Sample records for test facility startup

  1. Shot noise startup of the 6 NM SASE FEL at the Tesla Test Facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pierini, P.; Fawley, W.M.

    We present here an analysis of the shot noise startup of the 6 nm SASE FEI proposal at the TESLA Test Facility in DESY The statistical of the saturation length and output power due to the intrinsic randomness of the noise startup are investigated with the use of the 2D time dependent code GINGER, that takes into account propagation effects and models shot noise. We then provide estimates for the spectral contents and linewidth of the emitted radiation and describe its spiking characteristics. The output radiation will develop superradiant spikes seeded by the shot noise in the electron beam, whichmore » can entrance the average emitted power at the expense of some spectral broadening.« less

  2. Investigation of Natural Circulation Instability and Transients in Passively Safe Small Modular Reactors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ishii, Mamoru

    The NEUP funded project, NEUP-3496, aims to experimentally investigate two-phase natural circulation flow instability that could occur in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), especially for natural circulation SMRs. The objective has been achieved by systematically performing tests to study the general natural circulation instability characteristics and the natural circulation behavior under start-up or design basis accident conditions. Experimental data sets highlighting the effect of void reactivity feedback as well as the effect of power ramp-up rate and system pressure have been used to develop a comprehensive stability map. The safety analysis code, RELAP5, has been used to evaluate experimental results andmore » models. Improvements to the constitutive relations for flashing have been made in order to develop a reliable analysis tool. This research has been focusing on two generic SMR designs, i.e. a small modular Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR) like design and a small integral Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) like design. A BWR-type natural circulation test facility was firstly built based on the three-level scaling analysis of the Purdue Novel Modular Reactor (NMR) with an electric output of 50 MWe, namely NMR-50, which represents a BWR-type SMR with a significantly reduced reactor pressure vessel (RPV) height. The experimental facility was installed with various equipment to measure thermalhydraulic parameters such as pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and void fraction. Characterization tests were performed before the startup transient tests and quasi-steady tests to determine the loop flow resistance. The control system and data acquisition system were programmed with LabVIEW to realize the realtime control and data storage. The thermal-hydraulic and nuclear coupled startup transients were performed to investigate the flow instabilities at low pressure and low power conditions for NMR-50. Two different power ramps were chosen to study the effect of startup power density on the flow instability. The experimental startup transient results showed the existence of three different flow instability mechanisms, i.e., flashing instability, condensation induced flow instability, and density wave oscillations. In addition, the void-reactivity feedback did not have significant effects on the flow instability during the startup transients for NMR-50. ii Several initial startup procedures with different power ramp rates were experimentally investigated to eliminate the flow instabilities observed from the startup transients. Particularly, the very slow startup transient and pressurized startup transient tests were performed and compared. It was found that the very slow startup transients by applying very small power density can eliminate the flashing oscillations in the single-phase natural circulation and stabilize the flow oscillations in the phase of net vapor generation. The initially pressurized startup procedure was tested to eliminate the flashing instability during the startup transients as well. The pressurized startup procedure included the initial pressurization, heat-up, and venting process. The startup transient tests showed that the pressurized startup procedure could eliminate the flow instability during the transition from single-phase flow to two-phase flow at low pressure conditions. The experimental results indicated that both startup procedures were applicable to the initial startup of NMR. However, the pressurized startup procedures might be preferred due to short operating hours required. In order to have a deeper understanding of natural circulation flow instability, the quasi-steady tests were performed using the test facility installed with preheater and subcooler. The effect of system pressure, core inlet subcooling, core power density, inlet flow resistance coefficient, and void reactivity feedback were investigated in the quasi-steady state tests. The experimental stability boundaries were determined between unstable and stable flow conditions in the dimensionless stability plane of inlet subcooling number and Zuber number. To predict the stability boundary theoretically, linear stability analysis in the frequency domain was performed at four sections of the natural circulation test loop. The flashing phenomena in the chimney section was considered as an axially uniform heat source. And the dimensionless characteristic equation of the pressure drop perturbation was obtained by considering the void fraction effect and outlet flow resistance in the core section. The theoretical flashing boundary showed some discrepancies with previous experimental data from the quasi-steady state tests. In the future, thermal non-equilibrium was recommended to improve the accuracy of flashing instability boundary. As another part of the funded research, flow instabilities of a PWR-type SMR under low pressure and low power conditions were investigated experimentally as well. The NuScale reactor design was selected as the prototype for the PWR-type SMR. In order to experimentally study the natural circulation behavior of NuScale iii reactor during accidental scenarios, detailed scaling analyses are necessary to ensure that the scaled phenomena could be obtained in a laboratory test facility. The three-level scaling method is used as well to obtain the scaling ratios derived from various non-dimensional numbers. The design of the ideally scaled facility (ISF) was initially accomplished based on these scaling ratios. Then the engineering scaled facility (ESF) was designed and constructed based on the ISF by considering engineering limitations including laboratory space, pipe size, and pipe connections etc. PWR-type SMR experiments were performed in this well-scaled test facility to investigate the potential thermal hydraulic flow instability during the blowdown events, which might occur during the loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and loss of heat sink accident (LOHS) of the prototype PWR-type SMR. Two kinds of experiments, normal blowdown event and cold blowdown event, were experimentally investigated and compared with code predictions. The normal blowdown event was experimentally simulated since an initial condition where the pressure was lower than the designed pressure of the experiment facility, while the code prediction of blowdown started from the normal operation condition. Important thermal hydraulic parameters including reactor pressure vessel (RPV) pressure, containment pressure, local void fraction and temperature, pressure drop and natural circulation flow rate were measured and analyzed during the blowdown event. The pressure and water level transients are similar to the experimental results published by NuScale [51], which proves the capability of current loop in simulating the thermal hydraulic transient of real PWR-type SMR. During the 20000s blowdown experiment, water level in the core was always above the active fuel assemble during the experiment and proved the safety of natural circulation cooling and water recycling design of PWR-type SMR. Besides, pressure, temperature, and water level transient can be accurately predicted by RELAP5 code. However, the oscillations of natural circulation flow rate, water level and pressure drops were observed during the blowdown transients. This kind of flow oscillations are related to the water level and the location upper plenum, which is a path for coolant flow from chimney to steam generator and down comer. In order to investigate the transients start from the opening of ADS valve in both experimental and numerical way, the cold blow-down experiment is conducted. For the cold blowdown event, different from setting both reactor iv pressure vessel (RPV) and containment at high temperature and pressure, only RPV was heated close to the highest designed pressure and then open the ADS valve, same process was predicted using RELAP5 code. By doing cold blowdown experiment, the entire transients from the opening of ADS can be investigated by code and benchmarked with experimental data. Similar flow instability observed in the cold blowdown experiment. The comparison between code prediction and experiment data showed that the RELAP5 code can successfully predict the pressure void fraction and temperature transient during the cold blowdown event with limited error, but numerical instability exists in predicting natural circulation flow rate. Besides, the code is lack of capability in predicting the water level related flow instability observed in experiments.« less

  3. Investigation of natural circulation instability and transients in passively safe novel modular reactor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Shanbin

    The Purdue Novel Modular Reactor (NMR) is a new type small modular reactor (SMR) that belongs to the design of boiling water reactor (BWR). Specifically, the NMR is one third the height and area of a conventional BWR reactor pressure vessel (RPV) with an electric output of 50 MWe. The fuel cycle length of the NMR-50 is extended up to 10 years due to optimized neutronics design. The NMR-50 is designed with double passive engineering safety system. However, natural circulation BWRs (NCBWR) could experience certain operational difficulties due to flow instabilities that occur at low pressure and low power conditions. Static instabilities (i.e. flow excursion (Ledinegg) instability and flow pattern transition instability) and dynamic instabilities (i.e. density wave instability and flashing/condensation instability) pose a significant challenge in two-phase natural circulation systems. In order to experimentally study the natural circulation flow instability, a proper scaling methodology is needed to build a reduced-size test facility. The scaling analysis of the NMR uses a three-level scaling method, which was developed and applied for the design of the Purdue Multi-dimensional Integral Test Assembly (PUMA). Scaling criteria is derived from dimensionless field equations and constitutive equations. The scaling process is validated by the RELAP5 analysis for both steady state and startup transients. A new well-scaled natural circulation test facility is designed and constructed based on the scaling analysis of the NMR-50. The experimental facility is installed with different equipment to measure various thermal-hydraulic parameters such as pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and void fraction. Characterization tests are performed before the startup transient tests and quasi-steady tests to determine the loop flow resistance. The controlling system and data acquisition system are programmed with LabVIEW to realize the real-time control and data storage. The thermal-hydraulic and nuclear coupled startup transients are performed to investigate the flow instabilities at low pressure and low power conditions. Two different power ramps are chosen to study the effect of power density on the flow instability. The experimental startup transient tests show the existence of three different flow instability mechanisms during the low pressure startup transients, i.e., flashing instability, condensation induced instability, and density wave oscillations. Flashing instability in the chimney section of the test loop and density wave oscillation are the main flow instabilities observed when the system pressure is below 0.5 MPa. They show completely different type of oscillations, i.e., intermittent oscillation and sinusoidal oscillation, in void fraction profile during the startup transients. In order to perform nuclear-coupled startup transients with void reactivity feedback, the Point Kinetics model is utilized to calculate the transient power during the startup transients. In addition, the differences between the electric resistance heaters and typical fuel element are taken into account. The reactor power calculated shows some oscillations due to flashing instability during the transients. However, the void reactivity feedback does not have significant influence on the flow instability during the startup procedure for the NMR-50. Further investigation of very small power ramp on the startup transients is carried out for the thermal-hydraulic startup transients. It is found that very small power density can eliminate the flashing oscillation in the single phase natural circulation and stabilize the flow oscillations in the phase of net vapor generation. Furthermore, initially pressurized startup procedure is investigated to eliminate the main flow instabilities. The results show that the pressurized startup procedure can suppress the flashing instability at low pressure and low power conditions. In order to have a deep understanding of natural circulation flow instability, the quasi-steady tests are performed using the test facility installed with preheater and subcooler. The effects of system pressure, core inlet subcooling, core power density, inlet flow resistance coefficient, and void reactivity feedback are investigated in the quasi-steady state tests. The stability boundaries are determined between unstable and stable flow conditions in the dimensionless stability plane of inlet subcooling number and Zuber number. In order to predict the stability boundary theoretically, linear stability analysis in the frequency domain is performed at four sections of the loop. The flashing in the chimney is considered as an axially uniform heat source. The dimensionless characteristic equation of the pressure drop perturbation is obtained by considering the void fraction effect and outlet flow resistance in the chimney section. The flashing boundary shows some discrepancies with previous experimental data from the quasi-steady state tests. In the future, thermal non-equilibrium is recommended to improve the accuracy of flashing instability boundary.

  4. Computational Analyses in Support of Sub-scale Diffuser Testing for the A-3 Facility. Part 2; Unsteady Analyses and Risk Assessment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ahuja, Vineet; Hosangadi, Ashvin; Allgood, Daniel

    2008-01-01

    Simulation technology can play an important role in rocket engine test facility design and development by assessing risks, providing analysis of dynamic pressure and thermal loads, identifying failure modes and predicting anomalous behavior of critical systems. This is especially true for facilities such as the proposed A-3 facility at NASA SSC because of a challenging operating envelope linked to variable throttle conditions at relatively low chamber pressures. Design Support of the feasibility of operating conditions and procedures is critical in such cases due to the possibility of startup/shutdown transients, moving shock structures, unsteady shock-boundary layer interactions and engine and diffuser unstart modes that can result in catastrophic failure. Analyses of such systems is difficult due to resolution requirements needed to accurately capture moving shock structures, shock-boundary layer interactions, two-phase flow regimes and engine unstart modes. In a companion paper, we will demonstrate with the use of CFD, steady analyses advanced capability to evaluate supersonic diffuser and steam ejector performance in the sub-scale A-3 facility. In this paper we will address transient issues with the operation of the facility especially at startup and shutdown, and assess risks related to afterburning due to the interaction of a fuel rich plume with oxygen that is a by-product of the steam ejectors. The primary areas that will be addressed in this paper are: (1) analyses of unstart modes due to flow transients especially during startup/ignition, (2) engine safety during the shutdown process (3) interaction of steam ejectors with the primary plume i.e. flow transients as well as probability of afterburning. In this abstract we discuss unsteady analyses of the engine shutdown process. However, the final paper will include analyses of a staged startup, drawdown of the engine test cell pressure, and risk assessment of potential afterburning in the facility. Unsteady simulations have been carried out to study the engine shutdown process in the facility and understand the physics behind the interactions between the steam ejectors, the test cell and the supersonic diffuser. As a first approximation, to understand the dominant unsteady mechanisms in the engine test cell and the supersonic diffuser, the turning duct in the facility was removed. As the engine loses power a rarefaction wave travels downstream that disrupts the shock cell structure in the supersonic diffuser. Flow from the test cell is seen to expand into the supersonic diffuser section and re-pressurizes the area around the nozzle along with a upstream traveling compression wave that emanates from near the first stage ejectors. Flow from the first stage ejector expands to the center of the duct and a new shock train is formed between the first and second stage ejectors. Both stage ejectors keep the facility pressurized and prevent any large amplitude pressure fluctuations from affecting the engine nozzle. The resultant pressure loads the nozzle experiences in the shutdown process are small.

  5. 40 CFR 63.8186 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... December 19, 2006. (b) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup..., 2003. (c) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup date is... recordkeeping and reporting requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup. (d) You must...

  6. 40 CFR 63.8186 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... December 19, 2006. (b) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup..., 2003. (c) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup date is... recordkeeping and reporting requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup. (d) You must...

  7. 40 CFR 63.8186 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... December 19, 2006. (b) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup..., 2003. (c) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup date is... recordkeeping and reporting requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup. (d) You must...

  8. 40 CFR 63.8186 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... December 19, 2006. (b) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup..., 2003. (c) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup date is... recordkeeping and reporting requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup. (d) You must...

  9. 40 CFR 63.8186 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... December 19, 2006. (b) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup..., 2003. (c) If you have a new or reconstructed mercury recovery facility and its initial startup date is... recordkeeping and reporting requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup. (d) You must...

  10. Current status and some future test directions for the U.S. National Transonic Facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gloss, Blair B.

    1992-01-01

    The construction of the National Transonic Facility was completed in September 1982 and the start-up and checkout of the tunnel systems were performed over the following two years. In August 1984, the facility was declared operational for final checkout of cryogenic instrumentation and control systems, and for the aerodynamics calibration and testing to commence. Since 1984 several operational problems have been identified and successfully solved which is demonstrated by the fact that the facility has operated the last year with no significant facility down times. Also during this time period, development of test techniques and instrumentation has continued. This paper will review some of the recent test techniques and instrumentation developments, and will briefly review the status of the facility.

  11. Experimental Verification of Pneumatic Transport System for the Rapid Excavation of Tunnels: Part 1. Installation of Test Facility

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1978-03-01

    This report deals with the selection of a test site, the design of a test installation, equipment selection, the installation and start-up of a pneumatic pipeline system for the transportation of tunnel muck. A review of prior pneumatic applications ...

  12. 40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

  13. 40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

  14. 40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

  15. 40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

  16. 40 CFR 63.762 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.762 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of non...

  17. 40 CFR 63.1272 - Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions... Facilities § 63.1272 Startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions. (a) The provisions set forth in this subpart shall apply at all times except during startups or shutdowns, during malfunctions, and during periods of...

  18. Pinon Pine power project nears start-up

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tatar, G.A.; Gonzalez, M.; Mathur, G.K.

    1997-12-31

    The IGCC facility being built by Sierra Pacific Power Company (SPPCo) at their Tracy Station in Nevada is one of three IGCC facilities being cost-shared by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under their Clean Coal Technology Program. The specific technology to be demonstrated in SPPCo`s Round Four Project, known as the Pinon Pine IGCC Project, includes the KRW air blown pressurized fluidized bed gasification process with hot gas cleanup coupled with a combined cycle facility based on a new GE 6FA gas turbine. Construction of the 100 MW IGCC facility began in February 1995 and the first firing ofmore » the gas turbine occurred as scheduled on August 15, 1996 with natural gas. Mechanical completion of the gasifier and other outstanding work is due in January 1997. Following the startup of the plant, the project will enter a 42 month operating and testing period during which low sulfur western and high sulfur eastern or midwestern coals will be processed.« less

  19. 30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... SHELF Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) § 250.1917 What criteria for pre-startup review...-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified facilities that are subject to...

  20. 30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... SHELF Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) § 250.1917 What criteria for pre-startup review...-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified facilities that are subject to...

  1. 30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... SHELF Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS) § 250.1917 What criteria for pre-startup review...-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified facilities that are subject to...

  2. 40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

  3. 40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

  4. 40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

  5. 40 CFR 270.235 - Options for incinerators, cement kilns, lightweight aggregate kilns, solid fuel boilers, liquid...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... to minimize emissions from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. 270.235 Section 270.235... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events. (a) Facilities with existing permits—(1) Revisions to... from startup, shutdown, and malfunction events under any of the following options when requesting...

  6. Occidental vertical modified in situ process for the recovery of oil from oil shale. Phase II. Quarterly progress report, September 1, 1980-November 30, 1980

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1981-01-01

    The major activities at OOSI's Logan Wash site during the quarter were: mining the voids at all levels for Retorts 7 and 8; blasthole drilling; tracer testing MR4; conducting the start-up and burner tests on MR3; continuing the surface facility construction; and conducting Retorts 7 and 8 related Rock Fragmentation tests. Environmental monitoring continued during the quarter, and the data and analyses are discussed. Sandia National Laboratory and Laramie Energy Technology Center (LETC) personnel were active in the DOE support of the MR3 burner and start-up tests. In the last section of this report the final oil inventory for Retortmore » 6 production is detailed. The total oil produced by Retort 6 was 55,696 barrels.« less

  7. A Guide for Developing Standard Operating Job Procedures for the Digestion Process Wastewater Treatment Facility. SOJP No. 10.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schwing, Carl M.

    This guide describes standard operating job procedures for the digestion process of wastewater treatment facilities. This process is for reducing the volume of sludge to be treated in subsequent units and to reduce the volatile content of sludge. The guide gives step-by-step instructions for pre-startup, startup, continuous operating, shutdown,…

  8. PRELIMINARY DATA CALL REPORT ADVANCED BURNER REACTOR START UP FUEL FABRICATION FACILITY

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    S. T. Khericha

    2007-04-01

    The purpose of this report is to provide data for preparation of a NEPA Environmental Impact Statement in support the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). One of the GNEP objectives is to reduce the inventory of long lived actinide from the light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel. The LWR spent fuel contains Plutonium (Pu) -239 and other transuranics (TRU) such as Americium-241. One of the options is to transmute or burn these actinides in fast neutron spectra as well as generate the electricity. A sodium-cooled Advanced Recycling Reactor (ARR) concept has been proposed tomore » achieve this goal. However, fuel with relatively high TRU content has not been used in the fast reactor. To demonstrate the utilization of TRU fuel in a fast reactor, an Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) prototype of ARR is proposed, which would necessarily be started up using weapons grade (WG) Pu fuel. The WG Pu is distinguished by relatively highest proportions of Pu-239 and lesser amount of other actinides. The WG Pu will be used as the startup fuel along with TRU fuel in lead test assemblies. Because such fuel is not currently being produced in the US, a new facility (or new capability in an existing facility) is being considered for fabrication of WG Pu fuel for the ABR. This report is provided in response to ‘Data Call’ for the construction of startup fuel fabrication facility. It is anticipated that the facility will provide the startup fuel for 10-15 years and will take to 3 to 5 years to construct.« less

  9. A Blueprint for GNEP Advanced Burner Reactor Startup Fuel Fabrication Facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    S. Khericha

    2010-12-01

    The purpose of this article is to identify the requirements and issues associated with design of GNEP Advanced Burner Reactor Fuel Facility. The report was prepared in support of providing data for preparation of a NEPA Environmental Impact Statement in support the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). One of the GNEP objectives was to reduce the inventory of long lived actinide from the light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel. The LWR spent fuel contains Plutonium (Pu) -239 and other transuranics (TRU) such as Americium-241. One of the options is to transmute or burn thesemore » actinides in fast neutron spectra as well as generate the electricity. A sodium-cooled Advanced Recycling Reactor (ARR) concept was proposed to achieve this goal. However, fuel with relatively high TRU content has not been used in the fast reactor. To demonstrate the utilization of TRU fuel in a fast reactor, an Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) prototype of ARR was proposed, which would necessarily be started up using weapons grade (WG) Pu fuel. The WG Pu is distinguished by relatively highest proportions of Pu-239 and lesser amount of other actinides. The WG Pu was assumed to be used as the startup fuel along with TRU fuel in lead test assemblies. Because such fuel is not currently being produced in the US, a new facility (or new capability in an existing facility) was being considered for fabrication of WG Pu fuel for the ABR. It was estimated that the facility will provide the startup fuel for 10-15 years and would take 3 to 5 years to construct.« less

  10. Manual of Considerations and Techniques for Start-Up of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rader, R. D.; And Others

    This manual provides guidance for putting into initial operation a new municipal wastewater treatment plant, a new addition to an existing treatment plant, or a change in the mode of a treatment plant's operation. Information is provided on preparing for actual treatment plant start-up. Preparation for start-up includes: staffing the plant,…

  11. 40 CFR 63.9495 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... October 18, 2005. (b) If you have a new or reconstructed solvent mixer and its initial startup date is... initial startup. (c) If your friction materials manufacturing facility is an area source that increases... reconstructed sources upon startup or no later than October 18, 2002, whichever is later. (2) For any portion of...

  12. Startup, Shutdown, & Malfunction (SSM) Emissions at Industrial Facilities

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA issued a final action to ensure states have plans in place that are fully consistent with the Clean Air Act and recent court decisions concerning startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) operations.

  13. Fuel conditioning facility electrorefiner start-up results

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goff, K.M.; Mariani, R.D.; Vaden, D.

    1996-05-01

    At ANL-West, there are several thousand kilograms of metallic spent nuclear fuel containing bond sodium. This fuel will be treated in the Fuel Conditioning Facility (FCF) at ANL-West to produce stable waste forms for storage and disposal. The treatment operations will make use of an electrometallurgical process employing molten salts and liquid metals. The treatment equipment is presently undergoing testing with depleted uranium. Operations with irradiated fuel will commence when the environmental evaluation for FCF is complete.

  14. National Ignition Facility project acquisition plan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Callaghan, R.W.

    The purpose of this National Ignition Facility Acquisition Plan is to describe the overall procurement strategy planned for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) Project. The scope of the plan describes the procurement activities and acquisition strategy for the following phases of the NIF Project, each of which receives either plant and capital equipment (PACE) or other project cost (OPC) funds: Title 1 and 2 design and Title 3 engineering (PACE); Optics manufacturing facilitization and pilot production (OPC); Convention facility construction (PACE); Procurement, installation, and acceptance testing of equipment (PACE); and Start-up (OPC). Activities that are part of the base Inertialmore » Confinement Fusion (ICF) Program are not included in this plan. The University of California (UC), operating Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Lockheed-Martin, which operates Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) and the University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR-LLE), will conduct the acquisition of needed products and services in support of their assigned responsibilities within the NIF Project structure in accordance with their prime contracts with the Department of Energy (DOE). LLNL, designated as the lead Laboratory, will have responsibility for all procurements required for construction, installation, activation, and startup of the NIF.« less

  15. 40 CFR 63.5767 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... facility is not controlled by an add-on control device (i.e., you are complying with organic HAP content... add-on control device, you must keep the records specified in § 63.10(b) relative to control device startup, shut down, and malfunction events; control device performance tests; and continuous monitoring...

  16. 40 CFR 63.5767 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... facility is not controlled by an add-on control device (i.e., you are complying with organic HAP content... add-on control device, you must keep the records specified in § 63.10(b) relative to control device startup, shut down, and malfunction events; control device performance tests; and continuous monitoring...

  17. 40 CFR 63.5767 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... facility is not controlled by an add-on control device (i.e., you are complying with organic HAP content... add-on control device, you must keep the records specified in § 63.10(b) relative to control device startup, shut down, and malfunction events; control device performance tests; and continuous monitoring...

  18. Characteristics of dioxin emissions at startup and shutdown of MSW incinerators.

    PubMed

    Tejima, Hajime; Nishigaki, Masahide; Fujita, Yasuyuki; Matsumoto, Akihiro; Takeda, Nobuo; Takaoka, Masaki

    2007-01-01

    Dioxin concentrations from municipal waste incinerators in Japan and elsewhere often show low concentrations that comply with legal limits (in this paper, the term "dioxin" designates WHO-TEQ: PCDD/Fs+dioxin-like PCB). However, such data is usually generated under normal steady state operational conditions, and there has been little investigation of releases occurring during startup and shutdown. It is important, therefore, to ascertain quantitatively emissions in an unsteady state (startup and shutdown) in order to correctly evaluate the relationship between emissions from a facility and the surrounding environment. The present study aimed to examine dioxin emissions of a continuously operated incinerator at startup and shutdown, and estimating the time period of greatest emission, and the processes causing dioxin generation. The startup process was divided into five stages and the shutdown into two; at each stage, dioxins in the flue gas were measured at the boiler outlet and the stack. From the concentration of dioxins and the flue gas volume at each stage, the amount of dioxins at startup and shutdown were calculated, and these were compared with that under steady state conditions. Dioxin concentration at the stack under steady state conditions was a very low level, while those at startup and shutdown were higher. In the case where dioxin concentration under a steady state is a low level like in this study, it is indicated that the total annual dioxin emission from a facility could be attributed to the startup periods.

  19. A large high vacuum, high pumping speed space simulation chamber for electric propulsion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grisnik, Stanley P.; Parkes, James E.

    1994-01-01

    Testing high power electric propulsion devices poses unique requirements on space simulation facilities. Very high pumping speeds are required to maintain high vacuum levels while handling large volumes of exhaust products. These pumping speeds are significantly higher than those available in most existing vacuum facilities. There is also a requirement for relatively large vacuum chamber dimensions to minimize facility wall/thruster plume interactions and to accommodate far field plume diagnostic measurements. A 4.57 m (15 ft) diameter by 19.2 m (63 ft) long vacuum chamber at NASA Lewis Research Center is described. The chamber utilizes oil diffusion pumps in combination with cryopanels to achieve high vacuum pumping speeds at high vacuum levels. The facility is computer controlled for all phases of operation from start-up, through testing, to shutdown. The computer control system increases the utilization of the facility and reduces the manpower requirements needed for facility operations.

  20. Update on the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority`s spinning reserve battery system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Taylor, P.A.

    1996-11-01

    The Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority completed start-up testing and began commercial operation of a 20MW/14MWh battery energy storage facility in April 1995. The battery system was installed to provide rapid spinning reserve and frequency control for the utility`s island electrical system. This paper outlines the needs of an island utility for rapid spinning reserve; identifies Puerto Rico`s unique challenges; reviews the technical and economic analyses that justified installation of a battery energy system; describes the storage facility that was installed; and presents preliminary operating results of the facility.

  1. 10 CFR 609.12 - Project Costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... incurred in the design, engineering, financing, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown of the... rental of real property, including engineering fees, surveys, title insurance, recording fees, and legal... transportation for facility design, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown; (3) Costs of equipment...

  2. 10 CFR 609.12 - Project Costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... incurred in the design, engineering, financing, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown of the... rental of real property, including engineering fees, surveys, title insurance, recording fees, and legal... transportation for facility design, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown; (3) Costs of equipment...

  3. 10 CFR 609.12 - Project Costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... incurred in the design, engineering, financing, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown of the... rental of real property, including engineering fees, surveys, title insurance, recording fees, and legal... transportation for facility design, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown; (3) Costs of equipment...

  4. 10 CFR 609.12 - Project Costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... incurred in the design, engineering, financing, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown of the... rental of real property, including engineering fees, surveys, title insurance, recording fees, and legal... transportation for facility design, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown; (3) Costs of equipment...

  5. 10 CFR 609.12 - Project Costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... incurred in the design, engineering, financing, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown of the... rental of real property, including engineering fees, surveys, title insurance, recording fees, and legal... transportation for facility design, construction, startup, commissioning and shakedown; (3) Costs of equipment...

  6. Cancer in populations living near nuclear facilities. A survey of mortality nationwide and incidence in two states

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jablon, S.; Hrubec, Z.; Boice, J.D. Jr.

    Reports from the United Kingdom have described increases in leukemia and lymphoma among young persons living near certain nuclear installations. Because of concerns raised by these reports, a mortality survey was conducted in populations living near nuclear facilities in the United States. All facilities began service before 1982. Over 900,000 cancer deaths occurred from 1950 through 1984 in 107 counties with or near nuclear installations. Each study county was matched for comparison to three control counties in the same region. There were 1.8 million cancer deaths in the 292 control counties during the 35 years studied. Deaths due to leukemiamore » or other cancers were not more frequent in the study counties than in the control counties. For childhood leukemia mortality, the relative risk comparing the study counties with their controls before plant start-up was 1.08, while after start-up it was 1.03. For leukemia mortality at all ages, the relative risks were 1.02 before start-up and 0.98 after. For counties in two states, cancer incidence data were also available. For one facility, the standardized registration ratio for childhood leukemia was increased significantly after start-up. However, the increase also antedated the operation of this facility. The study is limited by the correlational approach and the large size of the geographic areas (counties) used. It does not prove the absence of any effect. If, however, any excess cancer risk was present in US counties with nuclear facilities, it was too small to be detected with the methods employed.« less

  7. 40 CFR 721.10237 - Formaldehyde, polymers with acetone-phenol reaction products and phenol, sodium salts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... ratios are as specified in the TSCA section 5(e) consent order. (B) Upon start-up of manufacture of the PMN at any new facility, conduct the American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM..., demonstrating that formaldehyde emissions are less than or equal to 0.04 ppm. (C) Development and implementation...

  8. 40 CFR 721.10237 - Formaldehyde, polymers with acetone-phenol reaction products and phenol, sodium salts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... ratios are as specified in the TSCA section 5(e) consent order. (B) Upon start-up of manufacture of the PMN at any new facility, conduct the American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM..., demonstrating that formaldehyde emissions are less than or equal to 0.04 ppm. (C) Development and implementation...

  9. The accomplishments of lithium target and test facility validation activities in the IFMIF/EVEDA phase

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arbeiter, Frederik; Baluc, Nadine; Favuzza, Paolo; Gröschel, Friedrich; Heidinger, Roland; Ibarra, Angel; Knaster, Juan; Kanemura, Takuji; Kondo, Hiroo; Massaut, Vincent; Saverio Nitti, Francesco; Miccichè, Gioacchino; O'hira, Shigeru; Rapisarda, David; Sugimoto, Masayoshi; Wakai, Eiichi; Yokomine, Takehiko

    2018-01-01

    As part of the engineering validation and engineering design activities (EVEDA) phase for the international fusion materials irradiation facility IFMIF, major elements of a lithium target facility and the test facility were designed, prototyped and validated. For the lithium target facility, the EVEDA lithium test loop was built at JAEA and used to test the stability (waves and long term) of the lithium flow in the target, work out the startup procedures, and test lithium purification and analysis. It was confirmed by experiments in the Lifus 6 plant at ENEA that lithium corrosion on ferritic martensitic steels is acceptably low. Furthermore, complex remote handling procedures for the remote maintenance of the target in the test cell environment were successfully practiced. For the test facility, two variants of a high flux test module were prototyped and tested in helium loops, demonstrating their good capabilities of maintaining the material specimens at the desired temperature with a low temperature spread. Irradiation tests were performed for heated specimen capsules and irradiation instrumentation in the BR2 reactor at SCK-CEN. The small specimen test technique, essential for obtaining material test results with limited irradiation volume, was advanced by evaluating specimen shape and test technique influences.

  10. Solenoid-free plasma start-up in spherical tokamaks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raman, R.; Shevchenko, V. F.

    2014-10-01

    The central solenoid is an intrinsic part of all present-day tokamaks and most spherical tokamaks. The spherical torus (ST) confinement concept is projected to operate at high toroidal beta and at a high fraction of the non-inductive bootstrap current as required for an efficient reactor system. The use of a conventional solenoid in a ST-based fusion nuclear facility is generally believed to not be a possibility. Solenoid-free plasma start-up is therefore an area of extensive worldwide research activity. Solenoid-free plasma start-up is also relevant to steady-state tokamak operation, as the central transformer coil of a conventional aspect ratio tokamak reactor would be located in a high radiation environment but would be needed only during the initial discharge initiation and current ramp-up phases. Solenoid-free operation also provides greater flexibility in the selection of the aspect ratio and simplifies the reactor design. Plasma start-up methods based on induction from external poloidal field coils, helicity injection and radio frequency current drive have all made substantial progress towards meeting this important need for the ST. Some of these systems will now undergo the final stages of test in a new generation of large STs, which are scheduled to begin operations during the next two years. This paper reviews research to date on methods for inducing the initial start-up current in STs without reliance on the conventional central solenoid.

  11. Transient Approximation of SAFE-100 Heat Pipe Operation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.; Reid, Robert S.

    2005-01-01

    Engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have designed several heat pipe cooled reactor concepts, ranging in power from 15 kWt to 800 kWt, for both surface power systems and nuclear electric propulsion systems. The Safe, Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) is now being developed in a collaborative effort between LANL and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA/MSFC). NASA is responsible for fabrication and testing of non-nuclear, electrically heated modules in the Early Flight Fission Test Facility (EFF-TF) at MSFC. In-core heat pipes must be properly thawed as the reactor power starts. Computational models have been developed to assess the expected operation of a specific heat pipe design during start-up, steady state operation, and shutdown. While computationally intensive codes provide complete, detailed analyses of heat pipe thaw, a relatively simple. concise routine can also be applied to approximate the response of a heat pipe to changes in the evaporator heat transfer rate during start-up and power transients (e.g., modification of reactor power level) with reasonably accurate results. This paper describes a simplified model of heat pipe start-up that extends previous work and compares the results to experimental measurements for a SAFE-100 type heat pipe design.

  12. Qualification of CASMO5 / SIMULATE-3K against the SPERT-III E-core cold start-up experiments

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grandi, G.; Moberg, L.

    SIMULATE-3K is a three-dimensional kinetic code applicable to LWR Reactivity Initiated Accidents. S3K has been used to calculate several international recognized benchmarks. However, the feedback models in the benchmark exercises are different from the feedback models that SIMULATE-3K uses for LWR reactors. For this reason, it is worth comparing the SIMULATE-3K capabilities for Reactivity Initiated Accidents against kinetic experiments. The Special Power Excursion Reactor Test III was a pressurized-water, nuclear-research facility constructed to analyze the reactor kinetic behavior under initial conditions similar to those of commercial LWRs. The SPERT III E-core resembles a PWR in terms of fuel type, moderator,more » coolant flow rate, and system pressure. The initial test conditions (power, core flow, system pressure, core inlet temperature) are representative of cold start-up, hot start-up, hot standby, and hot full power. The qualification of S3K against the SPERT III E-core measurements is an ongoing work at Studsvik. In this paper, the results for the 30 cold start-up tests are presented. The results show good agreement with the experiments for the reactivity initiated accident main parameters: peak power, energy release and compensated reactivity. Predicted and measured peak powers differ at most by 13%. Measured and predicted reactivity compensations at the time of the peak power differ less than 0.01 $. Predicted and measured energy release differ at most by 13%. All differences are within the experimental uncertainty. (authors)« less

  13. Pulse mitigation and heat transfer enhancement techniques. Volume 3: Liquid sodium heat transfer facility and transient response of sodium heat pipe to pulse forward and reverse heat load

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chow, L. C.; Hahn, O. J.; Nguyen, H. X.

    1992-08-01

    This report presents the description of a liquid sodium heat transfer facility (sodium loop) constructed to support the study of transient response of heat pipes. The facility, consisting of the loop itself, a safety system, and a data acquisition system, can be safely operated over a wide range of temperature and sodium flow rate. The transient response of a heat pipe to pulse heat load at the condenser section was experimentally investigated. A 0.457 m screen wick, sodium heat pipe with an outer diameter of 0.127 m was tested under different heat loading conditions. A major finding was that the heat pipe reversed under a pulse heat load applied at the condenser. The time of reversal was approximately 15 to 25 seconds. The startup of the heat pipe from frozen state was also studied. It was found that during the startup process, at least part of the heat pipe was active. The active region extended gradually down to the end of the condenser until all of the working fluid in the heat pipe was molten.

