40 CFR 86.201-11 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.201-11 General applicability. (a) This subpart describes procedures for determining the cold temperature carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from 1994...

Development of an accelerated creep testing procedure for geosynthetics.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-01

The report presents a procedure for predicting creep strains of geosynthetics using creep tests at elevated temperatures. Creep testing equipment was constructed and tests were performed on two types of geosynthetics: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)...

Northwest Manufacturing Initiative

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-26

Testing of Metallic Materials] specifications. For high temperature tests, a heated water bath was use while for low temperature testing down to...Weld metal and heat affected zones were evaluated using Charpy and E399 fracture toughness methods. The influence of temperature , loading rate, CVN...determine the influence of fracture test methods and welding procedures on toughness. Room temperature E399 tests, (CTS) were carried out under

Alternator insulation evaluation tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Penn, W. B.; Schaefer, R. F.; Balke, R. L.

1972-01-01

Tests were conducted to predict the remaining electrical insulation life of a 60 KW homopolar inductor alternator following completion of NASA turbo-alternator endurance tests for SNAP-8 space electrical power systems application. The insulation quality was established for two alternators following completion of these tests. A step-temperature aging test procedure was developed for insulation life prediction and applied to one of the two alternators. Armature winding insulation life of over 80,000 hours for an average winding temperature of 248 degrees C was predicted using the developed procedure.

75 FR 16957 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Battery Chargers and External Power Supplies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... Procedures C. Review of Single-Voltage External Power Supply Test Procedure D. Multiple-Voltage External...) Deletions of Existing Definitions (b) Revisions to Existing Definitions (c) Additions of New Definitions 4. Test Apparatus and General Instructions (a) Confidence Intervals (b) Temperature (c) AC Input Voltage...

40 CFR 86.227-94 - Test procedures; overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.227-94 Test procedures; overview. The...

40 CFR 610.63 - Performance tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Performance tests. 610.63 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.63 Performance tests... 0 to 60 mph acceleration tests (at normal ambient temperatures) on the baseline vehicle...

40 CFR 610.63 - Performance tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Performance tests. 610.63 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.63 Performance tests... 0 to 60 mph acceleration tests (at normal ambient temperatures) on the baseline vehicle...

40 CFR 610.63 - Performance tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Performance tests. 610.63 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.63 Performance tests... 0 to 60 mph acceleration tests (at normal ambient temperatures) on the baseline vehicle...

40 CFR 610.63 - Performance tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Performance tests. 610.63 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.63 Performance tests... 0 to 60 mph acceleration tests (at normal ambient temperatures) on the baseline vehicle...

40 CFR 610.62 - Driveability tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Driveability tests. 610.62 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.62 Driveability tests. Driveability assessment (at normal ambient temperatures) of the baseline configuration, of the...

40 CFR 610.62 - Driveability tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Driveability tests. 610.62 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.62 Driveability tests. Driveability assessment (at normal ambient temperatures) of the baseline configuration, of the...

40 CFR 610.62 - Driveability tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Driveability tests. 610.62 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.62 Driveability tests. Driveability assessment (at normal ambient temperatures) of the baseline configuration, of the...

40 CFR 610.62 - Driveability tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Driveability tests. 610.62 Section 610... RETROFIT DEVICES Test Procedures and Evaluation Criteria Special Test Procedures § 610.62 Driveability tests. Driveability assessment (at normal ambient temperatures) of the baseline configuration, of the...

Development of an accelerated creep testing procedure for geosynthetics : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-01

Temperature-creep relationships in geosynthetics vary for each type of geogrid and depend on many factors such as polymer structure, manufacture process, degree of crystallinity, and glass-transition temperature. The extrapolation procedures to predi...

An investigation of a low-variability tire treadwear test procedure and of treadwear adjustment for ambient temperature. Volume 2 : appendices A, B, C, D and E, test data files

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

This volume is the first part of a two-part appendix to the report on a low variability : tire treadwear procedure and treadwear adjustment for ambient : temperature. This volume contains Appendices A through E, covering data sheets : describing equi...

14 CFR 27.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... highest temperature recorded, as appropriate to the test condition; (2) That stage of flight is completed... configuration most critical for cooling; and (2) Under the conditions most critical for cooling. (b) Temperature stabilization. For the purpose of the cooling tests, a temperature is “stabilized” when its rate of change is...

14 CFR 27.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... highest temperature recorded, as appropriate to the test condition; (2) That stage of flight is completed... configuration most critical for cooling; and (2) Under the conditions most critical for cooling. (b) Temperature stabilization. For the purpose of the cooling tests, a temperature is “stabilized” when its rate of change is...

14 CFR 27.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... highest temperature recorded, as appropriate to the test condition; (2) That stage of flight is completed... configuration most critical for cooling; and (2) Under the conditions most critical for cooling. (b) Temperature stabilization. For the purpose of the cooling tests, a temperature is “stabilized” when its rate of change is...

14 CFR 27.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... highest temperature recorded, as appropriate to the test condition; (2) That stage of flight is completed... configuration most critical for cooling; and (2) Under the conditions most critical for cooling. (b) Temperature stabilization. For the purpose of the cooling tests, a temperature is “stabilized” when its rate of change is...

Determination of the thermal stability of fluids by tensimetry - Instrumentation and procedure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmick, Larry S.; Jones, William R., Jr.

1990-01-01

A computerized tensimeter and experimental procedure for determination of the thermal decomposition temperature (T sub d) of perfluoro alkylethers were developed and tested. Both the apparatus and the procedure are described in detail. Results of testing with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and trimethylolpropane triheptanoate demonstrate that the reciprocal of the decomposition temperature is a linear function of the logarithm of the gas volume/heated liquid volume ratio. The T sub d obtained for each compound at a gas volume/heated liquid volume ration of one was similar to the value previously reported using an isoteniscope technique. Results of testing with a polymer of hexafluoropropylene oxide demonstrate that this instrument and procedure can be used to determine the T sub d of perfluoro alkylethers.

Determination of the thermal stability of perfluoroalkylethers by tensimetry: Instrumentation and Procedure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helmick, Larry S.; Jones, William R., Jr.

1989-01-01

A computerized tensimeter and experimental procedure for determination of the thermal decomposition temperature (T sub d) of perfluoro alkylethers were developed and tested. Both the apparatus and the procedure are described in detail. Results of testing with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and trimethylolpropane triheptanoate demonstrate that the reciprocal of the decomposition temperature is a linear function of the logarithm of the gas volume/heated liquid volume ratio. The T sub d obtained for each compound at a gas volume/heated liquid volume ration of one was similar to the value previously reported using an isoteniscope technique. Results of testing with a polymer of hexafluoropropylene oxide demonstrate that this instrument and procedure can be used to determine the T sub d of perfluoroalkylethers.

40 CFR 53.55 - Test for effect of variations in power line voltage and ambient temperature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... measurement accuracy. (iv) Coefficient of variability measurement accuracy. (v) Ambient air temperature... line voltage and ambient temperature. 53.55 Section 53.55 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... power line voltage and ambient temperature. (a) Overview. (1) This test procedure is a combined...

40 CFR 600.107-08 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 600.107-08 Fuel specifications. (a) The test fuel specifications for... given in paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing... alternative fuel for cold temperature FTP testing. (c) Test fuels representing fuel types for which there are...

40 CFR 600.107-08 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 600.107-08 Fuel specifications. (a) The test fuel specifications for... given in paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing... alternative fuel for cold temperature FTP testing. (c) Test fuels representing fuel types for which there are...

40 CFR 600.107-08 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 600.107-08 Fuel specifications. (a) The test fuel specifications for... given in paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing... alternative fuel for cold temperature FTP testing. (c) Test fuels representing fuel types for which there are...

40 CFR 1065.530 - Emission test sequence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... temperature continuously to verify that it remains within the pre-test temperature range as specified in... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Emission test sequence. 1065.530... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.530...

40 CFR 1065.530 - Emission test sequence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... temperature continuously to verify that it remains within the pre-test temperature range as specified in... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Emission test sequence. 1065.530... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.530...

40 CFR 1065.530 - Emission test sequence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... temperature continuously to verify that it remains within the pre-test temperature range as specified in... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Emission test sequence. 1065.530... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.530...

Low Temperature Power Coating (LTPC) Phase 2 Laboratory Test Plan and Procedures for PACAF (Rev D)

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-03-20

Δa*, LTPC Phase II Laboratory Test Plan and Procedures Rev D (CDRL A004) BATTELLE | 20 March 2018 | 6 Δb* and ΔE will be calculated post ...BATTELLE | CONTRACT NUMBER: FA8532-17-C-0008 (CDRL A004) LTPC Phase II Laboratory Test Plan and Procedures (Rev D) Prepared by... Test Plan and Procedures Rev D (CDRL A004) BATTELLE | 20 March 2018 | i List of Acronyms AGE Aircraft Ground Equipment ASTM American

77 FR 49063 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Residential Dishwashers and Cooking Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-15

...The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to amend its test procedures for residential dishwashers to update certain obsolete dishware, flatware and food items, make minor amendments to the definition of the normal cycle, and update the ambient temperature and preconditioning requirements as well as the industry test method referenced in DOE's test procedure. DOE also proposes to add water pressure, drain height, rack position, loading, rinse aid container, and soil preparation specifications to the dishwasher test procedure. DOE additionally proposes to amend the test procedures for both dishwashers and conventional cooking products for the measurement of energy use in fan-only mode.

40 CFR 86.1430 - Certification Short Test sequence; general requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... test procedure. Fuel tank drain and fill is performed or a transient test procedure is performed, as... sets of test conditions identified in this subpart are based on the test fuel type present in the vehicle fuel tank and the ambient temperature during the test. Tables O-96-1 and O-96-2 outline the...

40 CFR 86.1430 - Certification Short Test sequence; general requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... test procedure. Fuel tank drain and fill is performed or a transient test procedure is performed, as... sets of test conditions identified in this subpart are based on the test fuel type present in the vehicle fuel tank and the ambient temperature during the test. Tables O-96-1 and O-96-2 outline the...

40 CFR 86.1430 - Certification Short Test sequence; general requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... test procedure. Fuel tank drain and fill is performed or a transient test procedure is performed, as... sets of test conditions identified in this subpart are based on the test fuel type present in the vehicle fuel tank and the ambient temperature during the test. Tables O-96-1 and O-96-2 outline the...

40 CFR 86.1430 - Certification Short Test sequence; general requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... test procedure. Fuel tank drain and fill is performed or a transient test procedure is performed, as... sets of test conditions identified in this subpart are based on the test fuel type present in the vehicle fuel tank and the ambient temperature during the test. Tables O-96-1 and O-96-2 outline the...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Higgins, G.L.; Bates, C.R.

A new procedure for testing elevated-temperature cathodic disbondment (C.D.) in fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) pipeline coatings appears consistent and reliable. Further, its results question C.D. theories that fail to account for effects at above-ambient temperatures. The work to develop this procedure also included experiments that demonstrated how the relative performance of coating systems - especially FBE line-pipe coatings operated at elevated temperature - could not be predicted from ambient-temperature assessment. Data reported in this third in a series on pipeline-protection technology confirm and expand on these aspects and introduce more recent results on the behavior of FBE coatings subjected to elevated-temperaturemore » C.D. testing.« less

Refractory Metal Heat Pipe Life Test - Test Plan and Standard Operating Procedures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J. J.; Reid, R. S.

2010-01-01

Refractory metal heat pipes developed during this project shall be subjected to various operating conditions to evaluate life-limiting corrosion factors. To accomplish this objective, various parameters shall be investigated, including the effect of temperature and mass fluence on long-term corrosion rate. The test series will begin with a performance test of one module to evaluate its performance and to establish the temperature and power settings for the remaining modules. The performance test will be followed by round-the-clock testing of 16 heat pipes. All heat pipes shall be nondestructively inspected at 6-month intervals. At longer intervals, specific modules will be destructively evaluated. Both the nondestructive and destructive evaluations shall be coordinated with Los Alamos National Laboratory. During the processing, setup, and testing of the heat pipes, standard operating procedures shall be developed. Initial procedures are listed here and, as hardware is developed, will be updated, incorporating findings and lessons learned.

40 CFR 86.884-12 - Test run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test run. 86.884-12 Section 86.884-12... Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test Procedure § 86.884-12 Test run. (a) The temperature of the air supplied to the... taken for each test: (1) Start cooling system; (2) Warm up the engine by the procedure described in 40...

40 CFR 86.884-12 - Test run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test run. 86.884-12 Section 86.884-12... Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test Procedure § 86.884-12 Test run. (a) The temperature of the air... steps shall be taken for each test: (1) Start cooling system; (2) Warm up the engine by the procedure...

40 CFR 86.213-11 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-11 Fuel specifications. (a) Gasoline... the text in this section follows: Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications Item ASTM test Cold CO low octane.... Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing under part 600 of this chapter must be a winter...

40 CFR 86.213-11 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-11 Fuel specifications. (a) Gasoline... the text in this section follows: Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications Item ASTM test Cold CO low octane.... Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing under part 600 of this chapter must be a winter...

40 CFR 86.213-11 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-11 Fuel specifications. (a) Gasoline... the text in this section follows: Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications Item ASTM test Cold CO low octane.... Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing under part 600 of this chapter must be a winter...

40 CFR 86.213-11 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-11 Fuel specifications. (a) Gasoline... the text in this section follows: Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications Item ASTM test Cold CO low octane.... Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing under part 600 of this chapter must be a winter...

75 FR 10949 - Energy Conservation Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Test Procedure for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... definitions for key terms. DATES: These test procedures are effective on April 8, 2010. The incorporation by... as of April 8, 2010. ADDRESSES: You may review copies of all materials related to this rulemaking at... supply characteristics, operational test temperatures, instrumentation requirements, setup connections...

14 CFR 29.1047 - Takeoff cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... minutes after the occurence of the highest temperature recorded. (5) The cooling test must be conducted at... takeoff and subsequent climb as follows: (1) Each temperature must be stabilized while hovering in ground...; and (iii) The maximum weight. (2) After the temperatures have stabilized, a climb must be started at...

14 CFR 29.1047 - Takeoff cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... minutes after the occurance of the highest temperature recorded. (5) The cooling test must be conducted at... takeoff and subsequent climb as follows: (1) Each temperature must be stabilized while hovering in ground...; and (iii) The maximum weight. (2) After the temperatures have stabilized, a climb must be started at...

14 CFR 29.1047 - Takeoff cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... minutes after the occurance of the highest temperature recorded. (5) The cooling test must be conducted at... takeoff and subsequent climb as follows: (1) Each temperature must be stabilized while hovering in ground...; and (iii) The maximum weight. (2) After the temperatures have stabilized, a climb must be started at...

14 CFR 29.1047 - Takeoff cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... minutes after the occurence of the highest temperature recorded. (5) The cooling test must be conducted at... takeoff and subsequent climb as follows: (1) Each temperature must be stabilized while hovering in ground...; and (iii) The maximum weight. (2) After the temperatures have stabilized, a climb must be started at...

14 CFR 29.1047 - Takeoff cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... minutes after the occurence of the highest temperature recorded. (5) The cooling test must be conducted at... takeoff and subsequent climb as follows: (1) Each temperature must be stabilized while hovering in ground...; and (iii) The maximum weight. (2) After the temperatures have stabilized, a climb must be started at...

40 CFR 80.176 - Alternative certification test procedures and standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... temperature. At the end of this 48-hour ambient temperature soak, an injector balance test is conducted to... injector balance test. (x) Fuel pressure gauge. A fuel pressure gauge capable of measuring fuel system... conducting the injector balance test. A pressure transducer shall not be used. (xi) Gaskets. The upper intake...

30 CFR 35.21 - Temperature-pressure spray-ignition tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... device shall be provided. (c) Test procedures. (1) A 21/2-quart sample of the fluid shall be poured into... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Temperature-pressure spray-ignition tests. 35..., EVALUATION, AND APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS Test Requirements § 35.21...

46 CFR 154.665 - Welding procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Welding procedures. 154.665 Section 154.665 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... Construction § 154.665 Welding procedures. Welding procedure tests for cargo tanks for a design temperature...

46 CFR 154.665 - Welding procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Welding procedures. 154.665 Section 154.665 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... Construction § 154.665 Welding procedures. Welding procedure tests for cargo tanks for a design temperature...

46 CFR 154.665 - Welding procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Welding procedures. 154.665 Section 154.665 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... Construction § 154.665 Welding procedures. Welding procedure tests for cargo tanks for a design temperature...

46 CFR 154.665 - Welding procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Welding procedures. 154.665 Section 154.665 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... Construction § 154.665 Welding procedures. Welding procedure tests for cargo tanks for a design temperature...

46 CFR 154.665 - Welding procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Welding procedures. 154.665 Section 154.665 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS... Construction § 154.665 Welding procedures. Welding procedure tests for cargo tanks for a design temperature...

Performance test for a solar water heater

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

Two reports describe procedures and results of performance tests on domestic solar powered hot water system. Performance tests determine amount of energy collected by system, amount of energy delivered to solar source, power required to operate system and maintain proper tank temperature, overall system efficiency, and temperature distribution in tank.

40 CFR 86.1231-90 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel when the... specified test fuel (§ 86.1213) at room temperature. Then drive the vehicle through at least one cycle of... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.1231-90 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel when the... specified test fuel (§ 86.1213) at room temperature. Then drive the vehicle through at least one cycle of... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.131-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.131-96 Vehicle preparation. (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be...

40 CFR 86.131-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.131-96 Vehicle preparation. (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be...

40 CFR 86.1231-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as described... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.1231-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as described... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.131-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.131-96 Vehicle preparation. (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be...

40 CFR 86.131-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.131-96 Vehicle preparation. (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be...

40 CFR 86.1231-90 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel when the... specified test fuel (§ 86.1213) at room temperature. Then drive the vehicle through at least one cycle of... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.1231-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as described... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.1231-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as described... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.1231-90 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel at the approximate mid-volume of the fuel when the... specified test fuel (§ 86.1213) at room temperature. Then drive the vehicle through at least one cycle of... Emission Test Procedures for New Gasoline-Fueled, Natural Gas-Fueled, Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled and...

40 CFR 86.131-96 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.131-96 Vehicle preparation. (a) For gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles prepare the fuel tank(s) for recording the temperature of the prescribed test fuel, as... optional during the running loss test. If vapor temperature is not measured, fuel tank pressure need not be...

14 CFR 25.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... not one during which component and the engine fluid temperatures would stabilize (in which case... cooling test must be preceded by a period during which the powerplant component and engine fluid temperatures are stabilized with the engines at ground idle. (c) Cooling tests for each stage of flight must be...

Portable Body Temperature Conditioner

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

are homeothermic and require a narrow core body temperature range to maintain normal homeostasis. Currently, the most effective treatments for...for monitoring circulating water and patient body temperature . During breadboard testing the effectiveness of the air coil was found to be...blanket. Bath temperatures were set to 30°C, 15°C, and 10°C respectively. In order to develop a testing procedure for quantifying the effective

40 CFR 60.386 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... The sample volume for each run shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf). The sampling probe and filter... probe and filter temperature slightly above the effluent temperature (up to a maximum filter temperature...

40 CFR 60.386 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... The sample volume for each run shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf). The sampling probe and filter... probe and filter temperature slightly above the effluent temperature (up to a maximum filter temperature...

40 CFR 60.386 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... The sample volume for each run shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf). The sampling probe and filter... probe and filter temperature slightly above the effluent temperature (up to a maximum filter temperature...

40 CFR 60.386 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... The sample volume for each run shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf). The sampling probe and filter... probe and filter temperature slightly above the effluent temperature (up to a maximum filter temperature...

A simple test procedure for evaluating low temperature crack resistance of asphalt concrete.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-11-01

The current means of evaluating the low temperature cracking resistance of HMA relies on extensive test : methods that require assumptions about material behaviors and the use of complicated loading equipment. The purpose : of this study was to devel...

A new thermal conductivity probe for high temperature tests for the characterization of molten salts.

PubMed

Bovesecchi, G; Coppa, P; Pistacchio, S

2018-05-01

A new thermal conductivity probe for high temperature (HT-TCP) has been built and tested. Its design and construction procedure are adapted from the ambient temperature thermal conductivity probe (AT-TCP) due to good performance of the latter device. The construction procedure and the preliminary tests are accurately described. The probe contains a Pt wire as a heater and a type K thermocouple (TC) as a temperature sensor, and its size is so small (0.6 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length) as to guarantee a length to diameter ratio of about 100. Calibration tests with glycerol for temperatures between 0 °C and 60 °C have shown good agreement with literature data, within 3%. Preliminary tests were also carried on a ternary molten salt for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) (18% in mass of NaNO 3 , 52% KNO 3 , and 30% LiNO 3 ) at 120 °C and 150 °C. Obtained results are within λ range of the Hitec ® salt (53% KNO 3 , 7% NaNO 3 , 40% NaNO 2 ). Unfortunately, at the higher temperature tested (200 °C), the viscosity of the salt highly decreases, and free convection starts, making the measurements unreliable.

A new thermal conductivity probe for high temperature tests for the characterization of molten salts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bovesecchi, G.; Coppa, P.; Pistacchio, S.

2018-05-01

A new thermal conductivity probe for high temperature (HT-TCP) has been built and tested. Its design and construction procedure are adapted from the ambient temperature thermal conductivity probe (AT-TCP) due to good performance of the latter device. The construction procedure and the preliminary tests are accurately described. The probe contains a Pt wire as a heater and a type K thermocouple (TC) as a temperature sensor, and its size is so small (0.6 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length) as to guarantee a length to diameter ratio of about 100. Calibration tests with glycerol for temperatures between 0 °C and 60 °C have shown good agreement with literature data, within 3%. Preliminary tests were also carried on a ternary molten salt for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) (18% in mass of NaNO3, 52% KNO3, and 30% LiNO3) at 120 °C and 150 °C. Obtained results are within λ range of the Hitec® salt (53% KNO3, 7% NaNO3, 40% NaNO2). Unfortunately, at the higher temperature tested (200 °C), the viscosity of the salt highly decreases, and free convection starts, making the measurements unreliable.

40 CFR 1066.831 - Exhaust emission test procedures for aggressive driving.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... has not remained in an area where ambient temperatures were within the range specified for testing since the previous FTP or HFET. (2) Keep ambient temperatures within the ranges specified for test... the driving schedules specified in this paragraph (b)(3)(ii). You may ask us to use a particular...

Contact integrity testing of stress-tested silicon terrestrial solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prince, J. L.; Lathrop, J. W.; Witter, G. W.

1980-01-01

A test procedure was developed and applied to terrestrial silicon solar cells in order to determine the effect of accelerated environmental and time-temperature aging on metal contact integrity. Quantities of cells of four different manufacturers were given the contact integrity test after being subjected to accelerated stress tests that included forward bias-temperature, thermal cycle and thermal shock, power cycle, and bias-temperature humidity tests at two temperature-humidity levels. Significant effects due to certain stress tests were found for some cell types. It is concluded that cells fabricated using plated nickel/solder metallization showed significantly more serious contact integrity degradation than silver-metallized cells.

An investigation of a low-variability tire treadwear test procedure and of treadwear adjustment for ambient temperature. Volume 3 : appendices F, G, H, I, J and K, analytical files

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

This volume is the second part of a two-part appendix to the report on a low variability : tire treadwear procedure and treadwear adjustment for ambient : temperature. This volume contains Appendices F through K, covering the fundamental : statistica...

40 CFR 1066.950 - Fuel temperature profile.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fuel temperature profile. 1066.950 Section 1066.950 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION... Test Procedures for Motor Vehicles § 1066.950 Fuel temperature profile. Develop fuel temperature...

Measuring temperature rise during orthopaedic surgical procedures.

PubMed

Manoogian, Sarah; Lee, Adam K; Widmaier, James C

2016-09-01

A reliable means for measuring temperatures generated during surgical procedures is needed to recommend best practices for inserting fixation devices and minimizing the risk of osteonecrosis. Twenty four screw tests for three surgical procedures were conducted using the four thermocouples in the bone and one thermocouple in the screw. The maximum temperature rise recorded from the thermocouple in the screw (92.7±8.9°C, 158.7±20.9°C, 204.4±35.2°C) was consistently higher than the average temperature rise recorded in the bone (31.8±9.3°C, 44.9±12.4°C, 77.3±12.7°C). The same overall trend between the temperatures that resulted from three screw insertion procedures was recorded with significant statistical analyses using either the thermocouple in the screw or the average of several in-bone thermocouples. Placing a single thermocouple in the bone was determined to have limitations in accurately comparing temperatures from different external fixation screw insertion procedures. Using the preferred measurement techniques, a standard screw with a predrilled hole was found to have the lowest maximum temperatures for the shortest duration compared to the other two insertion procedures. Future studies evaluating bone temperature increase need to use reliable temperature measurements for recommending best practices to surgeons. Copyright © 2016 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Methodology for Surface Soil Moisture and Vegetation Optical Depth Retrieval Using the Microwave Polarization Difference Index

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Owe, Manfred; deJeu, Richard; Walker, Jeffrey; Zukor, Dorothy J. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

A methodology for retrieving surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth from satellite microwave radiometer data is presented. The procedure is tested with historical 6.6 GHz brightness temperature observations from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer over several test sites in Illinois. Results using only nighttime data are presented at this time, due to the greater stability of nighttime surface temperature estimation. The methodology uses a radiative transfer model to solve for surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth simultaneously using a non-linear iterative optimization procedure. It assumes known constant values for the scattering albedo and roughness. Surface temperature is derived by a procedure using high frequency vertically polarized brightness temperatures. The methodology does not require any field observations of soil moisture or canopy biophysical properties for calibration purposes and is totally independent of wavelength. Results compare well with field observations of soil moisture and satellite-derived vegetation index data from optical sensors.

FaceSheet Push-off Tests to Determine Composite Sandwich Toughness at Cryogenic Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gates, Thomas S.; Herring, Helen M.

2001-01-01

A new novel test method, associated analysis, and experimental procedures are developed to investigate the toughness of the facesheet-to-core interface of a sandwich material at cryogenic temperatures. The test method is designed to simulate the failure mode associated with facesheet debonding from high levels of gas pressure in the sandwich core. The effects of specimen orientation are considered, and the results of toughness measurements are presented. Comparisons are made between room and liquid nitrogen (-196 C) test temperatures. It was determined that the test method is insensitive to specimen facesheet orientation and strain energy release rate increases with a decrease in the test temperature.

14 CFR 29.1049 - Hovering cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded; and (b) With maximum continuous power... five minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded. Induction System ...

14 CFR 29.1049 - Hovering cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded; and (b) With maximum continuous power... five minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded. Induction System ...

14 CFR 29.1049 - Hovering cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded; and (b) With maximum continuous power... five minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded. Induction System ...

14 CFR 29.1049 - Hovering cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded; and (b) With maximum continuous power... five minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded. Induction System ...

14 CFR 29.1049 - Hovering cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded; and (b) With maximum continuous power... five minutes after the occurrence of the highest temperature recorded. Induction System ...

40 CFR 86.246-94 - Intermediate temperature testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.246-94 Intermediate...

Creep Laboratory manual

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osgerby, S.; Loveday, M. S.

1992-06-01

A manual for the NPL Creep Laboratory, a collective name given to two testing laboratories, the Uniaxial Creep Laboratory and the Advanced High Temperature Mechanical Testing Laboratory, is presented. The first laboratory is devoted to uniaxial creep testing and houses approximately 50 high sensitivity creep machines including 10 constant stress cam lever machines. The second laboratory houses a low cycle fatigue testing machine of 100 kN capacity driven by a servo-electric actuator, five machines for uniaxial tensile creep testing of engineering ceramics at temperatures up to 1600C, and an electronic creep machine. Details of the operational procedures for carrying out uniaxial creep testing are given. Calibration procedures to be followed in order to comply with the specifications laid down by British standards, and to provide traceability back to the primary standards are described.

40 CFR 600.113-08 - Fuel economy calculations for FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures § 600.113-08 Fuel economy calculations for FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP tests. The Administrator... specific gravity, carbon weight fraction and net heating value of the test fuel must be determined. The FTP...

An investigation of a low-variability tire treadwear test procedure and of treadwear adjustment for ambient temperature. Volume 1 : the test procedures, statistical analyses, and the findings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

The program was conducted to evaluate the variation in tire treadwear rates as : experienced on identical vehicles during the various environmental exposure : conditions of the winter, spring, and summer seasons. The diurnal/nocturnal effect : on the...

40 CFR Appendix A-6 to Part 60 - Test Methods 16 through 18

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... temperatures) are to be used either in addition to, or as a substitute for procedures in a test method... maintaining the probe, filter box, and connections at a temperature of at least 120 °C (248 °F). Moisture is... temperature is above 0 °C (32 °F). Alternatively, moisture may be eliminated by heating the sample line, and...

46 CFR 154.180 - Contiguous hull structure: Welding procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contiguous hull structure: Welding procedure. 154.180... Equipment Hull Structure § 154.180 Contiguous hull structure: Welding procedure. Welding procedure tests for contiguous hull structure designed for a temperature colder than −18 °C (0 °F) must meet § 54.05-15 and...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 173 - Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Rate of Permeation in Plastic Packaging and Receptacles B Appendix B to Part 173 Transportation Other..., App. B Appendix B to Part 173—Procedure for Testing Chemical Compatibility and Rate of Permeation in... °C. (64 °F.) b. Test Method 2: 28 days at a temperature no lower than 50 °C. (122 °F.) c. Test Method...

Prediction of long-term transverse creep compliance in high-temperature IM7/LaRC-RP46 composites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yuan, F.G.; Potter, B.D.

1994-12-31

An experimental study is performed which predicts long-term tensile transverse creep compliance of high-temperature IM7/LaRC-RP46 composites from short-term creep and recovery tests. The short-term tests were conducted for various stress levels at various fixed temperatures. Predictive nonlinear viscoelastic model developed by Schapery and experimental procedure were used to predict the long-term results in terms of master curve extrapolated from short-term tests.

Finite element procedures for time-dependent convection-diffusion-reaction systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tezduyar, T. E.; Park, Y. J.; Deans, H. A.

1988-01-01

New finite element procedures based on the streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin formulations are developed for time-dependent convection-diffusion-reaction equations. These procedures minimize spurious oscillations for convection-dominated and reaction-dominated problems. The results obtained for representative numerical examples are accurate with minimal oscillations. As a special application problem, the single-well chemical tracer test (a procedure for measuring oil remaining in a depleted field) is simulated numerically. The results show the importance of temperature effects on the interpreted value of residual oil saturation from such tests.

Air Force Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Testing of NATO Round Robin Propellant Testing for Development of AOP-4717

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

10 minutes. After this, the furnace was opened and the clamps were tightened to 6 in-lb of torque . At the end of the tests, we examined the specimens...to use a different procedure for tightening the clamps in the frequency sweep tests -- this is explained in the next section...procedure to tighten the clamps. This is described next. First, the test applies different frequencies at a large range of temperatures – from -110 C to 70

77 FR 33106 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedure for Microwave Ovens

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-05

... due to the different masses and shapes of the potatoes. DOE observed, similar to the tests for... consumer use, (2) the repeatability of energy use measurements using different food loads, and (3) consumer... ``normal usage'' and the water temperature rise of 50 degrees Celsius ([deg]C) achieves eating temperature...

Cold Temperature Effects on Speciated VOC Emissions from Modern GDI Light-Duty Vehicles 1

EPA Science Inventory

In this study, speciated VOC emissions were characterized from three modern GDI light-duty vehicles. The vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer housed in a climate-controlled chamber at two temperatures (20 and 72 °F) using the EPA Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and a portio...

