted ovarian cancer and introduction of a (EDDA/tricine) as a co-ligand improved the pharmacokinetics of 99m Tc-labeled H1299.2 for tumor imaging in animals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. The uptake by the canine tibia of the bone-scanning agent 99mTc-MDP before and after an osteotomy.

    PubMed

    Hughes, S; Khan, R; Davies, R; Lavender, P

    1978-11-01

    The residue and extraction of technetium-labelled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP), a substance used in bone scanning, was examined in the canine tibia and found to be low. Examination of washout curves suggested that there were four compartments in cortical bone, a vascular, a perivascular, a bone fluid and a bone compartment. After an osteotomy in the canine tibia the residue of 99mTc-MDP increased. This was believed to be due to an increase in the blood supply to the bone and to an associated increase in new bone available for exchange. Bone scanning in a fracture is therefore a reflection of the vascular status of the bone being examined and of the uptake by bone. This is dependent on there being an adequate blood supply to the bone and an increased number of mineral-binding sites.

  18. TC-99 Decontaminant from heat treated gaseous diffusion membrane -Phase I, Part B

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Oji, L.; Restivo, M.; Duignan, M.

    2017-11-01

    Uranium gaseous diffusion cascades represent a significant environmental challenge to dismantle, containerize and dispose as low-level radioactive waste. Baseline technologies rely on manual manipulations involving direct access to technetium-contaminated piping and materials. There is a potential to utilize novel decontamination technologies to remove the technetium and allow for on-site disposal of the very large uranium converters. Technetium entered these gaseous diffusion cascades as a hexafluoride complex in the same fashion as uranium. Technetium, as the isotope Tc-99, is an impurity that follows uranium in the first cycle of the Plutonium and Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. The technetium speciation or exactmore » form in the gaseous diffusion cascades is not well defined. Several forms of Tc-99 compounds, mostly the fluorinated technetium compounds with varying degrees of volatility have been speculated by the scientific community to be present in these cascades. Therefore, there may be a possibility of using thermal or leaching desorption, which is independent of the technetium oxidation states, to perform an insitu removal of the technetium as a volatile species and trap the radionuclide on sorbent traps which could be disposed as low-level waste. Based on the positive results of the first part of this work1 the use of steam as a thermal decontamination agent was further explored with a second piece of used barrier material from a different location. This new series of tests included exposing more of the material surface to the flow of high temperature steam through the change in the reactor design, subjecting it to alternating periods of stream and vacuum, as well as determining if a lower temperature steam, i.e., 121°C (250°F) would be effective, too. Along with these methods, one other simpler method involving the leaching of the Tc-99 contaminated barrier material with a 1.0 M aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate, with and without

  19. GPER-targeted, 99mTc-labeled, nonsteroidal ligands demonstrate selective tumor imaging and in vivo estrogen binding.

    PubMed

    Nayak, Tapan K; Ramesh, Chinnasamy; Hathaway, Helen J; Norenberg, Jeffrey P; Arterburn, Jeffrey B; Prossnitz, Eric R

    2014-11-01

    Our understanding of estrogen (17β-estradiol, E2) receptor biology has evolved in recent years with the discovery and characterization of a 7-transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) and the development of GPER-selective functional chemical probes. GPER is highly expressed in certain breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, establishing the importance of noninvasive methods to evaluate GPER expression in vivo. Here, we developed (99m)Tc-labeled GPER ligands to demonstrate the in vivo status of GPER as an estrogen receptor (ER) and for GPER visualization in whole animals. A series of (99m)Tc(I)-labeled nonsteroidal tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolone derivatives was synthesized utilizing pyridin-2-yl hydrazine and picolylamine chelates. Radioligand receptor binding studies revealed binding affinities in the 10 to 30 nmol/L range. Cell signaling assays previously demonstrated that derivatives retaining a ketone functionality displayed agonist properties, whereas those lacking such a hydrogen bond acceptor were antagonists. In vivo biodistribution and imaging studies performed on mice bearing human endometrial and breast cancer cell xenografts yielded significant tumor uptake (0.4-1.1%ID/g). Blocking studies revealed specific uptake in multiple organs (adrenals, uterus, and mammary tissue), as well as tumor uptake with similar levels of competition by E2 and G-1, a GPER-selective agonist. In conclusion, we synthesized and evaluated a series of first-generation (99m)Tc-labeled GPER-specific radioligands, demonstrating GPER as an estrogen-binding receptor for the first time in vivo using competitive binding principles, and establishing the utility of such ligands as tumor imaging agents. These results warrant further investigation into the role of GPER in estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis and as a target for diagnostic/therapeutic/image-guided drug delivery. These studies provide a molecular basis to evaluate GPER expression and function

  20. (99m)Tc-labeled SWL specific peptide for targeting EphA2 receptor.

    PubMed

    Liu, Yu; Lan, Xiaoli; Wu, Tao; Lang, Juntao; Jin, Xueyan; Sun, Xun; Wen, Qiong; An, Rui

    2014-07-01

    EphA2, one member of the Eph receptor family, is widely expressed in multiple aggressive cancers. SWL, a small peptide identified by phage display, has high binding affinity to EphA2, suggesting that it could be exploited for targeted molecular imaging. Therefore, a novel peptide-based probe, (99m)Tc-HYNIC-SWL, was developed and its potential to specifically target EphA2-positive tumors was investigated. The SWL peptide was labeled with hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC), followed by (99m)Tc labeling. Immunofluorescence staining was carried out to detect the expression of EphA2 in A549 lung cancer cells and OCM-1 melanoma cells. Saturation binding experiments were performed by incubating A549 cells with increasing concentrations of radiolabeled peptide in vitro. To test the probe in vivo, nude mice bearing either A549 or OCM-1 derived tumors were established, injected with (99m)Tc-HYNIC-SWL, and subjected to SPECT imaging. Mice injected with excess unlabeled SWL were used as a specific control. Ex vivo γ-counting of dissected tissues from the mice was also performed to evaluate biodistribution. Immunofluorescence staining showed that A549 cells intensively expressed EphA2, while OCM-1 cells had little expression. (99m)Tc-HYNIC-SWL displayed high binding affinity with A549 cells (KD=2.6±0.7nM). From the SPECT images and the results of the biodistribution study, significantly higher uptake of the tracer was seen in A549 tumors (1.44±0.12 %ID/g) than in OCM-1 tumors (0.43±0.20 %ID/g) at 1h after injection. Pre-injection with excess unlabeled peptide in A549-bearing nude mice, significantly reduced tumor uptake of the radiolabeled probe (0.58±0.20 %ID/g) was seen. These data suggest that (99m)Tc-HYNIC-SWL specifically targets EphA2 in tumors. The expression of EphA2 can be noninvasively investigated using (99m)Tc-HYNIC-SWL by SPECT imaging. The in vitro and in vivo characteristics of (99m)Tc-HYNIC-SWL make it a promising probe for EphA2-positive tumor imaging

  1. Kinetic sensitivity of a receptor-binding radiopharmaceutical: Technetium-99m galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vera, D.R.; Woodle, E.S.; Stadalnik, R.C.

    1989-09-01

    Kinetic sensitivity is the ability of a physiochemical parameter to alter the time-activity curve of a radiotracer. The kinetic sensitivity of liver and blood time-activity data resulting from a single bolus injection of ({sup 99m}Tc)galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (( Tc)NGA) into healthy pigs was examined. Three parameters, hepatic plasma flow scaled as flow per plasma volume, ligand-receptor affinity, and total receptor concentration, were tested using (Tc)NGA injections of various molar doses and affinities. Simultaneous measurements of plasma volume (iodine-125 human serum albumin dilution), and hepatic plasma flow (indocyanine green extraction) were performed during 12 (Tc)NGA studies. Paired data sets demonstrated differences (P(chi v2)more » less than 0.01) in liver and blood time-activity curves in response to changes in each of the tested parameters. We conclude that the (Tc)NGA radiopharmacokinetic system is therefore sensitive to hepatic plasma flow, ligand-receptor affinity, and receptor concentration. In vivo demonstration of kinetic sensitivity permits delineation of the physiologic parameters that determine the biodistribution of a radiopharmaceutical. This delineation is a prerequisite to a valid analytic assessment of receptor biochemistry via kinetic modeling.« less

  2. Low-activity 124I-PET/low-dose CT versus 99mTc-pertechnetate planar scintigraphy or 99mTc-pertechnetate single-photon emission computed tomography of the thyroid: a pilot comparison.

    PubMed

    Darr, Andreas M; Opfermann, Thomas; Niksch, Tobias; Driesch, Dominik; Marlowe, Robert J; Freesmeyer, Martin

    2013-10-01

    The standard thyroid functional imaging method, 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTc-PT) planar scintigraphy, has technical drawbacks decreasing its sensitivity in detecting nodules or anatomical pathology. 124I-PET, lacking these disadvantages and allowing simultaneous CT, may have greater sensitivity for these purposes. We performed a blinded pilot comparison of 124I-PET(/CT) versus 99mTc-PT planar scintigraphy or its cross-sectional enhancement, 99mTc-PT single-photon emission CT (SPECT), in characterizing the thyroid gland with benign disease. Twenty-one consecutive adults with goiter underwent low-activity (1 MBq/0.027 mCi) 124I-PET/low-dose (30 mAs) CT, 99mTc-PT planar scintigraphy, and 99mTc-PT-SPECT. Endpoints included the numbers of “hot spots” with/without central photopenia and “cold spots” detected, the proportion of these lesions with morphological correlates, the mean volume and diameter of visualized nodules, and the number of cases of lobus pyramidalis or retrosternal thyroid tissue identified. 124I-PET detected significantly more “hot spots” with/without central photopenia (P < 0.001), significantly more nodules (P < 0.001), and more “cold spots” than did 99mTc-PT planar scintigraphy or 99mTc-PT-SPECT, including all lesions seen on the 99mTc-PT modalities. Ultrasonographic correlates were found for all nodules visualized on all 3 modalities and 92.5% of nodules seen only on 124I-PET. Nodules discernible only on 124I-PET had significantly smaller mean volume or diameter (P < 0.001) than did those visualized on 99mTc-PT planar scintigraphy or 99mTc-PT-SPECT. 124I-PET(/CT) identified significantly more patients with a lobus pyramidalis (P < 0.001) or retrosternal thyroid tissue (P < 0.05). 124I-PET(/CT) may provide superior imaging of benign thyroid disease compared to planar or cross-sectional 99mTc-PT scintigraphy.

  3. Cohesive Relations for Surface Atoms in the Iron-Technetium Binary System

    DOE PAGES

    Taylor, Christopher D.

    2011-01-01

    Iron-technetium alloys are of relevance to the development of waste forms for disposition of radioactive technetium-99 obtained from spent nuclear fuel. Corrosion of candidate waste forms is a function of the local cohesive energy () of surface atoms. A theoretical model for calculating is developed. Density functional theory was used to construct a modified embedded atom (MEAM) potential for iron-technetium. Materials properties determined for the iron-technetium system were in good agreement with the literature. To explore the relationship between local structure and corrosion, MEAM simulations were performed on representative iron-technetium alloys and intermetallics. Technetium-rich phases have lower , suggesting thatmore » these phases will be more noble than iron-rich ones. Quantitative estimates of based on numbers of nearest neighbors alone can lead to errors up to 0.5 eV. Consequently, atomistic corrosion simulations for alloy systems should utilize physics-based models that consider not only neighbor counts, but also local compositions and atomic arrangements.« less

  4. 99mTc Labeled Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Analogue (99mTc-GLP1) Scintigraphy in the Management of Patients with Occult Insulinoma

    PubMed Central

    Sowa-Staszczak, Anna; Trofimiuk-Müldner, Małgorzata; Stefańska, Agnieszka; Tomaszuk, Monika; Buziak-Bereza, Monika; Gilis-Januszewska, Aleksandra; Jabrocka-Hybel, Agata; Głowa, Bogusław; Małecki, Maciej; Bednarczuk, Tomasz; Kamiński, Grzegorz; Kowalska, Aldona; Mikołajczak, Renata; Janota, Barbara; Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Alicja

    2016-01-01

    Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the utility of [Lys40(Ahx-HYNIC-99mTc/EDDA)NH2]-exendin-4 scintigraphy in the management of patients with hypoglycemia, particularly in the detection of occult insulinoma. Materials and Methods Forty patients with hypoglycemia and increased/confusing results of serum insulin and C-peptide concentration and negative/inconclusive results of other imaging examinations were enrolled in the study. In all patients GLP-1 receptor imaging was performed to localise potential pancreatic lesions. Results Positive results of GLP-1 scintigraphy were observed in 28 patients. In 18 patients postsurgical histopathological examination confirmed diagnosis of insulinoma. Two patients had contraindications to the surgery, one patient did not want to be operated. One patient, who presented with postprandial hypoglycemia, with positive result of GLP-1 imaging was not qualified for surgery and is in the observational group. Eight patients were lost for follow up, among them 6 patients with positive GLP-1 scintigraphy result. One patient with negative scintigraphy was diagnosed with malignant insulinoma. In two patients with negative scintigraphy Munchausen syndrome was diagnosed (patients were taking insulin). Other seven patients with negative results of 99mTcGLP-1 scintigraphy and postprandial hypoglycemia with C-peptide and insulin levels within the limits of normal ranges are in the observational group. We would like to mention that 99mTc-GLP1-SPECT/CT was also performed in 3 pts with nesidioblastosis (revealing diffuse tracer uptake in two and a focal lesion in one case) and in two patients with malignant insulinoma (with the a focal uptake in the localization of a removed pancreatic headin one case and negative GLP-1 1 scintigraphy in the other patient). Conclusions 99mTc-GLP1-SPECT/CT could be helpful examination in the management of patients with hypoglycemia enabling proper localization of the pancreatic lesion and effective

  5. Localization of hemorrhage in a recurrent hemothorax using Tc-99m-sulfur colloid

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Taillefer, R.; Essiambre, R.; Lemieux, R.

    1981-05-01

    Tc99m-sulfur colloid scintigraphy has proven clinically useful in identifying gastrointestinal hemorrhages. The authors describe a patient with recurrent hemothorax under oral anticoagulation therapy in which Tc-99m-sulfur colloid imaging was used to determine the site of bleeding.

  6. (99m)Tc-Annexin A5 quantification of apoptotic tumor response: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical imaging trials.

    PubMed

    Belhocine, Tarik Z; Blankenberg, Francis G; Kartachova, Marina S; Stitt, Larry W; Vanderheyden, Jean-Luc; Hoebers, Frank J P; Van de Wiele, Christophe

    2015-12-01

    (99m)Tc-Annexin A5 has been used as a molecular imaging probe for the visualization, characterization and measurement of apoptosis. In an effort to define the quantitative (99m)Tc-annexin A5 uptake criteria that best predict tumor response to treatment, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the results of all clinical imaging trials found in the literature or publicly available databases. Included in this review were 17 clinical trials investigating quantitative (99m)Tc-annexin A5 (qAnx5) imaging using different parameters in cancer patients before and after the first course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Qualitative assessment of the clinical studies for diagnostic accuracy was performed using the QUADAS-2 criteria. Of these studies, five prospective single-center clinical trials (92 patients in total) were included in the meta-analysis after exclusion of one multicenter clinical trial due to heterogeneity. Pooled positive predictive values (PPV) and pooled negative predictive values (NPV) (with 95% CI) were calculated using Meta-Disc software version 1.4. Absolute quantification and/or relative quantification of (99m)Tc-annexin A5 uptake were performed at baseline and after the start of treatment. Various quantitative parameters have been used for the calculation of (99m)Tc-annexin A5 tumor uptake and delta (Δ) tumor changes post-treatment compared to baseline including: tumor-to-background ratio (TBR), ΔTBR, tumor-to-noise ratio, relative tumor ratio (TR), ΔTR, standardized tumor uptake ratio (STU), ΔSTU, maximum count per pixel within the tumor volume (Cmax), Cmax%, absolute ΔU and percentage (ΔU%), maximum ΔU counts, semiquantitative visual scoring, percent injected dose (%ID) and %ID/cm(3). Clinical trials investigating qAnx5 imaging have included patients with lung cancer, lymphoma, breast cancer, head and neck cancer and other less common tumor types. In two phase I/II single-center clinical trials, an increase of ≥25% in

  7. MO-F-CAMPUS-I-05: Radiation Dosimetry of 99mTc-IDA-D-[c(RGDfK)]2, a SPECT Agent for Angiogenesis Imaging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kim, J

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: Tc-99m labeled IDA-D-[c(RGDfK){sub 2} ( {sup 99m}Tc-RGD) is a recently developed radiotracer for gamma camera or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and promising agent for the visualization of angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the internal radiation dosimetry of {sup 99m}Tc-RGD in humans. Methods: Six normal controls (F:M=4:2; 68.3±3.2 years; 56.5±10.7 kg) were participated in this study. Simultaneous anterior and posterior scans of whole-body were performed using dual head gamma camera system. Before the emission scan, transmission scan was performed just before injection of {sup 99m}Tc-RGD using Co-57 flood source. After an intravenous injection of 388.7±29.3 MBqmore » of {sup 99m}Tc-RGD, six serial emission scans were performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours post-injection. The anterior and posterior images were geometrically averaged and attenuation correction was applied using transmission scan image. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on liver, gallbladder, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, brain, and large intestine. Time activity curves were obtained from serial emission scan and ROIs. The number of disintegrations per unit activity administered (residence time) were calculated from the area under the curve of time activity curves and injected dose of each patient. Finally, the radiation dose for each organ and effective doses were obtained using OLINDA/EXM 1.1 software and residence time. Results: High radiation doses were reported on renal and biliary excretion tracks such as urinary bladder wall, upper large intestine, kidneys, liver and gallbladder wall and their doses were 19.15±6.84, 19.28±4.78, 15.67±0.90, 9.13±1.71 and 9.09±2.03 µGy/MBq, respectively. The effective dose and effective dose equivalent were 5.08±0.53 and 7.11±0.58 µSv/MBq, respectively. Conclusion: We evaluated the radiation dose of 99mTc-RGD, which has an acceptable effective radiation dose compare to the other Tc-99m labeled

  8. The significance of 99mTc-MAA SPECT/CT liver perfusion imaging in treatment planning for 90Y-microsphere selective internal radiation treatment.