  14. Start-up and operating costs for artisan cheese companies.

    PubMed

    Bouma, Andrea; Durham, Catherine A; Meunier-Goddik, Lisbeth

    2014-01-01

    Lack of valid economic data for artisan cheese making is a serious impediment to developing a realistic business plan and obtaining financing. The objective of this study was to determine approximate start-up and operating costs for an artisan cheese company. In addition, values are provided for the required size of processing and aging facilities associated with specific production volumes. Following in-depth interviews with existing artisan cheese makers, an economic model was developed to predict costs based on input variables such as production volume, production frequency, cheese types, milk types and cost, labor expenses, and financing. Estimated values for start-up cost for processing and aging facility ranged from $267,248 to $623,874 for annual production volumes of 3,402 kg (7,500 lb) and 27,216 kg (60,000 lb), respectively. First-year production costs ranged from $65,245 to $620,094 for the above-mentioned production volumes. It is likely that high start-up and operating costs remain a significant entry barrier for artisan cheese entrepreneurs. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  15. Try Caring...For a Living. Wisconsin Child Care Improvement Project Child Care Administration Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wisconsin Early Childhood Association, Madison.

    A collection of 26 fact sheets on child care administration produced by the Wisconsin Child Care Improvement Project from 1986 through 1989 is presented. Individual fact sheets concern: national trends, center start-up, family day care start-up, site and facility acquisition, public funding, effective center operation, reporting of child abuse and…

  16. The roles of a process development group in biopharmaceutical process startup.

    PubMed

    Goochee, Charles F

    2002-01-01

    The transfer of processes for biotherapeutic products into finalmanufacturing facilities was frequently problematic during the 1980's and early 1990's, resulting in costly delays to licensure(Pisano 1997). While plant startups for this class of products can become chaotic affairs, this is not an inherent or intrinsic feature. Major classes of process startup problems have been identified andmechanisms have been developed to reduce their likelihood of occurrence. These classes of process startup problems and resolution mechanisms are the major topic of this article. With proper planning and sufficient staffing, the probably of a smooth process startup for a biopharmaceutical product can be very high - i.e., successful process performance will often beachieved within the first two full-scale process lots in the plant. The primary focus of this article is the role of the Process Development Group in helping to assure this high probability of success.

  17. Risk management technique for liquefied natural gas facilities

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fedor, O. H.; Parsons, W. N.

    1975-01-01

    Checklists have been compiled for planning, design, construction, startup and debugging, and operation of liquefied natural gas facilities. Lists include references to pertinent safety regulations. Methods described are applicable to handling of other hazardous materials.

  18. Depleted uranium startup of spent-fuel treatment operations at ANL-West

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goff, K.M.; Mariani, R.D.; Bonomo, N.L.

    1995-12-31

    At Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-West) there are several thousand kilograms of Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) spent nuclear fuel. This fuel will be treated using an electrometallurgical process in the fuel conditioning facility (FCF) at ANL-West to produce stable waste forms for storage and disposal. The process equipment is undergoing testing with depleted uranium in preparation for irradiated fuel operations during the summer of 1995.

  19. The US National Transonic Facility, NTF

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bruce, Walter E., Jr.; Gloss, Blair B.

    1989-01-01

    The construction of the National Transonic Facility was completed in September 1982 and the start-up and checkout of tunnel systems were performed over the next two years. In August 1984, the Operational Readiness Review (ORR) was conducted and the facility was declared operational for final checkout of cryogenic instrumentation and control systems, and for the aerodynamic calibration and testing to commence. Also, the model access system for the cryogenic mode of operation would be placed into operation along with tunnel testing. Since the ORR, a host of operating problems resulting from the cryogenic environment were identified and solved. These range from making mechanical and electrical systems functional to eliminating temperature induced model vibration to coping with the outgassing of moisture from the thermal insulation. Additionally, a series of aerodynamic tests have demonstrated data quality and provided research data on several configurations. Some of the more significant efforts are reviewed since the ORR and the NTF status concerning hardware, instrumentation and process controls systems, operating constraints imposed by the cryogenic environment, and data quality are summarized.

  20. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carmack, Jon; Hayes, Steven; Walters, L. C.

    This document explores startup fuel options for a proposed test/demonstration fast reactor. The fuel options considered are the metallic fuels U-Zr and U-Pu-Zr and the ceramic fuels UO 2 and UO 2-PuO 2 (MOX). Attributes of the candidate fuel choices considered were feedstock availability, fabrication feasibility, rough order of magnitude cost and schedule, and the existing irradiation performance database. The reactor-grade plutonium bearing fuels (U-Pu-Zr and MOX) were eliminated from consideration as the initial startup fuels because the availability and isotopics of domestic plutonium feedstock is uncertain. There are international sources of reactor grade plutonium feedstock but isotopics and availabilitymore » are also uncertain. Weapons grade plutonium is the only possible source of Pu feedstock in sufficient quantities needed to fuel a startup core. Currently, the available U.S. source of (excess) weapons-grade plutonium is designated for irradiation in commercial light water reactors (LWR) to a level that would preclude diversion. Weapons-grade plutonium also contains a significant concentration of gallium. Gallium presents a potential issue for both the fabrication of MOX fuel as well as possible performance issues for metallic fuel. Also, the construction of a fuel fabrication line for plutonium fuels, with or without a line to remove gallium, is expected to be considerably more expensive than for uranium fuels. In the case of U-Pu-Zr, a relatively small number of fuel pins have been irradiated to high burnup, and in no case has a full assembly been irradiated to high burnup without disassembly and re-constitution. For MOX fuel, the irradiation database from the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) is extensive. If a significant source of either weapons-grade or reactor-grade Pu became available (i.e., from an international source), a startup core based on Pu could be reconsidered.« less

  1. Neutron scattering facilities at Chalk River

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Holden, T.M.; Powell, B.M.; Dolling, G.

    1995-12-31

    The Chalk River Laboratories of AECL Research provides neutron beams for research with the NRU reactor. The NRU reactor has eight reactor loops for engineering test experiments, 30 isotope irradiation sites and beam tubes, six of which feed the neutron scattering instruments. The peak thermal flux is 3 {times} 10{sup 14}n cm{sup {minus}2} s{sup {minus}1}. The neutron spectrometers are operated as national facilities for Canadian neutron scattering research. Since the research requirements for the Canadian nuclear industry are changing, and since the NRU reactor is unlikely to operate much beyond the year 2000, a new Irradiation Research Facility (IRF) ismore » being considered for start-up in the first decade of the next century. An outline is given of this proposed new neutron source.« less

  2. Physics of Tokamak Plasma Start-up

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mueller, Dennis

    2012-10-01

    This tutorial describes and reviews the state-of-art in tokamak plasma start-up and its importance to next step devices such as ITER, a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility and a Tokamak/ST demo. Tokamak plasma start-up includes breakdown of the initial gas, ramp-up of the plasma current to its final value and the control of plasma parameters during those phases. Tokamaks rely on an inductive component, typically a central solenoid, which has enabled attainment of high performance levels that has enabled the construction of the ITER device. Optimizing the inductive start-up phase continues to be an area of active research, especially in regards to achieving ITER scenarios. A new generation of superconducting tokamaks, EAST and KSTAR, experiments on DIII-D and operation with JET's ITER-like wall are contributing towards this effort. Inductive start-up relies on transformer action to generate a toroidal loop voltage and successful start-up is determined by gas breakdown, avalanche physics and plasma-wall interaction. The goal of achieving steady-sate tokamak operation has motivated interest in other methods for start-up that do not rely on the central solenoid. These include Coaxial Helicity Injection, outer poloidal field coil start-up, and point source helicity injection, which have achieved 200, 150 and 100 kA respectively of toroidal current on closed flux surfaces. Other methods including merging reconnection startup and Electron Bernstein Wave (EBW) plasma start-up are being studied on various devices. EBW start-up generates a directed electron channel due to wave particle interaction physics while the other methods mentioned rely on magnetic helicity injection and magnetic reconnection which are being modeled and understood using NIMROD code simulations.

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brink, J.

    Crude oil (c. 10,700 BOPD) was produced through temporary topside facilities in the Rolf Field offshore Denmark from January 7th to September 17th, 1986. These simple, unmanned and remote controlled facilities were a low cost solution to a problem caused by delays of the permanent topside facilities. Project execution time was two months from start of conceptual design until start-up of oil production. Installation works were performed from a jack-up drilling rig - in part simultaneously with drilling operations. Materials and equipment installed were obtained with very short delivery times. The facilties which were certified by a Certification Society andmore » approved by the Danish Authoritites included all necessary safety features. Total costs for the facilities amounted to c. 1 million US$ (excl. rig time for installation). Due to simplicity high reliability of the production system was obtained. Availability of the facilities for the entire period from start-up was 99.6 percent. The facilities were manned 3.2 percent of the total operating time mainly due to wireline work for reservoir monitoring. It is considered that the experience with the concept applied for the early production from the Rolf Field could form the basis for more simple and cost effective topside facilities for minor offshore fields.« less

  4. Start-up and Self-sustain Test of 500 W Ultra-Micro Gas Turbine Generator

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seo, Jeong Min; Park, Jun Young; Seog Choi, Bum

    2013-12-01

    This paper provides the performance test for start-up and self-sustaining of 500W ultra-micro gas turbine (UMGT) generator. Each component of UMGT, a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine, an annular combustor and a shaft is already designed, manufactured and tested to meet design requirements in previous researches. However, they are not tested to work in an integrate system. Currently, integrated test unit with a compressor, a combustor and a turbine, is developed to find the proper condition of start-up and self-sustain. Ignition sequence depending on rotating speed is designed. Performance test for start-up and self-sustain is designed based on the ignition possible condition. An air impingement starter and a hot bulb inginer are applied. LPG is used as main fuel.

  5. 40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

  6. 40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

  7. 40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Performance Testing ...

  8. Design and start-up of Gary Works' pulverized coal injection facilities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    O'Donnell, E.M.; Cloran, L.M.; Oshnock, T.W.

    1993-07-01

    A pulverized coal injection system began operation at the Gary works' blast furnaces on Feb. 1, 1993. This system is capable of processing more than 3500 tons of coal/day to eventually supply the furnaces at a 400 lb/NTHM rate. The start-up was aggressive with coal levels exceeding 200 lb/NTHM within two to five weeks on the furnaces. Current rates are in the 250 to 290 lb/NTHM range.

  9. Determining Water Content and Distribution in PEMFCs to Predict Aging While in Storage

    DOE PAGES

    Stariha, Sarah; Wilson, Mahlon Scott; LaManna, Jacob M.; ...

    2017-08-24

    Proton membrane exchange fuel cells (PEMFCs) have the potential to be long term backup power sources with a startup time on the order of seconds. Water management is the key issue in being able to successfully store PEMFCs for extended periods of time. In this work custom made PEMFCs were humidified at various relative humidities (%RH) and subsequently stored for different lengths of time. The fuel cell’s water content was then imaged at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) neutron imaging facility. In conclusion, the cells’ startup performances were measured simulating quick startup conditions to define the effectmore » of different water distributions.« less

  10. Bio-Manufacturing to market pilot project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dressen, Tiffaney

    The Bio-Manufacturing to Market pilot project was a part of the AMJIAC, the Advanced Manufacturing Jobs and Innovation Accelerator Challenge grant. This internship program set out to further define and enhance the talent pipeline from the University and local Community Colleges to startup culture in East Bay Area, provide undergraduate STEM students with opportunities outside academia, and provide startup companies with much needed talent. Over the 4 year period of performance, the Bio-Manufacturing to Market internship program sponsored 75 undergraduate STEM students who were able to spend anywhere from one to six semesters working with local Bay Area startup companiesmore » and DOE sponsored facilities/programs in the biotech, bio-manufacturing, and biomedical device fields.« less

  11. Determining Water Content and Distribution in PEMFCs to Predict Aging While in Storage

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stariha, Sarah; Wilson, Mahlon Scott; LaManna, Jacob M.

    Proton membrane exchange fuel cells (PEMFCs) have the potential to be long term backup power sources with a startup time on the order of seconds. Water management is the key issue in being able to successfully store PEMFCs for extended periods of time. In this work custom made PEMFCs were humidified at various relative humidities (%RH) and subsequently stored for different lengths of time. The fuel cell’s water content was then imaged at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) neutron imaging facility. In conclusion, the cells’ startup performances were measured simulating quick startup conditions to define the effectmore » of different water distributions.« less

  12. Thermal Vacuum Testing of a Helium Loop Heat Pipe for Large Area Cryocooling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ku, Jentung; Robinson, Franklin

    2016-01-01

    A loop heat pipe must start successfully before it can commence its service. The startup transient represents one of the most complex phenomena in the loop heat pipe operation. This paper discusses various aspects of loop heat pipe startup behaviors. Topics include the four startup scenarios, the initial fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir that determines the startup scenario, factors that affect the fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir, difficulties encountered during the low power startup, and methods to enhance the startup success. Also addressed are the pressure spike and pressure surge during the startup transient, and repeated cycles of loop startup and shutdown under certain conditions.

  13. Preparation and testing of nickel-based superalloy/sodium heat pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Qin; Han, Haitao; Hu, Longfei; Chen, Siyuan; Yu, Jijun; Ai, Bangcheng

    2017-11-01

    In this work, a kind of uni-piece nickel-based superalloy/sodium heat pipe is proposed. Five models of high temperature heat pipe were prepared using GH3044 and GH4099 nickel-based superalloys. And their startup performance and ablation resistance were investigated by quartz lamp calorifier radiation and wind tunnel tests, respectively. It is found that the amount of charging sodium affects the startup performance of heat pipes apparently. No startup phenomenon was found for insufficient sodium charged model. In contrast, the models charged with sufficient sodium startup successfully, displaying a uniform temperature distribution. During wind tunnel test, the corresponding models experienced a shorter startup time than that during quartz lamp heating. GH4099/sodium heat pipe shows excellent ablation resistance, being better than that of GH3044/sodium heat pipe. Therefore, it is proposed that this kind of heat pipe has a potential application in thermal protection system of hypersonic cruise vehicles.

  14. Nuclear Waste: Defense Waste Processing Facility-Cost, Schedule, and Technical Issues.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-06-17

    gallons of high-level radioactive waste stored in underground tanks at the savannah major facility involved Is the Defense Waste Processing Facility ( DwPF ...As a result of concerns about potential problems with the DWPF and delays in its scheduled start-up, the Chairman of the Environment, Energy, and...Natural Resources Subcommittee, House Committee on Government Operations, asked GAO to review the status of the DWPF and other facilities. This report

  15. Simulation of Cold Flow in a Truncated Ideal Nozzle with Film Cooling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Braman, Kalen; Ruf, Joseph

    2015-01-01

    Flow transients during rocket start-up and shut-down can lead to significant side loads on rocket nozzles. The capability to estimate these side loads computationally can streamline the nozzle design process. Towards this goal, the flow in a truncated ideal contour (TIC) nozzle has been simulated for a range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) aimed to match a series of cold flow experiments performed at the NASA MSFC Nozzle Test Facility. These simulations were performed with varying turbulence model choices and with four different versions of the TIC nozzle model geometry, each of which was created with a different simplification to the test article geometry.

  16. Solar Thermal Propulsion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gerrish, Harold P., Jr.

    2003-01-01

    This paper presents viewgraphs on Solar Thermal Propulsion (STP). Some of the topics include: 1) Ways to use Solar Energy for Propulsion; 2) Solar (fusion) Energy; 3) Operation in Orbit; 4) Propulsion Concepts; 5) Critical Equations; 6) Power Efficiency; 7) Major STP Projects; 8) Types of STP Engines; 9) Solar Thermal Propulsion Direct Gain Assembly; 10) Specific Impulse; 11) Thrust; 12) Temperature Distribution; 13) Pressure Loss; 14) Transient Startup; 15) Axial Heat Input; 16) Direct Gain Engine Design; 17) Direct Gain Engine Fabrication; 18) Solar Thermal Propulsion Direct Gain Components; 19) Solar Thermal Test Facility; and 20) Checkout Results.

  17. ICD Complex Operations and Maintenance Plan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gibson, P. L.

    2007-06-25

    This Operations and Maintenance (O&M) Plan describes how the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) conducts operations, winterization, and startup of the Idaho CERCLA Disposal Facility (ICDF) Complex. The ICDF Complex is the centralized INL facility responsible for the receipt, storage, treatment (as necessary), and disposal of INL Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) remediation waste.

  18. 40 CFR 63.2261 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... tests upon initial startup or no later than 180 calendar days after the compliance date that is... conduct initial compliance demonstrations that do not require performance tests upon initial startup or no...

  19. 40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

  20. 40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

  1. 40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

  2. 40 CFR 63.9565 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... limitation (including any operating limit) in this subpart during startup, shutdown, or malfunction.... Examples include hexane, toluene, and trichloroethylene. Initial startup means the first time that equipment is put into operation. Initial startup does not include operation solely for testing equipment...

  3. Testing of a Loop Heat Pipe Subjected to Variable Accelerating Forces

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ku, Jentung; Ottenstein, Laura; Kaya, Tarik; Rogers, Paul; Hoff, Craig

    2000-01-01

    This paper presents viewgraphs of the functionality of a loop heat pipe that was subjected to variable accelerating forces. The topics include: 1) Summary of LHP (Loop Heat Pipe) Design Parameters; 2) Picture of the LHP; 3) Schematic of Test Setup; 4) Test Configurations; 5) Test Profiles; 6) Overview of Test Results; 7) Start-up; 8) Typical Start-up without Temperature Overshoot; 9) Start-up with a Large Temperature Overshoot; 10) LHP Operation Under Stationary Condition; 11) LHP Operation Under Continuous Acceleration; 12) LHP Operation Under Periodic Acceleration; 13) Effects of Acceleration on Temperature Oscillation and Hysteresis; 14) Temperature Oscillation/Hysteresis vs Spin Rate; and 15) Summary.

  4. NRU is onstream successfully at Block 31

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Looney, S.K.; Price, B.C.; Wilson, C.A.

    1986-12-17

    A nitrogen rejection facility, designed and fabricated by Koch Process Systems Inc., has exceeded design capacity and product purity specifications on Block 31 field about 30 miles south of Odessa, Tex. The unit is currently processing approximately 65 MMscfd of oil-associated gas; producing 21 MMscfd nitrogen, 32 MMscfd fuel gas, and 320,000 gal/day ethane-plus product. The startup of this nitrogen rejection facility represents the first facility for handling a feed with such a wide variation in composition. The process worked according to design and has met or exceeded product criteria. The plant is currently processing 10% over design at 78more » MMscfd (70 MMscfd net raw feed) and producing 330,000 gal/day of NGL's, with an ethane recovery of 88%. As with most startups, the main problems were with the rotating equipment items, especially the expander/compressor units. The NRF is providing a reliable source of fuel and should increase plant production and field life.« less

  5. Claus sulfur recovery unit startups

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Parnell, D.C.

    1973-08-01

    Because of the recent emphasis on reducing sulfur emissions to the atmosphere, Claus-type sulfur recovery units are becoming more prevalent throughout the industry. Many plants, including refinery, chemical, and natural gasoline units, are being required to install Claus sulfur recovery facilities to meet pollution requirements. Although Claus units in some cases cannot alone meet the most rigid air pollution codes currently being enforced, they are still the most economical and practical method for recovering about 94 to 97% of the sulfur from hydrogen sulfide rich gases. For best operation and longer service life, proper startup and shutdown procedures for thesemore » sulfur recovery units should be followed. On all startups and shutdowns, these units require considerable operator attention; improper operation during these critical phases can affect overall plant efficiency.« less

  6. Fabrication of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipes for sharp leading edge cooling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ai, Bangcheng; Chen, Siyuan; Yu, Jijun; Lu, Qin; Han, Hantao; Hu, Longfei

    2018-05-01

    In this study, lithium/C-103 alloys heat pipes are proposed for sharp leading edge cooling. Three models of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipes were fabricated. And their startup properties were tested by radiant heat tests and aerothermal tests. It is found that the startup temperature of lithium heat pipe was about 860 °C. At 1000 °C radiant heat tests, the operating temperature of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipe is lower than 860 °C. Thus, startup failure occurs. At 1100 °C radiant heat tests and aerothermal tests, the operating temperature of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipe is higher than 860 °C, and the heat pipe starts up successfully. The startup of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipe decreases the leading edge temperature effectively, which endows itself good ablation resistance. After radiant heat tests and aerothermal tests, all the heat pipe models are severely oxidized because of the C-103 poor oxidation resistance. Therefore, protective coatings are required for further applications of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipes.

  7. A New Foil Air Bearing Test Rig for Use to 700 C and 70,000 rpm

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    DellaCorte, Chris

    1997-01-01

    A new test rig has been developed for evaluating foil air bearings at high temperatures and speeds. These bearings are self acting hydrodynamic air bearings which have been successfully applied to a variety of turbomachinery operating up to 650 C. This unique test rig is capable of measuring bearing torque during start-up, shut-down and high speed operation. Load capacity and general performance characteristics, such as durability, can be measured at temperatures to 700 C and speeds to 70,000 rpm. This paper describes the new test rig and demonstrates its capabilities through the preliminary characterization of several bearings. The bearing performance data from this facility can be used to develop advanced turbomachinery incorporating high temperature oil-free air bearing technology.

  8. Implementing solutions to barriers to on-site HIV testing in substance abuse treatment: a tale of three facilities.

    PubMed

    Hood, Kristina B; Robertson, Angela A; Baird-Thomas, Connie

    2015-04-01

    Due to the scarcity of resources for implementing rapid on-site HIV testing, many substance abuse treatment programs do not offer these services. This study sought to determine whether addressing previously identified implementation barriers to integrating on-site rapid HIV testing into the treatment admissions process would increase offer and acceptance rates. Results indicate that it is feasible to integrate rapid HIV testing into existing treatment programs for substance abusers when resources are provided. Addressing barriers such as providing start-up costs for HIV testing, staff training, addressing staffing needs to reduce competing job responsibilities, and helping treatment staff members overcome their concerns about clients' reactions to positive test results is paramount for the integration and maintenance of such programs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. 40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by..., except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10... performance test, with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup...

  10. 40 CFR 63.1346 - Operating limits for kilns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... not exceeded, except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by..., except during periods of startup/shutdown when the temperature limit may be exceeded by no more than 10... performance test, with or without the raw mill operating, is not exceeded, except during periods of startup...

  11. 40 CFR 63.9495 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Friction Materials Manufacturing... initial startup. (c) If your friction materials manufacturing facility is an area source that increases...

  12. 40 CFR 63.9495 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Friction Materials Manufacturing... initial startup. (c) If your friction materials manufacturing facility is an area source that increases...

  13. 40 CFR 63.9495 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Friction Materials Manufacturing... initial startup. (c) If your friction materials manufacturing facility is an area source that increases...

  14. 40 CFR 63.9495 - When do I have to comply with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Friction Materials Manufacturing... initial startup. (c) If your friction materials manufacturing facility is an area source that increases...

  15. Early Results from Solar Dynamic Space Power System Testing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shaltens, Richard K.; Mason, Lee S.

    1996-01-01

    A government/industry team designed, built and tested a 2-kWe solar dynamic space power system in a large thermal vacuum facility with a simulated Sun at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The Lewis facility provides an accurate simulation of temperatures, high vacuum and solar flux as encountered in low-Earth orbit. The solar dynamic system includes a Brayton power conversion unit integrated with a solar receiver which is designed to store energy for continuous power operation during the eclipse phase of the orbit. This paper reviews the goals and status of the Solar Dynamic Ground Test Demonstration project and describes the initial testing, including both operational and performance data. System testing to date has accumulated over 365 hours of power operation (ranging from 400 watts to 2.0-W(sub e)), including 187 simulated orbits, 16 ambient starts and 2 hot restarts. Data are shown for an orbital startup, transient and steady-state orbital operation and shutdown. System testing with varying insolation levels and operating speeds is discussed. The solar dynamic ground test demonstration is providing the experience and confidence toward a successful flight demonstration of the solar dynamic technologies on the Space Station Mir in 1997.

  16. Cool-down and frozen start-up behavior of a grooved water heat pipe

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jang, Jong Hoon

    1990-01-01

    A grooved water heat pipe was tested to study its characteristics during the cool-down and start-up periods. The water heat pipe was cooled down from the ambient temperature to below the freezing temperature of water. During the cool-down, isothermal conditions were maintained at the evaporator and adiabatic sections until the working fluid was frozen. When water was frozen along the entire heat pipe, the heat pipe was rendered inactive. The start-up of the heat pipe from this state was studied under several different operating conditions. The results show the existence of large temperature gradients between the evaporator and the condenser, and the moving of the melting front of the working fluid along the heat pipe. Successful start-up was achieved for some test cases using partial gravity assist. The start-up behavior depended largely on the operating conditions.

  17. 40 CFR 60.1185 - What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift supervisor obtain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What types of operator certification... Certification § 60.1185 What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift... combustion unit initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) Six months after they transfer to the municipal...

  18. 40 CFR 60.1185 - What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift supervisor obtain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What types of operator certification... Certification § 60.1185 What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift... combustion unit initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) Six months after they transfer to the municipal...

  19. 40 CFR 60.1185 - What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift supervisor obtain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What types of operator certification... Certification § 60.1185 What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift... combustion unit initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) Six months after they transfer to the municipal...

  20. 40 CFR 60.1185 - What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift supervisor obtain...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What types of operator certification... Certification § 60.1185 What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift... combustion unit initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) Six months after they transfer to the municipal...

  1. 40 CFR 63.2261 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... initial startup or no later than 180 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified for your... compliance demonstrations that do not require performance tests upon initial startup or no later than 30...

  2. 40 CFR 63.2261 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... initial startup or no later than 180 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified for your... compliance demonstrations that do not require performance tests upon initial startup or no later than 30...

  3. 40 CFR 63.2261 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... conduct performance tests upon initial startup or no later than 180 calendar days after the compliance... initial startup or no later than 30 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified for your...

  4. 40 CFR 63.2261 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... conduct performance tests upon initial startup or no later than 180 calendar days after the compliance... initial startup or no later than 30 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified for your...

  5. N.S. SAVANNAH, DRAFT OF FINAL SAFEGUARDS REPORT TEST, START-UP AND TRIALS, NEW YORK SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    1960-04-01

    The N. S. Savannah program for testing, start-up, and initial operation of all reactor and propulsion components and systems is discussed. Definitions of test phases are given and various stages of the test program are outlined. A list of tests for the various reactor, propulsion, and other system components is included. (C.J.G.)

  6. Engineering analysis activities in support of susquehanna unit 1 startup testing and cycle 1 operations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miller, G.D.; Kukielka, C.A.; Olson, L.M.

    The engineering analysis group is responsible for all nuclear plant systems analysis and reactor analysis activities, excluding fuel management analysis, at Pennsylvania Power and Light Company. These activities include making pretest and posttest predictions of startup tests; analyzing unplanned or unexpected transient events; providing technical training to plant personnel; assisting in the development of emergency drill scenarios; providing engineering evaluations to support design and technical specification changes, and evaluating, assessing, and resolving a number of license conditions. Many of these activities have required the direct use of RETRAN models. Two RETRAN analyses that were completed to support plant operations -more » a pretest analysis of the turbine trip startup test, and a posttest analysis of the loss of startup transformer event - are investigated. For each case, RETRAN results are compared with available plant data and comparisons are drawn on the acceptability of the performance of the plant systems.« less

  7. 40 CFR 61.164 - Test methods and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... effective date of this subpart for a source that has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) No later than 90 days after startup for a source that has an initial startup date after the... glass type (i) produced during the 12-month period, as follows: ER17OC00.483 Where: Ti = The theoretical...

  8. 40 CFR 61.164 - Test methods and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... effective date of this subpart for a source that has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) No later than 90 days after startup for a source that has an initial startup date after the... glass type (i) produced during the 12-month period, as follows: ER17OC00.483 Where: Ti = The theoretical...

  9. 40 CFR 61.164 - Test methods and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... effective date of this subpart for a source that has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) No later than 90 days after startup for a source that has an initial startup date after the... glass type (i) produced during the 12-month period, as follows: ER17OC00.483 Where: Ti = The theoretical...

  10. 40 CFR 61.164 - Test methods and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... effective date of this subpart for a source that has an initial startup date preceding the effective date; or (2) No later than 90 days after startup for a source that has an initial startup date after the... glass type (i) produced during the 12-month period, as follows: ER17OC00.483 Where: Ti = The theoretical...

  11. 40 CFR 63.4981 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... recordkeeping when data are based on a business accounting period. Organic HAP content means the mass of organic... CFR 70.2. Startup, initial means the first time equipment is brought online in a facility. Surface...

  12. 40 CFR 60.1160 - Who must complete the operator training course? By when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... types of employees must complete the EPA or State-approved operator training course: (1) Chief facility... initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that...

  13. 40 CFR 60.1160 - Who must complete the operator training course? By when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... types of employees must complete the EPA or State-approved operator training course: (1) Chief facility... initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that...

  14. 40 CFR 60.1160 - Who must complete the operator training course? By when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... types of employees must complete the EPA or State-approved operator training course: (1) Chief facility... initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that...

  15. 40 CFR 60.1160 - Who must complete the operator training course? By when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... types of employees must complete the EPA or State-approved operator training course: (1) Chief facility... initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that...

  16. 40 CFR 60.1160 - Who must complete the operator training course? By when?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... types of employees must complete the EPA or State-approved operator training course: (1) Chief facility... initial startup. (2) December 6, 2001. (3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that...

  17. Fluctuating Pressure Analysis of a 2-D SSME Nozzle Air Flow Test

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Reed, Darren; Hidalgo, Homero

    1996-01-01

    To better understand the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) startup/shutdown tansients, an airflow test of a two dimensional nozzle was conducted at Marshall Space Flight Center's trisonic wind tunnel. Photographic and other instrumentation show during an SSME start large nozzle shell distortions occur as the Mach disk is passing through the nozzle. During earlier develop of the SSME, this startup transient resulted in low cycle fatigue failure of one of the LH2 feedlines. The two dimensional SSME nozzle test was designed to measure the static and fluctuating pressure environment and color Schlieren video during the startup and shutdown phases of the run profile.

  18. Practical guide: Tools and methodologies for an oil and gas industry emission inventory

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Thompson, C.C.; Killian, T.L.

    1996-12-31

    During the preparation of Title V Permit applications, the quantification and speciation of emission sources from oil and gas facilities were reevaluated to determine the {open_quotes}potential-to-emit.{close_quotes} The existing emissions were primarily based on EPA emission factors such as AP-42, for tanks, combustion sources, and fugitive emissions from component leaks. Emissions from insignificant activities and routine operations that are associated with maintenance, startups and shutdowns, and releases to control devices also required quantification. To reconcile EPA emission factors with test data, process knowledge, and manufacturer`s data, a careful review of other estimation options was performed. This paper represents the results ofmore » this analysis of emission sources at oil and gas facilities, including exploration and production, compressor stations and gas plants.« less

  19. Safe start up of a green field ethylene plant

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stark, C.L.; Moore, J.R.

    1994-12-31

    In 1988, Westlake Petrochemicals Corporation elected to construct and operate a facility for producing 1 billion pounds per year of ethylene. The project was to be accomplished where there was no established corporate environment for ethylene production and the facility was to be located at a green field site. The establishment and empowerment of the personnel organization would therefore, also be green field in nature. With the meager beginnings of but one employee, the project team was assembled; chartered to accomplish their assignment safely and proficiently. Thirty-three months later, the unit was safely put on line and has been operatingmore » without injury for over 2-1/2 years. The facility accomplished design level operations within four months of start-up and successfully completed its performance test run the following month. A real credit to the personnel. How has this been accomplished? A collective and individual, intense focus on safety. The paper describes how this was accomplished.« less

  20. 40 CFR 63.9911 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... your existing affected source; (2) By April 7, 2004 for a new source that has an initial startup date before October 10, 2003; or (3) Within 180 days after initial startup for a new source that has an initial startup date after October 10, 2003. (b) For each operation and maintenance requirement that...

  1. 40 CFR 63.9911 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... your existing affected source; (2) By April 7, 2004 for a new source that has an initial startup date before October 10, 2003; or (3) Within 180 days after initial startup for a new source that has an initial startup date after October 10, 2003. (b) For each operation and maintenance requirement that...

  2. 40 CFR 63.9911 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... your existing affected source; (2) By April 7, 2004 for a new source that has an initial startup date before October 10, 2003; or (3) Within 180 days after initial startup for a new source that has an initial startup date after October 10, 2003. (b) For each operation and maintenance requirement that...

  3. 40 CFR 63.9911 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... your existing affected source; (2) By April 7, 2004 for a new source that has an initial startup date before October 10, 2003; or (3) Within 180 days after initial startup for a new source that has an initial startup date after October 10, 2003. (b) For each operation and maintenance requirement that...

  4. 40 CFR 63.9911 - By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... your existing affected source; (2) By April 7, 2004 for a new source that has an initial startup date before October 10, 2003; or (3) Within 180 days after initial startup for a new source that has an initial startup date after October 10, 2003. (b) For each operation and maintenance requirement that...

  5. 40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your POTW treatment plant; (v) A... notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report; and... prior to beginning operation of your new or reconstructed POTW. You must also submit a startup, shutdown...

  6. 40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... will be used for determining continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your... this part, including a notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup... must also submit a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report. [64 FR 57579, Oct. 26, 1999, as amended...

  7. 40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... will be used for determining continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your... this part, including a notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup... must also submit a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report. [64 FR 57579, Oct. 26, 1999, as amended...

  8. 40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your POTW treatment plant; (v) A... notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report; and... prior to beginning operation of your new or reconstructed POTW. You must also submit a startup, shutdown...

  9. 40 CFR 63.1590 - What reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... will be used for determining continuing compliance; (iv) The type and quantity of HAP emitted by your... this part, including a notification of performance tests; a performance test report; a startup... must also submit a startup, shutdown, and malfunction report. [64 FR 57579, Oct. 26, 1999, as amended...

  10. JPRS Report, Soviet Union Economic Affairs

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-11-01

    Shatlykgazstroy [ Shatlyk Gas Construction] Trust and a group of Romanian construc- tion workers. A creative camaraderie was established between the...international collectives, and competition developed for the fastest start-up of the facilities. The Shatlyk gas-construction workers are successfully

  11. [From idea to standard care-a field report].

    PubMed

    Herberz, Chantal; Steidl, Ralph; Werner, Pascal; Hagen, Julia

    2018-03-01

    Digital health products and services have started to fundamentally change healthcare and prevention. Products intended for a medical use require CE-marking and potentially certification (ISO 13485) of the company. Startups play an important role in the development of new digital products and services. Two startups share their experience with these processes. Becoming a part of standard care and hence being reimbursed is a challenge for startups. For this reason, startups pursue alternative sources of income, too. The statutory health insurance's procedures for assessing new products and services are perceived as long. Startups are required to provide evidence of the benefit of their product at an early stage in the procedure. This requires time-consuming and costly studies. Startups would therefore appreciate support in generating this evidence, e. g. through adequate procedures for testing.

  12. Monitoring of reported sudden emission rate changes of major radioxenon emitters in the northern and southern hemispheres in 2008 to assess their contribution to the respective radioxenon backgrounds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saey, P. R. J.; Auer, M.; Becker, A.; Colmanet, S.; Hoffmann, E.; Nikkinen, M.; Schlosser, C.; Sonck, M.