Thermal Comfort Testing for Vehicle Operator/Passenger Workspaces (Truck Cabs)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-09

This TOP describes the procedure to quantify the thermal comfort of a truck cab in temperatures as hot and humid as possible. Facilities, instrumentation, health and safety, test conditions, test procedures, data required, and presentation of data will be discussed in this TOP. This TOP will supplement the following TOPs: TOP 1-1-006, TOP 2-2-508, TOP 2-4-001, and TOP 10-1-003.

An Innovative Concept for Testing Rutting Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohseni, Alaeddin; Azari, Haleh

Currently, flow number (FN) is being used for measuring permanent deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures. The provisional AASHTO TP 79-10 test method specifies the requirements of the FN test; however, there are undefined levels of test variables, such as temperature, axial stress, and confinement. Therefore, agreeable FN criteria that can reliably discriminate between various mixtures have not been established yet. As the asphalt industry continues to develop more sophisticated mixtures (Warm Mix, RAP and RAS), the FN value has failed to capture the true complexity of the asphalt mixtures. These shortcomings and the unpredictable testing time of the FN test have affected its usefulness for evaluating high temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. A new test procedure for evaluation of rutting susceptibility of asphalt mixtures is being proposed. The new procedure is conducted at one temperature and multiple stresses on the same replicate in three increments of 500 cycles, which only takes 33 minutes to complete. The property of the test is the permanent strain due to the last cycle of each test increment (Minimum Strain Rate, or MSR). A master curve is developed by plotting the MSR values versus parameter TP, which is a product of Temperature and Pressure. The MSR master curve represents the unit rutting damage (rut per axle) of asphalt mixtures at any stress and temperature and can be used in laboratory for material characterization, mix design verification, ranking of the mixtures, or for pavement design applications to predict rut depth for project climate and design traffic.

A new experimental procedure of outgassing rate measurement to obtain more precise deposition properties of materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyazaki, Eiji; Shimazaki, Kazunori; Numata, Osamu; Waki, Miyuki; Yamanaka, Riyo; Kimoto, Yugo

2016-09-01

Outgassing rate measurement, or dynamic outgassing test, is used to obtain outgassing properties of materials, i.e., Total Mass Loss, "TML," and Collected Volatile Condensed Mass, "CVCM." The properties are used as input parameters for executing contamination analysis, e.g., calculating a prediction of deposition mass on a surface in a spacecraft caused by outgassed substances from contaminant sources onboard. It is likely that results obtained by such calculations are affected by the input parameters. Thus, it is important to get a sufficient experimental data set of outgassing rate measurements for extract good outgassing parameters of materials for calculation. As specified in the standard, ASTM E 1559, TML is measured by a QCM sensor kept at cryogenic temperature; CVCMs are measured at certain temperatures. In the present work, the authors propose a new experimental procedure to obtain more precise VCMs from one run of the current test time with the present equipment. That is, two of four CQCMs in the equipment control the temperature to cool step-by-step during the test run. It is expected that the deposition rate, that is sticking coefficient, with respect to temperature could be discovered. As a result, the sticking coefficient can be obtained directly between -50 and 50 degrees C with 5 degrees C step. It looks like the method could be used as an improved procedure for outgassing rate measurement. The present experiment also specified some issues of the new procedure. It will be considered in future work.

Miniature high temperature plug-type heat flux gauges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liebert, Curt H.

1992-01-01

The objective is to describe continuing efforts to develop methods for measuring surface heat flux, gauge active surface temperature, and heat transfer coefficient quantities. The methodology involves inventing a procedure for fabricating improved plug-type heat flux gauges and also for formulating inverse heat conduction models and calculation procedures. These models and procedures are required for making indirect measurements of these quantities from direct temperature measurements at gauge interior locations. Measurements of these quantities were made in a turbine blade thermal cycling tester (TBT) located at MSFC. The TBT partially simulates the turbopump turbine environment in the Space Shuttle Main Engine. After the TBT test, experiments were performed in an arc lamp to analyze gauge quality.

14 CFR 27.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... during which the temperatures are stabilized. (c) Duration of test. For each stage of flight the tests...; or (3) An operating limitation is reached. [Doc. No. 5074, 29 FR 15695, Nov. 24, 1964, as amended by...

40 CFR 63.1365 - Test methods and initial compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B... establish the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time, and... carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service life...

Influence of test procedures on the thermomechanical properties of a 55NiTi shape memory alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padula, Santo A., II; Gaydosh, Darrell J.; Noebe, Ronald D.; Bigelow, Glen S.; Garg, Anita; Lagoudas, Dimitris; Karaman, Ibrahim; Atli, Kadri C.

2008-03-01

Over the past few decades, binary NiTi shape memory alloys have received attention due to their unique mechanical characteristics, leading to their potential use in low-temperature, solid-state actuator applications. However, prior to using these materials for such applications, the physical response of these systems to mechanical and thermal stimuli must be thoroughly understood and modeled to aid designers in developing SMA-enabled systems. Even though shape memory alloys have been around for almost five decades, very little effort has been made to standardize testing procedures. Although some standards for measuring the transformation temperatures of SMA's are available, no real standards exist for determining the various mechanical and thermomechanical properties that govern the usefulness of these unique materials. Consequently, this study involved testing a 55NiTi alloy using a variety of different test methodologies. All samples tested were taken from the same heat and batch to remove the influence of sample pedigree on the observed results. When the material was tested under constant-stress, thermal-cycle conditions, variations in the characteristic material responses were observed, depending on test methodology. The transformation strain and irreversible strain were impacted more than the transformation temperatures, which only showed an affect with regard to applied external stress. In some cases, test methodology altered the transformation strain by 0.005-0.01mm/mm, which translates into a difference in work output capability of approximately 2 J/cm 3 (290 in•lbf/in 3). These results indicate the need for the development of testing standards so that meaningful data can be generated and successfully incorporated into viable models and hardware. The use of consistent testing procedures is also important when comparing results from one research organization to another. To this end, differences in the observed responses will be presented, contrasted and rationalized, in hopes of eventually developing standardized testing procedures for shape memory alloys.

Influence of Test Procedures on the Thermomechanical Properties of a 55NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Padula, Santo A., II; Gaydosh, Darrell J.; Noebe, Ronald D.; Bigelow, Glen S.; Garg, Anita; Lagoudas, Dimitris; Karaman, Ibrahim; Atli, Kadri C.

2008-01-01

Over the past few decades, binary NiTi shape memory alloys have received attention due to their unique mechanical characteristics, leading to their potential use in low-temperature, solid-state actuator applications. However, prior to using these materials for such applications, the physical response of these systems to mechanical and thermal stimuli must be thoroughly understood and modeled to aid designers in developing SMA-enabled systems. Even though shape memory alloys have been around for almost five decades, very little effort has been made to standardize testing procedures. Although some standards for measuring the transformation temperatures of SMA s are available, no real standards exist for determining the various mechanical and thermomechanical properties that govern the usefulness of these unique materials. Consequently, this study involved testing a 55NiTi alloy using a variety of different test methodologies. All samples tested were taken from the same heat and batch to remove the influence of sample pedigree on the observed results. When the material was tested under constant-stress, thermal-cycle conditions, variations in the characteristic material responses were observed, depending on test methodology. The transformation strain and irreversible strain were impacted more than the transformation temperatures, which only showed an affect with regard to applied external stress. In some cases, test methodology altered the transformation strain by 0.005-0.01mm/mm, which translates into a difference in work output capability of approximately 2 J/cu cm (290 in!lbf/cu in). These results indicate the need for the development of testing standards so that meaningful data can be generated and successfully incorporated into viable models and hardware. The use of consistent testing procedures is also important when comparing results from one research organization to another. To this end, differences in the observed responses will be presented, contrasted and rationalized, in hopes of eventually developing standardized testing procedures for shape memory alloys.

40 CFR 86.208-94 - Dynamometer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.208-94 Dynamometer. (a) For testing that is... the manufacturer, a dynamometer with different characteristics may be used provided cold CO emissions...

40 CFR 86.208-94 - Dynamometer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.208-94 Dynamometer. (a) For testing that is... the manufacturer, a dynamometer with different characteristics may be used provided cold CO emissions...

40 CFR 86.208-94 - Dynamometer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.208-94 Dynamometer. (a) For testing that is... the manufacturer, a dynamometer with different characteristics may be used provided cold CO emissions...

47 CFR 2.1509 - Environmental and duration tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS FCC Procedure for Testing Class A, B and S Emergency... measured over an ambient temperature from −20° to +55 °C at intervals of not more than 10 °C. A period of... oscillator to stabilize at that temperature. Step (3) Measure the carrier frequency in accordance with the...

Temperature effects on particulate emissions from DPF-equipped diesel trucks operating on conventional and biodiesel fuels

EPA Science Inventory

Two diesel trucks equipped with a particulate filter (DPF) were tested at two ambient temperatures (70oF and 20oF), fuels (ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and biodiesel (B20)) and operating loads (a heavy and light weight). The test procedure included three driving cycles, a cold ...

Hydrostatic temperature calculations. [in synoptic meteorology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raymond, William H.

1987-01-01

Comparisons are made between hydrostatically computed temperatures and ambient temperatures associated with nine different data sources, including analyses, forecasts and conventional observations. Five-day averages and the day-to-day variations in the root-mean-square temperature differences are presented. Several different numerical and interpolation procedures are examined. Error correction and a constrained optimum procedure that minimizes ambient minus calculated hydrostatic temperature differences are introduced. Systematic differences between ambient and hydrostatic temperatures are found to be associated with the sinoptic situation. When compared with ambient temperatures, hydrostatic temperatures at 500 mb tend to be too warm at or in front of a trough and too cold behind the trough. In the vertical direction, for the eight-level configuration tested, the average hydrostatic temperatures are too cold at low levels (850, 700 mb) and too warm at upper levels, (300, 250 mb).

Oxygen index tests of thermosetting resins

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilwee, W. J., Jr.; Parker, J. A.; Kourtides, D. A.

1980-01-01

The flammability characteristics of nine thermosetting resins under evaluation for use in aircraft interiors are described. These resins were evaluated using the Oxygen Index (ASTM 2863) testing procedure. The test specimens consisted of both neat resin and glass reinforced resin. When testing glass-reinforced samples it was observed that Oxygen Index values varied inversely with resin content. Oxygen values were also obtained on specimens exposed to temperatures up to 300 C. All specimens experienced a decline in Oxygen Index when tested at an elevated temperature.

COAL SULFUR MEASUREMENTS

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes a new technique for sulfur forms analysis based on low-temperature oxygen plasma ashing. The technique involves analyzing the low-temperature plasma ash by modified ASTM techniques after selectively removing the organic material. The procedure has been tested...

40 CFR 86.1432 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... transient test procedure—(1) CST performed as a stand-alone procedure. For the first CST compliance pathway... cold temperature compliance pathway, the temperature of the fuel prior to its delivery to the fuel tank... operation, or any of the succeeding steps in the CST sequence. (ii) For the cold temperature pathway only...

40 CFR 86.1432 - Vehicle preparation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... transient test procedure—(1) CST performed as a stand-alone procedure. For the first CST compliance pathway... cold temperature compliance pathway, the temperature of the fuel prior to its delivery to the fuel tank... operation, or any of the succeeding steps in the CST sequence. (ii) For the cold temperature pathway only...

Integrated Advance Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Performance Verification Report: EOS AMSU-A1 and AMSU-A2 Receivers Assemblies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

This test report presents the test data of the EOS AMSU-A Flight Model No.1 (FM-1) receiver subsystem. The tests are performed per the Acceptance Test Procedure for the AMSU-A Reseiver Subsystem, AE-26002/6A. The functional performance tests are conducted either at the component or subsystem level. While the component-level tests are performed over the entire operating temperature range predicted by thermal analysis, the subsystem-level test are conducted at ambient temperature only.

New developments on the homogenization of Canadian daily temperature data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vincent, Lucie A.; Wang, Xiaolan L.

2010-05-01

Long-term and homogenized surface air temperature datasets had been prepared for the analysis of climate trends in Canada (Vincent and Gullett 1999). Non-climatic steps due to instruments relocation/changes and changes in observing procedures were identified in the annual mean of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures using a technique based on regression models (Vincent 1998). Monthly adjustments were derived from the regression models and daily adjustments were obtained from an interpolation procedure using the monthly adjustments (Vincent et al. 2002). Recently, new statistical tests have been developed to improve the power of detecting changepoints in climatological data time series. The penalized maximal t (PMT) test (Wang et al. 2007) and the penalized maximal F (PMF) test (Wang 2008b) were developed to take into account the position of each changepoint in order to minimize the effect of unequal and small sample size. A software package RHtestsV3 (Wang and Feng 2009) has also been developed to implement these tests to homogenize climate data series. A recursive procedure was developed to estimate the annual cycle, linear trend, and lag-1 autocorrelation of the base series in tandem, so that the effect of lag-1 autocorrelation is accounted for in the tests. A Quantile Matching (QM) algorithm (Wang 2009) was also developed for adjusting Gaussian daily data so that the empirical distributions of all segments of the detrended series match each other. The RHtestsV3 package was used to prepare a second generation of homogenized temperatures in Canada. Both the PMT test and the PMF test were applied to detect shifts in monthly mean temperature series. Reference series was used in conducting a PMT test. Whenever possible, the main causes of the shifts were retrieved through historical evidence such as the station inspection reports. Finally, the QM algorithm was used to adjust the daily temperature series for the artificial shifts identified from the respective monthly mean series. These procedures were applied to homogenize daily maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at 336 stations across Canada. During the presentation, the procedures will be summarized and their application will be illustrated throughout the provision of selected examples. References Vincent, L.A., X. Zhang, B.R. Bonsal and W.D. Hogg, 2002: Homogenization of daily temperatures over Canada. J. Climate, 15, 1322-1334. Vincent, L.A., and D.W. Gullett, 1999: Canadian historical and homogeneous temperature datasets for climate change analyses. Int. J. Climatol., 19, 1375-1388. Vincent, L.A., 1998: A technique for the identification of inhomogeneities in Canadian temperature series. J. Climate, 11, 1094-1104. Wang, X. L., 2009: A quantile matching adjustment algorithm for Gaussian data series. Climate Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada. 5 pp. [Available online at http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml]. Wang X. L. and Y. Feng, 2009: RHtestsV3 User Manual. Climate Research Division, Atmospheric Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada. 26 pp. [Available online at http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml]. Wang, X. L., 2008a: Accounting for autocorrelation in detecting mean-shifts in climate data series using the penalized maximal t or F test. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 2423-2444. Wang, X. L., 2008b: Penalized maximal F-test for detecting undocumented mean-shifts without trend-change. J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 25 (No. 3), 368-384. DOI:10.1175/2007/JTECHA982.1. Wang, X. L., Q. H. Wen, and Y. Wu, 2007: Penalized maximal t test for detecting undocumented mean change in climate data series. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 46 (No. 6), 916-931. DOI:10.1175/JAM2504.1

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

40 CFR 91.405 - Recorded information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... addition to a pre- and post-test measurement. (4) Recorder chart or equivalent. Identify for each test... each mode, if applicable. (8) Exhaust sample line temperature, if applicable. (e) Test data; post-test...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM MARINE SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES Gaseous Exhaust Test Procedures § 91.405 Recorded...

Advances in Thin Film Thermocouple Durability Under High Temperature and Pressure Testing Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Lisa C.; Fralick, Gustave C.; Taylor, Keith F.

1999-01-01

Thin film thermocouples for measuring material surface temperature have been previously demonstrated on several material systems and in various hostile test environments. A well-developed thin film fabrication procedure utilizing shadow masking for patterning the sensors elements had produced thin films with sufficient durability for applications in high temperature and pressure environments that exist in air-breathing and hydrogen-fueled burner rig and engine test facilities. However, while shadow masking had been a reliable method for specimens with flat and gently curved surfaces, it had not been consistently reliable for use on test components with sharp contours. This work reports on the feasibility of utilizing photolithography processing for patterning thin film thermocouples. Because this patterning process required changes in the thin film deposition process from that developed for shadow masking, the effect of these changes on thin film adherence during burner rig testing was evaluated. In addition to the results of changing the patterning method, the effects on thin film adherence of other processes used in the thin film fabrication procedure is also presented.

Improved techniques for thermomechanical testing in support of deformation modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castelli, Michael G.; Ellis, John R.

1992-01-01

The feasibility of generating precise thermomechanical deformation data to support constitutive model development was investigated. Here, the requirement is for experimental data that is free from anomalies caused by less than ideal equipment and procedures. A series of exploratory tests conducted on Hastelloy X showed that generally accepted techniques for strain controlled tests were lacking in at least three areas. Specifically, problems were encountered with specimen stability, thermal strain compensation, and temperature/mechanical strain phasing. The source of these difficulties was identified and improved thermomechanical testing techniques to correct them were developed. These goals were achieved by developing improved procedures for measuring and controlling thermal gradients and by designing a specimen specifically for thermomechanical testing. In addition, innovative control strategies were developed to correctly proportion and phase the thermal and mechanical components of strain. Subsequently, the improved techniques were used to generate deformation data for Hastelloy X over the temperature range, 200 to 1000 C.

40 CFR 86.134-96 - Running loss test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Running loss test. 86.134-96 Section... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.134-96 Running loss test. (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature urban...

40 CFR 86.134-96 - Running loss test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Running loss test. 86.134-96 Section... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.134-96 Running loss test. (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature urban...

40 CFR 86.134-96 - Running loss test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Running loss test. 86.134-96 Section... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.134-96 Running loss test. (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature urban...

40 CFR 86.134-96 - Running loss test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Running loss test. 86.134-96 Section... Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.134-96 Running loss test. (a) Overview. Gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles are to be tested for running loss emissions during simulated high-temperature urban...

40 CFR 1065.530 - Emission test sequence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to verify that it remains within the pre-test temperature range as specified in § 1065.520(b): (1... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Emission test sequence. 1065.530... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.530...

40 CFR 1065.530 - Emission test sequence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to verify that it remains within the pre-test temperature range as specified in § 1065.520(b): (1... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Emission test sequence. 1065.530... CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Performing an Emission Test Over Specified Duty Cycles § 1065.530...

Thermoviscoelastic characterization and prediction of Kevlar/epoxy composite laminates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gramoll, K. C.; Dillard, D. A.; Brinson, H. F.

1990-01-01

The thermoviscoelastic characterization of Kevlar 49/Fiberite 7714A epoxy composite lamina and the development of a numerical procedure to predict the viscoelastic response of any general laminate constructed from the same material were studied. The four orthotropic material properties, S sub 11, S sub 12, S sub 22, and S sub 66, were characterized by 20 minute static creep tests on unidirectional (0) sub 8, (10) sub 8, and (90) sub 16 lamina specimens. The Time-Temperature Superposition-Principle (TTSP) was used successfully to accelerate the characterization process. A nonlinear constitutive model was developed to describe the stress dependent viscoelastic response for each of the material properties. A numerical procedure to predict long term laminate properties from lamina properties (obtained experimentally) was developed. Numerical instabilities and time constraints associated with viscoelastic numerical techniques were discussed and solved. The numerical procedure was incorporated into a user friendly microcomputer program called Viscoelastic Composite Analysis Program (VCAP), which is available for IBM PC type computers. The program was designed for ease of use. The final phase involved testing actual laminates constructed from the characterized material, Kevlar/epoxy, at various temperatures and load level for 4 to 5 weeks. These results were compared with the VCAP program predictions to verify the testing procedure and to check the numerical procedure used in the program. The actual tests and predictions agreed for all test cases which included 1, 2, 3, and 4 fiber direction laminates.

Development of two tier test to assess conceptual understanding in heat and temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winarti; Cari; Suparmi; Sunarno, Widha; Istiyono, Edi

2017-01-01

Heat and temperature is a concept that has been learnt from primary school to undergraduate levels. One problem about heat and temperature is that they are presented abstractly, theoretical concept. A student conceptual frameworks develop from their daily experiences. The purpose of this research was to develop a two-tier test of heat and temperature concept and measure conceptual understanding of heat and temperature of the student. This study consist of two method is qualitative and quantitative method. The two-tier test was developed using procedures defined by Borg and Gall. The two-tier test consisted of 20 question and was tested for 137 students for collecting data. The result of the study showed that the two-tier test was effective in determining the students’ conceptual understanding and also it might be used as an alternative for assessment and evaluation of students’ achievement

40 CFR 63.5535 - What performance tests and other procedures must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Determine the net heating value of the gas being combusted using the techniques specified in § 63.11(b)(6... condensers, record the outlet (product side) gas or condensed liquid temperature averaged over the same... the temperature sensor in a position that provides a representative temperature. (3) For thermal...

40 CFR 63.5535 - What performance tests and other procedures must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Determine the net heating value of the gas being combusted using the techniques specified in § 63.11(b)(6... condensers, record the outlet (product side) gas or condensed liquid temperature averaged over the same... the temperature sensor in a position that provides a representative temperature. (3) For thermal...

40 CFR 63.1365 - Test methods and initial compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... temperature of 760 °C, the design evaluation must document that these conditions exist. (ii) For a combustion... autoignition temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B...

40 CFR 63.1365 - Test methods and initial compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... temperature of 760 °C, the design evaluation must document that these conditions exist. (ii) For a combustion... autoignition temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B...

40 CFR 63.1365 - Test methods and initial compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... temperature of 760 °C, the design evaluation must document that these conditions exist. (ii) For a combustion... autoignition temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B...

40 CFR 63.1365 - Test methods and initial compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... temperature of 760 °C, the design evaluation must document that these conditions exist. (ii) For a combustion... autoignition temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B...

Conductimetric determination of decomposition of silicate melts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kroeger, C.; Lieck, K.

1986-01-01

A description of a procedure is given to detect decomposition of silicate systems in the liquid state by conductivity measurements. Onset of decomposition can be determined from the temperature curves of resistances measured on two pairs of electrodes, one above the other. Degree of decomposition can be estimated from temperature and concentration dependency of conductivity of phase boundaries. This procedure was tested with systems PbO-B2O3 and PbO-B2O3-SiO2.

Effect of outdoor exposure at ambient and elevated temperatures on fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet in the annealed and the solution treated and aged condition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Phillips, E. P.

1974-01-01

Specimens of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet in the annealed and the solution-treated and aged heat-treatment condition were exposed outdoors at ambient and 560 K (550 F) temperatures to determine the effect of outdoor exposure on fatigue life. Effects of exposure were determined by comparing fatigue lives of exposed specimens to those of unexpected specimens. Two procedures for fatigue testing the exposed specimens were evaluated: (1) fatigue tests conducted outdoors by applying 1200 load cycles per week until failure occurred and (2) conventional fatigue tests (continuous cycling until failure occurred) conducted indoors after outdoor exposure under static load. The exposure period ranged from 9 to 28 months for the outdoor fatigue-test group and was 24 months for the static-load group. All fatigue tests were constant-amplitude bending of specimens containing a drilled hole (stress concentration factor of 1.6). The results of the tests indicate that the fatigue lives of solution-treated and aged specimens were significantly reduced by the outdoor exposure at 560 K but not by the exposure at ambient temperature. Fatigue lives of the annealed specimens were essentially unaffected by the outdoor exposure at either temperature. The two test procedures - outdoor fatigue test and indoor fatigue test after outdoor exposure - led to the same conclusions about exposure effects.

ASTM F739 method for testing the permeation resistance of protective clothing materials: critical analysis with proposed changes in procedure and test-cell design.

PubMed

Anna, D H; Zellers, E T; Sulewski, R

1998-08-01

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Method F739-96 specifies a test-cell design and procedures for measuring the permeation resistance of chemical protective clothing. Among the specifications are open-loop collection stream flow rates of 0.050 to 0.150 L/min for a gaseous medium. At elevated temperatures the test must be maintained within 1 degree C of the set point. This article presents a critical analysis of the effect of the collection stream flow rate on the measured permeation rate and on the temperature uniformity within the test cell. Permeation tests were conducted on four polymeric glove materials with 44 solvents at 25 degrees C. Flow rates > 0.5 L/min were necessary to obtain accurate steady-state permeation rate (SSPR) values in 25 percent of the tests. At the lower flow rates the true SSPR typically was underestimated by a factor of two or less, but errors of up to 33-fold were observed. No clear relationship could be established between the need for a higher collection stream flow rate and either the vapor pressure or the permeation rate of the solvent, but test results suggest that poor mixing within the collection chamber was a contributing factor. Temperature gradients between the challenge and collection chambers and between the bottom and the top of the collection chamber increased with the water-bath temperature and the collection stream flow rate. Use of a test cell modified to permit deeper submersion reduced the gradients to < or = 0.5 degrees C. It is recommended that all SSPR measurements include verification of the adequacy of the collection stream flow rate. For testing at nonambient temperatures, the modified test cell described here could be used to ensure temperature uniformity throughout the cell.

Lightning arrestor connector lead magnesium niobate qualification pellet test procedures.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tuohig, W.; Mahoney, Patrick A.; Tuttle, Bruce Andrew

2009-02-01

Enhanced knowledge preservation for DOE DP technical component activities has recently received much attention. As part of this recent knowledge preservation effort, improved documentation of the sample preparation and electrical testing procedures for lead magnesium niobate--lead titanate (PMN/PT) qualification pellets was completed. The qualification pellets are fabricated from the same parent powders used to produce PMN/PT lightning arrestor connector (LAC) granules at HWF&T. In our report, the procedures for fired pellet surface preparation, electrode deposition, electrical testing and data recording are described. The dielectric measurements described in our report are an information only test. Technical reasons for selecting the electrodemore » material, electrode size and geometry are presented. The electrical testing is based on measuring the dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the pellet during cooling from 280 C to 220 C. The most important data are the temperature for which the peak dielectric constant occurs (Curie Point temperature) and the peak dielectric constant magnitude. We determined that the peak dielectric constant for our procedure would be that measured at 1 kHz at the Curie Point. Both the peak dielectric constant and the Curie point parameters provide semi-quantitative information concerning the chemical and microstructural homogeneity of the parent material used for the production of PMN/PT granules for LACs. Finally, we have proposed flag limits for the dielectric data for the pellets. Specifically, if the temperature of the peak dielectric constant falls outside the range of 250 C {+-} 30 C we propose that a flag limit be imposed that will initiate communication between production agency and design agency personnel. If the peak dielectric constant measured falls outside the range 25,000 {+-} 10,000 we also propose that a flag limit be imposed.« less

Porcelain Enamel Material Testing Procedures to Determine the Damping Properties and the Results of Selected Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

AFWAL-TR-80-41 16 a N0946 6 6 PORCELAIN ENAMEL MATERIAL TESTING PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE THE DAMPINGi l PROPERTIES AND THE RESULTS OF ,= SELECTED...15..DECLASSI FtCATION/ DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE N.A(U~~~~ ~N A. 7~ ~&:’? 16 . DISThmBUTTUSTATEMENT (o1 this Report) Approved for public release...Damping Fixture 15 Number One 6 High Temperature Enamels Damping Fixture 16 Number Two 7 Schematic of the Enamels Testing Furnace Showing 18 the

Laboratory testing of a saliva-alcohol test device by Enzymatics, Inc.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1992-12-01

This study examined the accuracy of a new saliva-alcohol test device (Enzymatics, Inc. "Q.E.D.-A150") at nine different blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) under three temperature conditions. However, it did not assess the saliva collection procedure...

Detection of antistripping additives with quick bottle test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

Several variations of the quick bottle test were evaluated to determine the procedure having the best repeatability. Naphtha was selected over kerosene and white gas as the solvent for use in the test, and room temperature was selected over 140F as...

Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation for High-Ambient Temperature Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Mini-Split Air Conditioners

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abdelaziz, Omar; Munk, Jeffrey D.; Shrestha, Som S.

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High-Ambient Temperature Testing Program for Low-GWP Refrigerants aims to develop an understanding of the performance of low-Global Warming Potential (low-GWP) alternatives to Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants in mini-split air conditioners under high ambient temperature conditions. This interim working paper describes the parties involved, the alternative refrigerants selection process, the test procedures, and the preliminary results.

Multiple Hollow Cathode Wear Testing for the Space Station Plasma Contactor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soulas, George C.

1994-01-01

A wear test of four hollow cathodes was conducted to resolve issues associated with the Space Station plasma contactor. The objectives of this test were to evaluate unit-to-unit dispersions, verify the transportability of contamination control protocols developed by the project, and to evaluate cathode contamination control and activation procedures to enable simplification of the gas feed system and heater power processor. These objectives were achieved by wear testing four cathodes concurrently to 2000 hours. Test results showed maximum unit-to-unit deviations for discharge voltages and cathode tip temperatures to be +/-3 percent and +/-2 percent, respectively, of the nominal values. Cathodes utilizing contamination control procedures known to increase cathode lifetime showed no trends in their monitored parameters that would indicate a possible failure, demonstrating that contamination control procedures had been successfully transferred. Comparisons of cathodes utilizing and not utilizing a purifier or simplified activation procedure showed similar behavior during wear testing and pre- and post-test performance characterizations. This behavior indicates that use of simplified cathode systems and procedures is consistent with long cathode lifetimes.

40 CFR 86.1111-87 - Test procedures for PCA testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... applicable: (i) The manufacturer may use gasoline test fuel meeting the specifications of paragraph (a) of § 86.113 for mileage accumulation. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those specified... the temperature of the test fuel at other than the approximate midvolume of the fuel tank, as...

40 CFR 86.1111-87 - Test procedures for PCA testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... may use gasoline test fuel meeting the specifications of paragraph (a) of § 86.113 for mileage accumulation. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those specified in this section only with advance approval of the Administrator. (ii) The manufacturer may measure the temperature of the test fuel...

40 CFR 86.1111-87 - Test procedures for PCA testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... applicable: (i) The manufacturer may use gasoline test fuel meeting the specifications of paragraph (a) of § 86.113 for mileage accumulation. Otherwise, the manufacturer may use fuels other than those specified... the temperature of the test fuel at other than the approximate midvolume of the fuel tank, as...

40 CFR 86.004-21 - Application for certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... compliance with the limit(s) as described in §§ 86.090-2 and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i). (ii) NO X and NO X plus NMHC... volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative and... temperature profile for the running loss test, according to the procedures specified in § 86.129-94(d). (c)-(j...

40 CFR 86.004-21 - Application for certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compliance with the limit(s) as described in §§ 86.090-2 and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i). (ii) NO X and NO X plus NMHC... volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative and... temperature profile for the running loss test, according to the procedures specified in § 86.129-94(d). (c)-(j...

40 CFR 86.004-21 - Application for certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance with the limit(s) as described in §§ 86.090-2 and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i). (ii) NO X and NO X plus NMHC... volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative and... temperature profile for the running loss test, according to the procedures specified in § 86.129-94(d). (c)-(j...

40 CFR 86.004-21 - Application for certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... compliance with the limit(s) as described in §§ 86.090-2 and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i). (ii) NO X and NO X plus NMHC... volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative and... temperature profile for the running loss test, according to the procedures specified in § 86.129-94(d). (c)-(j...

40 CFR 86.004-21 - Application for certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compliance with the limit(s) as described in §§ 86.090-2 and 86.094-28(b)(5)(i). (ii) NO X and NO X plus NMHC... volume, and fuel temperature profile for the running loss test) for all vehicles in that evaporative and... temperature profile for the running loss test, according to the procedures specified in § 86.129-94(d). (c)-(j...

Thermal well-test method

DOEpatents

Tsang, C.F.; Doughty, C.A.

1984-02-24

A well-test method involving injection of hot (or cold) water into a groundwater aquifer, or injecting cold water into a geothermal reservoir is disclosed. By making temperature measurements at various depths in one or more observation wells, certain properties of the aquifer are determined. These properties, not obtainable from conventional well test procedures, include the permeability anisotropy, and layering in the aquifer, and in-situ thermal properties. The temperature measurements at various depths are obtained from thermistors mounted in the observation wells.