    PubMed

    Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat; Sabet, Amir; Biermann, Kim; Muckle, Marianne; Brockmann, Holger; Kuhl, Christiane; Wilhelm, Kai; Biersack, Hans-Jürgen; Ezziddin, Samer

    2010-08-01

    Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), a catheter-based liver-directed modality for treating primary and metastatic liver cancer, requires appropriate planning to maximize its therapeutic response and minimize its side effects. (99m)Tc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) scanning should precede the therapy to detect any extrahepatic shunting to the lung or gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to compare the ability of SPECT/CT with that of planar imaging and SPECT in the detection and localization of extrahepatic (99m)Tc-MAA accumulation and to evaluate the impact of SPECT/CT on SIRT treatment planning and its added value to angiography in this setting. Ninety diagnostic hepatic angiograms with (99m)Tc-MAA were obtained for 76 patients with different types of cancer. All images were reviewed retrospectively for extrahepatic MAA deposition in the following order: planar, non-attenuation-corrected SPECT, and SPECT/CT. Review of angiograms and follow-up of patients with abdominal shunting served as reference standards. Extrahepatic accumulation was detected by planar imaging, SPECT, and SPECT/CT in 12%, 17%, and 42% of examinations, respectively. The sensitivity for detecting extrahepatic shunting with planar imaging, SPECT, and SPECT/CT was 32%, 41%, and 100%, respectively; specificity was 98%, 98%, and 93%, respectively. The respective positive predictive values were 92%, 93%, and 89%, and the respective negative predictive values were 71%, 73%, and 100%. The therapy plan was changed according to the results of planar imaging, SPECT, and SPECT/CT in 7.8%, 8.9%, and 29% of patients, respectively. In pre-SIRT planning, (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT/CT is valuable for identifying extrahepatic visceral sites at risk for postradioembolization complications.

  9. Dynamic CT for Parathyroid Adenoma Detection: How Does Radiation Dose Compare With Nuclear Medicine?

    PubMed

    Czarnecki, Caroline A; Einsiedel, Paul F; Phal, Pramit M; Miller, Julie A; Lichtenstein, Meir; Stella, Damien L

    2018-05-01

    Dynamic CT is increasingly used for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas, but concerns remain about the radiation effective dose of CT compared with that of 99m Tc-sestamibi scintigraphy. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiation dose delivered by three-phase dynamic CT with that delivered by 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT performed in accordance with our current protocols and to assess the possible reduction in effective dose achieved by decreasing the scan length (i.e., z-axis) of two phases of the dynamic CT protocol. The effective dose of a 99m Tc-sestamibi nuclear medicine parathyroid study performed with and without coregistration CT was calculated and compared with the effective dose of our current three-phase dynamic CT protocol as well as a proposed protocol involving CT with reduced scan length. The median effective dose for a 99m Tc-sestamibi nuclear medicine study was 5.6 mSv. This increased to 12.4 mSv with the addition of coregistration CT, which is higher than the median effective dose of 9.3 mSv associated with the dynamic CT protocol. Reducing the scan length of two phases in the dynamic CT protocol could reduce the median effective dose to 6.1 mSv, which would be similar to that of the dose from the 99m Tc-sestamibi study alone. Dynamic CT used for the detection of parathyroid adenoma can deliver a lower radiation dose than 99m Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT. It may be possible to reduce the dose further by decreasing the scan length of two of the phases, although whether this has an impact on accuracy of the localization needs further investigation.

  10. Evaluation of Technetium Getters to Improve the Performance of Cast Stone

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Neeway, James J.; Qafoku, Nikolla P.; Serne, R. Jeffrey

    2015-11-01

    Cast Stone has been selected as the preferred waste form for solidification of aqueous secondary liquid effluents from the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) process condensates and low-activity waste (LAW) melter off-gas caustic scrubber effluents. Cast Stone is also being evaluated as a supplemental immobilization technology to provide the necessary LAW treatment capacity to complete the Hanford tank waste cleanup mission in a timely and cost effective manner. One of the major radionuclides that Cast Stone has the potential to immobilize is technetium (Tc). The mechanism for immobilization is through the reduction of the highly mobile Tc(VII)more » species to the less mobile Tc(IV) species by the blast furnace slag (BFS) used in the Cast Stone formulation. Technetium immobilization through this method would be beneficial because Tc is one of the most difficult contaminants to address at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site due to its complex chemical behavior in tank waste, limited incorporation in mid- to high-temperature immobilization processes (vitrification, steam reformation, etc.), and high mobility in subsurface environments. In fact, the Tank Closure and Waste Management Environmental Impact Statement for the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington (TC&WM EIS) identifies technetium-99 ( 99Tc) as one of the radioactive tank waste components contributing the most to the environmental impact associated with the cleanup of the Hanford Site. The TC&WM EIS, along with an earlier supplemental waste-form risk assessment, used a diffusion-limited release model to estimate the release of different contaminants from the WTP process waste forms. In both of these predictive modeling exercises, where effective diffusivities based on grout performance data available at the time, groundwater at the 100-m down-gradient well exceeded the allowable maximum permissible concentrations for 99Tc. (900 pCi/L). Recent relatively short-term (63

  11. Preparation and comparative evaluation of 99m Tc-HYNIC-cNGR and 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG2 -cNGR as tumor-targeting molecular imaging probes.

    PubMed

    Vats, Kusum; Satpati, Drishty; Sharma, Rohit; Kumar, Chandan; Sarma, Haladhar Dev; Banerjee, Sharmila

    2018-02-01

    The tripeptide sequence asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) specifically recognizes aminopeptidase N (APN or CD13) receptors highly expressed on tumor cells and vasculature. Thus, NGR peptides can precisely deliver therapeutic and diagnostic compounds to CD13 expressing cancer sites. In this regard, 2 NGR peptide ligands, HYNIC-c(NGR) and HYNIC-PEG 2 -c(NGR), were synthesized, radiolabeled with 99m Tc, and evaluated in CD13-positive human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 tumor xenografts. The radiotracers, 99m Tc-HYNIC-c(NGR) and 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG 2 -c(NGR), could be prepared in approximately 95% radiochemical purity and exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. The radiotracers were hydrophilic in nature with log P values being -2.33 ± 0.05 and -2.61 ± 0.08. The uptake of 2 radiotracers 99m Tc-HYNIC-c(NGR) and 99m Tc-HYNIC-PEG 2 -c(NGR) was similar in nude mice bearing human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 tumor xenografts, which was significantly reduced (P < .05) during blocking studies. The 2 radiotracers being hydrophilic cleared rapidly from blood, liver, and intestine and were excreted through renal pathway. The pharmacokinetics of 99m Tc-labeled HYNIC peptide could not be modulated through introduction of PEG 2 unit, thus posing a challenge for studies with other linkers towards enhanced tumor uptake and retention. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. Radionuclide imaging in myocardial sarcoidosis. Demonstration of myocardial uptake of /sup 99m/Tc pyrophosphate and gallium

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Forman, M.B.; Sandler, M.P.; Sacks, G.A.

    1983-03-01

    A patient had severe congestive cardiomyopathy secondary to myocardial sarcoidosis. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by radionuclide ventriculography, /sup 201/Tl, /sup 67/Ga, and /sup 99m/Tc pyrophosphate (TcPYP) scintigraphy. Myocardial TcPYP uptake has not been reported previously in sarcoidosis. In this patient, TcPYP was as useful as gallium scanning and thallium imaging in documenting the myocardial process.

  13. Clinical translation of a PSMA inhibitor for 99mTc-based SPECT.

    PubMed

    Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Luna-Gutiérrez, Myrna; Ocampo-García, Blanca; Santos-Cuevas, Clara; Azorín-Vega, Erika; Jiménez-Mancilla, Nallely; Orocio-Rodríguez, Emmanuel; Davanzo, Jenny; García-Pérez, Francisco O

    2017-05-01

    Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly over-expressed in advanced prostate cancers. 68 Ga-labeled PSMA inhibitors (iPSMA) are currently used for prostate cancer detection by PET imaging. The availability of simple, efficient and reproducible radiolabeling procedures is essential for developing new SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for clinical translation. The aim of this research was to prepare 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys(Nal)-Urea-Glu ( 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA) obtained from lyophilized kit formulations and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo radiopharmaceutical binding to prostate cancer cells over-expressing PSMA, as well as the 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA normal biodistribution in humans and the preliminary uptake in patients with prostate cancer. 99m Tc labeling was performed by adding sodium pertechnetate solution and a 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) to a lyophilized formulation containing HYNIC-iPSMA, EDDA, tricine, mannitol and stannous chloride. The radiochemical purity was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC and ITLC-SG analyses. Stability studies in human serum were performed by size-exclusion HPLC. In vitro cell uptake was tested using prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) with blocked and non-blocked receptors. Biodistribution and tumor uptake were determined in LNCaP tumor-bearing nude mice with blocked and non-blocked receptors, and images were obtained using a micro-SPECT/CT. Whole-body images from three healthy men and two patients with histologically-confirmed prostate cancer (one of them with a previous 68 Ga-PSMA-617scan) were acquired at 1h and 3h after 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA administration with radiochemical purities of >98%. In vitro and in vivo studies showed high radiopharmaceutical stability in human serum, specific recognition for PSMA, high tumor uptake (10.22±2.96% ID/g at 1h) with rapid blood clearance and mainly kidney elimination. Preliminary images in patients demonstrated the ability of 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA to detect tumors and metastases of

  14. Real-Time Intraoperative Detection of Breast Cancer using Near-infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Methylene Blue

    PubMed Central

    Tummers, Quirijn R.J.G.; Verbeek, Floris P.R.; Schaafsma, Boudewijn E.; Boonstra, Martin C.; van der Vorst, Joost R.; Liefers, Gerrit-Jan; van de Velde, Cornelis J.H.; Frangioni, John V.; Vahrmeijer, Alexander L.

    2014-01-01

    Background Despite recent developments in preoperative breast cancer imaging, intraoperative localization of tumor tissue can be challenging, resulting in tumor-positive resection margins during breast-conserving surgery. Based on certain physicochemical similarities between Technetium(99mTc)-sestamibi (MIBI), a SPECT radiodiagnostic with a sensitivity of 83–90% to detect breast cancer preoperatively, and the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore Methylene Blue (MB), we hypothesized that MB might detect breast cancer intraoperatively using NIR fluorescence imaging. Methods Twenty-four patients with breast cancer, planned for surgical resection, were included. Patients were divided in 2 administration groups, which differed with respect to the timing of MB administration. N = 12 patients per group were administered 1.0 mg/kg MB intravenously either immediately or 3 h before surgery. The mini-FLARE imaging system was used to identify the NIR fluorescent signal during surgery and on post-resected specimens transferred to the pathology department. Results were confirmed by NIR fluorescence microscopy. Results 20/24 (83%) of breast tumors (carcinoma in N=21 and ductal carcinoma in situ in N=3) were identified in the resected specimen using NIR fluorescence imaging. Patients with non-detectable tumors were significantly older. No significant relation to receptor status or tumor grade was seen. Overall tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was 2.4 ± 0.8. There was no significant difference between TBR and background signal between administration groups. In 2/4 patients with positive resection margins, breast cancer tissue identified in the wound bed during surgery would have changed surgical management. Histology confirmed the concordance of fluorescence signal and tumor tissue. Conclusions This feasibility study demonstrated an overall breast cancer identification rate using MB of 83%, with real-time intraoperative guidance having the potential to alter patient management. PMID

  15. Real-time intraoperative detection of breast cancer using near-infrared fluorescence imaging and Methylene Blue.

    PubMed

    Tummers, Q R J G; Verbeek, F P R; Schaafsma, B E; Boonstra, M C; van der Vorst, J R; Liefers, G-J; van de Velde, C J H; Frangioni, J V; Vahrmeijer, A L

    2014-07-01

    Despite recent developments in preoperative breast cancer imaging, intraoperative localization of tumor tissue can be challenging, resulting in tumor-positive resection margins during breast conserving surgery. Based on certain physicochemical similarities between Technetium((99m)Tc)-sestamibi (MIBI), an SPECT radiodiagnostic with a sensitivity of 83-90% to detect breast cancer preoperatively, and the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore Methylene Blue (MB), we hypothesized that MB might detect breast cancer intraoperatively using NIR fluorescence imaging. Twenty-four patients with breast cancer, planned for surgical resection, were included. Patients were divided in 2 administration groups, which differed with respect to the timing of MB administration. N = 12 patients per group were administered 1.0 mg/kg MB intravenously either immediately or 3 h before surgery. The mini-FLARE imaging system was used to identify the NIR fluorescent signal during surgery and on post-resected specimens transferred to the pathology department. Results were confirmed by NIR fluorescence microscopy. 20/24 (83%) of breast tumors (carcinoma in N = 21 and ductal carcinoma in situ in N = 3) were identified in the resected specimen using NIR fluorescence imaging. Patients with non-detectable tumors were significantly older. No significant relation to receptor status or tumor grade was seen. Overall tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was 2.4 ± 0.8. There was no significant difference between TBR and background signal between administration groups. In 2/4 patients with positive resection margins, breast cancer tissue identified in the wound bed during surgery would have changed surgical management. Histology confirmed the concordance of fluorescence signal and tumor tissue. This feasibility study demonstrated an overall breast cancer identification rate using MB of 83%, with real-time intraoperative guidance having the potential to alter patient management. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All

  16. Tc-99 Decontamination From Heat Treated Gaseous Diffusion Membrane -Phase I

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Oji, L.; Wilmarth, B.; Restivo, M.

    2017-03-13

    Uranium gaseous diffusion cascades represent a significant environmental challenge to dismantle, containerize and dispose as low-level radioactive waste. Baseline technologies rely on manual manipulations involving direct access to technetium-contaminated piping and materials. There is a potential to utilize novel thermal decontamination technologies to remove the technetium and allow for on-site disposal of the very large uranium converters. Technetium entered these gaseous diffusion cascades as a hexafluoride complex in the same fashion as uranium. Technetium, as the isotope Tc-99, is an impurity that follows uranium in the first cycle of the Plutonium and Uranium Extraction (PUREX) process. The technetium speciation ormore » exact form in the gas diffusion cascades is not well defined. Several forms of Tc-99 compounds, mostly the fluorinated technetium compounds with varying degrees of volatility have been speculated by the scientific community to be present in these cascades. Therefore, there may be a possibility of using thermal desorption, which is independent of the technetium oxidation states, to perform an in situ removal of the technetium as a volatile species and trap the radionuclide on sorbent traps which could be disposed as low-level waste.« less

  17. Development of Alternative Technetium Waste Forms

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Czerwinski, Kenneth

    2013-09-13

    The UREX+1 process is under consideration for the separation of transuranic elements from spent nuclear fuel. The first steps of this process extract the fission product technicium-99 ({sup 99}Tc) into an organic phase containing tributylphosphate together with uranium. Treatment of this stream requires the separation of Tc from U and placement into a suitable waste storage form. A potential candidate waste form involves immobilizing the Tc as an alloy with either excess metallic zirconium or stainless steel. Although Tc-Zr alloys seem to be promising waste forms, alternative materials must be investigated. Innovative studies related to the synthesis and behavior ofmore » a different class of Tc materials will increase the scientific knowledge related to development of Tc waste forms. These studies will also provide a better understanding of the behavior of {sup 99}Tc in repository conditions. A literature survey has selected promising alternative waste forms for further study: technetium metallic alloys, nitrides, oxides, sulfides, and pertechnetate salts. The goals of this project are to 1) synthesize and structurally characterize relevant technetium materials that may be considered as waste forms, 2) investigate material behavior in solution under different conditions of temperature, electrochemical potential, and radiation, and 3) predict the long-term behavior of these materials.« less

  18. (99m) Tc-tricabonyl labeling of ofloxacin and its biological evaluation in Staphylococcus aureus as an infection imaging agent.

