Artifacts in slab average-intensity-projection images reformatted from JPEG 2000 compressed thin-section abdominal CT data sets.

PubMed

Kim, Bohyoung; Lee, Kyoung Ho; Kim, Kil Joong; Mantiuk, Rafal; Kim, Hye-ri; Kim, Young Hoon

2008-06-01

The objective of our study was to assess the effects of compressing source thin-section abdominal CT images on final transverse average-intensity-projection (AIP) images. At reversible, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, and 15:1 Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) 2000 compressions, we compared the artifacts in 20 matching compressed thin sections (0.67 mm), compressed thick sections (5 mm), and AIP images (5 mm) reformatted from the compressed thin sections. The artifacts were quantitatively measured with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and a perceptual quality metric (High Dynamic Range Visual Difference Predictor [HDR-VDP]). By comparing the compressed and original images, three radiologists independently graded the artifacts as 0 (none, indistinguishable), 1 (barely perceptible), 2 (subtle), or 3 (significant). Friedman tests and exact tests for paired proportions were used. At irreversible compressions, the artifacts tended to increase in the order of AIP, thick-section, and thin-section images in terms of PSNR (p < 0.0001), HDR-VDP (p < 0.0001), and the readers' grading (p < 0.01 at 6:1 or higher compressions). At 6:1 and 8:1, distinguishable pairs (grades 1-3) tended to increase in the order of AIP, thick-section, and thin-section images. Visually lossless threshold for the compression varied between images but decreased in the order of AIP, thick-section, and thin-section images (p < 0.0001). Compression artifacts in thin sections are significantly attenuated in AIP images. On the premise that thin sections are typically reviewed using an AIP technique, it is justifiable to compress them to a compression level currently accepted for thick sections.

One-dimensional reduction of viscous jets. I. Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pitrou, Cyril

2018-04-01

We build a general formalism to describe thin viscous jets as one-dimensional objects with an internal structure. We present in full generality the steps needed to describe the viscous jets around their central line, and we argue that the Taylor expansion of all fields around that line is conveniently expressed in terms of symmetric trace-free tensors living in the two dimensions of the fiber sections. We recover the standard results of axisymmetric jets and we report the first and second corrections to the lowest order description, also allowing for a rotational component around the axis of symmetry. When applied to generally curved fibers, the lowest order description corresponds to a viscous string model whose sections are circular. However, when including the first corrections, we find that curved jets generically develop elliptic sections. Several subtle effects imply that the first corrections cannot be described by a rod model since it amounts to selectively discard some corrections. However, in a fast rotating frame, we find that the dominant effects induced by inertial and Coriolis forces should be correctly described by rod models. For completeness, we also recover the constitutive relations for forces and torques in rod models and exhibit a missing term in the lowest order expression of viscous torque. Given that our method is based on tensors, the complexity of all computations has been beaten down by using an appropriate tensor algebra package such as xAct, allowing us to obtain a one-dimensional description of curved viscous jets with all the first order corrections consistently included. Finally, we find a description for straight fibers with elliptic sections as a special case of these results, and recover that ellipticity is dynamically damped by surface tension. An application to toroidal viscous fibers is presented in the companion paper [Pitrou, Phys. Rev. E 97, 043116 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevE.97.043116].

Content Model Use and Development to Redeem Thin Section Records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hills, D. J.

2014-12-01

The National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) is a catalog of documents and datasets that provide information about geothermal resources located primarily within the United States. The goal of NGDS is to make large quantities of geothermal-relevant geoscience data available to the public by creating a national, sustainable, distributed, and interoperable network of data providers. The Geological Survey of Alabama (GSA) has been a data provider in the initial phase of NGDS. One method by which NGDS facilitates interoperability is through the use of content models. Content models provide a schema (structure) for submitted data. Schemas dictate where and how data should be entered. Content models use templates that simplify data formatting to expedite use by data providers. These methodologies implemented by NGDS can extend beyond geothermal data to all geoscience data. The GSA, using the NGDS physical samples content model, has tested and refined a content model for thin sections and thin section photos. Countless thin sections have been taken from oil and gas well cores housed at the GSA, and many of those thin sections have related photomicrographs. Record keeping for these thin sections has been scattered at best, and it is critical to capture their metadata while the content creators are still available. A next step will be to register the GSA's thin sections with SESAR (System for Earth Sample Registration) and assign an IGSN (International Geo Sample Number) to each thin section. Additionally, the thin section records will be linked to the GSA's online record database. When complete, the GSA's thin sections will be more readily discoverable and have greater interoperability. Moving forward, the GSA is implementing use of NGDS-like content models and registration with SESAR and IGSN to improve collection maintenance and management of additional physical samples.

A microfluidic approach to water-rock interactions using thin rock sections: Pb and U sorption onto thin shale and granite sections.

PubMed

Oh, Youn Soo; Jo, Ho Young; Ryu, Ji-Hun; Kim, Geon-Young

2017-02-15

The feasibility of using microfluidic tests to investigate water-rock (mineral) interactions in fractures regarding sorption onto thin rock sections (i.e., shale and granite) of lead (Pb) and uranium (U) was evaluated using a synthetic PbCl 2 solution and uranium-containing natural groundwater as fluids. Effluent composition and element distribution on the thin rock sections before and after microfluidic testing were analyzed. Most Pb removal (9.8mg/cm 2 ) occurred within 3.5h (140 PVF), which was 74% of the total Pb removal (13.2mg/cm 2 ) at the end of testing (14.5h, 560 PVF). Element composition on the thin shale sections determined by μ-XRF analysis indicated that Pb removal was related primarily to Fe-containing minerals (e.g., pyrite). Two thin granite sections (biotite rich, Bt-R and biotite poor, Bt-P) exhibited no marked difference in uranium removal capacity, but a slightly higher amount of uranium was removed onto the thin Bt-R section (266μg/cm 2 ) than the thin Bt-P section (240μg/cm 2 ) within 120h (4800 PVF). However, uranium could not be detected by micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) analysis, likely due to the detection limit. These results suggest that microfluidic testing on thin rock sections enables quantitative evaluation of rock (mineral)-water interactions at the micro-fracture or pore scale. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carbonaceous Chondrite Thin Section Preparation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrington, R.; Righter, K.

2017-01-01

Carbonaceous chondrite meteorites have long posed a challenge for thin section makers. The variability in sample hardness among the different types, and sometimes within individual sections, creates the need for an adaptable approach at each step of the thin section making process. This poster will share some of the procedural adjustments that have proven to be successful at the NASA JSC Meteorite Thin Section Laboratory. These adjustments are modifications of preparation methods that have been in use for decades and therefore do not require investment in new technology or materials.

Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Meteorites in Thin Section: Preliminary Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Treiman, A. H.; Lanzirotti, A.; Xirouchakis, D.

2004-01-01

X-ray diffraction is the pre-eminent technique for mineral identification and structure determination, but is difficult to apply to grains in thin section, the standard meteorite preparation. Bright focused X-ray beams from synchrotrons have been used extensively in mineralogy and have been applied to extraterrestrial particles. The intensity and small spot size achievable in synchrotron X-ray beams makes them useful for study of materials in thin sections. Here, we describe Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction (SXRD) in thin section as done at the National Synchrotron Light Source, and cite examples of its value for studies of meteorites in thin section.

High resolution study of petroleum source rock variation, Lower Cretaceous (Hauterivian and Barremian) of Mikkelsen Bay, North Slope, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keller, Margaret A.; Macquaker, Joe H.S.; Lillis, Paul G.

2001-01-01

Open File Report 01-480 was designed as a large format poster for the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Society for Sedimentary Geology in Denver Colorado in June 2001. It is reproduced here in digital format to make widely available some unique images of mudstones. The images include description, interpretation, and Rock-Eval data that resulted from a high-resolution study of petroleum source rock variation of the Lower Cretaceous succession of the Mobil-Phillips Mikkelsen Bay State #1 well on the North Slope of Alaska. Our mudstone samples with Rock-Eval data plus color images are significant because they come from one of the few continuously cored and complete intervals of the Lower Cretaceous succession on the North Slope. This succession, which is rarely preserved in outcrop and very rarely cored in the subsurface, is considered to include important petroleum source rocks that have not previously been described nor explained Another reason these images are unique is that the lithofacies variability within mudstone dominated successions is relatively poorly known in comparison with that observed in coarser clastic and carbonate successions. They are also among the first published scans of thin sections of mudstone, and are of excellent quality because the sections are well made, cut perpendicular to bedding, and unusually thin, 20 microns. For each of 15 samples, we show a thin section scan (cm scale) and an optical photomicrograph (mm scale) that illustrates the variability present. Several backscattered SEM images are also shown. Rock-Eval data for the samples can be compared with the textures and mineralogy present by correlating sample numbers and core depth.

Benefit of computer-aided detection analysis for the detection of subsolid and solid lung nodules on thin- and thick-section CT.

PubMed

Godoy, Myrna C B; Kim, Tae Jung; White, Charles S; Bogoni, Luca; de Groot, Patricia; Florin, Charles; Obuchowski, Nancy; Babb, James S; Salganicoff, Marcos; Naidich, David P; Anand, Vikram; Park, Sangmin; Vlahos, Ioannis; Ko, Jane P

2013-01-01

The objective of our study was to evaluate the impact of computer-aided detection (CAD) on the identification of subsolid and solid lung nodules on thin- and thick-section CT. For 46 chest CT examinations with ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules, CAD marks computed using thin data were evaluated in two phases. First, four chest radiologists reviewed thin sections (reader(thin)) for nodules and subsequently CAD marks (reader(thin) + CAD(thin)). After 4 months, the same cases were reviewed on thick sections (reader(thick)) and subsequently with CAD marks (reader(thick) + CAD(thick)). Sensitivities were evaluated. Additionally, reader(thick) sensitivity with assessment of CAD marks on thin sections was estimated (reader(thick) + CAD(thin)). For 155 nodules (mean, 5.5 mm; range, 4.0-27.5 mm)-74 solid nodules, 22 part-solid (part-solid nodules), and 59 GGO nodules-CAD stand-alone sensitivity was 80%, 95%, and 71%, respectively, with three false-positives on average (0-12) per CT study. Reader(thin) + CAD(thin) sensitivities were higher than reader(thin) for solid nodules (82% vs 57%, p < 0.001), part-solid nodules (97% vs 81%, p = 0.0027), and GGO nodules (82% vs 69%, p < 0.001) for all readers (p < 0.001). Respective sensitivities for reader(thick), reader(thick) + CAD(thick), reader(thick) + CAD(thin) were 40%, 58% (p < 0.001), and 77% (p < 0.001) for solid nodules; 72%, 73% (p = 0.322), and 94% (p < 0.001) for part-solid nodules; and 53%, 58% (p = 0.008), and 79% (p < 0.001) for GGO nodules. For reader(thin), false-positives increased from 0.64 per case to 0.90 with CAD(thin) (p < 0.001) but not for reader(thick); false-positive rates were 1.17, 1.19, and 1.26 per case for reader(thick), reader(thick) + CAD(thick), and reader(thick) + CAD(thin), respectively. Detection of GGO nodules and solid nodules is significantly improved with CAD. When interpretation is performed on thick sections, the benefit is greater when CAD marks are reviewed on thin rather than thick sections.

Coast Live Oak Thinning Study in the Central Coast of California

Treesearch

Norman H. Pillsbury; Michael J. DeLasaux; Timothy R. Plumb

1987-01-01

Abstract: Along-term thinning study was established in ten stands of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia N in the Central Coast of California. Information about diameter, basal area, and volume growth and yield is being obtained from unthinned control plots and from plots thinned to 50 and 100 square feet of basal area per acre. Descriptive information was also collected...

Thin Versus Thick Description: Analyzing Representations of People and Their Life Worlds in the Literature of Communication Sciences and Disorders.

PubMed

Hengst, Julie A; Devanga, Suma; Mosier, Hillary

2015-11-01

Evidence-based practice relies on clinicians to translate research evidence for individual clients. This study, the initial phase of a broader research project, examines the textual resources of such translations by analyzing how people with acquired cognitive-communication disorders (ACCD) and their life worlds have been represented in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) research articles. Using textual analysis, we completed a categorical analysis of 6,059 articles published between 1936 and 2012, coding for genre, population, and any evidence of thick representations of people and their life worlds, and a discourse analysis of representations used in 56 ACCD research articles, identifying thin and thick representations in 4 domains (derived from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health) and across article sections. The categorical analysis identified a higher percentage of ACCD articles with some evidence of thick representation (30%) compared with all CSD articles (12%) sampled. However, discourse analysis of ACCD research articles found that thick representations were quite limited; 34/56 articles had thin representational profiles, 19/56 had mixed profiles, and 3/56 had thick profiles. These findings document the dominance of thin representations in the CSD literature, which we suggest makes translational work more difficult. How clinicians translate such evidence will be addressed in the next research phase, an interview study of speech-language pathologists.

Experimental evidence for an optical interference model for vibrational sum frequency generation on multilayer organic thin film systems. I. Electric dipole approximation.

PubMed

O'Brien, Daniel B; Massari, Aaron M

2015-01-14

In the field of vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (VSFG) applied to organic thin film systems, a significant challenge to data analysis is in the accurate description of optical interference effects. Herein, we provide experimental evidence that a model recently developed in our lab provides an accurate description of this phenomenon. We studied the organic small molecule N,N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide vapor deposited as a thickness gradient on silicon wafer substrates with two oxide thicknesses and two surface preps. VSFG data were obtained using the ssp and the sps polarization combinations in the imide carbonyl stretching region as a function of organic thickness. In this first of two reports, the data are modeled and interpreted within the ubiquitous electric dipole approximation for VSFG. The intrinsic sample responses are parameterized during the fitting routines while optical interference effects are simply calculated from the model using known refractive indices, thin film thicknesses, and beam angles. The results indicate that the thin film model provides a good description of optical interferences, indicating that interfacial terms are significant. Inconsistencies between the fitting results within the bounds of the electric dipole response motivate deliberation for additional effects to be considered in the second report.

1,3-Diphenylisobenzofuran: a Model Chromophore for Singlet Fission

DOE PAGES

Johnson, Justin C.; Michl, Josef

2017-09-11

In this review we first provide an introductory description of the singlet fission phenomenon and then describe the ground and electronically excited states of the parent 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran chromophore (1) and about a dozen of its derivatives. A discussion of singlet fission in thin polycrystalline layers of these materials follows. The highest quantum yield of triplet formation by singlet fission, 200% at 80 K, is found in one of the two known crystal modification of the parent. In the other modification and in many derivatives, excimer formation competes successfully and triplet yields are low. A description of solution photophysics of covalentmore » dimers is described in the next section. Triplet yields are very low, but interesting phenomena are uncovered. One is an observation of a separated-charges (charge-transfer) intermediate in highly polar solvents. The other is an observation of excitation isomerism in both singlet and triplet states, where in one isomer the excitation is delocalized over both halves of the covalent dimer, whereas in the other it is localized on one of the halves. Finally, in the last section we present the operation of a simple device illustrating the use of triplets generated by singlet fission for charge separation.« less

Thin sectioning and surface replication of ice at low temperature.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Daley, M.A.; Kirby, S.H.

1984-01-01

We have developed a new technique for making thin sections and surface replicas of ice at temperatures well below 273d K. The ability to make thin sections without melting sample material is important in textural and microstructural studies of ice deformed at low temperatures because of annealing effects we have observed during conventional section making.-from Author

Student Use of Thin Sections in Introductory Geology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Brien, Lawrence

1978-01-01

Thin-section photomicrographs are used to introduce the introductory geology laboratory classes to many of the optical properties of minerals. Evaluation by questionnaire suggests that the study of thin sections has a positive effect on the enjoyment and understanding of rock identification and classification by introductory students. (Author/MA)

Publications - GMC 360 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

DGGS GMC 360 Publication Details Title: Photomicrographs of Petrographic Thin Sections for the Inigok Reference Shell International EP, Inc., 2009, Photomicrographs of Petrographic Thin Sections for the Inigok page for information on ordering data on DVD. Keywords Oil and Gas; Petrographic; Thin Section Top of

Petrology and reservoir quality of the Gaikema Sandstone: Initial impressions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Helmold, Kenneth P.; Stanley, Richard G.