    2009-04-01

    Atmospheric radioxenon monitoring is a key component of the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Radiopharmaceutical production facilities (RPF) have recently been identified of emitting the major part of the environmental radioxenon measured at globally distributed monitoring sites deployed to strengthen the radionuclide part of the CTBT verification regime. Efforts to raise a global radioxenon emission inventory revealed that the global total emission from RPF's is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the respective emissions related to maintenance of all nuclear power plants (NPP). Given that situation we have seen in 2008 two peculiar hemisphere-specific situations: 1) In the northern hemisphere, a joint shutdown of the global largest four radiopharmaceutical facilities revealed the contribution of the normally 'masked' NPP related emissions. Due to an incident, the Molybdenum production at the "Institut des Radioéléments" (IRE) in Fleurus, Belgium, was shut down between Monday 25 August and 2 December 2008. IRE is the third largest global producer of medical isotopes. In the same period, but for different reasons, the other three worldwide largest producers (CRL in Canada, HFR in The Netherlands and NTP in South Africa) also had scheduled and unscheduled shutdowns. The activity concentrations of 133Xe measured at the Schauinsland Mountain station near Freiburg in Germany (situated 380 km SW of Fleurus) which have a mean of 4.8 mBq/m3 for the period February 2004 - August 2008, went down to 0.87 mBq/m3 for the period September - November 2008. 2) In the southern hemisphere, after a long break, the only radiopharmaceutical facility in Australia started up test production in late November 2008. In the period before the start-up, the background of radioxenon in Australia (Melbourne and Darwin) was below measurable quantities. During six test runs of the renewed RPF at ANSTO in Lucas Heights, up to 6 mBq/m3 of 133Xe were measured in the station at Melbourne, 700 km SW from the facility. This paper confirms the hypothesis that radiopharmaceutical production facilities are the major emitters of radioxenon first of all. Moreover it demonstrates how the temporal shut down of these facilities indicates the scale of their contribution to the European radioxenon background, which decreased 6 fold. Finally we have studied the contribution of the start-up of a renewed RFP to the buildup of a radioxenon background across Australia and the southern hemisphere. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission or any of the participating institutions.

  13. SP-100 initial startup and restart control strategy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Halfen, Frank J.; Wong, Kwok K.; Switick, Dennis M.; Shukla, Jaikaran N.

    Startup control strategies for SP-100 are described. Revised control and operating strategies are discussed which have been developed and tested using the SP-100 dynamic simulation model Aries-GFS (Generic Flight System).

  14. Fast Flux Test Facility thermal and pressure transient events during Cycle 11

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ahrens, D. M.

    1992-03-01

    This report documents the thermal and pressure transients experienced by the Reactor Heat Transport System (RHTS) during Cycle 11 which included Cycles 11A, 11B-1, 11B-2 and 11C (i.e. 4 startups and 4 shutdowns). Cycle 11 consisted of a refueling period that began on March 14, 1989 and power operation which began on May 3, 1989 and ended on October 27, 1990. Transients resulted from secondary pump starts/stops while at refueling conditions. The major causes of transients at power were five unplanned reactor scrams from 100% power and problems with Loop 2 DHX Fan Controls During 11A.

  15. The physics of tokamak start-up

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mueller, D.

    Tokamak start-up on present-day devices usually relies on inductively induced voltage from a central solenoid. In some cases, inductive startup is assisted with auxiliary power from electron cyclotron radio frequency heating. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade and JT60, now under construction, will make use of the understanding gained from present-day devices to ensure successful start-up. Design of a spherical tokamak (ST) with DT capability for nuclear component testing would require an alternative to a central solenoid because the small central column in an ST has insufficient space to provide shielding for the insulators in themore » solenoid. Alternative start-up techniques such as induction using outer poloidal field coils, electron Bernstein wave start-up, coaxial helicity injection, and point source helicity injection have been used with success, but require demonstration of scaling to higher plasma current.« less

  16. A 10-MWe solar-thermal central-receiver pilot plant: Solar facilities design integration. Plant operating/training manual (RADL-Item 2-36)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1982-07-01

    Plant and system level operating instructions are provided for the Barstow Solar Pilot Plant. Individual status instructions are given that identify plant conditions, process controller responsibilities, process conditions and control accuracies, operating envelopes, and operator cautions appropriate to the operating condition. Transition operating instructions identify the sequence of activities to be carried out to accomplish the indicated transition. Most transitions involve the startup or shutdown of an individual flowpath. Background information is provided on collector field operations, and the heliostat groupings and specific commands used in support receiver startup are defined.

  17. 40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must comply with... times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance Requirements ...

  18. 40 CFR 52.1770 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Particulates from Mica or Feldspar Processing Plants 04/01/03 09/17/03, 68 FR 54362 Sect .0510 Particulates..., approving Paragraph (g) excluding the following language: “excluding startups, shutdowns, maintenance... facilities producing ethanol by natural fermentation under the North American Industry Classification System...

  19. 40 CFR 52.1770 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... .0509 Particulates from Mica or Feldspar Processing Plants 04/01/03 09/17/03, 68 FR 54362 Sect .0510... Paragraph (g). Also, approving Paragraph (g) excluding the following language: “excluding startups... production facilities producing ethanol by natural fermentation under the North American Industry...

  20. 40 CFR 52.1770 - Identification of plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Particulates from Mica or Feldspar Processing Plants 04/01/03 09/17/03, 68 FR 54362 Sect .0510 Particulates..., approving Paragraph (g) excluding the following language: “excluding startups, shutdowns, maintenance... facilities producing ethanol by natural fermentation under the North American Industry Classification System...

  1. Foil Bearing Coating Behavior in CO 2

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Walker, Matthew; Kruizenga, Alan Michael; Pasch, James Jay

    2017-08-01

    The Sandia S-CO 2 Recompression Closed Brayton Cycle (RCBC) utilizes a series of gas foil bearings in its turbine-alternator-compressors. At high shaft rotational speed these bearings allow the shaft to ride on a cushion of air. Conversely, during startup and shutdown, the shaft rides along the foil bearing surface. Low-friction coatings are used on bearing surfaces in order to facilitate rotation during these periods. An experimental program was initiated to elucidate the behavior of coated bearing foils in the harsh environments of this system. A test configuration was developed enabling long duration exposure tests, followed by a range of analysesmore » relevant to their performance in a bearing. This report provides a detailed overview of this work. The results contained herein provide valuable information in selecting appropriate coatings for more advanced future bearing-rig tests at the newly established test facility in Sandia-NM.« less

  2. Startup of air-cooled condensers and dry cooling towers at low temperatures of the cooling air

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Milman, O. O.; Ptakhin, A. V.; Kondratev, A. V.; Shifrin, B. A.; Yankov, G. G.

    2016-05-01

    The problems of startup and performance of air-cooled condensers (ACC) and dry cooling towers (DCT) at low cooling air temperatures are considered. Effects of the startup of the ACC at sub-zero temperatures are described. Different options of the ACC heating up are analyzed, and examples of existing technologies are presented (electric heating, heating up with hot air or steam, and internal and external heating). The use of additional heat exchanging sections, steam tracers, in the DCT design is described. The need for high power in cases of electric heating and heating up with hot air is noted. An experimental stand for research and testing of the ACC startup at low temperatures is described. The design of the three-pass ACC unit is given, and its advantages over classical single-pass design at low temperatures are listed. The formation of ice plugs inside the heat exchanging tubes during the start-up of ACC and DCT at low cooling air temperatures is analyzed. Experimental data on the effect of the steam flow rate, steam nozzle distance from the heat-exchange surface, and their orientation in space on the metal temperature were collected, and test results are analyzed. It is noted that the surface temperature at the end of the heat up is almost independent from its initial temperature. Recommendations for the safe start-up of ACCs and DCTs are given. The heating flow necessary to sufficiently heat up heat-exchange surfaces of ACCs and DCTs for the safe startup is estimated. The technology and the process of the heat up of the ACC with the heating steam external supply are described by the example of the startup of the full-scale section of the ACC at sub-zero temperatures of the cooling air, and the advantages of the proposed start-up technology are confirmed.

  3. Fact Sheet: Proposed Rule: State Plans to Address Emissions During Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction (SSM)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    On February 12, 2013, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a rule that would ensure states have plans in place that require industrial facilities across the country to follow air pollution rules during SSM operations.

  4. Fact Sheet: Supplemental Proposal: State Plans to Address Emissions during Startup, Shutdown and Malfunction (SSM)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    On September 5, 2014, EPA proposed a rule supplementing and revising its February 2013 proposal to ensure states have plans in place that require industrial facilities across the country to follow air pollution rules during SSM operations.

  5. 40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... limitations which apply to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must... emissions at all times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance...

  6. 40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... limitations which apply to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must... emissions at all times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance...

  7. 40 CFR 63.6105 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... limitations which apply to you at all times except during startup, shutdown, and malfunctions. (b) If you must... emissions at all times including during startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Testing and Initial Compliance...

  8. Plum Brook Reactor Facility Control Room during Facility Startup

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1961-02-21

    Operators test the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Plum Brook Reactor Facility systems in the months leading up to its actual operation. The “Reactor On” signs are illuminated but the reactor core was not yet ready for chain reactions. Just a couple weeks after this photograph, Plum Brook Station held a media open house to unveil the 60-megawatt test reactor near Sandusky, Ohio. More than 60 members of the print media and radio and television news services met at the site to talk with community leaders and representatives from NASA and Atomic Energy Commission. The Plum Brook reactor went critical for the first time on the evening of June 14, 1961. It was not until April 1963 that the reactor reached its full potential of 60 megawatts. The reactor control room, located on the second floor of the facility, was run by licensed operators. The operators manually operated the shim rods which adjusted the chain reaction in the reactor core. The regulating rods could partially or completely shut down the reactor. The control room also housed remote area monitoring panels and other monitoring equipment that allowed operators to monitor radiation sensors located throughout the facility and to scram the reactor instantly if necessary. The color of the indicator lights corresponded with the elevation of the detectors in the various buildings. The reactor could also shut itself down automatically if the monitors detected any sudden irregularities.

  9. Dioxins from medical waste incineration: Normal operation and transient conditions.

    PubMed

    Chen, Tong; Zhan, Ming-xiu; Yan, Mi; Fu, Jian-ying; Lu, Sheng-yong; Li, Xiao-dong; Yan, Jian-hua; Buekens, Alfons

    2015-07-01

    Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are key pollutants in waste incineration. At present, incinerator managers and official supervisors focus only on emissions evolving during steady-state operation. Yet, these emissions may considerably be raised during periods of poor combustion, plant shutdown, and especially when starting-up from cold. Until now there were no data on transient emissions from medical (or hospital) waste incineration (MWI). However, MWI is reputed to engender higher emissions than those from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). The emission levels in this study recorded for shutdown and start-up, however, were significantly higher: 483 ± 184 ng Nm(-3) (1.47 ± 0.17 ng I-TEQ Nm(-3)) for shutdown and 735 ng Nm(-3) (7.73 ng I-TEQ Nm(-3)) for start-up conditions, respectively. Thus, the average (I-TEQ) concentration during shutdown is 2.6 (3.8) times higher than the average concentration during normal operation, and the average (I-TEQ) concentration during start-up is 4.0 (almost 20) times higher. So monitoring should cover the entire incineration cycle, including start-up, operation and shutdown, rather than optimised operation only. This suggestion is important for medical waste incinerators, as these facilities frequently start up and shut down, because of their small size, or of lacking waste supply. Forthcoming operation should shift towards much longer operating cycles, i.e., a single weekly start-up and shutdown. © The Author(s) 2015.

  10. Cold startup and low temperature performance of the Brayton cycle electrical subsystem

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vrancik, J. E.; Bainbridge, R. C.

    1971-01-01

    Cold performance tests and startup tests were conducted on the Brayton-cycle inverter, motor-driven pump, dc supply, speed control with parasitic load resistor and the Brayton control system. These tests were performed with the components in a vacuum and mounted on coldplates. A temperature range of ?25 to -50 C was used for the tests. No failures occurred, and component performance gave no indication that there would be any problem with the safe operation of the Brayton power generating system.

  11. Start-Up of an Anaerobic Dynamic Membrane Digester for Waste Activated Sludge Digestion: Temporal Variations in Microbial Communities

    PubMed Central

    Yu, Hongguang; Wang, Qiaoying; Wang, Zhiwei; Sahinkaya, Erkan; Li, Yongli; Ma, Jinxing; Wu, Zhichao

    2014-01-01

    An anaerobic dynamic membrane digester (ADMD) was developed to digest waste sludge, and pyrosequencing was used to analyze the variations of the bacterial and archaeal communities during the start-up. Results showed that bacterial community richness decreased and then increased over time, while bacterial diversity remained almost the same during the start-up. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major phyla. At the class level, Betaproteobacteria was the most abundant at the end of start-up, followed by Sphingobacteria. In the archaeal community, richness and diversity peaked at the end of the start-up stage. Principle component and cluster analyses demonstrated that archaeal consortia experienced a distinct shift and became stable after day 38. Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales were the two predominant orders. Further investigations indicated that Methanolinea and Methanosaeta were responsible for methane production in the ADMD system. Hydrogenotrophic pathways might prevail over acetoclastic means for methanogenesis during the start-up, supported by specific methanogenic activity tests. PMID:24695488

  12. Hollow cathode restartable 15 cm diameter ion thruster

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilbur, P. J.

    1973-01-01

    The effects of substituting high perveance dished grids for low perveance flat ones on performance variables and plasma properties within a 15 cm modified SERT II thruster are discussed. Results suggest good performance may be achieved as an ion thruster is throttled if the screen grid transparency is decreased with propellant flow rate. Thruster startup tests, which employ a pulsed high voltage tickler electrode between the keeper and the cathode to initiate the discharge, are described. High startup reliability at cathode tip temperatures of about 500 C without excessive component wear over 2000 startup cycles is demonstrated. Testing of a single cusp magnetic field concept of discharge plasma containment is discussed. A theory which explains the observed behavior of the device is presented and proposed thruster modifications and future testing plans are discussed.

  13. Review of the TREAT Conversion Conceptual Design and Fuel Qualification Plan

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Diamond, David

    The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is preparing to re establish the capability to conduct transient testing of nuclear fuels at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) facility. The original TREAT core went critical in February 1959 and operated for more than 6,000 reactor startups before plant operations were suspended in 1994. DOE is now planning to restart the reactor using the plant's original high-enriched uranium (HEU) fuel. At the same time, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Office of Material Management and Minimization Reactor Conversion Program is supporting analyses and fuel fabrication studies that will allowmore » for reactor conversion to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel (i.e., fuel with less than 20% by weight 235U content) after plant restart. The TREAT Conversion Program's objectives are to perform the design work necessary to generate an LEU replacement core, to restore the capability to fabricate TREAT fuel element assemblies, and to implement the physical and operational changes required to convert the TREAT facility to use LEU fuel.« less

  14. Utilizing LEAF to increase biomass feedstock supplies from agricultural land

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The start-up of three full-scale corn stover bioenergy conversion facilities in 2014 will require a substantial increase in sustainable biomass feedstock. Supplying crop residues without having a negative impact on ecosystem services is indeed a “grand challenge” associated with sustainable food and...

  15. The Building Commissioning Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Heinz, John A.; Casault, Rick

    This book discusses building commissioning, which is the process of certifying that a new facility meets the required specifications. As buildings have become more complex, the traditional methods for building start-up and final acceptance have been proven inadequate, and building commissioning has been developed, which often necessitates the use…

  16. Neutron Source Facility Training Simulator Based on EPICS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Park, Young Soo; Wei, Thomas Y.; Vilim, Richard B.

    A plant operator training simulator is developed for training the plant operators as well as for design verification of plant control system (PCS) and plant protection system (PPS) for the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology Neutron Source Facility. The simulator provides the operator interface for the whole plant including the sub-critical assembly coolant loop, target coolant loop, secondary coolant loop, and other facility systems. The operator interface is implemented based on Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), which is a comprehensive software development platform for distributed control systems. Since its development at Argonne National Laboratory, it has beenmore » widely adopted in the experimental physics community, e.g. for control of accelerator facilities. This work is the first implementation for a nuclear facility. The main parts of the operator interface are the plant control panel and plant protection panel. The development involved implementation of process variable database, sequence logic, and graphical user interface (GUI) for the PCS and PPS utilizing EPICS and related software tools, e.g. sequencer for sequence logic, and control system studio (CSS-BOY) for graphical use interface. For functional verification of the PCS and PPS, a plant model is interfaced, which is a physics-based model of the facility coolant loops implemented as a numerical computer code. The training simulator is tested and demonstrated its effectiveness in various plant operation sequences, e.g. start-up, shut-down, maintenance, and refueling. It was also tested for verification of the plant protection system under various trip conditions.« less

  17. ARM Operations and Engineering Procedure Mobile Facility Site Startup

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Voyles, Jimmy W

    2015-05-01

    This procedure exists to define the key milestones, necessary steps, and process rules required to commission and operate an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF), with a specific focus toward on-time product delivery to the ARM Data Archive. The overall objective is to have the physical infrastructure, networking and communications, and instrument calibration, grooming, and alignment (CG&A) completed with data products available from the ARM Data Archive by the Operational Start Date milestone.

  18. Assessment of predictive capabilities for aerodynamic heating in hypersonic flow

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Knight, Doyle; Chazot, Olivier; Austin, Joanna; Badr, Mohammad Ali; Candler, Graham; Celik, Bayram; Rosa, Donato de; Donelli, Raffaele; Komives, Jeffrey; Lani, Andrea; Levin, Deborah; Nompelis, Ioannis; Panesi, Marco; Pezzella, Giuseppe; Reimann, Bodo; Tumuklu, Ozgur; Yuceil, Kemal

    2017-04-01

    The capability for CFD prediction of hypersonic shock wave laminar boundary layer interaction was assessed for a double wedge model at Mach 7.1 in air and nitrogen at 2.1 MJ/kg and 8 MJ/kg. Simulations were performed by seven research organizations encompassing both Navier-Stokes and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods as part of the NATO STO AVT Task Group 205 activity. Comparison of the CFD simulations with experimental heat transfer and schlieren visualization suggest the need for accurate modeling of the tunnel startup process in short-duration hypersonic test facilities, and the importance of fully 3-D simulations of nominally 2-D (i.e., non-axisymmmetric) experimental geometries.

  19. Simulation of a Start-Up Manufacturing Facility for Nanopore Arrays

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Field, Dennis W.

    2009-01-01

    Simulation is a powerful tool in developing and troubleshooting manufacturing processes, particularly when considering process flows for manufacturing systems that do not yet exist. Simulation can bridge the gap in terms of setting up full-scale manufacturing for nanotechnology products if limited production experience is an issue. An effective…

  20. Factors Influencing Pursuit and Satisfaction of Academic Dentistry Careers: Perceptions of New Dental Educators.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Shepherd, Kathi R.; Nihill, Patricia; Botto, Ronald W.; McCarthy, Melanie W.

    2001-01-01

    Surveyed new dental educators about their perceptions regarding salary, work environment, and workload to determine these factors' impact on recruitment and retention. Found that work environment was most important. Several other factors, such as educational resources, facilities, salary, benefits, mentoring, startup funds for research, and…

  1. 40 CFR 62.15120 - What information must I include in the plant-specific operating manual?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... startup, shutdown, and malfunction of the municipal waste combustion unit. (e) Procedures for maintaining... DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Federal Plan Requirements for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units... the basic combustion principles that apply to municipal waste combustion units. (c) Procedures for...

  2. 7 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - Alcohol Production Facilities Planning, Performing, Development and Project Control

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... impacts. (2) Applicable engineering, design/build, construction management, inspection and plant start-up... imposed by construction, equipment, material or service contracts, penalty payments, damage claims, awards... consultants with suitable experience, training and professional competence in the design and construction of...

  3. 7 CFR Appendix D to Subpart E of... - Alcohol Production Facilities Planning, Performing, Development and Project Control

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... impacts. (2) Applicable engineering, design/build, construction management, inspection and plant start-up... imposed by construction, equipment, material or service contracts, penalty payments, damage claims, awards... consultants with suitable experience, training and professional competence in the design and construction of...

  4. The Physics of Tokamak Start-up

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    D. Mueller

    Tokamak start-up on present-day devices usually relies on inductively induced voltage from a central solenoid. In some cases inductive startup is assisted with auxiliary power from electron cyclotron radio frequency heating. ITER, the National Spherical Torus eXperiment Upgrade and JT60, now under construction, will make use of the understanding gained from present-day devices to ensure successful start-up. Design of a spherical tokamak (ST) with DT capability for nuclear component testing would require an alternative to a central solenoid because the small central column in an ST has insufficient space to provide shielding for the insulators in the solenoid. Alternative start-upmore » techniques such as induction using outer poloidal field coils, electron Bernstein wave start-up, coaxial helicity injection and point source helicity injection have been used with success, but require demonstration of scaling to higher plasma current.« less

  5. COBRA-WC pretest predictions and post-test analysis of the FOTA temperature distribution during FFTF natural-circulation transients

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khan, E.U.; George, T.L.; Rector, D.R.

    The natural circulation tests of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) demonstrated a safe and stable transition from forced convection to natural convection and showed that natural convection may adequately remove decay heat from the reactor core. The COBRA-WC computer code was developed by the Pacific Northwest laboratory (PNL) to account for buoyancy-induced coolant flow redistribution and interassembly heat transfer, effects that become important in mitigating temperature gradients and reducing reactor core temperatures when coolant flow rate in the core is low. This report presents work sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) with the objective of checking themore » validity of COBRA-WC during the first 220 seconds (sec) of the FFTF natural-circulation (plant-startup) tests using recorded data from two instrumented Fuel Open Test Assemblies (FOTAs). Comparison of COBRA-WC predictions of the FOTA data is a part of the final confirmation of the COBRA-WC methodology for core natural-convection analysis.« less

  6. Spent nuclear fuel project cold vacuum drying facility operations manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    IRWIN, J.J.

    This document provides the Operations Manual for the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility (CVDF). The Manual was developed in conjunction with HNF-SD-SNF-SAR-002, Safety Analysis Report for the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility, Phase 2, Supporting Installation of Processing Systems (Garvin 1998) and, the HNF-SD-SNF-DRD-002, 1997, Cold Vacuum Drying Facility Design Requirements, Rev. 3a. The Operations Manual contains general descriptions of all the process, safety and facility systems in the CVDF, a general CVD operations sequence, and has been developed for the SNFP Operations Organization and shall be updated, expanded, and revised in accordance with future design, construction and startup phases of themore » CVDF until the CVDF final ORR is approved.« less

  7. Experimental Investigation of Natural-Circulation Flow Behavior Under Low-Power/Low-Pressure Conditions in the Large-Scale PANDA Facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Auban, Olivier; Paladino, Domenico; Zboray, Robert

    2004-12-15

    Twenty-five tests have been carried out in the large-scale thermal-hydraulic facility PANDA to investigate natural-circulation and stability behavior under low-pressure/low-power conditions, when void flashing might play an important role. This work, which extends the current experimental database to a large geometric scale, is of interest notably with regard to the start-up procedures in natural-circulation-cooled boiling water reactors. It should help the understanding of the physical phenomena that may cause flow instability in such conditions and can be used for validation of thermal-hydraulics system codes. The tests were performed at a constant power, balanced by a specific condenser heat removal capacity.more » The test matrix allowed the reactor pressure vessel power and pressure to be varied, as well as other parameters influencing the natural-circulation flow. The power spectra of flow oscillations showed in a few tests a major and unique resonance peak, and decay ratios between 0.5 and 0.9 have been found. The remainder of the tests showed an even more pronounced stable behavior. A classification of the tests is presented according to the circulation modes (from single-phase to two-phase flow) that could be assumed and particularly to the importance and the localization of the flashing phenomenon.« less

  8. 40 CFR 63.7555 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) Records of performance tests, fuel analyses... the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period... monthly fuel use by each boiler or process heater, including the type(s) of fuel and amount(s) used. (2...

  9. 40 CFR 63.7555 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) Records of performance tests, fuel analyses... the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period... monthly fuel use by each boiler or process heater, including the type(s) of fuel and amount(s) used. (2...

  10. 40 CFR 63.7555 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (v) related to startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (3) Records of performance tests, fuel analyses... the deviation occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction or during another period... monthly fuel use by each boiler or process heater, including the type(s) of fuel and amount(s) used. (2...

  11. Electrical start-up for diesel fuel processing in a fuel-cell-based auxiliary power unit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Samsun, Remzi Can; Krupp, Carsten; Tschauder, Andreas; Peters, Ralf; Stolten, Detlef

    2016-01-01

    As auxiliary power units in trucks and aircraft, fuel cell systems with a diesel and kerosene reforming capacity offer the dual benefit of reduced emissions and fuel consumption. In order to be commercially viable, these systems require a quick start-up time with low energy input. In pursuit of this end, this paper reports an electrical start-up strategy for diesel fuel processing. A transient computational fluid dynamics model is developed to optimize the start-up procedure of the fuel processor in the 28 kWth power class. The temperature trend observed in the experiments is reproducible to a high degree of accuracy using a dual-cell approach in ANSYS Fluent. Starting from a basic strategy, different options are considered for accelerating system start-up. The start-up time is reduced from 22 min in the basic case to 9.5 min, at an energy consumption of 0.4 kW h. Furthermore, an electrical wire is installed in the reformer to test the steam generation during start-up. The experimental results reveal that the generation of steam at 450 °C is possible within seconds after water addition to the reformer. As a result, the fuel processor can be started in autothermal reformer mode using the electrical concept developed in this work.

  12. 40 CFR 63.11411 - What General Provisions apply to this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ....11410(i).” (3) The process rate for each emissions source subject to an emissions limit in § 63.11409(b... provisions in 40 CFR 63.6(e)(3): “This facility has prepared a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan in accordance with 40 CFR 63.6(e)(3)”. ...

  13. 40 CFR 60.662 - Standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, or 180 days after the initial start-up, whichever date comes first. Each owner or operator shall either: (a) Reduce emissions of TOC (less methane and ethane) by 98 weight-percent, or to a TOC (less methane and ethane) concentration of 20 ppmv, on a...

  14. 7 CFR 4280.16 - REDL and REDG Loan terms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false REDL and REDG Loan terms. 4280.16 Section 4280.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE AND... up to 2 years for Projects involving a Start-Up venture or a Community Facilities Project whether or...

  15. Charter Starters Leadership Training Workbook 1: Start-Up Logistics.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ley, Joyce

    This workbook is the first in a series devoted to all areas of charter-school development. It addresses the logistics of starting a school, such as drafting a charter, creating a vision and mission, accessing expert information, navigating the application process, acquiring a facility, establishing a legal entity, and contracting for services. The…

  16. 40 CFR 61.96 - Applications to construct or modify.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applications to construct or modify. 61... Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.96 Applications to...) An application for approval under § 61.07 or notification of startup under § 61.09 does not need to...

  17. 40 CFR 61.96 - Applications to construct or modify.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applications to construct or modify. 61... Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.96 Applications to...) An application for approval under § 61.07 or notification of startup under § 61.09 does not need to...

  18. 40 CFR 61.96 - Applications to construct or modify.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applications to construct or modify. 61... Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.96 Applications to...) An application for approval under § 61.07 or notification of startup under § 61.09 does not need to...

  19. 40 CFR 61.96 - Applications to construct or modify.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applications to construct or modify. 61... Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.96 Applications to...) An application for approval under § 61.07 or notification of startup under § 61.09 does not need to...

  20. 40 CFR 61.96 - Applications to construct or modify.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applications to construct or modify. 61... Emissions of Radionuclides Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.96 Applications to...) An application for approval under § 61.07 or notification of startup under § 61.09 does not need to...

  1. A cyclic ground test of an ion auxiliary propulsion system: Description and operational considerations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ling, Jerri S.; Kramer, Edward H.

    1988-01-01

    The Ion Auxiliary Propulsion System (IAPS) experiment is designed for launch on an Air Force Space Test Program satellite (NASA-TM-78859; AIAA Paper No. 78-647). The primary objective of the experiment is to flight qualify the 8 cm mercury ion thruster system for stationkeeping applications. Secondary objectives are measuring the interactions between operating ion thruster systems and host spacecraft, and confirming the design performance of the thruster systems. Two complete 8 cm mercury ion thruster subsystems will be flown. One of these will be operated for 2557 on and off cycles and 7057 hours at full thrust. Tests are currently under way in support of the IAPS flight experiment. In this test an IAPS thruster is being operated through a series of startup/run/shut-down cycles which simulate thruster operation during the planned flight experiment. A test facility description and operational considerations of this testing using an engineering model 8 cm thruster (S/N 905) is the subject of this paper. Final results will be published at a later date when the ground test has been concluded.

  2. Startup Hopefuls Test Their Ideas with Educators

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tomassini, Jason

    2012-01-01

    "Educator day" is one of the most important and nerve-racking for the people taking part in Imagine K12, the biggest incubator program in the United States specifically for education technology startups. Many entrepreneurs in K-12 believe technology can solve education's problems, but don't work to understand those problems before prescribing…

  3. Natural gas the new locomotive fuel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tuskey, L.W.

    1984-01-01

    This is a report on modification of a locomotive diesel engine to a dual-fuel engine to determine if the dual fuel engine in railway service will provide high performance, lower fuel and maintenance costs. After the locomotive was modified and the new governor and linkage were installed by General Motors at the BN's Northtown Diesel Shop near Minneapolis, the locomotive went through startup procedures. General Motors participated in startup. Some calibration, adjustments and minor piping changes were required but in general the problems encountered in startups were quite insignificant. The locomotive was connected to the load box (static test) duringmore » startup and at 720 RPM exceeded the required output for this test as established by the parties. Operation on straight oil over the range from idle through No. 8 throttle notch and on dual fuel from No. 5 through No. 8 throttle notch was smooth as was the transfer from oil to gas and from gas to oil. The engine exhaust on straight oil was almost clear but on gas it was totally clear. 16 references, 3 figures, 4 tables.« less

  4. Simulation of Cold Flow in a Truncated Ideal Nozzle with Film Cooling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Braman, K. E.; Ruf, J. H.

    2015-01-01

    Flow transients during rocket start-up and shut-down can lead to significant side loads on rocket nozzles. The capability to estimate these side loads computationally can streamline the nozzle design process. Towards this goal, the flow in a truncated ideal contour (TIC) nozzle has been simulated using RANS and URANS for a range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) aimed to match a series of cold flow experiments performed at the NASA MSFC Nozzle Test Facility. These simulations were performed with varying turbulence model choices and for four approximations of the supersonic film injection geometry, each of which was created with a different simplification of the test article geometry. The results show that although a reasonable match to experiment can be obtained with varying levels of geometric fidelity, the modeling choices made do not fully represent the physics of flow separation in a TIC nozzle with film cooling.

  5. The CABRI fast neutron Hodoscope: Renovation, qualification program and first results following the experimental reactor restart

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chevalier, V.; Mirotta, S.; Guillot, J.; Biard, B.

    2018-01-01

    The CABRI experimental pulse reactor, located at the Cadarache nuclear research center, southern France, is devoted to the study of Reactivity Initiated Accidents (RIA). For the purpose of the CABRI International Program (CIP), managed and funded by IRSN, in the framework of an OECD/NEA agreement, a huge renovation of the facility has been conducted since 2003. The Cabri Water Loop was then installed to ensure prototypical Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) conditions for testing irradiated fuel rods. The hodoscope installed in the CABRI reactor is a unique online fuel motion monitoring system, operated by IRSN and dedicated to the measurement of the fast neutrons emitted by the tested rod during the power pulse. It is one of the distinctive features of the CABRI reactor facility, which is operated by CEA. The system is able to determine the fuel motion, if any, with a time resolution of 1 ms and a spatial resolution of 3 mm. The hodoscope equipment has been upgraded as well during the CABRI facility renovation. This paper presents the main outcomes achieved with the hodoscope since October 2015, date of the first criticality of the CABRI reactor in its new Cabri Water Loop configuration. Results obtained during reactor commissioning phase functioning, either in steady-state mode (at low and high power, up to 23 MW) or in transient mode (start-up, possibly beyond 20 GW), are discussed.

  6. Manual wheelchair propulsion patterns on natural surfaces during start-up propulsion.

    PubMed

    Koontz, Alicia M; Roche, Bailey M; Collinger, Jennifer L; Cooper, Rory A; Boninger, Michael L

    2009-11-01

    To classify propulsion patterns over surfaces encountered in the natural environment during start-up and compare selected biomechanical variables between pattern types. Case series. National Veterans Wheelchair Games, Minneapolis, MN, 2005. Manual wheelchair users (N=29). Subjects pushed their wheelchairs from a resting position over high-pile carpet, over linoleum, and up a ramp with a 5 degrees incline while propulsion kinematics and kinetics were recorded with a motion capture system and an instrumented wheel. Three raters classified the first 3 strokes as 1 of 4 types on each surface: arc, semicircular (SC), single looping over propulsion (SL), and double looping over propulsion (DL). The Fisher exact test was used to assess pattern changes between strokes and surface type. A multiple analysis of variance test was used to compare peak and average resultant force and moment about the hub, average wheel velocity, stroke frequency, contact angle, and distance traveled between stroke patterns. SL was the most common pattern used during start-up propulsion (44.9%), followed by arc (35.9%), DL (14.1%), and SC (5.1%). Subjects who dropped their hands below the rim during recovery achieved faster velocities and covered greater distances (.016< or =P< or =.075) during start-up on linoleum and carpet and applied more force during start-up on the ramp compared with those who used an arc pattern (P=.066). Classifying propulsion patterns is a difficult task that should use multiple raters. In addition, propulsion patterns change during start-up, with an arc pattern most prevalent initially. The biomechanical findings in this study agree with current clinical guidelines that recommend training users to drop the hand below the pushrim during recovery.

  7. University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Anaerobic Dry Digestion Facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Koker, John; Lizotte, Michael

    The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Anaerobic Dry Digestion Facility is a demonstration project that supported the first commercial-scale use in the United States of high solids, static pile technology for anaerobic digestion of organic waste to generate biogas for use in generating electricity and heat. The research adds to the understanding of startup, operation and supply chain issues for anaerobic digester technology. Issues and performance were documented for equipment installation and modifications, feedstock availability and quality, weekly loading and unloading of digestion chambers, chemical composition of biogas produced, and energy production. This facility also demonstrated an urban industrial ecology approachmore » to siting such facilities near sewage treatment plants (to capture and use excess biogas generated by the plants) and organic yard waste collection sites (a source of feedstock).« less

  8. A Guide for Developing Standard Operating Job Procedures for the Tertiary Chemical Treatment - Lime Precipitation Process Wastewater Treatment Facility. SOJP No. 6.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Petrasek, Al, Jr.

    This guide describes the standard operating job procedures for the tertiary chemical treatment - lime precipitation process of wastewater treatment plants. Step-by-step instructions are given for pre-start up, start-up, continuous operation, and shut-down procedures. In addition, some theoretical material is presented along with some relevant…

  9. A Guide for Developing Standard Operating Job Procedures for the Grit Removal Process Wastewater Treatment Facility. SOJP No. 2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Deal, Gerald A.; Montgomery, James A.

    This guide describes standard operating job procedures for the grit removal process of wastewater treatment plants. Step-by-step instructions are given for pre-start up inspection, start-up, continuous operation, and shut-down procedures. A description of the equipment used in the process is given. Some theoretical material is presented. (BB)

  10. A Guide for Developing Standard Operating Job Procedures for the Tertiary Multimedia Filtration Process Wastewater Treatment Facility. SOJP No. 7.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Petrasek, Al, Jr.

    This guide describes the standard operating job procedures for the tertiary multimedia filtration process of wastewater treatment plants. The major objective of the filtration process is the removal of suspended solids from the reclaimed wastewater. The guide gives step-by-step instructions for pre-start up, start-up, continuous operation, and…

  11. Do/Will You Remember? Taking a Child Care Program's Past into the Future.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ranck, Edna Runnels

    1995-01-01

    Gives basic information about establishing an archive in a limited amount of space and accommodating some special materials. Discusses why a day care center or similar facility should bother to keep such records. Outlines start-up and maintenance tasks and includes a useful table of types of archival documents and artifacts in child care centers.…

  12. First LNG from North field overcomes feed, start-up problems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Redha, A.; Rahman, A.; Al-Thani, N.H.

    Qatar Gas LNG is the first LNG project in the gas-development program of the world`s largest gas reservoir, North field. The LNG plant was completed within the budget and schedule. The paper discusses the LNG plant design, LNG storage and loading, alternative mercaptan removal, layout modification, information and control systems, training, data management systems, start-up, and performance testing.

  13. 40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart T of... - Test of Solvent Cleaning Procedures

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Startup, shutdown, off D. None of the above ___ 5. When can parts or parts baskets be removed from the... that solvent drains from them freely. ___ 7. During startup, what must be turned on first, the primary... container C. Store in a bucket D. A or B ___ 11. What types of materials are prohibited from being cleaned...

  14. 40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart T of... - Test of Solvent Cleaning Procedures

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Startup, shutdown, off D. None of the above ___ 5. When can parts or parts baskets be removed from the... that solvent drains from them freely. ___ 7. During startup, what must be turned on first, the primary... container C. Store in a bucket D. A or B ___ 11. What types of materials are prohibited from being cleaned...