    PubMed

    Erfani, Mostafa; Doroudi, Alireza; Hadisi, Leila; Andishmand, Ali; Mirshojaei, Seyedeh Fatemeh; Shafiei, Mohammad

    2013-10-01

    Even in recent decades, one of the major causes of death and unhealthiness in the whole world is infection and inflammation. The use of radiopharmaceuticals is a powerful tool in managing the patients with infectious diseases. In this study, ofloxacin as a second-generation fluoroquinolone has been labeled with [(99m) Tc(CO)3 (H2 O)3 ](+) core to formulate a suitable infection imaging agent. Ofloxacin was radiolabeled with (99m) Tc using carbonyl core. Radioligand chemical analysis involved HPLC methods. Radioconjugate stability and lipophilicity were determined. Binding with Staphylococcus aureus and biodistribution in infected mice for labeled compound were studied. The radioligand was characterized by HPLC, and its radiochemical purity was more than 90%. In vitro stability studies have shown the complex was stable at least 6 h after labeling at room temperature. The n-octanol/water partition coefficient experiment exhibited logP = 1.52 ± 0.21 for (99m) Tc(CO)3 -ofloxacin. The complex showed specific binding to S. aureus. Biodistribution results showed that radioligand had high accumulation in the infected muscle in a mice (T/NT = 2.02 ± 0.12 at 4 h postinjection). On the basis of stability and infection site uptake ratio, suitability of this complex as a radiotracer for imaging of infections is recognized. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  19. Limitations and pitfalls of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC (Tektrotyd) scintigraphy.

    PubMed

    Garai, Ildikó; Barna, Sandor; Nagy, Gabor; Forgacs, Attila

    2016-01-01

    Tektrotyd kit was developed by Polatom company for 99mTc labeling to make an alternative tracer of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy available. Since 2005, 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-Octreotide has been used in clinical imaging and achieved high impact in management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Knowing the limitations and pitfalls is essential to provide ac-curate diagnosis. Therefore, the potential pitfalls associated with the use of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC are reviewed on the basis of own experience. Data were analyzed of 310 patients who underwent somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 99mTc-Tektrotyd. Pitfalls during radiolabeling process or acquisition can worsen the sensitivity of SRS (somatostatin receptor scintigraphy). Recognizing physi-ological and clinical pitfalls, the diagnostic accuracy will improve.

  20. Development of (99m)Tc-Labeled Pyridyl Benzofuran Derivatives To Detect Pancreatic Amylin in Islet Amyloid Model Mice.

    PubMed

    Yoshimura, Masashi; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Saji, Hideo

    2016-06-15

    While islet amyloid deposition comprising amylin is one of pathological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), no useful amylin-imaging probe has been reported. In this study, we evaluated two (99m)Tc-labeled pyridyl benzofuran derivatives as novel amylin-imaging probes using the newly established islet amyloid model mouse. Binding experiments in vitro demonstrated that [(99m)Tc]1 displayed a higher affinity for amylin aggregates than [(99m)Tc]2. Autoradiographic studies using human pancreas sections with T2DM revealed that [(99m)Tc]1 clearly labeled islet amyloid in T2DM pancreatic sections, while [(99m)Tc]2 did not. Although the initial uptake of [(99m)Tc]1 by the normal mouse pancreas was low (0.74%ID/g at 2 min post-injection), [(99m)Tc]1 showed higher retention in the model mouse pancreas than that of the normal mouse, and exhibited strong binding to amylin aggregates in the living pancreas of the model mice. These results suggest that [(99m)Tc]1 is a potential imaging probe targeting islet amyloids in the T2DM pancreas.

  1. 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate in detection of atypical bronchial carcinoid.

    PubMed

    Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, A; Fröss-Baron, K; Gołkowski, F; Sowa-Staszczak, A; Mikołajczak, R; Huszno, B

    2007-01-01

    Pulmonary carcinoids cause serious difficulties in imaging diagnostics in all stages of the disease. SRS holds great promise for detecting occult primary tu and metastatic lesions. (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate, a new scintigraphic agent, should significantly improve sensitivity of the diagnostics of carcinoids due to better affinity to SSR2 than (111)In-Octreoscan and the higher count rate obtained from (99m)Tc over (111)In. We present a case of a 40-year-old women operated on because of lung carcinoid tumour in 2002. The symptoms did not resolve after the operation and 5-OHIAA was still elevated. The thorax spiral CT revealed the focal lesion beneath carina. (111)In-Octreoscan and (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate SRS revealed two focal lesions in the mediastinum. (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate detected two additional lesions in the lower part of the right lung. Target/non-target count ratios of the lesions were as follows: (99m)Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate scans - 2,9, (111)In-Octreoscan- 2,1. PET-FDG examination revealed no pathology. Owing to severe bone pains and carcinoid symptoms the patient was referred for the 90Y-DOTA-octreotate treatment. SRS with a new 99mTc marked somatostatin analogue - octreotate allows for a more sensitive detection of metastatic leasions in carcinoid tumours. The usefulness of 18F-FDG PET, widely used as a powerful imaging technique in clinical oncology, is limited in detection of carcinoid tumours due to the low proliferative activity.

  2. Rapid noninvasive detection of experimental atherosclerotic lesions with novel 99mTc-labeled diadenosine tetraphosphates

    PubMed Central

    Elmaleh, David R.; Narula, Jagat; Babich, John W.; Petrov, Artiom; Fischman, Alan J.; Khaw, Ban-An; Rapaport, Eliezer; Zamecnik, Paul C.

    1998-01-01

    The development of a noninvasive imaging procedure for identifying atherosclerotic lesions is extremely important for the clinical management of patients with coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Although numerous radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed for this purpose, none has demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy required to replace invasive angiography. In this report, we used the radiolabeled purine analog, 99mTc diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A; AppppA, P1,P4-di(adenosine-5′)-tetraphosphate) and its analogue 99mTc AppCHClppA for imaging experimental atherosclerotic lesions in New Zealand White rabbits. Serial gamma camera images were obtained after intravenous injection of the radiolabeled dinucleotides. After acquiring the final images, the animals were sacrificed, ex vivo images of the aortas were recorded, and biodistribution was measured. 99mTc-Ap4A and 99mTc AppCHClppA accumulated rapidly in atherosclerotic abdominal aorta, and lesions were clearly visible within 30 min after injection in all animals that were studied. Both radiopharmaceuticals were retained in the lesions for 3 hr, and the peak lesion to normal vessel ratio was 7.4 to 1. Neither of the purine analogs showed significant accumulation in the abdominal aorta of normal (control) rabbits. The excised aortas showed lesion patterns that were highly correlated with the in vivo and ex vivo imaging results. The present study demonstrates that purine receptors are up-regulated in experimental atherosclerotic lesions and 99mTc-labeled purine analogs have potential for rapid noninvasive detection of plaque formation. PMID:9435254

  3. Global Xenon-133 Emission Inventory Caused by Medical Isotope Production and Derived from the Worldwide Technetium-99m Demand

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kalinowski, Martin B.; Grosch, Martina; Hebel, Simon

    2014-03-01

    Emissions from medical isotope production are the most important source of background for atmospheric radioxenon measurements, which are an essential part of nuclear explosion monitoring. This article presents a new approach for estimating the global annual radioxenon emission inventory caused by medical isotope production using the amount of Tc-99m applications in hospitals as the basis. Tc-99m is the most commonly used isotope in radiology and dominates the medical isotope production. This paper presents the first estimate of the global production of Tc-99m. Depending on the production and transport scenario, global xenon emissions of 11-45 PBq/year can be derived from the global isotope demand. The lower end of this estimate is in good agreement with other estimations which are making use of reported releases and realistic process simulations. This proves the validity of the complementary assessment method proposed in this paper. It may be of relevance for future emission scenarios and for estimating the contribution to the global source term from countries and operators that do not make sufficient radioxenon release information available. It depends on sound data on medical treatments with radio-pharmaceuticals and on technical information on the production process of the supplier. This might help in understanding the apparent underestimation of the global emission inventory that has been found by atmospheric transport modelling.

  4. Investigation of SP94 Peptide as a Specific Probe for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Imaging and Therapy

    PubMed Central

    Li, Yanli; Hu, Yan; Xiao, Jie; Liu, Guobing; Li, Xiao; Zhao, Yanzhao; Tan, Hui; Shi, Hongcheng; Cheng, Dengfeng

    2016-01-01

    SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPL), a novel peptide, has shown specific binding to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to investigate the capability of SP94 as a targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy following labeling with technetium-99m (99mTc) and rhenium-188 (188Re). HYNIC-SP94 was prepared by solid phase synthesis and then labeled with 99mTc. Cell competitive binding, internalization assay, in vitro and in vivo stability, biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography /computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging studies were performed to investigate the capability of 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 as a specific HCC imaging probe. Initial promising targeting results inspired evaluation of its therapeutic effect when labeled by 188Re. HYNIC-SP94 was then labeled again with 188Re to perform cell apoptosis, microSPECT/CT imaging evaluation and immunohistochemistry. Huh-7 cells exhibited typical apoptotic changes after 188Re irradiation. According to 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 microSPECT/CT imaging, tumor uptake was significantly decreased compared with that of pre-treatment with 188Re-HYNIC-SP94. The immunohistochemistry also displayed obvious necrosis and apoptosis as well as inhibition of proliferation in the 188Re-HYNIC-SP94 treatment group. The results supported that 99mTc tricine-EDDA/HYNIC-SP94 is able to target HCC cells and 188Re-HYNIC- SP94 holds potential as a therapeutic agent for HCC, making 99mTc/188Re-HYNIC-SP94 a promising targeting probe for HCC imaging and therapy. PMID:27649935

  5. Kit for providing a technetium medical radioimaging agent

    DOEpatents

    Wildung, Raymond E.; Garland, Thomas R.; Li, Shu-Mei W.

    2000-01-01

    The present invention is directed toward a kit for microbial reduction of a technetium compound to form other compounds of value in medical imaging. The technetium compound is combined in a mixture with non-growing microbial cells which contain a technetium-reducing enzyme system, a stabilizing agent and an electron donor in a saline solution under anaerobic conditions. The mixture is substantially free of an inorganic technetium reducing agent and its reduction products. The resulting product is Tc of lower oxidation states, the form of which can be partially controlled by the stabilizing agent. It has been discovered that the microorganisms Shewanella alga, strain Bry and Shewanella putrifacians, strain CN-32 contain the necessary enzyme systems for technetium reduction and can form both mono nuclear and polynuclear reduced Tc species depending on the stabilizing agent.

  6. 99mTc-CXCL8 SPECT to Monitor Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

    PubMed

    Aarntzen, Erik H J G; Hermsen, Rick; Drenth, Joost P H; Boerman, Otto C; Oyen, Wim J G

    2016-03-01

    Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are defined as chronic relapsing immune-mediated disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD exacerbations are characterized by recruitment of mainly CXCL8 receptor-expressing activated neutrophils into the intestinal wall, leading to severe damage. Considering its chronic relapsing character, accurate and timely diagnosis of an exacerbation is pivotal for early adaptation of the treatment and reduction of the disease burden. However, endoscopic evaluation is invasive and associated with an increased risk of perforation. We previously developed a (99m)Tc-labeled CXCL8 preparation in preclinical models including colitis and clinical studies. In this study, we investigate the accuracy of (99m)Tc-CXCL8 SPECT to detect and localize disease activity in a prospective series of patients with IBD. Thirty patients (15 Crohns disease, 15 ulcerative colitis) participated, and 92 segmental pairs of histology and (99m)Tc-CXCL8 scans were studied. Imaging was performed after injection of 400 MBq of (99m)Tc-CXCL8. Planar and SPECT images of the abdomen were acquired at 30 min and 4 h after the injection. The overall sensitivity and specificity on a per-patient basis for the detection of active disease were 95% and 44% for (99m)Tc-CXCL8 scan and 71% and 70% for endoscopy. The degree of (99m)Tc-CXCL8 accumulation correlated to the degree of neutrophilic influx in affected mucosa. Sensitivity and specificity on a per-segment basis, calculated from the 92 segmental pairs, were 82% and 72%, negative predictive value was 81%, and overall positive predictive value was 74%. Specificity could be increased at the expense of sensitivity using different cutoffs. In 74 segmental pairs, overall sensitivity and specificity for endoscopy were 74% and 85%, positive predictive value was 81%, and negative predictive value was 79%. (99m)Tc-CXCL8 SPECT provides a novel imaging technique to target neutrophil recruitment to the intestinal wall, especially in moderate

  7. Altered [99mTc]Tc-MDP biodistribution from neutron activation sourced 99Mo.

    PubMed

    Demeter, Sandor; Szweda, Roman; Patterson, Judy; Grigoryan, Marine

    2018-01-01

    Given potential worldwide shortages of fission sourced 99 Mo/ 99m Tc medical isotopes there is increasing interest in alternate production strategies. A neutron activated 99 Mo source was utilized in a single center phase III open label study comparing 99m Tc, as 99m Tc Methylene Diphosphonate ([ 99m Tc]Tc-MDP), obtained from solvent generator separation of neutron activation produced 99 Mo, versus nuclear reactor produced 99 Mo (e.g., fission sourced) in oncology patients for which an [ 99m Tc]Tc-MDP bone scan would normally have been indicated. Despite the investigational [ 99m Tc]Tc-MDP passing all standard, and above standard of care, quality assurance tests, which would normally be sufficient to allow human administration, there was altered biodistribution which could lead to erroneous clinical interpretation. The cause of the altered biodistribution remains unknown and requires further research.

  8. Added value of semi-quantitative breast-specific gamma imaging in the work-up of suspicious breast lesions compared to mammography, ultrasound and 3-T MRI

    PubMed Central

    Seymer, A; Keinrath, P; Holzmannhofer, J; Pirich, C; Hergan, K; Meissnitzer, M W

    2015-01-01

    Objective: To prospectively analyse the diagnostic value of semi-quantitative breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) in the work-up of suspicious breast lesions compared with that of mammography (MG), breast ultrasound and MRI of the breast. Methods: Within a 15-month period, 67 patients with 92 breast lesions rated as Category IV or V according to the breast imaging reporting and data system detected with MG and/or ultrasound were included into the study. After the injection of 740–1110 MBq of Technetium-99m (99mTc) SestaMIBI intravenously, scintigrams were obtained in two projections comparable to MG. The BSGI was analysed visually and semi-quantitatively by calculating a relative uptake factor (X). With the exception of two patients with cardiac pacemakers, all patients underwent 3-T breast MRI. Biopsy results were obtained as the reference standard in all patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive- and negative-predictive values, accuracy and area under the curve were calculated for each modality. Results: Among the 92 lesions, 67 (72.8%) were malignant. 60 of the 67 cancers of any size were detected by BSGI with an overall sensitivity of 90%, only exceeded by ultrasound with a sensitivity of 99%. The sensitivity of BSGI for lesions <1 cm declined significantly to 60%. Overall specificity of ultrasound was only 20%. Specificity, accuracy and positive-predictive value were the highest for BSGI (56%, 80% and 85%, respectively). X was significantly higher for malignant lesions (mean, 4.27) and differed significantly between ductal types (mean, 4.53) and the other histopathological entities (mean, 3.12). Conclusion: Semi-quantitative BSGI with calculation of the relative uptake factor (X) can help to characterize breast lesions. BSGI negativity may obviate the need for biopsy of breast lesions >1 cm with low or intermediate prevalence for malignancy. Advances in knowledge: Compared with morphological imaging modalities, specificity, positive

  9. Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography and 99mTc-Sestamibi Scintigraphy for Parathyroid Adenoma in Primary Hyperparathyroidism; Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

    PubMed

    Nafisi Moghadam, Reza; Amlelshahbaz, Amir Pasha; Namiranian, Nasim; Sobhan-Ardekani, Mohammad; Emami-Meybodi, Mahmood; Dehghan, Ali; Rahmanian, Masoud; Razavi-Ratki, Seid Kazem

    2017-12-28

    Objective: Ultrasonography (US) and parathyroid scintigraphy (PS) with 99mTc-MIBI are common methods for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas but there discrepancies exist with regard to diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the study was to compare PS and US for localization of parathyroid adenoma with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Methods: Pub Med, Scopus (EMbase), Web of Science and the reference lists of all included studies were searched up to 1st January 2016. The search strategy was according PICO characteristics. Heterogeneity between the studies was accounted by P < 0.1. Point estimates were pooled estimate of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of SPECT and ultrasonography with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) by pooling available data. Data analysis was performed using Meta-DiSc software (version 1.4). Results: Among 188 studies and after deletion of duplicated studies (75), a total of 113 titles and abstracts were studied. From these, 12 studies were selected. The meta-analysis determined a pooled sensitivity for scintigraphy of 83% [99% confidence interval (CI) 96.358 -97.412] and for ultra-sonography of 80% [99% confidence interval (CI) 76-83]. Similar results for specificity were also obtained for both approache. Conclusion: According this meta- analysis, there were no significant differences between the two methods in terms of sensitivity and specificity. There were overlaps in 99% confidence intervals. Also features of the two methods are similar. Creative Commons Attribution License

  10. [Improvement in nuclear medicine diagnosis of kidney function using 99m technetium mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)].