2015-01-01

The Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) and Division of Oil & Gas (DOG) are currently conducting a study of the hydrocarbon potential of Cook Inlet basin (LePain and others, 2011). The Tertiary stratigraphic section of the basin includes coal-bearing units that are prolific gas reservoirs, particularly the Neogene sandstones. The Paleogene sandstones are locally prolific oil reservoirs that are sourced largely from the underlying Middle Jurassic Tuxedni Group. Several large structures act as hydrocarbon traps and the possibility exists for stratigraphic traps although this potential has not been fully exploited. As part of this study a significant number of Tertiary sandstones from the basin have been already collected and analyzed (Helmold and others, 2013). Recent field programs have shifted attention to the Mesozoic stratigraphic section to ascertain whether it contains potential hydrocarbon reservoirs. During the 2013 Cook Inlet field season, two days were spent on the Iniskin Peninsula examining outcrops of the Middle Jurassic Gaikema Sandstone along the south shore of Chinitna Bay (fig. 7-1). A stratigraphic section approximately 34 m in thickness was measured and a detailed description was initiated (Stanley and others, 2015), but due to deteriorating weather it was not possible to complete the description. During the 2014 field season two additional days were spent completing work on the Gaikema section. Analyses of thin sections from six of the samples collected in 2013 are available for incorporation in this report (table 7-1). Data from samples collected during the 2014 field season will be included in future reports.

Estimating pore and cement volumes in thin section

USGS Publications Warehouse

Halley, R.B.

1978-01-01

Point count estimates of pore, grain and cement volumes from thin sections are inaccurate, often by more than 100 percent, even though they may be surprisingly precise (reproducibility + or - 3 percent). Errors are produced by: 1) inclusion of submicroscopic pore space within solid volume and 2) edge effects caused by grain curvature within a 30-micron thick thin section. Submicroscopic porosity may be measured by various physical tests or may be visually estimated from scanning electron micrographs. Edge error takes the form of an envelope around grains and increases with decreasing grain size and sorting, increasing grain irregularity and tighter grain packing. Cements are greatly involved in edge error because of their position at grain peripheries and their generally small grain size. Edge error is minimized by methods which reduce the thickness of the sample viewed during point counting. Methods which effectively reduce thickness include use of ultra-thin thin sections or acetate peels, point counting in reflected light, or carefully focusing and counting on the upper surface of the thin section.

Computer tomographic imaging and anatomic correlation of the human brain: A comparative atlas of thin CT-scan sections and correlated neuro-anatomic preparations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plets, C.; Baert, A.L.; Nijs, G.L.

1986-01-01

It is of the greatest importance to the radiologist, the neurologist and the neurosurgeon to be able to localize topographically a pathological brain process on the CT scan as precisely as possible. For that purpose, the identification of as many anatomical structures as possible on the CT scan image are necessary and indispensable. In this atlas a great number of detailed anatomical data on frontal horizontal CT scan sections, each being only 2 mm thick, are indicated, e.g. the cortical gyri, the basal ganglia, details of the white matter, extracranial muscles and blood vessels, parts of the base and themore » vault of the skull, etc. The very precise topographical description of the numerous CT scan images was realized by the author by confrontation of these images with the corresponding anatomical sections of the same brain specimen, performed by an original technique.« less

AmeriFlux CA-Cha New Brunswick - Charlie Lake site 01 (immature balsam fir forest to be thinned in year 3)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bourque, Charles

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-Cha New Brunswick - Charlie Lake site 01 (immature balsam fir forest to be thinned in year 3). Site Description - mature balsam fir forest

An in vitro method for rapid regeneration of a monopodial orchid hybrid Aranda Deborah using thin section culture.

PubMed

Lakshmanan, P; Loh, C S; Goh, C J

1995-05-01

A thin section culture system for rapid regeneration of the monopodial orchid hybrid Aranda Deborah has been developed. Thin sections (0.6-0.7mm thick) obtained by transverse sectioning of a single shoot tip (6-7mm), when cultured in Vacin and Went medium enriched with coconut water (20% v/v), produced an average 13.6 protocorm-like bodies (PLB) after 45 days, compared to 2.7 PLB formed by a single 6-7 mm long shoot tip under same culture condition. Addition of α-naphthaleneacetic acid to Vacin and Went medium enriched with coconut water further increased PLB production by thin sections. PLB developed into plantlets on solid Vacin and Went medium containing 10% (v/v) coconut water and 0.5 g l(-1) activated charcoal. With this procedure, more than 80,000 plantlets could be produced from thin sections obtained from a single shoot tip in a year as compared to nearly 11,000 plantlets produced by the conventional shoot tip method.

Natural History of the Central Structural Abnormalities in Choroideremia: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

PubMed

Aleman, Tomas S; Han, Grace; Serrano, Leona W; Fuerst, Nicole M; Charlson, Emily S; Pearson, Denise J; Chung, Daniel C; Traband, Anastasia; Pan, Wei; Ying, Gui-Shuang; Bennett, Jean; Maguire, Albert M; Morgan, Jessica I W

2017-03-01

To describe in detail the central retinal structure of a large group of patients with choroideremia (CHM). A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Patients (n = 97, age 6-71 years) with CHM and subjects with normal vision (n = 44; ages 10-50 years) were included. Subjects were examined with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) and near-infrared reflectance imaging. Visual acuity (VA) was measured during their encounter or obtained from recent ophthalmic examinations. Visual thresholds were measured in a subset of patients (n = 24) with automated static perimetry within the central regions (±15°) examined with SD OCT. Visual acuity and visual thresholds; total nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thicknesses; and horizontal extent of the ONL and the photoreceptor outer segment (POS) interdigitation zone (IZ). Earliest abnormalities in regions with normally appearing retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were the loss of the POS and ellipsoid zone associated with rod dysfunction. Transition zones (TZs) from relatively preserved retina to severe ONL thinning and inner retinal thickening moved centripetally with age. Most patients (88%) retained VAs better than 20/40 until their fifth decade of life. The VA decline coincided with migration of the TZ near the foveal center. There were outer retinal tubulations in degenerated, nonatrophic retina in the majority (69%) of patients. In general, RPE abnormalities paralleled photoreceptor degeneration, although there were regions with detectable but abnormally thin ONL co-localizing with severe RPE depigmentation and choroidal thinning. Abnormalities of the POS and rod dysfunction are the earliest central abnormalities observed in CHM. Foveal function is relatively preserved until the fifth decade of life. Migration of the TZs to the foveal center with foveal thinning and structural disorganization heralded central VA loss. The relationships established may help outline the eligibility criteria and outcome measures for clinical trials for CHM. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ground control failures. A pictorial view of case studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peng, S.S.

2007-07-01

The book shows, in pictorial views, many forms and/or stages of types of failures in mines, for instance, cutter, roof falls, and cribs. In each case, the year of occurrence is stated in the beginning so that the environment or technological background under which it occurred are reflected. The narrative than begins with the mining and geological conditions, followed by a description of the ground control problems and recommended solutions and results, if any. The sections cover failure of pillars, roof falls, longwall, roof bolting, multiple-seam mining, floor heave, longwall, flooding and weathering of coal, old workings, and shortwall andmore » thin-seam plow longwall.« less

A comparative analysis of microscopic alterations in modern and ancient undecalcified and decalcified dry bones.

PubMed

Caruso, Valentina; Cummaudo, Marco; Maderna, Emanuela; Cappella, Annalisa; Caudullo, Giorgio; Scarpulla, Valentina; Cattaneo, Cristina

2018-02-01

The present study aims to evaluate the preservation of the microstructure of skeletal remains collected from four different known burial sites (archaeological and contemporary). Histological analysis on undecalcified and decalcified thin sections was performed in order to assess which of the two techniques is more affected by taphonomic insults. A histological analysis was performed on both undecalcified and decalcified thin sections of 40 long bones and the degree of diagenetic change was evaluated using transmitted and polarized light microscopy according to the Oxford Histological Index (OHI). In order to test the optical behavior of bone tissue, thin sections were observed by polarized light microscopy and the intensity of birefringence was evaluated. The more ancient samples are generally characterized by a low OHI (0-1) with extensive microscopic focal destruction; recent samples exhibited a better preservation of bone micromorphology. When comparing undecalcified to decalcified thin sections, the latter showed an amelioration in the conservation of microscopic structure. As regards the birefringence, it was very low in all the undecalcified thin sections, whereas decalcification process seems to improve its visibility. The preservation of the bone microscopic structure appears to be influenced not only by age, but also by the burial context. Undecalcified bones appear to be more affected by taphonomical alterations, probably because of the thickness of the thin sections; on the contrary, decalcified thin sections proved to be able to tackle this issue allowing a better reading of the bone tissue. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Handling Heavenly Jewels - 35 Years of Antarctic Meteorite Processing at Johnson Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Satterwhite, C. E.; McBridge, K. M.; Harrington, R.; Schwarz, C. M.

2011-01-01

The ANSMET program began in 1976, and since that time more than 18,000 meteorites have been processed in the Meteorite Processing Lab at Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX[1]. The meteorites are collected and returned to JSC on a freezer truck and remain frozen until they are initially processed. Initial Processing of Meteorites: Initial processing involves drying the meteorites in a nitrogen glove box for 24 to 48 hours, photographing, measuring, weighing and writing a description of the interior and exterior. The meteorite is broken and a representative sample is sent to the Smithsonian Institution for classification. Newsletter & Requests: Once initial processing has been complete and the meteorites have been classified, the information is published in the Antarctic Meteorite Newsletter[2,3]. The newsletter is published twice yearly and is sent electronically to researchers around the world and is also available on line. Researchers are asked to fill out a request form and submit it to the Meteorite Working Group secretary. All sample requests will be reviewed by either the meteorite curator or the Meteorite Working Group de-pending on the type of meteorite and the research being conducted. Processing for Sample Requests: In the meteorite processing lab, meteorite samples are prepared several different ways. Most samples are prepared as chips obtained by use of stainless steel chisels in a chipping bowl or rock splitter. In special situations where a researcher needs a slab the meteorite samples can be bandsawed in a dry nitrogen glove box with a diamond blade, no liquids are ever introduced into the cabinet. The last type of sample preparation is thin/thick sections. The meteorite thin section lab at JSC can prepare standard 30-micron thin sections, thick sections of variable thickness (100 to 200 microns), or demountable sections using superglue. Information for researchers: It is important that re-searchers fill the sample request form completely, in order to make sure the meteorite is processed correctly[4]. Re-searchers should list any special requirements on the form, i.e. packaging of samples (poly vs. stainless), thick sections and thickness needed, superglue needed, interior chips, exterior chips, fusion crust, contamination issues, all concerns should be listed so processing can be done accurately and any concerns the researcher has can be addressed be-fore the meteorites are broken.

Cement line staining in undecalcified thin sections of cortical bone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bain, S. D.; Impeduglia, T. M.; Rubin, C. T.

1990-01-01

A technique for demonstrating cement lines in thin, undecalcified, transverse sections of cortical bone has been developed. Cortical bone samples are processed and embedded undecalcified in methyl methacrylate plastic. After sectioning at 3-5 microns, cross-sections are transferred to a glass slide and flattened for 10 min. Sections of cortical bone are stained for 20 sec free-floating in a fresh solution of 1% toluidine blue dissolved in 0.1% formic acid. The section is dehydrated in t-butyl alcohol, cleared in xylene, and mounted with Eukitt's medium. Reversal lines appear as thin, scalloped, dark blue lines against a light blue matrix, whereas bone formation arrest lines are thicker with a smooth contour. With this technique cellular detail, osteoid differentiation, and fluorochrome labels are retained. Results demonstrate the applicability of a one-step staining method for cement lines which will facilitate the assessment of bone remodeling activity in thin sections of undecalcified cortical bone.

Chromophore Poling in Thin Films of Organic Glasses. 2. Two-Electrode Corona Discharge Setup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilitis, O.; Muzikante, I.; Rutkis, M.; Vembris, A.

2012-01-01

In Part 1 of the article we provided description of the corona discharge physics and overview of the methods used for corona poling in thin organic films. Subsequent sections describe comparatively simple technical methods for poling the organic nonlinear optical polymers using a two-electrode (point-to-plate or wire-to-plate) technique. The polarization build-up was studied by the DC positive corona method for poling the nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers. The experimental setup provides the corona discharge current from 0.5 μA up to 3 μA by applying 3 kV - 12 kV voltage to the corona electrode and makes possible selection among the types of corona electrodes (needle, multi-needle, wire, etc.). The results of experimental testing of the poling setup show that at fixed optimal operational parameters of poling - the sample orientation temperature and the discharge current - the corona charging of polymeric materials can successfully be performed applying the two-electrode technique. To study the dynamics of both poling and charge transport processes the three-electrode charging system - a corona triode - should be applied.

A one-dimensional model of flow in a junction of thin channels, including arterial trees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozlov, V. A.; Nazarov, S. A.

2017-08-01

We study a Stokes flow in a junction of thin channels (of diameter O(h)) for fixed flows of the fluid at the inlet cross-sections and fixed peripheral pressure at the outlet cross-sections. On the basis of the idea of the pressure drop matrix, apart from Neumann conditions (fixed flow) and Dirichlet conditions (fixed pressure) at the outer vertices, the ordinary one-dimensional Reynolds equations on the edges of the graph are equipped with transmission conditions containing a small parameter h at the inner vertices, which are transformed into the classical Kirchhoff conditions as h\\to+0. We establish that the pre-limit transmission conditions ensure an exponentially small error O(e-ρ/h), ρ>0, in the calculation of the three-dimensional solution, but the Kirchhoff conditions only give polynomially small error. For the arterial tree, under the assumption that the walls of the blood vessels are rigid, for every bifurcation node a ( 2×2)-pressure drop matrix appears, and its influence on the transmission conditions is taken into account by means of small variations of the lengths of the graph and by introducing effective lengths of the one-dimensional description of blood vessels whilst keeping the Kirchhoff conditions and exponentially small approximation errors. We discuss concrete forms of arterial bifurcation and available generalizations of the results, in particular, the Navier-Stokes system of equations. Bibliography: 59 titles.

Apollo-11 lunar sample information catalogue

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kramer, F. E. (Compiler); Twedell, D. B. (Compiler); Walton, W. J. A., Jr. (Compiler)

1977-01-01

The Apollo 11 mission is reviewed with emphasis on the collection of lunar samples, their geologic setting, early processing, and preliminary examination. The experience gained during five subsequent missions was applied to obtain physical-chemical data for each sample using photographic and binocular microscope techniques. Topics discussed include: binocular examination procedure; breccia clast dexrriptuons, thin section examinations procedure typical breccia in thin section, typical basalt in thin section, sample histories, and chemical and age data. An index to photographs is included.

Thin-Section Computed Tomography Manifestations During Convalescence and Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).

PubMed

Wu, Xiaohua; Dong, Dawei; Ma, Daqing

2016-08-08

BACKGROUND SARS is not only an acute disease, but also leads to long-term impaired lung diffusing capacity in some survivors. However, there is a paucity of data regarding long-term CT findings in survivors after SARS. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in lung function and lung thin-section computed tomography (CT) features in patients recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), especially the dynamic changes in ground-glass opacity (GGO). MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical and radiological data from 11 patients with SARS were collected. The serial follow-up thin-section CTs were evaluated at 3, 6, and 84 months after SARS presentation. The distribution and predominant thin-section CT findings of lesions were evaluated. RESULTS The extent of the lesions on the CT scans of the 11 patients decreased at 6 and 84 months compared to 3 months. The number of segments involved on 84-month follow-up CTs was less than those at 6 months (P<0.05). The predominant thin-section CT manifestation at 84 months (intralobular and interlobular septal thickening) was different than that at 6 months, at which GGO was predominant. CONCLUSIONS During convalescence after SARS, GGO and intralobular and interlobular septal thickening were the main thin-section CT manifestation. Intralobular and interlobular septal thickening predominated over GGO at 84 months.

Methods for making thin layers of crystalline materials

DOEpatents

Lagally, Max G; Paskiewicz, Deborah M; Tanto, Boy

2013-07-23

Methods for making growth templates for the epitaxial growth of compound semiconductors and other materials are provided. The growth templates are thin layers of single-crystalline materials that are themselves grown epitaxially on a substrate that includes a thin layer of sacrificial material. The thin layer of sacrificial material, which creates a coherent strain in the single-crystalline material as it is grown thereon, includes one or more suspended sections and one or more supported sections.

Nanomechanics of Ferroelectric Thin Films and Heterostructures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Yulan; Hu, Shenyang Y.; Chen , L.Q.

2016-08-31

The focus of this chapter is to provide basic concepts of how external strains/stresses altering ferroelectric property of a material and how to evaluate quantitatively the effect of strains/stresses on phase stability, domain structure, and material ferroelectric properties using the phase-field method. The chapter starts from a brief introduction of ferroelectrics and the Landau-Devinshire description of ferroelectric transitions and ferroelectric phases in a homogeneous ferroelectric single crystal. Due to the fact that ferroelectric transitions involve crystal structure change and domain formation, strains and stresses can be produced inside of the material if a ferroelectric transition occurs and it is confined.more » These strains and stresses affect in turn the domain structure and material ferroelectric properties. Therefore, ferroelectrics and strains/stresses are coupled to each other. The ferroelectric-mechanical coupling can be used to engineer the material ferroelectric properties by designing the phase and structure. The followed section elucidates calculations of the strains/stresses and elastic energy in a thin film containing a single domain, twinned domains to complicated multidomains constrained by its underlying substrate. Furthermore, a phase field model for predicting ferroelectric stable phases and domain structure in a thin film is presented. Examples of using substrate constraint and temperature to obtain interested ferroelectric domain structures in BaTiO3 films are demonstrated b phase field simulations.« less

Novel Thin Film Sensor Technology for Turbine Engine Hot Section Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.