Thermal well-test method

DOEpatents

Tsang, Chin-Fu; Doughty, Christine A.

1985-01-01

A well-test method involving injection of hot (or cold) water into a groundwater aquifer, or injecting cold water into a geothermal reservoir. By making temperature measurements at various depths in one or more observation wells, certain properties of the aquifer are determined. These properties, not obtainable from conventional well test procedures, include the permeability anisotropy, and layering in the aquifer, and in-situ thermal properties. The temperature measurements at various depths are obtained from thermistors mounted in the observation wells.

Extension of similarity test procedures to cooled engine components with insulating ceramic coatings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gladden, H. J.

1980-01-01

Material thermal conductivity was analyzed for its effect on the thermal performance of air cooled gas turbine components, both with and without a ceramic thermal-barrier material, tested at reduced temperatures and pressures. The analysis shows that neglecting the material thermal conductivity can contribute significant errors when metal-wall-temperature test data taken on a turbine vane are extrapolated to engine conditions. This error in metal temperature for an uncoated vane is of opposite sign from that for a ceramic-coated vane. A correction technique is developed for both ceramic-coated and uncoated components.

Modifications of system for elevated temperature tensile testing and stress-strain measurement of metal matrix composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Diaz, J. O.

1985-01-01

Composites consisting of tungsten alloy wires in superalloy matrices are being studied because they offer the potential for increased strength compared to current materials used at temperatures up to at least 1093 C (2000F). Previous research at the NASA Lewis Research Center and at other laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Japan has demonstrated laboratory feasibility for fiber reinforced superalloys (FRS). The data for the mechanical and physical properties used to evaluate candidate materials is limited and a need exists for a more detailed and complete data base. The focus of this work is to develop a test procedure to provide a more complete FRS data base to quantitatively evaluate the composite's potential for component applications. This paper will describe and discuss the equipment and procedures under development to obtain elevated temperature tensile stress-strain, strength and modulus data for the first generation of tungsten fiber reinforced superalloy composite (TFRS) materials. Tensile stress-strain tests are conducted using a constant crosshead speed tensile testing machine and a modified load-strain measuring apparatus. Elevated temperature tensile tests are performed using a resistance wound commercial furnace capable of heating test specimens up to 1093 C (2000 F). Tensile stress-strain data are obtained for hollow tubular stainless steel specimens serving as a prototype for future composite specimens.

Electroforming of a throat nozzle for a combustion facility (NASA Langley Reimbursable Program)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dini, J. W.; Johnson, H. R.

1976-01-01

Special procedures were developed and then utilized for plating nickel over channels of a throat nozzle section of a NASA Langley combustor facility. When tested hydrostatically, the part failed in the stainless-steel substrate and not at the interface between the plating and substrate. The procedures used for plating the part are detailed as are high-temperature property data which show that the part can withstand long-term, high-temperature exposure without suffering degradation of the plated bond.

General Procedure for Protective Cooling and Equipment Evaluations Relative to Heat and Cold Stress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

climatic chamber housing the manikin. The most widely accepted test procedures for the operation of a TM are published by the American Society for...describes measurement of the clo value of a complete clothing ensemble. It requires a TM surface temperature of 35ºC and a climatic chamber controlled...Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin” (1) measures the im of a complete clothing ensemble. It requires a TM surface temperature of 35ºC and a climatic

40 CFR 60.386 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... The sample volume for each run shall be at least 1.70 dscm (60 dscf). The sampling probe and filter... probe and filter temperature slightly above the effluent temperature (up to a maximum filter temperature of 121 °C (250 °F)) in order to prevent water condensation on the filter. (2) Method 9 and the...

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...)(2), or 63.1256(h)(2)(i)(C) with a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a minimum temperature of... temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B) For a...

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...)(2), or 63.1256(h)(2)(i)(C) with a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a minimum temperature of... temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B) For a...

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...)(2), or 63.1256(h)(2)(i)(C) with a minimum residence time of 0.5 seconds and a minimum temperature of... temperature of the organic HAP, must consider the vent stream flow rate, and must establish the design minimum and average temperature in the combustion zone and the combustion zone residence time. (B) For a...

Analysis of lead-acid battery accelerated testing data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clifford, J. E.; Thomas, R. E.

1983-06-01

Battelle conducted an independent review and analysis of the accelerated test procedures and test data obtained by Exide in the 3 year Phase 1 program to develop advanced lead acid batteries for utility load leveling. Of special importance is the extensive data obtained in deep discharge cycling tests on 60 cells at elevated temperatures over a 2-1/2 year period. The principal uncertainty in estimating cell life relates to projecting cycle life data at elevated temperature to the lower operating temperatures. The accelerated positive grid corrosion test involving continuous overcharge at 500C provided some indication of the degree of grid corrosion that might be tolerable before failure. The accelerated positive material shedding test was not examined in any detail. Recommendations are made for additional studies.

Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement and Non-Destructive Testing

PubMed Central

Usamentiaga, Rubèn; Venegas, Pablo; Guerediaga, Jon; Vega, Laura; Molleda, Julio; Bulnes, Francisco G.

2014-01-01

The intensity of the infrared radiation emitted by objects is mainly a function of their temperature. In infrared thermography, this feature is used for multiple purposes: as a health indicator in medical applications, as a sign of malfunction in mechanical and electrical maintenance or as an indicator of heat loss in buildings. This paper presents a review of infrared thermography especially focused on two applications: temperature measurement and non-destructive testing, two of the main fields where infrared thermography-based sensors are used. A general introduction to infrared thermography and the common procedures for temperature measurement and non-destructive testing are presented. Furthermore, developments in these fields and recent advances are reviewed. PMID:25014096

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time; and shall... establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level, adsorption cycle time, number... regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and...

40 CFR 63.1257 - Test methods and compliance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the design minimum and average flame zone temperatures and combustion zone residence time; and shall... establish the design exhaust vent stream organic compound concentration level, adsorption cycle time, number... regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and...

Space Shuttle Main Engine performance analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Santi, L. Michael

1993-01-01

For a number of years, NASA has relied primarily upon periodically updated versions of Rocketdyne's power balance model (PBM) to provide space shuttle main engine (SSME) steady-state performance prediction. A recent computational study indicated that PBM predictions do not satisfy fundamental energy conservation principles. More recently, SSME test results provided by the Technology Test Bed (TTB) program have indicated significant discrepancies between PBM flow and temperature predictions and TTB observations. Results of these investigations have diminished confidence in the predictions provided by PBM, and motivated the development of new computational tools for supporting SSME performance analysis. A multivariate least squares regression algorithm was developed and implemented during this effort in order to efficiently characterize TTB data. This procedure, called the 'gains model,' was used to approximate the variation of SSME performance parameters such as flow rate, pressure, temperature, speed, and assorted hardware characteristics in terms of six assumed independent influences. These six influences were engine power level, mixture ratio, fuel inlet pressure and temperature, and oxidizer inlet pressure and temperature. A BFGS optimization algorithm provided the base procedure for determining regression coefficients for both linear and full quadratic approximations of parameter variation. Statistical information relative to data deviation from regression derived relations was also computed. A new strategy for integrating test data with theoretical performance prediction was also investigated. The current integration procedure employed by PBM treats test data as pristine and adjusts hardware characteristics in a heuristic manner to achieve engine balance. Within PBM, this integration procedure is called 'data reduction.' By contrast, the new data integration procedure, termed 'reconciliation,' uses mathematical optimization techniques, and requires both measurement and balance uncertainty estimates. The reconciler attempts to select operational parameters that minimize the difference between theoretical prediction and observation. Selected values are further constrained to fall within measurement uncertainty limits and to satisfy fundamental physical relations (mass conservation, energy conservation, pressure drop relations, etc.) within uncertainty estimates for all SSME subsystems. The parameter selection problem described above is a traditional nonlinear programming problem. The reconciler employs a mixed penalty method to determine optimum values of SSME operating parameters associated with this problem formulation.

The role of water temperature and laundry procedures in reducing house dust mite populations and allergen content of bedding.

PubMed

McDonald, L G; Tovey, E

1992-10-01

The effects of various laundry procedures on house dust mites and their allergens have been established. All mites were killed by water temperatures 55 degrees C or greater. Killing at lower temperatures was not enhanced by any of the pure detergents or laundry products tested. A cold cycle of laundry washing with or without laundry powder did not remove most live mites from bedding, however, the allergen concentration (Der p I/gm fine dust) was reduced by more than 90%. Dry cleaning did not reduce the allergen concentration of the dust, although most, if not all, mites were killed.

40 CFR 86.201 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). (d) Section 86.213 describes special provisions related to test fuel... Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.201 General applicability. (a) Vehicles are... 600. Perform testing to measure CO and NMHC emissions and determine fuel economy as described in 40...

40 CFR 90.121 - Certification procedure-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engine manufacturer must maintain the following adequately organized records: (1) Copies of all applications filed with the Administrator; (2) A copy of all data obtained through the in-use testing program... of this section. (b) Routine emission test data, such as those reporting test cell temperature and...

40 CFR 90.121 - Certification procedure-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engine manufacturer must maintain the following adequately organized records: (1) Copies of all applications filed with the Administrator; (2) A copy of all data obtained through the in-use testing program... of this section. (b) Routine emission test data, such as those reporting test cell temperature and...

40 CFR 90.121 - Certification procedure-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... engine manufacturer must maintain the following adequately organized records: (1) Copies of all applications filed with the Administrator; (2) A copy of all data obtained through the in-use testing program... of this section. (b) Routine emission test data, such as those reporting test cell temperature and...

40 CFR 90.121 - Certification procedure-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engine manufacturer must maintain the following adequately organized records: (1) Copies of all applications filed with the Administrator; (2) A copy of all data obtained through the in-use testing program... of this section. (b) Routine emission test data, such as those reporting test cell temperature and...

16 CFR 1632.5 - Mattress pad test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....2.2 and 8.2.3 of AATCC Test Method 124-1996, using wash temperature V (60° ±3 °C, 140° ±5 °F... Laundering,” Tumble Dry, using the exhaust temperature (66° ±5 °C, 150° ±10 °F) and cool down time of 10... of their flame resistance. Such labels shall be permanent and otherwise in accordance with rules and...

16 CFR § 1632.5 - Mattress pad test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....2.2 and 8.2.3 of AATCC Test Method 124-1996, using wash temperature V (60° ±3 °C, 140° ±5 °F... Laundering,” Tumble Dry, using the exhaust temperature (66° ±5 °C, 150° ±10 °F) and cool down time of 10... of their flame resistance. Such labels shall be permanent and otherwise in accordance with rules and...

16 CFR 1632.5 - Mattress pad test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....2.2 and 8.2.3 of AATCC Test Method 124-1996, using wash temperature V (60° ±3 °C, 140° ±5 °F... Laundering,” Tumble Dry, using the exhaust temperature (66° ±5 °C, 150° ±10 °F) and cool down time of 10... of their flame resistance. Such labels shall be permanent and otherwise in accordance with rules and...

16 CFR 1632.5 - Mattress pad test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....2.2 and 8.2.3 of AATCC Test Method 124-1996, using wash temperature V (60° ±3 °C, 140° ±5 °F... Laundering,” Tumble Dry, using the exhaust temperature (66° ±5 °C, 150° ±10 °F) and cool down time of 10... of their flame resistance. Such labels shall be permanent and otherwise in accordance with rules and...

40 CFR 86.884-12 - Test run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test Procedure § 86.884-12 Test run. (a) The temperature of the air... may be used, if desired, but no allowance will be made for possible increased smoke emissions because... required to perform the acceleration in the dynamometer cycle for smoke emission tests (§ 86.884-7(a)(2...

40 CFR 86.884-12 - Test run.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Heavy-Duty Engines; Smoke Exhaust Test Procedure § 86.884-12 Test run. (a) The temperature of the air... may be used, if desired, but no allowance will be made for possible increased smoke emissions because... required to perform the acceleration in the dynamometer cycle for smoke emission tests (§ 86.884-7(a)(2...

Detecting Non-Gaussian and Lognormal Characteristics of Temperature and Water Vapor Mixing Ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kliewer, A.; Fletcher, S. J.; Jones, A. S.; Forsythe, J. M.

2017-12-01

Many operational data assimilation and retrieval systems assume that the errors and variables come from a Gaussian distribution. This study builds upon previous results that shows that positive definite variables, specifically water vapor mixing ratio and temperature, can follow a non-Gaussian distribution and moreover a lognormal distribution. Previously, statistical testing procedures which included the Jarque-Bera test, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Chi-squared goodness-of-fit test, and a composite test which incorporated the results of the former tests were employed to determine locations and time spans where atmospheric variables assume a non-Gaussian distribution. These tests are now investigated in a "sliding window" fashion in order to extend the testing procedure to near real-time. The analyzed 1-degree resolution data comes from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Forecast System (GFS) six hour forecast from the 0Z analysis. These results indicate the necessity of a Data Assimilation (DA) system to be able to properly use the lognormally-distributed variables in an appropriate Bayesian analysis that does not assume the variables are Gaussian.

The Effects of Simulated Live-release Walleye Tournaments on Survival and Blood Chemistry

USGS Publications Warehouse

Loomis, John H.; Schramm, Harold L.; Vondracek, Bruce C.; Gerard, Patrick D.; Chizinski, Christopher J.

2013-01-01

We examined the effects of acclimation water temperature,live-well (LW) water temperature,and LW dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on survival of adult WalleyesSander vitreus subjected to simulated tournament conditions (angling,LW confinement,and weigh-in procedures) under controlled laboratory conditions. We tested three acclimation temperatures (12,18,and 24°C),and three LW temperature differentials (ΔT = −4,0,and +4°C) were tested at each acclimation temperature. Survival was monitored after 8 h of LW confinement and during a 5-d retention period in 1,700-L tanks. None of the Walleyes that were acclimated to 24°C and subjected to simulated tournament procedures survived the 5-d retention period; for fish subjected only to simulated angling at 24°C,survival during the 5-d retention period was 29%. Five-day survival was generally over 70% at acclimation temperatures of 12°C and 18°C,and we observed a significant interaction between acclimation temperature and ΔT; survival was greatest in LWs at −4°C ΔT for fish acclimated to 18°C and in LWs at +4°C ΔT for fish acclimated to 12°C. Best survival of Walleyes subjected to the stress of angling and tournament procedures was obtained at temperatures 6–8°C below the optimum temperature for adult Walleyes (i.e.,optimum = 20–22°C). Five-day survival exceeded 70% when LW DO was 5 or 12–15 mg/L (at an acclimation and LW temperature of 18°C),but survival was 0% when DO was 2 mg/L. Anglers may increase survival of Walleyes through careful manipulation of LW temperature and DO when ambient temperature is at or below 18°C,but high mortality of angled and LW-retained Walleyes should be expected when ambient water temperatures are 24°C or greater.

Effects of simulated angler capture and live-release tournaments on walleye survival

USGS Publications Warehouse

Loomis, John H.; Schramm, Harold L.; Vondracek, Bruce C.; Gerard, Patrick D.; Chizinski, Christopher J.

2015-01-01

We examined the effects of acclimation water temperature,live-well (LW) water temperature,and LW dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on survival of adult WalleyesSander vitreus subjected to simulated tournament conditions (angling,LW confinement,and weigh-in procedures) under controlled laboratory conditions. We tested three acclimation temperatures (12,18,and 24°C),and three LW temperature differentials (ΔT = −4,0,and +4°C) were tested at each acclimation temperature. Survival was monitored after 8 h of LW confinement and during a 5-d retention period in 1,700-L tanks. None of the Walleyes that were acclimated to 24°C and subjected to simulated tournament procedures survived the 5-d retention period; for fish subjected only to simulated angling at 24°C,survival during the 5-d retention period was 29%. Five-day survival was generally over 70% at acclimation temperatures of 12°C and 18°C,and we observed a significant interaction between acclimation temperature and ΔT; survival was greatest in LWs at −4°C ΔT for fish acclimated to 18°C and in LWs at +4°C ΔT for fish acclimated to 12°C. Best survival of Walleyes subjected to the stress of angling and tournament procedures was obtained at temperatures 6–8°C below the optimum temperature for adult Walleyes (i.e.,optimum = 20–22°C). Five-day survival exceeded 70% when LW DO was 5 or 12–15 mg/L (at an acclimation and LW temperature of 18°C),but survival was 0% when DO was 2 mg/L. Anglers may increase survival of Walleyes through careful manipulation of LW temperature and DO when ambient temperature is at or below 18°C,but high mortality of angled and LW-retained Walleyes should be expected when ambient water temperatures are 24°C or greater.

An assessment of twilight airglow inversion procedures using atmosphere explorer observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdade, I. C.; Sharp, W. E.

1993-01-01

The aim of this research project was to test and truth some recently developed methods for recovering thermospheric oxygen atom densities and thermospheric temperatures from ground-based observations of the 7320 A O(+)((sup 2)D - (sup 2)P) twilight air glow emission. The research plan was to use twilight observations made by the Visible Airglow Experiment (VAE) on the Atmosphere Explorer 'E' satellite as proxy ground based twilight observations. These observations were to be processed using the twilight inversion procedures, and the recovered oxygen atom densities and thermospheric temperatures were then to be examined to see how they compared with the densities and temperatures that were measured by the Open Source Mass Spectrometer and the Neutral Atmosphere Temperature Experiment on the satellite.

Biofeedback, autogenic training, and progressive relaxation in the treatment of Raynaud's disease: a comparative study.

PubMed Central

Keefe, F J; Surwit, R S; Pilon, R N

1980-01-01

Twenty-one female patients suffering from diagnosed idiopathic Raynaud's Disease were trained to raise digital skin temperature using either autogenic training, progressive muscle relaxation, or a combination of autogenic training and skin temperature feedback. Patients were instructed in the treatment procedures in three one-hour group sessions spaced one week apart. All patients were instructed to practice what they had learned twice a day at home. Patients kept records of the frequency of vasospastic attacks occurring over a four-week baseline period, and during the first four weeks and the ninth week of training. In addition, patients underwent four laboratory cold stress tests during which they were instructed to maintain digital temperature as the ambient temperature was slowly dropped from 26 degrees to 17 degrees C. Cold stress tests were given during week 1 of baseline and during weeks 1, 3, and 5 of training. No significant differences between the three behavioral treatment procedures were obtained. In addition, the ability of patients to maintain digital temperature during the cold stress challenge showed significant improvement from the first to the last tests. Symptomatic improvement was maintained by all patients nine weeks after the start of training. The implications of these findings for the behavioral treatment of Raynaud's Disease are discussed. PMID:6988380

A simple test procedure for evaluating low temperature crack resistance of asphalt concrete : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

Low temperature cracking is one of the major : distress modes in asphalt pavement and is : disastrous to pavement performance and service : life. A poor riding surface leads to an increase in : maintenance and eventual early replacement of : the pave...

40 CFR 1065.120 - Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure. 1065.120 Section 1065.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Equipment Specifications § 1065.120 Fuel...

40 CFR 1065.120 - Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure. 1065.120 Section 1065.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Equipment Specifications § 1065.120 Fuel...

40 CFR 1065.120 - Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure. 1065.120 Section 1065.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Equipment Specifications § 1065.120 Fuel...

40 CFR 1065.120 - Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure. 1065.120 Section 1065.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Equipment Specifications § 1065.120 Fuel...

40 CFR 1065.120 - Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure. 1065.120 Section 1065.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES Equipment Specifications § 1065.120 Fuel...

40 CFR 1042.515 - Test procedures related to not-to-exceed standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... altitudes up to 1,100 feet above sea level. (2) Ambient air temperature must be between 13 and 35 °C (or... the engine). (3) Ambient water temperature must be between 5 and 27 °C. (4) Ambient humidity must be... operating temperatures. For example, this would include only engine operation after starting and after the...

Methodological Issues in Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Malassezia pachydermatis

PubMed Central

Peano, Andrea; Pasquetti, Mario; Tizzani, Paolo; Chiavassa, Elisa; Guillot, Jacques; Johnson, Elizabeth

2017-01-01

Reference methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts have been developed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). These methods are intended to test the main pathogenic yeasts that cause invasive infections, namely Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans, while testing other yeast species introduces several additional problems in standardization not addressed by these reference procedures. As a consequence, a number of procedures have been employed in the literature to test the antifungal susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis. This has resulted in conflicting results. The aim of the present study is to review the procedures and the technical parameters (growth media, inoculum preparation, temperature and length of incubation, method of reading) employed for susceptibility testing of M. pachydermatis, and when possible, to propose recommendations for or against their use. Such information may be useful for the future development of a reference assay. PMID:29371554

40 CFR 86.213 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213 Fuel specifications. (a) Gasoline. Use a gasoline test fuel with ethanol (low-level blend only) or without ethanol as follows: (1) You must certify using service accumulation fuel and E10 test fuel as specified in § 86.113 for any vehicles required to...

Water Quality: A Field-Based Quality Testing Program for Middle Schools and High Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massachusetts State Water Resources Authority, Boston.

This manual contains background information, lesson ideas, procedures, data collection and reporting forms, suggestions for interpreting results, and extension activities to complement a water quality field testing program. Information on testing water temperature, water pH, dissolved oxygen content, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates, total…

Vitreous humor thermodynamics during phacoemulsification.

PubMed

Salcedo-Villanueva, Guillermo; Kon-Jara, Veronica; Harasawa, Mariana; Cervantes-Coste, Guadalupe; Ochoa-Contreras, Daniel; Morales-Cantón, Virgilio; Guerrero-Naranjo, José Luis; Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo; Landers, Maurice B

2015-08-01

The purpose of this study is to determine baseline vitreous humor temperature during a combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) procedure; to determine what is the temperature variation during phacoemulsification; and to compare vitreous temperature to sublingual temperature. The methods used are prospective, interventional and comparative study. Patients with a diagnosis of cataract and vitreous hemorrhage, programed for a combined procedure of phacoemulsification and PPV, were included. Patients were excluded if posterior capsular rupture existed during the anterior segment procedure. A thermoprobe was inserted through a PPV trocar. Measurement of the vitreous temperature was obtained at baseline and throughout phacoemulsification, at the end of every surgical step, and every 5 min. Sublingual temperature was measured with the same probe at the end of the surgery. Room temperature was registered. Seventeen eyes of 17 patients were included. Mean sublingual temperature was 36.5 °C (standard deviation [σ] 0.26 °C). Mean total vitreous temperature was 31.47 °C (σ 2.1 °C). Mean baseline vitreous temperature was 33.04 °C (σ 0.99 °C). Comparison of sublingual temperature with baseline vitreous temperature resulted in a significant difference (t test P < 0.000. 95 % confidence interval 2.93-3.98). Temperature measured by surgical step and surgical time presented a significant decrease in temperature from baseline (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.000, P = 0.003, respectively). Vitreous humor is significantly hypothermic when compared to sublingual temperature. Vitreous temperature decreases significantly during phacoemulsification.

Effect of Heat-Pressing Temperature and Holding Time on the Microstructure and Flexural Strength of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics

PubMed Central

Gao, Jing; Wang, Hui; Chen, Jihua

2015-01-01

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of various heat-pressing procedures (different holding time and heat pressing temperature) on the microstructure and flexural strength of lithium disilicate glass ceramic. An experimental lithium silicate glass ceramic (ELDC) was prepared from the SiO2-Li2O-K2O-Al2O3-ZrO2-P2O5 system and heat-pressed following different procedures by varying temperature and holding time. The flexural strength was tested and microstructure was analyzed. The relationships between the microstructure, mechanical properties and heat-pressing procedures were discussed in-depth. Results verified the feasibility of the application of dental heat-pressing technique in processing the experimental lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Different heat-pressing procedures showed significant influence on microstructure and flexural strength. ELDC heat-pressed at 950℃ with holding time of 15 min achieved an almost pore-free microstructure and the highest flexural strength, which was suitable for dental restorative application. PMID:25985206

Thermoelastic analysis of solar cell arrays and their material properties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salama, M. A.; Rowe, W. M.; Yasui, R. K.

1973-01-01

A thermoelastic stress analysis procedure is reported for predicting the thermally induced stresses and failures in silicon solar cell arrays. A prerequisite for the analysis is the characterization of the temperature-dependent thermal and mechanical properties of the solar cell materials. Extensive material property testing was carried out in the temperature range -200 to +200 C for the filter glass, P- and N-type silicon, interconnector metals, solder, and several candidate silicone rubber adhesives. The analysis procedure is applied to several solar cell array design configurations. Results of the analysis indicate the optimum design configuration, with respect to compatible materials, effect of the solder coating, and effect of the interconnector geometry. Good agreement was found between results of the analysis and the test program.

40 CFR 63.490 - Batch front-end process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... temperature is 20 °C. Cj = Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of...) (kg/gm) (min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj = Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or...

40 CFR 63.490 - Batch front-end process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... temperature is 20 °C. Cj = Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of...) (kg/gm) (min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj = Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or...

40 CFR 63.490 - Batch front-end process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... temperature is 20 °C. Cj = Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of...) (kg/gm) (min/hr), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj = Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or...

78 FR 41609 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Refrigerators...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

.... Incomplete Cycling 6. Mechanical Temperature Controls 7. Ambient Temperature Gradient 8. Definitions.... at 29846-29847. A broad group of stakeholders \\1\\ submitted a joint comment supporting DOE's proposal... for variable defrost control (a control type in which the time interval between successive defrost...

Effect of Hydraulic Pressure on Warm Hydro Mechanical Deep Drawing of Magnesium Alloy Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Wei; Wu, Linzhi; Yuan, Shijian

The uniaxial tensile test and hydraulic bulging test of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were applied to study the influence of temperature on the material properties and obtain the forming limit curves at different temperatures. Numerical simulations of warm hydro mechanical deep drawing were carried out to investigate the effect of hydraulic pressure on the formability of a cylindrical cup, and the simplified hydraulic pressure profiles were used to simulate the loading procedure of hydraulic pressure. The optimal hydraulic pressure at different temperatures were given and verified by experimental studies at temperature 100°C and 170V.

40 CFR 63.1512 - Performance test/compliance demonstration requirements and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operator must conduct a performance test to measure THC and D/F emissions at the outlet of the control.../decoating kiln. The owner or operator must conduct performance tests to measure emissions of THC, D/F, HCl... operating temperature of each afterburner every 15 minutes during the THC and D/F performance tests; (ii...

40 CFR 63.1512 - Performance test/compliance demonstration requirements and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... operator must conduct a performance test to measure THC and D/F emissions at the outlet of the control.../decoating kiln. The owner or operator must conduct performance tests to measure emissions of THC, D/F, HCl... operating temperature of each afterburner every 15 minutes during the THC and D/F performance tests; (ii...

40 CFR 1060.521 - How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How do I test fuel caps for permeation... EQUIPMENT Test Procedures § 1060.521 How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions? If you measure a fuel.... However, you may not combine these emission measurements if you test the fuel cap at a nominal temperature...

40 CFR 1060.521 - How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How do I test fuel caps for permeation... EQUIPMENT Test Procedures § 1060.521 How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions? If you measure a fuel.... However, you may not combine these emission measurements if you test the fuel cap at a nominal temperature...

40 CFR 1060.521 - How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How do I test fuel caps for permeation... EQUIPMENT Test Procedures § 1060.521 How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions? If you measure a fuel.... However, you may not combine these emission measurements if you test the fuel cap at a nominal temperature...

40 CFR 1060.521 - How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How do I test fuel caps for permeation... EQUIPMENT Test Procedures § 1060.521 How do I test fuel caps for permeation emissions? If you measure a fuel.... However, you may not combine these emission measurements if you test the fuel cap at a nominal temperature...

Largo hot water system long range thermal performance test report, addendum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The test procedure used and the test results obtained during the long range thermal performance tests of the LARGO Solar Hot Water System under natural environmental conditions are presented. Objectives of these tests were to determine the amount of energy collected, the amount of power required for system operation, system efficiency, temperature distribution, and system performance degradation.

Videometric Applications in Wind Tunnels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burner, A. W.; Radeztsky, R. H.; Liu, Tian-Shu

1997-01-01

Videometric measurements in wind tunnels can be very challenging due to the limited optical access, model dynamics, optical path variability during testing, large range of temperature and pressure, hostile environment, and the requirements for high productivity and large amounts of data on a daily basis. Other complications for wind tunnel testing include the model support mechanism and stringent surface finish requirements for the models in order to maintain aerodynamic fidelity. For these reasons nontraditional photogrammetric techniques and procedures sometimes must be employed. In this paper several such applications are discussed for wind tunnels which include test conditions with Mach number from low speed to hypersonic, pressures from less than an atmosphere to nearly seven atmospheres, and temperatures from cryogenic to above room temperature. Several of the wind tunnel facilities are continuous flow while one is a short duration blowdown facility. Videometric techniques and calibration procedures developed to measure angle of attack, the change in wing twist and bending induced by aerodynamic load, and the effects of varying model injection rates are described. Some advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are given and comparisons are made with non-optical and more traditional video photogrammetric techniques.

Compensating for environmental variability in the thermal inertia approach to remote sensing of soil moisture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Idso, S. B.; Jackson, R. D.; Reginato, R. J.

1976-01-01

A procedure is developed for removing data scatter in the thermal-inertia approach to remote sensing of soil moisture which arises from environmental variability in time and space. It entails the utilization of nearby National Weather Service air temperature measurements to normalize measured diurnal surface temperature variations to what they would have been for a day of standard diurnal air temperature variation, arbitrarily assigned to be 18 C. Tests of the procedure's basic premise on a bare loam soil and a crop of alfalfa indicate it to be conceptually sound. It is possible that the technique could also be useful in other thermal-inertia applications, such as lithographic mapping.

Thermoelastic vibration test techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kehoe, Michael W.; Snyder, H. Todd

1991-01-01

The structural integrity of proposed high speed aircraft can be seriously affected by the extremely high surface temperatures and large temperature gradients throughout the vehicle's structure. Variations in the structure's elastic characteristics as a result of thermal effects can be observed by changes in vibration frequency, damping, and mode shape. Analysis codes that predict these changes must be correlated and verified with experimental data. The experimental modal test techniques and procedures used to conduct uniform, nonuniform, and transient thermoelastic vibration tests are presented. Experimental setup and elevated temperature instrumentation considerations are also discussed. Modal data for a 12 by 50 inch aluminum plate heated to a temperature of 475 F are presented. These data show the effect of heat on the plate's modal characteristics. The results indicated that frequency decreased, damping increased, and mode shape remained unchanged as the temperature of the plate was increased.

Development of a thermal and structural analysis procedure for cooled radial turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, Ganesh N.; Deanna, Russell G.

1988-01-01

A procedure for computing the rotor temperature and stress distributions in a cooled radial turbine is considered. Existing codes for modeling the external mainstream flow and the internal cooling flow are used to compute boundary conditions for the heat transfer and stress analyses. An inviscid, quasi three-dimensional code computes the external free stream velocity. The external velocity is then used in a boundary layer analysis to compute the external heat transfer coefficients. Coolant temperatures are computed by a viscous one-dimensional internal flow code for the momentum and energy equation. These boundary conditions are input to a three-dimensional heat conduction code for calculation of rotor temperatures. The rotor stress distribution may be determined for the given thermal, pressure and centrifugal loading. The procedure is applied to a cooled radial turbine which will be tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Representative results from this case are included.

Development of a thermal and structural analysis procedure for cooled radial turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kumar, Ganesh N.; Deanna, Russell G.