    PubMed

    Erpenbach, K; Ebert, A; Wieler, H

    1991-03-01

    Renal scintigraphy and clearance measurement are indispensable in nephro-urologic disorders. A continuous series of 103 sequential scintigraphies and clearance measurements were performed with the new technetium-labelled agent MAG3 (Gamma-kamera, Phillips Tomo Diagnost) and 131I-orthohippuric acid (OIH) using the Oberhausen method (Nucleopan, Siemens). The time-activity curves obtained with the two radionuclides agreed exactly. Reaching a tubular excretion rate of nearly 90%, the clearance of MAG3 differed by no more than 6% from the OIH clearance in 95% of the cases. The factor between clearances of the two radionuclides was determined by means of a commercially available software according to the Oberhausen method and amounted to 0.59 +/- 0.09. The favorable physical properties and high activity of MAG3 permit exact examination of tubular function and better assessment of renal morphology than hippuran-labelled radionuclides. The low radiation dose combined with a better spatial resolution, especially, the constant availability in a nuclear medicine department should give the preference to MAG3.

  11. [Assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function with 99mTc-PPN 1011].

    PubMed

    Kumita, S; Mizumura, S; Oishi, T; Kumazaki, T; Sano, J; Yamazaki, Y; Munakata, K

    1993-04-01

    First-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA) was performed with the new myocardial perfusion agent 99mTc-1,2,bis[bis(2-ethoxyethyl)phosphino] ethane (99mTc-PPN 1011) on stress and at rest. One hour after that, myocardial perfusion was counted by 99mTc-PPN 1011 SPECT. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) obtained by FPRNA correlated with that by multigated image with 99mTc-HSAD (r = 0.94, n = 11). The reduction of left ventricular function under the exercise (delta LVEF) and the increase of severity score (delta Severity score) have a good relation (r = 0.88) in 7 patients with prior myocardial infarction. Thus 99mTc-PPN 1011 appears to be an ideal radiopharmaceutical for evaluation of ventricular function and myocardial perfusion.

  12. 99mTechnetium and methylene blue guided pulmonary nodules resections: preliminary British experience.

    PubMed

    Nardini, Marco; Bilancia, Rocco; Paul, Ian; Jayakumar, Shruti; Papoulidis, Pavlos; ElSaegh, Mohamed; Hartley, Richard; Richardson, Mark; Misra, Pankash; Migliore, Marcello; Dunning, Joel

    2018-02-01

    Subcentimetre pulmonary nodules can be challenging to locate either during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or by open techniques. In an era of increasing computed tomography scan availability the number of nodules that are identified that are suspicious for malignancy is rising, and thoracic surgeons require a reliable method to locate these nodules intraoperatively. Our aim was to evaluate, for the first time in the UK, resection of pulmonary nodules using radioactive dye labelling. Local research ethics approval was obtained and the study was submitted to the Integrated Research Application System (IRAS). All data were prospectively collected in our dedicated thoracic surgical database and analyzed at the conclusion of the study. This represents a consecutive series of patients, from January 2016 and until April 2017, who underwent this procedure at our institution: James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. The primary outcome measured was successful resection rate of the target nodules. Twenty-three patients underwent radiolabeled excision of pulmonary nodules, their average age was 61 years (range, 28-79 years), 13 women and 10 men. The average maximum diameter of the nodule was 8 mm (range, 3-16 mm). All patients underwent successful excision of the target lesion (success rate 100%). One patient (4.3%) sustained pneumothorax following the CT-guided injection of the radio-labelled dye and this required chest drainage prior to general anesthesia. We conclude that technetium guided pulmonary nodule resection is a very reliable method for localization and resection of subcentimetre nodules which may be otherwise be difficult to identify.

  13. 99mTechnetium and methylene blue guided pulmonary nodules resections: preliminary British experience

    PubMed Central

    Bilancia, Rocco; Paul, Ian; Jayakumar, Shruti; Papoulidis, Pavlos; ElSaegh, Mohamed; Hartley, Richard; Richardson, Mark; Misra, Pankash; Migliore, Marcello; Dunning, Joel

    2018-01-01

    Background Subcentimetre pulmonary nodules can be challenging to locate either during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or by open techniques. In an era of increasing computed tomography scan availability the number of nodules that are identified that are suspicious for malignancy is rising, and thoracic surgeons require a reliable method to locate these nodules intraoperatively. Methods Our aim was to evaluate, for the first time in the UK, resection of pulmonary nodules using radioactive dye labelling. Local research ethics approval was obtained and the study was submitted to the Integrated Research Application System (IRAS). All data were prospectively collected in our dedicated thoracic surgical database and analyzed at the conclusion of the study. This represents a consecutive series of patients, from January 2016 and until April 2017, who underwent this procedure at our institution: James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom. The primary outcome measured was successful resection rate of the target nodules. Results Twenty-three patients underwent radiolabeled excision of pulmonary nodules, their average age was 61 years (range, 28–79 years), 13 women and 10 men. The average maximum diameter of the nodule was 8 mm (range, 3–16 mm). All patients underwent successful excision of the target lesion (success rate 100%). One patient (4.3%) sustained pneumothorax following the CT-guided injection of the radio-labelled dye and this required chest drainage prior to general anesthesia. Conclusions We conclude that technetium guided pulmonary nodule resection is a very reliable method for localization and resection of subcentimetre nodules which may be otherwise be difficult to identify. PMID:29607175

  14. Bone scintigraphy of the aged patient. 1. /sup 99m/Tc-polyphosphate bone scintigraphy (in Japanese)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yamamoto, M.; Chiba, K.; Tanno, M.

    Application and evaluation of a new bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticai, / sup 99m/Tc-polyphosphate are reported. Analysis of the image by digital color display data analyzer (Phosdac) was performed. The subjects of the study were cases at Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital ranging from 63 to 85 years old with several kinds of bone diseases. Polyphosphate kits (Diagnostic Isotopes, Inc.) were used to prepare /sup 99m/Tc, and a Rho/gamma HP gamma-camera was used for scintigraphy. The images obtained were analyzed by Phosdac to obtain clear image of the bone system. In the final preparation, presence of approximately 30% of free /sup 99m/Tc was noticedmore » by paper chromatography. /sup 99m/Tc- polyphosphate was cleared from the blood with a half time of about 60 min. Urinary excretion proved to be 40 to 60% within 24 hrs. The bone system was visualized rather clearly with high accumulation of the label in the diseased region in spite of the fact that geriatric cases had marked general osteoporotic tendencies. In some cases, ribs were clearly visualized, and different information from that of x-ray was obtained by scanning images. Data processing by Phosdac increased diagnostic accuracy by enhancing the difference of the density of the image as well as eliminating the background caused by free /sup 99m/TcO/sub 4/. In conclusion, /sup 99m/Tc-polyphosphate was proved to be useful for bone scanning in geriatric cases. A digital color display data analyzer was successfully applied for the processing of the original data. (auth)« less

  15. Evaluation of polyethylene glycol coated liposomes labeled with Tc-99m as a blood pool agent

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Phillips, W.T.; Klipper, R.; Goins, B.

    1994-05-01

    This investigation evaluated Tc-99m liposomes coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a blood pool agent in comparison with Tc-99m liposomes carrying no surface charge (Neutral) and with Tc-99m autologous red cells. Liposomes (135 nm diameter) encapsulating glutathione were labeled with Tc-99m using the lipophilic chelator, HMPAO as previously described. Autologous red cells were labeled using an Ultratag kit. Labeling efficiencies averaged 66%, 52%, and 97% for the PEG liposomes. Neutral liposomes, and red cells, respectively. Rabbits (3-3.5 Kg) were injected IV via ear vein with 2.0 mls of PEG liposomes (2 mCi, 17 mg phospholipid/Kg body weight, n=5). Neutral liposomesmore » (1.3 mCi, 17 mg phospholipid/Kg body weight, n=4), or red cells (2.6 mCi, n=2). Gamma camera images were acquired at 5,22, and 45 minutes, and 2,20,and 44 hours post-injection. Blood samples were obtained at each time point to determine clearance kinetics. Circulation half lives of both Tc-99m liposome formulations were longer than Tc-99m red cells (8 hrs), with the half life of PEG liposomes (35 hrs) 1.6 times longer than Neutral liposomes (22 hrs). In vivo stability of the Tc-99m label was excellent for the liposomes with only 3.5-4% bladder activity at 45 minutes compared to 12% bladder activity for the red cells. Excellent blood pool images were obtained for the PEG liposomes in the rabbit. Heart/liver ratios calculated from region of interest analysis of 45 minutes images were 1.9, 1.5, and 1.7 for PEG liposomes, Neutral liposomes and red cells. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Tc-99m PEG liposomes to perform gated cardiac blood pool and rapid gastrointestinal bleeding studies.« less

  16. Design and characterization of α-melanotropin peptide analogs cyclized through rhenium and technetium metal coordination

    PubMed Central

    Giblin, Michael F.; Wang, Nannan; Hoffman, Timothy J.; Jurisson, Silvia S.; Quinn, Thomas P.

    1998-01-01

    α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogs, cyclized through site-specific rhenium (Re) and technetium (Tc) metal coordination, were structurally characterized and analyzed for their abilities to bind α-MSH receptors present on melanoma cells and in tumor-bearing mice. Results from receptor-binding assays conducted with B16 F1 murine melanoma cells indicated that receptor-binding affinity was reduced to approximately 1% of its original levels after Re incorporation into the cyclic Cys4,10, d-Phe7–α-MSH4-13 analog. Structural analysis of the Re–peptide complex showed that the disulfide bond of the original peptide was replaced by thiolate–metal–thiolate cyclization. A comparison of the metal-bound and metal-free structures indicated that metal complexation dramatically altered the structure of the receptor-binding core sequence. Redesign of the metal binding site resulted in a second-generation Re–peptide complex (ReCCMSH) that displayed a receptor-binding affinity of 2.9 nM, 25-fold higher than the initial Re–α-MSH analog. Characterization of the second-generation Re–peptide complex indicated that the peptide was still cyclized through Re coordination, but the structure of the receptor-binding sequence was no longer constrained. The corresponding 99mTc- and 188ReCCMSH complexes were synthesized and shown to be stable in phosphate-buffered saline and to challenges from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and free cysteine. In vivo, the 99mTcCCMSH complex exhibited significant tumor uptake and retention and was effective in imaging melanoma in a murine-tumor model system. Cyclization of α-MSH analogs via 99mTc and 188Re yields chemically stable and biologically active molecules with potential melanoma-imaging and therapeutic properties. PMID:9788997

  17. Tricine co-ligand improved the efficacy of 99mTc-HYNIC-(Ser)3-J18 peptide for targeting and imaging of non-small-cell lung cancer.

    PubMed

    Shaghaghi, Zahra; Abedi, Seyed Mohammad; Hosseinimehr, Seyed Jalal

    2018-05-15

    The early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is important for increasing survival rate and improving quality life of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate 99m  Tc-(tricine)-HYNIC-(Ser) 3 -J18 for targeting and imaging of NSCLC in A-549 xenografted nude mice. The (Ser) 3 -J18 peptide was conjugated with HYNIC and labeled with 99m  Tc using tricine as a co-ligand. The radiolabeled peptide was evaluated for its radiochemical purity, stability, receptor binding and internalization in vitro. The future experiments were performed for tumor targeting and imaging in A-549 tumor-bearing mice. 99m  Tc-(tricine)-HYNIC-(Ser) 3 -J18 was obtained at high labeling efficiency at room temperature and favorable stability in saline and human plasma. At the cellular level, the radiolabeled peptide specifically bond to A-549 cells with a K D 4.1 ± 1.3 nM. Biodistribution study revealed tumor to blood and tumor to muscle ratios were about 3.12 and 5.63 respectively after 2 h injection of radiolabeled peptide. These ratios were significantly decreased by co-injection of excess non-labeled peptide in mice. This radiolabeled peptide selectively targeted to NSCLC tumor and exhibited a high target uptake combined with acceptable low background activity for tumor imaging in mice. The results of this study and its comparison with another study showed that 99m  Tc-(tricine)-HYNIC-(Ser) 3 -J18 is better than previously reported radiolabeled peptide as 99m  Tc-(EDDA/tricine)-HYNIC-(Ser) 3 -J18 for NSCLC targeting and imaging. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

  18. Characterization of TCP-1 probes for molecular imaging of colon cancer.

    PubMed

    Liu, Zhonglin; Gray, Brian D; Barber, Christy; Bernas, Michael; Cai, Minying; Furenlid, Lars R; Rouse, Andrew; Patel, Charmi; Banerjee, Bhaskar; Liang, Rongguang; Gmitro, Arthur F; Witte, Marlys H; Pak, Koon Y; Woolfenden, James M

    2016-10-10

    Molecular probes capable of detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) are needed for early CRC diagnosis. The objective of this study was to characterize c[CTPSPFSHC]OH (TCP-1), a small peptide derived from phage display selection, for targeting human CRC xenografts using technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-labeled TCP-1 and fluorescent cyanine-7 (Cy7)-labeled form of the peptide (Cy7-TCP-1). (99m)Tc-TCP-1 was generated by modifying TCP-1 with succinimidyl-6-hydrazino-nicotinamide (S-HYNIC) followed by radiolabeling. In vitro saturation binding experiments were performed for (99m)Tc-TCP-1 in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. SCID mice with human HCT116 cancer xenografts were imaged with (99m)Tc-TCP-1 or control peptide using a small-animal SPECT imager: Group I (n=5) received no blockade; Group II (n=5) received a blocking dose of non-radiolabeled TCP-1. Group III (n=5) were imaged with (99m)Tc-labeled control peptide (inactive peptide). SCID mice with human PC3 prostate cancer xenografts (Group IV, n=5) were also imaged with (99m)Tc-TCP-1. Eight additional SCID mice bearing HCT116 xenografts in dorsal skinfold window chambers (DSWC) were imaged by direct positron imaging of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) and fluorescence microscopy of Cy7-TCP-1. In vitro(99m)Tc-HYNIC-TCP-1 binding assays on HCT 116 cells indicated a mean Kd of 3.04±0.52nM. In cancer xenografts, (99m)Tc-TCP-1 radioactivity (%ID/g) was 1.01±0.15 in the absence of blockade and was reduced to 0.26±0.04 (P<0.01) with blockade. No radioactive uptake was observed in the PC3 tumors with (99m)Tc-TCP-1 or HCT116 tumors with inactive peptide. Cy7-TCP-1 activity localized not only in metabolically active tumors, as defined by (18)F-FDG imaging, but also in peritumoral microvasculature. In conclusion, TCP-1 probes may have a distinct targeting mechanism with high selectivity for CRC and tumor-associated vasculature. Molecular imaging with TCP-1 probes appears promising to detect malignant colorectal lesions. Copyright

  19. A Pilot Comparison of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, Ultrasonography and 123I/99mTc-sestaMIBI Dual-Phase Dual-Isotope Scintigraphy in the Preoperative Localization of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands in Primary or Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

    PubMed Central

    Michaud, Laure; Balogova, Sona; Burgess, Alice; Ohnona, Jessica; Huchet, Virginie; Kerrou, Khaldoun; Lefèvre, Marine; Tassart, Marc; Montravers, Françoise; Périé, Sophie; Talbot, Jean-Noël

    2015-01-01

    Abstract We compared 18F-fluorocholine hybrid positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) with ultrasonography (US) and scintigraphy in patients with hyperparathyroidism and discordant, or equivocal results of US and 123I/99mTc-sesta-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (sestaMIBI) dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy. FCH-PET/CT was performed in 17 patients with primary (n = 11) lithium induced (n = 1) or secondary hyperparathyroidism (1 dialyzed, 4 renal-transplanted). The reference standard was based on results of surgical exploration and histopathological examination. The results of imaging modalities were evaluated, on site and by masked reading, on per-patient and per-lesion bases. In a first approach, equivocal images/foci were considered as negative. On a per-patient level, the sensitivity was for US 38%, for scintigraphy 69% by open and 94% by masked reading, and for FCH-PET/CT 88% by open and 94% by masked reading. On a per-lesion level, sensitivity was for US 42%, for scintigraphy 58% by open and 83% by masked reading, and for FCH-PET/CT 88% by open and 96% by masked reading. One ectopic adenoma was missed by the 3 imaging modalities. Considering equivocal images/foci as positive increased the accuracy of the open reading of scintigraphy or of FCH-PET/CT, but not of US. FCH-PET/CT was significantly superior to US in all approaches, whereas it was more sensitive than scintigraphy only for open reading considering equivocal images/foci as negative (P = 0.04). FCH uptake was more intense in adenomas than in hyperplastic parathyroid glands. Thyroid lesions were suspected in 9 patients. They may induce false-positive results as in one case of oncocytic thyroid adenoma, or false-negative results as in one case of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma. Thyroid cancer (4 cases) can be visualized with FCH as with 99mTc-sestaMIBI, but the intensity of uptake was moderate, similar to that of parathyroid hyperplasia. This pilot study confirmed

  20. /sup 99m/Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone imaging in the evaluation of total hip prostheses

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Weiss, P.E.; Mall, J.C.; Hoffer, P.B.