  15. Wind-turbine-performance assessment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vachon, W. A.

    1982-06-01

    An updated summary of recent test data and experiences is reported from both federally and privately funded large wind turbine (WT) development and test programs, and from key WT programs in Europe. Progress and experiences on both the cluster of three MOD-2 2.5-MW WT's, the MOD-1 2-MW WT, and other WT installations are described. An examination of recent test experiences and plans from approximately five privately funded large WT programs in the United States indicates that, during machine checkout and startup, technical problems are identified, which require and startup, a number of technical problems are identified, which will require design changes and create program delays.

  16. Flight Testing of the Capillary Pumped Loop 3 Experiment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ottenstein, Laura; Butler, Dan; Ku, Jentung; Cheung, Kwok; Baldauff, Robert; Hoang, Triem

    2002-01-01

    The Capillary Pumped Loop 3 (CAPL 3) experiment was a multiple evaporator capillary pumped loop experiment that flew in the Space Shuttle payload bay in December 2001 (STS-108). The main objective of CAPL 3 was to demonstrate in micro-gravity a multiple evaporator capillary pumped loop system, capable of reliable start-up, reliable continuous operation, and heat load sharing, with hardware for a deployable radiator. Tests performed on orbit included start-ups, power cycles, low power tests (100 W total), high power tests (up to 1447 W total), heat load sharing, variable/fixed conductance transition tests, and saturation temperature change tests. The majority of the tests were completed successfully, although the experiment did exhibit an unexpected sensitivity to shuttle maneuvers. This paper describes the experiment, the tests performed during the mission, and the test results.

  17. A High-Throughput Biological Calorimetry Core: Steps to Startup, Run, and Maintain a Multiuser Facility.

    PubMed

    Yennawar, Neela H; Fecko, Julia A; Showalter, Scott A; Bevilacqua, Philip C

    2016-01-01

    Many labs have conventional calorimeters where denaturation and binding experiments are setup and run one at a time. While these systems are highly informative to biopolymer folding and ligand interaction, they require considerable manual intervention for cleaning and setup. As such, the throughput for such setups is limited typically to a few runs a day. With a large number of experimental parameters to explore including different buffers, macromolecule concentrations, temperatures, ligands, mutants, controls, replicates, and instrument tests, the need for high-throughput automated calorimeters is on the rise. Lower sample volume requirements and reduced user intervention time compared to the manual instruments have improved turnover of calorimetry experiments in a high-throughput format where 25 or more runs can be conducted per day. The cost and efforts to maintain high-throughput equipment typically demands that these instruments be housed in a multiuser core facility. We describe here the steps taken to successfully start and run an automated biological calorimetry facility at Pennsylvania State University. Scientists from various departments at Penn State including Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bioengineering, Biology, Food Science, and Chemical Engineering are benefiting from this core facility. Samples studied include proteins, nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, synthetic polymers, small molecules, natural products, and virus capsids. This facility has led to higher throughput of data, which has been leveraged into grant support, attracting new faculty hire and has led to some exciting publications. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  18. Successful hydraulic strategies to start up OLAND sequencing batch reactors at lab scale.

    PubMed

    Schaubroeck, Thomas; Bagchi, Samik; De Clippeleir, Haydée; Carballa, Marta; Verstraete, Willy; Vlaeminck, Siegfried E

    2012-05-01

    Oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification/denitrification (OLAND) is a one-stage combination of partial nitritation and anammox, which can have a challenging process start-up. In this study, start-up strategies were tested for sequencing batch reactors (SBR), varying hydraulic parameters, i.e. volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and feeding regime, and salinity. Two sequential tests with two parallel SBR were performed, and stable removal rates > 0.4 g N l(-1) day(-1) with minimal nitrite and nitrate accumulation were considered a successful start-up. SBR A and B were operated at 50% VER with 3 g NaCl l(-1) in the influent, and the influent was fed over 8% and 82% of the cycle time respectively. SBR B started up in 24 days, but SBR A achieved no start-up in 39 days. SBR C and D were fed over 65% of the cycle time at 25% VER, and salt was added only to the influent of SBR D (5 g NaCl l(-1)). Start-up of both SBR C and D was successful in 9 and 32 days respectively. Reactor D developed a higher proportion of small aggregates (0.10-0.25 mm), with a high nitritation to anammox rate ratio, likely the cause of the observed nitrite accumulation. The latter was overcome by temporarily including an anoxic period at the end of the reaction phase. All systems achieved granulation and similar biomass-specific nitrogen removal rates (141-220 mg N g(-1) VSS day(-1)). FISH revealed a close juxtapositioning of aerobic and anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB and AnAOB), also in small aggregates. DGGE showed that AerAOB communities had a lower evenness than Planctomycetes communities. A higher richness of the latter seemed to be correlated with better reactor performance. Overall, the fast start-up of SBR B, C and D suggests that stable hydraulic conditions are beneficial for OLAND while increased salinity at the tested levels is not needed for good reactor performance. © 2012 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology © 2012 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  19. Great Lakes Steel -- PCI facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Eichinger, F.T.; Dake, S.H.; Wagner, E.D.

    1997-12-31

    This paper discusses the planning, design, and start-up of the 90 tph PCI facility for National Steel`s Great Lakes Steel Division in River Rouge, MI. This project is owned and operated by Edison Energy Services, and was implemented on a fast-track basis by Raytheon Engineers and Constructors, Babcock Material Handling, and Babcock and Wilcox. This paper presents important process issues, basic design criteria, an the challenges of engineering and building a state-of-the-art PCI facility in two existing plants. Pulverized coal is prepared at the River Rouge Power Plant of Detroit Edison, is pneumatically conveyed 6,000 feet to a storage silomore » at Great Lakes Steel, and is injected into three blast furnaces.« less

  20. A Guide for Developing Standard Operating Job Procedures for the Pump Station Process Wastewater Treatment Facility. SOJP No. 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Perley, Gordon F.

    This is a guide for standard operating job procedures for the pump station process of wastewater treatment plants. Step-by-step instructions are given for pre-start up inspection, start-up procedures, continuous routine operation procedures, and shut-down procedures. A general description of the equipment used in the process is given. Two…

  1. Effects of Feedstock Sources on Inoculant Acclimatization: Start-up Strategies and Reactor Performance.

    PubMed

    Yang, Qian; Wei, Liang-Huan; Li, Wei-Zun; Chen, Yu; Ju, Mei-Ting

    2017-11-01

    Different inoculum sources and acclimatization methods result in different substrate adaptation and biodegradability. To increase straw degradation rate, shorten the digester start-up time, and enhance the biogas production, we domesticated anaerobic sludge by adding microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). During acclimatization, the start-up strategies and reactor performance were investigated to analyze changes in feedstock adaption, biodegradability, and methanogen activity. The effect of the domesticated inoculum was evaluated by testing batch un-pretreated corn stover with a dewatered sludge (DS)-domesticated inoculum as a control. The results showed that (1) using MCC as a substrate rapidly improved microorganism biodegradability and adaptation. (2) MCC as domesticated substrate has relatively stable system and high mass conversion, but with low buffer capacity. (3) Macro- and micronutrients should be added for improving the activity of methanogenic and system's buffer capacity. (4) Using the domesticated inoculums and batch tests to anaerobically digest untreated corn stover yielded rapid biogas production of 292 mL, with an early peak value on the first day. The results indicated that cultivating directional inoculum can efficiently and quickly start-up digester. These investigated results to promote anaerobic digestion of straw for producing biogas speed up the transformation of achievements of biomass solid waste utilization have a positive promoting significance.

  2. Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) Instrument: Flight Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) Acceptance Thermal Vacuum Test

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, Charles; Butler, Dan; Ku, Jentung; Grob, Eric; Swanson, Ted; Nikitkin, Michael; Powers, Edward I. (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    Two loop heat pipes (LHPs) are to be used for tight thermal control of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument, planned for flight in late 2001. The LHPs are charged with Propylene as a working fluid. One LHP will be used to transport 110 W from a laser to a radiator, the other will transport 160 W from electronic boxes to a separate radiator. The application includes a large amount of thermal mass in each LHP system and low initial startup powers. The initial design had some non-ideal flight design compromises, resulted in a less than ideal charge level for this design concept with a symmetrical secondary wick. This less than ideal charge was identified as the source of inadequate performance of the flight LHPs during the flight thermal vacuum test in October of 2000. We modified the compensation chamber design, re-built and charged the LHPs for a final LHP acceptance thermal vacuum test. This test performed March of 2001 was 100% successful. This is the last testing to be performed on the LHPs prior to instrument thermal vacuum test. This sensitivity to charge level was shown through varying the charge on a Development Model Loop Heat Pipe (DM LHP) and evaluating performance at various fill levels. At lower fills similar to the original charge in the flight units, the same poor performance was observed. When the flight units were re-designed and filled to the levels similar to the initial successful DM LHP test, the flight units also successfully fulfilled all requirements. This final flight Acceptance test assessed performance with respect to startup, low power operation, conductance, and control heater power, and steady state control. The results of the testing showed that both LHPs operated within specification. Startup on one of the LHPs was better than the other LHP because of the starter heater placement and a difference in evaporator design. These differences resulted in a variation in the achieved superheat prior to startup. The LHP with the lower superheat was sensitive to the thermal environment around the compensation chamber, while the LHP with the higher superheat (similar in design to DM LHP) was not. In response to the test results the placement of the starter heater will be optimized for the flight instrument testing for higher achieved superheat. This presentation discusses startup behavior, overall conductance of a radiator system, low power operation, high power operation, temperature control stability, and control heater power requirements as measured during this acceptance thermal vacuum test. A brief summary of 'lessons learned' will be included.

  3. Development of cryogenic thermal control heat pipes. [of stainless steels

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1978-01-01

    The development of thermal control heat pipes that are applicable to the low temperature to cryogenic range was investigated. A previous effort demonstrated that stainless steel axially grooved tubing which met performance requirements could be fabricated. Three heat pipe designs utilizing stainless steel axially grooved tubing were fabricated and tested. One is a liquid trap diode heat pipe which conforms to the configuration and performance requirements of the Heat Pipe Experiment Package (HEPP). The HEPP is scheduled for flight aboard the Long Duration Flight Exposure Facility (LDEF). Another is a thermal switch heat pipe which is designed to permit energy transfer at the cooler of the two identical legs. The third thermal component is a hybrid variable conductance heat pipe (VCHP). The design incorporates both a conventional VCHP system and a liquid trap diode. The design, fabrication and thermal testing of these heat pipes is described. The demonstrated heat pipe behavior including start-up, forward mode transport, recovery after evaporator dry-out, diode performance and variable conductance control are discussed.

  4. RHETT/EPDM Performance Characterization

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Haag, T.; Osborn, M.

    1998-01-01

    The 0.6 kW Electric Propulsion Demonstration Module (EPDM) flight thruster system was tested in a large vacuum facility for performance measurements and functional checkout. The thruster was operated at a xenon flow rate of 3.01 mg/s, which was supplied through a self-contained propellant system. All power was provided through a flight-packaged power processing unit, which was mounted in vacuum on a cold plate. The thruster was cycled through 34 individual startup and shutdown sequences. Operating periods ranged from 3 to 3600 seconds. The system responded promptly to each command sequence and there were no involuntary shutdowns. Direct thrust measurements indicated that steady state thrust was temperature sensitive, and varied from a high of 41.7 mN at 16 C, to a low of 34.8 mN at 110 C. Short duration thruster firings showed rapid response and good repeatability.

  5. The Healy clean coal project: An overview

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Olson, J.B.; McCrohan, D.V.

    1997-12-31

    The Healy Clean Coal Project, selected by the US Department of Energy under Round III of the Clean Coal Technology Program is currently in construction. The project is owned and financed by the Alaska Industrial Development and Export Authority (AIDEA), and is cofunded by the US Department of Energy. Construction is scheduled to be completed in August of 1997, with startup activity concluding in December of 1997. Demonstration, testing and reporting of the results will take place in 1998, followed by commercial operation of the facility. The emission levels of NOx, SO{sub 2} and particulates from this 50 megawatt plantmore » are expected to be significantly lower than current standards. The project status, its participants, a description of the technology to be demonstrated, and the operational and performance goals of this project are presented.« less

  6. Biogasification of Walt Disney World biomass waste blend. Annual report, January-December 1983

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Biljetina, R.; Chynoweth, D.P.; Janulis, J.

    1984-09-01

    The objective of this research is to develop efficient processes for conversion of biomass-waste blends to methane and other resources. To evaluate the technical and economic feasibility, an experimental test unit (ETU) was designed and installed at the Reedy Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant at Walt Disney World in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The facility integrates a biomethanogenic conversion process with a wastewater treatment process employing water hyacinth ponds for secondary and tertiary treatment of sewage. Harvested water hyacinth is subsequently combined with sludge from the primary wastewater clarifier and fed at 1-wet-ton per day to the ETU digester. This resultsmore » in the production of methane and other useful byproducts. Design, procurement of equipment, and installation has been completed. Start-up of the ETU is in progress.« less

  7. Optimization of operation conditions for the startup of aerobic granular sludge reactors biologically removing carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous.

    PubMed

    Lochmatter, Samuel; Holliger, Christof

    2014-08-01

    The transformation of conventional flocculent sludge to aerobic granular sludge (AGS) biologically removing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (COD, N, P) is still a main challenge in startup of AGS sequencing batch reactors (AGS-SBRs). On the one hand a rapid granulation is desired, on the other hand good biological nutrient removal capacities have to be maintained. So far, several operation parameters have been studied separately, which makes it difficult to compare their impacts. We investigated seven operation parameters in parallel by applying a Plackett-Burman experimental design approach with the aim to propose an optimized startup strategy. Five out of the seven tested parameters had a significant impact on the startup duration. The conditions identified to allow a rapid startup of AGS-SBRs with good nutrient removal performances were (i) alternation of high and low dissolved oxygen phases during aeration, (ii) a settling strategy avoiding too high biomass washout during the first weeks of reactor operation, (iii) adaptation of the contaminant load in the early stage of the startup in order to ensure that all soluble COD was consumed before the beginning of the aeration phase, (iv) a temperature of 20 °C, and (v) a neutral pH. Under such conditions, it took less than 30 days to produce granular sludge with high removal performances for COD, N, and P. A control run using this optimized startup strategy produced again AGS with good nutrient removal performances within four weeks and the system was stable during the additional operation period of more than 50 days. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. DWPF STARTUP FRIT VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT ROUND ROBIN RESULTS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Crum, Jarrod V.; Edwards, Tommy B.; Russell, Renee L.

    2012-07-31

    A viscosity standard is needed to replace the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) glasses currently being used to calibrate viscosity measurement equipment. The current NIST glasses are either unavailable or less than ideal for calibrating equipment to measure the viscosity of high-level waste glasses. This report documents the results of a viscosity round robin study conducted on the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) startup frit. DWPF startup frit was selected because its viscosity-temperature relationship is similar to most DWPF and Hanford high-level waste glass compositions. The glass underwent grinding and blending to homogenize the large (100 lb) batch.more » Portions of the batch were supplied to the laboratories (named A through H) for viscosity measurements following a specified temperature schedule with a temperature range of 1150 C to 950 C and with an option to measure viscosity at lower temperatures if their equipment was capable of measuring at the higher viscosities. Results were used to fit the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher and Arrhenius equations to viscosity as a function of temperature for the entire temperature range of 460 C through 1250 C as well as the limited temperature interval of approximately 950 C through 1250 C. The standard errors for confidence and prediction were determined for the fitted models.« less

  9. Research for the Fluid Field of the Centrifugal Compressor Impeller in Accelerating Startup

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Xiaozhu; Chen, Gang; Zhu, Changyun; Qin, Guoliang

    2013-03-01

    In order to study the flow field in the impeller in the accelerating start-up process of centrifugal compressor, the 3-D and 1-D transient accelerated flow governing equations along streamline in the impeller of the centrifugal compressor are derived in detail, the assumption of pressure gradient distribution is presented, and the solving method for 1-D transient accelerating flow field is given based on the assumption. The solving method is achieved by programming and the computing result is obtained. It is obtained by comparison that the computing method is met with the test result. So the feasibility and effectiveness for solving accelerating start-up problem of centrifugal compressor by the solving method in this paper is proven.

  10. Exhaust gas treatment in testing nuclear rocket engines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zweig, Herbert R.; Fischler, Stanley; Wagner, William R.

    1993-01-01

    With the exception of the last test series of the Rover program, Nuclear Furnace 1, test-reactor and rocket engine hydrogen gas exhaust generated during the Rover/NERVA program was released directly to the atmosphere, without removal of the associated fission products and other radioactive debris. Current rules for nuclear facilities (DOE Order 5480.6) are far more protective of the general environment; even with the remoteness of the Nevada Test Site, introduction of potentially hazardous quantities of radioactive waste into the atmosphere must be scrupulously avoided. The Rocketdyne treatment concept features a diffuser to provide altitude simulation and pressure recovery, a series of heat exchangers to gradually cool the exhaust gas stream to 100 K, and an activated charcoal bed for adsorption of inert gases. A hydrogen-gas fed ejector provides auxiliary pumping for startup and shutdown of the engine. Supplemental filtration to remove particulates and condensed phases may be added at appropriate locations in the system. The clean hydrogen may be exhausted to the atmosphere and flared, or the gas may be condensed and stored for reuse in testing. The latter approach totally isolates the working gas from the environment.

  11. Liquid Oxygen/Liquid Methane Test Summary of the RS-18 Lunar Ascent Engine at Simulated Altitude Conditions at NASA White Sands Test Facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Melcher, John C., IV; Allred, Jennifer K.

    2009-01-01

    Tests were conducted with the RS18 rocket engine using liquid oxygen (LO2) and liquid methane (LCH4) propellants under simulated altitude conditions at NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility (WSTF). This project is part of NASA s Propulsion and Cryogenics Advanced Development (PCAD) project. "Green" propellants, such as LO2/LCH4, offer savings in both performance and safety over equivalently sized hypergolic propellant systems in spacecraft applications such as ascent engines or service module engines. Altitude simulation was achieved using the WSTF Large Altitude Simulation System, which provided altitude conditions equivalent up to approx.120,000 ft (approx.37 km). For specific impulse calculations, engine thrust and propellant mass flow rates were measured. Propellant flow rate was measured using a coriolis-style mass-flow meter and compared with a serial turbine-style flow meter. Results showed a significant performance measurement difference during ignition startup. LO2 flow ranged from 5.9-9.5 lbm/sec (2.7-4.3 kg/sec), and LCH4 flow varied from 3.0-4.4 lbm/sec (1.4-2.0 kg/sec) during the RS-18 hot-fire test series. Thrust was measured using three load cells in parallel. Ignition was demonstrated using a gaseous oxygen/methane spark torch igniter. Data was obtained at multiple chamber pressures, and calculations were performed for specific impulse, C* combustion efficiency, and thrust vector alignment. Test objectives for the RS-18 project are 1) conduct a shakedown of the test stand for LO2/methane lunar ascent engines, 2) obtain vacuum ignition data for the torch and pyrotechnic igniters, and 3) obtain nozzle kinetics data to anchor two-dimensional kinetics codes.

  12. 40 CFR Appendix 1 to Part 3 - Priority Reports

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...). Hazardous Air Pollutants Compliance Report Reports containing results from performance test, opacity tests, and visible emissions tests. Progress reports; periodic and immediate startup, shutdown, and... Owners report emissions data from stationary sources 51.211. Report For Initial Performance Test Report...

  13. 40 CFR Appendix 1 to Part 3 - Priority Reports

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...). Hazardous Air Pollutants Compliance Report Reports containing results from performance test, opacity tests, and visible emissions tests. Progress reports; periodic and immediate startup, shutdown, and... Owners report emissions data from stationary sources 51.211. Report For Initial Performance Test Report...

  14. 40 CFR 63.7520 - What performance tests and procedures must I use?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... load while burning the type of fuel or mixture of fuels that have the highest content of chlorine... performance test. (e) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of startup, shutdown, or...

  15. 40 CFR 63.7520 - What performance tests and procedures must I use?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... load while burning the type of fuel or mixture of fuels that have the highest content of chlorine... performance test. (e) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of startup, shutdown, or...

  16. 40 CFR 63.7520 - What performance tests and procedures must I use?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... load while burning the type of fuel or mixture of fuels that have the highest content of chlorine... performance test. (e) You may not conduct performance tests during periods of startup, shutdown, or...

  17. Modeling of two-phase flow instabilities during startup transients utilizing RAMONA-4B methodology

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Paniagua, J.; Rohatgi, U.S.; Prasad, V.

    1996-10-01

    RAMONA-4B code is currently under development for simulating thermal hydraulic instabilities that can occur in Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) and the Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR). As one of the missions of RAMONA-4B is to simulate SBWR startup transients, where geysering or condensation-induced instability may be encountered, the code needs to be assessed for this application. This paper outlines the results of the assessments of the current version of RAMONA-4B and the modifications necessary for simulating the geysering or condensation-induced instability. The test selected for assessment are the geysering tests performed by Prof Aritomi (1993).

  18. Characterization of the startup transient electrokinetic flow in rectangular channels of arbitrary dimensions, zeta potential distribution, and time-varying pressure gradient.

    PubMed

    Miller, Andrew; Villegas, Arturo; Diez, F Javier

    2015-03-01

    The solution to the startup transient EOF in an arbitrary rectangular microchannel is derived analytically and validated experimentally. This full 2D transient solution describes the evolution of the flow through five distinct periods until reaching a final steady state. The derived analytical velocity solution is validated experimentally for different channel sizes and aspect ratios under time-varying pressure gradients. The experiments used a time resolved micro particle image velocimetry technique to calculate the startup transient velocity profiles. The measurements captured the effect of time-varying pressure gradient fields derived in the analytical solutions. This is tested by using small reservoirs at both ends of the channel which allowed a time-varying pressure gradient to develop with a time scale on the order of the transient EOF. Results showed that under these common conditions, the effect of the pressure build up in the reservoirs on the temporal development of the transient startup EOF in the channels cannot be neglected. The measurements also captured the analytical predictions for channel walls made of different materials (i.e., zeta potentials). This was tested in channels that had three PDMS and one quartz wall, resulting in a flow with an asymmetric velocity profile due to variations in the zeta potential between the walls. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  19. Loop Heat Pipe Startup Behaviors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ku, Jentung

    2016-01-01

    A loop heat pipe must start successfully before it can commence its service. The startup transient represents one of the most complex phenomena in the loop heat pipe operation. This paper discusses various aspects of loop heat pipe startup behaviors. Topics include the four startup scenarios, the initial fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir that determines the startup scenario, factors that affect the fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir, difficulties encountered during the low power startup, and methods to enhance the startup success. Also addressed are the pressure spike and pressure surge during the startup transient, and repeated cycles of loop startup and shutdown under certain conditions.

  20. Bulk Shielding Facility quarterly report, April, May and June 1984

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Corbett, B.L.; Lance, E.D.

    1984-12-01

    The BSR operated at an average power level of 1310 kW for 3.8% of the time during April, May, and June. Water-quality control in both the reactor primary and secondary cooling systems was satisfactory. The PCA was used in training startups and was operated on five occasions for the NBS and HEDL recheck of a previous experiment run on the LWR pressure vessel surveillance dosimetry improvement program.

  1. Quantifying Stove Emissions Related to Different Use Patterns for the Silver mini (Small Turkish) Space Heating Stove

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Maddalena, Randy; Lunden, Melissa; Wilson, Daniel

    2012-08-01

    Air pollution levels in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital, are among the highest in the world. A primary source of this pollution is emissions from traditional coal - burning space heating stoves used in the Ger (tent) regions around Ulaanbaatar. Significant investment has been made to replace traditional heating stoves with improved low - emission high-efficiency stoves. Testing performed to support selection of replacement stoves or for optimizing performance may not be representative of true field performance of the improved stoves. Field observations and lab measurements indicate that performance is impacted , often adversely, by how stoves are actually being used inmore » the field. The objective of this project is to identify factors that influence stove emissions under typical field operating conditions and to quantify the impact of these factors. A highly - instrumented stove testing facility was constructed to allow for rapid and precise adjustment of factors influencing stove performance. Tests were performed using one of the improved stove models currently available in Ulaanbaatar. Complete burn cycles were conducted with Nailakh coal from the Ulaanbaatar region using various startup parameters, refueling conditions , and fuel characteristics . Measurements were collected simultaneously from undiluted chimney gas, diluted gas drawn directly from the chimney and plume gas collected from a dilution tunnel above the chimney. CO, CO 2, O 2, temperature, pressure, and particulate matter (PM) were measured . We found that both refueling events and coal characteristics strongly influenced PM emissions and stove performance. Start-up and refueling events lead to increased PM emissions with more than 98% of PM mass emitted during the 20% of the burn where coal ignition occurs. CO emissions are distributed more evenly over the burn cycle, peaking both during ignition and late in the burn cycle . We anticipate these results being useful for quantifying public health outcomes related to the distribution of improved stoves and to identify opportunities for improving and sustaining performance of the new stoves .« less

  2. Applications of multi-spectral imaging: failsafe industrial flame detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wing Au, Kwong; Larsen, Christopher; Cole, Barry; Venkatesha, Sharath

    2016-05-01

    Industrial and petrochemical facilities present unique challenges for fire protection and safety. Typical scenarios include detection of an unintended fire in a scene, wherein the scene also includes a flare stack in the background. Maintaining a high level of process and plant safety is a critical concern. In this paper, we present a failsafe industrial flame detector which has significant performance benefits compared to current flame detectors. The design involves use of microbolometer in the MWIR and LWIR spectrum and a dual band filter. This novel flame detector can help industrial facilities to meet their plant safety and critical infrastructure protection requirements while ensuring operational and business readiness at project start-up.

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vanvick, T.W.

    The Logan Generating Plant (formerly Keystone Cogeneration Project) is a 230 MW (gross) pulverized coal cogeneration facility located on the Delaware River in Logan Township, New Jersey, off Route 130. Owned and operated by U.S. Generating Company, the plant was built by Bechtel Corporation, which provided engineering, procurement, construction, and startup services. Power from the plant is furnished to Atlantic Electric, and approximately 50,000 pounds of process steam per hour is provided to Monsanto`s adjacent facility. U.S. Generating Company is committed to operating plants with close attention to the environment and has developed a specific Environmental Mission Statement. This papermore » addresses some of the key environmental features at the Logan Generating Plant.« less

  4. PROJECT W-551 INTERIM PRETREATMENT SYSTEM PRECONCEPTUAL CANDIDATE TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTIONS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    MAY TH

    The Office of River Protection (ORP) has authorized a study to recommend and select options for interim pretreatment of tank waste and support Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) low activity waste (LAW) operations prior to startup of all the WTP facilities. The Interim Pretreatment System (IPS) is to be a moderately sized system which separates entrained solids and 137Cs from tank waste for an interim time period while WTP high level waste vitrification and pretreatment facilities are completed. This study's objective is to prepare pre-conceptual technology descriptions that expand the technical detail for selected solid and cesium separation technologies. This revisionmore » includes information on additional feed tanks.« less

  5. Enhancing Efficiency of Safeguards at Facilities that are Shutdown or Closed-Down, including those being Decommissioned

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Moran, B.; Stern, W.; Colley, J.

    International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards involves verification activities at a wide range of facilities in a variety of operational phases (e.g., under construction, start-up, operating, shutdown, closed-down, and decommissioned). Safeguards optimization for each different facility type and operational phase is essential for the effectiveness of safeguards implementation. The IAEA’s current guidance regarding safeguards for the different facility types in the various lifecycle phases is provided in its Design Information Examination (DIE) and Verification (DIV) procedure. 1 Greater efficiency in safeguarding facilities that are shut down or closed down, including those being decommissioned, could allow the IAEA to use amore » greater portion of its effort to conduct other verification activities. Consequently, the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Office of International Nuclear Safeguards sponsored this study to evaluate whether there is an opportunity to optimize safeguards approaches for facilities that are shutdown or closed-down. The purpose of this paper is to examine existing safeguards approaches for shutdown and closed-down facilities, including facilities being decommissioned, and to seek to identify whether they may be optimized.« less

  6. History of 232-F, tritium extraction processing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Blackburn, G.W.

    1994-08-01

    In 1950 the Atomic Energy Commission authorized the Savannah River Project principally for the production of tritium and plutonium-239 for use in thermonuclear weapons. 232-F was built as an interim facility in 1953--1954, at a cost of $3.9M. Tritium extraction operations began in October, 1955, after the reactor and separations startups. In July, 1957 a larger tritium facility began operation in 232-H. In 1958 the capacity of 232-H was doubled. Also, in 1957 a new task was assigned to Savannah River, the loading of tritium into reservoirs that would be actual components of thermonuclear weapons. This report describes the historymore » of 232-F, the process for tritium extraction, and the lessons learned over the years that were eventually incorporated into the new Replacement Tritium Facility.« less

  7. Loop Heat Pipe Startup Behaviors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ku, Jentung

    2014-01-01

    A loop heat pipe must start successfully before it can commence its service. The start-up transient represents one of the most complex phenomena in the loop heat pipe operation. This paper discusses various aspects of loop heat pipe start-up behaviors. Topics include the four start-up scenarios, the initial fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir that determines the start-up scenario, factors that affect the fluid distribution between the evaporator and reservoir, difficulties encountered during the low power start-up, and methods to enhance the start-up success. Also addressed are the thermodynamic constraint between the evaporator and reservoir in the loop heat pipe operation, the superheat requirement for nucleate boiling, pressure spike and pressure surge during the start-up transient, and repeated cycles of loop start-up andshutdown under certain conditions.

  8. 324 Building B-Cell Pressurized Water Reactor Spent Fuel Packaging & Shipment RL Readiness Assessment Final Report [SEC 1 Thru 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    HUMPHREYS, D C

    A parallel readiness assessment (RA) was conducted by independent Fluor Hanford (FH) and U. S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (RL) team to verify that an adequate state of readiness had been achieved for activities associated with the packaging and shipping of pressurized water reactor fuel assemblies from B-Cell in the 324 Building to the interim storage area at the Canister Storage Building in the 200 Area. The RL review was conducted in parallel with the FH review in accordance with the Joint RL/FH Implementation Plan (Appendix B). The RL RA Team members were assigned a FH RA Teammore » counterpart for the review. With this one-on-one approach, the RL RA Team was able to assess the FH Team's performance, competence, and adherence to the implementation plan and evaluate the level of facility readiness. The RL RA Team agrees with the FH determination that startup of the 324 Building B-Cell pressurized water reactor spent nuclear fuel packaging and shipping operations can safely proceed, pending completion of the identified pre-start items in the FH final report (see Appendix A), completion of the manageable list of open items included in the facility's declaration of readiness, and execution of the startup plan to operations.« less

  9. Start-up control system and vessel for LMFBR

    DOEpatents

    Durrant, Oliver W.; Kakarala, Chandrasekhara R.; Mandel, Sheldon W.

    1987-01-01

    A reflux condensing start-up system includes a steam generator, a start-up vessel connected parallel to the steam generator, a main steam line connecting steam outlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel to a steam turbine, a condenser connected to an outlet of the turbine and a feedwater return line connected between the condenser and inlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel. The start-up vessel has one or more heaters at the bottom thereof for heating feedwater which is supplied over a start-up line to the start-up vessel. Steam is thus generated to pressurize the steam generator before the steam generator is supplied with a heat transfer medium, for example liquid sodium, in the case of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor. The start-up vessel includes upper and lower bulbs with a smaller diameter mid-section to act as water and steam reservoirs. The start-up vessel can thus be used not only in a start-up operation but as a mixing tank, a water storage tank and a level control at low loads for controlling feedwater flow.

  10. Start-up control system and vessel for LMFBR

    DOEpatents

    Durrant, Oliver W.; Kakarala, Chandrasekhara R.; Mandel, Sheldon W.

    1987-01-01

    A reflux condensing start-up system comprises a steam generator, a start-up vessel connected parallel to the steam generator, a main steam line connecting steam outlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel to a steam turbine, a condenser connected to an outlet of the turbine and a feedwater return line connected between the condenser and inlets of the steam generator and start-up vessel. The start-up vessel has one or more heaters at the bottom thereof for heating feedwater which is supplied over a start-up line to the start-up vessel. Steam is thus generated to pressurize the steam generator before the steam generator is supplied with a heat transfer medium, for example liquid sodium, in the case of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor. The start-up vessel includes upper and lower bulbs with a smaller diameter mid-section to act as water and steam reservoirs. The start-up vessel can thus be used not only in a start-up operation but as a mixing tank, a water storage tank and a level control at low loads for controlling feedwater flow.

  11. 40 CFR 53.41 - Test conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test conditions. 53.41 Section 53.41... PM10 § 53.41 Test conditions. (a) Set-up and start-up of all test samplers shall be in strict... shall be cleaned prior to conducting wind tunnel tests with solid particles. (c) Once the test sampler...

  12. 40 CFR 53.41 - Test conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test conditions. 53.41 Section 53.41... PM10 § 53.41 Test conditions. (a) Set-up and start-up of all test samplers shall be in strict... shall be cleaned prior to conducting wind tunnel tests with solid particles. (c) Once the test sampler...

  13. Testing of a Loop Heat Pipe Subjective to Variable Accelerations. Part 1; Start-up

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ku, Jentung; Rogers, Paul; Hoff, Craig

    2000-01-01

    The effect of accelerating forces on the performance of loop heat pipes (LHP) is of interest and importance to terrestrial and space applications. They are being considered for cooling of military combat vehicles and for spinning spacecraft. In order to investigate the effect of an accelerating force on LHP operation, a miniature LHP was installed on a spin table. Variable accelerating forces were imposed on the LHP by spinning the table at different angular speeds. Several patterns of accelerating forces were applied, i.e. continuous spin at different speeds and periodic spin at different speeds and frequencies. The resulting accelerations ranged from 1.17 g's to 4.7 g's. This paper presents the first part of the experimental study, i.e. the effects of a centrifugal force on the LHP start-up. Tests were conducted by varying the heat load to the evaporator, sink temperature, magnitude and frequency of centrifugal force, and LHP orientation relative to the direction of the accelerating force. The accelerating force seems to have little effect on the loop start-up in terms of temperature overshoot and superheat at boiling incipience. Changes in these parameters seem to be stochastic with or without centrifugal accelerating forces. The LHP started successfully in all tests.

  14. 40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

  15. 40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

  16. 40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

  17. 40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan that describes, in detail, procedures for...

  18. Improving accuracy of unbound resilient modulus testing

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-07-01

    The P46 Laboratory Startup and Quality Control Procedure was developed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the resilient modulus data produced while testing soil and aggregate materials using closed-loop servo-hydraulic systems. It was develope...

  19. Report of the oversight assessment of the operational readiness review of the Savannah River Site Defense Waste Processing Facility Cold Chemical Runs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, B.

    1993-03-01

    This report presents the results of an oversight assessment (OA) conducted by the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Environment, Safety and Health (EH) of the operational readiness review (ORR) activities for the Cold Chemical Runs (CCRs) at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) located at Savannah River Site (SRS). The EH OA of this facility took place concurrently with an ORR performed by the DOE Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM). The EM ORR was conducted from September 28, 1992, through October 9, 1992, although portions of the EM ORR were extended beyond this period. Themore » EH OA evaluated the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the EM ORR. The EH OA was designed to ascertain whether the EM ORR was thorough and demonstrated sufficient inquisitiveness to verify that the implementation of programs and procedures is adequate to assure the protection of worker safety and health. The EH OA was carried out in accordance with the protocol and procedures of the EH Program for Oversight Assessment of Operational Readiness Evaluations for Startups and Restarts,'' dated September 15, 1992. Based on its OA and verification of the resolution of EH OA findings, the EH OA Team believes that the startup of the CCRs may be safely begun, pending satisfactory completion and verification of the prestart findings identified by the EM ORR. The EH OA was based primarily on an evaluation of the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the EM ORR and addressed the following areas: industrial safety, industrial hygiene, and respiratory protection; fire protection; and chemical safety. The EH OA conducted independent vertical-slice'' reviews to confirm EM ORR results in the areas of confined-space entry, respiratory protection, fire protection, and chemical safety.« less

  20. Analysis of space reactor system components: Investigation through simulation and non-nuclear testing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.