1988-01-01

A procedure for computing the rotor temperature and stress distributions in a cooled radial turbine are considered. Existing codes for modeling the external mainstream flow and the internal cooling flow are used to compute boundary conditions for the heat transfer and stress analysis. The inviscid, quasi three dimensional code computes the external free stream velocity. The external velocity is then used in a boundary layer analysis to compute the external heat transfer coefficients. Coolant temperatures are computed by a viscous three dimensional internal flow cade for the momentum and energy equation. These boundary conditions are input to a three dimensional heat conduction code for the calculation of rotor temperatures. The rotor stress distribution may be determined for the given thermal, pressure and centrifugal loading. The procedure is applied to a cooled radial turbine which will be tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center. Representative results are given.

Iron oxide nanoparticles supported on ultradispersed diamond powders: Effect of the preparation procedure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimitrov, Momtchil; Ivanova, Ljubomira; Paneva, Daniela; Tsoncheva, Tanya; Stavrev, Stavry; Mitov, Ivan; Minchev, Christo

2009-01-01

The state of the iron oxide nanoparticles, supported on ultradispersed diamond (UDD) powders is studied by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction, FTIR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Methanol decomposition to hydrogen and CO is used as a catalytic test. The peculiarities of the iron oxide species strongly depend on the detonation procedure used for the UDD powders preparation as well as on the iron modification procedure.

Reactor for simulation and acceleration of solar ultraviolet damage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laue, E.; Gupta, A.

1979-01-01

An environmental test chamber providing acceleration of UV radiation and precise temperature control (+ or -)1 C was designed, constructed and tested. This chamber allows acceleration of solar ultraviolet up to 30 suns while maintaining temperature of the absorbing surface at 30 C - 60 C. This test chamber utilizes a filtered medium pressure mercury arc as the source of radiation, and a combination of selenium radiometer and silicon radiometer to monitor solar ultraviolet (295-340 nm) and total radiant power output, respectively. Details of design and construction and operational procedures are presented along with typical test data.

Studies of thermionic materials for space power applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

Service life tests of LC-8 and LC-9 carbide-fueled thermionic converters are discussed. Post operational tests of the converters to show emitter diametric change, microstructures of cladding and fuel, and analysis of fuel composition are described. The fabrication and performance of high temperature thermocouples used in the test procedures are included.

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE LATTICE TEST REACTOR PROJECT CAH-100

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ballard, D.L.; Brown, W.W.; Harrison, C.W.

Design and construction specifications to be followed in the development of the reactor, its associated systems and experimental facilities, and the housing and required services for the facility are presented. The testing procedures to be used are outlined. (D.C.W.)

Design/Analysis of the JWST ISIM Bonded Joints for Survivability at Cryogenic Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartoszyk, Andrew; Johnston, John; Kaprielian, Charles; Kuhn, Jonathan; Kunt, Cengiz; Rodini, Benjamin; Young, Daniel

2005-01-01

Contents include the following: JWST/ISIM introduction. Design and analysis challenges for ISIM bonded joints. JWST/ISIM joint designs. Bonded joint analysis. Finite element modeling. Failure criteria and margin calculation. Analysis/test correlation procedure. Example of test data and analysis.

16 CFR § 1633.7 - Mattress test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of oxygen consumption calorimetry. The calibration should follow generally accepted practices for... conditions shall be maintained at a temperature greater than 15 °C (59 °F) and less than 27 °C (80.6 °F) and... it with a suitable layer of high temperature insulation to protect the equipment. Both copper tubes...

14 CFR 25.1045 - Cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... not one during which component and the engine fluid temperatures would stabilize (in which case... investigated in order to allow temperatures to reach their natural levels at the time of entry). The takeoff... reaches an altitude of 1,500 feet above the takeoff surface or reaches a point in the takeoff where the...

Birch pollinosis and atopy caused by apple, peach, and hazelnut; comparison of three extraction procedures with two apple strains.

PubMed

de Groot, H; de Jong, N W; Vuijk, M H; Gerth van Wijk, R

1996-10-01

This study aimed, first, to study the prevalence in The Netherlands of atopy caused by apple, peach, and hazelnut in patients with tree pollinosis, and, second, to compare three extraction procedures for skin prick testing with two different apple strains. Skin prick tests and RAST were performed on 79 consecutive patients with tree pollinosis, visiting the department of allergology during spring 1995. In skin prick tests, we used three different extracts (juice, freeze-dried extract, and low-temperature acetone powder extract) of two apple strains, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith. Case histories for apple, peach, and hazelnut were positive in 35 (44.3%), 23 (29%), and 35 (44.3%) patients, respectively. More than two-thirds of the patients had symptoms characteristic of oral allergy syndrome. Skin prick tests for apple, peach, and hazelnut were positive in 51 (64.6%), 61 (77.2%), and 71 (89.9%) patients, respectively. Granny Smith showed more positive skin reactions and a better agreement with clinical history than Golden Delicious, and juice was superior to the two other extraction procedures for both apple strains. RAST for apple, peach, and hazelnut was positive in 53 (68.8%), 13 (16.9%), and 31 (40.3%) patients, respectively. Concordance between skin prick test and case history was found in 77%, 52%, and 54%, for apple, peach, and hazelnut, respectively. We found a high percentage of concurrence of clinical allergy to birch pollen and apple, peach, and hazelnut, confirmed by both skin prick testing and RAST. Approximately half of these patients had symptoms (especially oral allergy syndrome) after eating these products. We also found an easy extraction procedure (juice extract) suitable for apple skin prick testing, superior even to freeze-dried extraction or the low-temperature acetone powder technique.

Tension-Compression Fatigue Behavior of 2D and 3D Polymer Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-21

temperature calibrations, tests procedures and optical microscopy used in this research. 4.1 Mechanical Testing Equipment A Model 810 MTS servo -hydraulic...Composite Materials”. Oxford University Press , New York, NY, 2nd edition, 1994. 4. F.C. Campbell. “Structural Composite Materials” ASM International...M. “Mechanics of Composite Materials”. CRC Press , second Edition, ISBN-10: 156032712x, July 1998. 13. Ruggles-Wrenn, M. B., D. T. Christensen, A. L

Aircraft rate-of-climb indicators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Daniel P

1939-01-01

The theory of the rate-of-climb indicator is developed in a form adapted for application to the instrument in its present-day form. Compensations for altitude, temperature, and rate of change of temperature are discussed from the designer's standpoint on the basis of this theory. Certain dynamic effects, including instrument lag, and the use of the rate-of-climb indicator as a statoscope are also considered. Modern instruments are described. A laboratory test procedure is outlined and test results are given.

Solar panel acceptance testing using a pulsed solar simulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hershey, T. L.

1977-01-01

Utilizing specific parameters as area of an individual cell, number in series and parallel, and established coefficient of current and voltage temperature dependence, a solar array irradiated with one solar constant at AMO and at ambient temperature can be characterized by a current-voltage curve for different intensities, temperatures, and even different configurations. Calibration techniques include: uniformity in area, depth and time, absolute and transfer irradiance standards, dynamic and functional check out procedures. Typical data are given for individual cell (2x2 cm) to complete flat solar array (5x5 feet) with 2660 cells and on cylindrical test items with up to 10,000 cells. The time and energy saving of such testing techniques are emphasized.

Relative toxicity of pyrolysis products of some foams and fabrics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilado, C. J.

1976-01-01

A limited number of foams and fabrics was evaluated in the course of developing test procedures for determining the relative toxicity of materials. The principal variable studied, heating rate, did not affect the relative ranking of the materials tested. Two pyrolysis test procedures using the same basic approach but employing different sample weights, chamber volumes, laboratory animals, heating rates, and upper temperature limits, resulted in identical rankings of relative toxicity. The data obtained show that modification of conventional flexible polyurethane foams with flame retardants to comply with California upholstered furniture flammability regulations seems to consistently reduce toxicity under pyrolysis conditions.

The accomplishments of lithium target and test facility validation activities in the IFMIF/EVEDA phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arbeiter, Frederik; Baluc, Nadine; Favuzza, Paolo; Gröschel, Friedrich; Heidinger, Roland; Ibarra, Angel; Knaster, Juan; Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Massaut, Vincent; Saverio Nitti, Francesco; Miccichè, Gioacchino; O'hira, Shigeru; Rapisarda, David; Sugimoto, Masayoshi; Wakai, Eiichi; Yokomine, Takehiko

2018-01-01

As part of the engineering validation and engineering design activities (EVEDA) phase for the international fusion materials irradiation facility IFMIF, major elements of a lithium target facility and the test facility were designed, prototyped and validated. For the lithium target facility, the EVEDA lithium test loop was built at JAEA and used to test the stability (waves and long term) of the lithium flow in the target, work out the startup procedures, and test lithium purification and analysis. It was confirmed by experiments in the Lifus 6 plant at ENEA that lithium corrosion on ferritic martensitic steels is acceptably low. Furthermore, complex remote handling procedures for the remote maintenance of the target in the test cell environment were successfully practiced. For the test facility, two variants of a high flux test module were prototyped and tested in helium loops, demonstrating their good capabilities of maintaining the material specimens at the desired temperature with a low temperature spread. Irradiation tests were performed for heated specimen capsules and irradiation instrumentation in the BR2 reactor at SCK-CEN. The small specimen test technique, essential for obtaining material test results with limited irradiation volume, was advanced by evaluating specimen shape and test technique influences.

30 CFR 14.22 - Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts. 14... Technical Requirements § 14.22 Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts. (a) Test procedures. The test... ±0.3 cm) wide, flat at a temperature of 70 ±10 °Fahrenheit (21 ±5 °Centigrade) for at least 24 hours...

30 CFR 14.22 - Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts. 14... Technical Requirements § 14.22 Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts. (a) Test procedures. The test... ±0.3 cm) wide, flat at a temperature of 70 ±10 °Fahrenheit (21 ±5 °Centigrade) for at least 24 hours...

30 CFR 14.22 - Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts. 14... Technical Requirements § 14.22 Test for flame resistance of conveyor belts. (a) Test procedures. The test... ±0.3 cm) wide, flat at a temperature of 70 ±10 °Fahrenheit (21 ±5 °Centigrade) for at least 24 hours...

Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Paint Field System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sprinkle, Danny R.; Obara, Clifford J.; Amer, Tahani R.; Faulcon, Nettie D.; Carmine, Michael T.; Burkett, Cecil G.; Pritchard, Daniel W.; Oglesby, Donald M.

2004-01-01

This report documents the Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Paint Field System that is used to provide global surface pressure and temperature measurements on models tested in Langley wind tunnels. The system was developed and is maintained by Global Surface Measurements Team personnel of the Data Acquisition and Information Management Branch in the Research Facilities Services Competency. Descriptions of the system hardware and software are presented and operational procedures are detailed.

Rapid-Rate Compression Testing of Sheet Materials at High Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bernett, E. C.; Gerberich, W. W.

1961-01-01

This Report describes the test equipment that was developed and the procedures that were used to evaluate structural sheet-material compression properties at preselected constant strain rates and/or loads. Electrical self-resistance was used to achieve a rapid heating rate of 200 F/sec. Four materials were tested at maximum temperatures which ranged from 600 F for the aluminum alloy to 2000 F for the Ni-Cr-Co iron-base alloy. Tests at 0.1, 0.001, and 0.00001 in./in./sec showed that strain rate has a major effect on the measured strength, especially at the high temperatures. The tests, under conditions of constant temperature and constant compression stress, showed that creep deformation can be a critical factor even when the time involved is on the order of a few seconds or less. The theoretical and practical aspects of rapid-rate compression testing are presented, and suggestions are made regarding possible modifications of the equipment which would improve the over-all capabilities.

Your First Chiropractic Visit

MedlinePlus

... to general physical examination procedures such as blood pres- sure, pulse, respiration, and temperature, the examina- tion will include specific orthopedic and neurological tests to assess: • Range of motion of the affected ...

An assessment of three different fire resistance tests for hydraulic fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loftus, J. J.

1981-10-01

The Center for Fire Research at the National Bureau of Standards at the request of the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the Bureau of Mines made an evaluation or assessment of the three different flammability tests used by MSHA for measuring the fire resistance of hydraulic fluids intended for use in underground coal mining operations. The methods described in the Code of Federal Regulations Schedule 30, Part 35, consist of the following: an Autogenous Ignition Temperature Test, a Temperature-Pressure Spray Ignition Test, and a Test to Determine the Effect of Evaporation on the Flammability of Hydraulic Fluids. Recommendations for improvement of the three test procedures are provided.

Temperature distortion generator for turboshaft engine testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klann, G. A.; Barth, R. L.; Biesiadny, T. J.

1984-01-01

The procedures and unique hardware used to conduct an experimental investigation into the response of a small-turboshaft-engine compression system to various hot gas ingestion patterns are presented. The temperature distortion generator described herein uses gaseous hydrogen to create both steady-state and time-variant, or transient, temperature distortion at the engine inlet. The range of transient temperature ramps produced by the distortion generator during the engine tests was from less than 111 deg K/sec (200 deg R/sec) to above 611 deg K/sec (1100 deg R/sec); instantaneous temperatures to 422 deg K (760 deg R) above ambient were generated. The distortion generator was used to document the maximum inlet temperatures and temperature rise rates that the compression system could tolerate before the onset of stall for various circumferential distortions as well as the compressor system response during stall.

Procedure improves line pipe Charpy test interpretation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosenfeld, M.J.

1997-04-14

The Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact test is a method of characterizing a line-pipe material`s notch toughness and resistance to fracture growth. Although CVN testing of line pipe material is routine, test results are sometimes misinterpreted because of specimen size and load rate on actual toughness transition behavior. These effects are readily accounted for by a simple mathematical procedure, offered here, which enables extrapolation of the full-scale transition curve from as little as a single subsize specimen test. This procedure is useful when the toughness transition curve is incomplete or nonexistent. Toughness data may be incomplete because the API 5L toughnessmore » test establishes minimum performance at a single temperature, which does not reveal the full transition curve. Toughness data may be nonexistent because the first requirements for toughness testing of line pipe appeared in the 16th Edition of API 5LX in 1969, and those requirements remain at the option of the purchaser today.« less

An Investigation of the Compatibility of Radiation and Convection Heat Flux Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liebert, Curt H.

1996-01-01

A method for determining time-resolved absorbed surface heat flux and surface temperature in radiation and convection environments is described. The method is useful for verification of aerodynamic, heat transfer and durability models. A practical heat flux gage fabrication procedure and a simple one-dimensional inverse heat conduction model and calculation procedure are incorporated in this method. The model provides an estimate of the temperature and heat flux gradient in the direction of heat transfer through the gage. This paper discusses several successful time-resolved tests of this method in hostile convective heating and cooling environments.

ORNL Interim Progress Report on Hydride Reorientation CIRFT Tests

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Jy-An John; Yan, Yong; Wang, Hong

A systematic study of H. B. Robinson (HBR) high burnup spent nuclear fuel (SNF) vibration integrity was performed in Phase I project under simulated transportation environments, using the Cyclic Integrated Reversible-Bending Fatigue Tester (CIRFT) hot cell testing technology developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 2013–14. The data analysis on the as-irradiated HBR SNF rods demonstrated that the load amplitude is the dominant factor that controls the fatigue life of bending rods. However, previous studies have shown that the hydrogen content and hydride morphology has an important effect on zirconium alloy mechanical properties. To address the effect of radial hydridesmore » in SNF rods, in Phase II a test procedure was developed to simulate the effects of elevated temperatures, pressures, and stresses during transfer-drying operations. Pressurized and sealed fuel segments were heated to the target temperature for a preset hold time and slow-cooled at a controlled rate. The procedure was applied to both non-irradiated/prehydrided and high-burnup Zircaloy-4 fueled cladding segments using the Nuclear Regulatory Commission-recommended 400°C maximum temperature limit at various cooling rates. Before testing high-burnup cladding, four out-of-cell tests were conducted to optimize the hydride reorientation (R) test condition with pre-hydride Zircaloy-4 cladding, which has the same geometry as the high burnup fuel samples. Test HR-HBR#1 was conducted at the maximum hoop stress of 145 MPa, at a 400°C maximum temperature and a 5°C/h cooling rate. On the other hand, thermal cycling was performed for tests HR-HBR#2, HR-HBR#3, and HR-HBR#4 to generate more radial hydrides. It is clear that thermal cycling increases the ratio of the radial hydride to circumferential hydrides. The internal pressure also has a significant effect on the radial hydride morphology. This report describes a procedure and experimental results of the four out-of-cell hydride reorientation tests of hydrided Zircaloy-4 cladding, which served as a guideline to prepare in-cell hydride reorientation samples with high burnup HBR fuel segments. This report also provides the Phase II CIRFT test data for the hydride reorientation irradiated samples. The variations in fatigue life are provided in terms of moment, equivalent stress, curvature, and equivalent strain for the tested SNFs. The CIRFT results appear to indicate that hydride reoriented treatment (HRT) have a negative effect on fatigue life, in addition to hydride reorientation effect. For HR4 specimen that had no pressurization procedure applied, the thermal annealing treatment alone showed a negative impact on the fatigue life compared to the HBR rod.« less

30 CFR 7.67 - Construction test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... § 7.66. (a) Test procedures. (1) The blasting unit shall be dropped 20 times from a height of 3 feet... each time in an attempt to have a different surface, corner, or edge strike the floor first for each... shall be submerged in 1 foot of water for 1 hour in each of 3 tests. The water temperature shall be...

75 FR 6013 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Decision and Order Granting a Waiver to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

... heating exceeds the high-stage compressor capacity for cooling. Finally, the test procedure must account... test method to cover Hallowell's three-capacity compressor. The two (of three potential) active stages... pumps for the heating mode as follows: a. Conduct one Maximum Temperature Test (H0 1 ), two High...

Experimental test program for evaluation of solid lubricant coating as applied to compliant foil gas bearings to 315 deg C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, R. C.

1985-01-01

An experimental apparatus and test procedure was developed to compare the performance of two solid lubricant coatings for air lubricated compliant foil gas bearings in the temperature range of 25 to 315 C. Polyimide bonded additive (SBGC) were tested extensively for durability and frictional characteristics. A partial arc bearing constructed of Inconel X-750 was coated on the bore with one of these coatings. The foil was subjected to repeated start/stop cycles. Performance comparisons reveal that although both coatings survive thousands of start/stop cycles, only the PBGF coated bearing achieves the specified 9000 start/stops. There is enough wear on the SBGC coated bearing to warrant termination of the test prior to 9000 start/stop cycles due to coating failure. The frictional characteristics of the PBGF are better at the elevated temperatures than at lower temperatures; a marked increase in sliding friction occurs as the temperature decreases. The SBGC maintains relatively constant frictional characteristics independent of operating temperature.

40 CFR 63.5994 - How do I conduct tests and procedures for tire production affected sources?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a thermal oxidizer, monitor the firebox secondary chamber temperature. (ii) If you use a carbon... the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration, and within 15 minutes of completing any cooling cycle. (iii) If you use a control device other than a thermal oxidizer or a regenerative carbon adsorber...

40 CFR 63.5994 - How do I conduct tests and procedures for tire production affected sources?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a thermal oxidizer, monitor the firebox secondary chamber temperature. (ii) If you use a carbon... the carbon bed temperature after each regeneration, and within 15 minutes of completing any cooling cycle. (iii) If you use a control device other than a thermal oxidizer or a regenerative carbon adsorber...

Use of strainrange partitioning to predict high temperature low-cycle fatigue life. [of metallic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hirschberg, M. H.; Halford, G. R.

1976-01-01

The fundamental concepts of the strainrange partitioning approach to high temperature, low low-cycle fatigue are reviewed. Procedures are presented by which the partitioned strainrange versus life relationships for any material can be generated. Laboratory tests are suggested for further verifying the ability of the method of strainrange partitioning to predict life.

Cavitation in liquid cryogens. 1: Venturi

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hord, J.; Anderson, L. M.; Hall, W. J.

1972-01-01

The results of continuing cavitation studies are reported. The cavitation characteristics of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen flowing in a transparent plastic Venturi are discussed. Thermodynamic data, consisting of pressure and temperature measurements within fully developed hydrogen cavities, are reported. Details concerning test apparatus, test procedure, and data correlation techniques are given.

40 CFR 86.208-94 - Dynamometer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.208-94 Dynamometer. (a) For testing that is...

40 CFR 86.237-94 - Dynamometer test run, gaseous emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.237-94 Dynamometer...

40 CFR 86.244-94 - Calculations; exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.244-94 Calculations; exhaust.... Should NOX measurements be calculated, note that the humidity correction factor is not valid at colder...

40 CFR 86.244-94 - Calculations; exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.244-94 Calculations; exhaust.... Should NOX measurements be calculated, note that the humidity correction factor is not valid at colder...

40 CFR 86.244-94 - Calculations; exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.244-94 Calculations; exhaust.... Should NOX measurements be calculated, note that the humidity correction factor is not valid at colder...

40 CFR 610.62 - Driveability tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... be conducted at zero device-miles for all vehicles included in the durability fleet, and at approximately zero device-miles at low ambient temperatures (0 °F-20 °F). Driveability evaluation procedures...

Development of an experimental setup for testing the properties of γ/γ' superalloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christophe, Siret; Bernard, Viguier; Claude, Salabura Jean; Eric, Andrieu; Sandrine, Lesterlin

2010-07-01

Certification tests on turboshaft engines for helicopters can expose components as high pressure turbine blades to very high temperature during short time periods. To simulate these complex temperature and mechanical stress loadings and to study dimensional and microstructural stability under severe testing conditions, an experimental set-up has been recently developed. In this paper, we first present this new device and describe its performances. Then, the device is used to study the effect of heating procedure on creep results at 1200°C and rafting during primary creep on the single crystal nickel-based superalloy MC2.

Comparison of photovoltaic cell temperatures in modules operating with exposed and enclosed back surfaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Namkoong, D.; Simon, F. F.

1981-01-01

Four different photovoltaic module designs were tested to determine the cell temperature of each design. The cell temperatures were compared to those obtained on identical design, using the same nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) concept. The results showed that the NOCT procedure does not apply to the enclosed configurations due to continuous transient conditions. The enclosed modules had higher cell temperatures than the open modules, and insulated modules higher than the uninsulated. The severest performance loss - when translated from cell temperatures - 17.5 % for one enclosed, insulated module as a compared to that module mounted openly.

Attachment techniques for high temperature strain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wnuk, Steve P., Jr.

1993-01-01

Attachment methods for making resistive strain measurements to 2500 F were studied. A survey of available strain gages and attachment techniques was made, and the results are compiled for metal and carbon composite test materials. A theoretical analysis of strain transfer into a bonded strain gage was made, and the important physical parameters of the strain transfer medium, the ceramic matrix, were identified. A pull tester to measure pull-out tests on commonly used strain gage cements indicated that all cements tested displayed adequate strength for good strain transfer. Rokide flame sprayed coatings produced significantly stronger bonds than ceramic cements. An in-depth study of the flame spray process produced simplified installation procedures which also resulted in greater reliability and durability. Application procedures incorporating improvements made during this program are appended to the report. Strain gages installed on carbon composites, Rene' 41, 316 stainless steel, and TZM using attachment techniques developed during this program were successfully tested to 2500 F. Photographs of installation techniques, test procedures, and graphs of the test data are included in this report.

Evaluation of the 8310-N-S manufactured by Sutron–Results of bench, temperature, and field deployment testing

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kunkle, Gerald A.

2016-01-07

The Sutron 8310-N-S (8310) data collection platform (DCP) manufactured by Sutron Corporation was evaluated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility (HIF) for conformance to the manufacturer’s specifications for recording and transmitting data. The 8310-N-S is a National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)-enclosed DCP with a built-in Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite transmitter that operates over a temperature range of −40 to 60 degrees Celsius (°C). The evaluation procedures followed and the results obtained are described in this report for bench, temperature chamber, and outdoor deployment testing. The three units tested met the manufacturer’s stated specifications for the tested conditions, but two of the units had transmission errors either during temperature chamber or deployment testing. During outdoor deployment testing, 6.72 percent of transmissions by serial number 1206109 contained errors, resulting in missing data. Transmission errors were also observed during temperature chamber testing with serial number 1208283, at an error rate of 3.22 percent. Overall, the 8310 has good logging capabilities, but the transmission errors are a concern for users who require reliable telemetered data.

A computerized test system for thermal-mechanical fatigue crack growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marchand, N.; Pelloux, R. M.

1986-01-01

A computerized testing system to measure fatigue crack growth under thermal-mechanical fatigue conditions is described. Built around a servohydraulic machine, the system is capable of a push-pull test under stress-controlled or strain-controlled conditions in the temperature range of 25 to 1050 C. Temperature and mechanical strain are independently controlled by the closed-loop system to simulate the complex inservice strain-temperature relationship. A d-c electrical potential method is used to measure crack growth rates. The correction procedure of the potential signal to take into account powerline and RF-induced noises and thermal changes is described. It is shown that the potential drop technique can be used for physical mechanism studies and for modelling crack tip processes.

Proppant flowback control additives

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, P.D.; Weaver, J.D.; Parker, M.A.

1996-12-31

This paper describes the laboratory and field development of thermoplastic film materials used to reduce proppant flowback that can occur after fracturing treatments. The paper provides a summary of flowback mechanism theories and laboratory tests comparing flowback tendency for various types of treating procedures and materials. Some of these materials include angular proppant, proppant/fiber mixtures, and proppant with film strips tested over a wide range of temperature, closure stress, and flow-rate conditions. Field treatment procedures are discussed, and several case histories are presented. All of the methods evaluated were effective in reducing proppant flowback under certain conditions. Heat-shrink film cutmore » into thin slivers proved to provide flowback reduction over broad temperature and closure stress ranges and was found to cause little impairment to fracture conductivity with some dependency on use concentration, temperature, and closure stress. The film materials were more resistant to damage caused by blending and pumping than all other materials evaluated. In addition, proppant packs, including consolidated packs, were significantly more tolerant of large, repeated stress changes. Field results indicate that the use of the heat-shrink film material as a flowback control agent permits more aggressive bean-up procedures following conventional fracturing treatments. Conventional dry-additive metering systems were used to add the film material to the fracturing fluid proppant slurry.« less

Rapid recovery of high content phytosterols from corn silk.

PubMed

Zhang, Haiyan; Cao, Xiaowan; Liu, Yong; Shang, Fude

2017-10-18

Phytosterols have important physiological and officinal function. An efficient ultrasonic assisted extraction, purification and crystallization procedure of phytosterols was established from corn silk for the first time. The orthogonal test was applied to optimize the process parameters and a maximum phytosterols recovery as high as 10.5886 mg/g was achieved by ultrasonic treatment for 55 min with liquid-solid ratio of 12:1 at 35 °C, 220 w. The ultrasonic extraction temperature (T, °C) has the most significant effect on extraction yield of phytosterols. An orthogonal crystallization test was performed and the optimal conditions [crystallization temperature of 8 °C, time of 12 h and solid-liquid ratio of 1:1 (g/ml)] afforded maximum phytosterols purity of 92.76 ± 0.43%. An efficient extraction and crystallization procedure was established.

Analyses of Inhomogeneities in Radiosonde Temperature and Humidity Time Series.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhai, Panmao; Eskridge, Robert E.

1996-04-01

Twice daily radiosonde data from selected stations in the United States (period 1948 to 1990) and China (period 1958 to 1990) were sorted into time series. These stations have one sounding taken in darkness and the other in sunlight. The analysis shows that the 0000 and 1200 UTC time series are highly correlated. Therefore, the Easterling and Peterson technique was tested on the 0000 and 1200 time series to detect inhomogeneities and to estimate the size of the biases. Discontinuities were detected using the difference series created from the 0000 and 1200 UTC time series. To establish that the detected bias was significant, a t test was performed to confirm that the change occurs in the daytime series but not in the nighttime series.Both U.S. and Chinese radiosonde temperature and humidity data include inhomogeneities caused by changes in radiosonde sensors and observation times. The U.S. humidity data have inhomogeneities that were caused by instrument changes and the censoring of data. The practice of reporting relative humidity as 19% when it is lower than 20% or the temperature is below 40°C is called censoring. This combination of procedural and instrument changes makes the detection of biases and adjustment of the data very difficult. In the Chinese temperatures, them are inhomogeneities related to a change in the radiation correction procedure.Test results demonstrate that a modified Easterling and Peterson method is suitable for use in detecting and adjusting time series radiosonde data.Accurate stations histories are very desirable. Stations histories can confirm that detected inhomogeneities are related to instrument or procedural changes. Adjustments can then he made to the data with some confidence.

Molecular Weight Effects on the Viscoelastic Response of a Polyimide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nicholson, Lee M.; Whitley, Karen S.; Gates, Thomas S.

2000-01-01

The effect of molecular weight on the viscoelastic performance of an advanced polymer (LaRC -SI) was investigated through the use of creep compliance tests. Testing consisted of short-term isothermal creep and recovery with the creep segments performed under constant load. The tests were conducted at three temperatures below the glass transition temperature of each material with different molecular weight. Through the use of time-aging-time superposition procedures, the material constants, material master curves and aging-related parameters were evaluated at each temperature for a given molecular weight. The time-temperature superposition technique helped to describe the effect of temperature on the timescale of the viscoelastic response of each molecular weight. It was shown that the low molecular weight materials have increased creep compliance and creep compliance rate, and are more sensitive to temperature than the high molecular weight materials. Furthermore, a critical molecular weight transition was observed to occur at a weight-average molecular weight of approximately 25000 g/mol below which, the temperature sensitivity of the time-temperature superposition shift factor increases rapidly.

A fine-wire thermocouple probe for measurement of stagnation temperatures in real gas hypersonic flows of nitrogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hollis, Brian R.; Griffith, Wayland C.; Yanta, William J.

1991-01-01

A fine-wire thermocouple probe was used to determine freestream stagnation temperatures in hypersonic flows. Data were gathered in a N2 blowdown wind tunnel with runtimes of 1-5 s. Tests were made at supply pressures between 30 and 1400 atm and supply temperatures between 700 and 1900 K, with Mach numbers of 14 to 16. An iterative procedure requiring thermocouple data, pilot pressure measurements, and supply conditions was used to determine test cell stagnation temperatures. Probe conduction and radiation losses, as well as real gas behavior of N2, were accounted for during analysis. Temperature measurement error was found to be 5 to 10 percent. A correlation was drawn between thermocouple diameter Reynolds number and temperature recovery ratio. Transient probe behavior was studied and was found to be adequate in temperature gradients up to 1000 K/s.

A note on the correlation between circular and linear variables with an application to wind direction and air temperature data in a Mediterranean climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lototzis, M.; Papadopoulos, G. K.; Droulia, F.; Tseliou, A.; Tsiros, I. X.

2018-04-01

There are several cases where a circular variable is associated with a linear one. A typical example is wind direction that is often associated with linear quantities such as air temperature and air humidity. The analysis of a statistical relationship of this kind can be tested by the use of parametric and non-parametric methods, each of which has its own advantages and drawbacks. This work deals with correlation analysis using both the parametric and the non-parametric procedure on a small set of meteorological data of air temperature and wind direction during a summer period in a Mediterranean climate. Correlations were examined between hourly, daily and maximum-prevailing values, under typical and non-typical meteorological conditions. Both tests indicated a strong correlation between mean hourly wind directions and mean hourly air temperature, whereas mean daily wind direction and mean daily air temperature do not seem to be correlated. In some cases, however, the two procedures were found to give quite dissimilar levels of significance on the rejection or not of the null hypothesis of no correlation. The simple statistical analysis presented in this study, appropriately extended in large sets of meteorological data, may be a useful tool for estimating effects of wind on local climate studies.

40 CFR 1066.710 - Cold temperature testing procedures for measuring CO and NMHC emissions and determining fuel...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... climate control system with the heat on and set to primarily defrost the front window. Turn air.... (i) Prior to the first acceleration, 20 seconds after the start of the UDDS, set the climate control... climate control system): (A) Temperature. Set controls to maximum heat. (B) Fan speed. Set the fan speed...