    1979-12-01

    A retrospective study was performed to determine the accuracy of /sup 99m/Tc-methylene diphosphonate bone imaging in the evaluation of total hip arthroplasty for loosening and/or infection. Using focally increased activity at the tip of the femoral component or in the region of the acetabular component as a criterion, the examination was 77% specific and 100% sensitive for loosening and/or infection. A possible explanation for the increased uptake at the tip of the femoral component and the role of this examination in the management of a painful total hip prosthesis are discussed.

  1. [99mTc] HYNIC-hEGF, a potential agent for imaging of EGF receptors in vivo: preparation and pre-clinical evaluation.

    PubMed

    Babaei, Mohammad Hossein; Almqvist, Ylva; Orlova, Anna; Shafii, Mohammad; Kairemo, Kalevi; Tolmachev, Vladimir

    2005-06-01

    Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) has prognostic and predictive value in many kinds of tumors. Imaging of expression of EGFR in vivo may give valuable diagnostic information. The epidermal growth factor (EGF), a natural ligand, is a possible candidate for the targeting of EGFR. The present study describes a method for preparation of (99m)Tc-EGF via the hydrazinopyridine-3-carboxylic acid (HYNIC) conjugation using tricine and ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (EDDA) as co-ligands. Both conjugates bound EGFR expressing cells with nanomolar affinity, and demonstrated good intracellular retention. The complex with EDDA demonstrated much higher stability in blood serum and during cysteine challenge. Biodistribution of (99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-EGF in normal mice demonstrated fast blood clearance of conjugate, and its ability to bind EGFR in vivo. (99m)Tc-EDDA-HYNIC-EGF is a promising candidate for visualization of EGFR expression in vivo.

  2. Copper crystal lens for medical imaging: first results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roa, Dante E.; Smither, Robert K.

    2001-06-01

    A copper crystal lens designed to focus gamma ray energies of 100 to 200 keV has been assembled at Argonne National Laboratory. In particular, the lens has been optimized to focus the 140.6 keV gamma rays from technetium-99 m typically used in radioactive tracers. This new approach to medical imaging relies on crystal diffraction to focus incoming gamma rays in a manner similar to a simple convex lens focusing visible light. The lens is envisioned to be part of an array of lenses that can be used as a complementary technique to gamma cameras for localized scans of suspected tumor regions in the body. In addition, a 2- lens array can be used to scan a woman's breast in search of tumors with no discomfort to the patient. The incoming gamma rays are diffracted by a set of 828 copper crystal cubes arranged in 13 concentric rings, which focus the gamma rays into a very small area on a well-shielded NaI detector. Experiments performance with technetium-99 m and cobalt 57 radioactive sources indicate that a 6-lens array should be capable of detecting sources with (mu) Ci strength.

  3. [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)]-radiolabeled bevacizumab: in vitro and in vivo evaluation in a melanoma model.

    PubMed

    Camacho, Ximena; García, María Fernanda; Calzada, Victoria; Fernández, Marcelo; Chabalgoity, Jose A; Moreno, Maria; Barbosa de Aguiar, Rodrigo; Alonso, Omar; Gambini, Juan Pablo; Chammas, Roger; Cabral, Pablo

    2013-01-01

    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the classic factors to tumor-induced angiogenesis in several tumor types, including melanoma. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, could be used as an imaging tool in preclinical studies. To radiolabel bevacizumab with [(99m)Tc(CO)3(OH2)3](+) and evaluate it in vivo and in vitro for melanoma imaging properties. Bevacizumab was radiolabeled with [(99m)Tc(CO)3(OH2)3](+) ion in saline. The radiochemical stability of the labeled antibody was assessed. The biodistribution and scintigraphy imaging of the radiolabeled antibody were evaluated in normal C57BL/6J mice and in C57BL/6J mice bearing murine B16F1 melanoma tumors. Immunoreactivity of bevacizumab to murine tumors was determined from direct immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. We demonstrate that (99m)Tc(CO)3-bevacizumab was stable. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed that tumor uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)3-bevacizumab was 2.64 and 2.51 %ID/g at 4 and 24 h postinjection. Scintigraphy image studies showed tumor selective uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)3-bevacizumab in the tumor-bearing mice. This affinity was confirmed by immunoassays performed on B16F10 tumor samples. (99m)Tc(CO)3-bevacizumab could be used as an approach for tumor nuclear imaging in preclinical studies. This should be useful to provide insights into the angiogenic stimulus before and after chemotherapy, which might help improve current antitumor therapy. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  4. Monitoring therapeutic response of human ovarian cancer to trastuzumab by SPECT imaging with (99m)Tc-peptide-Z(HER2:342).

    PubMed

    Zhang, Jingmian; Zhao, Xinming; Wang, Shijie; Wang, Na; Han, Jingya; Jia, Lizhuo; Ren, Xiuchun

    2015-06-01

    Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cancer are candidates for treatment with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab. How to systemically assess tumor HER2 expression and identifying appropriate use of anti-HER2 therapies by noninvasive imaging in vivo is an urgent issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate SPECT imaging of (99m)Tc-Gly-(D)Ala-Gly-Gly-Z(HER2:342) ((99m)Tc-peptide-Z(HER2:342)) for monitoring therapeutic response to trastuzumab in nude mice bearing HER2-positive SKOV-3 xenografts. Nude mice bearing HER2-positive SKOV-3 xenografts were treated with trastuzumab (treatment group) or saline (control) with ten mice in each group. Mice in trastuzumab-treated group were given trastuzumab intraperiotoneally 4 mg/kg on day 1 and 2 mg/kg on day 8; Mice in control group were given physiological saline on day 1 and 8. Mice body weights and tumour volume were monitored every three days during treatment. In vivo SPECT imaging was performed in mice of the two groups using (99m)Tc-peptide-Z(HER2:342) before treatment, on day 8 and 15 after treatment. Radiolabeled probe uptake in tumours was measured as the ratio of radioactive counts in the tumour to that in the contralateral equivalent region (T/NT). After SPECT imaging on day 15, all the mice were euthanized, biodistribution studies of the SKOV-3 xenografts were carried out to validate the imaging results and HER2 expression of the transplanted tumours was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation analysis was performed between T/NT ratios acquired by in vivo SPECT imaging on day 15 and the HER2 level of tumours. In vitro cell binding capacity of (99m)Tc-Z(HER2:342) with SKOV-3 cells in the absence and presence of varying amount of trastuzumab were also conducted in the study. Twenty mice body weight in the two groups gradually increased during treatment, but there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Though volumes of SKOV-3 xenografts gradually increased in each

  5. [Simplicity or complexity of the radiopharmaceutical production process in the light of optimization of radiation protection of staff - 99mTc vs. 18F].

    PubMed

    Wrzesień, Małgorzata

    2018-05-22

    A radiopharmaceutical is a combination of a non-radioactive compound with a radioactive isotope. Two isotopes: technetium-99m (99mTc) and fluorine-18 (18F) are worth mentioning on the rich list of isotopes which have found numerous medical applications. Their similarity is limited only to the diagnostic area of applicability. The type and the energy of emitted radiation, the half-life and, in particular, the production method demonstrate their diversity. The 99mTc isotope is produced by a short-lived nuclide generator - molybdenum-99 (99Mo)/99mTc, while 18F is resulting from nuclear reaction occurring in a cyclotron. A relatively simple and easy handling of the 99Mo/99mTc generator, compared to the necessary use a cyclotron, seems to favor the principle of optimizing the radiological protection of personnel. The thesis on the effect of automation of both the 18F isotope production and the deoxyglucose labelling process on the optimization of radiological protection of workers compared to manual procedures during handling of radiopharmaceuticals labelled with 99Tc need to be verified. Measurements of personal dose equivalent Hp(0.07) were made in 5 nuclear medicine departments and 2 radiopharmaceuticals production centers. High-sensitivity thermoluminescent detectors (LiF: Mg, Cu, P - MCP-N) were used to determine the doses. Among the activities performed by employees of both 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) production centers and nuclear medicine departments, the manual quality control procedures and labelling of radiopharmaceuticals with 99mTc isotope manifest the greatest contribution to the recorded Hp(0.07). The simplicity of obtaining the 99mTc isotope as well as the complex, but fully automated production process of the 18F-FDG radiopharmaceutical optimize the radiation protection of workers, excluding manual procedures labelling with 99mTc or quality control of 18F-FDG. Med Pr 2018;69(3):317–327. This work is available in Open Access model and licensed

  6. Radiolabelling of glycosylated MFE-23::CPG2 fusion protein (MFECP1) with 99mTc for quantitation of tumour antibody-enzyme localisation in antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (ADEPT).

    PubMed

    Francis, R J; Mather, S J; Chester, K; Sharma, S K; Bhatia, J; Pedley, R B; Waibel, R; Green, A J; Begent, R H J

    2004-08-01

    MFECP1 is a glycosylated recombinant fusion protein composed of MFE-23, a high-affinity anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) single chain Fv (scFv), fused to the enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), and has been constructed for use in antibody-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy (ADEPT). Radiolabelling of glycosylated MFECP1 with technetium-99m was developed for the purpose of determining tumour localisation of MFECP1 in a phase I ADEPT clinical study. The method used was 99mTc-carbonyl [99mTc(H2O)3(CO)3]+ (abbreviated to TcCO) mediated labelling of 99mTc to the hexahistidine (His) tag of MFECP1. MFECP1 fusion protein was labelled with TcCO under a variety of conditions, and this was shown to be a relatively simple and robust method. Tissue biodistribution was assessed in a CEA-expressing LS174T (human colon carcinoma) nude mouse xenograft model. Tissues were taken at 1, 4 and 6 h for assessment of distribution of radioactivity and for measurement of CPG2 enzyme levels. The amount of radioactivity retained by the tumour proved to be an accurate estimation of actual measured enzyme activity, indicating that this radiolabelling method does not appear to damage the antibody-antigen binding or the enzyme activity of MFECP1. However, correlation between CPG2 enzyme activity and measured radioactivity in liver, spleen and kidney was poor, indicating retention of radioactivity in non-tumour sites but loss of enzyme activity. The high retention of technetium radioisotope in normal tissues may limit the clinical applicability of this radiolabelling method for MFECP1; however, these results suggest that this technique does have applicability for measuring the biodistribution of His-tagged recombinant proteins.

  7. Preparation of Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin from recombinant human albumin for lung perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Hunt, A P; Frier, M; Johnson, R A; Berezenko, S; Perkins, A C

    2006-01-01

    Human serum albumin (HSA) extracted from pooled blood taken from human donors is used in the production of (99m)Tc-labelled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) for lung perfusion imaging. However, concerns for the safety of blood-derived products due to potential contamination by infective agents (e.g. new variant CJD), make alternative production methods necessary. Recombinant DNA technology is a promising method of albumin production avoiding problems associated with human-derived HSA. This paper presents results comparing MAA prepared from recombinant human albumin (rHA, Recombumin) (rMAA) with in-house produced HSA MAA (hMAA) and commercially available MAA (cMAA). (99m)Tc-MAA was prepared using previously published production methods by heating a mixture of albumin and stannous chloride in acetate buffer (pH 5.4) at 70 degrees C for 20 min. Parameters investigated include aggregate size, radiolabelling efficiency, radiochemical and aggregate stability at 4 degrees C and in vitro (in whole human blood) at 37 degrees C and biodistribution studies. Results showed that rMAA could be produced with similar morphology, labelling efficiency and stability to hMAA and cMAA. Our findings confirm that rHA shows significant potential as a direct replacement for HSA in commercially available MAA.

  8. Improved Quantification of the Beta Cell Mass after Pancreas Visualization with 99mTc-demobesin-4 and Beta Cell Imaging with 111In-exendin-3 in Rodents.

    PubMed

    van der Kroon, Inge; Joosten, Lieke; Nock, Berthold A; Maina, Theodosia; Boerman, Otto C; Brom, Maarten; Gotthardt, Martin

    2016-10-03

    Accurate assessment of the 111 In-exendin-3 uptake within the pancreas requires exact delineation of the pancreas, which is highly challenging by MRI and CT in rodents. In this study, the pancreatic tracer 99m Tc-demobesin-4 was evaluated for accurate delineation of the pancreas to be able to accurately quantify 111 In-exendin-3 uptake within the pancreas. Healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic Brown Norway rats were injected with the pancreatic tracer 99m Tc-demobesin-4 ([ 99m Tc-N 4 -Pro 1 ,Tyr 4 ,Nle 14 ]bombesin) and the beta cell tracer 111 In-exendin-3 ([ 111 In-DTPA-Lys 40 ]exendin-3). After dual isotope acquisition of SPECT images, 99m Tc-demobesin-4 was used to define a volume of interest for the pancreas in SPECT images subsequently the 111 In-exendin-3 uptake within this region was quantified. Furthermore, biodistribution and autoradiography were performed in order to gain insight in the distribution of both tracers in the animals. 99m Tc-demobesin-4 showed high accumulation in the pancreas. The uptake was highly homogeneous throughout the pancreas, independent of diabetic status, as demonstrated by autoradiography, whereas 111 In-exendin-3 only accumulates in the islets of Langerhans. Quantification of both ex vivo and in vivo SPECT images resulted in an excellent linear correlation between the pancreatic uptake, determined with ex vivo counting and 111 In-exendin-3 uptake, determined from the quantitative analysis of the SPECT images (Pearson r = 0.97, Pearson r = 0.92). 99m Tc-demobesin-4 shows high accumulation in the pancreas of rats. It is a suitable tracer for accurate delineation of the pancreas and can be conveniently used for simultaneous acquisition with 111 In labeled exendin-3. This method provides a straightforward, reliable, and objective method for preclinical beta cell mass (BCM) quantification with 111 In-exendin-3.

  9. Three-dimensional fractal analysis of 99mTc-MAA SPECT images in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension for evaluation of response to balloon pulmonary angioplasty: association with pulmonary arterial pressure.