2007-01-01

Degradation and damage that develops over time in hot section components can lead to catastrophic failure of the turbine section of aircraft engines. A range of thin film sensor technology has been demonstrated enabling on-component measurement of multiple parameters either individually or in sensor arrays including temperature, strain, heat flux, and flow. Conductive ceramics are beginning to be investigated as new materials for use as thin film sensors in the hot section, leveraging expertise in thin films and high temperature materials. The current challenges are to develop new sensor and insulation materials capable of withstanding the extreme hot section environment, and to develop techniques for applying sensors onto complex high temperature structures for aging studies of hot propulsion materials. The technology research and development ongoing at NASA Glenn Research Center for applications to future aircraft, launch vehicles, space vehicles, and ground systems is outlined.

Thin limit of the 6D Cascading DGP model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sbisà, Fulvio

2018-05-01

A thin limit description of the 6D Cascading DGP model is derived, starting from a configuration where both the codimension-1 and the codimension-2 branes are thick. Postulating that the thicknesses of the two branes obey a hierarchic relation, the thin limit is executed in two steps. First the thin limit of the codimension-1 brane is executed, obtaining a system where a "ribbon" codimension-2 brane is embedded inside a thin codimension-1 brane with induced gravity, and then the thin limit of the ribbon brane is considered. By proposing a geometric ansatz on the limit configuration, the junction conditions which are to hold at the thin codimension-2 brane are derived. The latters are fully non-perturbative and covariant and, together with the Israel junction conditions at the codimension-1 brane and the Einstein equations in the bulk, constitute the looked-for thin limit formulation of the 6D Cascading DGP model. It is commented on how wide is the class of thin source configurations which can be placed on the thin codimension-2 brane.

Coupling geostatistics to detailed reservoir description allows better visualization and more accurate characterization/simulation of turbidite reservoirs: Elk Hills oil field, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allan, M.E.; Wilson, M.L.; Wightman, J.

1996-12-31

The Elk Hills giant oilfield, located in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, has produced 1.1 billion barrels of oil from Miocene and shallow Pliocene reservoirs. 65% of the current 64,000 BOPD production is from the pressure-supported, deeper Miocene turbidite sands. In the turbidite sands of the 31 S structure, large porosity & permeability variations in the Main Body B and Western 31 S sands cause problems with the efficiency of the waterflooding. These variations have now been quantified and visualized using geostatistics. The end result is a more detailed reservoir characterization for simulation. Traditional reservoir descriptions based onmore » marker correlations, cross-sections and mapping do not provide enough detail to capture the short-scale stratigraphic heterogeneity needed for adequate reservoir simulation. These deterministic descriptions are inadequate to tie with production data as the thinly bedded sand/shale sequences blur into a falsely homogenous picture. By studying the variability of the geologic & petrophysical data vertically within each wellbore and spatially from well to well, a geostatistical reservoir description has been developed. It captures the natural variability of the sands and shales that was lacking from earlier work. These geostatistical studies allow the geologic and petrophysical characteristics to be considered in a probabilistic model. The end-product is a reservoir description that captures the variability of the reservoir sequences and can be used as a more realistic starting point for history matching and reservoir simulation.« less

Coupling geostatistics to detailed reservoir description allows better visualization and more accurate characterization/simulation of turbidite reservoirs: Elk Hills oil field, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allan, M.E.; Wilson, M.L.; Wightman, J.

1996-01-01

The Elk Hills giant oilfield, located in the southern San Joaquin Valley of California, has produced 1.1 billion barrels of oil from Miocene and shallow Pliocene reservoirs. 65% of the current 64,000 BOPD production is from the pressure-supported, deeper Miocene turbidite sands. In the turbidite sands of the 31 S structure, large porosity permeability variations in the Main Body B and Western 31 S sands cause problems with the efficiency of the waterflooding. These variations have now been quantified and visualized using geostatistics. The end result is a more detailed reservoir characterization for simulation. Traditional reservoir descriptions based on markermore » correlations, cross-sections and mapping do not provide enough detail to capture the short-scale stratigraphic heterogeneity needed for adequate reservoir simulation. These deterministic descriptions are inadequate to tie with production data as the thinly bedded sand/shale sequences blur into a falsely homogenous picture. By studying the variability of the geologic petrophysical data vertically within each wellbore and spatially from well to well, a geostatistical reservoir description has been developed. It captures the natural variability of the sands and shales that was lacking from earlier work. These geostatistical studies allow the geologic and petrophysical characteristics to be considered in a probabilistic model. The end-product is a reservoir description that captures the variability of the reservoir sequences and can be used as a more realistic starting point for history matching and reservoir simulation.« less

Publications - GMC 186 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

DGGS GMC 186 Publication Details Title: Petrographic thin-section photographs of cuttings (14220'-14250 for more information. Bibliographic Reference Unknown, 1991, Petrographic thin-section photographs of

7 CFR 29.2663 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2663 Section 29.2663... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2663 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves that are thin in body. Grades Grade names and specifications C1L Choice Light-brown Thin Leaf. Thin...

7 CFR 29.2663 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2663 Section 29.2663... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2663 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves that are thin in body. Grades Grade names and specifications C1L Choice Light-brown Thin Leaf. Thin...

7 CFR 29.2663 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2663 Section 29.2663... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2663 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves that are thin in body. Grades Grade names and specifications C1L Choice Light-brown Thin Leaf. Thin...

7 CFR 29.2663 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2663 Section 29.2663... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2663 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves that are thin in body. Grades Grade names and specifications C1L Choice Light-brown Thin Leaf. Thin...

7 CFR 29.2663 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2663 Section 29.2663... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2663 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves that are thin in body. Grades Grade names and specifications C1L Choice Light-brown Thin Leaf. Thin...

Preparation methodologies and nano/microstructural evaluation of metal/semiconductor thin films.

PubMed

Chen, Zhiwen; Jiao, Zheng; Wu, Minghong; Shek, Chan-Hung; Wu, C M Lawrence; Lai, Joseph K L

2012-01-01

Metal/semiconductor thin films are a class of unique materials that are widespread technological applications, particularly in the field of microelectronic devices. Assessment strategies of fractal and tures are of fundamental importance in the development of nano/microdevices. This review presents the preparation methodologies and nano/microstructural evaluation of metal/semiconductor thin films including Au/Ge bilayer films and Pd-Ge alloy thin films, which show in the form of fractals and nanocrystals. Firstly, the extended version of Au/Ge thin films for the fractal crystallization of amorphous Ge and the formation of nanocrystals developed with improved micro- and nanostructured features are described in Section 2. Secondly, the nano/microstructural characteristics of Pd/Ge alloy thin films during annealing have been investigated in detail and described in Section 3. Finally, we will draw the conclusions from the present work as shown in Section 4. It is expected that the preparation methodologies developed and the knowledge of nano/microstructural evolution gained in metal/semiconductor thin films, including Au/Ge bilayer films and Pd-Ge alloy thin films, will provide an important fundamental basis underpinning further interdisciplinary research in these fields such as physics, chemistry, materials science, and nanoscience and nanotechnology, leading to promising exciting opportunities for future technological applications involving these thin films.

Publications - GMC 357 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

DGGS GMC 357 Publication Details Title: Thin Section and Scanning Electron Microscopy summary Laboratories, Inc., 2008, Thin Section and Scanning Electron Microscopy summary photographs from plugs taken

Multiple-layered effective medium approximation approach to modeling environmental effects on alumina passivated highly porous silicon nanostructured thin films measured by in-situ Mueller matrix ellipsometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mock, Alyssa; Carlson, Timothy; VanDerslice, Jeremy; Mohrmann, Joel; Woollam, John A.; Schubert, Eva; Schubert, Mathias

2017-11-01

Optical changes in alumina passivated highly porous silicon slanted columnar thin films during controlled exposure to toluene vapor are reported. Electron-beam evaporation glancing angle deposition and subsequent atomic layer deposition are utilized to deposit alumina passivated nanostructured porous silicon thin films. In-situ Mueller matrix generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry in an environmental cell is then used to determine changes in optical properties of the nanostructured thin films by inspection of individual Mueller matrix elements, each of which exhibit sensitivity to adsorption. The use of a multiple-layered effective medium approximation model allows for accurate description of the inhomogeneous nature of toluene adsorption onto alumina passivated highly porous silicon slanted columnar thin films.

Publications - GMC 339 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

petrography from petrographic thin sections of core (4759'-4894') Authors: Unknown Publication Date: Feb 2007 thin sections of core (4759'-4894'): Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Geologic

Ultrafast Phase Mapping of Thin-Sections from An Apollo 16 Drive Tube - a New Visualisation of Lunar Regolith

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Botha, Pieter; Butcher, Alan R.; Horsch, Hana; Rickman, Doug; Wentworth, Susan J.; Schrader, Christian M.; Stoeser, Doug; Benedictus, Aukje; Gottlieb, Paul; McKay, David

2008-01-01

Polished thin-sections of samples extracted from Apollo drive tubes provide unique insights into the structure of the Moon's regolith at various landing sites. In particular, they allow the mineralogy and texture of the regolith to be studied as a function of depth. Much has been written about such thin-sections based on optical, SEM and EPMA studies, in terms of their essential petrographic features, but there has been little attempt to quantify these aspects from a spatial perspective. In this study, we report the findings of experimental analysis of two thin-sections (64002, 6019, depth range 5.0 - 8.0 cm & 64001, 6031, depth range 50.0 - 53.1 cm), from a single Apollo 16 drive tube using QEMSCAN . A key feature of the method is phase identification by ultrafast energy dispersive x-ray mapping on a pixel-by-pixel basis. By selecting pixel resolutions ranging from 1 - 5 microns, typically 8,500,000 individual measurement points can be collected on a thin-section. The results we present include false colour digital images of both thin-sections. From these images, information such as phase proportions (major, minor and trace phases), particle textures, packing densities, and particle geometries, has been quantified. Parameters such as porosity and average phase density, which are of geomechanical interest, can also be calculated automatically. This study is part of an on-going investigation into spatial variation of lunar regolith and NASA's ISRU Lunar Simulant Development Project.

Wear resistant pavement study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This report documents the construction of three special pavement test sections on I-90 east of Spokane, Washington. The test sections included ultra-thin and thin whitetopping, Modified Class D open graded asphalt concrete, and micro/macro surfacing ...

A petrographic thin sectioning technique for evaluating composite materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parker, D. S.; Yee, A. F.

1989-01-01

Petrographic thin sectioning by a low-speed diamond saw has been used in conjunction with transmission polarized light microscopy for the characterization of the microstructure and deformation mechanisms of a variety of polymer systems. It has proven possible by these means to study three types of thermoplastic matrices for composite applications: PEEK, BPA-based polycarbonate (PC), and a rubber-modified PC. The reinforcing fibers for these matrices were in all cases AS4 carbon fibers, unidirectionally arrayed. Superior analyzability of matrix morphology and subsurface fracture processes is achieved by thin sectioning.

(GameChanger) Multifunctional Design of Hybrid Composites of Load Bearing Antennas

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

5 . Solvent Effect in Dynamic Superstructures from Au Nanoparticles and CdTe Nanowires: Experimental Observation and Theoretical Description , J. Phys...the magnetic bias is transverse to the propagation direction and the plane of the thin films . Such field displacement effect is used in several...within the structure, resulting from the material properties of the media. The magnetoelectric thin film with a DC magnetic field bias serves as a

7 CFR 29.3648 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.3648 Section 29.3648... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.3648 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves... specifications, and tolerances C1L Choice Quality Light-brown Thin Leaf. Ripe, thin, open leaf structure, smooth...

7 CFR 29.3648 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.3648 Section 29.3648... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.3648 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves... specifications, and tolerances C1L Choice Quality Light-brown Thin Leaf. Ripe, thin, open leaf structure, smooth...

7 CFR 29.3648 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.3648 Section 29.3648... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.3648 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves... specifications, and tolerances C1L Choice Quality Light-brown Thin Leaf. Ripe, thin, open leaf structure, smooth...

7 CFR 29.3648 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.3648 Section 29.3648... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.3648 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves... specifications, and tolerances C1L Choice Quality Light-brown Thin Leaf. Ripe, thin, open leaf structure, smooth...

7 CFR 29.3648 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.3648 Section 29.3648... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.3648 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves... specifications, and tolerances C1L Choice Quality Light-brown Thin Leaf. Ripe, thin, open leaf structure, smooth...

Acquisition of thin coronal sectional dataset of cadaveric liver.

PubMed

Lou, Li; Liu, Shu Wei; Zhao, Zhen Mei; Tang, Yu Chun; Lin, Xiang Tao

2014-04-01

To obtain the thin coronal sectional anatomic dataset of the liver by using digital freezing milling technique. The upper abdomen of one Chinese adult cadaver was selected as the specimen. After CT and MRI examinations verification of absent liver lesions, the specimen was embedded with gelatin in stand erect position and frozen under profound hypothermia, and the specimen was then serially sectioned from anterior to posterior layer by layer with digital milling machine in the freezing chamber. The sequential images were captured by means of a digital camera and the dataset was imported to imaging workstation. The thin serial section of the liver added up to 699 layers with each layer being 0.2 mm in thickness. The shape, location, structure, intrahepatic vessels and adjacent structures of the liver was displayed clearly on each layer of the coronal sectional slice. CT and MR images through the body were obtained at 1.0 and 3.0 mm intervals, respectively. The methodology reported here is an adaptation of the milling methods previously described, which is a new data acquisition method for sectional anatomy. The thin coronal sectional anatomic dataset of the liver obtained by this technique is of high precision and good quality.

Reconstruction of the 3-D Shape and Crystal Preferred Orientation of Olivine: A Combined X-ray µ-CT and EBSD-SEM approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kahl, Wolf-Achim; Hidas, Károly; Dilissen, Nicole; Garrido, Carlos J.; López-Sánchez Vizcaíno, Vicente; Jesús Román-Alpiste, Manuel

2017-04-01

The complete reconstruction of the microstructure of rocks requires, among others, a full description of the shape preferred orientation (SPO) and crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of the constituent mineral phases. New advances in instrumental analyses, particularly electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) coupled to focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM), allows a complete characterization of SPO and CPO in rocks at the micron scale [1-2]. Unfortunately, the large grain size of many crystalline rocks, such as peridotite, prevents a representative characterization of the CPO and SPO of their constituent minerals by this technique. Here, we present a new approach combining X-ray micro computed tomography (µ-CT) and EBSD to reconstruct the geographically oriented, 3-D SPO and CPO of cm- to mm-sized olivine crystals in two contrasting fabric types of chlorite harzburgites (Almírez ultramafic massif, SE Spain). The semi-destructive sample treatment involves drilling of geographically oriented micro drills in the field and preparation of oriented thin sections from µ-CT scanned cores. This allows for establishing the link among geological structures, macrostructure, fabric, and 3-D SPO-CPO at the thin section scale. Based on EBSD analyses, different CPO groups of olivine crystals can be discriminated in the thin sections and allocated to 3-D SPO in the µ-CT volume data. This approach overcomes the limitations of both methods (i.e., no crystal orientation data in µ-CT and no spatial information in EBSD), hence 3-D orientation of the crystallographic axes of olivines from different orientation groups could be correlated with the crystal shapes of olivine grains. This combined µ-CT and EBSD technique enables the correlation of both SPO and CPO and representative grain size, and is capable to characterize the 3-D microstructure of olivine-bearing rocks at the hand specimen scale. REFERENCES 1. Zaefferer, S., Wright, S.I., Raabe, D., 2008. Three-Dimensional orientation microscopy in a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope: A new dimension of microstructure characterization. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, 374-389. 2. Burnett, T.L., Kelley, R., Winiarski, B., Contreras, L., Daly, M., Gholinia, A., Burke, M.G., Withers, P.J., 2016. Large volume serial section tomography by Xe Plasma FIB dual beam microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 161, 119-129.

Continuous modeling of a grain boundary in MgO and its disclination induced grain-boundary migration mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cordier, P.; Sun, X.; Taupin, V.; Fressengeas, C.