    The use of fission energy in space power and propulsion systems offers considerable advantages over chemical propulsion. Fission provides over six orders of magnitude higher energy density, which translates to higher vehicle specific impulse and lower specific mass. These characteristics enable ambitious space exploration missions. The natural space radiation environment provides an external source of protons and high energy, high Z particles that can result in the production of secondary neutrons through interactions in reactor structures. Applying the approximate proton source in geosynchronous orbit during a solar particle event, investigation using MCNPX 2.5.b for proton transport through the SAFE-400 heat pipe cooled reactor indicates an incoming secondary neutron current of (1.16 +/- 0.03) x 107 n/s at the core-reflector interface. This neutron current may affect reactor operation during low power maneuvers (e.g., start-up) and may provide a sufficient reactor start-up source. It is important that a reactor control system be designed to automatically adjust to changes in reactor power levels, maintaining nominal operation without user intervention. A robust, autonomous control system is developed and analyzed for application during reactor start-up, accounting for fluctuations in the radiation environment that result from changes in vehicle location or to temporal variations in the radiation field. Development of a nuclear reactor for space applications requires a significant amount of testing prior to deployment of a flight unit. High confidence in fission system performance can be obtained through relatively inexpensive non-nuclear tests performed in relevant environments, with the heat from nuclear fission simulated using electric resistance heaters. A series of non-nuclear experiments was performed to characterize various aspects of reactor operation. This work includes measurement of reactor core deformation due to material thermal expansion and implementation of a virtual reactivity feedback control loop; testing and thermal hydraulic characterization of the coolant flow paths for two space reactor concepts; and analysis of heat pipe operation during start-up and steady state operation.

  1. 40 CFR 53.21 - Test conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test conditions. 53.21 Section 53.21... Methods SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 § 53.21 Test conditions. (a) Set-up and start-up of the test analyzer shall... before beginning the tests. The test procedures assume that the test analyzer has an analog measurement...

  2. 40 CFR 53.21 - Test conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test conditions. 53.21 Section 53.21... Methods for SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 § 53.21 Test conditions. (a) Set-up and start-up of the test analyzer... before beginning the tests. The test procedures assume that the test analyzer has a conventional analog...

  3. Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Ground Test History

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gerrish, Harold P.

    2014-01-01

    Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) was started in 1955 under the Atomic Energy Commission as project Rover and was assigned to Los Alamos National Laboratory. The Nevada Test Site was selected in 1956 and facility construction began in 1957. The KIWI-A was tested on July 1, 1959 for 5 minutes at 70MW. KIWI-A1 was tested on July 8, 1960 for 6 minutes at 85MW. KIWI-A3 was tested on October 10, 1960 for 5 minutes at 100MW. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was formed in 1958. On August 31, 1960 the AEC and NASA established the Space Nuclear Propulsion Office and named Harold Finger as Director. Immediately following the formation of SNPO, contracts were awarded for the Reactor In Flight Test (RIFT), master plan for the Nuclear Rocket Engine Development Station (NRDS), and the Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA). From December 7, 1961 to November 30, 1962, the KIWI-B1A, KIWI-B1B, and KIWI-B4A were tested at test cell A. The last two engines were only tested for several seconds before noticeable failure of the fuel elements. Harold Finger called a stop to any further hot fire testing until the problem was well understood. The KIWI-B4A cold flow test showed the problem to be related to fluid dynamics of hydrogen interstitial flow causing fuel element vibrations. President Kennedy visited the NTS one week after the KIWI-B4A failure and got to see the engine starting to be disassembled in the maintenance facility. The KIWI-B4D and KIWI-B4E were modified to not have the vibration problems and were tested in test cell C. The NERVA NRX program started testing in early 1964 with NRX-A1 cold flow test series (unfueled graphite core), NRX-A2 and NRX-A3 power test series up to 1122 MW for 13 minutes. In March 1966, the NRX-EST (Engine System Test) was the first breadboard using flight functional relationship and total operating time of 116 minutes. The NRX-EST demonstrated the feasibility of a hot bleed cycle. The NRX-A5 had multiple start-ups in May-June 1966 with 30.75 minutes accumulative operating time at or above 1GW. The NRX-A6 was tested in December 1969 and ran for 62 minutes at 1100 MW. Each engine had post-test examination and found various structure anomalies which were identified for correction and the fuel element corrosion rate was reduced. The Phoebus series of research reactors began testing at test cell C, in June 1965 with Phoebus 1A. Phoebus 1A operated for 10.5 minutes at 1100 MW before unexpected loss of propellant and leading to an engine breakdown. Phoebus 1B ran for 30 minutes in February of 1967. Phoebus 2A was the highest steady state reactor built at 5GW. Phoebus 2A ran for 12 minutes at 4100 MW demonstrating sufficient power is available. The Peewee test bed reactor was tested November- December 1968 in test cell C for 40 minutes at 500MW with overall performance close to pre-run predictions. The XE' engine was the only engine tested with close to a flight configuration and fired downward into a diffuser at the Engine Test Stand (ETS) in 1969. The XE' was 1100 MW and had 28 start-ups. The nuclear furnace NF-1 was operated at 44 MW with multiple test runs at 90 minutes in the summer of 1972. The NF-1 was the last NTP reactor tested. The Rover/NERVA program was cancelled in 1973. However, before cancellation, a lot of other engineering work was conducted by Aerojet on a 75, 000 lbf prototype flight engine and by Los Alamos on a 16,000 lbf "Small Engine" nuclear rocket design. The ground test history of NTP at the NRDS also offers many lessons learned on how best to setup, operate, emergency shutdown, and post-test examine NTP engines. The reactor and engine maintenance and disassembly facilities were used for assembly and inspection of radioactive engines after testing. Most reactor/ engines were run at test cell A or test cell C with open air exhaust. The Rover/NERVA program became aware of a new environmental regulation that would restrict the amount of radioactive particulates allowed to be release in open air and successfully demonstrated a scrubber concept with the NF-1. The ETS stand was the only one with a high altitude test chamber used for XE'. The ETS and other test cells showed the effects the engine's radiation had on the facility materials and instrumentation as well as side effects the ground test facility has back on the engine operation. The breakdown of Phoebus 1A at test cell C showed how the site was cleaned up and back to operation for five more engines before the program was cancelled.

  4. Start-up and stabilization of an Anammox process from a non-acclimatized sludge in CSTR.

    PubMed

    Bagchi, Samik; Biswas, Rima; Nandy, Tapas

    2010-09-01

    Development of an Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process using non-acclimatized sludge requires a long start-up period owing to the very slow growth rate of Anammox bacteria. This article addresses the issue of achieving a shorter start-up period for Anammox activity in a well-mixed continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using non-acclimatized anaerobic sludge. Proper selection of enrichment conditions and low stirring speed of 30 +/- 5 rpm resulted in a shorter start-up period (82 days). Activity tests revealed the microbial community structure of Anammox micro-granules. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found on the surface and on the outer most layers of granules while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and Anammox bacteria were present inside. Fine-tuning of influent NO2(-)/NH4+ ratio allowed Anammox activity to be maintained when mixed microbial populations were present. The maximum nitrogen removal rate achieved in the system was 0.216 kg N/(m(3) day) with a maximum specific nitrogen removal rate of 0.434 g N/(g VSS day). During the study period, Anammox activity was not inhibited by pH changes and free ammonia toxicity.

  5. TU-G-BRCD-01: Will the High Cost of Proton Therapy Facilities Limit the Availability of Proton Therapy Treatment?

    PubMed

    Maughan, R

    2012-06-01

    The potential dose distribution advantages associated with proton therapy, and particularly with pencil beam scanning (PBS) techniques, have lead to considerable interest in this modality in recent years. However, the large capital expenditure necessary for such a project requires careful financial consideration and business planning. The complexity of the beam delivery systems impacts the capital expenditure and the PBS only systems presently being advocated can reduce these costs. Also several manufacturers are considering "one-room" facilities as less expensive alternatives to multi-room facilities. This presentation includes a brief introduction to beam delivery options (passive scattering, uniform and modulated scanning) and some of the new technologies proposed for providing less expensive proton therapy systems. Based on current experience, data on proton therapy center start-up costs, running costs and the financial challenges associated with making this highly conformal therapy more widely available will be discussed. Issues associated with proton therapy implementation that are key to project success include strong project management, vendor cooperation and collaboration, staff recruitment and training. Time management during facility start up is a major concern, particularly in multi-room systems, where time must be shared between continuing vendor system validation, verification and acceptance testing, and user commissioning and patient treatments. The challenges associated with facility operation during this period and beyond are discussed, focusing on how standardization of process, downtime and smart scheduling can influence operational efficiency. 1. To understand the available choices for proton therapy facilities, the different beam delivery systems and the financial implications associated with these choices. 2. To understand the key elements necessary for successfully implementing a proton therapy program. 3. To understand the challenges associated with on-going facility management to achieve an efficient fully operational system. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

  6. 40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  7. 40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

  8. 40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

  9. 40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

  10. 40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  11. 40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

  12. 40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  13. 40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  14. 40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  15. 40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  16. 40 CFR 60.1220 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1220 Section 60.1220 Protection of Environment... Emission Limits § 60.1220 What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and... waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must...

  17. 40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  18. 40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  19. 40 CFR 62.15150 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15150 Section 62.15150 Protection of... § 62.15150 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  20. 40 CFR 60.1695 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1695 Section 60.1695 Protection of... Requirements § 60.1695 What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and... municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction. (b) Each startup, shutdown, or...

  1. 40 CFR 90.409 - Engine dynamometer test run.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...). (3) Record all pre-test data specified in § 90.405(c). (4) Start the test cycle (see § 90.410) within... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true Engine dynamometer test run. 90.409... Test Procedures § 90.409 Engine dynamometer test run. (a) Engine and dynamometer start-up. (1) Only...

  2. 40 CFR 90.409 - Engine dynamometer test run.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...). (3) Record all pre-test data specified in § 90.405(c). (4) Start the test cycle (see § 90.410) within... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Engine dynamometer test run. 90.409... Test Procedures § 90.409 Engine dynamometer test run. (a) Engine and dynamometer start-up. (1) Only...

  3. 40 CFR 90.409 - Engine dynamometer test run.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...). (3) Record all pre-test data specified in § 90.405(c). (4) Start the test cycle (see § 90.410) within... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Engine dynamometer test run. 90.409... Test Procedures § 90.409 Engine dynamometer test run. (a) Engine and dynamometer start-up. (1) Only...

  4. 40 CFR 90.409 - Engine dynamometer test run.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...). (3) Record all pre-test data specified in § 90.405(c). (4) Start the test cycle (see § 90.410) within... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Engine dynamometer test run. 90.409... Test Procedures § 90.409 Engine dynamometer test run. (a) Engine and dynamometer start-up. (1) Only...

  5. 40 CFR 90.409 - Engine dynamometer test run.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...). (3) Record all pre-test data specified in § 90.405(c). (4) Start the test cycle (see § 90.410) within... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Engine dynamometer test run. 90.409... Test Procedures § 90.409 Engine dynamometer test run. (a) Engine and dynamometer start-up. (1) Only...

  6. Radial Inflow Turboexpander Redesign

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    William G. Price

    2001-09-24

    Steamboat Envirosystems, LLC (SELC) was awarded a grant in accordance with the DOE Enhanced Geothermal Systems Project Development. Atlas-Copco Rotoflow (ACR), a radial expansion turbine manufacturer, was responsible for the manufacturing of the turbine and the creation of the new computer program. SB Geo, Inc. (SBG), the facility operator, monitored and assisted ACR's activities as well as provided installation and startup assistance. The primary scope of the project is the redesign of an axial flow turbine to a radial inflow turboexpander to provide increased efficiency and reliability at an existing facility. In addition to the increased efficiency and reliability, themore » redesign includes an improved reduction gear design, and improved shaft seal design, and upgraded control system and a greater flexibility of application« less

  7. Uptake of hepatitis C screening, characteristics of patients tested, and intervention costs in the BEST-C study.

    PubMed

    Brady, Joanne E; Liffmann, Danielle K; Yartel, Anthony; Kil, Natalie; Federman, Alex D; Kannry, Joseph; Jordan, Cynthia; Massoud, Omar I; Nerenz, David R; Brown, Kimberly A; Smith, Bryce D; Vellozzi, Claudia; Rein, David B

    2017-01-01

    From December 2012 to March 2014, three randomized trials, each implementing a unique intervention in primary care settings (repeated mailing, an electronic health record best practice alert [BPA], and patient solicitation), evaluated hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody testing, diagnosis, and costs for each of the interventions compared with standard-of-care testing. Multilevel multivariable models were used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for receiving an HCV antibody test, and costs were estimated using activity-based costing. The goal of this study was to estimate the effects of interventions conducted as part of the Birth-Cohort Evaluation to Advance Screening and Testing for Hepatitis C study on HCV testing and costs among persons of the 1945-1965 birth cohort (BC). Intervention resulted in substantially higher HCV testing rates compared with standard-of-care testing (26.9% versus 1.4% for repeated mailing, 30.9% versus 3.6% for BPA, and 63.5% versus 2.0% for patient solicitation) and significantly higher aRR for testing after controlling for sex, birth year, race, insurance type, and median household income (19.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.7-38.2] for repeated mailing, 13.2 [95% CI, 3.6-48.6] for BPA, and 32.9 [95% CI, 19.3-56.1] for patient solicitation). The BPA intervention had the lowest incremental cost per completed test ($24 with fixed startup costs, $3 without) and also the lowest incremental cost per new case identified after omitting fixed startup costs ($1691). HCV testing interventions resulted in an increase in BC testing compared with standard-of-care testing but also increased costs. The effect size and incremental costs of BPA intervention (excluding startup costs) support more widespread adoption compared with the other interventions. (Hepatology 2017;65:44-53). © 2016 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

  8. 40 CFR 53.21 - Test conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test conditions. 53.21 Section 53.21... Methods SO2, CO, O3, and NO2 § 53.21 Test conditions. (a) Set-up and start-up of the test analyzer shall... before beginning the tests. If the candidate method does not include an integral strip chart recorder...

  9. 40 CFR 86.135-90 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The... 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted... over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point, provided an emission sample is not...

  10. 40 CFR 86.135-90 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The... 505 seconds of the driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted... over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point, provided an emission sample is not...

  11. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... startup You must operate all CMS during startup. Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a... for any purpose. Startup ends when any of the steam from the boiler is used to generate electricity for sale over the grid or for any other purpose (including on site use). For startup of a unit, you...

  12. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... startup You must operate all CMS during startup. Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a... for any purpose. Startup ends when any of the steam from the boiler is used to generate electricity for sale over the grid or for any other purpose (including on site use). For startup of a unit, you...

  13. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Work Practice Standards

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... startup You must operate all CMS during startup. Startup means either the first-ever firing of fuel in a... for any purpose. Startup ends when any of the steam from the boiler is used to generate electricity for sale over the grid or for any other purpose (including on site use). For startup of a unit, you...

  14. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dorr, Kent A.; Ostrom, Michael J.; Freeman-Pollard, Jhivaun R.

    CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) designed, constructed, commissioned, and began operation of the largest groundwater pump and treatment facility in the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) nationwide complex. This one-of-a-kind groundwater pump and treatment facility, located at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation Site (Hanford Site) in Washington State, was built to an accelerated schedule with American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds. There were many contractual, technical, configuration management, quality, safety, and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) challenges associated with the design, procurement, construction, and commissioning of this $95 million, 52,000 ft groundwater pump and treatment facility tomore » meet DOE’s mission objective of treating contaminated groundwater at the Hanford Site with a new facility by June 28, 2012. The project team’s successful integration of the project’s core values and green energy technology throughout design, procurement, construction, and start-up of this complex, first-of-its-kind Bio Process facility resulted in successful achievement of DOE’s mission objective, as well as attainment of LEED GOLD certification, which makes this Bio Process facility the first non-administrative building in the DOE Office of Environmental Management complex to earn such an award.« less

  15. Understanding Excess Emissions from Industrial Facilities: Evidence from Texas.

    PubMed

    Zirogiannis, Nikolaos; Hollingsworth, Alex J; Konisky, David M

    2018-03-06

    We analyze excess emissions from industrial facilities in Texas using data from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Emissions are characterized as excess if they are beyond a facility's permitted levels and if they occur during startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. We provide summary data on both the pollutants most often emitted as excess emissions and the industrial sectors and facilities responsible for those emissions. Excess emissions often represent a substantial share of a facility's routine (or permitted) emissions. We find that while excess emissions events are frequent, the majority of excess emissions are emitted by the largest events. That is, the sum of emissions in the 96-100th percentile is often several orders of magnitude larger than the remaining excess emissions (i.e., the sum of emissions below the 95th percentile). Thus, the majority of events emit a small amount of pollution relative to the total amount emitted. In addition, a small group of high emitting facilities in the most polluting industrial sectors are responsible for the vast majority of excess emissions. Using an integrated assessment model, we estimate that the health damages in Texas from excess emissions are approximately $150 million annually.

  16. Non-Solenoidal Startup via Helicity Injection in the Pegasus ST

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bongard, M. W.; Bodner, G. M.; Burke, M. G.; Fonck, R. J.; Pachicano, J. L.; Perry, J. M.; Pierren, C.; Richner, N. J.; Rodriguez Sanchez, C.; Schlossberg, D. J.; Reusch, J. A.; Weberski, J. D.

    2017-10-01

    Research on the A 1 . 2 Pegasus ST is developing the physics and technology basis for optimal non-solenoidal tokamak startup. Recent work explores startup via Local Helicity Injection (LHI) using compact, multi-MW current sources placed at the plasma edge in the lower divertor region. This minimizes inductive drive from poloidal fields and dynamic shaping. Plasmas with Ip <= 200 kA, Δtpulse 20 ms and BT <= 0 . 15 T are produced to date, sustained by two injectors with Ainj = 4 cm2 , Vinj 1 . 5 kV, and Iinj 8 kA, facilitated by improvements to the injectors, limiters, and divertor plates that mitigate deleterious PMI. These plasmas feature anomalous, reconnection-driven ion heating with Ti >=Te >= 50 - 100 eV and large-amplitude MHD activity driven by the injectors. Under some conditions, MHD fluctuations abruptly decrease by over an order of magnitude without loss of LHI drive, improving realized Ip , and suggesting short-wavelength modes may relate to the current drive mechanism. The high IN >= 10 , ion heating, and low li driven by LHI, and the favorable stability of A 1 STs allows access to record βt 100 % and high βN 6 . 5 . Such high-βt plasmas have a minimum | B | well spanning 50 % of the plasma volume. Enhancements to the Pegasus facility are considered to increase BT towards NSTX-U levels; establish coaxial helicity injection capabilities; and add auxiliary heating and current drive. Work supported by US DOE Grant DE-FG02-96ER54375.

  17. Assessment of the LV-C2 Stack Sampling Probe Location for Compliance with ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Glissmeyer, John A.; Antonio, Ernest J.; Flaherty, Julia E.

    2015-09-01

    This document reports on a series of tests conducted to assess the proposed air sampling location for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) Low-Activity Waste (LAW) C2V (LV-C2) exhaust stack with respect to the applicable criteria regarding the placement of an air sampling probe. Federal regulations require that a sampling probe be located in the exhaust stack according to the criteria established by the American National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society (ANSI/HPS) N13.1-1999, Sampling and Monitoring Releases of Airborne Radioactive Substances from the Stack and Ducts of Nuclear Facilities. These criteria address the capability of the sampling probemore » to extract a sample that represents the effluent stream. The tests were conducted on the LV-C2 scale model system. Based on the scale model tests, the location proposed for the air sampling probe in the scale model stack meets the requirements of the ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999 standard for velocity uniformity, flow angle, gas tracer and particle tracer uniformity. Additional velocity uniformity and flow angle tests on the actual stack will be necessary during cold startup to confirm the validity of the scale model results in representing the actual stack.« less

  18. 40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for Existing, New, and Reconstructed Spark Ignition, 4SRB Stationary RICE...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must... the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate and safe loading of the engine, not to exceed 30 minutes, after which time the non-startup emission limitations apply.1 b. Limit the...

  19. 40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for Existing, New, and Reconstructed Spark Ignition, 4SRB Stationary RICE...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must... the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate and safe loading of the engine, not to exceed 30 minutes, after which time the non-startup emission limitations apply.1 b. Limit the...

  20. 40 CFR Table 1a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for Existing, New, and Reconstructed Spark Ignition, 4SRB Stationary RICE...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must... the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate and safe loading of the engine, not to exceed 30 minutes, after which time the non-startup emission limitations apply.1 b. Limit the...

  1. Uptake of Hepatitis C Screening, Characteristics of Patients Tested, and Intervention Costs in the BEST-C Study

    PubMed Central

    Brady, Joanne E.; Liffmann, Danielle K.; Yartel, Anthony; Kil, Natalie; Federman, Alex D.; Kannry, Joseph; Jordan, Cynthia; Massoud, Omar I.; Nerenz, David R; Brown, Kimberly A.; Smith, Bryce D.; Vellozzi, Claudia; Rein, David B.

    2017-01-01

    Background From December 2012-March 2014, three randomized trials, each implementing a unique intervention in primary care settings (mail recruitment [repeated-mailing], an electronic health record best practice alert [BPA], and patient-solicitation [patient-solicitation]), evaluated HCV antibody testing, diagnosis, and costs for each of the interventions compared to standard-of-care testing. Multilevel multivariable models were used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for receiving an HCV antibody test, and costs were estimated using activity-based costing. Rationale To estimate the effects of interventions conducted as part of the Birth-cohort Evaluation to Advance Screening and Testing for Hepatitis C study on hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and costs among persons of the 1945–1965 birth-cohort (BC). Main Results Intervention resulted in substantially higher HCV testing rates compared to standard-of-care (26.9% vs. 1.4% for repeated-mailing, 30.9% vs. 3.6% for BPA, and 63.5% vs. 2.0% for patient-solicitation), and significantly higher aRR for testing after controlling for sex, birth year, race, insurance type, and median household income (19.2 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.7–38.2] for repeated-mailing, 13.2 [95% CI 3.6–48.6] for BPA, and 32.9 [95% CI 19.3–56.1] for patient-solicitation). The BPA intervention had the lowest incremental cost per completed test ($24 with fixed startup costs, $3 without) and also the lowest incremental cost per new case identified after omitting fixed startup costs ($1,691). Conclusion HCV testing interventions resulted in an increase in BC testing compared to standard-of-care but also increased costs. The effect size and incremental costs of BPA intervention (excluding startup costs) support more widespread adoption compared to the other interventions. PMID:27770543

  2. PossybliCom, a Commercially Viable Personal Navigator for Blind People

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bavaro, M.; Citterico, D.; Dionisio, C.; van Eijck, D.

    2007-08-01

    Disaps vof is a Dutch start-up Company which is born as spin-off from the Italian company Intecs S.p.A.. Disaps is working on a project called PossybliCom, which is the acronym of Positioning System for Blind, and it is developing wearable navigation equipment for visually impaired or in general people withself- localization problems. Other secondary markets could be thought of as well, such as peoplesuffering from Alzheimer or having temporary memory or consciousness losses. Even peoplehaving experienced problems like TIA (Transient Ischemic Attacks) or faints would need a highlyaccessible device knowing always the way home. PossybliCom is a contribution to further enhance these users' confidence in independent travelling by providing them with a more precise description of the surroundings they are in. A business feasibility study demonstrated how, under certain key restrictions on the system architecture,the product has a high potential for disabled people as well as for the others when specialenvironmental conditions apply. Main issues could be easily identified as accessibility, portability, ease of use, fast learning curve. The European Space Agency's business incubation facility ESI in Noordwijk is supporting the start-up project with physical incubation, which includes office space and shared facilities as well as access to services and the know-how of ESA staff. Once part of the business incubation programme, for aperiod of 6 months the company shall demonstrate the market feasibility and produce a detailed workplan for prototyping.

  3. Genetic Counselors in Startup Companies: Redefining the Genetic Counselor Role.

    PubMed

    Rabideau, Marina M; Wong, Kenny; Gordon, Erynn S; Ryan, Lauren

    2016-08-01

    Genetic counselors (GCs) have recently begun moving into non-clinic based roles in increasing numbers. A relatively new role for GCs is working for startup companies. Startups are newly established companies in the phase of developing and researching new scalable businesses. This article explores the experiences of four GCs working at different startup companies and aims to provide resources for GCs interested in learning more about these types of roles. The article describes startup culture, including a relatively flat organizational structure, quick product iterations, and flexibility, among other unique cultural characteristics. Financial considerations are described, including how to understand and evaluate a company's financial status, along with a brief explanation of alternate forms of compensation including stock options and equity. Specifically, the article details the uncertainties and rewards of working in a fast-paced startup environment that affords opportunities to try new roles and use the genetic counseling skill set in new ways. This article aims to aid GCs in determining whether a startup environment would be a good fit, learning how to evaluate a specific startup, and understanding how to market themselves for positions at startups.

  4. Proposed Design and Operation of a Heat Pipe Reactor using the Sandia National Laboratories Annular Core Test Facility and Existing UZrH Fuel Pins

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wright, Steven A.; Lipinski, Ronald J.; Pandya, Tara

    2005-02-06

    Heat Pipe Reactors (HPR) for space power conversion systems offer a number of advantages not easily provided by other systems. They require no pumping, their design easily deals with freezing and thawing of the liquid metal, and they can provide substantial levels of redundancy. Nevertheless, no reactor has ever been operated and cooled with heat pipes, and the startup and other operational characteristics of these systems remain largely unknown. Signification deviations from normal reactor heat removal mechanisms exist, because the heat pipes have fundamental heat removal limits due to sonic flow issues at low temperatures. This paper proposes an earlymore » prototypic test of a Heat Pipe Reactor (using existing 20% enriched nuclear fuel pins) to determine the operational characteristics of the HPR. The proposed design is similar in design to the HOMER and SAFE-300 HPR designs (Elliot, Lipinski, and Poston, 2003; Houts, et. al, 2003). However, this reactor uses existing UZrH fuel pins that are coupled to potassium heat pipes modules. The prototype reactor would be located in the Sandia Annular Core Research Reactor Facility where the fuel pins currently reside. The proposed reactor would use the heat pipes to transport the heat from the UZrH fuel pins to a water pool above the core, and the heat transport to the water pool would be controlled by adjusting the pressure and gas type within a small annulus around each heat pipe. The reactor would operate as a self-critical assembly at power levels up to 200 kWth. Because the nuclear heated HPR test uses existing fuel and because it would be performed in an existing facility with the appropriate safety authorization basis, the test could be performed rapidly and inexpensively. This approach makes it possible to validate the operation of a HPR and also measure the feedback mechanisms for a typical HPR design. A test of this nature would be the world's first operating Heat Pipe Reactor. This reactor is therefore called 'HPR-1'.« less

  5. Experimental results with fuel cell start-up and shut-down. Impact of type of carbon for cathode catalyst support

    DOE PAGES

    Lottin, Olivier; Dillet, Jerome; Maranzana, Gael; ...

    2015-09-14

    Separate testing protocols for fuel cell startups and shutdowns were developed to distinguish between their effects on reverse currents and CO 2 evolution. The internal currents and the local potentials were measured with different membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs): we examined the influence of the type of carbon for cathode catalyst support as well as the mitigating effect of low anode Pt loading. In conclusion, significant differences were observed and the experiments also confirmed previous results that the evolved CO 2 accounts for less than 25% of the total exchanged charge.

  6. Experimental results with fuel cell start-up and shut-down. Impact of type of carbon for cathode catalyst support

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lottin, Olivier; Dillet, Jerome; Maranzana, Gael

    Separate testing protocols for fuel cell startups and shutdowns were developed to distinguish between their effects on reverse currents and CO 2 evolution. The internal currents and the local potentials were measured with different membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs): we examined the influence of the type of carbon for cathode catalyst support as well as the mitigating effect of low anode Pt loading. In conclusion, significant differences were observed and the experiments also confirmed previous results that the evolved CO 2 accounts for less than 25% of the total exchanged charge.

  7. A Gas-Cooled-Reactor Closed-Brayton-Cycle Demonstration with Nuclear Heating

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lipinski, Ronald J.; Wright, Steven A.; Dorsey, Daniel J.; Peters, Curtis D.; Brown, Nicholas; Williamson, Joshua; Jablonski, Jennifer

    2005-02-01

    A gas-cooled reactor may be coupled directly to turbomachinery to form a closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) system in which the CBC working fluid serves as the reactor coolant. Such a system has the potential to be a very simple and robust space-reactor power system. Gas-cooled reactors have been built and operated in the past, but very few have been coupled directly to the turbomachinery in this fashion. In this paper we describe the option for testing such a system with a small reactor and turbomachinery at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia currently operates the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) at steady-state powers up to 4 MW and has an adjacent facility with heavy shielding in which another reactor recently operated. Sandia also has a closed-Brayton-Cycle test bed with a converted commercial turbomachinery unit that is rated for up to 30 kWe of power. It is proposed to construct a small experimental gas-cooled reactor core and attach this via ducting to the CBC turbomachinery for cooling and electricity production. Calculations suggest that such a unit could produce about 20 kWe, which would be a good power level for initial surface power units on the Moon or Mars. The intent of this experiment is to demonstrate the stable start-up and operation of such a system. Of particular interest is the effect of a negative temperature power coefficient as the initially cold Brayton gas passes through the core during startup or power changes. Sandia's dynamic model for such a system would be compared with the performance data. This paper describes the neutronics, heat transfer, and cycle dynamics of this proposed system. Safety and radiation issues are presented. The views expressed in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect agreement by the government.

  8. Apel - Applied Process Engineering Laboratory

    Science.gov Websites

    startup and testing Equipment can be quickly connected to building services and effluent systems. A professional, regulated environment for bringing forth new product processes and services. Testing shortens the support Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) scientists, engineers, and other professional staff

  9. 40 CFR 86.235-94 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point for the purpose of finding the... make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving... preselectable power settings may be set anytime prior to the beginning of the emission test. (g) The driving...

  10. 40 CFR 86.235-94 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point for the purpose of finding the... make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving... preselectable power settings may be set anytime prior to the beginning of the emission test. (g) The driving...

  11. 40 CFR 86.235-94 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test point for the purpose of finding the... make a complete cold start test. Engine startup and operation over the first 505 seconds of the driving... preselectable power settings may be set anytime prior to the beginning of the emission test. (g) The driving...

  12. 40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

  13. 40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

  14. 40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., except during periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in... practice requirements are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup...

  15. 40 CFR 63.1111 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. 63.1111 Section 63.1111 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... Control Technology Standards § 63.1111 Startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (a) Startup, shutdown, and...

  16. Summer Institute for High School Teachers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maheswaranathan, Ponn; Calloway, Cliff

    2008-04-01

    We have conducted again a summer institute for high-school teachers in South Carolina at Winthrop University. The target audience were 9th grade physical science teachers in schools within a 50-mile radius from Winthrop. We developed a graduate level physics professional development course covering selected topics from the physics and chemistry content areas of the South Carolina Science Standards. Delivery of the material included the traditional lectures and the following innovative approaches in science teaching: hands-on experiments, group activities, computer based data collection, group discussions, and presentations. Two master teachers assisted us during the delivery of the course which took place in June 20-29, 2007 using Winthrop facilities. Requested funds were used for the following: salary for us and master teachers, contract course fee, some of the participants' room and board, startup equipment for all the teachers, and indirect costs to Winthrop University. Startup equipment included Pasco's stand-alone and portable Xplorer GLX interface and sensors (temperature, voltage, pH, pressure, motion, and sound). What we learned and ideas for continued K-12 teacher preparation initiatives will be presented.

  17. Optimal control of M/M/1 two-phase queueing system with state-dependent arrival rate, server breakdowns, delayed repair, and N-policy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rao, Hanumantha; Kumar, Vasanta; Srinivasa Rao, T.; Srinivasa Kumar, B.

    2018-04-01

    In this paper, we examine a two-stage queueing system where the arrivals are Poisson with rate depends on the condition of the server to be specific: vacation, pre-service, operational or breakdown state. The service station is liable to breakdowns and deferral in repair because of non-accessibility of the repair facility. The service is in two basic stages, the first being bulk service to every one of the customers holding up on the line and the second stage is individual to each of them. The server works under N-policy. The server needs preliminary time (startup time) to begin batch service after a vacation period. Startup times, uninterrupted service times, the length of each vacation period, delay times and service times follows an exponential distribution. The closed form of expressions for the mean system size at different conditions of the server is determined. Numerical investigations are directed to concentrate the impact of the system parameters on the ideal limit N and the minimum base expected unit cost.

  18. SOURCELESS STARTUP. A MACHINE CODE FOR COMPUTING LOW-SOURCE REACTOR STARTUPS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    MacMillan, D.B.

    1960-06-01

    >A revision to the sourceless start-up code is presented. The code solves a system of differential equations encountered in computing the probability distribution of activity at an observed power level during reactor start-up from a very low source level. (J.R.D.)

  19. 40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in § 63.2251. The... are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup and shutdown...

  20. 40 CFR 63.2250 - What are the general requirements?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... periods of process unit or control device startup, shutdown, and malfunction; prior to process unit initial startup; and during the routine control device maintenance exemption specified in § 63.2251. The... are not operating, or during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. Startup and shutdown...

  1. Impact of chemical plant start-up emissions on ambient ozone concentration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ge, Sijie; Wang, Sujing; Xu, Qiang; Ho, Thomas

    2017-09-01

    Flare emissions, especially start-up flare emissions, during chemical plant operations generate large amounts of ozone precursors that may cause highly localized and transient ground-level ozone increment. Such an adverse ozone impact could be aggravated by the synergies of multiple plant start-ups in an industrial zone. In this paper, a systematic study on ozone increment superposition due to chemical plant start-up emissions has been performed. It employs dynamic flaring profiles of two olefin plants' start-ups to investigate the superposition of the regional 1-hr ozone increment. It also summaries the superposition trend by manipulating the starting time (00:00-10:00) of plant start-up operations and the plant distance (4-32 km). The study indicates that the ozone increment induced by simultaneous start-up emissions from multiple chemical plants generally does not follow the linear superposition of the ozone increment induced by individual plant start-ups. Meanwhile, the trend of such nonlinear superposition related to the temporal (starting time and operating hours of plant start-ups) and spatial (plant distance) factors is also disclosed. This paper couples dynamic simulations of chemical plant start-up operations with air-quality modeling and statistical methods to examine the regional ozone impact. It could be helpful for technical decision support for cost-effective air-quality and industrial flare emission controls.

  2. Closed-form analytical solutions of high-temperature heat pipe startup and frozen startup limitation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cao, Y.; Faghri, A.

    1992-01-01

    Previous numerical and experimental studies indicate that the high-temperature heat pipe startup process is characterized by a moving hot zone with relatively sharp fronts. Based on the above observation, a flat-front model for an approximate analytical solution is proposed. A closed-form solution related to the temperature distribution in the hot zone and the hot zone length as a function of time are obtained. The analytical results agree well with the corresponding experimental data, and provide a quick prediction method for the heat pipe startup performance. Finally, a heat pipe limitation related to the frozen startup process is identified, and an explicit criterion for the high-temperature heat pipe startup is derived. The frozen startup limit identified in this paper provides a fundamental guidance for high-temperature heat pipe design.

  3. Methods for increasing the rate of anammox attachment in a sidestream deammonification MBBR.

    PubMed

    Klaus, Stephanie; McLee, Patrick; Schuler, Andrew J; Bott, Charles

    2016-01-01

    Deammonification (partial nitritation-anammox) is a proven process for the treatment of high-nitrogen waste streams, but long startup time is a known drawback of this technology. In a deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), startup time could potentially be decreased by increasing the attachment rate of anammox bacteria (AMX) on virgin plastic media. Previous studies have shown that bacterial adhesion rates can be increased by surface modification or by the development of a preliminary biofilm. This is the first study on increasing AMX attachment rates in a deammonification MBBR using these methods. Experimental media consisted of three different wet-chemical surface treatments, and also media transferred from a full-scale mainstream fully nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. Following startup of a full-scale deammonification reactor, the experimental media were placed in the full-scale reactor and removed for activity rate measurements and biomass testing after 1 and 2 months. The media transferred from the IFAS process exhibited a rapid increase in AMX activity rates (1.1 g/m(2)/day NH(4)(+) removal and 1.4 g/m(2)/day NO(2)(-) removal) as compared to the control (0.2 g/m(2)/day NH(4)(+) removal and 0.1 g/m(2)/day NO(2)(-) removal) after 1 month. Two out of three of the surface modifications resulted in significantly higher AMX activity than the control at 1 and 2 months. No nitrite oxidizing bacteria activity was detected in either the surface modified media or IFAS media batch tests. The results indicate that startup time of a deammonification MBBR could potentially be decreased through surface modification of the plastic media or through the transfer of media from a mature IFAS process.