Pixelated Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photo-Diode Characterization Through Dark Current Measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amaudruz, Pierre-Andre; Bishop, Daryl; Gilhully, Colleen; Goertzen, Andrew; James, Lloyd; Kozlowski, Piotr; Retiere, Fabrice; Shams, Ehsan; Sossi, Vesna; Stortz, Greg; Thiessen, Jonathan D.; Thompson, Christopher J.

2014-06-01

PIXELATED geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (PPDs), often called silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are emerging as an excellent replacement for traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in a variety of detectors, especially those for subatomic physics experiments, which requires extensive test and operation procedures in order to achieve uniform responses from all the devices. In this paper, we show for two PPD brands, Hamamatsu MPPC and SensL SPM, that at room temperature, the dark noise rate, breakdown voltage and rate of correlated avalanches can be inferred from the sole measure of dark current as a function of operating voltage, hence greatly simplifying the characterization procedure. We introduce a custom electronics system that allows measurement for many devices concurrently, hence allowing rapid testing and monitoring of many devices at low cost. Finally, we show that the dark current of Hamamastu Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) is rather independent of temperature at constant operating voltage, hence the current measure cannot be used to probe temperature variations. On the other hand, the MPPC current can be used to monitor light source conditions in DC mode without requiring strong temperature stability, as long as the integrated source brightness is comparable to the dark noise rate.

75 FR 78809 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Refrigerators...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-16

... reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy efficiency, energy use * * * or estimated... with at least one of the compartments designed for the refrigerated storage of food and designed to be... with at least one of the compartments designed for the freezing and storage of food at temperatures...

75 FR 29823 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Refrigerators...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-27

...'') sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. (All references to EPCA refer... amended under this section shall be reasonably designed to produce test results which measure energy... a cabinet designed for the refrigerated storage of food at temperatures above 32 [deg]F and below 39...

40 CFR 86.1227-96 - Test procedures; overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... evaporative emissions as a consequence of diurnal temperature fluctuation urban driving and hot soaks during...; this test is not required for gaseous-fueled vehicles); and (3) Hot soak losses, which result when the vehicle is parked and the hot engine is turned off, measured by the enclosure technique (see § 86.1238...

Failure mechanism characterization of platinum alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosen, J. M.; Mcfarlen, W. T.

1986-01-01

This article describes procedures and results of testing performed on a platinum/10-percent rhodium, thin-wall tubular product. The purpose of the testing was to develop exemplar SEM fractographs to be used to characterize failures under various environmental conditions. Conditions evaluated for the platinum alloys included high temperature, hydrogen environment, braze metal contamination, and cyclic loading.

40 CFR 63.645 - Test methods and procedures for miscellaneous process vents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... analysis based on accepted chemical engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or... minute, at a temperature of 20 °C. (g) Engineering assessment may be used to determine the TOC emission...) Engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the following: (i) Previous test results provided the...

40 CFR 63.645 - Test methods and procedures for miscellaneous process vents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... analysis based on accepted chemical engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or... minute, at a temperature of 20 °C. (g) Engineering assessment may be used to determine the TOC emission...) Engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the following: (i) Previous test results provided the...

40 CFR 63.645 - Test methods and procedures for miscellaneous process vents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... analysis based on accepted chemical engineering principles, measurable process parameters, or physical or... minute, at a temperature of 20 °C. (g) Engineering assessment may be used to determine the TOC emission...) Engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the following: (i) Previous test results provided the...

46 CFR 164.008-3 - Testing procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., including the retests, shall be conducted at the National Bureau of Standards or other laboratories... further definition of the time-temperature curve, see Appendix I of the ASTM Standard E119, “Fire Tests of...) The pressure in the furnace shall be equal to that in the laboratory at about one-third of the height...

46 CFR 164.008-3 - Testing procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., including the retests, shall be conducted at the National Bureau of Standards or other laboratories... further definition of the time-temperature curve, see Appendix I of the ASTM Standard E119, “Fire Tests of...) The pressure in the furnace shall be equal to that in the laboratory at about one-third of the height...

46 CFR 164.008-3 - Testing procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., including the retests, shall be conducted at the National Bureau of Standards or other laboratories... further definition of the time-temperature curve, see Appendix I of the ASTM Standard E119, “Fire Tests of...) The pressure in the furnace shall be equal to that in the laboratory at about one-third of the height...

16 CFR 1633.7 - Mattress test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Apparatus and test materials—(1) Calorimetry. The rate of heat release must be measured by means of oxygen consumption calorimetry. The calibration should follow generally accepted practices for calibration. The... maintained at a temperature greater than 15 °C (59 °F) and less than 27 °C (80.6 °F) and a relative humidity...

16 CFR 1633.7 - Mattress test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Apparatus and test materials—(1) Calorimetry. The rate of heat release must be measured by means of oxygen consumption calorimetry. The calibration should follow generally accepted practices for calibration. The... maintained at a temperature greater than 15 °C (59 °F) and less than 27 °C (80.6 °F) and a relative humidity...

16 CFR 1633.7 - Mattress test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Apparatus and test materials—(1) Calorimetry. The rate of heat release must be measured by means of oxygen consumption calorimetry. The calibration should follow generally accepted practices for calibration. The... maintained at a temperature greater than 15 °C (59 °F) and less than 27 °C (80.6 °F) and a relative humidity...

16 CFR 1633.7 - Mattress test procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Apparatus and test materials—(1) Calorimetry. The rate of heat release must be measured by means of oxygen consumption calorimetry. The calibration should follow generally accepted practices for calibration. The... maintained at a temperature greater than 15 °C (59 °F) and less than 27 °C (80.6 °F) and a relative humidity...

30 CFR 7.27 - Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. 7... Ventilation Tubing § 7.27 Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. (a) Test procedures. (1) Prepare 6... for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

30 CFR 7.27 - Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. 7... Ventilation Tubing § 7.27 Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. (a) Test procedures. (1) Prepare 6... for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

30 CFR 7.27 - Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. 7... Ventilation Tubing § 7.27 Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. (a) Test procedures. (1) Prepare 6... for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

30 CFR 7.27 - Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. 7... Ventilation Tubing § 7.27 Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. (a) Test procedures. (1) Prepare 6... for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

30 CFR 7.27 - Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. 7... Ventilation Tubing § 7.27 Test for flame resistance of brattice cloth. (a) Test procedures. (1) Prepare 6... for a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

Human Thiel-Embalmed Cadaveric Aortic Model with Perfusion for Endovascular Intervention Training and Medical Device Evaluation.

PubMed

McLeod, Helen; Cox, Ben F; Robertson, James; Duncan, Robyn; Matthew, Shona; Bhat, Raj; Barclay, Avril; Anwar, J; Wilkinson, Tracey; Melzer, Andreas; Houston, J Graeme

2017-09-01

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate human Thiel-embalmed cadavers with the addition of extracorporeal driven ante-grade pulsatile flow in the aorta as a model for simulation training in interventional techniques and endovascular device testing. Three human cadavers embalmed according to the method of Thiel were selected. Extracorporeal pulsatile ante-grade flow of 2.5 L per min was delivered directly into the aorta of the cadavers via a surgically placed connection. During perfusion, aortic pressure and temperature were recorded and optimized for physiologically similar parameters. Pre- and post-procedure CT imaging was conducted to plan and follow up thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair as it would be in a clinical scenario. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and endovascular abdominal repair (EVAR) procedures were conducted in simulation of a clinical case, under fluoroscopic guidance with a multidisciplinary team present. The Thiel cadaveric aortic perfusion model provided pulsatile ante-grade flow, with pressure and temperature, sufficient to conduct a realistic simulation of TEVAR and EVAR procedures. Fluoroscopic imaging provided guidance during the intervention. Pre- and post-procedure CT imaging facilitated planning and follow-up evaluation of the procedure. The human Thiel-embalmed cadavers with the addition of extracorporeal flow within the aorta offer an anatomically appropriate, physiologically similar robust model to simulate aortic endovascular procedures, with potential applications in interventional radiology training and medical device testing as a pre-clinical model.

First Cryo-Vacuum Test of the JWST Integrated Science Instrument Module

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kimble, Randy A.; Antonille, S. R.; Balzano, V.; Comber, B. J.; Davila, P. S.; Drury, M. D.; Glasse, A.; Glazer, S. D.; Lundquist, R.; Mann, S. D.; McGuffey, D. B.; Novo-Gradac, K. J.; Penanen, K.; Ramey, D. D.; Sullivan, J.; Van Campen, J.; Vila, M. B.

2014-01-01

The integration and test program for the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) calls for three cryo-vacuum tests of the ISIM hardware. The first is a risk-reduction test aimed at checking out the test hardware and procedures; this will be followed by two formal verification tests that will bracket other key aspects of the environmental test program (e.g. vibration and acoustics, EMI/EMC). The first of these cryo-vacuum tests, the risk-reduction test, was executed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center starting in late August, 2013. Flight hardware under test included two (of the eventual four) flight instruments, the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) and the Fine Guidance Sensor/Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (FGS/NIRISS), mounted to the ISIM structure, as well as the ISIM Electronics Compartment (IEC). The instruments were cooled to their flight operating temperatures 40K for FGS/NIRISS, ~6K for MIRI) and optically tested against a cryo-certified telescope simulator. Key goals for the risk reduction test included: 1) demonstration of controlled cooldown and warmup, stable control at operating temperature, and measurement of heat loads, 2) operation of the science instruments with ISIM electronics systems at temperature, 3) health trending of the science instruments against instrument-level test results, 4) measurement of the pupil positions and six degree of freedom alignment of the science instruments against the simulated telescope focal surface, 5) detailed optical characterization of the NIRISS instrument, 6) verification of the signal-to-noise performance of the MIRI, and 7) exercise of the Onboard Script System that will be used to operate the instruments in flight. In addition, the execution of the test is expected to yield invaluable logistical experience - development and execution of procedures, communications, analysis of results - that will greatly benefit the subsequent verification tests. At the time of this submission, the hardware had reached operating temperature and was partway through the cryo test program. We report here on the test configuration, the overall process, and the results that were ultimately obtained.

Real-air data reduction procedures based on flow parameters measured in the test section of supersonic and hypersonic facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1972-01-01

Data-reduction procedures for determining free stream and post-normal shock kinetic and thermodynamic quantities are derived. These procedures are applicable to imperfect real air flows in thermochemical equilibrium for temperatures to 15 000 K and a range of pressures from 0.25 N/sq m to 1 GN/sq m. Although derived primarily to meet the immediate needs of the 6-inch expansion tube, these procedures are applicable to any supersonic or hypersonic test facility where combinations of three of the following flow parameters are measured in the test section: (1) Stagnation pressure behind normal shock; (2) freestream static pressure; (3) stagnation point heat transfer rate; (4) free stream velocity; (5) stagnation density behind normal shock; and (6) free stream density. Limitations of the nine procedures and uncertainties in calculated flow quantities corresponding to uncertainties in measured input data are discussed. A listing of the computer program is presented, along with a description of the inputs required and a sample of the data printout.

Thermal performance of MSFC hot air collectors under natural and simulated conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shih, K., Sr.

1977-01-01

The procedures used and the results obtained from an evaluation test program conducted to determine the thermal performance and structural characteristics of selected MSFC--designed hot air collectors under both real and simulated environmental conditions are described. Five collectors were tested in the three phased program. A series of outdoor tests were conducted to determine stagnation temperatures on a typical bright day and to determine each collector's ability to withstand these temperatures. Two of the collectors experienced structural deformation sufficient to eliminate them from the remainder of the test program. A series of outdoor tests to evaluate the thermal performance of collector S/N 10 under certain test conditions were performed followed by a series of indoor tests to evaluate the thermal performance of the collector under closely controlled simulated conditions.

Accelerated Testing of Polymeric Composites Using the Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abdel-Magid, Becky M.; Gates, Thomas S.

2000-01-01

Creep properties of IM7/K3B composite material were obtained using three accelerated test methods at elevated temperatures. Results of flexural creep tests using the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) were compared with results of conventional tensile and compression creep tests. The procedures of the three test methods are described and the results are presented. Despite minor differences in the time shift factor of the creep compliance curves, the DMA results compared favorably with the results from the tensile and compressive creep tests. Some insight is given into establishing correlations between creep compliance in flexure and creep compliance in tension and compression. It is shown that with careful consideration of the limitations of flexure creep, a viable and reliable accelerated test procedure can be developed using the DMA to obtain the viscoelastic properties of composites in extreme environments.

The effects of physical aging at elevated temperatures on the viscoelastic creep on IM7/K3B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gates, Thomas S.; Feldman, Mark

1994-01-01

Physical aging at elevated temperature of the advanced composite IM7/K3B was investigated through the use of creep compliance tests. Testing consisted of short term isothermal, creep/recovery with the creep segments performed at constant load. The matrix dominated transverse tensile and in-plane shear behavior were measured at temperatures ranging from 200 to 230 C. Through the use of time based shifting procedures, the aging shift factors, shift rates and momentary master curve parameters were found at each temperature. These material parameters were used as input to a predictive methodology, which was based upon effective time theory and linear viscoelasticity combined with classical lamination theory. Long term creep compliance test data was compared to predictions to verify the method. The model was then used to predict the long term creep behavior for several general laminates.

40 CFR 63.7187 - What performance tests and other compliance procedures must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... regeneration stream mass or volumetric flow over the period of each complete carbon bed regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service...

40 CFR 63.7187 - What performance tests and other compliance procedures must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... regeneration stream mass or volumetric flow over the period of each complete carbon bed regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service...

40 CFR 63.7187 - What performance tests and other compliance procedures must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... regeneration stream mass or volumetric flow over the period of each complete carbon bed regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service...

40 CFR 63.7187 - What performance tests and other compliance procedures must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... regeneration stream mass or volumetric flow over the period of each complete carbon bed regeneration cycle, design carbon bed temperature after regeneration, design carbon bed regeneration time, and design service...

40 CFR 1066.310 - Coastdown procedures for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Calibrate the equipment by running the zero-wind and zero-angle calibrations within 24 hours before... = mean ambient absolute temperature during testing, in K. p act = average ambient pressuring during the...

Flash evaporator systems test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietz, J. B.

1976-01-01

A flash evaporator heat rejection system representative of that proposed for the space shuttle orbiter underwent extensive system testing at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) to determine its operational suitability and to establish system performance/operational characteristics for use in the shuttle system. During the tests the evaporator system demonstrated its suitability to meet the shuttle requirements by: (1) efficient operation with 90 to 95% water evaporation efficiency, (2) control of outlet temperature to 40 + or - 2 F for partial heat load operation, (3) stability of control system for rapid changes in Freon inlet temperature, and (4) repeated dormant-to-active device operation without any startup procedures.

Design data package and operating procedures for MSFC solar simulator test facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Design and operational data for the solar simulator test facility are reviewed. The primary goal of the facility is to evaluate the performance capacibility and worst case failure modes of collectors, which utilize either air or liquid transport media. The facility simulates environmental parameters such as solar radiation intensity, solar spectrum, collimation, uniformity, and solar attitude. The facility also simulates wind conditions of velocity and direction, solar system conditions imposed on the collector, collector fluid inlet temperature, and geometric factors of collector tilt and azimuth angles. Testing the simulator provides collector efficiency data, collector time constant, incident angle modifier data, and stagnation temperature values.

Advancing the retrievals of surface emissivity by modelling the spatial distribution of temperature in the thermal hyperspectral scene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shimoni, M.; Haelterman, R.; Lodewyckx, P.

2016-05-01

Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) are commonly retrieved from thermal hyperspectral imaging. However, their retrieval is not a straightforward procedure because the mathematical problem is ill-posed. This procedure becomes more challenging in an urban area where the spatial distribution of temperature varies substantially in space and time. For assessing the influence of several spatial variances on the deviation of the temperature in the scene, a statistical model is created. The model was tested using several images from various times in the day and was validated using in-situ measurements. The results highlight the importance of the geometry of the scene and its setting relative to the position of the sun during day time. It also shows that when the position of the sun is in zenith, the main contribution to the thermal distribution in the scene is the thermal capacity of the landcover materials. In this paper we propose a new Temperature and Emissivity Separation (TES) method which integrates 3D surface and landcover information from LIDAR and VNIR hyperspectral imaging data in an attempt to improve the TES procedure for a thermal hyperspectral scene. The experimental results prove the high accuracy of the proposed method in comparison to another conventional TES model.

Analytic tests and their relation to jet fuel thermal stability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heneghan, S.P.; Kauffman, R.E.

1995-05-01

The evaluation of jet fuel thermal stability (TS) by simple analytic procedures has long been a goal of fuels chemists. The reason is obvious: if the analytic chemist can determine which types of material cause his test to respond, the refiners will know which materials to remove to improve stability. Complicating this quest is the lack of an acceptable quantitative TS test with which to compare any analytic procedures. To circumvent this problem, we recently compiled the results of TS tests for 12 fuels using six separate test procedures. The results covering a range of flow and temperature conditions showmore » that TS is not as dependent on test conditions as previously thought. Also, comparing the results from these tests with several analytic procedures shows that either a measure of the number of phenols or the total sulfur present in jet fuels is strongly indicative of the TS. The phenols have been measured using a cyclic voltammetry technique and the polar material by gas chromatography (atomic emission detection) following a solid phase extraction on silica gel. The polar material has been identified as mainly phenols (by mass spectrometry identification). Measures of the total acid number or peroxide concentration have little correlation with TS.« less

Effects of subclinical footpad dermatitis and emotional arousal on surface foot temperature recorded with infrared thermography in turkey toms (Meleagris gallopavo).

PubMed

Moe, R O; Bohlin, J; Flø, A; Vasdal, G; Erlandsen, H; Guneriussen, E; Sjökvist, E C; Stubsjøen, S M

2018-04-17

Footpad dermatitis is a condition that causes lesions on the plantar surface of the footpads in growing turkeys. Potential inflammatory processes and pain associated with increasing severity of footpad dermatitis raise animal welfare concerns. This study investigated whether the temperature of the plantar surface of the foot (the footpads and the entire plantar foot including interdigital membranes) assessed with infrared thermography reflects severity of mild footpad dermatitis as assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale in 80 turkey toms at 10 weeks of age. In order to study effects of a potential emotional arousal due to the testing procedures, effects of sequential testing order and duration of handling of the turkeys was included in the model. Footpad temperatures were significantly lower than foot temperatures (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.57, -3.36°C ± 0.28°C), and higher visual analogue scale scores were anti-correlated with footpad (-0.06°C ± 0.037°C) and foot temperatures (-0.07°C ± 0.066°C). Furthermore, a negative association between footpad temperature and handling time (-0.02 ± 0.0227, P = 0.048), and a non-linear association between foot and footpad temperatures and sequential testing order, were found (P<0.001). The results indicate that severity of mild footpad dermatitis as scored visually was associated with the temperatures of the plantar surface of the foot and footpads, and that thermal imaging therefore represents a novel tool for the reliable and non-invasive early detection of subclinical foot pathologies in turkeys. The association was negative, and the findings therefore indicate that potential inflammatory processes in the epidermis at this early stage of footpad dermatitis are negligible, and/or that the hyperkeratosis of the surface keratin shielded heat emission from the footpads. The associations between surface temperatures, handling time, and sequential testing order suggest an emotional arousal in response to the experimental procedures, and these factors need to be considered when applying infrared thermography in future studies of leg health in turkeys.

Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation for High-Ambient-Temperature Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Mini-Split Air Conditioners

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abdelaziz, Omar; Shrestha, Som S.; Munk, Jeffrey D.

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High-Ambient-Temperature Evaluation Program for low– global warming potential (Low-GWP) Refrigerants aims to develop an understanding of the performance of low-GWP alternative refrigerants to hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants in mini-split air conditioners under high-ambient-temperature conditions. This final report describes the parties involved, the alternative refrigerant selection process, the test procedures, and the final results.

Measurement of the Coolant Channel Temperatures and Pressures of a Cooled Radial-Inflow Turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dicicco, L. Danielle; Nowlin, Brent C.; Tirres, Lizet

1994-01-01

Instrumentation has been installed on the surface of a cooled radial-inflow turbine. Thermocouples and miniature integrated sensor pressure transducers were installed to measure steady state coolant temperatures, blade wall temperatures, and coolant pressures. These measurements will eventually be used to determine the heat transfer characteristics of the rotor. This paper will describe the procedures used to install and calibrate the instrumentation and the testing methods followed. A limited amount of data will compare the measured values to the predicted values.

THE PSYCHROMETER, MODEL II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Poore, J.I.

1963-09-01

The psychrometer measures percentage of relative humidity and temperature. The relative humidity can be measured to an accuracy better than 1 per cent over the range from 5 to 98 percent in a temperature range of 35 deg F through 140 deg F. A test report on this psychrometer by the National Bureau of Standards is given. The psychrometer will measure temperature with an accuracy within 0.05 deg F over the range 32 deg F through 212 deg F. The operation theory, general description, and operating procedures are included. (auth)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abdelaziz, Omar; Shrestha, Som S.; Shen, Bo

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) High-Ambient-Temperature Evaluation Program for Low-Global Warming Potential (Low-GWP) Refrigerants aims to develop an understanding of the performance of low-GWP alternative refrigerants relative to hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants in packaged or Rooftop Unit (RTU) air conditioners under high-ambient-temperature conditions. This final report describes the parties involved, the alternative refrigerants selection process, the test procedures, and the final results.

In vitro infrared thermography assessment of temperature peaks during the intra-oral welding of titanium abutments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Degidi, Marco; Nardi, Diego; Sighinolfi, Gianluca; Merla, Arcangelo; Piattelli, Adriano

2012-07-01

Control of heat dissipation and transmission to the peri-implant area during intra-oral welding is very important to limit potential damage to the surrounding tissue. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess, by means of thermal infrared imaging, the tissue temperature peaks associated with the thermal propagation pathway through the implants, the abutments and the walls of the slot of the scaffold, generated during the welding process, in three different implant systems. An in vitro polyurethane mandible model was prepared with a 7.0 mm v-shape slot. Effects on the maximum temperature by a single welding procedure were studied using different power supplies and abutments. A total of 36 welding procedures were tested on three different implant systems. The lowest peak temperature along the walls of the 7.0 mm v-shaped groove (31.6 ± 2 °C) was assessed in the specimens irrigated with sterile saline solution. The highest peak temperature (42.8 ± 2 °C) was assessed in the samples with a contemporaneous power overflow and premature pincers removal. The results of our study suggest that the procedures used until now appear to be effective to avoid thermal bone injuries. The peak tissue temperature of the in vitro model did not surpass the threshold limits above which tissue injury could occur.

Investigating Liquid Leak from Pre-Filled Syringes upon Needle Shield Removal: Effect of Air Bubble Pressure.

PubMed

Chan, Edwin; Maa, Yuh-Fun; Overcashier, David; Hsu, Chung C

2011-01-01

This study is to investigate the effect of headspace air pressure in pre-filled syringes on liquid leak (dripping) from the syringe needle upon needle shield removal. Drip tests to measure drip quantity were performed on syringes manually filled with 0.5 or 1.0 mL of various aqueous solutions. Parameters assessed included temperature (filling and test), bulk storage conditions (tank pressure and the type of the pressurized gas), solution composition (pure water, 0.9% sodium chloride, and a monoclonal antibody formulation), and testing procedures. A headspace pressure analyzer was used to verify the drip test method. Results suggested that leakage is indeed caused by headspace pressure increase, and the temperature effect (ideal gas expansion) is a major, but not the only, factor. The dissolved gases in the liquid bulk prior to or during filling may contribute to leakage, as these gases could be released into the headspace due to solubility changes (in response to test temperature and pressure conditions) and cause pressure increase. Needle shield removal procedures were found to cause dripping, but liquid composition played little role. Overall, paying attention to the processing history (pressure and temperature) of the liquid bulk is the key to minimize leakage. The headspace pressure could be reduced by decreasing liquid bulk storage pressure, filling at a higher temperature, or employing lower solubility gas (e.g., helium) for bulk transfer and storage. Leakage could also be mitigated by simply holding the syringe needle pointing upward during needle shield removal. Substantial advances in pre-filled syringe technology development, particularly in syringe filling accuracy, have been made. However, there are factors, as subtle as how the needle shield (or tip cap) is removed, that may affect dosing accuracy. We recently found that upon removal of the tip cap from a syringe held vertically with needle pointed downwards, a small amount of solution, up to 3-4% of the 1 mL filled volume or higher for filled volume of <1 mL, leaked out from the needle. This paper identified the root causes of this problem and offered solutions from the perspectives of the syringe fill process and the end user procedure. The readers will benefit from this paper by understanding how each process step prior to and during syringe filling may affect delivery performance of the pre-filled syringe device.

Measurements of gas parameters in plasma-assisted supersonic combustion processes using diode laser spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bolshov, Mikhail A; Kuritsyn, Yu A; Liger, V V

2009-09-30

We report a procedure for temperature and water vapour concentration measurements in an unsteady-state combustion zone using diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The procedure involves measurements of the absorption spectrum of water molecules around 1.39 {mu}m. It has been used to determine hydrogen combustion parameters in M = 2 gas flows in the test section of a supersonic wind tunnel. The relatively high intensities of the absorption lines used have enabled direct absorption measurements. We describe a differential technique for measurements of transient absorption spectra, the procedure we used for primary data processing and approaches for determining the gas temperature andmore » H{sub 2}O concentration in the probed zone. The measured absorption spectra are fitted with spectra simulated using parameters from spectroscopic databases. The combustion-time-averaged ({approx}50 ms) gas temperature and water vapour partial pressure in the hot wake region are determined to be 1050 K and 21 Torr, respectively. The large signal-to-noise ratio in our measurements allowed us to assess the temporal behaviour of these parameters. The accuracy in our temperature measurements in the probed zone is {approx}40 K. (laser applications and other topics in quantum electronics)« less

LASER APPLICATIONS AND OTHER TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS: Measurements of gas parameters in plasma-assisted supersonic combustion processes using diode laser spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolshov, Mikhail A.; Kuritsyn, Yu A.; Liger, V. V.; Mironenko, V. R.; Leonov, S. B.; Yarantsev, D. A.

2009-09-01

We report a procedure for temperature and water vapour concentration measurements in an unsteady-state combustion zone using diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The procedure involves measurements of the absorption spectrum of water molecules around 1.39 μm. It has been used to determine hydrogen combustion parameters in M = 2 gas flows in the test section of a supersonic wind tunnel. The relatively high intensities of the absorption lines used have enabled direct absorption measurements. We describe a differential technique for measurements of transient absorption spectra, the procedure we used for primary data processing and approaches for determining the gas temperature and H2O concentration in the probed zone. The measured absorption spectra are fitted with spectra simulated using parameters from spectroscopic databases. The combustion-time-averaged (~50 ms) gas temperature and water vapour partial pressure in the hot wake region are determined to be 1050 K and 21 Torr, respectively. The large signal-to-noise ratio in our measurements allowed us to assess the temporal behaviour of these parameters. The accuracy in our temperature measurements in the probed zone is ~40 K.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, K.; Tsai, H.; Decision and Information Sciences

The technical basis for extending the Model 9977 shipping package periodic maintenance beyond the one-year interval to a maximum of five years is based on the performance of the O-ring seals and the environmental conditions. The DOE Packaging Certification Program (PCP) has tasked Argonne National Laboratory to develop a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) temperature monitoring system for use by the facility personnel at DAF/NTS. The RFID temperature monitoring system, depicted in the figure below, consists of the Mk-1 RFId tags, a reader, and a control computer mounted on a mobile platform that can operate as a stand-alone system, or it canmore » be connected to the local IT network. As part of the Conditions of Approval of the CoC, the user must complete the prescribed training to become qualified and be certified for operation of the RFID temperature monitoring system. The training course will be administered by Argonne National Laboratory on behalf of the Headquarters Certifying Official. This is a complete documentation package for the RFID temperature monitoring system of the Model 9977 packagings at NTS. The documentation package will be used for training and certification. The table of contents are: Acceptance Testing Procedure of MK-1 RFID Tags for DOE/EM Nuclear Materials Management Applications; Acceptance Testing Result of MK-1 RFID Tags for DOE/EM Nuclear Materials Management Applications; Performance Test of the Single Bolt Seal Sensor for the Model 9977 Packaging; Calibration of Built-in Thermistors in RFID Tags for Nevada Test Site; Results of Calibration of Built-in Thermistors in RFID Tags; Results of Thermal Calibration of Second Batch of MK-I RFID Tags; Procedure for Installing and Removing MK-1 RFID Tag on Model 9977 Drum; User Guide for RFID Reader and Software for Temperature Monitoring of Model 9977 Drums at NTS; Software Quality Assurance Plan (SQAP) for the ARG-US System; Quality Category for the RFID Temperature Monitoring System; The Documentation Package for the RFID Temperature Monitoring System; Software Test Plan and Results for ARG-US OnSite; Configuration Management Plan (CMP) for the ARG-US System; Requirements Management Plan for the ARG-US System; and Design Management Plan for ARG-US.« less

The accelerated characterization of viscoelastic composite materials. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Griffith, W. I.; Morris, D. H.; Brinson, H. F.

1980-01-01

Necessary fundamentals relative to composite materials and viscoelasticity are reviewed. The accelerated characterization techniques of time temperature superposition and time temperature stress superposition are described. An experimental procedure for applying the latter to composites is given along with results obtained on a particular T300/934 graphite/epoxy. The accelerated characterization predictions are found in good agreement with actual long term tests. A postcuring phenomenon is discussed that necessitates thermal conditioning of the specimen prior to testing. A closely related phenomenon of physical aging is described as well as the effect of each on the glass transition temperature and strength. Creep rupture results are provided for a variety of geometries and temperatures for T300/934 graphite/epoxy. The results are found to compare reasonably with a modified kinetic rate theory.

A technique for measurement of instantaneous heat transfer in steady-flow ambient-temperature facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

O'Brien, James E.

1990-01-01

An experimental technique is described for obtaining time-resolved heat flux measurements with high-frequency response (up to 100 kHz) in a steady-flow ambient-temperature facility. The heat transfer test object is preheated and suddenly injected into an established steady flow. Thin-film gages deposited on the test surface detect the unsteady substrate surface temperature. Analog circuitry designed for use in short-duration facilities and based on one-dimensional semiinfinite heat conduction is used to perform the temperature/heat flux transformation. A detailed description of substrate properties, instrumentation, experimental procedure, and data reduction is given, along with representative results obtained in the stagnation region of a circular cylinder subjected to a wake-dominated unsteady flow. An in-depth discussion of related work is also provided.

The influence of the Nd:YAG laser bleaching on physical and mechanical properties of the dental enamel.