2016-12-01

Grain boundaries (GBs) are thin material layers where the lattice rotates from one orientation to the next one within a few nanometers. Because they treat these layers as infinitely thin interfaces, large-scale polycrystalline representations fail to describe their structure. Conversely, atomistic representations provide a detailed description of the GBs, but their character remains discrete and not prone to coarse-graining procedures. Continuum descriptions based on kinematic and crystal defect fields defined at interatomic scale are appealing because they can provide smooth and thorough descriptions of GBs, recovering in some sense the atomistic description and potentially serving as a basis for coarse-grained polycrystalline representations. In this work, a crossover between atomistic description and continuous representation of a MgO tilt boundary in polycrystals is set-up to model the periodic arrays of structural units by using dislocation and disclination dipole arrays along GBs. The strain, rotation, curvature, disclination and dislocation density fields are determined in the boundary area by using the discrete atomic positions generated by molecular dynamics simulations. Then, this continuous disclination/dislocation model is used as part of the initial conditions in elasto-plastic continuum mechanics simulations to investigate the shear-coupled boundary migration of tilt boundaries. The present study leads to better understanding of the structure and mechanical architecture of grain boundaries.

Field guide to Cretaceous-tertiary boundary sections in northeastern Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keller, Gerta; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang; Adatte, Thierry; Macleod, Norman; Lowe, Donald R.

1994-01-01

This guide was prepared for the field trip to the KT elastic sequence of northeastern Mexico, 5-8 February 1994, in conjunction with the Conference on New Developments Regarding the KT Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, held in Houston, Texas. The four-day excursion offers an invaluable opportunity to visit three key outcrops: Arroyo El Mimbral, La Lajilla, and El Pinon. These and other outcrops of this sequence have recently been interpreted as tsunami deposits produced by the meteorite impact event that produced the 200 to 300-km Chicxulub basin in Yucatan, and distributed ejecta around the world approximately 65 m.y. ago that today is recorded as a thin clay layer found at the K/T boundary. The impact tsunami interpretation for these rocks has not gone unchallenged, and others examining the outcrops arrive at quite different conclusions: not tsunami deposits but turbidites; not KT at all but 'upper Cretaceous.' Indeed, it is in hopes of resolving this debate through field discussion, outcrop evaluation, and sampling that led the organizers of the conference to sanction this field trip. This field guide provides participants with background information on the KT clastic sequence outcrops and is divided into two sections. The first section provides regional and logistical context for the outcrops and a description of the clastic sequence. The second section presents three representative interpretations of the outcrops by their advocates. There is clearly no way that these models can be reconciled and so two, if not all three, must be fundamentally wrong. Readers of this guide should keep in mind that many basic outcrop observations that these models are based upon remain unresolved. While great measures were taken to ensure that the information in the description section was as objective as possible, many observations are rooted in interpretations and the emphasis placed on certain observations depends to some degree upon the perspective of the author.

Aspects of numerical and representational methods related to the finite-difference simulation of advective and dispersive transport of freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer

USGS Publications Warehouse

Merritt, M.L.

1993-01-01

The simulation of the transport of injected freshwater in a thin brackish aquifer, overlain and underlain by confining layers containing more saline water, is shown to be influenced by the choice of the finite-difference approximation method, the algorithm for representing vertical advective and dispersive fluxes, and the values assigned to parametric coefficients that specify the degree of vertical dispersion and molecular diffusion that occurs. Computed potable water recovery efficiencies will differ depending upon the choice of algorithm and approximation method, as will dispersion coefficients estimated based on the calibration of simulations to match measured data. A comparison of centered and backward finite-difference approximation methods shows that substantially different transition zones between injected and native waters are depicted by the different methods, and computed recovery efficiencies vary greatly. Standard and experimental algorithms and a variety of values for molecular diffusivity, transverse dispersivity, and vertical scaling factor were compared in simulations of freshwater storage in a thin brackish aquifer. Computed recovery efficiencies vary considerably, and appreciable differences are observed in the distribution of injected freshwater in the various cases tested. The results demonstrate both a qualitatively different description of transport using the experimental algorithms and the interrelated influences of molecular diffusion and transverse dispersion on simulated recovery efficiency. When simulating natural aquifer flow in cross-section, flushing of the aquifer occurred for all tested coefficient choices using both standard and experimental algorithms. ?? 1993.

Cometary particles - Thin sectioning and electron beam analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, J. P.; Brownlee, D. E.

1986-01-01

Thin sections (500 to 1000 angstroms thick) of individual micrometeorites (5 to 15 micrometers) have been prepared with an ultramicrotome equipped with a diamond knife. Electron microscope examination of these sections has revealed the internal structures of chondritic micrometeorites, and a subset of highly porous, fragile particles has been identified. Delicate meteoritic materials such as these are characteristic of debris from cometary meteors.

Heat flux sensor research and development: The cool film calorimeter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abtahi, A.; Dean, P.

1990-01-01

The goal was to meet the measurement requirement of the NASP program for a gauge capable of measuring heat flux into a 'typical' structure in a 'typical' hypersonic flight environment. A device is conceptually described that has fast response times and is small enough to fit in leading edge or cowl lip structures. The device relies heavily on thin film technology. The main conclusion is the description of the limitations of thin film technology both in the art of fabrication and in the assumption that thin films have the same material properties as the original bulk material. Three gauges were designed and fabricated. Thin film deposition processes were evaluated. The effect of different thin film materials on the performance and fabrication of the gauge was studied. The gauges were tested in an arcjet facility. Survivability and accuracy were determined under various hostile environment conditions.

12 CFR 390.395 - Description of business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Description of business. 390.395 Section 390... Associations § 390.395 Description of business. (a) This section applies to the description-of-business portion... 10-K (item 7) (17 CFR 249.310). (b) The description of business should conform to the description of...

3-D X-ray tomography of diamondiferous mantle eclogite xenoliths, Siberia: A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howarth, Geoffrey H.; Sobolev, Nikolay V.; Pernet-Fisher, John F.; Ketcham, Richard A.; Maisano, Jessica A.; Pokhilenko, Lyudmila N.; Taylor, Dawn; Taylor, Lawrence A.

2015-04-01

Diamonds form over billions of years, hundreds of kilometers beneath the Earth's surface, and in combination with inclusions trapped within, provide important constraints on the evolution of the mantle over geological time. Diamonds are generally studied as individual crystals sourced from highly explosive kimberlite pipes, which entrain and subsequently disaggregate mantle fragments (xenoliths) en route to the surface. This has resulted in a general absence of robust textural descriptions of diamonds relative to their hosting mantle protolith. The textural associations of diamonds within their mantle host rocks are reviewed here on the basis of a compilation of X-ray tomographic data for 17 diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths from Siberian kimberlites. This review represents a comprehensive description of diamonds relative to their host silicates. The lack of such descriptions in previous studies is largely due to the rarity of these xenoliths, the difficulty in preparing petrographic thin sections containing diamonds, and their high-monetary value. High-resolution computed X-ray tomography (HRCXT) produces up to 1200 sequential 2-D slices through individual xenoliths, each of which represents a 'pseudo thin-section' with a resolution on the order of 5-20 μm. The improved resolution of X-ray imaging in recent studies allows for the identification of not only primary minerals, but metasomatic minerals assemblages, including: 'spongy' textured clinopyroxene, phlogopite/K-richterite, and hercynitic spinel, allowing for the delineation of distinct metasomatic pathways through the xenoliths and their relationship to diamonds. Diamonds are observed in three distinct textural settings, potentially representing several temporally distinct diamond growth events, these setting includes: (1) diamonds completely enclosed in garnet; (2) diamonds associated with highly embayed silicate grain boundaries; and (3) diamonds contained within distinct metasomatic 'plumbing-systems'. Diamonds observed completely enclosed in garnets suggest an early diamond-forming event prior to major re-crystallization and eclogite formation during subduction. The occurrence of diamond in association with embayed garnets suggests that diamond grew at the expense of the hosting silicate protolith. In addition, the spatial relationships of diamonds with metasomatic pathways, which are generally interpreted to result from late-stage proto-kimberlitic fluid percolation, indicate a period of diamond growth occurring close to, but prior to, the time of kimberlite emplacement. Furthermore, the paragenesis of sulfides within eclogite xenoliths are described using 3-D models for entire xenoliths volumes, providing important constraints of the timing of sulfide mobilization within the mantle. Three-D animations created using X-ray tomography data for ten of the xenoliths can be viewed at the following link: http://eps.utk.edu/faculty/taylor/tomography.php

Structure and Assembly of Intracellular Mature Vaccinia Virus: Thin-Section Analyses

PubMed Central

Griffiths, Gareth; Roos, Norbert; Schleich, Sybille; Locker, Jacomine Krijnse

2001-01-01

In the preceding study (see accompanying paper), we showed by a variety of different techniques that intracellular mature vaccinia virus (vaccinia IMV) is unexpectedly complex in its structural organization and that this complexity also extends to the underlying viral core, which is highly folded. With that analysis as a foundation, we now present different thin-section electron microscopy approaches for analyzing the IMV and the processes by which it is assembled in infected HeLa cells. We focus on conventional epoxy resin thin sections as well as cryosections to describe key intermediates in the assembly process. We took advantage of streptolysin O's ability to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane of infected cells to improve membrane contrast, and we used antibodies against bone fide integral membrane proteins of the virus to unequivocally identify membrane profiles in thin sections. All of the images presented here can be rationalized with respect to the model put forward for the assembly of the IMV in the accompanying paper. PMID:11602745

Reduced Dimensionality Lithium Niobate Microsystems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eichenfield, Matt

2017-01-01

The following report describes work performed under the LDRD program at Sandia National Laboratories October 2014 and September 2016. The work presented demonstrates the ability of Sandia Labs to develop state-of-the-art photonic devices based on thin film lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ). Section 1 provides an introduction to integrated LiNbO 3 devices and motivation for developing thin film nonlinear optical systems. Section 2 describes the design, fabrication, and photonic performance of thin film optical microdisks fabricated from bulk LiNbO 3 using a bulk implantation method developed at Sandia. Sections 3 and 4 describe the development of similar thin film LiNbOmore » 3 structures fabricated from LiNbO 3 on insulator (LNOI) substrates and our demonstration of optical frequency conversion with state-of-the-art efficiency. Finally, Section 5 describes similar microdisk resonators fabricated from LNOI wafers with a buried metal layer, in which we demonstrate electro-optic modulation.« less

The Integration Process of Very Thin Mirror Shells with a Particular Regard to Simbol-X

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basso, S.; Pareschi, G.; Tagliaferri, G.; Mazzoleni, F.; Valtolina, R.; Citterio, O.; Conconi, P.

2009-05-01

The optics of Simbol-X are very thin compared to previous X-ray missions (like XMM). Therefore their shells floppy and are unable to maintain the correct shape. To avoid the deformations of their very thin X-ray optics during the integration process we adopt two stiffening rings with a good roundness. In this article the procedure used for the first three prototypes of the Simbol-X optics is presented with a description of the problems involved and with an analysis of the degradation of the performances during the integration. This analysis has been performed with the UV vertical bench measurements at INAF-OAB.

Thin Film Ceramic Strain Sensor Development for High Temperature Environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.; Gonzalez, Jose M.; Laster, Kimala L.

2008-01-01

The need for sensors to operate in harsh environments is illustrated by the need for measurements in the turbine engine hot section. The degradation and damage that develops over time in hot section components can lead to catastrophic failure. At present, the degradation processes that occur in the harsh hot section environment are poorly characterized, which hinders development of more durable components, and since it is so difficult to model turbine blade temperatures, strains, etc, actual measurements are needed. The need to consider ceramic sensing elements is brought about by the temperature limits of metal thin film sensors in harsh environments. The effort at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) to develop high temperature thin film ceramic static strain gauges for application in turbine engines is described, first in the fan and compressor modules, and then in the hot section. The near-term goal of this research effort was to identify candidate thin film ceramic sensor materials and provide a list of possible thin film ceramic sensor materials and corresponding properties to test for viability. A thorough literature search was conducted for ceramics that have the potential for application as high temperature thin film strain gauges chemically and physically compatible with the NASA GRCs microfabrication procedures and substrate materials. Test results are given for tantalum, titanium and zirconium-based nitride and oxynitride ceramic films.

Geophysical Modelling and Multi-Scale Studies in the Arctic Seiland Igneous Province: Millimeter to Micrometer Scale Mapping of the Magnetic Sources by High Resolution Magnetic Microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pastore, Z.; Church, N. S.; McEnroe, S. A.; Oda, H.; ter Maat, G. W.

2017-12-01

Rocks samples can have wide range of magnetic properties depending on composition, amount of ferromagnetic minerals, grain sizes and microstructures. These influence the magnetic anomalies from the micro to the global scale making the study of the magnetic properties of interest for multiple applications. Later geological processes such as serpentinization can significantly influence these properties and change the nature of the magnetic anomalies. Particularly, magnetic properties such as remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility are directly linked to the magnetic mineralogy composition and grain size and can provide useful information about the geological history of the source. Scanning magnetic microscopy is a highly sensitive and high-resolution magnetometric technique for mapping the magnetic field over a planar surface of a rock sample. The device measures the vertical component of the field above the thin sections and the technique offers a spatial resolution down to tens of micrometers and thus can be used to investigate discrete magnetic mineral grains or magnetic textures and structures, and the magnetic history of the sample. This technique allows a direct correlation between the mineral chemistry (through both electron and optical microscopy) and the magnetic properties. We present as case-study three thin section magnetic scans of two dunite samples from the Reinfjord Ultramafic complex, in northern Norway. The selected thin sections show different magnetic properties which reflect the magnetic petrology. One of the thin sections is from a pristine dunite sample; the other two are highly serpentinized with newly formed magnetite found in multiple, few micrometer thick, veins. We present the preliminary results obtained applying a forward modelling approach on the magnetic anomaly maps acquired over the thin sections. Modelling consists of uniformly-magnetized polygonal bodies whose geometry is constrained by the thickness of the thin section and by the shape of the magnetic grains. The NRM direction in each polygon is modelled to fit the NRM magnetic field. Modelling helps in determining the NRM directions and intensities of discrete magnetic sources inside the thin sections and thus contributes to the study of the link between the magnetic petrology and the magnetic anomalies.

One-dimensional analysis of filamentary composite beam columns with thin-walled open sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lo, Patrick K.-L.; Johnson, Eric R.

1986-01-01

Vlasov's one-dimensional structural theory for thin-walled open section bars was originally developed and used for metallic elements. The theory was recently extended to laminated bars fabricated from advanced composite materials. The purpose of this research is to provide a study and assessment of the extended theory. The focus is on flexural and torsional-flexural buckling of thin-walled, open section, laminated composite columns. Buckling loads are computed from the theory using a linear bifurcation analysis and a geometrically nonlinear beam column analysis by the finite element method. Results from the analyses are compared to available test data.

Calculation of Centrally Loaded Thin-Walled Columns Above the Buckling Limit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reinitzhuber, F.

1945-01-01

When thin-walled columns formed from flanged sheet, such as used in airplane construction, are subjected to axial load, their behavior at failure varies according to the slenderness ratio. On long columns the axis deflects laterally while the cross section form is maintained; buckling results. The respective breaking load in the elastic range is computed by Euler's formula and for the plastic range by the Engesser- Karman formula. Its magnitude is essentially dependent upon the length. On intermediate length columns, especially where open sections are concerned, the cross section is distorted while the cross section form is preserved; twisting failure results. The buckling load in twisting is calculated according to Wagner and Kappus. On short columns the straight walls of low-bending resistance that form the column are deflected at the same time that the cross section form changes - buckling occurs without immediate failure. Then the buckling load of the total section computable from the buckling loads of the section walls is not the ultimate load; quite often, especially on thin-walled sections, it lies considerably higher and is secured by tests. Both loads, the buckling and the ultimate load are only in a small measure dependent upon length. The present report is an attempt to theoretically investigate the behavior of such short, thin-walled columns above the buckling load with the conventional calculating methods.

Radiation and scattering by thin-wire structures in the complex frequency domain. [electromagnetic theory for thin-wire antennas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richmond, J. H.

1974-01-01

Piecewise-sinusoidal expansion functions and Galerkin's method are employed to formulate a solution for an arbitrary thin-wire configuration in a homogeneous conducting medium. The analysis is performed in the real or complex frequency domain. In antenna problems, the solution determines the current distribution, impedance, radiation efficiency, gain and far-field patterns. In scattering problems, the solution determines the absorption cross section, scattering cross section and the polarization scattering matrix. The electromagnetic theory is presented for thin wires and the forward-scattering theorem is developed for an arbitrary target in a homogeneous conducting medium.

Strength Tests on Thin-walled Duralumin Cylinders in Torsion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lundquist, Eugene E

1932-01-01

This report is the first of a series presenting the results of strength tests on thin-walled cylinders and truncated cones of circular and elliptical section; it comprises the results obtained to date from torsion (pure shear) tests on 65 thin-walled duralumin cylinders of circular section with ends clamped to rigid bulkheads. The effect of variations in the length/radius and radius/thickness ratios on the type of failure is indicated, and a semi-empirical equation for the shearing stress at maximum load is given.