  4. Initial application of a dual-sweep streak camera to the Duke storage ring OK-4 source

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lumpkin, A.H.; Yang, B.X.; Litvinenko, V.

    1997-08-01

    The visible and UV spontaneous emission radiation (SER) from the Duke OK-4 wiggler has been used with a Hamamatsu C5680 dual-sweep streak camera to characterize the stored electron beams. Particle beam energies of 270 and 500 MeV in the Duke storage ring were used in this initial application with the OK-4 adjusted to generate wavelengths from 500 nm to near 200 nm. The OK-4 magnetic system with its 68 periods provided a much stronger radiation source than a nearby bending magnet source point. Sensitivity to single-bunch, single-turn SER was shown down to 4 {mu}A beam current at {lambda} = 450more » nm. The capability of seeing second passes in the FEL resonator at a wavelength near 200 nm was used to assess the cavity length versus orbit length. These tests (besides supporting preparation for UV-visible SR FEL startups) are also relevant to possible diagnostics techniques for single-pass FEL prototype facilities.« less

  5. Support for HLW Direct Feed - Phase 2, VSL-15R3440-1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matlack, K. S.; Pegg, I.; Joseph, I.

    This report describes work performed to develop and test new glass and feed formulations originating from a potential flow-sheet for the direct vitrification of High Level Waste (HLW) with minimal or no pretreatment. In the HLW direct feed option that is under consideration for early operations at the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), the pretreatment facility would be bypassed in order to support an earlier start-up of the vitrification facility. For HLW, this would mean that the ultrafiltration and caustic leaching operations that would otherwise have been performed in the pretreatment facility would either not be performedmore » or would be replaced by an interim pretreatment function (in-tank leaching and settling, for example). These changes would likely affect glass formulations and waste loadings and have impacts on the downstream vitrification operations. Modification of the pretreatment process may result in: (i) Higher aluminum contents if caustic leaching is not performed; (ii) Higher chromium contents if oxidative leaching is not performed; (iii) A higher fraction of supernate in the HLW feed resulting from the lower efficiency of in-tank washing; and (iv) A higher water content due to the likely lower effectiveness of in-tank settling compared to ultrafiltration. The HLW direct feed option has also been proposed as a potential route for treating HLW streams that contain the highest concentrations of fast-settling plutoniumcontaining particles, thereby avoiding some of the potential issues associated with such particles in the WTP Pretreatment facility [1]. In response, the work presented herein focuses on the impacts of increased supernate and water content on wastes from one of the candidate source tanks for the direct feed option that is high in plutonium.« less

  6. 40 CFR 86.535-90 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... minutes. Engine startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the driving schedule, and engine... driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a... Administrator. (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test points, provided...

  7. 40 CFR 86.535-90 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... minutes. Engine startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the driving schedule, and engine... driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a... Administrator. (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test points, provided...

  8. 40 CFR 86.535-90 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... minutes. Engine startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the driving schedule, and engine... driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a... Administrator. (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test points, provided...

  9. 40 CFR 86.535-90 - Dynamometer procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... minutes. Engine startup (with all accessories turned off), operation over the driving schedule, and engine... driving schedule complete the hot start test. The exhaust emissions are diluted with ambient air and a... Administrator. (d) Practice runs over the prescribed driving schedule may be performed at test points, provided...

  10. 40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

  11. 40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

  12. 40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

  13. 40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

  14. 40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

  15. 40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

  16. 40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 15 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

  17. 40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

  18. 40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

  19. 40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

  20. 40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

  1. 40 CFR 65.6 - Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Startup, shutdown, and malfunction... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL AIR RULE General Provisions § 65.6 Startup... Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. (b) Startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan—(1) Description and...

  2. 40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

  3. 40 CFR 68.77 - Pre-startup review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pre-startup review. 68.77 Section 68...) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.77 Pre-startup review. (a) The owner or operator shall perform a pre-startup safety review for new stationary sources and for modified...

  4. 40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

  5. 40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

  6. 40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

  7. 40 CFR 60.3025 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. Model Rule—Performance...

  8. 40 CFR 61.09 - Notification of startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Notification of startup. 61.09 Section...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS General Provisions § 61.09 Notification of startup. (a) The owner or operator of each stationary source which has an initial startup after the effective...

  9. SAMICS support study. Volume 1: Cost account catalog

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1977-01-01

    The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is examining the feasibility of a new industry to produce photovoltaic solar energy collectors similar to those used on spacecraft. To do this, a standardized costing procedure was developed. The Solar Array Manufacturing Industry Costing Standards (SAMICS) support study supplies the following information: (1) SAMICS critique; (2) Standard data base--cost account structure, expense item costs, inflation rates, indirect requirements relationships, and standard financial parameter values; (3) Facilities capital cost estimating relationships; (4) Conceptual plant designs; (5) Construction lead times; (6) Production start-up times; (7) Manufacturing price estimates.

  10. Hypergol Maintenance Facility Hazardous Waste South Staging Areas, SWMU 070

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilson, Deborah M.; Miller, Ralinda R.

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this CMI Year 9 AGWMR is to present the actions taken and results obtained during the ninth year of implementation of Corrective Measures (CM) at HMF. Groundwater monitoring activities were conducted in accordance with the CMI Work Plan (Tetra Tech, 2005a) and CMI Site-Specific Safety and Health Plan (Tetra Tech, 2005b). Groundwater monitoring activities detailed in this Year 9 report include pre-startup sampling in February 2014(prior to restarting the air sparging system) and quarterly performance monitoring in March, July, and September 2014.

  11. Biofilm development during the start-up period of anaerobic biofilm reactors: the biofilm Archaea community is highly dependent on the support material

    PubMed Central

    Habouzit, Frédéric; Hamelin, Jérôme; Santa-Catalina, Gaëlle; Steyer, Jean-P; Bernet, Nicolas

    2014-01-01

    To evaluate the impact of the nature of the support material on its colonization by a methanogenic consortium, four substrata made of different materials: polyvinyl chloride, 2 polyethylene and polypropylene were tested during the start-up of lab-scale fixed-film reactors. The reactor performances were evaluated and compared together with the analysis of the biofilms. Biofilm growth was quantified and the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities were characterized by molecular fingerprinting profiles (capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism). The composition of the inoculum was shown to have a major impact on the bacterial composition of the biofilm, whatever the nature of the support material or the organic loading rate applied to the reactors during the start-up period. In contrast, the biofilm archaeal populations were independent of the inoculum used but highly dependent on the support material. Supports favouring Archaea colonization, the limiting factor in the overall process, should be preferred. PMID:24612643

  12. Study on Self-start up of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Stack at Subzero Temperature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shirato, Hiroyasu; Hoshina, Hideo; Yamakoshi, Yukiyasu; Tomita, Kazuhiko; Oka, Yoshiaki

    This paper aims to boot up polymer electrolyte fuel cells at subzero temperature without energy from outside and compass the conditions. Visualization tests of water drainage and voltage-current density characteristics provided the selection of a serpentine type as a channel of a fuel cell separator for cold region. The successful start-up of the cell at subzero temperature requires suitable current densities corresponding to the ambient temperature since the lower the temperature is, the lower the cell voltage soon after the start-up is. Suitable amount of exhausted energy is also necessary for the successful self start-up. Humidification using potassium acetate 30 mass% solution provides increased impedance of the cell and inhibits the water freezing owing to its dispersal to the electrode compared to no humidification. A stack laminated 25 sheets of the serpentine type separators enables stabilized power generation at normal temperature. The stack is also bootable with no energy from outside at 263K.

  13. Technical and design update in the AUBE French low-level radioactive waste disposal facility

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Marque, Y.

    1989-01-01

    Long-term industrial management of radioactive waste in France is carried out by the Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Dechets Radioactifs (ANDRA). ANDRA is in charge of design, siting, construction, and operation of disposal centers. The solution selected in France for the disposal of low- and medium-level, short-lived radioactive waste is near-surface disposal in the earth using the principle of multiple barriers, in accordance with national safety rules and regulations, and based on operating experience from the Centre de Stockage de la Manche. Since the center's start-up in 1969, 400,000 m{sup 3} of waste have been disposed of. The Frenchmore » national program for waste management is proceeding with the construction of a second near-surface disposal, which is expected to be operational in 1991. It is located in the department of AUBE (from which its name derives), 100 miles southeast of Paris. The paper describes the criteria for siting and design of the AUBE disposal facility, design of the AUBE facility disposal module, and comparison with North Carolina and Pennsylvania disposal facility designs.« less

  14. Coupled reactor kinetics and heat transfer model for heat pipe cooled reactors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wright, Steven A.; Houts, Michael

    2001-02-01

    Heat pipes are often proposed as cooling system components for small fission reactors. SAFE-300 and STAR-C are two reactor concepts that use heat pipes as an integral part of the cooling system. Heat pipes have been used in reactors to cool components within radiation tests (Deverall, 1973); however, no reactor has been built or tested that uses heat pipes solely as the primary cooling system. Heat pipe cooled reactors will likely require the development of a test reactor to determine the main differences in operational behavior from forced cooled reactors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a systems code capable of modeling the coupling between the reactor kinetics and heat pipe controlled heat transport. Heat transport in heat pipe reactors is complex and highly system dependent. Nevertheless, in general terms it relies on heat flowing from the fuel pins through the heat pipe, to the heat exchanger, and then ultimately into the power conversion system and heat sink. A system model is described that is capable of modeling coupled reactor kinetics phenomena, heat transfer dynamics within the fuel pins, and the transient behavior of heat pipes (including the melting of the working fluid). This paper focuses primarily on the coupling effects caused by reactor feedback and compares the observations with forced cooled reactors. A number of reactor startup transients have been modeled, and issues such as power peaking, and power-to-flow mismatches, and loading transients were examined, including the possibility of heat flow from the heat exchanger back into the reactor. This system model is envisioned as a tool to be used for screening various heat pipe cooled reactor concepts, for designing and developing test facility requirements, for use in safety evaluations, and for developing test criteria for in-pile and out-of-pile test facilities. .

  15. Fractal dimension and fuzzy logic systems for broken rotor bar detection in induction motors at start-up and steady-state regimes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amezquita-Sanchez, Juan P.; Valtierra-Rodriguez, Martin; Perez-Ramirez, Carlos A.; Camarena-Martinez, David; Garcia-Perez, Arturo; Romero-Troncoso, Rene J.

    2017-07-01

    Squirrel-cage induction motors (SCIMs) are key machines in many industrial applications. In this regard, the monitoring of their operating condition aiming at avoiding damage and reducing economical losses has become a demanding task for industry. In the literature, several techniques and methodologies to detect faults that affect the integrity and performance of SCIMs have been proposed. However, they have only been focused on analyzing either the start-up transient or the steady-state operation regimes, two common operating scenarios in real practice. In this work, a novel methodology for broken rotor bar (BRB) detection in SCIMs during both start-up and steady-state operation regimes is proposed. It consists of two main steps. In the first one, the analysis of three-axis vibration signals using fractal dimension (FD) theory is carried out. Since different FD-based algorithms can give different results, three algorithms named Katz’ FD, Higuchi’s FD, and box dimension, are tested. In the second step, a fuzzy logic system for each regime is presented for automatic diagnosis. To validate the proposal, a motor with different damage levels has been tested: one with a partially BRB, a second with one fully BRB, and the third with two BRBs. The obtained results demonstrate the proposed effectiveness.

  16. An analysis of the sliding pressure start-up of SCWR

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, F.; Yang, J.; Li, H.

    In this paper, the preliminary sliding pressure start-up system and scheme of supercritical water-cooled reactor in CGNPC (CGN-SCWR) were proposed. Thermal-hydraulic behavior in start-up procedures was analyzed in detail by employing advanced reactor subchannel analysis software ATHAS. The maximum cladding temperature (MCT for short) and core power of fuel assembly during the whole start-up process were investigated comparatively. The results show that the recommended start-up scheme meets the design requirements from the perspective of thermal-hydraulic. (authors)

  17. Lessons Learned from the 200 West Pump and Treatment Facility Construction Project at the US DOE Hanford Site - A Leadership for Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold-Certified Facility - 13113

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dorr, Kent A.; Freeman-Pollard, Jhivaun R.; Ostrom, Michael J.

    CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company (CHPRC) designed, constructed, commissioned, and began operation of the largest groundwater pump and treatment facility in the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) nationwide complex. This one-of-a-kind groundwater pump and treatment facility, located at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation Site (Hanford Site) in Washington State, was built to an accelerated schedule with American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds. There were many contractual, technical, configuration management, quality, safety, and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) challenges associated with the design, procurement, construction, and commissioning of this $95 million, 52,000 ft groundwater pump and treatment facility tomore » meet DOE's mission objective of treating contaminated groundwater at the Hanford Site with a new facility by June 28, 2012. The project team's successful integration of the project's core values and green energy technology throughout design, procurement, construction, and start-up of this complex, first-of-its-kind Bio Process facility resulted in successful achievement of DOE's mission objective, as well as attainment of LEED GOLD certification (Figure 1), which makes this Bio Process facility the first non-administrative building in the DOE Office of Environmental Management complex to earn such an award. (authors)« less

  18. 78 FR 73753 - Partnerships; Start-Up Expenditures; Organization and Syndication Fees

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-09

    ... deduct start-up expenditures in the taxable year in which the active trade or business begins. The amount... begins. All start-up expenditures that relate to the active trade or business are considered in...(b) to amortize start-up expenditures for the taxable year in which the active trade or business to...

  19. 40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  20. 40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Reporting § 60.2953 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s...

  1. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

  2. 40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  3. 40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each...

  4. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

  5. 40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each...

  6. 40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning...

  7. 40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., 2001 Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You... startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning capacity. (c) The...

  8. 40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  9. 40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  10. 40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  11. 40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  12. 40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

  13. 40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning...

  14. 40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning...

  15. 40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups...

  16. 40 CFR 60.2685 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup...-Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2685 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and... startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3 hours. Effective Date...

  17. 40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  18. 40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned...

  19. 40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

  20. 40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  1. 40 CFR 60.2120 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... 1, 2001 Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2120 What happens during periods of startup... during CISWI unit startups, shutdowns, or malfunctions. (b) Each malfunction must last no longer than 3...

  2. 40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  3. 40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  4. 40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Aaaa of... - Applicability of NESHAP General Provisions to Subpart AAAA

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... constructed, and reconstructed sources 63.6(e) Operation and maintenance requirements, startup, shutdown and... taken during a startup, shutdown and malfunction plan are consistent with the procedures in the startup, shutdown and malfunction plan, this information shall be included in a semi-annual startup, shutdown and...

  5. 40 CFR 60.2953 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2953 Section 60.2953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... and Reporting § 60.2953 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s...

  6. 40 CFR 62.15165 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 62.15165 Section 62.15165 Protection of Environment... emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  7. 40 CFR 60.1205 - What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1205 Section 60.1205 Protection of... requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or...

  8. 40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., 2001 Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You... startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning capacity. (c) The...

  9. 40 CFR 60.2918 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Emission Limitations and Operating Limits § 60.2918 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during OSWI unit startups...

  10. 40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  11. 40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  12. 40 CFR 60.1710 - What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.1710 Section 60.1710 Protection of Environment... during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  13. 40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY..., 2001 Recordkeeping and Reporting § 60.2195 What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You... startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned. (b) The maximum design waste burning capacity. (c) The...

  14. 40 CFR 60.2195 - What information must I submit prior to initial startup?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... initial startup? 60.2195 Section 60.2195 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... What information must I submit prior to initial startup? You must submit the information specified in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section prior to initial startup. (a) The type(s) of waste to be burned...

  15. 40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application for approval of construction... major affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which...); (iii) Anticipated date of startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5...

  16. 40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... has been reconstructed such that it is an affected source, that has an initial startup after the... source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application... startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5), after the effective date of...

  17. 40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application for approval of construction... major affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which...); (iii) Anticipated date of startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5...

  18. 40 CFR 63.1515 - Notifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which an application for approval of construction... major affected source that has an initial startup after the effective date of this subpart and for which...); (iii) Anticipated date of startup; and (iv) Actual date of startup. (4) As required by § 63.9(b)(5...

  19. 40 CFR 86.1324-84 - Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Exhaust Test Procedures § 86.1324-84 Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration. Prior to its introduction into...) Follow good engineering practices for instrument start-up and operation. Adjust the analyzer to optimize...

  20. High-temperature catalyst for catalytic combustion and decomposition

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mays, Jeffrey A. (Inventor); Lohner, Kevin A. (Inventor); Sevener, Kathleen M. (Inventor); Jensen, Jeff J. (Inventor)

    2005-01-01

    A robust, high temperature mixed metal oxide catalyst for propellant composition, including high concentration hydrogen peroxide, and catalytic combustion, including methane air mixtures. The uses include target, space, and on-orbit propulsion systems and low-emission terrestrial power and gas generation. The catalyst system requires no special preheat apparatus or special sequencing to meet start-up requirements, enabling a fast overall response time. Start-up transients of less than 1 second have been demonstrated with catalyst bed and propellant temperatures as low as 50 degrees Fahrenheit. The catalyst system has consistently demonstrated high decomposition effeciency, extremely low decomposition roughness, and long operating life on multiple test particles.

  1. Plan of Action: JASPER Management Prestart Review (Surrogate Material Experiment)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cooper, W E

    2000-12-05

    The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) Facility is being developed at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) to conduct shock physics experiments on special nuclear material and other actinide materials. JASPER will use a two-stage, light-gas gun to shoot projectiles at actinide targets. Projectile velocities will range from 1 to 8 km/s, inducing pressures in the target material up to 6 Mbar. The JASPER gas gun has been designed to match the critical dimensions of the two-stage, light-gas gun in Building 341 of LLNL. The goal in copying the LLNL gun design is tomore » take advantage of the extensive ballistics database that exists and to minimize the effort spent on gun characterization in the initial facility start-up. A siting study conducted by an inter-Laboratory team identified Able Site in Area 27 of the NTS as the best location for the JASPER gas gun. Able Site consists of three major buildings that had previously been used to support the nuclear test program. In April 1999, Able Site was decommissioned as a Nuclear Explosive Assembly Facility and turned back to the DOE for other uses. Construction and facility modifications at Able Site to support the JASPER project started in April 1999 and were completed in September 1999. The gas gun and the secondary confinement chamber (SCC) were installed in early 2000. During the year, all facility and operational systems were brought on line. Initial system integration demonstrations were completed in September 2000. The facility is anticipated to be operational by August 2001, and the expected life cycle for the facility is 10 years. LLNL Nevada Experiments and Operations (N) Program has established a Management Prestart Review (MPR) team to determine the readiness of the JASPER personnel and facilities to initiate surrogate-material experiments. The review coincides with the completion of authorization-basis documents and physical subsystems, which have undergone appropriate formal engineering design reviews. This MPR will affirm the quality of those reviews, their findings/resolutions, and will look most closely at systems integration requirements and demonstrations that will have undergone technical acceptance reviews before the formal MPR action. Closure of MPR findings will finalize requirements for a DOE/NV Real Estate/Operations Permit (REOP) for surrogate-material experiments. Upon completion of that experiment series and the establishment of capabilities for incorporating SNM into future experiments, the team will convene again as part of the process of authorizing those activities.« less

  2. Plan of Action: JASPER Management Prestart Review (Surrogate Material Experiments)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cooper, W.E.

    2000-09-29

    The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Joint Actinide Shock Physics Experimental Research (JASPER) Facility is being developed at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) to conduct shock physics experiments on special nuclear material and other actinide materials. JASPER will use a two-stage, light-gas gun to shoot projectiles at actinide targets. Projectile velocities will range from 1 to 8 km/s, inducing pressures in the target material up to 6 Mbar. The JASPER gas gun has been designed to match the critical dimensions of the two-stage, light-gas gun in Building 341 of LLNL. The goal in copying the LLNL gun design is tomore » take advantage of the extensive ballistics database that exists and to minimize the effort spent on gun characterization in the initial facility start-up. A siting study conducted by an inter-Laboratory team identified Able Site in Area 27 of the NTS as the best location for the JASPER gas gun. Able Site consists of three major buildings that had previously been used to support the nuclear test program. In April 1999, Able Site was decommissioned as a Nuclear Explosive Assembly Facility and turned back to the DOE for other uses. Construction and facility modifications at Able Site to support the JASPER project started in April 1999 and were completed in September 1999. The gas gun and the secondary confinement chamber (SCC) were installed in early 2000. During the year, all facility and operational systems were brought on line. Initial system integration demonstrations were completed in September 2000. The facility is anticipated to be operational by August 2001, and the expected life cycle for the facility is 10 years. LLNL Nevada Experiments and Operations (N) Program has established a Management Prestart Review (MPR) team to determine the readiness of the JASPER personnel and facilities to initiate surrogate-material experiments. The review coincides with the completion of authorization-basis documents and physical subsystems, which have undergone appropriate formal engineering design reviews. This MPR will affirm the quality of those reviews, their findings/resolutions, and will look most closely at systems integration requirements and demonstrations that will have undergone technical acceptance reviews before the formal MPR action. Closure of MPR findings will finalize requirements for a DOE/NV Real Estate/Operations Permit (REOP) for surrogate-material experiments. Upon completion of that experiment series and the establishment of capabilities for incorporating SNM into future experiments, the team will convene again as part of the process of authorizing those activities.« less

  3. 26 CFR 1.195-1T - Election to amortize start-up expenditures (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... business, or $5,000 (reduced (but not below zero) by the amount by which the start-up expenditures exceed... beginning with the month in which the active trade or business begins. All start-up expenditures that relate to the active trade or business are considered in determining whether the start-up expenditures...

  4. 40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

  5. 40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

  6. 30 CFR 250.1917 - What criteria for pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What criteria for pre-startup review must be in... pre-startup review must be in my SEMS program? Your SEMS program must require that the commissioning process include a pre-startup safety and environmental review for new and significantly modified...

  7. 40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

  8. 40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

  9. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  10. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  11. 40 CFR 62.14645 - What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What happens during periods of startup... Limits § 62.14645 What happens during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? (a) The emission limitations and operating limits apply at all times except during periods of CISWI unit startup, shutdown, or...

  12. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  13. 40 CFR 60.5180 - Do the emission limits, emission standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... standards, and operating limits apply during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? 60.5180 Section... startup, shutdown, and malfunction? The emission limits and standards apply at all times and during... concentration limit using CO CEMS, the correction to 7 percent oxygen does not apply during periods of startup...

  14. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

  15. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Cccc of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements a

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... requirements • Waste management plan • Anticipated date of initial startup § 60.2190 Startup notification Prior to initial startup • Type of waste to be burned• Maximum design waste burning capacity • Anticipated... occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction § 60.2215 and 60.2220 Qualified operator...

  16. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    .... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

  17. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Llll of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units a

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Documentation for siting requirements. 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.4915(a). Notification of initial startup Prior to initial startup 1. Maximum design dry sewage sludge burning capacity2.... 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. 5. Site-specific monitoring plan. 6. The site-specific...

  18. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    .... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

  19. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    .... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

  20. 40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Llll of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements for New Sewage Sludge Incineration Units a

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Documentation for siting requirements. 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.4915(a). Notification of initial startup Prior to initial startup 1. Maximum design dry sewage sludge burning capacity2.... 4. Anticipated date of initial startup. 5. Site-specific monitoring plan. 6. The site-specific...

  1. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Cccc of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements a

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... requirements • Waste management plan • Anticipated date of initial startup § 60.2190 Startup notification Prior to initial startup • Type of waste to be burned• Maximum design waste burning capacity • Anticipated... occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction § 60.2215 and 60.2220 Qualified operator...

  2. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Cccc of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements a

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... requirements • Waste management plan • Anticipated date of initial startup § 60.2190 Startup notification Prior to initial startup • Type of waste to be burned• Maximum design waste burning capacity • Anticipated... occurred during a period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction § 60.2215 and 60.2220 Qualified operator...

  3. 40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Eeee of... - Summary of Reporting Requirements

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    .... Waste management plan; and § 60.2952. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60.2952. 2. Startup notification a. Prior to initial startup i. Types of waste to be burned;ii. Maximum design waste burning... petition for site-specific operating limits; and § 60.2953. v. Anticipated date of initial startup. § 60...

  4. Preliminary Experiment of Non-Inductive Plasma Current Startup in SUNIST Spherical Tokamak

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, Yexi; Zhang, Liang; Xie, Lifeng; Tang, Yi; Yang, Xuanzong; Feng, Chunhua; Fu, Hongjun

    2006-01-01

    The non-inductive plasma current startup is an important motivation in SUNIST spherical tokamak. In the recent experiment, the magnetron microwave system of 100 kW and 2.45 GHz has been used to the ECR plasma current startup. Besides the toroidal field, a vertical field was applied to generate preliminary toroidal plasma current without the action of the central solenoid. As the evidence of plasma current startup with the effect of vertical field drift, the direction of plasma current is changed when the direction of vertical field changes during the ECR plasma current startup discharge. We also observed a maximum plasma current by scanning vertical field in both directions. Additionally, we used electrode discharge to assist the ECR plasma current startup.

  5. Status of the Negative Ion Based Heating and Diagnostic Neutral Beams for ITER

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schunke, B.; Bora, D.; Hemsworth, R.; Tanga, A.

    2009-03-01

    The current baseline of ITER foresees 2 Heating Neutral Beam (HNB's) systems based on negative ion technology, each accelerating to 1 MeV 40 A of D- and capable of delivering 16.5 MW of D0 to the ITER plasma, with a 3rd HNB injector foreseen as an upgrade option [1]. In addition a dedicated Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB) accelerating 60 A of H- to 100 keV will inject ≈15 A equivalent of H0 for charge exchange recombination spectroscopy and other diagnostics. Recently the RF driven negative ion source developed by IPP Garching has replaced the filamented ion source as the reference ITER design. The RF source developed at IPP, which is approximately a quarter scale of the source needed for ITER, is expected to have reduced caesium consumption compared to the filamented arc driven ion source. The RF driven source has demonstrated adequate accelerated D- and H- current densities as well as long-pulse operation [2, 3]. It is foreseen that the HNB's and the DNB will use the same negative ion source. Experiments with a half ITER-size ion source are on-going at IPP and the operation of a full-scale ion source will be demonstrated, at full power and pulse length, in the dedicated Ion Source Test Bed (ISTF), which will be part of the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), in Padua, Italy. This facility will carry out the necessary R&D for the HNB's for ITER and demonstrate operation of the full-scale HNB beamline. An overview of the current status of the neutral beam (NB) systems and the chosen configuration will be given and the ongoing integration effort into the ITER plant will be highlighted. It will be demonstrated how installation and maintenance logistics have influenced the design, notably the top access scheme facilitating access for maintenance and installation. The impact of the ITER Design Review and recent design change requests (DCRs) will be briefly discussed, including start-up and commissioning issues. The low current hydrogen phase now envisaged for start-up imposed specific requirements for operating the HNB's at full beam power. It has been decided to address the shinethrough issue by installing wall armour protection, which increases the operational space in all scenarios. Other NB related issues identified by the Design Review process will be discussed and the possible changes to the ITER baseline indicated.

  6. Status of the Negative Ion Based Heating and Diagnostic Neutral Beams for ITER

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schunke, B.; Bora, D.; Hemsworth, R.

    2009-03-12

    The current baseline of ITER foresees 2 Heating Neutral Beam (HNB's) systems based on negative ion technology, each accelerating to 1 MeV 40 A of D{sup -} and capable of delivering 16.5 MW of D{sup 0} to the ITER plasma, with a 3rd HNB injector foreseen as an upgrade option. In addition a dedicated Diagnostic Neutral Beam (DNB) accelerating 60 A of H{sup -} to 100 keV will inject {approx_equal}15 A equivalent of H{sup 0} for charge exchange recombination spectroscopy and other diagnostics. Recently the RF driven negative ion source developed by IPP Garching has replaced the filamented ion sourcemore » as the reference ITER design. The RF source developed at IPP, which is approximately a quarter scale of the source needed for ITER, is expected to have reduced caesium consumption compared to the filamented arc driven ion source. The RF driven source has demonstrated adequate accelerated D{sup -} and H{sup -} current densities as well as long-pulse operation. It is foreseen that the HNB's and the DNB will use the same negative ion source. Experiments with a half ITER-size ion source are on-going at IPP and the operation of a full-scale ion source will be demonstrated, at full power and pulse length, in the dedicated Ion Source Test Bed (ISTF), which will be part of the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), in Padua, Italy. This facility will carry out the necessary R and D for the HNB's for ITER and demonstrate operation of the full-scale HNB beamline. An overview of the current status of the neutral beam (NB) systems and the chosen configuration will be given and the ongoing integration effort into the ITER plant will be highlighted. It will be demonstrated how installation and maintenance logistics have influenced the design, notably the top access scheme facilitating access for maintenance and installation. The impact of the ITER Design Review and recent design change requests (DCRs) will be briefly discussed, including start-up and commissioning issues. The low current hydrogen phase now envisaged for start-up imposed specific requirements for operating the HNB's at full beam power. It has been decided to address the shinethrough issue by installing wall armour protection, which increases the operational space in all scenarios. Other NB related issues identified by the Design Review process will be discussed and the possible changes to the ITER baseline indicated.« less

  7. The application of moving bed bio-reactor (MBBR) in commercial laundry wastewater treatment.

    PubMed

    Bering, Sławomira; Mazur, Jacek; Tarnowski, Krzysztof; Janus, Magdalena; Mozia, Sylwia; Morawski, Antoni Waldemar

    2018-06-15

    Large, laboratory scale biological treatment tests of real industrial wastewater, generated in a large industrial laundry facility, was conducted from October 2014 to January 2015. This research sought to develop laundry wastewater treatment technology which included tests of a two-stage Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR); this had two reactors, was filled with carriers Kaldnes K5 (specific area - 800 m 2 /m 3 ) and were realized in aerobic condition. Operating on site, in the laundry, reactors were fed actual wastewater from the laundry retention tank. The laundry wastewater contained mainly surfactants and impurities originating from washed fabrics; a solution of urea to supplement nitrogen content and a solution of acid to correct pH were added. The daily flow of raw wastewater Qd varied from 0.6-1.0 m 3 /d. Wastewater quality indicators showed that the reduction of pollutants was obtained: BOD 5 by 95-98%, COD by 89-94%, the sum of anionic and nonionic surfactants by 85-96%. The quality of the purified wastewater after the start-up period met legal requirements regarding the standards for wastewater discharged into the environment. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Sustainability of recurrent expenditure on public social welfare programmes: expenditure analysis of the free maternal care programme of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme.

    PubMed

    Ankrah Odame, Emmanuel; Akweongo, Patricia; Yankah, Ben; Asenso-Boadi, Francis; Agyepong, Irene

    2014-05-01

    Sustainability of public social welfare programmes has long been of concern in development circles. An important aspect of sustainability is the ability to sustain the recurrent financial costs of programmes. A free maternal care programme (FMCP) was launched under the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2008 with a start-up grant from the British Government. This article examines claims expenditure under the programme and the implications for the financial sustainability of the programme, and the lessons for donor and public financing of social welfare programmes. Records of reimbursement claims for services and medicines by women benefitting from the policy in participating facilities in one sub-metropolis in Ghana were analysed to gain an understanding of the expenditure on this programme at facility level. National level financial inflow and outflow (expenditure) data of the NHIS, related to implementation of this policy for 2008 and 2009, were reviewed to put the facility-based data in the national perspective. A total of US$936 450.94 was spent in 2009 by the scheme on FMCP in the sub-metropolis. The NHIS expenditure on the programme for the entire country in 2009 was US$49.25 million, exceeding the British grant of US$10.00 million given for that year. Subsequently, the programme has been entirely financed by the National Health Insurance Fund. The rapidly increasing, recurrent demands on this fund from the maternal delivery exemption programme-without a commensurate growth on the amounts generated annually-is an increasing threat to the sustainability of the fund. Provision of donor start-up funding for programmes with high recurrent expenditures, under the expectation that government will take over and sustain the programme, must be accompanied by clear long-term analysis and planning as to how government will sustain the programme.

  9. Report of the oversight assessment of the operational readiness review of the Savannah River Site Defense Waste Processing Facility Cold Chemical Runs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, B.

    1993-03-01

    This report presents the results of an oversight assessment (OA) conducted by the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Office of Environment, Safety and Health (EH) of the operational readiness review (ORR) activities for the Cold Chemical Runs (CCRs) at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) located at Savannah River Site (SRS). The EH OA of this facility took place concurrently with an ORR performed by the DOE Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM). The EM ORR was conducted from September 28, 1992, through October 9, 1992, although portions of the EM ORR were extended beyond this period. Themore » EH OA evaluated the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the EM ORR. The EH OA was designed to ascertain whether the EM ORR was thorough and demonstrated sufficient inquisitiveness to verify that the implementation of programs and procedures is adequate to assure the protection of worker safety and health. The EH OA was carried out in accordance with the protocol and procedures of the ``EH Program for Oversight Assessment of Operational Readiness Evaluations for Startups and Restarts,`` dated September 15, 1992. Based on its OA and verification of the resolution of EH OA findings, the EH OA Team believes that the startup of the CCRs may be safely begun, pending satisfactory completion and verification of the prestart findings identified by the EM ORR. The EH OA was based primarily on an evaluation of the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of the EM ORR and addressed the following areas: industrial safety, industrial hygiene, and respiratory protection; fire protection; and chemical safety. The EH OA conducted independent ``vertical-slice`` reviews to confirm EM ORR results in the areas of confined-space entry, respiratory protection, fire protection, and chemical safety.« less

  10. 2020 Vision for Tank Waste Cleanup (One System Integration) - 12506

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Harp, Benton; Charboneau, Stacy; Olds, Erik

    2012-07-01

    The mission of the Department of Energy's Office of River Protection (ORP) is to safely retrieve and treat the 56 million gallons of Hanford's tank waste and close the Tank Farms to protect the Columbia River. The millions of gallons of waste are a by-product of decades of plutonium production. After irradiated fuel rods were taken from the nuclear reactors to the processing facilities at Hanford they were exposed to a series of chemicals designed to dissolve away the rod, which enabled workers to retrieve the plutonium. Once those chemicals were exposed to the fuel rods they became radioactive andmore » extremely hot. They also couldn't be used in this process more than once. Because the chemicals are caustic and extremely hazardous to humans and the environment, underground storage tanks were built to hold these chemicals until a more permanent solution could be found. The Cleanup of Hanford's 56 million gallons of radioactive and chemical waste stored in 177 large underground tanks represents the Department's largest and most complex environmental remediation project. Sixty percent by volume of the nation's high-level radioactive waste is stored in the underground tanks grouped into 18 'tank farms' on Hanford's central plateau. Hanford's mission to safely remove, treat and dispose of this waste includes the construction of a first-of-its-kind Waste Treatment Plant (WTP), ongoing retrieval of waste from single-shell tanks, and building or upgrading the waste feed delivery infrastructure that will deliver the waste to and support operations of the WTP beginning in 2019. Our discussion of the 2020 Vision for Hanford tank waste cleanup will address the significant progress made to date and ongoing activities to manage the operations of the tank farms and WTP as a single system capable of retrieving, delivering, treating and disposing Hanford's tank waste. The initiation of hot operations and subsequent full operations of the WTP are not only dependent upon the successful design and construction of the WTP, but also on appropriately preparing the tank farms and waste feed delivery infrastructure to reliably and consistently deliver waste feed to the WTP for many decades. The key components of the 2020 vision are: all WTP facilities are commissioned, turned-over and operational, achieving the earliest possible hot operations of completed WTP facilities, and supplying low-activity waste (LAW) feed directly to the LAW Facility using in-tank/near tank supplemental treatment technologies. A One System Integrated Project Team (IPT) was recently formed to focus on developing and executing the programs that will be critical to successful waste feed delivery and WTP startup. The team is comprised of members from Bechtel National, Inc. (BNI), Washington River Protection Solutions LLC (WRPS), and DOE-ORP and DOE-WTP. The IPT will combine WTP and WRPS capabilities in a mission-focused model that is clearly defined, empowered and cost efficient. The genesis for this new team and much of the 2020 vision is based on the work of an earlier team that was tasked with identifying the optimum approach to startup, commissioning, and turnover of WTP facilities for operations. This team worked backwards from 2020 - a date when the project will be completed and steady-state operations will be underway - and identified success criteria to achieving safe and efficient operations of the WTP. The team was not constrained by any existing contract work scope, labor, or funding parameters. Several essential strategies were identified to effectively realize the one-system model of integrated feed stream delivery, WTP operations, and product delivery, and to accomplish the team's vision of hot operations beginning in 2016: - Use a phased startup and turnover approach that will allow WTP facilities to be transitioned to an operational state on as short a timeline as credible. - Align Tank Farm (TF) and WTP objectives such that feed can be supplied to the WTP when it is required for hot operations. - Ensure immobilized waste and waste recycle streams can be received by the TF when required to support 2016 production of immobilized low-activity waste (ILAW). - Ensure the required baseline and additional funding is provided beginning in fiscal year 2011. - Modify TF and WTP contracts to adequately address this vision. The 2020 Vision provides a summary of strategies and key actions that optimize the approach to startup, commissioning, and turnover of WTP facilities. This vision focuses on the legally enforceable requirement to achieve the Consent Decree milestones of starting radioactive operations in 2019, and achieving initial WTP operations in 2022. (authors)« less

  11. 40 CFR 60.4375 - What reports must I submit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...). Excess emissions must be reported for all periods of unit operation, including start-up, shutdown, and...), you must submit a written report of the results of each performance test before the close of business...