PubMed

Marcondes, Maurem; Paranhos, Maria Paula Gandolfi; Spohr, Ana Maria; Mota, Eduardo Gonçalves; da Silva, Isaac Newton Lima; Souto, André Arigony; Burnett, Luiz Henrique

2009-07-01

The Nd:YAG laser can be used in Dentistry to remove soft tissue, disinfect canals in endodontic procedures and prevent caries. However, there is no protocol for Nd:YAG laser application in dental bleaching. The aims of this in vitro study were: (a) to observe the tooth shade alteration when hydrogen peroxide whitening procedures are associated with dyes with different wavelengths and irradiated with Nd:YAG laser or halogen light; (b) to measure the Vickers (VHN) enamel microhardness before and after the whitening procedure; (c) to evaluate the tensile bond strength of two types of adhesive systems applied on bleached enamel; (d) to observe the failure pattern after bond strength testing; (e) to evaluate the pulpal temperature during the bleaching procedures with halogen light or laser; (f) to measure the kinetic reaction of hydrogen peroxide. Extracted sound human molar crowns were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction to obtain 150 fragments that were divided into five groups for each adhesive system: WL (H(2)O(2) + thickener and Nd:YAG), WH (H(2)O(2) + thickener and halogen light), QL (H(2)O(2) + carbopol + Q-switch and Nd:YAG), QH (H(2)O(2) + carbopol + Q-switch and halogen light), and C (Control, without whitening agent). Shade assessment was made with a shade guide and the microhardness tests were performed before and after the bleaching procedures. Immediately afterwards, the groups were restored with the adhesive systems Adper Single Bond 2 or Solobond M plus composite resin, and the tensile bond strength test was performed. The temperature was measured by thermocouples placed on the enamel surface and intrapulpal chamber. The kinetics of hydrogen peroxide was observed by ultraviolet analysis. The shade changed seven levels for Nd:YAG laser groups and eight levels for halogen light. According to the student's t-test, there was no statistical difference between the VHN before and after the whitening protocols (p > 0.05). The tensile bond strength showed no statistical significance between the test groups and the controls, considering both adhesive systems tested by ANOVA and Tukey tests (p > 0.05). The predominant failure pattern after bond strength testing was mixed. The temperature was safe for laser and halogen light. The kinetic reaction showed that after 5 min all the hydrogen peroxide had been consumed. Nd:YAG laser associated with hydrogen peroxide bleached the enamel, the shade being similar to that obtained with the traditional method performed with halogen light. Moreover, the Vickers' microhardness and bond strength values were not altered in comparison with those for nonbleached enamel. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Strain and Temperature Sensing Properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Yarn Composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kahng, Seun K.; Gates, Thomas S.; Jefferson, Gail D.

2008-01-01

Strain and temperature response of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT/CNT) yarns on a stainless steel test beam has been studied. The carbon nanotube yarns are spun from a multiwalled carbon nanotube forest grown on a silicon substrate to a 4-ply yarn with a diameter of about 15-20 microns. Four of the 4-ply CNT yarns are arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration on the stainless steel test beam using a thin layer of polyurethane resin that insulates and protects the yarns from the test beam. Strain sensitivities of the CNT yarn sensors range from 1.39 to 1.75 mV/V/1000 microstrain at room temperature, and temperature sensitivity of the CNT yarn bridge is 91 microA/degC. Resistance of the yarns range from 215 to 270 ohms for CNT yarn length of approximately 5 mm. Processes used in attaching the CNT yarns on the test beam and experimental procedures used for the measurements are described. Conventional metallic foil strain gages are attached to the test beam to compare with the CNT sensors. The study demonstrates multifunctional capability of the sensor for strain and temperature measurements and shows its applicability where engineering strain is less than 3%.

Purification Procedures for Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gorelik, Olga P.; Nikolaev, Pavel; Arepalli, Sivaram

2001-01-01

This report summarizes the comparison of a variety of procedures used to purify carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotube material is produced by the arc process and laser oven process. Most of the procedures are tested using laser-grown, single-wall nanotube (SWNT) material. The material is characterized at each step of the purification procedures by using different techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The identified impurities are amorphous and graphitic carbon, catalyst particle aggregates, fullerenes, and hydrocarbons. Solvent extraction and low-temperature annealing are used to reduce the amount of volatile hydrocarbons and dissolve fullerenes. Metal catalysts and amorphous as well as graphitic carbon are oxidized by reflux in acids including HCl, HNO3 and HF and other oxidizers such as H2O2. High-temperature annealing in vacuum and in inert atmosphere helps to improve the quality of SWNTs by increasing crystallinity and reducing intercalation.

40 CFR 60.424 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to conduct the run, liter/min. B=acid density (a function of acid strength and temperature), g/cc. C=acid strength, decimal fraction. K1/4=conversion factor, 0.0808 (Mg-min-cc)/(g-hr-liter) [0.0891 (ton...

40 CFR 60.424 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to conduct the run, liter/min. B=acid density (a function of acid strength and temperature), g/cc. C=acid strength, decimal fraction. K1/4=conversion factor, 0.0808 (Mg-min-cc)/(g-hr-liter) [0.0891 (ton...

40 CFR 60.424 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to conduct the run, liter/min. B=acid density (a function of acid strength and temperature), g/cc. C=acid strength, decimal fraction. K1/4=conversion factor, 0.0808 (Mg-min-cc)/(g-hr-liter) [0.0891 (ton...

Thin film thermocouples for high temperature turbine application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Lisa C.

1991-01-01

The objective is to develop thin film thermocouples (TFTC) for Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) components such as the high pressure fuel turbopump (HPFTP) blades and to test TFTC survivability and durability in the SSME environment. The purpose for developing TFTC's for SSME components is to obtain blade temperatures for computational models developed for fluid mechanics and structures. The TFTC must be able to withstand the presence of high temperature, high pressure hydrogen as well as a severe thermal transient due to a cryogenic to combustion temperature change. The TFTC's will eventually be installed and tested on SSME propulsion system components in the SSME test bed engine. The TFTC's were successfully fabricated on flat coupons of MAR-M 246 (Hf+), which is the superalloy material used for HPFTP turbine blades. The TFTC's fabricated on flat coupons survived thermal shock cycling as well as testing in a heat flux measurement facility which provided a rapid thermal transient. The same fabrication procedure was used to deposit TFTC's on HPFTP first stage rotor blades. Other results from the experiments are presented, and future testing plans are discussed.

Soil drying procedure affects the DNA quantification of Lactarius vinosus but does not change the fungal community composition.

PubMed

Castaño, Carles; Parladé, Javier; Pera, Joan; Martínez de Aragón, Juan; Alday, Josu G; Bonet, José Antonio

2016-11-01

Drying soil samples before DNA extraction is commonly used for specific fungal DNA quantification and metabarcoding studies, but the impact of different drying procedures on both the specific fungal DNA quantity and the fungal community composition has not been analyzed. We tested three different drying procedures (freeze-drying, oven-drying, and room temperature) on 12 different soil samples to determine (a) the soil mycelium biomass of the ectomycorrhizal species Lactarius vinosus using qPCR with a specifically designed TaqMan® probe and (b) the fungal community composition and diversity using the PacBio® RS II sequencing platform. Mycelium biomass of L. vinosus was significantly greater in the freeze-dried soil samples than in samples dried at oven and room temperature. However, drying procedures had no effect on fungal community composition or on fungal diversity. In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportions of fungi according to their functional roles (moulds vs. mycorrhizal species) in response to drying procedures. Only six out of 1139 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) had increased their relative proportions after soil drying at room temperature, with five of these OTUs classified as mould or yeast species. However, the magnitude of these changes was small, with an overall increase in relative abundance of these OTUs of approximately 2 %. These results suggest that DNA degradation may occur especially after drying soil samples at room temperature, but affecting equally nearly all fungi and therefore causing no significant differences in diversity and community composition. Despite the minimal effects caused by the drying procedures at the fungal community composition, freeze-drying resulted in higher concentrations of L. vinosus DNA and prevented potential colonization from opportunistic species.

Evaluation of post-fire strength of concrete flexural members reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellis, Devon S.

Owing to their corrosion resistance and superior strength to weight ratio, there has been, over the past two decades, increased interest in the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete structural members. The mechanical behavior of FRP reinforcement differs from that of steel reinforcement. For example, FRP reinforcement exhibit a linear stress-strain behavior until the bar ruptures and the strength, stiffness and bond properties of FRP reinforcement are affected more adversely by elevated temperatures. All structures are subject to the risk of damage by fire and fires continue to be a significant cause of damage to structures. Many structures do not collapse after being exposed to fire. The safety of the structure for any future use is dependent on the ability to accurately estimate the post-fire load capacity of the structure. Assuming that the changes, due to fire exposure, in the mechanical behavior of the GFRP reinforcing bar and concrete, and the bond between the reinforcing bar and the concrete are understood, an analytical procedure for estimating the post-fire strength of GFRP reinforced concrete flexural elements can be developed. This thesis investigates the changes in: a) tensile properties and bond of GFRP bars; and b) the flexural behavior of GFRP reinforced concrete beams flexural after being exposed to elevated temperatures up to 400°C and cooled to ambient temperature. To this end, twelve tensile tests, twelve pullout bond tests and ten four-point beam tests were performed. The data from the tests were used to formulate analytical procedures for evaluating the post-fire strength of GFRP reinforced concrete beams. The procedure produced conservative results when compared with the experimental data. In general, the residual tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of GFRP bars decrease as the exposure temperature increases. The loss in properties is however, smaller than that observed by other researchers when similar bars were tested while hot. The residual bond strength was also found to decrease with increase in exposure temperature. Residual bond mechanism and flexural behavior were found to be influenced, in complex ways, by the exposure to elevated temperatures. Additionally, an apparent "yielding plateau" and an apparent increase in bar ductility was observed in the post-heat behavior of some of the tensile specimens. This points to a potential for heat treatment of FRP bars to achieve higher ductility.

HCMM satellite follow-on investigation no. 25. Soil moisture and heat budget evalution in selected European zones of agricultural and environmental interest (TELLUS project)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

A simple procedure to evaluate actual evaporation was derived by linearizing the surface energy balance equation, using Taylor's expansion. The original multidimensional hypersurface could be reduced to a linear relationship between evaporation and surface temperature or to a surface relationship involving evaporation, surface temperature and albedo. This procedure permits a rapid sensitivity analysis of the surface energy balance equation as well as a speedy mapping of evaporation from remotely sensed surface temperatures and albedo. Comparison with experimental data yielded promising results. The validity of evapotranspiration and soil moisture models in semiarid conditions was tested. Wheat was the crop chosen for a continuous measurement campaign made in the south of Italy. Radiometric, micrometeorologic, agronomic and soil data were collected for processing and interpretation.

Development of procedures for calculating stiffness and damping properties of elastomers. Part 3: The effects of temperature, dissipation level and geometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smalley, A. J.; Tessarzik, J. M.

1975-01-01

Effects of temperature, dissipation level and geometry on the dynamic behavior of elastomer elements were investigated. Force displacement relationships in elastomer elements and the effects of frequency, geometry and temperature upon these relationships are reviewed. Based on this review, methods of reducing stiffness and damping data for shear and compression test elements to material properties (storage and loss moduli) and empirical geometric factors are developed and tested using previously generated experimental data. A prediction method which accounts for large amplitudes of deformation is developed on the assumption that their effect is to increase temperature through the elastomers, thereby modifying the local material properties. Various simple methods of predicting the radial stiffness of ring cartridge elements are developed and compared. Material properties were determined from the shear specimen tests as a function of frequency and temperature. Using these material properties, numerical predictions of stiffness and damping for cartridge and compression specimens were made and compared with corresponding measurements at different temperatures, with encouraging results.

40 CFR 60.5413 - What are the performance testing procedures for control devices used to demonstrate compliance at...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to or less than 10.0 parts per million by volume-wet THC as propane corrected to 3.0 percent carbon... 2A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1. Record the start and stop reading for each 60-minute THC test. Record the gas pressure and temperature at 5-minute intervals throughout each 60-minute THC test. (iii...

Development of QC Procedures for Ocean Data Obtained by National Research Projects of Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, S. D.; Park, H. M.

2017-12-01

To establish data management system for ocean data obtained by national research projects of Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea, KIOST conducted standardization and development of QC procedures. After reviewing and analyzing the existing international and domestic ocean-data standards and QC procedures, the draft version of standards and QC procedures were prepared. The proposed standards and QC procedures were reviewed and revised by experts in the field of oceanography and academic societies several times. A technical report on the standards of 25 data items and 12 QC procedures for physical, chemical, biological and geological data items. The QC procedure for temperature and salinity data was set up by referring the manuals published by GTSPP, ARGO and IOOS QARTOD. It consists of 16 QC tests applicable for vertical profile data and time series data obtained in real-time mode and delay mode. Three regional range tests to inspect annual, seasonal and monthly variations were included in the procedure. Three programs were developed to calculate and provide upper limit and lower limit of temperature and salinity at depth from 0 to 1550m. TS data of World Ocean Database, ARGO, GTSPP and in-house data of KIOST were analysed statistically to calculate regional limit of Northwest Pacific area. Based on statistical analysis, the programs calculate regional ranges using mean and standard deviation at 3 kind of grid systems (3° grid, 1° grid and 0.5° grid) and provide recommendation. The QC procedures for 12 data items were set up during 1st phase of national program for data management (2012-2015) and are being applied to national research projects practically at 2nd phase (2016-2019). The QC procedures will be revised by reviewing the result of QC application when the 2nd phase of data management programs is completed.

Spatial regression test for ensuring temperature data quality in southern Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Estévez, J.; Gavilán, P.; García-Marín, A. P.

2018-01-01

Quality assurance of meteorological data is crucial for ensuring the reliability of applications and models that use such data as input variables, especially in the field of environmental sciences. Spatial validation of meteorological data is based on the application of quality control procedures using data from neighbouring stations to assess the validity of data from a candidate station (the station of interest). These kinds of tests, which are referred to in the literature as spatial consistency tests, take data from neighbouring stations in order to estimate the corresponding measurement at the candidate station. These estimations can be made by weighting values according to the distance between the stations or to the coefficient of correlation, among other methods. The test applied in this study relies on statistical decision-making and uses a weighting based on the standard error of the estimate. This paper summarizes the results of the application of this test to maximum, minimum and mean temperature data from the Agroclimatic Information Network of Andalusia (southern Spain). This quality control procedure includes a decision based on a factor f, the fraction of potential outliers for each station across the region. Using GIS techniques, the geographic distribution of the errors detected has been also analysed. Finally, the performance of the test was assessed by evaluating its effectiveness in detecting known errors.

Ductility normalized-strainrange partitioning life relations for creep-fatigue life predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Halford, G. R.; Saltsman, J. F.; Hirschberg, M. H.

1977-01-01

Procedures based on Strainrange Partitioning (SRP) are presented for estimating the effects of environment and other influences on the high temperature, low cycle, creep fatigue resistance of alloys. It is proposed that the plastic and creep, ductilities determined from conventional tensile and creep rupture tests conducted in the environment of interest be used in a set of ductility normalized equations for making a first order approximation of the four SRP inelastic strainrange life relations. Different levels of sophistication in the application of the procedures are presented by means of illustrative examples with several high temperature alloys. Predictions of cyclic lives generally agree with observed lives within factors of three.

Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Gyroscope Noise Analysis and Scale Factor Characterization over Temperature Variation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

bias and scale factor tests. By testing state-of-the-art gyroscopes, the effect of input rate stability and accuracy may be examined. Based on the...tumble test or bias analysis at a tilted position to remove the effect of Earth’s rotation in the scale factor test • A rate table with better rate...format guide and test procedure for coriolis vibratory gyros. Piscataway (NJ): IEEE; 2004 Dec. 3. Maio A, Smith G, Knight R, Nothwang W, Conroy J

The Combined Influence of Molecular Weight and Temperature on the Aging and Viscoelastic Response of a Glassy Thermoplastic Polyimide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nicholson, Lee M.; Whitley, Karen S.; Gates, Thomas S.

2000-01-01

The effect of molecular weight on the viscoelastic performance of an advanced polymer (LaRC-SI) was investigated through the use of creep compliance tests. Testing consisted of short-term isothermal creep and recovery with the creep segments performed under constant load. The tests were conducted at three temperatures below the glass transition temperature of five materials of different molecular weight. Through the use of time-aging-time superposition procedures, the material constants, material master curves and aging-related parameters were evaluated at each temperature for a given molecular weight. The time-temperature superposition technique helped to describe the effect of temperature on the timescale of the viscoelastic response of each molecular weight. It was shown that the low molecular weight materials have higher creep compliance and creep rate, and are more sensitive to temperature than the high molecular weight materials. Furthermore, a critical molecular weight transition was observed to occur at a weight-average molecular weight of M (bar) (sub w) 25000 g/mol below which, the temperature sensitivity of the time-temperature superposition shift factor increases rapidly. The short-term creep compliance data were used in association with Struik's effective time theory to predict the long-term creep compliance behavior for the different molecular weights. At long timescales, physical aging serves to significantly decrease the creep compliance and creep rate of all the materials tested.

Kidney Cell Electrophoresis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Todd, P.

1985-01-01

Materials and procedures for microgravity electrophoresis of living human embryonic kidney cells were evaluated, ground support in the form of analytical cell electrophoresis and flow cytometry was provided and cells returned from space flight were analyzed. Preflight culture media, electrophoresis buffer, fraction collection media, temperature profiles, and urokinase assay procedures were tested prior to flight. Electrophoretic mobility distributions of aliquots of the cell population to be fractionated in flight were obtained. The protocol established and utilized is given.

Nonlinear viscoelastic characterization of structural adhesives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rochefort, M. A.; Brinson, H. F.

1983-01-01

Measurements of the nonliner viscoelastic behavior of two adhesives, FM-73 and FM-300, are presented and discussed. Analytical methods to quantify the measurements are given and fitted into a framework of an accelerated testing and analysis procedure. The single integral model used is shown to function well and is analogous to a time-temperature stress-superposition procedure (TTSSP). Advantages and disadvantages of the creep power law method used in this study are given.

Considerations for Assessing Maximum Critical Temperatures in Small Ectothermic Animals: Insights from Leaf-Cutting Ants

PubMed Central

Ribeiro, Pedro Leite; Camacho, Agustín; Navas, Carlos Arturo

2012-01-01

The thermal limits of individual animals were originally proposed as a link between animal physiology and thermal ecology. Although this link is valid in theory, the evaluation of physiological tolerances involves some problems that are the focus of this study. One rationale was that heating rates shall influence upper critical limits, so that ecological thermal limits need to consider experimental heating rates. In addition, if thermal limits are not surpassed in experiments, subsequent tests of the same individual should yield similar results or produce evidence of hardening. Finally, several non-controlled variables such as time under experimental conditions and procedures may affect results. To analyze these issues we conducted an integrative study of upper critical temperatures in a single species, the ant Atta sexdens rubropiosa, an animal model providing large numbers of individuals of diverse sizes but similar genetic makeup. Our specific aims were to test the 1) influence of heating rates in the experimental evaluation of upper critical temperature, 2) assumptions of absence of physical damage and reproducibility, and 3) sources of variance often overlooked in the thermal-limits literature; and 4) to introduce some experimental approaches that may help researchers to separate physiological and methodological issues. The upper thermal limits were influenced by both heating rates and body mass. In the latter case, the effect was physiological rather than methodological. The critical temperature decreased during subsequent tests performed on the same individual ants, even one week after the initial test. Accordingly, upper thermal limits may have been overestimated by our (and typical) protocols. Heating rates, body mass, procedures independent of temperature and other variables may affect the estimation of upper critical temperatures. Therefore, based on our data, we offer suggestions to enhance the quality of measurements, and offer recommendations to authors aiming to compile and analyze databases from the literature. PMID:22384147

Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reilly, Thomas L. (Inventor); Jacobstein, A. Ronald (Inventor); Cramer, K. Elliott (Inventor)

2006-01-01

A method and apparatus for testing a material such as the water-wall tubes in boilers includes the use of a portable thermal line heater having radiation shields to control the amount of thermal radiation that reaches a thermal imager. A procedure corrects for variations in the initial temperature of the material being inspected. A method of calibrating the testing device to determine an equation relating thickness of the material to temperatures created by the thermal line heater uses empirical data derived from tests performed on test specimens for each material type, geometry, density, specific heat, speed at which the line heater is moved across the material and heat intensity.

Experiment to determine properties of packed particle beds and regenerators at cryogenic temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barclay, J. A.; Overton, W. C., Jr.; Stewart, W. F.; Sarangi, S.

1984-01-01

Studies related to the development of magnetic refrigeration and heat pump systems in temperature ranges from 4 K to ambient temperature and above have been conducted, taking into account the testing of the properties of packed-particle beds and regenerators at cryogenic temperatures as low as 4 K as an essential part of these studies. The present paper provides a description of the developed experimental apparatus and presents the results of recent measurements on packed-particle beds in the liquid helium and liquid nitrogen temperature ranges. Attention is given to a schematic of the apparatus and the data acquisition system, the various modes of gas flow, a schematic of a typical test bed with thermocouple positions, the calculation of transient heat transfer rates at different positions in the bed, the governing equations, and the procedures used for solving these equations.

9 CFR 381.66 - Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures. 381.66 Section 381.66 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT... Procedures § 381.66 Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures. (a) General. Temperatures and...

Soil water content and evaporation determined by thermal parameters obtained from ground-based and remote measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reginato, R.; Idso, S.; Vedder, J.; Jackson, R.; Blanchard, M.; Goettelman, R.

1975-01-01

A procedure is presented for calculating 24-hour totals of evaporation from wet and drying soils. Its application requires a knowledge of the daily solar radiation, the maximum and minimum, air temperatures, moist surface albedo, and maximum and minimum surface temperatures. Tests of the technique on a bare field of Avondale loam at Phoenix, Arizona showed it to be independent of season.

Effect of proof testing on the flaw growth characteristics of 304 stainless steel. [crack propagation in welded joints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finger, R. W.

1974-01-01

The effects of proof overload frequency and magnitude on the cyclic crack growth rates of 304 stainless steel weldments were investigated. The welding procedure employed was typical of those used on over-the-road cryogenic vessels. Tests were conducted at room temperature with an overload ratio of 1.50 to determine the effect of overload frequency. Effect of overload magnitude was determined from tests where a room temperature overload was applied between blocks of 1000 cycles applied at 78 K (-320 F). The cyclic stress level used in all tests was typical of the nominal membrane stress generally encountered in full scale vessels. Test results indicate that judicious selection of proof overload frequency and magnitude can reduce crack growth rates for cyclic stress levels.

High Temperature Steam Electrolysis: Demonstration of Improved Long-Term Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. E. O'Brien; X. Zhang; R. C. O'Brien

2011-11-01

Long-term performance is an ongoing issue for hydrogen production based on high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE). For commercial deployment, solid-oxide electrolysis stacks must achieve high performance with long-term degradation rates of {approx}0.5%/1000 hours or lower. Significant progress has been achieved toward this goal over the past few years. This paper will provide details of progress achieved under the Idaho National Laboratory high temperature electrolysis research program. Recent long-term stack tests have achieved high initial performance with degradation rates less than 5%/khr. These tests utilize internally manifolded stacks with electrode-supported cells. The cell material sets are optimized for the electrolysis mode ofmore » operation. Details of the cells and stacks will be provided along with details of the test apparatus, procedures, and results.« less

Testing sugar maple sap for sweetness with a refractometer

Treesearch

H. Clay Smith; George M. Keiser

1971-01-01

We studied the consistency of refractometer sugar readings as influenced by sap evaporation, temperature, and the drying, cleaning, and calibration of the instrument. From the study results, we suggest field procedures for using the refractometer to insure reliable measurements.

40 CFR 86.245-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.245-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.220-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.220-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.243-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.243-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.207-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.207-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.225-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.225-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.217-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.217-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.241-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.241-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.210-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.210-94 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 86.212-94 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.212-94 [Reserved] ...

Tested Demonstrations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, George L., Ed.

1982-01-01

Three chemistry demonstrations are described: (1) modification of copper catalysis demonstration apparatus; (2) experiments in gas-liquid chromatography with simple gas chromatography at room temperature; and (3) equilibria in silver arsenate-arsenic acid and silver phosphate-phosphoric acid systems. Procedures and materials needed are provided.…

Qualification testing of solar photovoltaic powered refrigerator freezers for medical use in remote geographic locations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaszeta, W. J.

1982-12-01

One of the primary obstacles to the application of vaccination in developing countries is the lack of refrigerated storage. Vaccines exposed to elevated temperatures suffer a permanent loss of potency. Photovoltaic (PV) powered refrigerator/freezer (R/F) units could surmount the problem of refrigeration in remote areas where no reliable commercial power supply is available. The performance measurements of two different models of PV powered R/F units for medical use are presented. Qualification testing consisted of four major procedures: no-load pull down, ice making, steady-state (maintenance), and holdover. Both R/F units met the major World Health Organization (WHO) requirements. However, the testing performed does not provide complete characterization of the two units; such information could be derived only from further extensive test procedures.

Qualification testing of solar photovoltaic powered refrigerator freezers for medical use in remote geographic locations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaszeta, W. J.

1982-01-01

One of the primary obstacles to the application of vaccination in developing countries is the lack of refrigerated storage. Vaccines exposed to elevated temperatures suffer a permanent loss of potency. Photovoltaic (PV) powered refrigerator/freezer (R/F) units could surmount the problem of refrigeration in remote areas where no reliable commercial power supply is available. The performance measurements of two different models of PV powered R/F units for medical use are presented. Qualification testing consisted of four major procedures: no-load pull down, ice making, steady-state (maintenance), and holdover. Both R/F units met the major World Health Organization (WHO) requirements. However, the testing performed does not provide complete characterization of the two units; such information could be derived only from further extensive test procedures.

Fever after intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures in children.

PubMed

de Kunder, S L; Ter Laak-Poort, M P; Nicolai, J; Vles, J S H; Cornips, E M J

2016-06-01

The purpose of this paper was to study the incidence and clinical significance of fever after intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures in children. We retrospectively assessed all children subjected to an intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedure between 2004 and 2015. Body temperature 6 days postoperatively, symptoms and signs, and eventual cerebrospinal fluid analysis were evaluated. Fever was defined as temperature above 38 °C. Fifty-five children (mean age 4.8 years) had 67 procedures. Forty-three children (47 procedures, 70 %) developed fever, mostly the day of surgery (n = 17; 25 %) or the next day (n = 33; 49 %). All children who were clinically ill (n = 9, including 7 with fever) suffered serious illness, as opposed to none of the children with fever without being clinically ill (n = 36). Fever was unrelated to gender, indication for, and type of procedure and did not influence ETV success rate at 3 months. Children under 1 year less frequently developed fever (p = 0.032). Fever frequently develops after intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedures in children and follows a rather predictable course, peaking the day of surgery and/or the next day, and rapidly subsiding thereafter. Fever is not a cardinal symptom except when combined with other symptoms in children who are clinically ill (which most of them are not). Close observation avoiding invasive diagnostic tests may suffice for those who are not clinically ill, while extra attention should be paid to those whose temperature rises after day 2 especially when clinically ill, as they likely suffer serious illness. We recommend to closely observe children after any intraventricular neuroendoscopic procedure for at least 5 days.

Experimental characterization of nonlinear, rate-dependent behavior in advanced polymer matrix composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gates, Thomas S.

1992-01-01

In order to support materials selection for the next-generation supersonic civilian-passenger transport aircraft, a study has been undertaken to evaluate the material stress/strain relationships needed to describe advanced polymer matrix composites under conditions of high load and elevated temperature. As part of this effort, this paper describes the materials testing which was performed to investigate the viscoplastic behavior of graphite/thermoplastic and graphite/bismaleimide composites. Test procedures, results and data-reduction schemes which were developed for generating material constants for tension and compression loading, over a range of useful temperatures, are explained.

Development of techniques and associated instrumentation for high temperature emissivity measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cunnington, G. R.; Funai, A. I.

1972-01-01

The calibrating and testing procedures for the radiometric emittance measurement apparatus are described. Test results are given for the NBS platinum-rhodium standard (SRM No. 1409), the NBS oxidized Kanthal standard, and the oxidized Rene 41 materials. Results indicate that with the platinum-rhodium standard the measurement system compared with the NBS data to within 0.02 for both total and spectral normal emitttance. Data from the Kanthal strip was consistently higher than NBS values. For oxidized Rene 41, no significant changes in as prepared emittance was observed. The emittance was stable for temperatures up to 1150 K.

40 CFR 94.104 - Test procedures for Category 2 marine engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... representative of typical in-use marine engine conditions. (c) Conduct testing at ambient temperatures from 13 °C... section that are necessary to comply with the general provisions of § 94.102. (e) Measure CO2 as described in 40 CFR 92.129 through the 2010 model year. Measure CO2 as specified in 40 CFR 1042.235 starting in...

40 CFR 94.104 - Test procedures for Category 2 marine engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... representative of typical in-use marine engine conditions. (c) Conduct testing at ambient temperatures from 13 °C... section that are necessary to comply with the general provisions of § 94.102. (e) Measure CO2 as described in 40 CFR 92.129 through the 2010 model year. Measure CO2 as specified in 40 CFR 1042.235 starting in...

40 CFR 94.104 - Test procedures for Category 2 marine engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... representative of typical in-use marine engine conditions. (c) Conduct testing at ambient temperatures from 13 °C... section that are necessary to comply with the general provisions of § 94.102. (e) Measure CO2 as described in 40 CFR 92.129 through the 2010 model year. Measure CO2 as specified in 40 CFR 1042.235 starting in...

40 CFR 86.159-00 - Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled and... analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. (b) Dynamometer activities. (1) All official US06 tests shall be... pumps, the temperature recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC analysis recorder (diesel...

40 CFR 86.159-00 - Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled and... analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. (b) Dynamometer activities. (1) All official US06 tests shall be... pumps, the temperature recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC analysis recorder (diesel...

40 CFR 86.159-00 - Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled and... analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. (b) Dynamometer activities. (1) All official US06 tests shall be... pumps, the temperature recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC analysis recorder (diesel...

40 CFR 86.159-00 - Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. For petroleum-fueled diesel-cycle vehicles, THC is sampled and... analyzed for THC, CO, CO2, CH4, and NOX. (b) Dynamometer activities. (1) All official US06 tests shall be... pumps, the temperature recorder, the vehicle cooling fan, and the heated THC analysis recorder (diesel...

10 CFR Appendix R to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring Average Lamp Efficacy (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of Electric Lamps R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part...

10 CFR Appendix R to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring Average Lamp Efficacy (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of Electric Lamps R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part...

10 CFR Appendix R to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring Average Lamp Efficacy (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of Electric Lamps R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part...

10 CFR Appendix R to Subpart B of... - Uniform Test Method for Measuring Average Lamp Efficacy (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (LE), Color Rendering Index (CRI), and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of Electric Lamps R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part 430 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS Test Procedures Pt. 430, Subpt. B, App. R Appendix R to Subpart B of Part...

78 FR 675 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-04

... WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, PDF, or ASCII file format, and avoid the use of special characters or any... furnaces and boilers is found at 10 CFR 430.23(n) and 10 CFR part 430, subpart B, appendix N, Uniform Test... such as fuel calorific value, weight of condensate, water flow and temperature, voltage, and flue gas...

Sliding durability of two carbide-oxide candidate high temperature fiber seal materials in air to 900 C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dellacorte, Christopher; Steinetz, Bruce M.

1992-01-01

A test program to determine the friction and wear properties of two complex carbide oxide ceramic fibers for high temperature sliding seal applications is described. The fibers are based on Si, C, O, and Ti or Si, C, N, and O ceramic systems. Pin on disk tests using ceramic fiber covered pins and Inconel 718 disks, were conducted in air from 25 to 900 C to evaluate potential seal materials. This testing procedure was used in a previous study of oxide ceramic fibers which were found to exhibit wear behavior based predominantly on their mechanical properties. Like the oxide fibers tested previously, these carbide oxide ceramic fibers, show an increase in friction and wear with increased test temperature. At room temperature, the wear behavior seems to be based upon mechanical properties, namely tensile strength. At 500 and especially 900 C, the fibers wear by both mechanical fracture and by oxidative type wear. Based upon post test microscopic and x ray analyses, interaction between the fiber constituents and elements transferred from the counterface, namely Ni and Cr, may have occurred enhancing the tribochemical wear process. These results are interpreted.

Calibration of sonic valves for the laminar flow control, leading-edge flight test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petley, D. H.; Alexander, W., Jr.; Wright, A. S., Jr.; Vallas, M.