75 FR 29974 - Application(s) for Duty-Free Entry of Scientific Instruments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-28

... portions of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms embedded in plastic resins and cut into thin sections... vertebrate and invertebrate organisms embedded in plastic resins and cut into thin sections mounted on... Use: The instrument will be used to examine portions of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms embedded...

Astronomy through the microscope: A workshop during the opening night of the 2016 IMC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Netjes, G. J.; de Vet, S.

2016-01-01

During the IMC workshop meteoritical thins sections were shown live with a microscope connected to the beamer. This article will provide a background to thin sections, what we can learn from them and the tour through the solar system we can take with them.

Ureilite Thin Section Preparation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harrington, R.; Righter, K.

2014-01-01

Preparing thin and thick sections of ureilite type meteorites is a challenge that can confound even the most experienced section preparer. A common characteristic of these samples is the presence of carbon phases, particularly nanodiamonds, in the matrix along silicate grain boundaries, fractures, and cleavage plains [1]. The extreme hardness of the nanodiamonds presents a challenge to the section preparer in the form of high surface relief on the section. This hard material also causes considerable wear and tear on equipment and materials that are used for making the sections. These issues will be discussed and potentially helpful measures will be presented.

Description of ecological subregions: sections of the conterminous United States

Treesearch

W.H. McNab; D.T. Cleland; J.A. Freeouf; J.E. Keys; G.J. Nowacki; C.A. Carpenter

2007-01-01

Preliminary descriptions are presented for the 190 section ecological units delineated on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service 2007 map “Ecological Subregions: Sections and Subsections of the Conterminous United States.” Brief descriptions of the section map units provide an abstract primarily of the climate, physiography, and geologic substrate that...

Thin Film Transistors On Plastic Substrates

DOEpatents

Carey, Paul G.; Smith, Patrick M.; Sigmon, Thomas W.; Aceves, Randy C.

2004-01-20

A process for formation of thin film transistors (TFTs) on plastic substrates replaces standard thin film transistor fabrication techniques, and uses sufficiently lower processing temperatures so that inexpensive plastic substrates may be used in place of standard glass, quartz, and silicon wafer-based substrates. The silicon based thin film transistor produced by the process includes a low temperature substrate incapable of withstanding sustained processing temperatures greater than about 250.degree. C., an insulating layer on the substrate, a layer of silicon on the insulating layer having sections of doped silicon, undoped silicon, and poly-silicon, a gate dielectric layer on the layer of silicon, a layer of gate metal on the dielectric layer, a layer of oxide on sections of the layer of silicon and the layer of gate metal, and metal contacts on sections of the layer of silicon and layer of gate metal defining source, gate, and drain contacts, and interconnects.

Reactive multilayers fabricated by vapor deposition. A critical review

DOE PAGES

Adams, D. P.

2014-10-02

The reactive multilayer thin films are a class of energetic materials that continue to attract attention for use in joining applications and as igniters. Generally composed of two reactants, these heterogeneous solids can be stimulated by an external source to promptly release stored chemical energy in a sudden emission of light and heat. In our critical review article, results from recent investigations of these materials are discussed. Discussion begins with a brief description of the vapor deposition techniques that provide accurate control of layer thickness and film composition. More than 50 reactive film compositions have been reported to date, withmore » most multilayers fabricated by magnetron sputter deposition or electron-beam evaporation. In later sections, we review how multilayer ignition threshold, reaction rate, and total heat are tailored via thin film design. For example, planar multilayers with nanometer-scale periodicity exhibit rapid, self-sustained reactions with wavefront velocities up to 100 m/s. Numeric and analytical models have elucidated many of the fundamental processes that underlie propagating exothermic reactions while demonstrating how reaction rates vary with multilayer design. Recent, time-resolved diffraction and imaging studies have further revealed the phase transformations and the wavefront dynamics associated with propagating chemical reactions. Many reactive multilayers (e.g., Co/Al) form product phases that are consistent with published equilibrium phase diagrams, yet a few systems, such as Pt/Al, develop metastable products. The final section highlights current and emerging applications of reactive multilayers. Examples include reactive Ni(V)/Al and Pd/Al multilayers which have been developed for localized soldering of heat-sensitive components.« less

Thick crystalline films on foreign substrates

DOEpatents

Smith, Henry I.; Atwater, Harry A.; Geis, Michael W.

1986-01-01

To achieve a uniform texture, large crystalline grains or, in some cases, a single crystalline orientation in a thick (>1 .mu.m) film on a foreign substrate, the film is formed so as to be thin (<1 .mu.m) in a certain section. Zone-melting recrystallization is initiated in the thin section and then extended into the thick section. The method may employ planar constriction patterns of orientation filter patterns.

Thick crystalline films on foreign substrates

DOEpatents

Smith, H.I.; Atwater, H.A.; Geis, M.W.

1986-03-18

To achieve a uniform texture, large crystalline grains or, in some cases, a single crystalline orientation in a thick (>1 [mu]m) film on a foreign substrate, the film is formed so as to be thin (<1 [mu]m) in a certain section. Zone-melting recrystallization is initiated in the thin section and then extended into the thick section. The method may employ planar constriction patterns of orientation filter patterns. 2 figs.

Carbon analyses of IDP's sectioned in sulfur and supported on beryllium films

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, J. P.; Keller, L.; Thomas, K. L.; Vanderwood, T. B.; Brownlee, D. E.

1993-01-01

Carbon is the only major element in interplanetary dust whose abundance, distribution and chemical state are not well understood. Information about carbon could clarify the relationship between the various classes of IDP's, conventional meteorites, and sources (e.g., comets vs. asteroids). To date, the most reliable estimates of C abundance in Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDP's) have been obtained by analyzing particles on thick-flat Be substrates using thin-window energy-dispersive spectroscopy in the SEM. These estimates of C abundance are valid only if C is homogeneously distributed, because detected C x-rays originate from the outer 0.1 micrometers of the particle. An alternative and potentially more accurate method of measuring C abundances is to analyze multiple thin sections (each less than 0.1 less than 0.1 micrometers thick) of IDP's. These efforts however, have been stymied because of a lack of a suitable non-carbonaceous embedding medium and the availability of C-free conductive substrates. We have embedded and thin-sectioned IDP's in glassy sulfur, and transferred the thin sections to Be support films approximately 25 nm thick. The sections were then analyzed in a 200 KeV analytical TEM. S sublimes rapidly under vacuum in the TEM, leaving non-embedded sections supported on Be. Apart from quantitative C (and O) analyses, S sectioning dramatically expands the range of analytical measurements that can be performed on a single IDP.

AOIPS 3 user's guide. Volume 2: Program descriptions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schotz, Steve S.; Piper, Thomas S.; Negri, Andrew J.

1990-01-01

The Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System (AOIPS) 3 is the version of the AOIPS software as of April 1989. The AOIPS software was developed jointly by the Goddard Space Flight Center and General Sciences Corporation. A detailed description of very AOIPS program is presented. It is intended to serve as a reference for such items as program functionality, program operational instructions, and input/output variable descriptions. Program descriptions are derived from the on-line help information. Each program description is divided into two sections. The functional description section describes the purpose of the program and contains any pertinent operational information. The program description sections lists the program variables as they appear on-line, and describes them in detail.

Pipe support for use in a nuclear system

DOEpatents

Pollono, Louis P.; Mello, Raymond M.

1977-01-01

A pipe support for high temperature, thin-walled vertical piping runs used in a nuclear system. A cylindrical pipe transition member, having the same inside diameter as the thin-walled piping, replaces a portion of the piping where support is desired. The outside diameter of the pipe transition member varies axially along its vertical dimension. For a section of the axial length adjacent the upper and lower terminations of the pipe transition member, the outside diameter is the same as the outside diameter of the thin-walled piping to which it is affixed. Intermediate of the termination sections, the outside diameter increases from the top of the member to the bottom. Adjacent the lower termination section, the diameter abruptly becomes the same as the piping. Thus, the cylindrical transition member is formed to have a generally triangular shaped cross-section along the axial dimension. Load-bearing insulation is installed next to the periphery of the member and is kept in place by an outer ring clamp. The outer ring clamp is connected to pipe hangers, which provide the desired support for the vertical thin-walled piping runs.

Nanowire growth from the viewpoint of the thin film polylayer growth theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kashchiev, Dimo

2018-03-01

The theory of polylayer growth of thin solid films is employed for description of the growth kinetics of single-crystal nanowires. Expressions are derived for the dependences of the height h and radius r of a given nanowire on time t, as well as for the h(r) dependence. These dependences are applicable immediately after the nanowire nucleation on the substrate and thus include the period during which the nucleated nanowire changes its shape from that of cap to that of column. The analysis shows that the nanowire cap-to-column shape transition is continuous and makes it possible to kinetically define the nanowire shape-transition radius by means of the nanowire radial and axial growth rates. The obtained h(t), r(t) and h(r) dependences are found to provide a good description of available experimental data for growth of self-nucleated GaN nanowires by the vapor-solid mechanism.

ICPP: Identification and Quantification of Elementary Plasma Surface Processes during thin Film Growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keudell, A. V.

2000-10-01

The quantification of elementary plasma surface processes in glow discharges used for thin film deposition, is mandatory for a complete description of these low temperature plasmas. Since the surface to volume ratio in these discharge systems is often large, all particle densities in the discharge can be strongly influenced by any surface reactions. The identification and quantification of these surface processes will be illustrated for the plasma deposition of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films. A variety of experiments will be discussed ranging from plasma experiments using the cavity technique or ionization threshold mass spectrometry as well as a new class of experiments using quantified radical beams to quantify surface reactions in terms of sticking coefficients directly. It is shown that the reactivity of the hydrocarbon radicals depends strongly on the state of hybridization of the hydrocarbon growth precursor, and that the sticking coefficients for various hydrocarbon radicals are strongly influenced by the simultaneous interaction of several reactive species with the film surface. With the knowledge of these interaction mechanisms and the quantification of the corresponding cross sections, a better understanding of growth processes has become possible, ranging from the deposition of polycrystalline diamond in microwave discharges to the formation of re-deposited layers in fusion experiments.

Thin oblique airfoils at supersonic speed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jone, Robert T

1946-01-01

The well-known methods of thin-airfoil theory have been extended to oblique or sweptback airfoils of finite aspect ratio moving at supersonic speeds. The cases considered thus far are symmetrical airfoils at zero lift having plan forms bounded by straight lines. Because of the conical form of the elementary flow fields, the results are comparable in simplicity to the results of the two-dimensional thin-airfoil theory for subsonic speeds. In the case of untapered airfoils swept back behind the Mach cone the pressure distribution at the center section is similar to that given by the Ackeret theory for a straight airfoil. With increasing distance from the center section the distribution approaches the form given by the subsonic-flow theory. The pressure drag is concentrated chiefly at the center section and for long wings a slight negative drag may appear on outboard sections. (author)

Localized thin-section CT with radiomics feature extraction and machine learning to classify early-detected pulmonary nodules from lung cancer screening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tu, Shu-Ju; Wang, Chih-Wei; Pan, Kuang-Tse; Wu, Yi-Cheng; Wu, Chen-Te

2018-03-01

Lung cancer screening aims to detect small pulmonary nodules and decrease the mortality rate of those affected. However, studies from large-scale clinical trials of lung cancer screening have shown that the false-positive rate is high and positive predictive value is low. To address these problems, a technical approach is greatly needed for accurate malignancy differentiation among these early-detected nodules. We studied the clinical feasibility of an additional protocol of localized thin-section CT for further assessment on recalled patients from lung cancer screening tests. Our approach of localized thin-section CT was integrated with radiomics features extraction and machine learning classification which was supervised by pathological diagnosis. Localized thin-section CT images of 122 nodules were retrospectively reviewed and 374 radiomics features were extracted. In this study, 48 nodules were benign and 74 malignant. There were nine patients with multiple nodules and four with synchronous multiple malignant nodules. Different machine learning classifiers with a stratified ten-fold cross-validation were used and repeated 100 times to evaluate classification accuracy. Of the image features extracted from the thin-section CT images, 238 (64%) were useful in differentiating between benign and malignant nodules. These useful features include CT density (p  =  0.002 518), sigma (p  =  0.002 781), uniformity (p  =  0.032 41), and entropy (p  =  0.006 685). The highest classification accuracy was 79% by the logistic classifier. The performance metrics of this logistic classification model was 0.80 for the positive predictive value, 0.36 for the false-positive rate, and 0.80 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our approach of direct risk classification supervised by the pathological diagnosis with localized thin-section CT and radiomics feature extraction may support clinical physicians in determining truly malignant nodules and therefore reduce problems in lung cancer screening.

Localized thin-section CT with radiomics feature extraction and machine learning to classify early-detected pulmonary nodules from lung cancer screening.

PubMed

Tu, Shu-Ju; Wang, Chih-Wei; Pan, Kuang-Tse; Wu, Yi-Cheng; Wu, Chen-Te

2018-03-14

Lung cancer screening aims to detect small pulmonary nodules and decrease the mortality rate of those affected. However, studies from large-scale clinical trials of lung cancer screening have shown that the false-positive rate is high and positive predictive value is low. To address these problems, a technical approach is greatly needed for accurate malignancy differentiation among these early-detected nodules. We studied the clinical feasibility of an additional protocol of localized thin-section CT for further assessment on recalled patients from lung cancer screening tests. Our approach of localized thin-section CT was integrated with radiomics features extraction and machine learning classification which was supervised by pathological diagnosis. Localized thin-section CT images of 122 nodules were retrospectively reviewed and 374 radiomics features were extracted. In this study, 48 nodules were benign and 74 malignant. There were nine patients with multiple nodules and four with synchronous multiple malignant nodules. Different machine learning classifiers with a stratified ten-fold cross-validation were used and repeated 100 times to evaluate classification accuracy. Of the image features extracted from the thin-section CT images, 238 (64%) were useful in differentiating between benign and malignant nodules. These useful features include CT density (p  =  0.002 518), sigma (p  =  0.002 781), uniformity (p  =  0.032 41), and entropy (p  =  0.006 685). The highest classification accuracy was 79% by the logistic classifier. The performance metrics of this logistic classification model was 0.80 for the positive predictive value, 0.36 for the false-positive rate, and 0.80 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our approach of direct risk classification supervised by the pathological diagnosis with localized thin-section CT and radiomics feature extraction may support clinical physicians in determining truly malignant nodules and therefore reduce problems in lung cancer screening.

Fluid Dynamic and Stability Analysis of a Thin Liquid Sheet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McMaster, Matthew S.

1992-01-01

Interest in thin sheet flows has recently been renewed due to their potential application in space radiators. Theoretical and experimental studies of the fluid dynamics and stability of thin liquid sheet flows have been carried out in this thesis. A computer program was developed to determine the cross-sectional shape of the edge cylinder given the cross-sectional area of the edge cylinder. A stability analysis was performed on a non-planer liquid sheet. A study was conducted to determine the effects of air resistance on the sheet.

Magnetic damping phenomena in ferromagnetic thin-films and multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azzawi, S.; Hindmarch, A. T.; Atkinson, D.

2017-11-01

Damped ferromagnetic precession is an important mechanism underpinning the magnetisation processes in ferromagnetic materials. In thin-film ferromagnets and ferromagnetic/non-magnetic multilayers, the role of precession and damping can be critical for spintronic device functionality and as a consequence there has been significant research activity. This paper presents a review of damping in ferromagnetic thin-films and multilayers and collates the results of many experimental studies to present a coherent synthesis of the field. The terms that are used to define damping are discussed with the aim of providing consistent definitions for damping phenomena. A description of the theoretical basis of damping is presented from early developments to the latest discussions of damping in ferromagnetic thin-films and multilayers. An overview of the time and frequency domain methods used to study precessional magnetisation behaviour and damping in thin-films and multilayers is also presented. Finally, a review of the experimental observations of magnetic damping in ferromagnetic thin-films and multilayers is presented with the most recent explanations. This brings together the results from many studies and includes the effects of ferromagnetic film thickness, the effects of composition on damping in thin-film ferromagnetic alloys, the influence of non-magnetic dopants in ferromagnetic films and the effects of combining thin-film ferromagnets with various non-magnetic layers in multilayered configurations.

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version C code for scattering from frequency-independent dielectric and magnetic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1991-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code Version C is a three dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering code based upon the Finite Difference Time Domain Technique (FDTD). The supplied version of the code is one version of our current three dimensional FDTD code set. This manual provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into fourteen sections: introduction, description of the FDTD method, operation, resource requirements, Version C code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include file (COMMONC.FOR), a section briefly discussing Radar Cross Section (RCS) computations, a section discussing some scattering results, a sample problem setup section, a new problem checklist, references and figure titles.