  12. Design and experimental investigation of a neon cryogenic loop heat pipe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, Jiang; Guo, Yuandong; Zhang, Hongxing; Miao, Jianyin; Wang, Lu; Lin, Guiping

    2017-11-01

    Next generation space infrared sensor and detector have pressing requirement for cryogenic heat transport technology in the temperature range of 30-40 K. Cryogenic loop heat pipe (CLHP) has excellent thermal performance and particular characteristics such as high flexibility transport lines and no moving parts, thus it is regarded as an ideal thermal control solution. A neon CLHP referring to infrared point-to-point heat transfer element in future space application has been designed and experimented. And it could realize supercritical startup successfully. Experimental results show that the supercritical startup were realized successfully at cases of 1.5 W secondary evaporator power, but the startup was failed when 0.5 and 1 W heat load applied to secondary evaporator. The maximum heat transport capability of primary evaporator is between 4.5 and 5 W with proper auxiliary heat load. Before startup, even the heat sink temperature decreased to 35 K, the primary evaporator can still maintain at almost 290 K; and the primary evaporator temperature increased at once when the powers were cut off, which indicated the CLHP has a perfect function of thermal switch. The CLHP could adapt to sudden changes of the primary evaporator power, and reach a new steady-state quickly. Besides, some failure phenomena were observed during the test, which indicated that proper secondary evaporator power and heat sink temperature play important roles on the normal operation.

  13. Rapid Startup and Loading of an Attached Growth, Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Membrane Aerated Bioreactor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Meyer, Caitlin; Vega, Leticia

    2014-01-01

    The Membrane Aerated Bioreactor (MABR) is an attached-growth biological system for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. This design is an innovative approach to common terrestrial wastewater treatments for nitrogen and carbon removal. Implementing a biologically-based water treatment system for long-duration human exploration is an attractive, low energy alternative to physiochemical processes. Two obstacles to implementing such a system are (1) the "start-up" duration from inoculation to steady-state operations and (2) the amount of surface area needed for the biological activity to occur. The Advanced Water Recovery Systems (AWRS) team at JSC explored these two issues through two tests; a rapid inoculation study and a wastewater loading study. Results from these tests demonstrate that the duration from inoculation to steady state can be reduced to two weeks and that the surface area to volume ratio baseline used in the Alternative Water Processor (AWP) test was higher than what was needed to remove the organic carbon and ammonium from the system.

  14. The startup performance and microbial distribution of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) treating medium-strength synthetic industrial wastewater.

    PubMed

    Jiang, Hao; Nie, Hong; Ding, Jiangtao; Stinner, Walter; Sun, Kaixuan; Zhou, Hongjun

    2018-01-02

    In this study, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with seven chambers was applied to treat medium-strength synthetic industrial wastewater (MSIW). The performance of startup and shock test on treating MSIW was investigated. During the acclimation process, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of MSIW gradually increased from 0 to 2,000 mg L -1 , and the COD removal finally reached 90%. At shock test, the feeding COD concentration increased by one-fifth and the reactor adapted very well with a COD removal of 82%. In a stable state, Comamonas, Smithella, Syntrophomonas and Pseudomonas were the main populations of bacteria, while the predominant methanogen was Methanobacterium. The results of chemical and microbiological analysis indicated the significant advantages of ABR, including buffering shocks, separating stages with matching microorganisms and promoting syntrophism. Meanwhile, the strategies for acclimation and operation were of great importance. Further work can test reactor performance in the treatment of actual industrial wastewater.

  15. SOP 98-5 brings uniformity to reporting start-up costs.

    PubMed

    Luecke, R W; Meeting, D T

    1999-08-01

    The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) issued Statement of Position (SOP) No. 98-5, Reporting on the Costs of Start-Up Activities, in April 1998 to provide organizations with guidance on how to report start-up and organization costs. Because some companies were expensing start-up costs while other companies were capitalizing start-up costs with a variety of periods over which to amortize costs, it was difficult to compare companies' financial statements. SOP No. 98-5 will bring uniformity to the treatment of start-up and organization costs by dictating that these costs be expensed as incurred. AICPA's Accounting Standards Executive Committee adopted an intentionally broad definition of start-up costs to capture the vast majority of costs associated with starting up an organization. SOP No. 98-5 takes effect for financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998, but can be applied earlier for fiscal years for which financial statements have not been issued.

  16. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION: Reduction of Nitrogen in Domestic Wastewater from Individual Residential Homes. BioConcepts, Inc. ReCip® RTS ~ 500 System

    EPA Science Inventory

    Verification testing of the ReCip® RTS-500 System was conducted over a 12-month period at the Massachusetts Alternative Septic System Test Center (MASSTC) located on Otis Air National Guard Base in Bourne, Massachusetts. A nine-week startup period preceded the verification test t...

  17. Dynamic modeling and simulation of an integral bipropellant propulsion double-valve combined test system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Yang; Wang, Huasheng; Xia, Jixia; Cai, Guobiao; Zhang, Zhenpeng

    2017-04-01

    For the pressure reducing regulator and check valve double-valve combined test system in an integral bipropellant propulsion system, a system model is established with modular models of various typical components. The simulation research is conducted on the whole working process of an experiment of 9 MPa working condition from startup to rated working condition and finally to shutdown. Comparison of simulation results with test data shows: five working conditions including standby, startup, rated pressurization, shutdown and halt and nine stages of the combined test system are comprehensively disclosed; valve-spool opening and closing details of the regulator and two check valves are accurately revealed; the simulation also clarifies two phenomena which test data are unable to clarify, one is the critical opening state in which the check valve spools slightly open and close alternately in their own fully closed positions, the other is the obvious effects of flow-field temperature drop and temperature rise in pipeline network with helium gas flowing. Moreover, simulation results with consideration of component wall heat transfer are closer to the test data than those under the adiabatic-wall condition, and more able to reveal the dynamic characteristics of the system in various working stages.

  18. Test Results From a Pair of 1-kWe Dual-Opposed Free-Piston Stirling Power Convertors Integrated With a Pumped NaK Loop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Geng, Steven M.; Briggs, Maxwell H.; Penswick, L. Barry; Pearson, J. Boise; Godfroy, Thomas J.

    2011-01-01

    As a step towards development of Stirling power conversion for potential use in Fission Surface Power (FSP) systems, a pair of commercially available 1-kW-class free-piston Stirling convertors were modified to operate with a NaK (sodium (Na) and potassium (K)) liquid metal pumped loop for thermal energy input. This was the first-ever attempt at powering a free-piston Stirling engine with a pumped liquid metal heat source and is a major FSP project milestone towards demonstrating technical feasibility. The convertors were successfully tested at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) from June 6 through July 14, 2009. The convertors were operated for a total test time of 66 hr and 16 min. The tests included (a) performance mapping the convertors over various hot- and cold-end temperatures, piston amplitudes, and NaK flow rates and (b) transient test conditions to simulate various startup (i.e., low-, medium-, and high-temperature startups) and fault scenarios (i.e., loss of heat source, loss of NaK pump, convertor stall, etc.). This report documents the results of this testing

  19. Containerized Nursery Start-up Costs

    Treesearch

    Mike Edwards

    2002-01-01

    About 4 years ago, I seriously began to entertain the idea of opening a containerized forestry nursery. During this period, some of the timberland owned by American Forest Seed Service near Auburn University's Solon Dixon Forestry Center, located in Andalusia, AL, was being used for three out-planting test plots. The test plots compared growth rates between...

  20. Lithium D-cell study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Size, P.; Takeuchi, Esther S.

    1993-01-01

    The purpose of this contract is to evaluate parametrically the effects of various factors including the electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, depolarizer type, and cell configuration on lithium cell electrical performance and safety. This effort shall allow for the selection and optimization of cell design for future NASA applications while maintaining close ties with WGL's continuous improvements in manufacturing processes and lithium cell design. Taguchi experimental design techniques are employed in this task, and allow for a maximum amount of information to be obtained while requiring significantly less cells than if a full factorial design were employed. Acceptance testing for this task is modeled after the NASA Document EP5-83-025, Revision C, for cell weights, OCV's and load voltages. The performance attributes that are studied in this effort are fresh capacity and start-up characteristics evaluated at two rates and two temperatures, shelf-life characteristics including start-up and capacity retention, and iterative microcalorimetry measurements. Abuse testing includes forced over discharge at two rates with and without diode protection, temperature tolerance testing, and shorting tests at three rates with the measurement of heat generated during shorting conditions.

  1. 40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for New and Reconstructed 2SLB and Compression Ignition Stationary RICE >500...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... meet the following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must . . . 1. 2SLB stationary RICE a. Reduce CO emissions by 58 percent or more; orb. Limit... time spent at idle and minimize the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate...

  2. 40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for New and Reconstructed 2SLB and Compression Ignition Stationary RICE >500...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... meet the following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must . . . 1. 2SLB stationary RICE a. Reduce CO emissions by 58 percent or more; orb. Limit... time spent at idle and minimize the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate...

  3. 40 CFR Table 2a to Subpart Zzzz of... - Emission Limitations for New and Reconstructed 2SLB and Compression Ignition Stationary RICE >500...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... meet the following emission limitation, except during periods of startup . . . During periods of startup you must . . . 1. 2SLB stationary RICE a. Reduce CO emissions by 58 percent or more; orb. Limit... time spent at idle and minimize the engine's startup time at startup to a period needed for appropriate...

  4. Using an operator training simulator in the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculim

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bhattacharyya, D.; Turton, R.; Zitney, S.

    2012-01-01

    An operator training simulator (OTS) is to the chemical engineer what a flight simulator is to the aerospace engineer. The basis of an OTS is a high-fidelity dynamic model of a chemical process that allows an engineer to simulate start-up, shut-down, and normal operation. It can also be used to test the skill and ability of an engineer or operator to respond and control some unforeseen situation(s) through the use of programmed malfunctions. West Virginia University (WVU) is a member of the National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Regional University Alliance (NETL-RUA). Working through the NETL-RUA, the authors have spent the lastmore » four years collaborating on the development of a high-fidelity OTS for an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant with CO{sub 2} capture that is the cornerstone of the AVESTARTM (Advanced Virtual Energy Simulation Training And Research) Center with sister facilities at NETL and WVU in Morgantown, WV. This OTS is capable of real-time dynamic simulation of IGCC plant operation, including start-up, shut-down, and power demand load following. The dynamic simulator and its human machine interfaces (HMIs) are based on the DYNSIM and InTouch software, respectively, from Invensys Operations Management. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the authors’ experiences in using this sophisticated dynamic simulation-based OTS as a hands-on teaching tool in the undergraduate chemical engineering curriculum. At present, the OTS has been used in two separate courses: a new process simulation course and a traditional process control course. In the process simulation course, concepts of steady-state and dynamic simulations were covered prior to exposing the students to the OTS. Moreover, digital logic and the concept of equipment requiring one or more permissive states to be enabled prior to successful operation were also covered. Students were briefed about start-up procedures and the importance of following a predetermined sequence of actions in order to start-up the plant successfully. Student experience with the dynamic simulator consisted of a six-hour training session in which the Claus sulfur capture unit of the IGCC plant was started up. The students were able to operate the simulator through the InTouch-based HMI displays and study and understand the underlying dynamic modeling approach used in the DYNSIM-based simulator. The concepts learned during the training sessions were further reinforced when students developed their own DYNSIM models for a chemical process and wrote a detailed start-up procedure. In the process control course, students learned how the plant responds dynamically to changes in the manipulated inputs, as well as how the control system impacts plant performance, stability, robustness and disturbance rejection characteristics. The OTS provided the opportunity to study the dynamics of complicated, “real-life” process plants consisting of hundreds of pieces of equipment. Students implemented ideal forcing functions, tracked the time-delay through the entire plant, studied the response of open-loop unstable systems, and learned “good practices” in control system design by taking into account the real-world events where significant deviations from the “ideal” or “expected” response can occur. The theory of closed-loop stability was reinforced by implementing limiting proportional gain for stability limits of real plants. Finally, students were divided into several groups where each group was tasked to control a section of the plant within a set of operating limits in the face of disturbances and simulated process faults. At the end of this test, they suggested ways to improve the control system performance based on the theory they learned in class and the hands-on experience they earned while working on the OTS.« less

  5. Rapid Start-up and Loading of an Attached Growth, Simultaneous Nitrification/Denitrification Membrane Aerated Bioreactor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Meyer, Caitlin E.; Pensinger, Stuart; Pickering, Karen D.; Barta, Daniel; Shull, Sarah A.; Vega, Letticia M.; Christenson, Dylan; Jackson, W. Andrew

    2015-01-01

    Membrane aerated bioreactors (MABR) are attached-growth biological systems used for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification to reclaim water from waste. This design is an innovative approach to common terrestrial wastewater treatments for nitrogen and carbon removal and implementing a biologically-based water treatment system for long-duration human exploration is an attractive, low energy alternative to physiochemical processes. Two obstacles to implementing such a system are (1) the "start-up" duration from inoculation to steady-state operations and (2) the amount of surface area needed for the biological activity to occur. The Advanced Water Recovery Systems (AWRS) team at JSC explored these two issues through two tests; a rapid inoculation study and a wastewater loading study. Results from these tests demonstrate that the duration from inoculation to steady state can be reduced to under two weeks, and that despite low ammonium removal rates, the MABRs are oversized.

  6. Characteristics of adapted hydrogenotrophic community during biomethanation.

    PubMed

    Rachbauer, Lydia; Beyer, Reinhard; Bochmann, Günther; Fuchs, Werner

    2017-10-01

    The results presented in this study were carried out as concomitant experiments during the start-up and operation of a biomethanation unit to evaluate the effect of process parameters on carbon conversion, product formation (methane and acetate) and community composition. For that, two different samples were withdrawn from a trickle-bed reactor with immobilized enrichment culture of hydrogenotrophic methanogens adapted from sewage sludge. One sample was taken from the recirculation liquid during start-up phase while the other was withdrawn directly from the carrier material in the reactor. Elevated acid levels especially during start-up were shown to affect the overall carbon conversion. This effect was also seen during the acid tolerance testing reported here. Final acid concentrations of 1.6±0.3g/L resulted in a reduced conversion ratio of only 46%. Without acid addition complete conversion of CO 2 in the headspace was achieved. However, maximum methane production of 0.55±0.02mmol after 4days of incubation was monitored at moderate initial acetate concentration of 0.4g/L. In both analyzed inoculation materials Methanobacterium species were by far the most dominant Archaea with 21.8% in the recirculation liquid during start-up and 84.8% in the enrichment culture immobilized on the carrier material. The microbial composition of the two analyzed samples is in accordance with the results obtained for the carbon conversion and product formation. With approximately 50% of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes present during reactor start-up the acetic acid production significantly contributed to the overall carbon conversion. In contrast, methane was produced almost exclusively in trials representing continuous operation where acetogenic bacteria accounted only up to 17.5%. In summary, the acid accumulation monitored during reactor start-up of a biomethanation unit is most likely to result from the microbial composition present. Nevertheless, complete adaptation to hydrogenotrophic conditions was proven to alter the consortium and yield methane as main product alongside high carbon conversion of up to 70.5±1.8%. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Use of the Marshall Space Flight Center solar simulator in collector performance evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Humphries, W. R.

    1978-01-01

    Actual measured values from simulator checkout tests are detailed. Problems encountered during initial startup are discussed and solutions described. Techniques utilized to evaluate collector performance from simulator test data are given. Performance data generated in the simulator are compared to equivalent data generated during natural outdoor testing. Finally, a summary of collector performance parameters generated to date as a result of simulator testing are given.

  8. Towards a Predictive Capability for Local Helicity Injection Startup

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barr, J. L.; Bongard, M. W.; Burke, M. G.; Fonck, R. J.; Hinson, E. T.; Lewicki, B. T.; Perry, J. M.; Redd, A. J.; Schlossberg, D. J.

    2014-10-01

    Local helicity injection (LHI) is a non-solenoidal tokamak startup technique under development on the Pegasus ST. New designs of the injector cathode geometry and plasma-facing shield rings support high-voltage operation up to 1.5 kV. This leads to reduced requirements in injector area for a given helicity input rate. Near-term experiments in Pegasus are testing the gain in Ip obtained with a 1 . 5 × increase in the helicity input rate and the efficacy of helicity injection in the lower divertor region. A predictive model for LHI is needed to project scalable scenarios for larger devices. A lumped-parameter circuit model using power and helicity balance is being developed for LHI on Pegasus-U and NSTX-U. The model indicates that MA-class startup on NSTX-U will require operating in a regime where the drive from LHI dominates the inductive effects arising from dynamically evolving plasma geometry. The physics of this new regime can be tested in Pegasus-U at Ip ~ 0 . 3 MA. The LHI systems on the proposed Pegasus-U will be expanded to provide 3 - 4 × helicity injection rate and the toroidal field doubled to reach this regime. Predictive models to be validated on Pegasus-U include the 0-D power balance model, NIMROD, and TSC. Work supported by US DOE Grants DE-FG02-96ER54375 and DE-SC0006928.

  9. Design, Fabrication and Testing of Two Different Laboratory Prototypes of CSI-based Induction Heating Units

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roy, M.; Sengupta, M.

    2012-09-01

    Induction heating is a non-contact heating process which became popular due to its energy efficiency. Current source inverter (CSI) based induction heating units are commonly used in the industry. Most of these CSIs are thyristor based, since thyristors of higher ratings are easily available. These being load commutated apparatus a start-up circuit is needed to initiate commutation. In this paper the design and fabrication of two laboratory prototypes have been presented. The first one, a SCR-based CSI fed controlled induction heating unit (IHU), has been tested with two different types of start-up procedures. Thereafter the fabrication and performance of another IGBT-based CSI is compared with the thyristor-based CSI for a 2 kW, 10 kHz application. These two types of CSIs are fully fabricated in laboratory along with the IHU. Performance analysis and simulation of two different CSIs has been done by using SequelGUI2. The triggering pulses for the inverter devices (for both CSI devices as well as auxilliary thyristor of start-up circuit) have been generated and closed-loop control has been done in FPGA platform built around an Altera make cyclone EPIC12Q240C processor which can be programmed using Quartus II software. Close agreement between simulated and experimental results highlight the accuracy of the experimental work.

  10. Start-Up Entrepreneurs and University Students in a Co-Learning Mode: Learning Effects of a Collaborative Entrepreneurial Coaching Programme

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saukkonen, Juha; Nukari, Jussi; Ballard, Sharon; Levie, Jonathan

    2016-01-01

    Start-up companies have been recognized as key drivers of wealth and job creation. Many students now in universities will therefore find their future employment in start-up companies, or will found them. Success in the start-up environment requires a specific set of skills. There is a growing supply of university education for new venture creation…

  11. Numerical Simulation of Measurements during the Reactor Physical Startup at Unit 3 of Rostov NPP

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tereshonok, V. A.; Kryakvin, L. V.; Pitilimov, V. A.; Karpov, S. A.; Kulikov, V. I.; Zhylmaganbetov, N. M.; Kavun, O. Yu.; Popykin, A. I.; Shevchenko, R. A.; Shevchenko, S. A.; Semenova, T. V.

    2017-12-01

    The results of numerical calculations and measurements of some reactor parameters during the physical startup tests at unit 3 of Rostov NPP are presented. The following parameters are considered: the critical boron acid concentration and the currents from ionization chambers (IC) during the scram system efficiency evaluation. The scram system efficiency was determined using the inverse point kinetics equation with the measured and simulated IC currents. The results of steady-state calculations of relative power distribution and efficiency of the scram system and separate groups of control rods of the control and protection system are also presented. The calculations are performed using several codes, including precision ones.

  12. Design of a data-driven predictive controller for start-up process of AMT vehicles.

    PubMed

    Lu, Xiaohui; Chen, Hong; Wang, Ping; Gao, Bingzhao

    2011-12-01

    In this paper, a data-driven predictive controller is designed for the start-up process of vehicles with automated manual transmissions (AMTs). It is obtained directly from the input-output data of a driveline simulation model constructed by the commercial software AMESim. In order to obtain offset-free control for the reference input, the predictor equation is gained with incremental inputs and outputs. Because of the physical characteristics, the input and output constraints are considered explicitly in the problem formulation. The contradictory requirements of less friction losses and less driveline shock are included in the objective function. The designed controller is tested under nominal conditions and changed conditions. The simulation results show that, during the start-up process, the AMT clutch with the proposed controller works very well, and the process meets the control objectives: fast clutch lockup time, small friction losses, and the preservation of driver comfort, i.e., smooth acceleration of the vehicle. At the same time, the closed-loop system has the ability to reject uncertainties, such as the vehicle mass and road grade.

  13. Startup and oxygen concentration effects in a continuous granular mixed flow autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor.

    PubMed

    Varas, Rodrigo; Guzmán-Fierro, Víctor; Giustinianovich, Elisa; Behar, Jack; Fernández, Katherina; Roeckel, Marlene

    2015-08-01

    The startup and performance of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was tested in a continuously fed granular bubble column reactor (BCR) with two different aeration strategies: controlling the oxygen volumetric flow and oxygen concentration. During the startup with the control of oxygen volumetric flow, the air volume was adjusted to 60mL/h and the CANON reactor had volumetric N loadings ranging from 7.35 to 100.90mgN/Ld with 36-71% total nitrogen removal and high instability. In the second stage, the reactor was operated at oxygen concentrations of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2mg/L. The best condition was 0.2 mgO2/L with a total nitrogen removal of 75.36% with a CANON reactor activity of 0.1149gN/gVVSd and high stability. The feasibility and effectiveness of CANON processes with oxygen control was demonstrated, showing an alternative design tool for efficiently removing nitrogen species. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Operating manual for the Bulk Shielding Reactor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1983-04-01

    The BSR is a pool-type reactor. It has the capabilities of continuous operation at a power level of 2 MW or at any desired lower power level. This manual presents descriptive and operational information. The reactor and its auxillary facilities are described from physical and operational viewpoints. Detailed operating procedures are included which are applicable from source-level startup to full-power operation. Also included are procedures relative to the safety of personnel and equipment in the areas of experiments, radiation and contamination control, emergency actions, and general safety. This manual supercedes all previous operating manuals for the BSR.

  15. Operating manual for the Bulk Shielding Reactor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1987-03-01

    The BSR is a pool-type reactor. It has the capabilities of continuous operation at a power level of 2 MW or at any desired lower power level. This manual presents descriptive and operational information. The reactor and its auxiliary facilities are described from physical and operational viewpoints. Detailed operating procedures are included which are applicable from source-level startup to full-power operation. Also included are procedures relative to the safety of personnel and equipment in the areas of experiments, radiation and contamination control, emergency actions, and general safety. This manual supersedes all previous operating manuals for the BSR.

  16. Emerald oil field on production in North Sea

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-08-31

    This paper reports that Midland and Scottish Energy Ltd. (MSE) has placed Emerald oil field on stream in the U.K. North Sea with a floating production unit. Initial production, from two satellite wells, will be used to commission facilities. Three water injection wells have been unplugged and are ready for start-up. MSE will place a central cluster of wells-five producers and one water injector-on stream during the next few weeks. Production will build to an expected 25,000 b/d from 35 million bbl of reserves. Field development has undergone an unusually large number of setbacks and changes.

  17. World first in high level waste vitrification - A review of French vitrification industrial achievements

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brueziere, J.; Chauvin, E.; Piroux, J.C.

    2013-07-01

    AREVA has more than 30 years experience in operating industrial HLW (High Level radioactive Waste) vitrification facilities (AVM - Marcoule Vitrification Facility, R7 and T7 facilities). This vitrification technology was based on borosilicate glasses and induction-heating. AVM was the world's first industrial HLW vitrification facility to operate in-line with a reprocessing plant. The glass formulation was adapted to commercial Light Water Reactor fission products solutions, including alkaline liquid waste concentrates as well as platinoid-rich clarification fines. The R7 and T7 facilities were designed on the basis of the industrial experience acquired in the AVM facility. The AVM vitrification process wasmore » implemented at a larger scale in order to operate the R7 and T7 facilities in-line with the UP2 and UP3 reprocessing plants. After more than 30 years of operation, outstanding record of operation has been established by the R7 and T7 facilities. The industrial startup of the CCIM (Cold Crucible Induction Melter) technology with enhanced glass formulation was possible thanks to the close cooperation between CEA and AREVA. CCIM is a water-cooled induction melter in which the glass frit and the waste are melted by direct high frequency induction. This technology allows the handling of highly corrosive solutions and high operating temperatures which permits new glass compositions and a higher glass production capacity. The CCIM technology has been implemented successfully at La Hague plant.« less

  18. Characterization of Low-Frequency Combustion Stability of the Fastrac Engine

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rocker, Marvin; Jones, Preston (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    A series of tests were conducted to measure the combustion performance of the Fastrac engine thrust chamber. During mainstage, the thrust chamber exhibited no large-amplitude chamber pressure oscillations that could be identified as low-frequency combustion instability or 'chug'. However, during start-up and shutdown, the thrust chamber very briefly exhibited large-amplitude chamber pressure oscillations that were identified as chug. These instabilities during start-up and shutdown were regarded as benign due to their brevity. Linear models of the thrust chamber and the propellant feed systems were formulated for both the thrust chamber component tests and the flight engine tests. These linear models determined the frequency and decay rate of chamber pressure oscillations given the design and operating conditions of the thrust chamber and feed system. The frequency of chamber pressure oscillations determined from the model closely matched the frequency of low-amplitude, low-frequency chamber pressure oscillations exhibited in some of the later thrust chamber mainstage tests. The decay rate of the chamber pressure oscillations determined from the models indicated that these low-frequency oscillations were stable. Likewise, the decay rate, determined from the model of the flight engine tests indicated that the low-frequency chamber pressure oscillations would be stable.

  19. Targeting as the basis for pre-test market of lithium-ion battery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yuniaristanto, Zakaria, R.; Saputri, V. H. L.; Sutopo, W.; Kadir, E. A.

    2017-11-01

    This article discusses about market segmentation and targeting as a first step in pre-test market of a new technology. The benefits of targeting towards pre-test market are pre-test market can be conducted to focus on selected target markets so there is no bias during the pre-test market. In determining the target market then do some surveys to identify the state of market in the future, so that the marketing process is not misplaced. Lithium ion battery which is commercialized through start-up companies is the case study. This start-up companies must be able to respond the changes and bring in customers as well as maintain them so that companies can survive and evolve to achieve its objectives. The research aims to determine market segments and target market effectively. Marketing strategy (segmentation and targeting) is used to make questionnaire and cluster analysis in data processing. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling and have obtained data as many as 80 samples. As the results study, there are three segments for lithium ion battery with their own distinguished characteristics and there are two segments that can be used as the target market for the company.

  20. Design and Testing for a New Thermosyphon Irradiation Vehicle

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Felde, David K.; Carbajo, Juan J.; McDuffee, Joel Lee

    The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) requires most materials and all fuel experiments to be placed in a pressure containment vessel to ensure that internal contaminants such as fission products cannot be released into the primary coolant. It also requires that all experiments be capable of withstanding various accident conditions (e.g., loss of coolant) without generating vapor bubbles on the surface of the experiment in the primary coolant. These requirements are intended to artificially increase experiment temperatures by introducing a barrier between the experimental materials and the HFIR coolant, and by reducing heatmore » loads to the HFIR primary coolant, thus ensuring that no boiling can occur. A proposed design for materials irradiation would remove these limitations by providing the required primary containment with an internal cooling flow. This would allow for experiments to be irradiated without concern for coolant contamination (e.g., from cladding failure of advanced fuel pins) or for specimen heat load. This report describes a new materials irradiation experiment design that uses a thermosyphon cooling system to allow experimental materials direct access to a liquid coolant. The new design also increases the range of conditions that can be tested in HFIR. This design will provide a unique capability to validate the performance of current and advanced fuels and materials. Because of limited supporting data for this kind of irradiation vehicle, a test program was initiated to obtain operating data that can be used to (1) qualify the vehicle for operation in HFIR and (2) validate computer models used to perform design- and safety-basis calculations. This report also describes the test facility and experimental data, and it provides a comparison of the experimental data to computer simulations. A total of 51 tests have been completed: four tests with pure steam, 12 tests with argon, and 35 tests with helium. A total of 10 tests were performed at subatmospheric pressure, and four of these were performed with pure steam. One test was conducted at a high power of 92.7 kW, six tests were HFIR startups, and two tests were HFIR loss of offsite power (LOOP). Pressures up to 10 MPa, vapor temperatures up to 583 K (310°C), and heater temperatures above 600 K (327°C) have been reached in these tests. Two computer programs, RELAP5-3D and TRACE, have been used to simulate the tests. The TRACE code has shown good agreement with the test data and has been used to model a variety of tests. This experimental facility has been very useful in demonstrating the viability of this new type of irradiation facility.« less

  1. 40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... compliance date shall be 18 months after September 8, 1994. (b) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup... initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

  2. 40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... compliance date shall be 18 months after September 8, 1994. (b) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup... initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

  3. Policy implications of startup utilization by enrollees in prepaid group plans.

    PubMed

    Baloff, N; Griffith, M J

    1984-04-01

    This article discusses several policy implications of the so-called startup effect, in which high initial health services utilization by new enrollees in prepaid group plans ( PGPs ) becomes reduced with the increasing duration of membership. Results of research in a developing PGP are analyzed as they relate to a mathematical model of startups for two measures of enrollee use. After estimating the total costs of startups in this setting, the motivating effects of such costs on PGPs are examined in relation to several policy issues--including the rate of PGP development in the United States, the use of financial incentives to enroll the elderly and medically disadvantaged, potential inequities of premium determination, the large impact of startups on disenrollment , and the federally mandated process of annual announcement of benefits and open enrollment. Ideas and mechanisms for future study on the startup effect and its policy implications are discussed.

  4. Policy implications of startup utilization by enrollees in prepaid group plans.

    PubMed Central

    Baloff, N; Griffith, M J

    1984-01-01

    This article discusses several policy implications of the so-called startup effect, in which high initial health services utilization by new enrollees in prepaid group plans ( PGPs ) becomes reduced with the increasing duration of membership. Results of research in a developing PGP are analyzed as they relate to a mathematical model of startups for two measures of enrollee use. After estimating the total costs of startups in this setting, the motivating effects of such costs on PGPs are examined in relation to several policy issues--including the rate of PGP development in the United States, the use of financial incentives to enroll the elderly and medically disadvantaged, potential inequities of premium determination, the large impact of startups on disenrollment , and the federally mandated process of annual announcement of benefits and open enrollment. Ideas and mechanisms for future study on the startup effect and its policy implications are discussed. PMID:6724954

  5. Startup analysis for a high temperature gas loaded heat pipe

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sockol, P. M.

    1973-01-01

    A model for the rapid startup of a high-temperature gas-loaded heat pipe is presented. A two-dimensional diffusion analysis is used to determine the rate of energy transport by the vapor between the hot and cold zones of the pipe. The vapor transport rate is then incorporated in a simple thermal model of the startup of a radiation-cooled heat pipe. Numerical results for an argon-lithium system show that radial diffusion to the cold wall can produce large vapor flow rates during a rapid startup. The results also show that startup is not initiated until the vapor pressure p sub v in the hot zone reaches a precise value proportional to the initial gas pressure p sub i. Through proper choice of p sub i, startup can be delayed until p sub v is large enough to support a heat-transfer rate sufficient to overcome a thermal load on the heat pipe.

  6. SP-100 lithium thaw design, analysis, and testing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Choe, Hwang; Schrag, Michael R.; Koonce, David R.; Gamble, Robert E.; Halfen, Frank J.; Kirpich, Aaron S.

    1993-01-01

    The thaw design has been established for the 100 kWe SP-100 Space Reactor Power System. System thaw/startup analysis has confirmed that all system thaw requirements are met, and that rethaw and restart can be easily accomplished with this design. In addition, a series of lithium thaw characterization tests has been performed, confirming key design assumptions.

  7. 40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

  8. 40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

  9. 40 CFR 63.403 - Compliance dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... initial startup before September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be September 8, 1994. (c) For new IPCT's that have an initial startup on or after September 8, 1994, the compliance date shall be the date of the initial startup. ...

  10. Business Angels - A Subspecies of the homo oeconomicus ludens.

    PubMed

    Hüsler, Laurenz; Platzer, Erich M

    2014-12-01

    Business Angels invest in start-up companies in their early stage. This type of investor usually has a good knowledge of the start-up's industry sector, and in addition to the funds he invests, his management experience and his network can be useful for start-ups. Business Angel involvement has shown to improve the success rate and the profitability of start-ups. The article depicts the relationship between entrepreneurs and Business Angels in four case examples.

  11. Improving startup graphs of nonunitized turbines

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Trukhnii, A.D.; Shreder, K.; Kochetov, A.A.

    1981-12-01

    The existing startup instructions for nonunitized steam turbines in a number of cases are not optimum from the standpoint of low-cycle fatigue. Lengthening the period of acceleration, holding at idle and loading not only lead to significant startup losses of fuel, but also reduce the low-cycle strength of the rotor. Eliminating these drawbacks within the scope of ordinary technology for startup and in the absence of other factors not associated with low-cycle fatigue will enable us to reduce by more than a factor of two the length of startups from the cold and noncold states and in so doing increasemore » low-cycle lifetime by a factor of 1.5-2. The use of steam with low parameters from a collector is effective at low initial rotor temperatures, in particular, during startups from the cold state. For this case it is possible to increase low-cycle lifetime by almost a factor of 3 by limiting the total startup time by one hour. The use of steam with varying temperatures essentially solved the problem of low-cycle lifetime of a rotor during startups from all heat states, especially from the noncold and hot states. Increasing the radius of curvature of the heat channel during modernization or major overhaul of a turbine will enable us to increase its low-cycle lifetime by a factor of 2-4.« less

  12. The Phillips Laboratory capillary pumped loop test facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gluck, Donald F.; Kaylor, Marc C.

    1996-03-01

    An ammonia capillary pumped loop (CPL) test facility has been designed, fabricated, subject to acceptance tests, and assembled at Phillips Laboratory. Its intent is to support a wide range of Air Force programs, bringing CPL technology to flight readiness for operational systems. The facility provides a high degree of modularity and flexibility with several heating and cooling options, and capability for elevation (+/- 15 in.), tilt (+/-60°) and transport length variation. It has a 182 by 44 by 84 inch envelope, an expected heat load capability of 2500 W, and a temperature range of 0 to 50 °C. The evaporator section has two plates with four capillary pumps (CPs) each, with a starter pump on one plate. The CPs are 5/8 in., with TAG aluminum 6063-T6 casing and UHMW polyethylene wicks. The active lengths are 15 and 30 inch with both 10 and 15 micron wicks. The individual CPs have thermal and hydraulic isolation capability, and are removable. The transport section consists of stainless steel lines in a serpentine configuration, a 216 in3 free volume reservoir, and a mechanical pump. The vapor transport line contains a capillary device (which can be bypassed) for vapor blockage during startup. The condenser consists of two separately valved, parallel cold plates each with a downstream noncondensible gas trap. Cooling of up to 1500 W at -50 °C is provided by an FTS Systems chiller using Flourinert FC-72. An enclosure/exhaust system is provided for safety and emergency venting of ammonia. An ammonia charge station performs or supports the functions of proof pressure, flushing with ammonia, purging with gaseous nitrogen, evacuation of all or part of the CPL to 20 microns, and charging. Instrumentation consists of over 116 thermocouples, five of which are internal; one absolute and six differential pressure transducers; eleven watt transducers, and a reservoir load cell. The data acquisition system consists of a temperature scanner, Bernoulli drive, and two Macintosh computers using LabView software. Data scanning and storage as rapid as once every three seconds for thermocouples and once per 0.6 seconds for transducers is supported.