    PubMed

    Maruoka, Yasuhiro; Nagao, Michinobu; Baba, Shingo; Isoda, Takuro; Kitamura, Yoshiyuki; Yamazaki, Yuzo; Abe, Koichiro; Sasaki, Masayuki; Abe, Kohtaro; Honda, Hiroshi

    2017-06-01

    Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is used for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), but its effect cannot be evaluated noninvasively. We devised a noninvasive quantitative index of response to BPA using three-dimensional fractal analysis (3D-FA) of technetium-99m-macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Forty CTEPH patients who underwent pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) measurement by right heart catheterization before and after BPA were studied. The total uptake volume (TUV) in bilateral lungs was determined from maximum intensity projection Tc-MAA SPECT images. Fractal dimension was assessed by 3D-FA. Parameters were compared before and after BPA, and between patients with post-BPA mPAP more than 30 mmHg and less than or equal to 30 mmHg. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out. BPA significantly improved TUV (595±204-885±214 ml, P<0.001) and reduced the laterality of uptake (238±147-135±131 ml, P<0.001). Patients with poor therapeutic response (post-BPA mPAP≥30 mmHg, n=16) showed a significantly smaller TUV increase (P=0.044) and a significantly greater post-BPA fractal dimension (P<0.001) than the low-mPAP group. Fractal dimension correlated with mPAP values before and after BPA (P=0.013 and 0.001, respectively). A post-BPA fractal dimension threshold of 2.4 distinguished between BPA success and failure with 75% sensitivity, 79% specificity, 78% accuracy, and area under the curve of 0.85. 3D-FA using Tc-MAA SPECT pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy enables a noninvasive evaluation of the response of CTEPH patients to BPA.

  10. The diagnostic value of 99TcM-2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethyl dihydrogen phosphate hypoxia imaging and its evaluation performance for radiotherapy efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

    PubMed

    Yang, Yongkun; Han, Gaohua; Xu, Wansong

    2016-01-01

    This study was designated to assess the diagnostic value of 99 Tc M -2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1 H -imidazol-1-yl) ethyl dihydrogen phosphate ( 99 Tc M -MNLS) hypoxia imaging and its evaluation performance for radiotherapy efficacy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 61 patients with NSCLC were selected for this study. All patients were injected with 99 Tc M -MNLS within 1 week prior to radiotherapy and they were injected with 99 Tc M -MNLS again 3 months after radiotherapy. Qualitative analysis along with semiquantitative analysis results were obtained from hypoxia imaging. Meanwhile, the effect of radiotherapy on patients with NSCLC was evaluated based on the solid tumor curative effect evaluation standard. Finally, SPSS 19.0 statistical software was implemented for statistical analysis. There was no significant difference in age or sex between the NSCLC patient group and benign patient group ( P >0.05). 99 Tc M -MNLS was selectively concentrated in tumor tissues with a clear imaging in 24 hours. Results from both qualitative analysis and semiquantitative analysis indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of 99 Tc M -MNLS hypoxia imaging in diagnosing NSCLC were 93.8% and 84.6% and 72.9% and 100%, respectively. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve provided evidence that 99 Tc M -MNLS hypoxia imaging was a powerful diagnostic tool in distinguishing malignant lung cancer from benign lesions. As suggested by 24-hour imaging, the tumor-to-normal ratio of patients in the 99 Tc M -MNLS high-intake group and low-intake group had a decline of 24.7% and 14.4% after radiotherapy, respectively. The decline in the tumor-to-normal ratio between the two dosage groups was significantly different ( P <0.05). 99 Tc M -MNLS hypoxia imaging had reliable values in both diagnosing NSCLC and evaluating therapeutic effects of radiotherapy on patients with NSCLC.

  11. Improvement of myocardial perfusion in coronary patients after intermittent hypobaric hypoxia.

    PubMed

    del Pilar Valle, Maria; García-Godos, Félix; Woolcott, Orison O; Marticorena, José M; Rodríguez, Víctor; Gutiérrez, Isabel; Fernández-Dávila, Luis; Contreras, Abel; Valdivia, Luis; Robles, Juan; Marticorena, Emilio A

    2006-01-01

    Persons living at high altitude (exposed to hypoxia) have a greater number of coronary and peripheral branches in the heart than persons living at sea level. In this study we investigated the effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary heart disease. We studied 6 male patients (aged>or=53 years) with severe stable coronary heart disease. All patients were born at sea level and lived in that environment. They underwent 14 sessions of exposure to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (equivalent to a simulated altitude of 4200 m). Myocardial perfusion was assessed at baseline and after treatment with hypoxia by use of exercise perfusion imaging with technetium 99m sestamibi. After the sessions of hypoxia, myocardial perfusion was significantly improved. The summed stress score for hypoperfusion, in arbitrary units, decreased from 9.5+ to 4.5+ after treatment (P=.036). There was no evidence of impairment of myocardial perfusion in any patient after treatment. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia improved myocardial perfusion in patients with severe coronary heart disease. Though preliminary, our results suggest that exposure to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia could be an alternative for the management of patients with chronic coronary heart disease.

  12. Mannosylated dextran derivatives labeled with fac-[M(CO)₃]+ (M = (99m)Tc, Re) for specific targeting of sentinel lymph node.

    PubMed

    Morais, Maurício; Subramanian, Suresh; Pandey, Usha; Samuel, Grace; Venkatesh, Meera; Martins, Manuel; Pereira, Sérgio; Correia, João D G; Santos, Isabel

    2011-04-04

    Despite being widely used in the clinical setting for sentinel lymph node detection (SLND), (99m)Tc-based colloids (e.g., (99m)Tc-human serum albumin colloids) present a set of properties that are far from ideal. Aiming to design novel compounds with improved biological properties, we describe herein the first class of fully characterized (99m)Tc(CO)₃-mannosylated dextran derivatives with adequate features for SLND. Dextran derivatives, containing the same number of pendant mannose units (13) and a variable number (n) of tridentate chelators (9, n = 1; 10, n = 4, 11, n= 12), have been synthesized and fully characterized. Radiolabeled polymers of the type fac-[(99m)Tc(CO)₃(k³-L)] (12, L = 9, 13, L = 10, 14, L = 11) have been obtained quantitatively in high radiochemical purity (≥ 98%) upon reaction of the dextran derivatives with fac-[(99m)Tc(CO)₃(H₂O)₃]+. The highly stable compounds 13 and 14 were identified by comparing their HPLC chromatograms with the ones obtained for the corresponding rhenium surrogates fac-[Re(CO)₃(k³-10)] (13a) and fac-[Re(CO)₃(k³-11)] (14a), which have been characterized both at the chemical (NMR and IR spectroscopy, and HPLC) and physical level (DLS, AFM and LDV). Compounds 13a and 14a present a positive zeta potential (+ 7.1 mV, pH 7.4) and a hydrodynamic diameter in the range 8.4-8.7 nm. Scintigraphic imaging and biodistribution studies in Wistar rats have shown good accumulation in the sentinel node at 60 min postinjection (6.71 ± 2.35%, 13; and 7.53 ± 0.69%, 14), with significant retention up to 180 min. A clear delineation of the sentinel lymph node without significant washout to other regions was observed in the scintigraphic images. The popliteal extraction of 94.47 ± 2.45% for 14 at 1 h postinjection, as compared to 61.81 ± 2.4% for 13, indicated that 14 is a very promising compound to be further explored as SLN imaging agent.

  13. Sentinel node detection in cervical cancer with (99m)Tc-phytate.

    PubMed

    Silva, Lucas B; Silva-Filho, Agnaldo L; Traiman, Paulo; Triginelli, Sérgio A; de Lima, Carla Flávia; Siqueira, Cristiano Ferrari; Barroso, Adelanir; Rossi, Telma Maria F F; Pedrosa, Moises Salgado; Miranda, Dairton; Melo, José Renan Cunha

    2005-05-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification using radioisotopic lymphatic mapping with technetium-99 m-labeled phytate in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for treatment of early cervical cancer. Between July 2001 and February 2003, 56 patients with cervical cancer FIGO stage I (n = 53) or stage II (n = 3) underwent sentinel lymph node detection with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy ((99m)Tc-labeled phytate injected into the uterine cervix, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock, at a dose of 55-74 MBq in a volume of 0.8 ml) and intraoperative lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma probe. Radical hysterectomy was aborted in three cases because parametrial invasion was found intraoperatively and we performed only sentinel node resection. The remaining 53 patients underwent radical hysterectomy with complete pelvic lymphadenectomy. Sentinel nodes were detected using a handheld gamma-probe and removed for pathological assessment during the abdominal radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. One or more sentinel nodes were detected in 52 out of 56 eligible patients (92.8%). A total of 120 SLNs were detected by lymphoscintigraphy (mean 2.27 nodes per patient) and intraoperatively by gamma probe. Forty-four percent of SLNs were found in the external iliac area, 39% in the obturator region, 8.3% in interiliac region, and 6.7% in the common iliac area. Unilateral sentinel nodes were found in thirty-one patients (59%). The remaining 21 patients (41%) had bilateral sentinel nodes. Microscopic nodal metastases were confirmed in 17 (32%) cases. In 10 of these patients, only SLNs had metastases. The 98 sentinel nodes that were negative on hematoxylin and eosin were submitted to cytokeratin immunohistochemical analysis. Five (5.1%) micrometastases were identified with this technique. The sensitivity of the sentinel node was 82.3% (CI 95% = 56.6-96.2) and the negative predictive value was 92

  14. Combined technetium radioisotope penile plethysmography and xenon washout: A technique for evaluating corpora cavernosal inflow and outflow during early tumescence

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schwartz, A.N.; Graham, M.M.

    1991-03-01

    Combined technetium radioisotope penile plethysmography and xenon washout is a new technique that measures both corporal arterial inflow and venous sinusoidal outflow during early tumescence in patients with erectile dysfunction. Fourteen patients were studied using 99mTc-RBCs to measure inflow and 133Xe or 127Xe in saline to measure outflow. Tumescence was induced by injecting papaverine intracorporally. Peak corporal rates corrected for inflow (r = 0.88) and uncorrected for outflow (r = 0.91) and change in volume over 2 min centered around peak inflow (r = 0.96) all correlated with angiography. Outflow measurements did not correlate with intracorporal resistance. Thus, outflow ratesmore » alone could not be used to predict venous sinusoidal competence. Normal inflow rate is greater than 20 ml/min; probable normal 12-20; indeterminate inflow 7-12; and abnormal inflow less than 7 ml/min. Technetium-99m radioisotope penile plethysmography and xenon washout can be performed together and both provide a method for simultaneously evaluating the relationship between corporal inflow and outflow rates in patients with erectile dysfunction.« less

  15. ECT imaging with Tc(V)-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid useful to detect lung metastases of osteosarcoma

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ohta, H.; Ishii, M.; Yoshizumi, M.

    1985-01-01

    ECT imaging, using Tc(V)-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc(V)-DMS) was performed in two patients with lung metastasis of osteosarcoma, and the results were compared with those of CT scan. Clear accumulation of Tc(V)-DMS was recognized in all cases in the same area that CT scans demonstrated. Tc(V)-DMS was labeled under optimal pH 8, had very low SnCl/sub 2/ concentrations, an equilibrium between a stable form and a dissociated form of anion TcO/sub 4/(3-) structurally similar to PO/sub 4/(3-), and was postulated for tumor uptake. Considering this proposed mechanism for Tc(V)-DMS uptake by tumor cells, ECT imaging using this tracer could be ofmore » use in the early detection of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma.« less

  16. Technetium-99m(Sn2+)pyrophosphate in ischemic and infarcted dog myocardium in early stages of acute coronary occlusion: histochemical and tissue-counting comparisons

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bianco, J.A.; Kemper, A.J.; Taylor, A.

    1983-06-01

    We have investigated the pattern of accumulation of Tc-99m(Sn2+)pyrophosphate (Tc-99m PPi) in myocardial tissue of dogs during the early stages of acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Three groups were studied after: (a) 40 min occlusion followed by 6 hr reperfusion (n . 6); (b) 6 hr occlusion followed by one hour reperfusion (n . 5); and (c) 7 hr occlusion with no reperfusion (n . 4). Areas of myocardial infarction were defined with triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and blood flow was determined with 9-mu radioactive microspheres. In Group C uptake in infarcted and peri-infarct areas wasmore » not enhanced, most likely owing to low flow. In Group B, with late reperfusion, Tc-99m PPi sequestration was increased in both infarcted and peri-infarcted tissues. In Group A, areas ischemic during occlusion but with normal flow and viability by TTC after 6 hr of reperfusion showed significant uptake of Tc-99m PPi (twice the uptake of nonischemic regions).« less

  17. .sup.100Mo compounds as accelerator targets for production of .sup.99mTc

    DOEpatents

    Richards, Vernal; Lapi, Suzanne

    2016-09-20

    Methods of synthesizing .sup.100Mo.sub.2C and .sup.99mTcO.sub.4.sup.- are disclosed. Methods of .sup.100Mo.sub.2C generation involve thermally carburizing .sup.100MoO.sub.3. Methods of .sup.99mTcO.sub.4 generation involve proton bombardment of .sup.100Mo.sub.2C in a cyclotron. Yields of .sup.99mTcO.sub.4 can be increased by sintering .sup.100Mo.sub.2C prior to bombardment. The methods also include recycling of .sup.100Mo.sub.2C to form .sup.100MoO.sub.3. SPECT images obtained using .sup.99mTcO.sub.4 generated by the disclosed methods are also presented.

  18. What is the link between nonlocalizing sestamibi scans, multigland disease, and persistent hypercalcemia? A study of 401 consecutive patients undergoing parathyroidectomy.

    PubMed

    Chiu, Bill; Sturgeon, Cord; Angelos, Peter

    2006-09-01

    We hypothesized that nonlocalizing sestamibi scans would correlate with multigland disease and persistent primary hyperparathyroidism. We reviewed records for 401 consecutive patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 1999 to 2004. Gender, age, preoperative imaging, surgical findings, gland weight and volume, and 6-month calcium levels (Ca) were examined. We identified 289 women and 112 men, 297 of whom had a preoperative sestamibi scan localized to a single gland (localized group; LG). Ninety-six percent of the LG were found to have single-gland disease, and 4% had multigland disease (MGD). In the nonlocalized group (NLG), 76% had single-gland disease and 24% MGD. Mean gland weight was greater in the LG than in the NLG (1128 mg vs 699 mg; P < .05). Mean gland volume was larger in the LG (1.34 cc vs 0.89 cc; P < .05). A localizing sestamibi scan had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96% and a likelihood ratio of 2.29 for predicting "curative" intraoperative parathyroid hormone drop after removal of a single abnormal gland. Patients were stratified into normocalcemic (NCa) and hypercalcemic (HCa) groups based on 6-month postoperative serum calcium data (n = 328). HCa incidence at 6 months did not differ significantly between the LG (5%) and NLG (3%). A localizing scan had a PPV of 95% for normocalcemia at 6 months. A nonlocalizing scan had a PPV of 21% for HCa at 6 months. Nonlocalizing sestamibi scans were more common in primary hyperparathyroidism with MGD and were associated with smaller-volume abnormal glands found at operation. Preoperative sestamibi scan-results did not predict HCa at 6 months.