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version D code for scattering from frequency-dependent dielectric and magnetic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1991-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code Version D is a three dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering code based upon the Finite Difference Time Domain Technique (FDTD). The supplied version of the code is one version of our current three dimensional FDTD code set. This manual provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into fourteen sections: introduction, description of the FDTD method, operation, resource requirements, Version D code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include file (COMMOND.FOR), a section briefly discussing Radar Cross Section (RCS) computations, a section discussing some scattering results, a sample problem setup section, a new problem checklist, references and figure titles.

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version A code for scattering from frequency-independent dielectric materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1992-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Electromagnetic Scattering Code Version A is a three dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering code based on the Finite Difference Time Domain technique. The supplied version of the code is one version of our current three dimensional FDTD code set. The manual provides a description of the code and the corresponding results for the default scattering problem. The manual is organized into 14 sections: introduction, description of the FDTD method, operation, resource requirements, Version A code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include file (COMMONA.FOR), a section briefly discussing radar cross section (RCS) computations, a section discussing the scattering results, a sample problem setup section, a new problem checklist, references, and figure titles.

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version B code for scattering from frequency-dependent dielectric materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1991-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code Version B is a three dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering code based upon the Finite Difference Time Domain Technique (FDTD). The supplied version of the code is one version of our current three dimensional FDTD code set. This manual provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into fourteen sections: introduction, description of the FDTD method, operation, resource requirements, Version B code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include file (COMMONB.FOR), a section briefly discussing Radar Cross Section (RCS) computations, a section discussing some scattering results, a sample problem setup section, a new problem checklist, references and figure titles.

Pieces of Other Worlds - Extraterrestrial Samples for Education and Public Outreach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Carlton C.

2010-01-01

During the Year of the Solar System spacecraft from NASA and our international partners will encounter two comets; orbit the asteroid Vesta, continue to explore Mars with rovers, and launch robotic explorers to the Moon and Mars. We have pieces of all these worlds in our laboratories, and their continued study provides incredibly valuable "ground truth" to complement space exploration missions. Extensive information about these unique materials, as well as actual lunar samples and meteorites, are available for display and education. The Johnson Space Center (JSC) has the unique responsibility to curate NASA's extraterrestrial samples from past and future missions. Curation includes documentation, preservation, preparation, and distribution of samples for research, education, and public outreach. At the current time JSC curates six types of extraterrestrial samples: (1) Moon rocks and soils collected by the Apollo astronauts (2) Meteorites collected on US expeditions to Antarctica (including rocks from the Moon, Mars, and many asteroids including Vesta) (3) "Cosmic dust" (asteroid and comet particles) collected by high-altitude aircraft (4) Solar wind atoms collected by the Genesis spacecraft (5) Comet particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft (6) Interstellar dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft These rocks, soils, dust particles, and atoms continue to be studied intensively by scientists around the world. Descriptions of the samples, research results, thousands of photographs, and information on how to request research samples are on the JSC Curation website: http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/ NASA provides a limited number of Moon rock samples for either short-term or long-term displays at museums, planetariums, expositions, and professional events that are open to the public. The JSC Public Affairs Office handles requests for such display samples. Requestors should apply in writing to Mr. Louis Parker, JSC Exhibits Manager. Mr. Parker will advise successful applicants regarding provisions for receipt, display, and return of the samples. All loans will be preceded by a signed loan agreement executed between NASA and the requestor's organization. Email address: louis.a.parker@nasa.gov Sets of twelve thin sections of Apollo lunar samples and sets of twelve thin sections of meteorites are available for short-term loan from JSC Curation. The thin sections are designed for use in college and university courses where petrographic microscopes are available for viewing. Requestors should contact the Ms. Mary Luckey, Education Sample Curator. Email address: mary.k.luckey@nasa.gov

[Normal and pathological elastic tissue under the electron microscope on thin and ultrathin sections (author's transl)].

PubMed

Adnet, J J; Pinteaux, A; Pousse, G; Caulet, T

1976-04-01

Three simple methods (adapted from optical techniques) for normal and pathological elastic tissue caracterisation in electron microscopy on thin and ultrathin sections are proposed. Two of these methods (orcein and fuchsin resorcin) seem to have a specificity for arterial and breast cancer elastic tissue. Weigert's method gives the best contrast.

Internal-external flow integration for a thin ejector-flapped wing section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woolard, H. W.

1979-01-01

Thin airfoil theories of an ejector flapped wing section are reviewed. The global matching of the external airfoil flow with the ejector internal flow and the overall ejector flapped wing section aerodynamic performance are examined. Mathematical models of the external and internal flows are presented. The delineation of the suction flow coefficient characteristics are discussed. The idealized lift performance of an ejector flapped wing relative to a jet augmented flapped wing are compared.

Ice crystal c-axis orientation and mean grain size measurements from the Dome Summit South ice core, Law Dome, East Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Treverrow, Adam; Jun, Li; Jacka, Tim H.

2016-06-01

We present measurements of crystal c-axis orientations and mean grain area from the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core drilled on Law Dome, East Antarctica. All measurements were made on location at the borehole site during drilling operations. The data are from 185 individual thin sections obtained between a depth of 117 m below the surface and the bottom of the DSS core at a depth of 1196 m. The median number of c-axis orientations recorded in each thin section was 100, with values ranging from 5 through to 111 orientations. The data from all 185 thin sections are provided in a single comma-separated value (csv) formatted file which contains the c-axis orientations in polar coordinates, depth information for each core section from which the data were obtained, the mean grain area calculated for each thin section and other data related to the drilling site. The data set is also available as a MATLAB™ structure array. Additionally, the c-axis orientation data from each of the 185 thin sections are summarized graphically in figures containing a Schmidt diagram, histogram of c-axis colatitudes and rose plot of c-axis azimuths. All these data are referenced by doi:10.4225/15/5669050CC1B3B and are available free of charge at https://data.antarctica.gov.au.<

Scanning Angle Raman spectroscopy in polymer thin film characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Vy H.T.

The focus of this thesis is the application of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of thin polymer films. Chapter 1 provides background information and motivation, including the fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy for chemical analysis, scanning angle Raman scattering and scanning angle Raman scattering for applications in thin polymer film characterization. Chapter 2 represents a published manuscript that focuses on the application of scanning angle Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of submicron thin films with a description of methodology for measuring the film thickness and location of an interface between two polymer layers. Chapter 3 provides an outlook and future directionsmore » for the work outlined in this thesis. Appendix A, contains a published manuscript that outlines the use of Raman spectroscopy to aid in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalytic systems. Appendix B and C contain published manuscripts that set a foundation for the work presented in Chapter 2.« less

Finite Rotation Analysis of Highly Thin and Flexible Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, Greg V.; Lee, Keejoo; Lee, Sung W.; Broduer, Stephen J. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Deployable space structures such as sunshields and solar sails are extremely thin and highly flexible with limited bending rigidity. For analytical investigation of their responses during deployment and operation in space, these structures can be modeled as thin shells. The present work examines the applicability of the solid shell element formulation to modeling of deployable space structures. The solid shell element formulation that models a shell as a three-dimensional solid is convenient in that no rotational parameters are needed for the description of kinematics of deformation. However, shell elements may suffer from element locking as the thickness becomes smaller unless special care is taken. It is shown that, when combined with the assumed strain formulation, the solid shell element formulation results in finite element models that are free of locking even for extremely thin structures. Accordingly, they can be used for analysis of highly flexible space structures undergoing geometrically nonlinear finite rotations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Connolly, J.R.

Petrologic, bulk chemical, and mineralogic data are presented for 49 samples of tuffaceous rocks from core holes USW G-1 and UE-25a{number_sign}1 at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Included, in descending stratigraphic order, are 11 samples from the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff, 12 samples from the Tuffaceous Beds of Calico Hills, 3 samples from the Prow Pass Member of the Crater Flat Tuff, 20 samples from the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff and 3 samples from the Tram Member of the Crater Flat Tuff. The suite of samples contains a wide variety of petrologic types, including zeolitized, glassy,more » and devitrified tuffs. Data vary considerably between groups of samples, and include thin section descriptions (some with modal analyses for which uncertainties are estimated), electron microprobe analyses of mineral phases and matrix, mineral identifications by X-ray diffraction, and major element analyses with uncertainty estimates.« less

AmeriFlux US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP)

DOE Data Explorer

Chen, Jiquan [Michigan State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi4 Mature red pine (MRP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Mature Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations of all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

AmeriFlux US-Wi2 Intermediate red pine (IRP)

DOE Data Explorer

Chen, Jiquan [Michigan State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi2 Intermediate red pine (IRP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Intermediate Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. The intermediate red pine site is one of ten sites that collectively represent the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations of all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

AmeriFlux US-Wi0 Young red pine (YRP)

DOE Data Explorer

Chen, Jiquan [Michigan State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi0 Young red pine (YRP). Site Description - The Wisconsin Young Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. As an assemblage, the ten Wisconsin sites are indicative of the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations of all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

AmeriFlux US-Wi7 Red pine clearcut (RPCC)

DOE Data Explorer

Chen, Jiquan [Michigan State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Wi7 Red pine clearcut (RPCC). Site Description - The Wisconsin Clearcut Red Pine site is located in the Washburn Ranger District of the northeastern section of Chequamegon National Forest. A member of the northern coniferous-deciduous biome, surveys from the mid-19th century indicate the region consisted of a mixed stand of red, white, and jack pines. After extensive timber harvesting, wildfires, and farming activity, the region turned into a fragmented mosaic of stands of various ages and composition. The red pine clearcut site is one of ten sites that collectively represent the successional stages of development in the predominant stand types of a physically homogeneous landscape. Thinned every 7 years until they reach 100 to 150 years of age, the red pine plantations or all ages occupy approximately 25% of the region.

Description and hydrogeologic implications of cored sedimentary material from the 1975 drilling program at the radioactive waste management complex, Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rightmire, C.T.

1984-01-01

Samples of sedimentary material from interbeds between basalt flows and from fractures in the flows, taken from two drill cores at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory were analyzed for (1) particle-size dribution, (2) bulk mineralogy, (3) clay mineralogy, (4) cation-exchange capacity, and (5) carbonate content. Thin sections of selected sediment material were made for petrographic examination. Preliminary interpretations indicate that (1) it may be possible to distinguish the various sediment interbeds on the basis of their mineralogy, (2) the presence of carbonate horizons in sedimentary interbeds may be utilized to approximate the time of exposure and the climate while the surface was exposed (which affected the hydrogeologic character of the sediment), and the type and orientation of fracture-filling material may be utilized to determine the mechanism by which fractures were filled. (USGS)

12 CFR 194.802 - Description of business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Description of business. 194.802 Section 194... SAVINGS ASSOCIATIONS Interpretations § 194.802 Description of business. (a) This section applies to the description-of-business portion of: (1) Registration statements filed on Form 10 (item 1) (17 CFR 249.210), (2...

AmeriFlux US-Fmf Flagstaff - Managed Forest

DOE Data Explorer

Dor, Sabina [Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States); Kolb, Thomas [Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ (United States)

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Fmf Flagstaff - Managed Forest. Site Description - Ponderosa pine forest subject to thinning in September 2006. Project webpage http://nau.edu/CEFNS/Forestry/Research/Carbon-Flux/Sites/

Obtaining Magnetic Properties of Meteorites Using Magnetic Scanner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kletetschka, G.; Nabelek, L.; Mazanec, M.; Simon, K.; Hruba, J.

2015-12-01

Magnetic images of Murchison meteorite's and Chelyabinsk meteorite's thin section have been obtained from magnetic scanning system from Youngwood Science and Engineering (YSE) capable of resolving magnetic anomalies down to 10-3 mT range from about 0.3 mm distance between the probe and meteorite surface (resolution about 0.15 mm). Anomalies were produced repeatedly, each time after application of magnetic field pulse of varying amplitude and constant, normal or reversed, direction. This process resulted in both magnetizing and demagnetizing of the meteorite thin section, while keeping the magnetization vector in the plane of the thin section. Analysis of the magnetic data allows determination of coercivity of remanence (Bcr) for the magnetic sources in situ. Value of Bcr is critical for calculating magnetic forces applicable during missions to asteroids where gravity is compromised. Bcr was estimated by two methods. First method measured varying dipole magnetic field strength produced by each anomaly in the direction of magnetic pulses. Second method measured deflections of the dipole direction from the direction of magnetic pulses (Nabelek et al., 2015). Nabelek, L., Mazanec, M., Kdyr, S., and Kletetschka, G., 2015, Magnetic, in situ, mineral characterization of Chelyabinsk meteorite thin section: Meteoritics & Planetary Science.

Particle Shape Characterization of Lunar Regolith using Reflected Light Microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCarty, C. B.; Garcia, G. C.; Rickman, D.

2014-12-01

Automated identification of particles in lunar thin sections is necessary for practical measurement of particle shape, void characterization, and quantitative characterization of sediment fabric. This may be done using image analysis, but several aspects of the lunar regolith make such automations difficult. For example, many of the particles are shattered; others are aggregates of smaller particles. Sieve sizes of the particles span 5 orders of magnitude. The physical thickness of a thin section, at a nominal 30 microns, is large compared to the size of many of the particles. Image acquisition modes, such as SEM and reflected light, while superior to transmitted light, still have significant ambiguity as to the volume being sampled. It is also desirable to have a technique that is inexpensive, not resource intensive, and analytically robust. To this end, we have developed an image acquisition and processing protocol that identifies and delineates resolvable particles on the front surface of a lunar thin section using a petrographic microscope in reflected light. For a polished thin section, a grid is defined covering the entire thin section. The grid defines discrete images taken with 20% overlap, minimizing the number of particles that intersect image boundaries. In reflected light mode, two images are acquired at each grid location, with a closed aperture diaphragm. One image, A, is focused precisely on the front surface of the thin section. The second image, B, is made after the stage is brought toward the objective lens just slightly. A bright fringe line, analogous to a Becke line, appears inside all transparent particles at the front surface of the section in the second image. The added light in the bright line corresponds to a deficit around the particles. Particle identification is done using ImageJ and uses multiple steps. A hybrid 5x5 median filter is used to make images Af and Bf. This primarily removes very small particles just below the front surface of the section. Bf - (Bf/Af) is then computed. The division strongly enhances the fringe and the deficit, while minimizing the correlated information in A and B. The subtraction emphasizes the particle-epoxy boundaries. The resulting image is converted to binary, and then holes are filled. Cracks are removed using a median-based operator.

Innovative remotely-controlled bending device for thin silicon and germanium crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Salvador, D.; Carturan, S.; Mazzolari, A.; Bagli, E.; Bandiera, L.; Durighello, C.; Germogli, G.; Guidi, V.; Klag, P.; Lauth, W.; Maggioni, G.; Romagnoni, M.; Sytov, A.

2018-04-01

Steering of negatively charged particle beams below 1 GeV has demonstrated to be possible with thin bent silicon and germanium crystals. A newly designed mechanical holder was used for bending crystals, since it allows a remotely-controlled adjustment of crystal bending and compensation of unwanted torsion. Bent crystals were installed and tested at the MAMI Mainz MIcrotron to achieve steering of 0.855-GeV electrons at different bending radii. We report the description and characterization of the innovative bending device developed at INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL).

Multiple Coulomb scattering in thin silicon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berger, N.; Buniatyan, A.; Eckert, P.; Förster, F.; Gredig, R.; Kovalenko, O.; Kiehn, M.; Philipp, R.; Schöning, A.; Wiedner, D.

2014-07-01

We present a measurement of multiple Coulomb scattering of 1 to 6 GeV/c electrons in thin (50-140 μm) silicon targets. The data were obtained with the EUDET telescope Aconite at DESY and are compared to parametrisations as used in the Geant4 software package. We find good agreement between data and simulation in the scattering distribution width but large deviations in the shape of the distribution. In order to achieve a better description of the shape, a new scattering model based on a Student's t distribution is developed and compared to the data.

Simulation of the stress computation in shells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salama, M.; Utku, S.

1978-01-01

A self-teaching computer program is described, whereby the stresses in thin shells can be computed with good accuracy using the best fit approach. The program is designed for use in interactive game mode to allow the structural engineer to learn about (1) the major sources of difficulties and associated errors in the computation of stresses in thin shells, (2) possible ways to reduce the errors, and (3) trade-off between computational cost and accuracy. Included are derivation of the computational approach, program description, and several examples illustrating the program usage.