  13. 40 CFR 63.9610 - What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... section at all times, except during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. The terms startup... develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan according to the provisions in § 63.6(e)(3). [68...

  14. Sonic limitations and startup problems of heat pipes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Deverall, J. E.; Kemme, J. E.; Florschuetz, L. W.

    1972-01-01

    Introduction of small amounts of inert, noncombustible gas aids startup in certain types of heat pipes. When the heat pipe is closely coupled to the heat sink, the startup system must be designed to bring the heat sink on-line slowly.

  15. 30 CFR 250.524 - When am I required to take action from my casing diagnostic test?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    .../casing, tubing/riser, casing/casing, riser/casing, or riser/riser communication; (d) Any well that has... initial startup operations described in § 250.521; (e) Any hybrid well with casing or riser pressure...

  16. Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) Final Test Report of DM LHP TV Testing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, Charles

    2000-01-01

    Two loop heat pipes (LHPs) are to be used for thermal control of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), planned for flight in 2001. One LHP will be used to transport 100 W from a laser to the radiator, the other will transport 210 W from electronic boxes to the radiator. In order to verify the LHP design for the GLAS application, an LHP Development Model has been fabricated, and ambient and thermal vacuum tested. Two aluminum blocks of 15 kg and 30 kg, respectively, were attached to the LHP to simulate the thermal masses connected to the heat sources. A 20 W starter heater was installed on the evaporator to aid the loop startup. A new concept to thermally couple the vapor and liquid line was also incorporated in the LHP design. Such a thermal coupling would reduce the power requirement on the compensation chamber in order to maintain the loop set point temperature. To avoid freezing of the liquid in the condenser during cold cases, propylene was selected as the working fluid. The LHP was tested under reflux mode and with adverse elevation. Tests conducted included start-up, power cycle, steady state and transient operation during hot and cold cases, and heater power requirements for the set point temperature control of the LHP. Test results showed very successful operation of the LHP under all conditions. The 20 W starter heater proved necessary in order to start the loop when a large thermal mass was attached to the evaporator. The thermal coupling between the liquid line and the vapor line significantly reduced the heater power required for loop temperature control, which was less than 5 watts in all cases, including a cold radiator. The test also demonstrated successful operation with a propylene working fluid, with successful startups with condenser temperatures as low as 100 C. Furthermore, the test demonstrated accurate control of the loop operating temperature within +/- 0.2 C, and a successful shutdown of the loop during the survival mode of operation.

  17. Thermal Vacuum Test of GLAS Propylene Loop Heat Pipe Development Model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, Charles; Butler, Dan; Ku, Jentung; Kaya, Tarik; Nikitkin, Michael

    2000-01-01

    This paper presents viewgraphs on Thermal Vacuum Tests of the GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) Propylene Loop Heat Pipe Development Model. The topics include: 1) Flight LHP System (Laser); 2) Test Design and Objectives; 3) DM (Development Model) LHP (Loop Heat Pipe) Test Design; 4) Starter Heater and Coupling Blocks; 5) CC Control Heaters and PRT; 6) Heater Plates (Shown in Reflux Mode); 7) Startup Tests; 8) CC Control Heater Power Tests for CC Temperature Control; and 9) Control Temperature Stability.

  18. A Reload and Startup Plan for and #8233;Conversion of the NIST Research Reactor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Diamond, D. J.; Varuttamaseni, A.

    The National Institute of Standards and Technology operates a 20 MW research reactor for neutron-based research. The heavy-water moderated and cooled reactor is fueled with high-enriched uranium (HEU) but a program to convert the reactor to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel is underway. Among other requirements, a reload and startup test plan must be submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for their approval. The NRC provides guidance for what should be in the plan to ensure that the licensee has sufficient information to operate the reactor safely. Hence, a plan has been generated consisting of two parts.The reload portionmore » of the plan specifies the fuel management whereby initially only two LEU fuel elements are in the core for eight fuel cycles. This is repeated until a point when the optimum approach is to place four fresh LEU elements into the reactor each cycle. This final transition is repeated and after eight cycles the reactor is completely fueled with LEU. By only adding two LEU fuel elements initially, the plan allows for the consumption of HEU fuel elements that are expected to be in storage at the time of conversion and provides additional qualification of production LEU fuel under actual operating conditions. Because the reload is to take place over many fuel cycles, startup tests will be done at different stages of the conversion. The tests, to be compared with calculations to show that the reactor will operate as planned, are the measurement of critical shim arm position and shim arm and regulating rod reactivity worths. An acceptance criterion for each test is specified based on technical specifications that relate to safe operation. Additional tests are being considered that have less safety significance but may be of interest to bolster the validation of analysis tools.« less

  19. A reload and startup plan for conversion of the NIST research reactor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    D. J. Diamond

    The National Institute of Standards and Technology operates a 20 MW research reactor for neutron-based research. The heavy-water moderated and cooled reactor is fueled with high-enriched uranium (HEU) but a program to convert the reactor to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel is underway. Among other requirements, a reload and startup test plan must be submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for their approval. The NRC provides guidance for what should be in the plan to ensure that the licensee has sufficient information to operate the reactor safely. Hence, a plan has been generated consisting of two parts. The reloadmore » portion of the plan specifies the fuel management whereby initially only two LEU fuel elements are in the core for eight fuel cycles. This is repeated until a point when the optimum approach is to place four fresh LEU elements into the reactor each cycle. This final transition is repeated and after eight cycles the reactor is completely fueled with LEU. By only adding two LEU fuel elements initially, the plan allows for the consumption of HEU fuel elements that are expected to be in storage at the time of conversion and provides additional qualification of production LEU fuel under actual operating conditions. Because the reload is to take place over many fuel cycles, startup tests will be done at different stages of the conversion. The tests, to be compared with calculations to show that the reactor will operate as planned, are the measurement of critical shim arm position and shim arm and regulating rod reactivity worths. An acceptance criterion for each test is specified based on technical specifications that relate to safe operation. Additional tests are being considered that have less safety significance but may be of interest to bolster the validation of analysis tools.« less

  20. A program for preserving and advancing nuclear power in the USA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1988-05-01

    In the USA, utilities are very unlikely to begin ordering any new nuclear plants for use before the year 2000. Too many obstacles currently exist. On the other hand, long-term influences ultimately will force construction of more nuclear units. The problem is whether to do nothing now, and wait until economic forces dictate action, or begin meaningful preparations for the future. Approximately 100 nuclear plants currently are operating in the USA and another dozen will start up within the next few years. Completion of those plants will mark the end of new startups for more than a decade to come.more » Many nuclear facilities have already operated for 10 to 20 years, and in some cases longer. While the average operating lifetime of nuclear stations has yet to be determined, 30 to 50 years is usually assumed. Therefore, as plants age, decommissioning will be necessary and the number of operating units will steadily decline. Nuclear energy production will peak (after new startups) at approximately 20 percent of total national electricity production and, as decommissioning accelerates, will decline towards zero during the first few decades of the next century. All types of power plants age and must eventually be replaced. Furthermore, even taking into account modest growth and ever improving conservation, increasing demand will require the building of several hundred new electrical generating facilities during the next several decades. What types of generating plants will be built is not clear. Will coal satisfy all our needs? Most unlikely. Oil? Out of the question. Natural gas? A share. Hydro? Few new dams will be built. Passive energies, such as solar? A minor fraction. Do without nuclear power? Most unlikely.« less

  1. 76 FR 30925 - Information Collection; Submission for OMB Review, Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-27

    .../startup): None. Total Burden Cost (operating/maintenance): None. Instrument: Application and Budget.../startup): None. Total Burden Cost (operating/maintenance): None. AmeriCorps\\*\\VISTA Project Progress...,800 hours. Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): None. Total Burden Cost (operating/maintenance): None...

  2. 40 CFR 63.1354 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup, shutdown, and... report. Reports shall only be required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction occurred during the...

  3. University Start-ups: A Better Business Model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dehn, J.; Webley, P. W.

    2015-12-01

    Many universities look to start-up companies as a way to attract faculty, supporting research and students as traditional federal sources become harder to come by. University affiliated start-up companies can apply for a broader suite of grants, as well as market their services to a broad customer base. Often university administrators see this as a potential panacea, but national statistics show this is not the case. Rarely do universities profit significantly from their start-ups. With a success rates of around 20%, most start-ups end up costing the university money as well as faculty-time. For the faculty, assuming they want to continue in academia, a start-up is often unattractive because it commonly leads out of academia. Running a successful business as well as maintaining a strong teaching and research load is almost impossible to do at the same time. Most business models and business professionals work outside of academia, and the models taught in business schools do not merge well in a university environment. To mitigate this a new business model is proposed where university start-ups are aligned with the academic and research missions of the university. A university start-up must work within the university, directly support research and students, and the work done maintaining the business be recognized as part of the faculty member's university obligations. This requires a complex conflict of interest management plan and for the companies to be non-profit in order to not jeopardize the university's status. This approach may not work well for all universities, but would be ideal for many to conserve resources and ensure a harmonious relationship with their start-ups and faculty.

  4. A novel transient wall heat transfer approach for the start-up of SI engines with gasoline direct injection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lejsek, David; Kulzer, André; Hammer, Jürgen

    2010-11-01

    The introduction of CO2-reduction technologies like Start-Stop or the Hybrid-Powertrain and the worldwide stringent emission legislation require a detailed optimization of the engine start-up. The combustion concept development as well as the calibration of the engine control unit makes an explicit thermodynamic analysis of the combustion process during the start-up necessary. Initially, the well-known thermodynamic analysis of in-cylinder pressure at stationary condition was transmitted to the highly non-stationary engine start-up. For this running mode of the engine the current models for calculation of the transient wall heat fluxes were found to be misleading. With a fraction of nearly 45% of the burned fuel energy, the wall heat is very important for the calculation of energy balance and for the combustion process analysis. Based on the measurements of transient wall heat transfer densities during the start-up presented in a former work (Lejsek and Kulzer in Investigations on the transient wall heat transfer at start-up for SI engines with gasoline direct injection. SAE Paper), the paper describes the development of adaptations to the known correlations by Woschni (MTZ 31:491, 1970), Hohenberg (Experimentelle Erfassung der Wandwärme von Kolbenmotoren. TU Graz, Habil., 1980) and Bargende (Ein Gleichungsansatz zur Berechnung der instationären Wandwärmeverluste im Hochdruckteil von Ottomotoren. TH Darmstadt, PhD-Thesis, 1991) for the application during engine start-up. To demonstrate the high accuracy of the model, the results of the cyclic resolved thermodynamic analysis using the presented novel approaches were compared with the results of the measurements. It is shown, that the novel heat flux models for the engine start-up process gives a cyclic resolved thermodynamic analysis to optimize the engine start-up pretty efficient.

  5. Petroleum and hazardous material releases from industrial facilities associated with Hurricane Katrina.

    PubMed

    Santella, Nicholas; Steinberg, Laura J; Sengul, Hatice

    2010-04-01

    Hurricane Katrina struck an area dense with industry, causing numerous releases of petroleum and hazardous materials. This study integrates information from a number of sources to describe the frequency, causes, and effects of these releases in order to inform analysis of risk from future hurricanes. Over 200 onshore releases of hazardous chemicals, petroleum, or natural gas were reported. Storm surge was responsible for the majority of petroleum releases and failure of storage tanks was the most common mechanism of release. Of the smaller number of hazardous chemical releases reported, many were associated with flaring from plant startup, shutdown, or process upset. In areas impacted by storm surge, 10% of the facilities within the Risk Management Plan (RMP) and Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) databases and 28% of SIC 1311 facilities experienced accidental releases. In areas subject only to hurricane strength winds, a lower fraction (1% of RMP and TRI and 10% of SIC 1311 facilities) experienced a release while 1% of all facility types reported a release in areas that experienced tropical storm strength winds. Of industrial facilities surveyed, more experienced indirect disruptions such as displacement of workers, loss of electricity and communication systems, and difficulty acquiring supplies and contractors for operations or reconstruction (55%), than experienced releases. To reduce the risk of hazardous material releases and speed the return to normal operations under these difficult conditions, greater attention should be devoted to risk-based facility design and improved prevention and response planning.

  6. A single center analysis of factors influencing study start-up timeline in clinical trials.

    PubMed

    Krafcik, Brianna M; Doros, Gheorghe; Malikova, Marina A

    2017-11-01

    Efficient start-up phase in clinical trials is crucial to execution. The goal was to determine factors contributing to delays. The start-up milestones were assessed for 38 studies and analyzed. Total start-up time was shorter for following studies: device trials, no outsourcing, fewer ancillary services used and in interventional versus observational designs. The use of a centralized Institutional Review Board (IRB) versus a local IRB reduced time to approval. Studies that never enrolled took longer on average to finalize their budget/contract, and obtain IRB than ones that did enroll. Different features of clinical trials can affect timeline of start-up process. An understanding of the impact of each feature allows for optimization.

  7. Feasibility of a medium-size central cogenerated energy facility, energy management memorandum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Porter, R. W.

    1982-09-01

    The thermal-economic feasibility was studied of a medium-size central cogenerated energy facility designed to serve five varied industries. Generation options included one dual-fuel diesel and one gas turbine, both with waste heat boilers, and five fired boilers. Fuels included natural gas, and for the fired-boiler cases, also low-sulphur coal and municipal refuse. The fired-boiler cogeneration systems employed back-pressure steam turbines. For coal and refuse, the option of steam only without cogeneration was also assessed. The refuse-fired cases utilized modular incinerators. The options provided for a wide range of steam and electrical capacities. Deficient steam was assumed generated independently in existing equipment. Excess electrical power over that which could be displaced was assumed sold to Commonwealth Edison Company under PURPA (Public Utility Regulator Policies Act). The facility was assumed operated by a mutually owned corporation formed by the cogenerated power users. The economic analysis was predicted on currently applicable energy-investment tax credits and accelerated depreciation for a January 1985 startup date. Based on 100% equity financing, the results indicated that the best alternative was the modular-incinerator cogeneration system.

  8. Arcjet component conditions through a multistart test

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Curran, Frank M.; Haag, Thomas W.

    1987-01-01

    A low power, dc arcjet thruster was tested for starting reliability using hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures simulating the decomposition products of hydrazine. More than 300 starts were accumulated in phases with extended burn-in periods interlaced. A high degree of flow stabilization was built into the arcjet and the power supply incorporated both rapid current regulation and a high voltage, pulsed starting circuit. A nominal current level of 10 A was maintained throughout the test. Photomicrographs of the cathode tip showed a rapid recession to a steady-state operating geometry. A target of 300 starts was selected, as this represents significantly more than anticipated (150 to 240), in missions of 10 yr or less duration. Weighings showed no apparent mass loss. Some anode erosion was observed, particularly at the entrance to the constrictor. This was attributed to the brief period during startup the arc mode attachment point spends in the high pressure region upstream of the nozzle. Based on the results obtained, startup does not appear to be performance or life limiting for the number of starts typical of operational satellite applications.

  9. Neutronics Analyses of the Minimum Original HEU TREAT Core

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kontogeorgakos, D.; Connaway, H.; Yesilyurt, G.

    2014-04-01

    This work was performed to support the feasibility study on the potential conversion of the Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT) at Idaho National Laboratory from the use of high-enriched uranium (HEU) fuel to the use of low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. The analyses were performed by the GTRI Reactor Conversion staff at the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The objective of this study was to validate the MCNP model of the TREAT reactor with the well-documented measurements which were taken during the start-up and early operation of TREAT. Furthermore, the effect of carbon graphitization was also addressed. The graphitization level was assumedmore » to be 100% (ANL/GTRI/TM-13/4). For this purpose, a set of experiments was chosen to validate the TREAT MCNP model, involving the approach to criticality procedure, in-core neutron flux measurements with foils, and isothermal temperature coefficient and temperature distribution measurements. The results of this study extended the knowledge base for the TREAT MCNP calculations and established the credibility of the MCNP model to be used in the core conversion feasibility analysis.« less

  10. Cycling operation of fossil plants

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bhatnagar, U.S.; Weiss, M.D.; White, W.H.

    1991-05-01

    This report presents a methodology for examining the economic feasibility of converting fossil power plants from baseload to cycling service. It employs this approach to examine a proposed change of Pepco's Potomac River units 3, 4, and 5 from baseload operation of two-shift cycling. The project team first reviewed all components and listed potential cycling effects involved in the conversion of Potomac River units 3, 4, and 5. They developed general cycling plant screening criteria including the number of hot, warm, or cold restart per year and desired load ramp rates. In addition, they evaluated specific limitations on the boiler,more » turbine, and the balance of plant. They estimated the remaining life of the facility through component evaluation and boiler testing and also identified and prioritized potential component deficiencies by their impact on key operational factors: safety, heat rate, turn down, startup/shutdown time, and plant availability. They developed solutions to these problems; and, since many solutions mitigate more than one problem, they combined and reprioritized these synergistic solutions. Economic assessments were performed on all solutions. 13 figs., 20 tabs.« less

  11. 20 CFR 632.254 - Program startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Program startup. 632.254 Section 632.254 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INDIAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS Summer Youth Employment and Training Programs § 632.254 Program startup...

  12. 40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

  13. 20 CFR 632.254 - Program startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Program startup. 632.254 Section 632.254 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INDIAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS Summer Youth Employment and Training Programs § 632.254 Program startup...

  14. 40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

  15. 40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

  16. 40 CFR 68.52 - Operating procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) Initial startup; (2) Normal operations; (3) Temporary operations; (4) Emergency shutdown and operations; (5) Normal shutdown; (6) Startup following a normal or emergency shutdown or a major change that... are updated, if necessary, whenever a major change occurs and prior to startup of the changed process. ...

  17. 20 CFR 632.254 - Program startup.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Program startup. 632.254 Section 632.254 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INDIAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS Summer Youth Employment and Training Programs § 632.254 Program startup...

  18. 40 CFR 63.1354 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... owner or operator during a startup, shutdown, or malfunction of an affected source (including actions taken to correct a malfunction) are consistent with the procedures specified in the source's startup... information in a semiannual report. Reports shall only be required if a startup, shutdown, or malfunction...

  19. 40 CFR 52.1183 - Visibility protection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... excess emissions that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and... that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions of the unit, the nature and cause of any... startup, shutdown, and malfunction. (viii) All CEMS required by this section must meet the minimum data...

  20. Optimization of Passive Voltage Multipliers for Fast Start-up and Multi-voltage Power Supplies in Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, G.; Stark, B. H.; Burrow, S. G.; Hollis, S. J.

    2014-11-01

    This paper demonstrates the use of passive voltage multipliers for rapid start-up of sub-milliwatt electromagnetic energy harvesting systems. The work describes circuit optimization to make as short as possible the transition from completely depleted energy storage to the first powering-up of an actively controlled switched-mode converter. The dependency of the start-up time on component parameters and topologies is derived by simulation and experimentation. The resulting optimized multiplier design reduces the start-up time from several minutes to 1 second. An additional improvement uses the inherent cascade structure of the voltage multiplier to power sub-systems at different voltages. This multi-rail start-up is shown to reduce the circuit losses of the active converter by 72% with respect to the optimized single-rail system. The experimental results provide insight into the multiplier's transient behaviour, including circuit interactions, in a complete harvesting system, and offer important information to optimize voltage multipliers for rapid start-up.

  1. Evaluation of a Combined Cyclone and Gas Filtration System for Particulate Removal in the Gasification Process

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rizzo, Jeffrey J.

    2010-04-30

    The Wabash gasification facility, owned and operated by sgSolutions LLC, is one of the largest single train solid fuel gasification facilities in the world capable of transforming 2,000 tons per day of petroleum coke or 2,600 tons per day of bituminous coal into synthetic gas for electrical power generation. The Wabash plant utilizes Phillips66 proprietary E-Gas (TM) Gasification Process to convert solid fuels such as petroleum coke or coal into synthetic gas that is fed to a combined cycle combustion turbine power generation facility. During plant startup in 1995, reliability issues were realized in the gas filtration portion of themore » gasification process. To address these issues, a slipstream test unit was constructed at the Wabash facility to test various filter designs, materials and process conditions for potential reliability improvement. The char filtration slipstream unit provided a way of testing new materials, maintenance procedures, and process changes without the risk of stopping commercial production in the facility. It also greatly reduced maintenance expenditures associated with full scale testing in the commercial plant. This char filtration slipstream unit was installed with assistance from the United States Department of Energy (built under DOE Contract No. DE-FC26-97FT34158) and began initial testing in November of 1997. It has proven to be extremely beneficial in the advancement of the E-Gas (TM) char removal technology by accurately predicting filter behavior and potential failure mechanisms that would occur in the commercial process. After completing four (4) years of testing various filter types and configurations on numerous gasification feed stocks, a decision was made to investigate the economic and reliability effects of using a particulate removal gas cyclone upstream of the current gas filtration unit. A paper study had indicated that there was a real potential to lower both installed capital and operating costs by implementing a char cyclonefiltration hybrid unit in the E-Gas (TM) gasification process. These reductions would help to keep the E-Gas (TM) technology competitive among other coal-fired power generation technologies. The Wabash combined cyclone and gas filtration slipstream test program was developed to provide design information, equipment specification and process control parameters of a hybrid cyclone and candle filter particulate removal system in the E-Gas (TM) gasification process that would provide the optimum performance and reliability for future commercial use. The test program objectives were as follows: 1. Evaluate the use of various cyclone materials of construction; 2. Establish the optimal cyclone efficiency that provides stable long term gas filter operation; 3. Determine the particle size distribution of the char separated by both the cyclone and candle filters. This will provide insight into cyclone efficiency and potential future plant design; 4. Determine the optimum filter media size requirements for the cyclone-filtration hybrid unit; 5. Determine the appropriate char transfer rates for both the cyclone and filtration portions of the hybrid unit; 6. Develop operating procedures for the cyclone-filtration hybrid unit; and, 7. Compare the installed capital cost of a scaled-up commercial cyclone-filtration hybrid unit to the current gas filtration design without a cyclone unit, such as currently exists at the Wabash facility.« less

  2. A post audit of a model-designed ground water extraction system.

    PubMed

    Andersen, Peter F; Lu, Silong

    2003-01-01

    Model post audits test the predictive capabilities of ground water models and shed light on their practical limitations. In the work presented here, ground water model predictions were used to design an extraction/treatment/injection system at a military ammunition facility and then were re-evaluated using site-specific water-level data collected approximately one year after system startup. The water-level data indicated that performance specifications for the design, i.e., containment, had been achieved over the required area, but that predicted water-level changes were greater than observed, particularly in the deeper zones of the aquifer. Probable model error was investigated by determining the changes that were required to obtain an improved match to observed water-level changes. This analysis suggests that the originally estimated hydraulic properties were in error by a factor of two to five. These errors may have resulted from attributing less importance to data from deeper zones of the aquifer and from applying pumping test results to a volume of material that was larger than the volume affected by the pumping test. To determine the importance of these errors to the predictions of interest, the models were used to simulate the capture zones resulting from the originally estimated and updated parameter values. The study suggests that, despite the model error, the ground water model contributed positively to the design of the remediation system.

  3. 40 CFR 63.8445 - How do I conduct performance tests and establish operating limits?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... startup, shutdown, or malfunction, as specified in § 63.7(e)(1). (f) You must conduct at least three... changes. (ii) The type of monitoring device or procedure that will be used. (iii) The operating parameters...

  4. Emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase distributions of PCDD/F in a hazardous waste incinerator under transient conditions

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Chao; Cen, Kefa; Ni, Mingjiang; Li, Xiaodong

    2018-01-01

    Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emission characteristics and vapour/particulate phase partitions under three continued operation conditions, i.e. shut-down, start-up and after start-up, were investigated by sampling stack gas. The results indicated that the PCDD/F emission levels were 0.40–18.03 ng I-TEQ Nm−3, much higher than the annual monitoring level (0.016 ng I-TEQ Nm−3). Additionally, the PCDD/F emission levels in start-up were higher than the other two conditions. Furthermore, the PCDD/F congener profiles differed markedly between shut-down and start-up, and the chlorination degree of PCDD/F increased in shut-down and decreased evidently in start-up. Moreover, PCDD/F vapour/particulate phase distributions varied significantly under three transient conditions. The PCDD/F vapour phase proportion decreased as the shut-down process continued, then increased as the start-up process proceeded, finally more than 98% of the PCDD/F congeners were distributed in the vapour phase after start-up. The correlations between log(Cv/Cs) versus log pL0 of each PCDD/F congener in stack gas were disorganized in shut-down, and trend to a linear distribution after start-up. Besides, polychlorinated biphenyl emissions show behaviour similar to that of PCDD/F, and the lower chlorinated congeners have a stronger relationship with 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, such as M1CB and D2CB. PMID:29410821

  5. SNAP 10A FS-3 reactor performance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hawley, J.P.; Johnson, R.A.

    1966-08-15

    SNAP 10FS-3 was the first flight-qualified SNAP reactor system to be operated in a simulated space environment. Prestart-up qualification testing, automatic start-up, endurance period performance, extended operation test and reactor shutdown are described as they affected, or were affected by, overall reactor performance. Performance of the reactor control system and the diagnostic instrumentation is critically evaluted.

  6. 40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

  7. 40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

  8. 40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

  9. 40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

  10. 40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

  11. 40 CFR 63.1164 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... written extension of compliance. (c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports. Section 63.6(e... by the standard at all times, including during any period of startup, shutdown, or malfunction...)(3) of subpart A of this part, the owner or operator shall develop a written startup, shutdown, and...

  12. 40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

  13. 40 CFR 63.2862 - What records must I keep?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the... such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation... inventory. (ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup...

  14. Lessons Learned about Liquid Metal Reactors from FFTF Experience

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wootan, David W.; Casella, Andrew M.; Omberg, Ronald P.

    2016-09-20

    The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) is the most recent liquid-metal reactor (LMR) to operate in the United States, from 1982 to 1992. FFTF is located on the DOE Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. The 400-MWt sodium-cooled, low-pressure, high-temperature, fast-neutron flux, nuclear fission test reactor was designed specifically to irradiate Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor (LMFBR) fuel and components in prototypical temperature and flux conditions. FFTF played a key role in LMFBR development and testing activities. The reactor provided extensive capability for in-core irradiation testing, including eight core positions that could be used with independent instrumentation for the test specimens.more » In addition to irradiation testing capabilities, FFTF provided long-term testing and evaluation of plant components and systems for LMFBRs. The FFTF was highly successful and demonstrated outstanding performance during its nearly 10 years of operation. The technology employed in designing and constructing this reactor, as well as information obtained from tests conducted during its operation, can significantly influence the development of new advanced reactor designs in the areas of plant system and component design, component fabrication, fuel design and performance, prototype testing, site construction, and reactor operations. The FFTF complex included the reactor, as well as equipment and structures for heat removal, containment, core component handling and examination, instrumentation and control, and for supplying utilities and other essential services. The FFTF Plant was designed using a “system” concept. All drawings, specifications and other engineering documentation were organized by these systems. Efforts have been made to preserve important lessons learned during the nearly 10 years of reactor operation. A brief summary of Lessons Learned in the following areas will be discussed: Acceptance and Startup Testing of FFTF FFTF Cycle Reports« less

  15. Control of Propellant Lead/Lag to the LAE in the AXAF Propulsion System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Casillas, A. R.; Eninger, J.; Joseph, G.; Kenney, J.; Trinidad, M.

    1998-01-01

    Control of the rate at which hypergolic propellants are supplied to a rocket engine prior to ignition is critically important. Potentially damaging explosions may result from excessive lead of either propellant into the combustion chamber. Because the injector fill process is governed by the engine as well as the propellant feed system design, proper management of this issue must take both into consideration. This was recognized early in the development of TRW's Advanced Columbium-Liquid Apogee Engine (LAE), which was flight-qualified in 1996 to maneuver the Advanced X-Ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) spacecraft into orbit. The LAE runs on hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide (MON-3) at a nominal mixture ratio of 1.0. This paper describes the comprehensive test program conducted to ensure reliable startup operation of the LAE in the AYAF propulsion system. The most significant factors affecting chamber fuel lead were found to be: (1) engine location, (2) propellant saturation level, (3) amount of undissolved gas in the lines, and (4) off- nominal tank pressures. Hot-fire tests at a chamber fuel lead range over and above that expected for the LAEs in AXAF demonstrated extremely tolerant behavior of the engine. AY-AF is scheduled for launch on NASA's STS-93 in December 1998.

  16. Reusability aspects for space transportation rocket engines: programmatic status and outlook

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Preclik, D.; Strunz, R.; Hagemann, G.; Langel, G.

    2011-09-01

    Rocket propulsion systems belong to the most critical subsystems of a space launch vehicle, being illustrated in this paper by comparing different types of transportation systems. The aspect of reusability is firstly discussed for the space shuttle main engine, the only rocket engine in the world that has demonstrated multiple reuses. Initial projections are contrasted against final reusability achievements summarizing three decades of operating the space shuttle main engine. The discussion is then extended to engines employed on expendable launch vehicles with an operational life requirement typically specifying structural integrities up to 20 cycles (start-ups) and an accumulated burning time of about 6,000 s (Vulcain engine family). Today, this life potential substantially exceeds the duty cycle of an expendable engine. It is actually exploited only during the development and qualification phase of an engine when system reliability is demonstrated on ground test facilities with a reduced number of hardware sets that are subjected to an extended number of test cycles and operation time. The paper will finally evaluate the logic and effort necessary to qualify a reusable engine for a required reliability and put this result in context of possible cost savings realized from reuse operations over a time span of 25 years.

  17. Hall Thruster Thermal Modeling and Test Data Correlation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Myers, James

    2016-01-01

    HERMeS - Hall Effect Rocket with Magnetic Shielding. Developed through a joint effort by NASA/GRC and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Design goals: High power (12.5 kW) high Isp (3000 sec), high efficiency (> 60%), high throughput (10,000 kg), reduced plasma erosion and increased life (5 yrs) to support Asteroid Redirect Robotic Mission (ARRM). Further details see "Performance, Facility Pressure Effects and Stability Characterization Tests of NASAs HERMeS Thruster" by H. Kamhawi and team. Hall Thrusters (HT) inherently operate at elevated temperatures approx. 600 C (or more). Due to electric magnetic (E x B) fields used to ionize and accelerate propellant gas particles (i.e., plasma). Cooling is largely limited to radiation in vacuum environment.Thus the hardware components must withstand large start-up delta-T's. HT's are constructed of multiple materials; assorted metals, non-metals and ceramics for their required electrical and magnetic properties. To mitigate thermal stresses HT design must accommodate the differential thermal growth from a wide range of material Coef. of Thermal Expansion (CTEs). Prohibiting the use of some bolted/torqued interfaces.Commonly use spring loaded interfaces, particularly at the metal-to-ceramic interfaces to allow for slippage.However most component interfaces must also effectively conduct heat to the external surfaces for dissipation by radiation.Thus contact pressure and area are important.

  18. COMMERCIAL DEMONSTRATION OF THE MANUFACTURED AGGREGATE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY UTILIZING SPRAY DRYER ASH

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Roy Scandrol

    2003-04-01

    Universal Aggregates, LLC proposes to design, construct and operate a lightweight aggregate manufacturing plant at the Birchwood Power Facility in King George, Virginia. The installation and start-up expenses for the Birchwood Aggregate Facility are $19.5 million. The DOE share is $7.2 million (37%) and the Universal Aggregates share is $12.3 (63%). The project team consists of CONSOL Energy Inc., P.J. Dick, Inc., SynAggs, LLC, and Universal Aggregates, LLC. The Birchwood Facility will transform 115,000 tons per year of spray dryer by-products that are currently being disposed of in an offsite landfill into 167,000 tons of a useful product, lightweight aggregatesmore » that can be used to manufacture lightweight aggregates that can be used to manufacture lightweight and medium weight masonry blocks. In addition to the environmental benefits, the Birchwood Facility will create eight (8) manufacturing jobs plus additional employment in the local trucking industry to deliver the aggregate to customers or reagents to the facility. A successful demonstration would lead to additional lightweight aggregate manufacturing facilities in the United States. There are currently twenty-one (21) spray dryer facilities operating in the United States that produce an adequate amount of spray dryer by-product to economically justify the installation of a lightweight aggregate manufacturing facility. Industry sources believe that as additional scrubbing is required, dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies will be the technology of choice. Letters from potential lightweight aggregate customers indicate that there is a market for the product once the commercialization barriers are eliminated by this demonstration project.« less

  19. Facilitymetrics for Big Ocean Science: Towards Improved Measurement of Scientific Impact

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juniper, K.; Owens, D.; Moran, K.; Pirenne, B.; Hallonsten, O.; Matthews, K.

    2016-12-01

    Cabled ocean observatories are examples of "Big Science" facilities requiring significant public investments for installation and ongoing maintenance. Large observatory networks in Canada and the United States, for example, have been established after extensive up-front planning and hundreds of millions of dollars in start-up costs. As such, they are analogous to particle accelerators and astronomical observatories, which may often be required to compete for public funding in an environment of ever-tightening national science budget allocations. Additionally, the globalization of Big Science compels these facilities to respond to increasing demands for demonstrable productivity, excellence and competitiveness. How should public expenditures on "Big Science" facilities be evaluated and justified in terms of benefits to the countries that invest in them? Published literature counts are one quantitative measure often highlighted in the annual reports of large science facilities. But, as recent research has demonstrated, publication counts can lead to distorted characterizations of scientific impact, inviting evaluators to calculate scientific outputs in terms of costs per publication—a ratio that can be simplistically misconstrued to conclude Big Science is wildly expensive. Other commonly promoted measurements of Big Science facilities include technical reliability (a.k.a. uptime), provision of training opportunities for Highly Qualified Personnel, generation of commercialization opportunities, and so forth. "Facilitymetrics" is a new empirical focus for scientometrical studies, which has been applied to the evaluation and comparison of synchrotron facilities. This paper extends that quantitative and qualitative examination to a broader inter-disciplinary comparison of Big Science facilities in the ocean science realm to established facilities in the fields of astronomy and particle physics.

  20. Facilitymetrics for Big Ocean Science: Towards Improved Measurement of Scientific Impact

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juniper, K.; Owens, D.; Moran, K.; Pirenne, B.; Hallonsten, O.; Matthews, K.

    2016-02-01

    Cabled ocean observatories are examples of "Big Science" facilities requiring significant public investments for installation and ongoing maintenance. Large observatory networks in Canada and the United States, for example, have been established after extensive up-front planning and hundreds of millions of dollars in start-up costs. As such, they are analogous to particle accelerators and astronomical observatories, which may often be required to compete for public funding in an environment of ever-tightening national science budget allocations. Additionally, the globalization of Big Science compels these facilities to respond to increasing demands for demonstrable productivity, excellence and competitiveness. How should public expenditures on "Big Science" facilities be evaluated and justified in terms of benefits to the countries that invest in them? Published literature counts are one quantitative measure often highlighted in the annual reports of large science facilities. But, as recent research has demonstrated, publication counts can lead to distorted characterizations of scientific impact, inviting evaluators to calculate scientific outputs in terms of costs per publication—a ratio that can be simplistically misconstrued to conclude Big Science is wildly expensive. Other commonly promoted measurements of Big Science facilities include technical reliability (a.k.a. uptime), provision of training opportunities for Highly Qualified Personnel, generation of commercialization opportunities, and so forth. "Facilitymetrics" is a new empirical focus for scientometrical studies, which has been applied to the evaluation and comparison of synchrotron facilities. This paper extends that quantitative and qualitative examination to a broader inter-disciplinary comparison of Big Science facilities in the ocean science realm to established facilities in the fields of astronomy and particle physics.

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