  19. Preclinical characterization of 18F-MAA, a novel PET surrogate of 99mTc-MAA.

    PubMed

    Wu, Shih-Yen; Kuo, Jia-Wei; Chang, Tien-Kuei; Liu, Ren-Shen; Lee, Rheun-Chuan; Wang, Shyh-Jen; Lin, Wuu-Jyh; Wang, Hsin-Ell

    2012-10-01

    (99m)Tc-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((99m)Tc-MAA) scintigraphy scan is routinely performed for lung perfusion imaging and for the assessment of in vivo distribution of (90)Y-labeled SIR-Spheres prior to selective internal radiation treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is superior to gamma scintigraphy in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution and accuracy of quantification. This study reported that (18)F-labeled macroaggregated albumin ((18)F-MAA) is an ideal PET imaging surrogate for (99m)Tc-MAA. (18)F-MAA was prepared from the commercial MAA kit via a one-step conjugation with N-succinimidyl 4-(18)F-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB). The biodistribution study and microPET/microSPECT imaging were conducted in normal SD rats after intravenous injection of (18)F-MAA/(99m)Tc-MAA. A comparison study of these two radiotracers was performed after co-injection via the intrahepatic arterial in a N1S1 hepatoma-bearing SD rat model. The optimal condition for (18)F-MAA preparation is coupling MAA (0.5mg) with (18)F-SFB at 45°C for 5 min in a phosphate buffer of pH 8.5. (18)F-MAA was prepared in 60 min with high radiochemical yield (30%-35%) and high radiochemical purity (>95%). The in vivo distribution of (18)F-MAA after intravenous injection meets the specifications of MAA depicted in European Pharmacopeia. Our study demonstrated excellent correlation between (18)F-MAA and (99m)Tc-MAA in the regional distribution of tumor, liver and lungs (R(2)=0.965, 0.886 and 0.991, respectively), and also in the tumor-to-liver and tumor-to-lungs ratio (R(2)=0.965 and 0.987, respectively) in a N1S1 hepatoma-bearing SD rat model. The organ uptakes derived from animal PET/CT and SPECT/CT imaging after administration of these two tracers were in accordance with those obtained in the distribution studies. Starting from commercial MAA kit, an efficient preparation of (18)F-MAA was successfully established. Highly correlated, almost parallel

  20. Technetium-99 cycling in maple trees: characterization of changes in chemical form.

    PubMed

    Garten, C T; Lomax, R D

    1989-08-01

    Prior field studies near an old radioactive waste disposal site at Oak Ridge, TN, indicated that following root uptake, metabolism by deciduous trees rendered 99Tc less biogeochemically mobile than expected, based on chemistry of the pertechnetate (TcO-4) anion. Subsequently, the form of technetium (Tc) in maple tree (Acer sp.) sap, leaves, wood and forest leaf litter was characterized using one or more of the following methods: dialysis, physical fractionation, chemical extraction, gel permeation chromatography, enzymatic extraction, or thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel. Chromatography (Sephadex G-25) of TcO-4 incubated in vitro with tree sap showed it to behave similar to TcO-4 anion. When labeled wood and leaf tissues were processed using a tissue homogenizer, 15% and 40%, respectively, of the Tc was solubilized into phosphate buffer. Most (65% to 80%) of the solubilized Tc passing a 0.45-micron filter also passed through an ultrafiltration membrane with a nominal molecular weight cutoff of 10,000 atomic mass units (amu). A majority (72% to 80%) of the Tc in wood could be chemically removed by successive extractions with ethanol, water and weak mineral acid. These same extractants removed only 23% to 31% of the Tc from maple leaves or forest floor leaf litter. Most of the Tc in leaves and leaf litter was removed only by strongly alkaline reagents typically used to release structural polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) from plant tissues. Chromatography (Sephadex G-25) of the ethanol-water extract from wood and the alkaline extract from leaves demonstrated that Tc in these extracts was not principally TcO-4 but was complexed with molecules greater than 1000 amu. Incubations of leaf and wood homogenates with protease approximately doubled the amount of Tc released from contaminated tissues. Ultrafiltration of protease-solubilized Tc from leaves and wood showed that 40% and 93%, respectively, of the Tc was less than 10,000 amu. TLC of the less than 10

  1. 10 CFR Appendix B to Part 30 - Quantities 1 of Licensed Material Requiring Labeling

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 10 Technetium-97m 100 Technetium-97 100 Technetium-99m 100 Technetium-99 10 Tellurium-125m 10 Tellurium-127m 10 Tellurium-127 100 Tellurium-129m 10 Tellurium-129 100 Tellurium-131m 10 Tellurium-132 10...

  2. 10 CFR Appendix B to Part 30 - Quantities 1 of Licensed Material Requiring Labeling

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 10 Technetium-97m 100 Technetium-97 100 Technetium-99m 100 Technetium-99 10 Tellurium-125m 10 Tellurium-127m 10 Tellurium-127 100 Tellurium-129m 10 Tellurium-129 100 Tellurium-131m 10 Tellurium-132 10...

  3. The use of {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} for detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sinilkin, I., E-mail: sinilkinig@oncology.tomsk.ru; Chernov, V.; Medvedeva, A.

    2016-08-02

    Purpose: to study the feasibility of using the new radiopharmaceutical based on the technetium-99m-labeled gamma-alumina for identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer patients. The study included two groups of breast cancer patients who underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and intraoperaive gamma probe identification of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). To identify SLNs, the day before surgery Group I patients (n = 34) were injected with radioactive {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and Group II patients (n = 30) received {sup 99m}Tc-labeled phytate colloid. A total of 37 SLNs were detected in Group I patients. The number ofmore » identified SLNs per patient ranged from 1 to 2 (the average number of identified SLNs was 1.08). Axillary lymph nodes were the most common site of SLN localization. 18 hours after {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} injection, the percentage of its accumulation in the SLN was 7–11% (of the counts in the injection site) by SPECT and 17–31% by gamma probe detection. In Group II SLNs were detected in 27 patients. 18 hours after injection of the phytate colloid the percentage of its accumulation in the SLN was 1.5–2% out of the counts in the injection site by SPECT and 4–7% by gamma probe. The new radiopharmaceutical based on the {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} demonstrates high accumulation in SLNs without redistribution through the entire lymphatic basin. The sensitivity and specificity of {sup 99m}Tc-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were 100% for both SPECT and intraoperative gamma probe identification.« less

  4. A strategy for intensive production of molybdenum-99 isotopes for nuclear medicine using CANDU reactors.

    PubMed

    Morreale, A C; Novog, D R; Luxat, J C

    2012-01-01

    Technetium-99m is an important medical isotope utilized worldwide in nuclear medicine and is produced from the decay of its parent isotope, molybdenum-99. The online fueling capability and compact fuel of the CANDU(®)(1) reactor allows for the potential production of large quantities of (99)Mo. This paper proposes (99)Mo production strategies using modified target fuel bundles loaded into CANDU fuel channels. Using a small group of channels a yield of 89-113% of the weekly world demand for (99)Mo can be obtained. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. [Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function using gated SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI].

    PubMed

    Toba, M; Kumita, S I; Mizumura, S; Cho, K; Kijima, T; Takahama, K; Kumazaki, T

    1996-04-01

    Development of 3 head SPECT system and 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals enable us to evaluate left ventricular systolic function on the basis of once gated SPECT routine. This study was focused on assessment of left ventricular diastolic function using 99mTc-MIBI gated SPECT data. Twenty nine patients with ischemic heart diseases underwent 99mTc-MIBI gated SPECT and 99mTc-HSAD ventriculographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function within 1 month. Region of interests (ROI), simultaneously calculating counts per pixel within ROI, were placed over whole myocardium of 16 serial phasic images reconstructed from gated SPECT data, following selection of the central slice within short axial images. Then, 29 patients were classified into 3 patterns of phase count curve (normal, mixed, and delayed relaxation = diastolic dysfunction). Moreover, 1/3 Count Decreasing Fraction (1/3 CDF) was calculated on the same concept as 1/3 FF. The curve pattern showed significant differences between normal and abnormal group divided on the basis of established indices such as 1/3 FF and PFR, and 1/3 CDF has correlations with 1/3 FF (r = 0.61) and PFR (r = 0.58). We concluded that the new parameters drawn from 99mTc-MIBI gated SPECT data might be feasible for evaluation of diastolic function.

  6. PLA-PEG nanocapsules radiolabeled with 99mTechnetium-HMPAO: release properties and physicochemical characterization by atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Pereira, Maira Alves; Mosqueira, Vanessa Carla Furtado; Vilela, José Mário Carneiro; Andrade, Margareth Spangler; Ramaldes, Gilson Andrade; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

    2008-01-01

    The present work describes the preparation, characterization and labelling of conventional and surface-modified nanocapsules (NC) with 99m Tc-HMPAO. The size, size distribution and homogeneity were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and zeta potential by laser doppler anemometry. The morphology and the structural organization were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The stability and release profile of the NC were determined in vitro in plasma. The results showed that the use of methylene blue induces significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency of 99m Tc-HMPAO, from 24.4 to 49.8% in PLA NC and 22.37 to 52.93% in the case of PLA-PEG NC (P<0.05) by improving the complex stabilization. The average diameter of NC calculated by PCS varied from 216 to 323 nm, while the average diameter determined by AFM varied from 238 to 426 nm. The AFM analysis of diameter/height ratios suggested a greater homogeneity of the surface-modified PLA-PEG nanocapsules compared to PLA NC concerning their flattening properties. The in vitro release of the 99m Tc-HMPAO in plasma medium was faster for the conventional PLA NC than for the surface-modified NC. For the latter, 60% of the radioactivity remained associated with NC, even after 12h of incubation. The results suggest that the surface-modified 99m Tc-HMPAO-PLA-PEG NC was more stable against label leakage in the presence of proteins and could present better performance as radiotracer in vivo.

  7. Ion Exchange Column Tests Supporting Technetium Removal Resin Maturation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nash, C.; McCabe, D.; Hamm, L.

    2013-12-20

    The primary treatment of the tank waste at the DOE Hanford site will be done in the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant, currently under construction. The baseline plan for this facility is to treat the waste, splitting it into High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Activity Waste (LAW). Both waste streams are then separately vitrified as glass and sealed in canisters. The LAW glass will be disposed on site. There are currently no plans to treat the waste to remove technetium, so its disposition path is the LAW glass. Due to the soluble properties of pertechnetate and long half-life ofmore » 99Tc, effective management of 99Tc is important. Options are being explored to immobilize the supplemental LAW portion of the tank waste, as well as to examine the volatility of 99Tc during the vitrification process. Removal of 99Tc, followed by off-site disposal has potential to reduce treatment and disposal costs. A conceptual flow sheets for supplemental LAW treatment and disposal that could benefit from technetium removal will specifically examine removing 99Tc from the LAW feed stream to supplemental immobilization. SuperLig® 639 is an elutable ion exchange resin. In the tank waste, 99Tc is predominantly found in the tank supernate as pertechnetate (TcO 4 -). Perrhenate (ReO 4 -) has been shown to be a good non-radioactive surrogate for pertechnetate in laboratory testing for this ion exchange resin. This report contains results of experimental ion exchange distribution coefficient and column resin maturation kinetics testing using the resin SuperLig® 639a to selectively remove perrhenate from simulated LAW. This revision includes results from testing to determine effective resin operating temperature range. Loading tests were performed at 45°C, and the computer modeling was updated to include the temperature effects. Equilibrium contact testing indicated that this batch of SuperLig® 639 resin has good performance, with an average perrhenate distribution coefficient of

  8. Performance characteristics of dedicated molecular breast imaging systems at low doses

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Long, Zaiyang; Conners, Amy L.; Hunt, Katie N.

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the system performance characteristics and lesion detection capability of two molecular breast imaging (MBI) systems: a multicrystal sodium iodide (NaI)-based single-head system and a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based dual-head system at low administered doses (150–300 MBq) of Tc-99m sestamibi. Methods: System performance characteristics including count sensitivity, uniformity, energy resolution, and spatial resolution were measured using standard NEMA methods, or a modified version thereof in cases where the standard NEMA protocol could not be applied. A contrast-detail phantom with 48 lesions at varying depths from the collimator surface was used to assessmore » lesion contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) using background count densities comparable to those observed in patient studies performed with administered doses of 150 MBq Tc-99m sestamibi. Lesions with CNR >3 were deemed to be detectable. Thirty patients undergoing MBI examinations with administered doses of 150–300 MBq were scanned for an additional view on the pixelated NaI system. CNR was calculated for lesions observed on patient images. Background count densities of patient images were measured and compared between the two systems. Results: Over the central field of view, integral and differential uniformity were 6.1% and 4.2%, respectively, for the pixelated NaI system, and 3.8% and 2.7%, respectively, for the CZT system. Count sensitivity was 10.8 kcts/min/MBq for the NaI system and 32.9 kcts/min/MBq for the CZT system. Energy resolution was 13.5% on the pixelated NaI system and 4.5% on the CZT system. Spatial resolution (full-width at half-maximum) for the pixelated NaI detector was 4.2 mm at a distance of 1.2 cm from the collimator and 5.2 mm at 3.1 cm. Spatial resolution of a single CZT detector was 2.9 mm at a distance of 1.2 cm from the collimator and 4.7 mm at 3.1 cm. Effective spatial resolution obtained with dual-head CZT was below 4.7 mm

  9. Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc- and (123)I-labeled radiotracers using a preclinical SPECT scanner with CZT detectors.

    PubMed

    Kobayashi, Masato; Matsunari, Ichiro; Nishi, Kodai; Mizutani, Asuka; Miyazaki, Yoshiharu; Ogai, Kazuhiro; Sugama, Jyunko; Shiba, Kazuhiro; Kawai, Keiichi; Kinuya, Seigo

    2016-05-01

    Simultaneous acquisition of (99m)Tc and (123)I was evaluated using a preclinical SPECT scanner with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based detectors. 10-ml cylindrical syringes contained about 37 MBq (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin ((99m)Tc-TF) or 37 MBq (123)I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3R,S-methyl pentadecanoic acid ((123)I-BMIPP) were used to assess the relationship between these SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity. Two 10-ml syringes contained 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP to assess the influence of (99m)Tc upscatter and (123)I downscatter, respectively. A rat-sized cylindrical phantom also contained both 100 or 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. The two 10-ml syringes and phantom were scanned using a pinhole collimator for rats. Myocardial infarction model rats were examined using 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF and 100 MBq (123)I-BMIPP. Two 1-ml syringes contained 105 MBq (99m)Tc-labeled hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ((99m)Tc-HMPAO) and 35 MBq (123)I-labeled N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT). The two 1-ml syringes were scanned using a pinhole collimator for mice. Normal mice were examined using 105 MBq (99m)Tc-HMPAO and 35 MBq (123)I-FP-CIT. The relationship between SPECT radioactive counts and radioactivity was excellent. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-BMIPP exhibited fewer radioactive counts for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without scatter correction (SC) in 125-150 keV. There was no upscatter contamination of (99m)Tc-TF in 150-175 keV. In the rat-sized phantom, the radioactive count ratio decreased to 4.0 % for 300 MBq (99m)Tc-TF without SC in 125-150 keV. In the rats, myocardial images and radioactive counts of (99m)Tc-TF with the dual tracer were identical to those of the (99m)Tc-TF single injection. Downscatter contamination of (123)I-FP-CIT was 4.2 % without SC in 125-150 keV. In the first injection of (99m)Tc-HMPAO and second injection of (123)I-FP-CIT, brain images and radioactive counts

  10. Molecular imaging with (99m)Tc-MIBI and molecular testing for mutations in differentiating benign from malignant follicular neoplasm: a prospective comparison.

    PubMed

    Giovanella, L; Campenni, A; Treglia, G; Verburg, F A; Trimboli, P; Ceriani, L; Bongiovanni, M

    2016-06-01

    To compare mutation analysis of cytology specimens and (99m)Tc-MIBI thyroid scintigraphy for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules in patients with a cytological reading of follicular neoplasm. Patients ≥18 years of age with a solitary hypofunctioning thyroid nodule (≥10 mm), normal thyrotropin and calcitonin levels, and a cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm were prospectively enrolled. Mutation analysis and (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy were performed and patients were subsequently operated on to confirm or exclude a malignant lesion. Mutations for KRAS, HRAS and NRAS and for BRAF and translocations of PAX8/PPARγ, RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 were investigated. Static thyroid scintigraphic images were acquired 10 and 60 min after intravenous injection of 200 MBq of (99m)Tc-MIBI and visually assessed. Additionally, the MIBI washout index was calculated using a semiquantitative method. In our series, 26 % of nodules with a follicular pattern on cytology were malignant with a prevalence of follicular carcinomas. (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy was found to be significantly more accurate (positive likelihood ratio 4.56 for visual assessment and 12.35 for semiquantitative assessment) than mutation analysis (positive likelihood ratio 1.74). A negative (99m)Tc-MIBI scan reliably excluded malignancy. In patients with a thyroid nodule cytologically diagnosed as a follicular proliferation, semiquantitative analysis of (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy should be the preferred method for differentiating benign from malignant nodules. It is superior to molecular testing for the presence of differentiated thyroid cancer-associated mutations in fine-needle aspiration cytology sample material.

  11. Diagnostic value of 99mTc-ethambutol scintigraphy in tuberculosis: compared to microbiological and histopathological tests.