Detailed design package for design of a video system providing optimal visual information for controlling payload and experiment operations with television

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A detailed description of a video system for controlling space shuttle payloads and experiments is presented in the preliminary design review and critical design review, first and second engineering design reports respectively, and in the final report submitted jointly with the design package. The material contained in the four subsequent sections of the package contains system descriptions, design data, and specifications for the recommended 2-view system. Section 2 contains diagrams relating to the simulation test configuration of the 2-view system. Section 3 contains descriptions and drawings of the deliverable breadboard equipment. A description of the recommended system is contained in Section 4 with equipment specifications in Section 5.

Method and system for constructing a rechargeable battery and battery structures formed with the method

DOEpatents

Hobson, David O.; Snyder, Jr., William B.

1995-01-01

A method and system for manufacturing a thin-film battery and a battery structure formed with the method utilizes a plurality of deposition stations at which thin battery component films are built up in sequence upon a web-like substrate as the substrate is automatically moved through the stations. At an initial station, cathode and anode current collector film sections are deposited upon the substrate, and at another station, a thin cathode film is deposited upon the substrate so to overlie part of the cathode current collector section. At another station, a thin electrolyte film is deposited upon so as to overlie the cathode film and part of the anode current collector film, at yet another station, a thin lithium film is deposited upon so as to overlie the electrolyte film and an additional part of the anode current collector film. Such a method accommodates the winding of a layup of battery components into a spiral configuration to provide a thin-film, high capacity battery and also accommodates the build up of thin film battery components onto a substrate surface having any of a number of shapes.

12 CFR 563d.802 - Description of business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Description of business. 563d.802 Section 563d... ASSOCIATIONS Interpretations § 563d.802 Description of business. (a) This section applies to the description-of-business portion of: (1) Registration statements filed on Form 10 (item 1) (17 CFR 249.210), (2) Proxy and...

Universal Spatial Correlation Functions for Describing and Reconstructing Soil Microstructure

PubMed Central

Skvortsova, Elena B.; Mallants, Dirk

2015-01-01

Structural features of porous materials such as soil define the majority of its physical properties, including water infiltration and redistribution, multi-phase flow (e.g. simultaneous water/air flow, or gas exchange between biologically active soil root zone and atmosphere) and solute transport. To characterize soil microstructure, conventional soil science uses such metrics as pore size and pore-size distributions and thin section-derived morphological indicators. However, these descriptors provide only limited amount of information about the complex arrangement of soil structure and have limited capability to reconstruct structural features or predict physical properties. We introduce three different spatial correlation functions as a comprehensive tool to characterize soil microstructure: 1) two-point probability functions, 2) linear functions, and 3) two-point cluster functions. This novel approach was tested on thin-sections (2.21×2.21 cm2) representing eight soils with different pore space configurations. The two-point probability and linear correlation functions were subsequently used as a part of simulated annealing optimization procedures to reconstruct soil structure. Comparison of original and reconstructed images was based on morphological characteristics, cluster correlation functions, total number of pores and pore-size distribution. Results showed excellent agreement for soils with isolated pores, but relatively poor correspondence for soils exhibiting dual-porosity features (i.e. superposition of pores and micro-cracks). Insufficient information content in the correlation function sets used for reconstruction may have contributed to the observed discrepancies. Improved reconstructions may be obtained by adding cluster and other correlation functions into reconstruction sets. Correlation functions and the associated stochastic reconstruction algorithms introduced here are universally applicable in soil science, such as for soil classification, pore-scale modelling of soil properties, soil degradation monitoring, and description of spatial dynamics of soil microbial activity. PMID:26010779

Universal spatial correlation functions for describing and reconstructing soil microstructure.

PubMed

Karsanina, Marina V; Gerke, Kirill M; Skvortsova, Elena B; Mallants, Dirk

2015-01-01

Structural features of porous materials such as soil define the majority of its physical properties, including water infiltration and redistribution, multi-phase flow (e.g. simultaneous water/air flow, or gas exchange between biologically active soil root zone and atmosphere) and solute transport. To characterize soil microstructure, conventional soil science uses such metrics as pore size and pore-size distributions and thin section-derived morphological indicators. However, these descriptors provide only limited amount of information about the complex arrangement of soil structure and have limited capability to reconstruct structural features or predict physical properties. We introduce three different spatial correlation functions as a comprehensive tool to characterize soil microstructure: 1) two-point probability functions, 2) linear functions, and 3) two-point cluster functions. This novel approach was tested on thin-sections (2.21×2.21 cm2) representing eight soils with different pore space configurations. The two-point probability and linear correlation functions were subsequently used as a part of simulated annealing optimization procedures to reconstruct soil structure. Comparison of original and reconstructed images was based on morphological characteristics, cluster correlation functions, total number of pores and pore-size distribution. Results showed excellent agreement for soils with isolated pores, but relatively poor correspondence for soils exhibiting dual-porosity features (i.e. superposition of pores and micro-cracks). Insufficient information content in the correlation function sets used for reconstruction may have contributed to the observed discrepancies. Improved reconstructions may be obtained by adding cluster and other correlation functions into reconstruction sets. Correlation functions and the associated stochastic reconstruction algorithms introduced here are universally applicable in soil science, such as for soil classification, pore-scale modelling of soil properties, soil degradation monitoring, and description of spatial dynamics of soil microbial activity.

Memristive Properties of Thin Film Cuprous Oxide

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 MEMRISTIVE PROPERTIES OF THIN FILM CUPROUS OXIDE THESIS Brett C...Force Base, Ohio APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED The views expressed in this thesis are those of the...MEMRISTIVE PROPERTIES OF THIN FILM CUPROUS OXIDE THESIS Presented to the Faculty Department of Engineering Physics Graduate School of

7 CFR 29.2438 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2438 Section 29.2438... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2438 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves usually grown at the center portion of the stalk. These leaves normally have a rounded tip, are thinner in...

7 CFR 29.2438 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2438 Section 29.2438... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2438 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves usually grown at the center portion of the stalk. These leaves normally have a rounded tip, are thinner in...

7 CFR 29.2438 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2438 Section 29.2438... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2438 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves usually grown at the center portion of the stalk. These leaves normally have a rounded tip, are thinner in...

7 CFR 29.2438 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2438 Section 29.2438... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2438 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves usually grown at the center portion of the stalk. These leaves normally have a rounded tip, are thinner in...

7 CFR 29.2438 - Thin Leaf (C Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Thin Leaf (C Group). 29.2438 Section 29.2438... REGULATIONS TOBACCO INSPECTION Standards Grades § 29.2438 Thin Leaf (C Group). This group consists of leaves usually grown at the center portion of the stalk. These leaves normally have a rounded tip, are thinner in...

Lα and Mαβ X-ray production cross-sections of Bi by 6-30 keV electron impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Y.; Xu, M. X.; Yuan, Y.; Wu, Y.; Qian, Z. C.; Chang, C. H.; Mei, C. S.; Zhu, J. J.; Moharram, K.

2017-12-01

In this paper, the Lα and Mαβ X-ray production cross-sections for Bi impacted by 6-30 keV electron have been measured. The experiments were performed at a Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with a silicon drift detector. The thin film with thick C substrate and the thin film deposited on self-supporting thin C film were both used as the targets to make a comparison. For the thick carbon substrate target, the Monte Carlo method has been used to eliminate the contribution of backscattering particles. The measured data are compared with the DWBA theoretical model and the experimental results in the literature. The experimental data for the thin film with thick C substrate target and the thin film deposited on self-supporting thin C film target are within reasonable gaps. The DWBA theoretical model gives good fit to the experimental data both for L- and M- shells. Besides, we also analyze the reasons why the discrepancies exist between our measurements and the experimental results in the literature.

Distal facies variability within the Upper Triassic part of the Otuk Formation in northern Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Whidden, Katherine J.; Dumoulin, Julie A.; Whalen, M.T.; Hutton, E.; Moore, Thomas; Gaswirth, Stephanie

2014-01-01

The Triassic-Jurassic Otuk Formation is a potentially important source rock in allochthonous structural positions in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range in the North Slope of Alaska. This study focuses on three localities of the Upper Triassic (Norian) limestone member, which form a present-day, 110-km-long, east-west transect in the central Brooks Range. All three sections are within the structurally lowest Endicott Mountain allochthon and are interpreted to have been deposited along a marine outer shelf with a ramp geometry.The uppermost limestone member of the Otuk was chosen for this study in order to better understand lateral and vertical variability within carbonate source rocks, to aid prediction of organic richness, and ultimately, to evaluate the potential for these units to act as continuous (or unconventional) reservoirs. At each locality, 1 to 4 m sections of the limestone member were measured and sampled in detail to capture fine-scale features. Hand sample and thin section descriptions reveal four major microfacies in the study area, and one diagenetically recrystallized microfacies. Microfacies 1 and 2 are interpreted to represent redeposition of material by downslope transport, whereas microfacies 3 and 4 have high total organic carbon (TOC) values and are classified as primary depositional organofacies. Microfacies 3 is interpreted to have been deposited under primarily high productivity conditions, with high concentrations of radiolarian tests. Microfacies 4 was deposited under the lowest relative-oxygen conditions, but abundant thin bivalve shells indicate that the sediment-water interface was probably not anoxic.The Otuk Formation is interpreted to have been deposited outboard of a southwest-facing ramp margin, with the location of the three limestone outcrops likely in relatively close proximity during deposition. All three sections have evidence of transported material, implying that the Triassic Alaskan Basin was not a low-energy, deep-water setting, but rather a dynamic system with intermittent, yet significant, downslope flow. Upwelling played an important role in the small-scale vertical variability in microfacies. The zone of upwelling and resultant oxygen-minimum zone may have migrated across the ramp during fourth- or fifth-order sea-level changes.

A simple method for maintaining relative positions of separate tissue elements during processing for electron microscopy.

PubMed

Stirling, C A

1978-09-01

Molten (328 K) 20% gelatin is used as a 'glue' to hold together separate tissue elements or tissue elements that may be separated when cutting small blocks of tissue for plastic embedding. Standard aldehyde and osmium fixation, dehydration and epoxy embedding are compatible with this as is semi-thin sectioning for light microscopy or thin sectioning for electron microscopy.

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques Applied to the Quantitative Characterization of Textile Composite Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, James G.

1997-01-01

In this Progress Report, we describe our further development of advanced ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation methods applied to the characterization of anisotropic materials. We present images obtained from experimental measurements of ultrasonic diffraction patterns transmitted through water only and transmitted through water and a thin woven composite. All images of diffraction patterns have been included on the accompanying CD-ROM in the JPEG format and Adobe TM Portable Document Format (PDF), in addition to the inclusion of hardcopies of the images contained in this report. In our previous semi-annual Progress Report (NAG 1-1848, December, 1996), we proposed a simple model to simulate the effect of a thin woven composite on an insonifying ultrasonic pressure field. This initial approach provided an avenue to begin development of a robust measurement method for nondestructive evaluation of anisotropic materials. In this Progress Report, we extend that work by performing experimental measurements on a single layer of a five-harness biaxial woven composite to investigate how a thin, yet architecturally complex, material interacts with the insonifying ultrasonic field. In Section 2 of this Progress Report we describe the experimental arrangement and methods for data acquisition of the ultrasonic diffraction patterns upon transmission through a thin woven composite. We also briefly describe the thin composite specimen investigated. Section 3 details the analysis of the experimental data followed by the experimental results in Section 4. Finally, a discussion of the observations and conclusions is found in Section 5.

Novel Methods of Determining Urinary Calculi Composition: Petrographic Thin Sectioning of Calculi and Nanoscale Flow Cytometry Urinalysis

PubMed Central

Gavin, Carson T; Ali, Sohrab N; Tailly, Thomas; Olvera-Posada, Daniel; Alenezi, Husain; Power, Nicholas E; Hou, Jinqiang; St. Amant, Andre H; Luyt, Leonard G; Wood, Stephen; Wu, Charles; Razvi, Hassan; Leong, Hon S

2016-01-01

Accurate determination of urinary stone composition has significant bearing on understanding pathophysiology, choosing treatment modalities and preventing recurrence. A need exists for improved methods to determine stone composition. Urine of 31 patients with known renal calculi was examined with nanoscale flow cytometry and the calculi collected during surgery subsequently underwent petrographic thin sectioning with polarized and fluorescent microscopy. Fluorescently labeled bisphosphonate probes (Alendronate-fluorescein/Alendronate-Cy5) were developed for nanoscale flow cytometry to enumerate nanocrystals that bound the fluorescent probes. Petrographic sections of stones were also imaged by fluorescent and polarized light microscopy with composition analysis correlated to alendronate +ve nanocrystal counts in corresponding urine samples. Urine samples from patients with Ca2+ and Mg2+ based calculi exhibited the highest alendronate +ve nanocrystal counts, ranging from 100–1000 nm in diameter. This novel urine based assay was in agreement with composition determined by petrographic thin sections with Alendronate probes. In some cases, high alendronate +ve nanocrystal counts indicated a Ca2+ or Mg2+ composition, as confirmed by petrographic analysis, overturning initial spectrophotometric diagnosis of stone composition. The combination of nanoscale flow cytometry and petrographic thin sections offer an alternative means for determining stone composition. Nanoscale flow cytometry of alendronate +ve nanocrystals alone may provide a high-throughput means of evaluating stone burden. PMID:26771074

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version C code for scattering from frequency-independent dielectric and magnetic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1992-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code Version C is a three-dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering code based on the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. The supplied version of the code is one version of our current three-dimensional FDTD code set. The manual given here provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into 14 sections: introduction, description of the FDTD method, operation, resource requirements, Version C code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include file (COMMONC.FOR), a section briefly discussing radar cross section computations, a section discussing some scattering results, a new problem checklist, references, and figure titles.

Photo-response behavior of organic transistors based on thermally annealed semiconducting diketopyrrolopyrrole core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarsoly, Gergely; Pyo, Seungmoon

2018-06-01

We report the opto-electrical response of organic field-effect transistors based on a thin-film of a semiconducting diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) core, a popular building block for molecular semiconductors, and a polymeric gate dielectric. The thin-film of the DPP core was thermally annealed at different temperatures under N2 atmosphere to investigate the relationship between the annealing temperature and the electrical properties of the device. The results showed that the annealing process induces morphological changes in the thin film, and properly controlling the thermal annealing conditions can enhance the device performance. In addition, we also investigated in detail the photo-response behaviors by analyzing the responsivity (R) of the device with the optimally annealed DPP-core thin film under two light illumination conditions by considering the irradiance absorbed by the thin film instead of the total irradiance of the light source. We found that the proposed model could lead to a light-source-independent description of the photo-response behavior of the device, and which can be used for other applications.

Surface and interface analysis of nanomaterials at microfocus beamline (BL-16) of Indus-2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, Gangadhar, E-mail: rnrrsgangadhar@gmail.com; Tiwari, M. K., E-mail: mktiwati@rrcat.gov.in; Homi Bhabha National Institute, RRCAT

2016-05-06

Analysis of chemical nature and electronic structure at the interface of a thin film medium is important in many technological applications as well as to understand overall efficiency of a thin film device. Synchrotron radiation based x-ray spectroscopy is a promising technique to study interface nature of the nanomaterials with atomic resolutions. A combined x-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence x-ray fluorescence measurement facility has been recently constructed at the BL-16 microfocus beamline of Indus-2 synchrotron facility to accomplish surface-interface microstructural characterization of thin layered materials. It is also possible to analyze contaminates or adsorbed ad-atoms on the surface of themore » thin nanostructure materials. The BL-16 beamline also provides an attractive platform to perform a variety of analytical research activities especially in the field of micro x-ray fluorescence and ultra-trace elements analysis using Synchrotron radiation. We describe various salient features of the BL-16 reflectometer experimental station and the detailed description of its capabilities through the measured results, obtained for various thin layered nanomaterials.« less

Histological evidence for muscle insertion in extant amniote femora: implications for muscle reconstruction in fossils.

PubMed

Petermann, Holger; Sander, Martin

2013-04-01

Since the 19th century, identification of muscle attachment sites on bones has been important for muscle reconstructions, especially in fossil tetrapods, and therefore has been the subject of numerous biological and paleontological studies. At the microscopic level, in histological thin sections, the only features that can be used reliably for identifying tendon-bone or muscle-tendon-bone interactions are Sharpey's fibers. Muscles, however, do not only attach to the bone indirectly with tendons, but also directly. Previous studies failed to provide new indicators for muscle attachment, or to address the question of whether muscles with direct attachment can be identified histologically. However, histological identification of direct muscle attachments is important because these attachments do not leave visible marks (e.g. scars and rugosities) on the bone surface. We dissected the right hind limb and mapped the muscle attachment sites on the femur of one rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), one Alligator mississippiensis, and one turkey (Meleagris cuniculus). We then extracted the femur and prepared four histological thin sections for the rabbit and the turkey and five histological thin sections for the alligator. Sharpey's fibers, vascular canal orientation, and a frayed periosteal margin can be indicators for indirect but also direct muscle attachment. Sharpey's fibers can be oriented to the cutting plane of the thin section at high angles, and two Sharpey's fibers orientations can occur in one area, possibly indicating a secondary force axis. However, only about 60% of mapped muscle attachment sites could be detected in thin sections, and frequently histological features suggestive of muscle attachment occurred outside mapped sites. While these insights should improve our ability to successfully identify and reconstruct muscles in extinct species, they also show the limitations of this approach. © 2013 The Authors Journal of Anatomy © 2013 Anatomical Society.