1985-01-01

Sonic needle valves were calibrated to measure and control airflow in the suction system for the leading-edge flight test. The procedure and results for the calibration flow test of 4:41 flight valves are given. Mass-flow rates, which ranged from 0.001 to 0.012 lbm/sec, and maximum back pressure were measured for total temperatures from -30 F to 75 F and total pressures from 120 to 540 psf. Correlating equations are obtained for mass-flow rate as a function of total pressure, total temperature, and valve opening length. The most important aspect of flow measurement and control is found to be the measurement of valve opening length.

Analysis of oil lubricated, fluid film, thrust bearings with allowance for temperature dependent viscosity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pan, C. H. T.; Malanoski, S. B.

1972-01-01

A preliminary design study was performed to seek a fluid-film thrust bearing design intended to be part of a high-speed, hybrid (rolling element/fluid film) bearing configuration. The base line used is a design previously tested. To improve the accuracy of theoretical predictions of load capacity, flow rate, and friction power loss, an analytical procedure was developed to include curvature effects inherent in thrust bearings and to allow for the temperature rise in the fluid due to viscous heating. Also, a narrow-groove approximation in the treatment of the temperature field was formulated to apply the procedure to the Whipple thrust bearing. A comparative trade-off study was carried out assuming isothermal films; its results showed the shrouded-step design to be superior to the Whipple design for the intended application. An extensive parametric study was performed, employing isoviscous calculations, to determine the optimized design, which was subsequently recalculated allowing for temperature effects.

A two-scale model of radio-frequency electrosurgical tissue ablation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karaki, Wafaa; Rahul; Lopez, Carlos A.; Borca-Tasciuc, Diana-Andra; De, Suvranu

2017-12-01

Radio-frequency electrosurgical procedures are widely used to simultaneously dissect and coagulate tissue. Experiments suggest that evaporation of cellular and intra-cellular water plays a significant role in the evolution of the temperature field at the tissue level, which is not adequately captured in a single scale energy balance equation. Here, we propose a two-scale model to study the effects of microscale phase change and heat dissipation in response to radiofrequency heating on the tissue level in electrosurgical ablation procedures. At the microscale, the conservation of mass along with thermodynamic and mechanical equilibrium is applied to obtain an equation-of-state relating vapor mass fraction to temperature and pressure. The evaporation losses are incorporated in the macro-level energy conservation and results are validated with mean experimental temperature distributions measured from electrosurgical ablation testing on ex vivo porcine liver at different power settings of the electrosurgical instrument. Model prediction of water loss and its effect on the temperature along with the effect of the mechanical properties on results are evaluated and discussed.

Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurements on Surfaces with Non-Uniform Temperature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bencic, Timothy J.

1999-01-01

Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) has become a useful tool to augment conventional pressure taps in measuring the surface pressure distribution of aerodynamic components in wind tunnel testing. While the PSP offers the advantage of a non-intrusive global mapping of the surface pressure, one prominent drawback to the accuracy of this technique is the inherent temperature sensitivity of the coating's luminescent intensity. A typical aerodynamic surface PSP test has relied on the coated surface to be both spatially and temporally isothermal, along with conventional instrumentation for an in situ calibration to generate the highest accuracy pressure mappings. In some tests however, spatial and temporal thermal gradients are generated by the nature of the test as in a blowing jet impinging on a surface. In these cases, the temperature variations on the painted surface must be accounted for in order to yield high accuracy and reliable data. A new temperature correction technique was developed at NASA Lewis to collapse a "family" of PSP calibration curves to a single intensity ratio versus pressure curve. This correction allows a streamlined procedure to be followed whether or not temperature information is used in the data reduction of the PSP. This paper explores the use of conventional instrumentation such as thermocouples and pressure taps along with temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) to correct for the thermal gradients that exist in aeropropulsion PSP tests. Temperature corrected PSP measurements for both a supersonic mixer ejector and jet cavity interaction tests are presented.

Evaluation of cleaning and disinfection performance of automatic washer disinfectors machines in programs presenting different cycle times and temperatures.

PubMed

Bergo, Maria do Carmo Noronha Cominato

2006-01-01

Thermal washer-disinfectors represent a technology that brought about great advantages such as, establishment of protocols, standard operating procedures, reduction in occupational risk of a biological and environmental nature. The efficacy of the cleaning and disinfection obtained by automatic washer disinfectors machines in running programs with different times and temperatures determined by the different official agencies was validated according to recommendations from ISO Standards 15883-1/1999 and HTM2030 (NHS Estates, 1997) for the determining of the Minimum Lethality and DAL both theoretically and through the use with thermocouples. In order to determine the cleaning efficacy, the Soil Test, Biotrace Pro-tect and the Protein Test Kit were used. The procedure to verify the CFU count of viable microorganisms was performed before and after the thermal disinfection. This article shows that the results are in compliance with the ISO and HTM Standards. The validation steps confirmed the high efficacy level of the Medical Washer-Disinfectors. This protocol enabled the evaluation of the procedure based on evidence supported by scientific research, aiming at the support of the Supply Center multi-professional personnel with information and the possibility of developing further research.

Comparison between instrumented precracked Charpy and compact specimen tests of carbon steels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nanstad, R.K.

1980-01-01

The General Atomic Company High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) is housed within a prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV). Various carbon steel structural members serve as closures at penetrations in the vessel. A program of testing and evaluation is underway to determine the need for reference fracture toughness (K/sub IR/) and indexing procedures for these materials as described in Appendix G to Section III, ASME Code for light water reactor steels. The materials of interest are carbon steel forgings (SA508, Class 1) and plates (SA537, Classes 1 and 2) as well as weldments of these steels. The fracture toughness behavior ismore » characterized with instrumented precracked Charpy V-votch specimens (PCVN) - slow-bend and dynamic - and compact specimens (10-mm and 25-mm thicknesses) using both linear elastic (ASTM E399) and elastic-plastic (equivalent Energy and J-Integral) analytical procedures. For the dynamic PCVN tests, force-time traces are analyzed according to the procedures of the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC)/Metal Properties Council (MPC). Testing and analytical procedures are discussed and PCVN results are compared to those obtained with compact specimens.« less

Effect of post cure time and temperature on the properties of two phenolic-fiber composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lucy, M. H.; Price, H. L.

1975-01-01

Some effects of post-cure time and temperature on the physicomechanical properties of a phenolic-asbestos and a phenolic-glass composite are studied. The molding and post-curing procedures are discussed along with physical and mechanical test results. It is found that the specific gravity of the panels tested decreased slightly but the hardness always increased with post cure, and that the mechanical properties had different patterns of response to increasing post-cure time and temperature. For tensile properties, strength decreased, modulus increased, and elongation at break exhibited little change. In general, the phenolic-asbestos showed more positive response to post cure than did the phenolic-glass. Mold venting is found to impart better properties to the composites concerned.

Roughness induced transition and heat transfer augmentation in hypersonic environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wassel, A. T.; Shih, W. C. L.; Courtney, J. F.

Boundary layer transition and surface heating distributions on graphite, fine weave carbon-carbon, and metallic nosetip materials were derived from surface temperature responses measured in nitrogen environments during both free-flight and track-guided testing in hypersonic environments. Innovative test procedures were developed, and heat transfer results were validated against established theory through experiments using a super-smooth tungsten model. Quantitative definitions of mean transition front locations were established by deriving heat flux distributions from measured temperatures, and comparisons made with existing nosetip transition correlations. Qualitative transition locations were inferred directly from temperature distributions to investigate preferred orientations on fine weave nosetips. Levels of roughness augmented heat transfer were generally shown to be below values predicted by state-of-the-art methods.

Procedure for developing experimental designs for accelerated tests for service-life prediction. [for solar cell modules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, R. E.; Gaines, G. B.

1978-01-01

Recommended design procedures to reduce the complete factorial design by retaining information on anticipated important interaction effects, and by generally giving up information on unconditional main effects are discussed. A hypothetical photovoltaic module used in the test design is presented. Judgments were made of the relative importance of various environmental stresses such as UV radiation, abrasion, chemical attack, temperature, mechanical stress, relative humidity and voltage. Consideration is given to a complete factorial design and its graphical representation, elimination of selected test conditions, examination and improvement of an engineering design, and parametric study. The resulting design consists of a mix of conditional main effects and conditional interactions and represents a compromise between engineering and statistical requirements.

Airflow reduction during cold weather operation of residential heat recovery ventilators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGugan, C.A.; Edwards, P.F.; Riley, M.A.

1987-06-01

Laboratory measurements of the performance of residential heat recovery ventilators have been carried out for the R-2000 Energy Efficient Home Program. This work was based on a preliminary test procedure developed by the Canadian Standards Association, part of which calls for testing the HRV under cold weather conditions. An environmental chamber was used to simulate outdoor conditions. Initial tests were carried out with an outdoor temperature of -20/sup 0/C; subsequent tests were carried out at a temperature of -25/sup 0/C. During the tests, airflows, temperatures, and relative humidities of airstreams entering and leaving the HRV, along with electric power inputs,more » were monitored. Frost buildup in the heat exchangers and defrost mechanisms, such as fan shutoff or recirculation, led to reductions in airflows. The magnitude of the reductions is dependent on the design of the heat exchanger and the defrost mechanism used. This paper presents the results of tests performed on a number of HRVs commercially available in Canada at the time of the testing. The flow reductions for the various defrost mechanisms are discussed.« less

Fatigue design procedure for the American SST prototype

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doty, R. J.

1972-01-01

For supersonic airline operations, significantly higher environmental temperature is the primary new factor affecting structural service life. Methods for incorporating the influence of temperature in detailed fatigue analyses are shown along with current test indications. Thermal effects investigated include real-time compared with short-time testing, long-time temperature exposure, and stress-temperature cycle phasing. A method is presented which allows designers and stress analyzers to check fatigue resistance of structural design details. A communicative rating system is presented which defines the relative fatigue quality of the detail so that the analyst can define cyclic-load capability of the design detail by entering constant-life charts for varying detail quality. If necessary then, this system allows the designer to determine ways to improve the fatigue quality for better life or to determine the operating stresses which will provide the required service life.

40 CFR 63.1325 - Batch process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the gas stream...), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.1325 - Batch process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the gas stream...), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.1325 - Batch process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the gas stream...), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP...

Report on FY15 Alloy 617 SMT Creep-Fatigue Test Results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Yanli; Jetter, Robert I.; Baird, Seth T.

For the temperature range of 990-950C, Alloy 617 is a candidate IHX structural material for high temperature gas reactors (HTGRs) because of its high temperature creep properties. Also, its superior strength over a broad temperature range also offers advantages for certain component applications. In order for the designers to be able to use Alloy 617 for these high temperature components, Alloy 617 has to be approved for use in Section III (the nuclear section) of the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. A plan has been developed to propose a Code Case for use ofmore » Alloy 617 at elevated temperature in Section III of the ASME Code by September 2015. There has not been a new high temperature material approved for use in Section III for almost 20 years. The Alloy 617 Code Case effort would lead the way to establish a path for Code qualification of new high temperature materials of interest to other advanced SMRs. Creep-fatigue at elevated temperatures is the most damaging structural failure mode. In the past 40 years significant efforts have been devoted to the elevated temperature Code rule development in Section III, Subsection NH* of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, to ascertain conservative structural designs to prevent creep-fatigue failure. The current Subsection NH creep-fatigue procedure was established by the steps of (1) analytically obtaining a detailed stress-strain history, (2) comparing the stress and strain components to cyclic test results deconstructed into stress and strain quantities, and (3) recombining the results to obtain a damage function in the form of the so-called creep-fatigue damage-diagram. The deconstruction and recombination present difficulties in evaluation of test data and determination of cyclic damage in design. The uncertainties in these steps lead to the use of overly conservative design factors in the current creep-fatigue procedure. In addition, and of major significance to the viability of the Alloy 617 Code Case, the use of the current elastic analysis based rules in Subsection NH for the evaluation of strain limits (a precursor for the creep-fatigue rules) and the creep-fatigue rules themselves have been deemed inappropriate for Alloy 617 at temperatures above 650C (Corum and Brass, 1991). The rationale for this exclusion is that at higher temperatures it is not feasible to decouple plasticity and creep, which is the basis for the current simplified rules. This temperature, 650C, is well below the temperature range of interest for this material for the High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) as well as the VHTR. The only current alternative is, thus, a full inelastic analysis which requires sophisticated material models which have not yet been formulated and verified. To address the prohibition on the use of current methods at very high temperatures, proposed Code rules have been developed which are based on the use of elastic-perfectly plastic (E-PP) analysis methods and which are expected to be applicable to very high temperatures. To provide data to implement the proposed rules and to verify their application, a series of tests have been initiated. One test concept, the Simplified Model Test (SMT), takes into account the stress and strain redistribution in real structures by including representative follow-up characteristics in the test specimen. The correlation parameter between test and design is the elastically calculated strain, and the dependent test variable is the observed cycles to failure. Although the initial priority for the SMT approach is to generate data to support validation of the E-PP Code Case for evaluation of creep-fatigue damage, the broader goal of the SMT approach is to develop a methodology for evaluation of creep fatigue damage which is simpler to implement than the current complex rules and applicable to the full temperature range from ambient conditions to the very high temperature creep regime of 900-950C. Also, guidance has been received from ASME Code committees that the proposed EPP methodology for evaluation of creep-fatigue damage should be extended to the other Subsection NH materials to the extent feasible. Thus, the scope of testing has been expanded to include SS304H and SS316H. This report describes the SMT approach and the development of testing capability to conduct SMT experiments on Alloy 617 and 304H and 316H and stainless steels. These SMT specimen data are also representative of component loading conditions and have been used as part of the verification of the proposed elastic-perfectly plastic Code Cases. Results from the SMT tests on both Alloy 617 and SS316H were compared to the predictions from the EPP Creep-Fatigue Code Case. Two different comparisons were made; one based on design life equal to the test duration and the other with an acceptable design life determined from the EPP Code Case procedure. The latter approach permits the determination of...« less

Influence of specimen dimensions on ductile-to-brittle transition temperature in Charpy impact test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rzepa, S.; Bucki, T.; Konopík, P.; Džugan, J.; Rund, M.; Procházka, R.

2017-02-01

This paper discusses the correlation between specimen dimensions and transition temperature. Notch toughness properties of Standard Charpy-V specimens are compared to samples with lower width (7.5 mm, 5 mm, 2.5 mm) and sub-size Charpy specimens with cross section 3×4. In this study transition curves are correlated with lateral ductile part of fracture related ones for 5 considered geometries. Based on the results obtained, correlation procedure for transition temperature determination of full size specimens defined by fracture appearance of sub-sized specimens is proposed.

Methodology and results of calculating central California surface temperature trends: Evidence of human-induced climate change?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Christy, J.R.; Norris, W.B.; Redmond, K.; Gallo, K.P.

2006-01-01

A procedure is described to construct time series of regional surface temperatures and is then applied to interior central California stations to test the hypothesis that century-scale trend differences between irrigated and nonirrigated regions may be identified. The procedure requires documentation of every point in time at which a discontinuity in a station record may have occurred through (a) the examination of metadata forms (e.g., station moves) and (b) simple statistical tests. From this "homogeneous segments" of temperature records for each station are defined. Biases are determined for each segment relative to all others through a method employing mathematical graph theory. The debiased segments are then merged, forming a complete regional time series. Time series of daily maximum and minimum temperatures for stations in the irrigated San Joaquin Valley (Valley) and nearby nonirrigated Sierra Nevada (Sierra) were generated for 1910-2003. Results show that twentieth-century Valley minimum temperatures are warming at a highly significant rate in all seasons, being greatest in summer and fall (> +0.25??C decade-1). The Valley trend of annual mean temperatures is +0.07?? ?? 0.07??C decade-1. Sierra summer and fall minimum temperatures appear to be cooling, but at a less significant rate, while the trend of annual mean Sierra temperatures is an unremarkable -0.02?? ?? 0.10??C decade-1. A working hypothesis is that the relative positive trends in Valley minus Sierra minima (>0.4??C decade-1 for summer and fall) are related to the altered surface environment brought about by the growth of irrigated agriculture, essentially changing a high-albedo desert into a darker, moister, vegetated plain. ?? 2006 American Meteorological Society.

Metallurgical evaluation of factors influencing the ductility of aged T-111

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gold, R. E.

1972-01-01

The metallurgical factors influencing the ductility of T-111 (Ta-8W-2Hf) alloy following long-time exposures of GTA welds and tubing in the temperature range 982 C (1800 F) through 1316 C (2400 F) were evaluated by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron emission spectroscopy, and optical metallographic procedures. No classical aging response occurs in the alloy over the temperature range studied. The ductility impairment implied by previous investigations is not the result of microstructural response of the alloy to thermal exposures. Intergranular failure in the GTA sheet welds appears the result of random contamination by silicon, potassium, and/or fluorine at the grain boundaries of the fusion zones. Exposure to lithium at high temperatures had no adverse effects on the ductility of T-111 tubing. These materials were, however, sensitive to post-age handling and testing procedures.

Assessment of anxiety in open field and elevated plus maze using infrared thermography.

PubMed

Lecorps, Benjamin; Rödel, Heiko G; Féron, Christophe

2016-04-01

Due to their direct inaccessibility, affective states are classically assessed by gathering concomitant physiological and behavioral measures. Although such a dual approach to assess emotional states is frequently used in different species including humans, the invasiveness of procedures for physiological recordings particularly in smaller-sized animals strongly restricts their application. We used infrared thermography, a non-invasive method, to assess physiological arousal during open field and elevated plus maze tests in mice. By measuring changes in surface temperature indicative of the animals' emotional response, we aimed to improve the inherently limited and still controversial information provided by behavioral parameters commonly used in these tests. Our results showed significant and consistent thermal responses during both tests, in accordance with classical physiological responses occurring in stressful situations. Besides, we found correlations between these thermal responses and the occurrence of anxiety-related behaviors. Furthermore, initial temperatures measured at the start of each procedure (open field, elevated plus maze), which can be interpreted as a measure of the animals' initial physiological arousal, predicted the levels of activity and of anxiety-related behaviors displayed during the tests. Our results stress the strong link between physiological correlates of emotions and behaviors expressed during unconditioned fear tests. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electric and hybrid vehicles charge efficiency tests of ESB EV-106 lead acid batteries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rowlette, J. J.

1981-01-01

Charge efficiencies were determined by measurements made under widely differing conditions of temperature, charge procedure, and battery age. The measurements were used to optimize charge procedures and to evaluate the concept of a modified, coulometric state of charge indicator. Charge efficiency determinations were made by measuring gassing rates and oxygen fractions. A novel, positive displacement gas flow meter which proved to be both simple and highly accurate is described and illustrated.

Survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in estuarine environments.

PubMed Central

Rhodes, M W; Kator, H

1988-01-01

Survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in estuarine waters was compared over a variety of seasonal temperatures during in situ exposure in diffusion chambers. Sublethal stress was measured by both selective-versus-resuscitative enumeration procedures and an electrochemical detection method. E. coli and Salmonella spp. test suspensions, prepared to minimize sublethal injury, were exposed in a shallow tidal creek and at a site 7.1 km further downriver. Bacterial die-off and sublethal stress in filtered estuarine water were inversely related to water temperature. Salmonella spp. populations exhibited significantly less die-off and stress than did E. coli at water temperatures of less than 10 degrees C. Although the most pronounced reductions (ca. 3 log units) in test bacteria occurred during seasonally warm temperatures in the presence of the autochthonous microbiota, 10(2) to 10(4) test cells per ml remained after 2 weeks of exposure to temperatures of greater than 15 degrees C. Reductions in test bacteria were associated with increases in the densities of microflagellates and plaque-forming microorganisms. These studies demonstrated the survival potential of enteric bacteria in estuarine waters and showed that survival was a function of interacting biological and physical factors. PMID:3066291

Evaluation of a Schatz heat battery on a flexible-fueled vehicle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piotrowski, Gregory K.; Schaefer, Ronald M.

1991-09-01

The evaluation is described of a Schatz Heat Battery as a means of reducing cold start emissions from a motor vehicle fueled with both gasoline and M85 high methanol blend fuel. The evaluation was conducted at both 20 and 75 F ambient temperatures. The test vehicle was a flexible fueled 1990 Audi 80 supplied by Volkswagen of America. A description is included of the test vehicle, the test facilities, the analytical methods and test procedures used.

Evaluation of a Schatz heat battery on a flexible-fueled vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Piotrowski, G.K.; Schaefer, R.M.

The report describes the evaluation of a Schatz Heat Battery as a means of reducing cold start emissions from a motor vehicle fueled with both gasoline and M85 high methanol blend fuel. The evaluation was conducted at both 20 F and 75 F ambient temperatures. The test vehicle was a flexible-fueled 1990 Audi 80 supplied by Volkswagen of America. The report also includes a description of the test vehicle, the test facilities, the analytical methods and test procedures used.

Users' guide on socket heat fusion joining of polyethylene gas pipes. Volume 1. Topical report, September 1989-September 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pimputkar, S.M.; McCoy, J.K.; Stets, J.A.

1991-03-01

The integrity of a pipeline system is determined by its weakest links which may be the joints. Heat fusion is the most common method for joining gas distribution polyethylene (PE) piping. There are procedural, thermal, and mechanical aspects of making fusion joints. Acceptable procedural aspects, such as heater calibration and cleanliness, can be assured by rigorous training and certification of the operators. Thermal and mechanical aspects consist of specifying joining conditions such as the heater temperature, heating time, and joining pressure. In the absence of procedural errors, the strength of a fusion joint should depend on the pipe material, pipemore » dimensions, and the thermal and mechanical joining conditions. Socket heat fusion was studied both experimentally and analytically to determine how the strength of the joint varied with the conditions under which it was made. The standard tensile impact test was modified to test socket fusion joint samples in shear. The developed shear impact energy test data were found to be reliable measures of strength if the setups for conditions were meticulously identical. A parameter, termed the socket joining parameter, was found to characterize the joining conditions. It is a strong function of melt volume at the end of the heating phase, and physically, it is polyethylene transported parallel to the axis during insertion. The results for three resins are presented in the form of three nomographs. The nomographs may be used to select the required heater temperature or the heating time, for a given ambient temperature and a PE resin, to ensure a structurally sound socket heat fusion joint.« less

Technical reference on socket heat fusion joining of polyethylene gas pipes. Volume 2. Topical Report, September 1989-September 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pimputkar, S.M.; McCoy, J.K.; Stets, J.A.

1991-03-01

The integrity of a pipeline system is determined by its weakest links which may be the joints. Heat fusion is the most common method for joining gas distribution polyethylene (PE) piping. There are procedural, thermal, and mechanical aspects of making fusion joints. Acceptable procedural aspects, such as heater calibration and cleanliness, can be assured by rigorous training and certification of the operators. Thermal and mechanical aspects consist of specifying joining conditions such as the heater temperature, heating time, and joining pressure. In the absence of procedural errors, the strength of a fusion joint should depend on the pipe material, pipemore » dimensions, and the thermal and mechanical joining conditions. Socket heat fusion was studied both experimentally and analytically to determine how the strength of the joint varied with the conditions under which it was made. The standard tensile impact test was modified to test socket fusion joint samples in shear. The developed shear impact energy test data were found to be reliable measures of strength if the setup conditions were meticulously identical. A parameter, termed the socket joining parameter, was found to characterize the joining conditions. It is a strong function of melt volume at the end of the heating phase, and, physically, it is polyethylene transported parallel to the axis during insertion. The results for three resins are presented in the form of three nomographs. The nomographs may be used to select the required heater temperature or the heating time, for a given ambient temperature and a PE resin, to ensure a structurally sound socket heat fusion joint.« less

Temperature Control with Two Parallel Small Loop Heat Pipes for GLM Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khrustalev, Dmitry; Stouffer, Chuck; Ku, Jentung; Hamilton, Jon; Anderson, Mark

2014-01-01

The concept of temperature control of an electronic component using a single Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) is well established for Aerospace applications. Using two LHPs is often desirable for redundancy/reliability reasons or for increasing the overall heat source-sink thermal conductance. This effort elaborates on temperature controlling operation of a thermal system that includes two small ammonia LHPs thermally coupled together at the evaporator end as well as at the condenser end and operating "in parallel". A transient model of the LHP system was developed on the Thermal Desktop (TradeMark) platform to understand some fundamental details of such parallel operation of the two LHPs. Extensive thermal-vacuum testing was conducted with two thermally coupled LHPs operating simultaneously as well as with only one LHP operating at a time. This paper outlines the temperature control procedures for two LHPs operating simultaneously with widely varying sink temperatures. The test data obtained during the thermal-vacuum testing, with both LHPs running simultaneously in comparison with only one LHP operating at a time, are presented with detailed explanations.

Constitutive modeling for isotropic materials (HOST)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, Kwai S.; Lindholm, Ulric S.; Bodner, S. R.; Hill, Jeff T.; Weber, R. M.; Meyer, T. G.

1986-01-01

The results of the third year of work on a program which is part of the NASA Hot Section Technology program (HOST) are presented. The goals of this program are: (1) the development of unified constitutive models for rate dependent isotropic materials; and (2) the demonstration of the use of unified models in structural analyses of hot section components of gas turbine engines. The unified models selected for development and evaluation are those of Bodner-Partom and of Walker. A test procedure was developed for assisting the generation of a data base for the Bodner-Partom model using a relatively small number of specimens. This test procedure involved performing a tensile test at a temperature of interest that involves a succession of strain-rate changes. The results for B1900+Hf indicate that material constants related to hardening and thermal recovery can be obtained on the basis of such a procedure. Strain aging, thermal recovery, and unexpected material variations, however, preluded an accurate determination of the strain-rate sensitivity parameter is this exercise. The effects of casting grain size on the constitutive behavior of B1900+Hf were studied and no particular grain size effect was observed. A systematic procedure was also developed for determining the material constants in the Bodner-Partom model. Both the new test procedure and the method for determining material constants were applied to the alternate material, Mar-M247 . Test data including tensile, creep, cyclic and nonproportional biaxial (tension/torsion) loading were collected. Good correlations were obtained between the Bodner-Partom model and experiments. A literature survey was conducted to assess the effects of thermal history on the constitutive behavior of metals. Thermal history effects are expected to be present at temperature regimes where strain aging and change of microstructure are important. Possible modifications to the Bodner-Partom model to account for these effects are outlined. The use of a unified constitutive model for hot section component analyses was demonstrated by applying the Walker model and the MARC finite-element code to a B1900+Hf airfoil problem.

Evaluation of platinum resistance thermometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daryabeigi, Kamran; Dillon-Townes, Lawrence A.

1988-01-01

An evaluation procedure for the characterization of industrial platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) for use in the temperature range -120 to 160 C was investigated. This evaluation procedure consisted of calibration, thermal stability and hysteresis testing of four surface measuring PRTs. Five different calibration schemes were investigated for these sensors. The IPTS-68 formulation produced the most accurate result, yielding average sensor systematic error of 0.02 C and random error of 0.1 C. The sensors were checked for thermal stability by successive and thermal cycling between room temperature, 160 C, and boiling point of nitrogen. All the PRTs suffered from instability and hysteresis. The applicability of the self-heating technique as an in situ method for checking the calibration of PRTs located inside wind tunnels was investigated.

Development of gas-pressure bonding process for air-cooled turbine blades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meiners, K. E.

1972-01-01

An investigation was conducted on the application of gas-pressure bonding to the joining of components for convectively cooled turbine blades and vanes. A processing procedure was established for joining the fins of Udimet 700 and TD NiCr sheet metal airfoil shells to cast B1900 struts without the use of internal support tooling. Alternative methods employing support tooling were investigated. Testing procedures were developed and employed to determine shear strengths and internal burst pressures of flat and cylindrical bonded finned shell configurations at room temperature and 1750 F. Strength values were determined parallel and transverse to the cooling fin direction. The effect of thermal cycles from 1750 F to room temperature on strength was also investigated.

Characterizing (rating) the performance of large photovoltaic arrays for all operating conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

King, D.L.; Eckert, P.E.

1996-06-01

A new method has been developed for characterizing the electrical performance of photovoltaic arrays. The method provides both a ``rating`` at standard reporting conditions and a rigorous yet straightforward model for predicting array performance at all operating conditions. For the first time, the performance model handles the influences of irradiance, module temperature, solar spectrum, solar angle-of-incidence, and temperature coefficients, in a practical way. Validity of the procedure was confirmed during field testing of a 25-kW array recently installed by Arizona Public Service Co. on Carol Spring Mountain (which powers microwave, ceullular phone, and TV communictions equipment). This paper describes themore » characterization procedure, measured array performance, and the predictive model.« less

40 CFR 60.5413 - What are the performance testing procedures for control devices used to demonstrate compliance at...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... reading for each 60-minute THC test. Record the gas pressure and temperature at 5-minute intervals... paragraph (d)(8) of this section. (iv) THC must be determined as specified in paragraph (d)(9) of this...) Conduct THC sampling using Method 25A, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7, except that the option for locating...

76 FR 62644 - Request To Consider Automatic Termination Controls

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-11

... Consider Automatic Termination Controls AGENCY: Office of the General Counsel, Department of Energy (DOE... dryer test procedure be amended to address the effectiveness of automatic termination controls such as moisture and temperature sensor controls. Public comment is requested on whether DOE should grant the...

40 CFR 86.221-94 - Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. 86.221-94 Section 86.221-94 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.221-94 Hydrocarbon analyzer...

40 CFR 86.221-94 - Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration. 86.221-94 Section 86.221-94 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.221-94 Hydrocarbon analyzer...

Quantitative Accelerated Life Testing of MEMS Accelerometers.

PubMed

Bâzu, Marius; Gălăţeanu, Lucian; Ilian, Virgil Emil; Loicq, Jerome; Habraken, Serge; Collette, Jean-Paul

2007-11-20

Quantitative Accelerated Life Testing (QALT) is a solution for assessing thereliability of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). A procedure for QALT is shownin this paper and an attempt to assess the reliability level for a batch of MEMSaccelerometers is reported. The testing plan is application-driven and contains combinedtests: thermal (high temperature) and mechanical stress. Two variants of mechanical stressare used: vibration (at a fixed frequency) and tilting. Original equipment for testing at tiltingand high temperature is used. Tilting is appropriate as application-driven stress, because thetilt movement is a natural environment for devices used for automotive and aerospaceapplications. Also, tilting is used by MEMS accelerometers for anti-theft systems. The testresults demonstrated the excellent reliability of the studied devices, the failure rate in the"worst case" being smaller than 10 -7 h -1 .

Sliding Contact Bearings for Service to 700 C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sliney, Harold E.

1996-01-01

Cylindrical, sliding contact bearings made entirely of a self-lubricating powder metallurgy composite (PM212) or of super alloy shells lined with clad PM212 were tested in an oscillating mode at temperatures from 25 to 700 C. Tests of 100 hr duration or longer were conducted at a bearing unit load of 3.45 Mpa (500 psi). Shorter duration tests at various unit loads up to 24.1 Mpa (3500 psi) were also conducted. In comparison tests, bearings lubricated with PM212 had superior anti-wear characteristics compared to the baseline, unlubricated, super alloy bearings: no galling of PM212-lubricated bearings occurred, while severe surface damage including galling occurred, especially at high loads, during the baseline tests. A heat treatment procedure, which dimensionally stabilizes PM212 and thereby minimizes clearance changes during high temperature bearing operation, is described.

Assessment of a 40-kilowatt stirling engine for underground mining applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cairelli, J. E.; Kelm, G. G.; Slaby, J. G.

1982-01-01

An assessment of alternative power souces for underground mining applications was performed. A 40-kW Stirling research engine was tested to evaluate its performance and emission characteristics when operated with helium working gas and diesel fuel. The engine, the test facility, and the test procedures are described. Performance and emission data for the engine operating with helium working gas and diesel fuel are reported and compared with data obtained with hydrogen working gas and unleaded gasoline fuel. Helium diesel test results are compared with the characteristics of current diesel engines and other Stirling engines. External surface temperature data are also presented. Emission and temperature results are compared with the Federal requirements for diesel underground mine engines. The durability potential of Stirling engines is discussed on the basis of the experience gaind during the engine tests.