    PubMed

    Kartamihardja, A H S; Kurniawati, Y; Gunawan, R

    2018-01-01

    Tuberculosis (TB) still remains the world's endemic infection. TB affects the lungs and any part of the body other than the lung. The diagnosis of TB has not changed much over the decades. Ethambutol is one of the first line treatments for TB. It can be labeled using 99m Tc. 99m Tc-ethambutol will be accumulated in the site of TB lesion and can be imaged using gamma camera. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of 99m Tc-ethambutol scintigraphy in detecting and localizing of TB. Retrospective cross-sectional study was done. Subjects were patients suspected of having TB infection. Whole body and SPECT-CT imaging at the suspected area was done 1 and 4 h after injection of 370-555 MBq 99m Tc-ethambutol. 99m Tc-ethambutol scintigraphy was analyzed visually. The results were compared with that of histopathological or microbiological tests. Statistical analysis was done to determine the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy. One hundred and sixty-eight subjects were involved in this study. There were 110 men and 58 women with mean age of 34.52 ± 11.94 years. There were concordance results in 156 (92.86%) and discordant in 12 (7.14%) subjects between 99m Tc-ethambutol scintigraphy and histopathological or microbiological result. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 99m Tc-ethambutol scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB were 93.9, 85.7, 93.9, 85.7 and 91.4%, respectively, for extra-pulmonary TB 95.5, 77.8, 97.9, 63.6, and 85.1%, respectively, and for total tuberculosis 94.9, 83.3, 96.3, 78.1 and 92.8%, respectively. There was no side effect observed in this study. 99m Tc-ethambutol scintigraphy is a useful diagnostic imaging technique to detect and localize intra- and extra-pulmonary TB. It is safe to be performed even in pediatric patient. Consuming ethambutol less than 2 weeks did not influence the result.

  12. The utility of neck ultrasound and sestamibi scans in patients with secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

    PubMed

    Alkhalili, Eyas; Tasci, Yunus; Aksoy, Erol; Aliyev, Shamil; Soundararajan, Saranya; Taskin, Eren; Siperstein, Allan; Berber, Eren

    2015-03-01

    Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) are disease entities in patients with chronic kidney disease that are caused by parathyroid hyperplasia. The role of preoperative localization studies in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for these conditions remains poorly defined. To evaluate the utility of surgeon-performed neck ultrasound (US) as well as sestamibi scans in the localization of parathyroid glands in patients with SHPT/THPT. A retrospective analysis of patients with SHPT/THPT who underwent parathyroidectomy at a single institution. Results of preoperative localization studies were compared to intraoperative findings. One hundred and three patients underwent parathyroidectomy for SHPT/THPT. All patients underwent surgeon-performed neck US, while 92 (89%) underwent sestamibi scans. US failed to localize any of the parathyroids in 4 patients (3.8%), while sestamibi was negative in 11 (12%). Forty-seven ectopic glands were identified in 38 patients in whom sestamibi was performed. In five patients (13%), ectopic glands were identified by both modalities, by US only in 6 (16%), by sestamibi only in 8 (21%), and by neither study in 19 patients (50%). US showed new thyroid nodules in 19 patients (18.4 %), leading to lobectomy or thyroidectomy at the time of parathyroidectomy in 16 patients (15.5%). Pathology showed malignancy in 7 patients (6.8%). US and MIBI offer little benefit in localizing ectopic glands and rarely change the conduct of a standard four-gland exploration. Although there was a benefit of US in the assessment of thyroid nodules, in only 8.7% of patients was sestamibi of benefit in identifying ectopic glands.

  13. Improved synthesis and biological evaluation of Tc-99m radiolabeled AMO for miRNA imaging in tumor xenografts.

    PubMed

    Kang, Lei; Fan, Zhongyi; Sun, Hongwei; Feng, Yingying; Ma, Chao; Yan, Ping; Zhang, Chunli; Ma, Huan; Hao, Pan; Chen, Xueqi; Zheng, Zhibing; Xu, Xiaojie; Wang, Rongfu

    2015-01-01

    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered as important biomarkers for malignant tumors. In this study, we introduced an improved (99m)Tc labeling method for noninvasive visualization of overexpressed miRNAs in tumor-bearing mice. Anti-miRNA-21 oligonucleotide (AMO) with partial 2'-O-methyl and phosphorothioate modification was designed and chemically synthesized. After conjugated with NHS-MAG3, AMO was labeled with (99m)Tc. Optimization was made to shorten reaction time and to improve labeling efficiency. Labeling efficiency was 97%, and specific activity was 2.78 MBq/ng. During 12 h, (99m)Tc-AMO showed no significant degradation by gel electrophoresis. Its radiochemical purity was stable, between 95.8% and 99.1%. Further, (99m)Tc-AMO decreased the level of miR-21 and increased the expression of PTEN protein at cellular level, shown by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Fluorescent protein labeled AMO displayed specific distribution and good stability in tumor cells. After the administration in tumor-bearing mice, (99m)Tc-AMO showed more radioactive uptake in the miR-21 over-expressed tumors than scramble control. Biodistribution results further proved the significant difference of tumor uptake between (99m)Tc-AMO and (99m)Tc-control. Therefore, this study presents an improved method with shorten time to prepare a (99m)Tc radiolabeled AMO. In addition, it supports the role of (99m)Tc-AMO for noninvasive visualization of miR-21 in malignant tumors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  14. Differential diagnosis of regional cerebral hyperfixation of TC-99m HMPAO on SPECT imaging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shirazi, P.; Konopka, L.; Crayton, J.W.

    1994-05-01

    Accurate diagnostic evaluation of patients with neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease is important because early treatment may halt disease progression and prevent impairment or disability. Cerebral hyperfixation of HMPAO has been ascribed to luxury perfusion following ischemic infarction. The present study sought to identify other conditions that also display radiotracer hyperfixation in order to develop a differential diagnosis of this finding on SPECT imaging. Two hundred fifty (n=250) successive cerebral SPECT images were reviewed for evidence of HMPAO hyperfixation. Hyperfixation was defined as enhanced focal perfusion surrounded by a zone of diminished or normal cerebral perfusion. All patients were scanned aftermore » intravenous injection of 25 mCi Tc-99m HMPAO. Volume-rendered and oblique images were obtained with a Trionix triple-head SPECT system using ultra high resolution fan beam collimators. Thirteen (13/250; 5%) of the patients exhibited regions of HMPAO hyperfixation. CT or MRI abnormalities were detected in 6/13 cases. Clinical diagnoses in these patients included intractable psychosis, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol and narcotic dependence, major depression, acute closed-head trauma, hypothyroidism, as well as subacute ischemic infarction. A wide variety of conditions may be associated with cerebral hyperfixation of HMPAO. These conditions include neurologic and psychiatric diagnoses, and extend the consideration of hyperfixation beyond ischemic infarction. Consequently, a differential diagnosis of HMPAO hyperfixation may be broader than originally considered, and this may suggest a fundamental role for local cerebral hyperperfusion. Elucidation of the fundamental mechanism(s) for cerebral hyperperfusion requires further investigation.« less

  15. Antimicrobial peptide 99mTc-ubiquicidin 29-41 as human infection-imaging agent: clinical trial.

    PubMed

    Akhtar, Muhammad Saeed; Qaisar, Aitzaz; Irfanullah, Javaid; Iqbal, Javaid; Khan, Bashar; Jehangir, Mustansar; Nadeem, Muhammad Afzal; Khan, Muhammad Aleem; Afzal, Muhammad Shahzad; Ul-Haq, Ikram; Imran, Muhammad Babar

    2005-04-01

    Ubiquicidin (UBI) 29-41 is a cationic, synthetic antimicrobial peptide fragment that binds preferentially with the anionic microbial cell membrane at the site of infection. The current study was conducted to evaluate its potential as an infection-imaging agent in humans. Eighteen patients, 9 female and 9 male (mean age, 31.7 y; range, 5-75 y), with suspected bone, soft-tissue, or prosthesis infections were included in the study. (99m)Tc-UBI 29-41 in a dose of 400 microg/370-400 MBq was injected intravenously in adults. A dynamic study was followed by spot views of the suspected region of infection (target) and a corresponding normal area (nontarget) at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The target-to-nontarget ratios were used to find the optimum time for imaging. Whole-body anterior and posterior images were also acquired at 30, 120, and 240 min to study biodistribution. Activity in each organ was expressed as percentage retained dose. Visual score (0-3) was used to categorize studies as positive or negative, with scores of 0 (minimal or no uptake; equivalent to soft tissue) and 1 (mild; less uptake than in liver) being considered negative and scores of 2 (moderate; uptake greater than or equal to that in liver) and 3 (intense; uptake greater than or equal to that in kidneys) being considered positive. Scans were interpreted as true- or false-positive and true- or false-negative on the basis of bacterial culture as the major criterion and the results of clinical tests, radiography, and 3-phase bone scanning as minor criteria. The biodistribution study showed a gradual decline in renal activity as percentage of administered dose from 6.53% +/- 0.58% at 30 min to 4.54% +/- 0.57% at 120 min and 3.38% +/- 0.55% at 240 min. The liver showed a similar trend, with values of 5.43% +/- 0.76%, 3.17% +/- 0.25%, and 2.02% +/- 0.30% at 30, 120, and 240 min, respectively. Radioactivity accumulated gradually in the urinary bladder, with values of 4.60% +/- 0.92% at 30 min, 23.00% +/- 2

  16. Liver function assessment using 99mTc-GSA single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT fusion imaging in hilar bile duct cancer: A retrospective study.

    PubMed

    Sumiyoshi, Tatsuaki; Shima, Yasuo; Okabayashi, Takehiro; Kozuki, Akihito; Hata, Yasuhiro; Noda, Yoshihiro; Kouno, Michihiko; Miyagawa, Kazuyuki; Tokorodani, Ryotaro; Saisaka, Yuichi; Tokumaru, Teppei; Nakamura, Toshio; Morita, Sojiro

    2016-07-01

    The objective of this study was to determine the utility of Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin ((99m)Tc-GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT fusion imaging for posthepatectomy remnant liver function assessment in hilar bile duct cancer patients. Thirty hilar bile duct cancer patients who underwent major hepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection were retrospectively analyzed. Indocyanine green plasma clearance rate (KICG) value and estimated KICG by (99m)Tc-GSA scintigraphy (KGSA) and volumetric and functional rates of future remnant liver by (99m)Tc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging were used to evaluate preoperative whole liver function and posthepatectomy remnant liver function, respectively. Remnant (rem) KICG (= KICG × volumetric rate) and remKGSA (= KGSA × functional rate) were used to predict future remnant liver function; major hepatectomy was considered unsafe for values <0.05. The correlation of remKICG and remKGSA with posthepatectomy mortality and morbidity was determined. Although remKICG and remKGSA were not significantly different (median value: 0.071 vs 0.075), functional rates of future remnant liver were significantly higher than volumetric rates (median: 0.54 vs 0.46; P < .001). Hepatectomy was considered unsafe in 17% and 0% of patients using remKICG and remKGSA, respectively. Postoperative liver failure and mortality did not occur in the patients for whom hepatectomy was considered unsafe based on remKICG. remKGSA showed a stronger correlation with postoperative prothrombin time activity than remKICG. (99m)Tc-GSA SPECT/CT fusion imaging enables accurate assessment of future remnant liver function and suitability for hepatectomy in hilar bile duct cancer patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Microcirculation of the fingers in Raynaud's syndrome: (99m)Tc-DTPA imaging.

    PubMed

    Csiki, Z; Garai, I; Varga, J; Szücs, G; Galajda, Z; András, C; Zeher, M; Galuska, L

    2005-02-01

    We investigated the circulatory characteristics of patients suffering of primary and secondary Raynaud's syndrome. We examined 106 patients presenting with the classical symptoms of Raynaud's syndrom (47 primary, 59 secondary) by hand perfusion scintigraphy developed by our Department of Nuclear Medicine. After visual evaluation we analyzed the images semiquantitatively, using the finger to palm ratio. We statistically compared the patients with primary and those with secondary Raynaud's syndrome. By visual evaluation we constated regional perfusion disturbances in 42 from 59 patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome. However, this was observed in only 3 from 47 patients with the primary form of this disease. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Semiquantitative analysis showed that the finger/palm ratios (FPR) were significantly lower (p<0.05) for the patients with primary Raynaud's syndrome. No differences in the FPR values concerning sex or right and left side. The hand perfusion scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-DTPA is a noninvasive, cost effective diagnostic tool, which objectively reflects the global and regional microcirculatory abnormalities of the hands, and provides quantitative data for follow-up.

  18. Simultaneous Tc-99m and I-123 dual-radionuclide imaging with a solid-state detector-based brain-SPECT system and energy-based scatter correction.

    PubMed

    Takeuchi, Wataru; Suzuki, Atsuro; Shiga, Tohru; Kubo, Naoki; Morimoto, Yuichi; Ueno, Yuichiro; Kobashi, Keiji; Umegaki, Kikuo; Tamaki, Nagara

    2016-12-01

    A brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system using cadmium telluride (CdTe) solid-state detectors was previously developed. This CdTe-SPECT system is suitable for simultaneous dual-radionuclide imaging due to its fine energy resolution (6.6 %). However, the problems of down-scatter and low-energy tail due to the spectral characteristics of a pixelated solid-state detector should be addressed. The objective of this work was to develop a system for simultaneous Tc-99m and I-123 brain studies and evaluate its accuracy. A scatter correction method using five energy windows (FiveEWs) was developed. The windows are Tc-lower, Tc-main, shared sub-window of Tc-upper and I-lower, I-main, and I-upper. This FiveEW method uses pre-measured responses for primary gamma rays from each radionuclide to compensate for the overestimation of scatter by the triple-energy window method that is used. Two phantom experiments and a healthy volunteer experiment were conducted using the CdTe-SPECT system. A cylindrical phantom and a six-compartment phantom with five different mixtures of Tc-99m and I-123 and a cold one were scanned. The quantitative accuracy was evaluated using 18 regions of interest for each phantom. In the volunteer study, five healthy volunteers were injected with Tc-99m human serum albumin diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (HSA-D) and scanned (single acquisition). They were then injected with I-123 N-isopropyl-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (IMP) and scanned again (dual acquisition). The counts of the Tc-99m images for the single and dual acquisitions were compared. In the cylindrical phantom experiments, the percentage difference (PD) between the single and dual acquisitions was 5.7 ± 4.0 % (mean ± standard deviation). In the six-compartment phantom experiment, the PDs between measured and injected activity for Tc-99m and I-123 were 14.4 ± 11.0 and 2.3 ± 1.8 %, respectively. In the volunteer study, the PD between the single

  19. Synthesis, Characterization, and Initial Biological Evaluation of [99m Tc]Tc-Tricarbonyl-labeled DPA-α-MSH Peptide Derivatives for Potential Melanoma Imaging.

    PubMed

    Gao, Feng; Sihver, Wiebke; Bergmann, Ralf; Belter, Birgit; Bolzati, Cristina; Salvarese, Nicola; Steinbach, Jörg; Pietzsch, Jens; Pietzsch, Hans-Jürgen

    2018-06-06

    α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) derivatives target the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) specifically and selectively. In this study, the α-MSH-derived peptide NAP-NS1 (Nle-Asp-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH 2 ) with and without linkers was conjugated with 5-(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)pentanoic acid (DPA-COOH) and labeled with [ 99m Tc]Tc-tricarbonyl by two methods. With the one-pot method the labeling was faster than with the two-pot method, while obtaining similarly high yields. Negligible trans-chelation and high stability in physiological solutions was determined for the [ 99m Tc]Tc-tricarbonyl-peptide conjugates. Coupling an ethylene glycol (EG)-based linker increased the hydrophilicity. The peptide derivatives displayed high binding affinity in murine B16F10 melanoma cells as well as in human MeWo and TXM13 melanoma cell homogenates. Preliminary in vivo studies with one of the [ 99m Tc]Tc-tricarbonyl-peptide conjugates showed good stability in blood and both renal and hepatobiliary excretion. Biodistribution was performed on healthy rats to gain initial insight into the potential relevance of the 99m Tc-labeled peptides for in vivo imaging. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  20. Extravasation from venous catheter: a serious complication potentially missed by lung imaging

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Spicer, K.M.; Gordon, L.

    Three patients were referred for lung ventiliation and perfusion (V/Q) imaging with symptoms strongly suggestive of pulmonary embolus (PE). Chest roentgenograms and xenon ventilation studies on all three were normal, save for prominent mediastinal silhouettes and effusions. Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin(Tc-99m MAA), when injected through the central venous catheter (CVP), revealed mediastinal localization, whereas antecubital injections showed normal pulmonary perfusion. Contrast fluoroscopy introduced through the venous catheter in the first patient defined the extravasation. For patients under strong suspicion of PE, with a venous catheter whose distal tip is seen about the level of the heart on chest radiograph, the authorsmore » recommend administering the perfusion agent slowly through the central catheter to exclude catheter-induced complications. When extravasation is detected, injection of Tc-99m MAA by peripheral vein should be used to exclude PE.« less