Problems in the disinfection of class 1 microbiology safety cabinets.

PubMed Central

Everall, P H; Morris, C A; Oliver, P R; Becker, J F

1982-01-01

Microbiology safety cabinet disinfection procedures using formaldehyde have been tested. Tubercle bacilli were killed by concentrations of formaldehyde obtained by heating commercial formalin irrespective of whether the bacilli were in the cabinet free space or above the prefilters. However, Bacillus stearothermophilus spore papers for for the testing of low temperature steam/formaldehyde sterilisers were almost never sterilised and a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (NCTC 7944) showed a resistance intermediate between the B stearothermophilus spores and the tubercle bacilli. Tests using a vaccine strain of poliovirus type 3 indicated a considerable degree of resistance of the virus to the action of formaldehyde. No such resistance was demonstrated by vaccinia virus or echovirus 14. Chemical and biological evidence is presented which indicates that filter paper discs are an unsuitable carrier material for a challenge organism in testing the efficiency of any formaldehyde sterilising process. Recommendations are made towards developing a satisfactory test procedure. PMID:7047573

9 CFR 381.66 - Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Temperatures and chilling and freezing... Procedures § 381.66 Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures. (a) General. Temperatures and... temperature is reduced to 40 °F. or less, as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section unless such poultry...

9 CFR 381.66 - Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Temperatures and chilling and freezing... Procedures § 381.66 Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures. (a) General. Temperatures and... temperature is reduced to 40 °F. or less, as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section unless such poultry...

9 CFR 381.66 - Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Temperatures and chilling and freezing... Procedures § 381.66 Temperatures and chilling and freezing procedures. (a) General. Temperatures and... temperature is reduced to 40 °F. or less, as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section unless such poultry...

Dimensional stability tests over time and temperature for several low-expansion glass ceramics.

PubMed

Hall, D B

1996-04-01

The dimensional stabilities of five commercially available low-expansion glass ceramics have been measured between -40 °C and +90 °C. Materials tested include Zerodur, Zerodur M, Astrositall, Clearceram 55, and Clearceram 63. With the use of a standardized thermal testing procedure, the thermal expansion, isothermal shrinkage, and hysteresis behavior of the various materials are compared with one another. A detailed comparison of three separate melts of Astrositall, two separate melts of Zerodur, and one melt of Zerodur M indicates that between -40 °C and +90 °C the dimensional stability and uniformity characteristics of two of the melts of Astrositall are somewhat better than those of the other two materials. To my knowledge, this is the first published comparison of data from these glass ceramics taken with identical test procedures.

Experiments with phase change thermal energy storage canisters for Space Station Freedom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerslake, Thomas W.

1991-01-01

The solar dynamic power module proposed for the Space Station Freedom (SSF) uses the heat of fusion of a phase change material (PCM) to efficiently store thermal energy for use during eclipse periods. The PCM, a LiF-20CaF2 salt, is contained in annular, metal canisters located in a heat receiver at the focus of a solar concentrator. PCM canister ground-based experiments and analytical heat transfer studies are discussed. The hardware, test procedures, and test results from these experiments are discussed. After more than 900 simulated SSF orbital cycles, no canister cracks or leaks were observed and all data were successfully collected. The effect of 1-g test orientation on canister wall temperatures was generally small while void position was strongly dependent on test orientation and canister cooling. In one test orientation, alternating wall temperature data were measured that supports an earlier theory of oscillating vortex flow in the PCM melt. Analytical canister wall temperatures compared very favorably with experimental temperature data. This illustrates that ground-based canister thermal performance can be predicted well by analyses that employ straight-forward, engineering models of void behavior and liquid PCM free convection.

How pH, Temperature, and Time of Incubation Affect False-Positive Responses and Uncertainty of the LAL Gel-Clot Test.

PubMed

Lourenço, Felipe Rebello; Botelho, Túlia De Souza; Pinto, Terezinha De Jesus Andreoli

2012-01-01

The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is the simplest and most widely used procedure for detection of endotoxin in parenteral drugs. The LAL test demands optimal pH, ionic strength, temperature, and time of incubation. Slight changes in these parameters may increase the frequency of false-positive responses and the estimated uncertainty of the LAL test. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how changes in the pH, temperature, and time of incubation affect the occurrence of false-positive responses in the LAL test. LAL tests were performed in nominal conditions (37 °C, 60 min, and pH 7) and in different conditions of temperature (36 °C and 38 °C), time of incubation (58 and 62 min), and pH (6 and 8). Slight differences in pH increase the frequency of false-positive responses 5-fold (relative risk 5.0), resulting in an estimated of uncertainty 7.6%. Temperature and time of incubation affect the LAL test less, showing relative risks of 1.5 and 1.0, respectively. Estimated uncertainties in 36 °C or 38 °C temperatures and 58 or 62 min of incubation were found to be 2.0% and 1.0%, respectively. Simultaneous differences in these parameters significantly increase the frequency of false-positive responses. The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) gel-clot test is a simple test for detection of endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria. The test is based on a gel formation when a certain amount of endotoxin is present; it is a pass/fail test. The LAL test requires optimal pH, ionic strength, temperature, and time of incubation. Slight difference in these parameters may increase the frequency of false-positive responses. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how changes in the pH, temperature, and time of incubation affect the occurrence of false-positive responses in the LAL test. We find that slight differences in pH increase the frequency of false-positive responses 5-fold. Temperature and time of incubation affect the LAL test less. Simultaneous differences in these parameters significantly increase the frequency of false-positive responses.

Testing linen disinfection procedures in practice with phage-charged-bioindicators.

PubMed

Gerhardts, Anja; Mucha, Helmut; Höfer, Dirk

2012-01-01

Disinfecting laundry processes are essential to avoid contamination of laundering machines and linen during commercial laundry reprocessing in the health care sector. Recently a bacteriophage-charged bioindicator has been developed using MS2 as surrogate virus for testing of low-temperature disinfecting laundry processing on efficacy against viruses related to practice. This paper therefore aims to investigate application of MS2-bioindicators in chemothermal processes under practical conditions (phase 2/step 2) and in practice (phase 3). The experimental design was developed and modified according to the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM) Standard Methods for Testing Chemical Disinfection Processes. Tests under practical conditions were performed at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. Additional tests in tunnel washers were carried out at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. In all experiments validated disinfecting laundry processes, recommended for bactericidal and virucidal performance (categories A and B), were applied. The results show a temperature-dependent gradual efficacy against the test virus MS2 up to reduction values of more than 8 log10-steps. Therefore MS2-bioindicators prove to be suitable as a tool to determine the performance of disinfection procedures against viruses in practice. Phage-charged bioindicators may be a tool to provide further insights into the reliability of antiviral laundry processes for health care quality management and for infection control.

AGR-1 Thermocouple Data Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jeff Einerson

2012-05-01

This report documents an effort to analyze measured and simulated data obtained in the Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) fuel irradiation test program conducted in the INL's Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) to support the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) R&D program. The work follows up on a previous study (Pham and Einerson, 2010), in which statistical analysis methods were applied for AGR-1 thermocouple data qualification. The present work exercises the idea that, while recognizing uncertainties inherent in physics and thermal simulations of the AGR-1 test, results of the numerical simulations can be used in combination with the statistical analysis methods tomore » further improve qualification of measured data. Additionally, the combined analysis of measured and simulation data can generate insights about simulation model uncertainty that can be useful for model improvement. This report also describes an experimental control procedure to maintain fuel target temperature in the future AGR tests using regression relationships that include simulation results. The report is organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the AGR Fuel Development and Qualification program, AGR-1 test configuration and test procedure, overview of AGR-1 measured data, and overview of physics and thermal simulation, including modeling assumptions and uncertainties. A brief summary of statistical analysis methods developed in (Pham and Einerson 2010) for AGR-1 measured data qualification within NGNP Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS) is also included for completeness. Chapters 2-3 describe and discuss cases, in which the combined use of experimental and simulation data is realized. A set of issues associated with measurement and modeling uncertainties resulted from the combined analysis are identified. This includes demonstration that such a combined analysis led to important insights for reducing uncertainty in presentation of AGR-1 measured data (Chapter 2) and interpretation of simulation results (Chapter 3). The statistics-based simulation-aided experimental control procedure described for the future AGR tests is developed and demonstrated in Chapter 4. The procedure for controlling the target fuel temperature (capsule peak or average) is based on regression functions of thermocouple readings and other relevant parameters and accounting for possible changes in both physical and thermal conditions and in instrument performance.« less

Quantitative Accelerated Life Testing of MEMS Accelerometers

PubMed Central

Bâzu, Marius; Gălăţeanu, Lucian; Ilian, Virgil Emil; Loicq, Jerome; Habraken, Serge; Collette, Jean-Paul

2007-01-01

Quantitative Accelerated Life Testing (QALT) is a solution for assessing the reliability of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). A procedure for QALT is shown in this paper and an attempt to assess the reliability level for a batch of MEMS accelerometers is reported. The testing plan is application-driven and contains combined tests: thermal (high temperature) and mechanical stress. Two variants of mechanical stress are used: vibration (at a fixed frequency) and tilting. Original equipment for testing at tilting and high temperature is used. Tilting is appropriate as application-driven stress, because the tilt movement is a natural environment for devices used for automotive and aerospace applications. Also, tilting is used by MEMS accelerometers for anti-theft systems. The test results demonstrated the excellent reliability of the studied devices, the failure rate in the “worst case” being smaller than 10-7h-1. PMID:28903265

Base pressure and heat transfer tests of the 0.0225-scale space shuttle plume simulation model (19-OTS) in yawed flight conditions in the NASA-Lewis 10x10-foot supersonic wind tunnel (test IH83)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foust, J. W.

1979-01-01

Wind tunnel tests were performed to determine pressures, heat transfer rates, and gas recovery temperatures in the base region of a rocket firing model of the space shuttle integrated vehicle during simulated yawed flight conditions. First and second stage flight of the space shuttle were simulated by firing the main engines in conjunction with the SRB rocket motors or only the SSME's into the continuous tunnel airstream. For the correct rocket plume environment, the simulated altitude pressures were halved to maintain the rocket chamber/altitude pressure ratio. Tunnel freestream Mach numbers from 2.2 to 3.5 were simulated over an altitude range of 60 to 130 thousand feet with varying angle of attack, yaw angle, nozzle gimbal angle and SRB chamber pressure. Gas recovery temperature data derived from nine gas temperature probe runs are presented. The model configuration, instrumentation, test procedures, and data reduction are described.

European type-approval test procedure for evaporative emissions from passenger cars against real-world mobility data from two Italian provinces.

PubMed

Martini, Giorgio; Paffumi, Elena; De Gennaro, Michele; Mellios, Giorgos

2014-07-15

This paper presents an evaluation of the European type-approval test procedure for evaporative emissions from passenger cars based on real-world mobility data. The study relies on two large databases of driving patterns from conventional fuel vehicles collected by means of on-board GPS systems in the Italian provinces of Modena and Firenze. Approximately 28,000 vehicles were monitored, corresponding to approximately 36 million kilometres over a period of one month. The driving pattern of each vehicle was processed to derive the relation between trip length and parking duration, and the rate of occurrence of parking events against multiple evaporative cycles, defined on the basis of the type-approval test procedure as 12-hour diurnal time windows. These results are used as input for an emission simulation model, which calculates the total evaporative emissions given the characteristics of the evaporative emission control system of the vehicle and the ambient temperature conditions. The results suggest that the evaporative emission control system, fitted to the vehicles from Euro 3 step and optimised for the current type-approval test procedure, could not efficiently work under real-world conditions, resulting in evaporative emissions well above the type-approval limit, especially for small size vehicles and warm climate conditions. This calls for a revision of the type-approval test procedure in order to address real-world evaporative emissions. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

High-Temperature Adhesive Strain Gage Developed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pereira, J. Michael; Roberts, Gary D.

1997-01-01

Researchers at the NASA Lewis Research Center have developed a unique strain gage and adhesive system for measuring the mechanical properties of polymers and polymer composites at elevated temperatures. This system overcomes some of the problems encountered in using commercial strain gages and adhesives. For example, typical commercial strain gage adhesives require a postcure at temperatures substantially higher than the maximum test temperature. The exposure of the specimen to this temperature may affect subsequent results, and in some cases may be higher than the glass-transition temperature of the polymer. In addition, although typical commercial strain gages can be used for short times at temperatures up to 370 C, their long-term use is limited to 230 C. This precludes their use for testing some high-temperature polyimides near their maximum temperature capability. Lewis' strain gage and adhesive system consists of a nonencapsulated, unbacked gage grid that is bonded directly to the polymer after the specimen has been cured but prior to the normal postcure cycle. The gage is applied with an adhesive specially formulated to cure under the specimen postcure conditions. Special handling, mounting, and electrical connection procedures were developed, and a fixture was designed to calibrate each strain gage after it was applied to a specimen. A variety of tests was conducted to determine the performance characteristics of the gages at elevated temperatures on PMR-15 neat resin and titanium specimens. For these tests, which included static tension, thermal exposure, and creep tests, the gage and adhesive system performed within normal strain gage specifications at 315 C. An example of the performance characteristics of the gage can be seen in the figure, which compares the strain gage measurement on a polyimide specimen at 315 C with an extensometer measurement.

40 CFR 86.224-94 - Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. 86.224-94 Section 86.224-94 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.224-94 Carbon dioxide...

40 CFR 86.203-94 - Abbreviations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.203-94 Abbreviations. The abbreviations in subpart...

40 CFR 86.213-04 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-04 Fuel specifications. Gasoline...

40 CFR 86.213-94 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-94 Fuel specifications. Gasoline...

40 CFR 86.218-94 - Dynamometer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.218-94 Dynamometer calibration. The...

40 CFR 86.224-94 - Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.224-94 Carbon dioxide...

40 CFR 86.222-94 - Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.222-94 Carbon monoxide...

40 CFR 86.213-94 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fuel specifications. 86.213-94 Section...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-94 Fuel specifications. Gasoline... manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator upon request. Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications...

40 CFR 86.213-94 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fuel specifications. 86.213-94 Section...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-94 Fuel specifications. Gasoline... manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator upon request. Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications...

40 CFR 86.213-94 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fuel specifications. 86.213-94 Section...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-94 Fuel specifications. Gasoline... manufacturer and shall be made available to the Administrator upon request. Table—Cold CO Fuel Specifications...

40 CFR 63.365 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES Ethylene Oxide... amount of ethylene oxide, for the duration of the first evacuation under normal operating conditions (i.e., sterilization pressure and temperature). (i) The amount of ethylene oxide loaded into the sterilizer (Wc) shall...

Environmentally friendly and cost-efficient analysis of aflatoxins in corn

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The extraction procedure adds a significant cost to the overall expense of aflatoxin analysis in agricultural commodities. An inexpensive and low-waste extraction method using a household espresso coffee maker was tested. This appliance was used for the high-temperature /high-pressure extraction of ...

Climate Verification Using Running Mann Whitney Z Statistics

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A robust method previously used to detect observed intra- to multi-decadal (IMD) climate regimes was adapted to test whether climate models could reproduce IMD variations in U.S. surface temperatures during 1919-2008. This procedure, called the running Mann Whitney Z (MWZ) method, samples data ranki...

Winter cold-tolerance thresholds in field-grown Miscanthus hybrid rhizomes

PubMed Central

Peixoto, Murilo de Melo; Friesen, Patrick Calvin; Sage, Rowan F.

2015-01-01

The cold tolerance of winter-dormant rhizomes was evaluated in diploid, allotriploid, and allotetraploid hybrids of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus grown in a field setting. Two artificial freezing protocols were tested: one lowered the temperature continuously by 1°C h–1 to the treatment temperature and another lowered the temperature in stages of 24h each to the treatment temperature. Electrolyte leakage and rhizome sprouting assays after the cold treatment assessed plant and tissue viability. Results from the continuous-cooling trial showed that Miscanthus rhizomes from all genotypes tolerated temperatures as low as –6.5 °C; however, the slower, staged-cooling procedure enabled rhizomes from two diploid lines to survive temperatures as low as –14 °C. Allopolyploid genotypes showed no change in the lethal temperature threshold between the continuous and staged-cooling procedure, indicating that they have little ability to acclimate to subzero temperatures. The results demonstrated that rhizomes from diploid Miscanthus lines have superior cold tolerance that could be exploited to improve performance in more productive polyploid lines. With expected levels of soil insulation, low winter air temperatures should not harm rhizomes of tolerant diploid genotypes of Miscanthus in temperate to sub-boreal climates (up to 60°N); however, the observed winter cold in sub-boreal climates could harm rhizomes of existing polyploid varieties of Miscanthus and thus reduce stand performance. PMID:25788733

A modified ASTM C1012 procedure for qualifying blended cements containing limestone and SCMs for use in sulfate-rich environments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barcelo, Laurent, E-mail: laurent.barcelo@lafarge.com; Lafarge Centre de Recherche, 95 rue du Montmurier, 38291 St Quentin Fallavier; Gartner, Ellis

2014-09-15

Blended Portland cements containing up to 15% limestone have recently been introduced into Canada and the USA. These cements were initially not allowed for use in sulfate environments but this restriction has been lifted in the Canadian cement specification, provided that the “limestone cement” includes sufficient SCM and that it passes a modified version of the CSA A3004-C8 (equivalent to ASTM C1012) test procedure run at a low temperature (5 °C). This new procedure is proposed as a means of predicting the risk of the thaumasite form of sulfate attack in concretes containing limestone cements. The goal of the presentmore » study was to better understand how this approach works both in practice and in theory. Results from three different laboratories utilizing the CSA A3004-C8 test procedure are compared and analyzed, while also taking into account the results of thermodynamic modeling and of thaumasite formation experiments conducted in dilute suspensions.« less

Testing of a Shrouded, Short Mixing Stack Gas Eductor Model Using High Temperature Primary Flow.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-01

problem but of less significance than the heated surfaces of shipboard structure. Various types of electronic equipments and sensors carried by a combatant...here was to validate current procedures by comparison with previous data it was not considered essential to rein- stall these sensors or duplicate...sec) 205 tABLE XIX Mixing Stack Temperatura Data, Model B Thermocouple Axial Mixing Stack Temperature _ mbjr Posii--- .. (I IF) . Uptake 180 850 950

Suggested Procedures for Installing Strain Gauges on Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Balances, Custom Force Measuring Transducers, Metallic and Composite Structural Test Articles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, Thomas C., Sr.

2004-01-01

The character of force and strain measurement testing at LaRC is such that the types of strain gauge installations, the materials upon which the strain gauges are applied, and the test environments encountered, require many varied approaches. In 1997, a NASA Technical Memorandum (NASA TM 110327) was generated to provide the strain gauge application specialist with a listing of recommended procedures for strain gauging various transducers and test articles at LaRC. The technical memorandum offered here is an effort to keep the strain gauge user informed of new technological enhancements in strain-gauging methodology while preserving the strain-gauging guidelines set forth in the 1997 TM. This document provides detailed recommendations for strain gauging LaRC-designed balances and custom transducers, composite materials, cryogenic and high-temperature test articles, and selected non-typical or unique materials or test conditions. Additionally, one section offers details for installing Bragg-Grating type fiber-optic strain sensors for non-typical test scenarios.

Calculation of gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber and in the air-gas channel of a gas-turbine unit by data of acceptance tests in accordance with ISO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kostyuk, A. G.; Karpunin, A. P.

2016-01-01

This article describes a high accuracy method enabling performance of the calculation of real values of the initial temperature of a gas turbine unit (GTU), i.e., the gas temperature at the outlet of the combustion chamber, in a situation where manufacturers do not disclose this information. The features of the definition of the initial temperature of the GTU according to ISO standards were analyzed. It is noted that the true temperatures for high-temperature GTUs is significantly higher than values determined according to ISO standards. A computational procedure for the determination of gas temperatures in the air-gas channel of the gas turbine and cooling air consumptions over blade rims is proposed. As starting equations, the heat balance equation and the flow mixing equation for the combustion chamber are assumed. Results of acceptance GTU tests according to ISO standards and statistical dependencies of required cooling air consumptions on the gas temperature and the blade metal are also used for calculations. An example of the calculation is given for one of the units. Using a developed computer program, the temperatures in the air-gas channel of certain GTUs are calculated, taking into account their design features. These calculations are performed on the previously published procedure for the detailed calculation of the cooled gas turbine subject to additional losses arising because of the presence of the cooling system. The accuracy of calculations by the computer program is confirmed by conducting verification calculations for the GTU of the Mitsubishi Comp. and comparing results with published data of the company. Calculation data for temperatures were compared with the experimental data and the characteristics of the GTU, and the error of the proposed method is estimated.

An electronic system for measuring thermophysical properties of wind tunnel models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corwin, R. R.; Kramer, J. S.

1975-01-01

An electronic system is described which measures the surface temperature of a small portion of the surface of the model or sample at high speeds using an infrared radiometer. This data is processed along with heating rate data from the reference heat gauge in a small computer and prints out the desired thermophysical properties, time, surface temperature, and reference heat rate. This system allows fast and accurate property measurements over thirty temperature increments. The technique, the details of the apparatus, the procedure for making these measurements, and the results of some preliminary tests are presented.

Effects of temperature on biochemical reactions and drug resistance of virulent and avirulent Aeromonas salmonicida

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hahnel, G.B.; Gould, R.W.

1982-01-01

Incubation temperatures of 11°, 18° and 28° did not substantially affect biochemical reactions of either virulent or avirulent forms of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida. The only change observed, amygdalin fermentation, was positive at 11° and 18° but negative at 28°C. Several isolates utilized sucrose, a characteristic not normally recognized for A. salmonicida subspecies salmonicida.Antimicrobial susceptibility screening indicated resistance to novobiocin increased at the higher incubation temperatures. Standardized drug sensitivity testing procedures and precise zone diameter interpretive standards for bacterial fish pathogens are needed.

Influence of intraoral temperature and relative humidity on the dentin bond strength: an in situ study.

PubMed

Saraiva, Letícia O; Aguiar, Thaiane R; Costa, Leonardo; Cavalcanti, Andrea N; Giannini, Marcelo; Mathias, Paula

2015-01-01

The effect of the intraoral environment during adhesive restorative procedures remains a concern, especially in the absence of rubber dam isolation. To evaluate the temperature and relative humidity (RH) at anterior and posterior intraoral sites and their effects on the dentin bond strength of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Sixty human molars were assigned to six groups according to the adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond Plus and One Step Plus) and intraoral sites (incisor and molar sites). The room condition was used as a control group. Dentin fragments were individually placed in custom-made acetate trays and direct composite restorations were performed. The intraoral temperature and RH were recorded during adhesive procedures. Then, specimens were removed from the acetate trays and sectioned to obtain multiple beams for the microtensile bond strength test. In addition, the adhesive interface morphology was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Intraoral conditions were statistically analyzed by paired Students' t-tests and the bond strength data by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α = 0.05). The posterior intraoral site showed a significant increase in the temperature and RH when compared with the anterior site. However, both intraoral sites revealed higher temperatures and RH than the room condition. In regards to the adhesive systems, the intraoral environment did not affect the bond strength, and the One Step Plus system showed the highest bond strength means. Despite the fact that remarkable changes in the intraoral conditions were observed for both anterior and posterior sites, the intraoral environment was not able to compromise the immediate dentin bond strength. Some conditions of intraoral temperature and relative humidity may not impair the dentin bond strength of two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Thus, an adequate relative isolation seems to be a good alternative under the specific clinical conditions in which rubber dam isolation is either impossible or very difficult to perform. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ATLAS LTCS Vertically Challenged System Lessons Learned

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patel, Deepak; Garrison, Matt; Ku, Jentung

2014-01-01

Re-planning of LTCS TVAC testing and supporting RTA (Receiver Telescope Assembly) Test Plan and Procedure document preparation. The Laser Thermal Control System (LTCS) is designed to maintain the lasers onboard Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) at their operational temperatures. In order to verify the functionality of the LTCS, a thermal balance test of the thermal hardware was performed. During the first cold start of the LTCS, the Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) was unable to control the laser mass simulators temperature. The control heaters were fully on and the loop temperature remained well below the desired setpoint. Thermal analysis of the loop did not show these results. This unpredicted behavior of the LTCS was brought up to a panel of LHP experts. Based on the testing and a review of all the data, there were multiple diagnostic performed in order to narrow down the cause. The prevailing theory is that gravity is causing oscillating flow within the loop, which artificially increased the control power needs. This resulted in a replan of the LTCS test flow and the addition of a GSE heater to allow vertical operation.

Marshall Space Flight Center head development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrer, Jim

1994-01-01

This report summarizes the results of the candidate head evaluation for the new long-life magnetic head per the SOW of Contract No. NAS8-39407, MSFC Head Development Program. The original program plans were to test a candidate head, fabricate a new head, then qualify the new head. These activities were scheduled to be carried out between March 1993 and March 1994. The program was halted after the evaluation of the candidate head by NAS8-39407 Amendment No. 4. MSFC has provided and authorized the use the MARS-2000 SRB QUAL Recorder PN 10400-0677-801 - Serial Number 200004 (Datatape PN 591000 - Serial Number 1004), Reproduce Amplifier Module (RAM) Datatape PN 533040 - Serial Number 2006, associated cables, and magnetic tape on special SRB/DFI tapered reels to Datatape for this program. All the testing that has been done for the candidate head evaluation was done at Datatape's facility in Pasadena,CA. The testing was performed in a Class 100,000 particle counts clean room at ambient temperature, except for the thermal testing which was conducted in a different area at Datatape. The Performance Verification Test Procedure PVT-11004-4 (PVT) and Acceptance Test Procedure ATP-11004-09 (ATP) procedures were used when tests were conducted on the recorder.

Temperature-based death time estimation with only partially known environmental conditions.

PubMed

Mall, Gita; Eckl, Mona; Sinicina, Inga; Peschel, Oliver; Hubig, Michael

2005-07-01

The temperature-oriented death time determination is based on mathematical model curves of postmortem rectal cooling. All mathematical models require knowledge of the environmental conditions. In medico-legal practice homicide is sometimes not immediately suspected at the death scene but afterwards during external examination of the body. The environmental temperature at the death scene remains unknown or can only be roughly reconstructed. In such cases the question arises whether it is possible to estimate the time since death from rectal temperature data alone recorded over a longer time span. The present study theoretically deduces formulae which are independent of the initial and environmental temperatures and thus proves that the information needed for death time estimation is contained in the rectal temperature data. Since the environmental temperature at the death scene may differ from that during the temperature recording, an additional factor has to be used. This is that the body core is thermally well isolated from the environment and that the rectal temperature decrease after a sudden change of environmental temperature will continue for some time at a rate similar to that before the sudden change. The present study further provides a curve-fitting procedure for such scenarios. The procedure was tested in rectal cooling data of from 35 corpses using the most commonly applied model of Henssge. In all cases the time of death was exactly known. After admission to the medico-legal institute the bodies were kept at a constant environmental temperature for 12-36 h and the rectal temperatures were recorded continuously. The curve-fitting procedure led to valid estimates of the time since death in all experiments despite the unknown environmental conditions before admission to the institute. The estimation bias was investigated statistically. The 95% confidence intervals amounted to +/-4 h, which seems reasonable compared to the 95% confidence intervals of the Henssge model with known environmental temperature. The presented method may be of use for determining the time since death even in cases in which the environmental temperature and rectal temperature at the death scene have unintentionally not been recorded.

14 CFR 29.1045 - Climb cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... continuous power (or at full throttle when above the critical altitude); (2) For helicopters for which the... the critical altitude); and (3) For other rotorcraft, be at maximum continuous power (or at full throttle when above the critical altitude). (d) After temperatures have stabilized in flight, the climb...

14 CFR 29.1045 - Climb cooling test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... continuous power (or at full throttle when above the critical altitude); (2) For helicopters for which the... the critical altitude); and (3) For other rotorcraft, be at maximum continuous power (or at full throttle when above the critical altitude). (d) After temperatures have stabilized in flight, the climb...

40 CFR 86.215-94 - EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule. 86.215-94 Section 86.215-94 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.215-94 EPA urban dynamometer...

High density circuit technology, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wade, T. E.

1982-01-01

A multilevel metal interconnection system for very large scale integration (VLSI) systems utilizing polyimides as the interlayer dielectric material is described. A complete characterization of polyimide materials is given as well as experimental methods accomplished using a double level metal test pattern. A low temperature, double exposure polyimide patterning procedure is also presented.

40 CFR 205.54-1 - Low speed sound emission test procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... beyond the permissible end zone, unload the vehicle and/or increase the approach rpm in 100 rpm... rpm beyond the permissible end zone, unload the vehicle and/or increase the approach rpm in 100 rpm... example, temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure). (ii) Proper signal levels, terminat-ing...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.206-11 - Equipment required; overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.206-11 Equipment required...

40 CFR 86.223-94 - Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.223-94 Oxides of...

40 CFR 86.204-94 - Section numbering; construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.204-94 Section numbering...

40 CFR 86.228-94 - Transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.228-94 Transmissions. The provisions of § 86.128...

40 CFR 86.214-94 - Analytical gases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.214-94 Analytical gases. The provisions of § 86...

40 CFR 86.202-94 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.202-94 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A...

40 CFR 86.222-94 - Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.222-94 Carbon monoxide...

40 CFR 86.224-94 - Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.224-94 Carbon dioxide...

40 CFR 86.215-94 - EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.215-94 EPA urban dynamometer...

40 CFR 86.205-11 - Introduction; structure of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.205-11 Introduction...

40 CFR 86.211-94 - Exhaust gas analytical system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.211-94 Exhaust gas...

40 CFR 86.226-94 - Calibration of other equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.226-94 Calibration of other...

40 CFR 86.216-94 - Calibrations, frequency and overview.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.216-94 Calibrations...

40 CFR 86.219-94 - CVS calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.219-94 CVS calibration. The provisions of § 86.119...

40 CFR 86.244-94 - Calculations; exhaust emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.244-94 Calculations; exhaust...

40 CFR 86.242-94 - Records required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.242-94 Records required. The provisions of § 86...

40 CFR 86.240-94 - Exhaust sample analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.240-94 Exhaust sample analysis. The...

40 CFR 86.205-94 - Introduction; structure of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.205-94 Introduction...

40 CFR 86.201-94 - General applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1994 and Later Model Year Gasoline-Fueled New Light-Duty Vehicles, New Light-Duty Trucks and New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.201-94 General applicability. (a) This...

40 CFR 63.645 - Test methods and procedures for miscellaneous process vents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... applicable to the process vent. (iv) Design analysis based on accepted chemical engineering principles..., dry standard cubic meters per minute, at a temperature of 20 °C. (g) Engineering assessment may be... the highest daily emission rate. (1) Engineering assessment includes, but is not limited to, the...

40 CFR 86.213-04 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fuel specifications. 86.213-04 Section...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-04 Fuel specifications. Gasoline... manufacturer and must be made available to the Administrator upon request. The table listing the cold CO fuel...

40 CFR 86.213-04 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fuel specifications. 86.213-04 Section...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-04 Fuel specifications. Gasoline... manufacturer and must be made available to the Administrator upon request. The table listing the cold CO fuel...

40 CFR 86.213-04 - Fuel specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fuel specifications. 86.213-04 Section...-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.213-04 Fuel specifications. Gasoline... manufacturer and must be made available to the Administrator upon request. The table listing the cold CO fuel...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...

40 CFR 86.236-94 - Engine starting and restarting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 19 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine starting and restarting. 86.236... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission... New Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles; Cold Temperature Test Procedures § 86.236-94 Engine starting and...