Histological evidence for muscle insertion in extant amniote femora: implications for muscle reconstruction in fossils

PubMed Central

Petermann, Holger; Sander, Martin

2013-01-01

Since the 19th century, identification of muscle attachment sites on bones has been important for muscle reconstructions, especially in fossil tetrapods, and therefore has been the subject of numerous biological and paleontological studies. At the microscopic level, in histological thin sections, the only features that can be used reliably for identifying tendon–bone or muscle–tendon-bone interactions are Sharpey's fibers. Muscles, however, do not only attach to the bone indirectly with tendons, but also directly. Previous studies failed to provide new indicators for muscle attachment, or to address the question of whether muscles with direct attachment can be identified histologically. However, histological identification of direct muscle attachments is important because these attachments do not leave visible marks (e.g. scars and rugosities) on the bone surface. We dissected the right hind limb and mapped the muscle attachment sites on the femur of one rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), one Alligator mississippiensis, and one turkey (Meleagris cuniculus). We then extracted the femur and prepared four histological thin sections for the rabbit and the turkey and five histological thin sections for the alligator. Sharpey's fibers, vascular canal orientation, and a frayed periosteal margin can be indicators for indirect but also direct muscle attachment. Sharpey's fibers can be oriented to the cutting plane of the thin section at high angles, and two Sharpey's fibers orientations can occur in one area, possibly indicating a secondary force axis. However, only about 60% of mapped muscle attachment sites could be detected in thin sections, and frequently histological features suggestive of muscle attachment occurred outside mapped sites. While these insights should improve our ability to successfully identify and reconstruct muscles in extinct species, they also show the limitations of this approach. PMID:23439026

Atmospheric turbulence simulation for Shuttle orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tatom, F. B.; Smith, S. R.

1979-01-01

An improved non-recursive model for atmospheric turbulence along the flight path of the Shuttle Orbiter is developed which provides for simulation of instantaneous vertical and horizontal gusts at the vehicle center-of-gravity, and also for simulation of instantaneous gust gradients. Based on this model the time series for both gusts and gust gradients are generated and stored on a series of magnetic tapes. Section 2 provides a description of the various technical considerations associated with the turbulence simulation model. Included in this section are descriptions of the digital filter simulation model, the von Karman spectra with finite upper limits, and the final non recursive turbulence simulation model which was used to generate the time series. Section 2 provides a description of the various technical considerations associated with the turbulence simulation model. Included in this section are descriptions of the digial filter simulation model, the von Karman spectra with finite upper limits, and the final non recursive turbulence simulation model which was used to generate the time series. Section 3 provides a description of the time series as currently recorded on magnetic tape. Conclusions and recommendations are presented in Section 4.

Evaporation thermal anslysis of Swallow-tailed Axial-grooved Heat Pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Renping

2018-03-01

A detailed mathematical model that describes evaporating characteristics through thin liquid film at the evaporator section of swallow-tailed axial-grooved heat pipe was developed. The numerical simulation results about thin film profile, liquid-vapour interface temperature, evaporating rate and heat flux at the evaporating thin film region were given by the current investigation and the effect of superheat on the liquid-vapour interface temperature, evaporating mass rate and heat flux was discussed. Meanwhile, thermal model of the meniscus region at the evaporating section was developed to calculate the rate of heat transfer. The ratio of the heat conduction in the evaporating thin liquid film region and total heat rate were also discussed. It is indicated that the thickness of thin liquid film rises in a nearly linear fashion. The disjoining pressure can be neglected with increasing the liquid film thickness, tends to be negligibly small. The heat transfer rate at the intrinsic meniscus cannot be compared with that of the evaporating liquid film region.

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version D code for scattering from frequency-dependent dielectric and magnetic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1992-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code version D is a 3-D numerical electromagnetic scattering code based upon the finite difference time domain technique (FDTD). The manual provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into 14 sections: introduction; description of the FDTD method; operation; resource requirements; version D code capabilities; a brief description of the default scattering geometry; a brief description of each subroutine; a description of the include file; a section briefly discussing Radar Cross Section computations; a section discussing some scattering results; a sample problem setup section; a new problem checklist; references and figure titles. The FDTD technique models transient electromagnetic scattering and interactions with objects of arbitrary shape and/or material composition. In the FDTD method, Maxwell's curl equations are discretized in time-space and all derivatives (temporal and spatial) are approximated by central differences.

7 CFR 201.56-10 - Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... dicot. (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like; endosperm (fleshy food-storage... the cotyledons, endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface. (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually developing within the test period. (b) Abnormal seedling description. (1) Cotyledons...

7 CFR 201.56-10 - Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... dicot. (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like; endosperm (fleshy food-storage... the cotyledons, endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface. (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually developing within the test period. (b) Abnormal seedling description. (1) Cotyledons...

Stochastic description of geometric phase for polarized waves in random media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boulanger, Jérémie; Le Bihan, Nicolas; Rossetto, Vincent

2013-01-01

We present a stochastic description of multiple scattering of polarized waves in the regime of forward scattering. In this regime, if the source is polarized, polarization survives along a few transport mean free paths, making it possible to measure an outgoing polarization distribution. We consider thin scattering media illuminated by a polarized source and compute the probability distribution function of the polarization on the exit surface. We solve the direct problem using compound Poisson processes on the rotation group SO(3) and non-commutative harmonic analysis. We obtain an exact expression for the polarization distribution which generalizes previous works and design an algorithm solving the inverse problem of estimating the scattering properties of the medium from the measured polarization distribution. This technique applies to thin disordered layers, spatially fluctuating media and multiple scattering systems and is based on the polarization but not on the signal amplitude. We suggest that it can be used as a non-invasive testing method.

Thermogravimetric analysis for rapid assessment of moisture diffusivity in polydisperse powder and thin film matrices.

PubMed

Thirunathan, Praveena; Arnz, Patrik; Husny, Joeska; Gianfrancesco, Alessandro; Perdana, Jimmy

2018-03-01

Accurate description of moisture diffusivity is key to precisely understand and predict moisture transfer behaviour in a matrix. Unfortunately, measuring moisture diffusivity is not trivial, especially at low moisture values and/or elevated temperatures. This paper presents a novel experimental procedure to accurately measure moisture diffusivity based on thermogravimetric approach. The procedure is capable to measure diffusivity even at elevated temperatures (>70°C) and low moisture values (>1%). Diffusivity was extracted from experimental data based on "regular regime approach". The approach was tailored to determine diffusivity from thin film and from poly-dispersed powdered samples. Subsequently, measured diffusivity was validated by comparing to available literature data, showing good agreement. Ability of this approach to accurately measure diffusivity at a wider range of temperatures provides better insight on temperature dependency of diffusivity. Thus, this approach can be crucial to ensure good accuracy of moisture transfer description/prediction especially when involving elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tunneling probe of fluctuating superconductivity in disordered thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dentelski, David; Frydman, Aviad; Shimshoni, Efrat; Dalla Torre, Emanuele G.

2018-03-01

Disordered thin films close to the superconductor-insulator phase transition (SIT) hold the key to understanding quantum phase transition in strongly correlated materials. The SIT is governed by superconducting quantum fluctuations, which can be revealed, for example, by tunneling measurements. These experiments detect a spectral gap, accompanied by suppressed coherence peaks, on both sides of the transition. Here we describe the insulating side in terms of a fluctuating superconducting field with finite-range correlations. We perform a controlled diagrammatic resummation and derive analytic expressions for the tunneling differential conductance. We find that short-range superconducting fluctuations suppress the coherence peaks even in the presence of long-range correlations. Our approach offers a quantitative description of existing measurements on disordered thin films and accounts for tunneling spectra with suppressed coherence peaks.

Axial Crushing of Thin-Walled Columns with Octagonal Section: Modeling and Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yucheng; Day, Michael L.

This chapter focus on numerical crashworthiness analysis of straight thinwalled columns with octagonal cross sections. Two important issues in this analysis are demonstrated here: computer modeling and crashworthiness design. In the first part, this chapter introduces a method of developing simplified finite element (FE) models for the straight thin-walled octagonal columns, which can be used for the numerical crashworthiness analysis. Next, this chapter performs a crashworthiness design for such thin-walled columns in order to maximize their energy absorption capability. Specific energy absorption (SEA) is set as the design objective, side length of the octagonal cross section and wall thickness are selected as design variables, and maximum crushing force (Pm) occurs during crashes is set as design constraint. Response surface method (RSM) is employed to formulate functions for both SEA and Pm.

Grazing Incidence Cross-Sectioning of Thin-Film Solar Cells via Cryogenic Focused Ion Beam: A Case Study on CIGSe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sardashti, Kasra; Haight, Richard; Anderson, Ryan

2016-06-22

Cryogenic focused ion beam (Cryo-FIB) milling at near-grazing angles is employed to fabricate cross-sections on thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 with >8x expansion in thickness. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on sloped cross sections showed reduction in grain boundaries potential deeper into the film. Cryo Fib-KPFM enabled the first determination of the electronic structure of the Mo/CIGSe back contact, where a sub 100 nm thick MoSey assists hole extraction due to 45 meV higher work function. This demonstrates that CryoFIB-KPFM combination can reveal new targets of opportunity for improvement in thin-films photovoltaics such as high-work-function contacts to facilitate hole extraction through the backmore » interface of CIGS.« less

Influence of gating design on microstructure and fluidity of thin sections AA320.0 cast hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramadan, Mohamed

2018-05-01

Influence of gating design especially number of ingrates on microstructure and fluidity of thin sections of 2, 4, 6 mm AA320.0 cast hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloy was evaluated for sand casting molding technique. Increasing the number of ingates improves the microstructe to be fine and more globular. About 87 μm of α-Al grain size, 0.6 α-Al grain sphericity and 37 μm dendrite arm spacing DAS are achieved by using 4 ingates in gating system. Increasing the number of ingates up to 3 increases hardness, filling area and related fluditiy of all cast samples. The minimum thickness of 2.5 mm for each ingate should be considered in order to successfully production of high quality light weight thin sections castings in sand mold.

In situ hybridization at the electron microscope level: localization of transcripts on ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue using biotinylated probes and protein A-gold complexes

PubMed Central

1986-01-01

A technique has been developed for localizing hybrids formed in situ on semi-thin and ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue. Biotinylated dUTP (Bio-11-dUTP and/or Bio-16-dUTP) was incorporated into mitochondrial rDNA and small nuclear U1 probes by nick- translation. The probes were hybridized to sections of Drosophila ovaries and subsequently detected with an anti-biotin antibody and protein A-gold complex. On semi-thin sections, probe detection was achieved by amplification steps with anti-protein A antibody and protein A-gold with subsequent silver enhancement. At the electron microscope level, specific labeling was obtained over structures known to be the site of expression of the appropriate genes (i.e., either over mitochondria or over nuclei). The labeling pattern at the light microscope level (semi-thin sections) was consistent with that obtained at the electron microscope level. The described nonradioactive procedures for hybrid detection on Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue sections offer several advantages: rapid signal detection: superior morphological preservation and spatial resolution; and signal-to-noise ratios equivalent to radiolabeling. PMID:3084498

78 FR 67352 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

...-75-001. Applicants: Entergy Arkansas, Inc. Description: Metadata Correction--Sec. 1.01 Amendment to.... Description: Metadata Correction--Section 1.01 Amendment to be effective 12/31/9998. Filed Date: 10/25/13...: Entergy Louisiana, LLC. Description: Metadata Correction--Section 1.01 Amendment to be effective 12/31...

Magnetic, in situ, mineral characterization of Chelyabinsk meteorite thin section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nabelek, Ladislav; Mazanec, Martin; Kdyr, Simon; Kletetschka, Gunther

2015-06-01

Magnetic images of Chelyabinsk meteorite's (fragment F1 removed from Chebarkul lake) thin section have been unraveled by a magnetic scanning system from Youngwood Science and Engineering (YSE) capable of resolving magnetic anomalies down to 10-3 mT range from about 0.3 mm distance between the probe and meteorite surface (resolution about 0.15 mm). Anomalies were produced repeatedly, each time after application of magnetic field pulse of varying amplitude and constant, normal or reversed, direction. This process resulted in both magnetizing and demagnetizing of the meteorite thin section, while keeping the magnetization vector in the plane of the thin section. Analysis of the magnetic data allows determination of coercivity of remanence (Bcr) for the magnetic sources in situ. Value of Bcr is critical for calculating magnetic forces applicable during missions to asteroids where gravity is compromised. Bcr was estimated by two methods. First method measured varying dipole magnetic field strength produced by each anomaly in the direction of magnetic pulses. Second method measured deflections of the dipole direction from the direction of magnetic pulses. Bcr of magnetic sources in Chelyabinsk meteorite ranges between 4 and 7 mT. These magnetic sources enter their saturation states when applying 40 mT external magnetic field pulse.

Effect of dropped plies on the strength of graphite-epoxy laminates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curry, James M.; Johnson, Eric R.; Starnes, James H., Jr.

1987-01-01

The reduction in the compressive and tensile strengths of graphite-epoxy laminates with thickness discontinuities due to dropped plies was studied by experiment and analysis. The specimens were fabricated with all the dropped plies lumped together in the center of a sixteen-ply quasi-isotropic layup, such that one surface was flat and the slope of the opposite surface changed abruptly at the dropped ply location to accommodate the thickness change. Even though the thick and thin sections are symmetrically laminated, there exists bending-extension coupling due to the geometric eccentricity of the middle planes of the thick and thin sections. Experiments were conducted on fifty-four specimens that differed in the configuration of the dropped plies only. The strength of a laminate with dropped plies is less than the strength of its thin section, and the compressive strength of a laminate with dropped plies is less than its tensile strength. The reduction in strength is directly related to the axial stiffness change between the thick and thin sections. To examine the mechanism of failure, the three-dimensional state of stress in the dropped ply region was evaluated by the finite element method. A tensile interlaminar criterion predicted the correct location of failure, but underestimated the failure load.

Asymptotic methods for internal transonic flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adamson, T. C., Jr.; Messiter, A. F.

1989-01-01

For many internal transonic flows of practical interest, some of the relevant nondimensional parameters typically are small enough that a perturbation scheme can be expected to give a useful level of numerical accuracy. A variety of steady and unsteady transonic channel and cascade flows is studied with the help of systematic perturbation methods which take advantage of this fact. Asymptotic representations are constructed for small changes in channel cross-section area, small flow deflection angles, small differences between the flow velocity and the sound speed, small amplitudes of imposed oscillations, and small reduced frequencies. Inside a channel the flow is nearly one-dimensional except in thin regions immediately downstream of a shock wave, at the channel entrance and exit, and near the channel throat. A study of two-dimensional cascade flow is extended to include a description of three-dimensional compressor-rotor flow which leads to analytical results except in thin edge regions which require numerical solution. For unsteady flow the qualitative nature of the shock-wave motion in a channel depends strongly on the orders of magnitude of the frequency and amplitude of impressed wall oscillations or fluctuations in back pressure. One example of supersonic flow is considered, for a channel with length large compared to its width, including the effect of separation bubbles and the possibility of self-sustained oscillations. The effect of viscosity on a weak shock wave in a channel is discussed.

Mapping thalamocortical network pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy.

PubMed

Bernhardt, Boris C; Bernasconi, Neda; Kim, Hosung; Bernasconi, Andrea

2012-01-10

Although experimental work has provided evidence that the thalamus is a crucial relay structure in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the relation of the thalamus to neocortical pathology remains unclear. To assess thalamocortical network pathology in TLE, we mapped pointwise patterns of thalamic atrophy and statistically related them to neocortical thinning. We studied cross-sectionally 36 patients with drug-resistant TLE and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects using high-resolution MRI. To localize thalamic pathology, we converted manual labels into surface meshes using the spherical harmonic description and calculated local deformations relative to a template. In addition, we measured cortical thickness by means of the constrained Laplacian anatomic segmentation using proximity algorithm. Compared with control subjects, patients with TLE showed ipsilateral thalamic atrophy that was located along the medial surface, encompassing anterior, medial, and posterior divisions. Unbiased analysis correlating the degree of medial thalamic atrophy with cortical thickness measurements mapped bilateral frontocentral, lateral temporal, and mesiotemporal cortices. These areas overlapped with those of cortical thinning found when patients were compared with control subjects. Thalamic atrophy intensified with a longer duration of epilepsy and was more severe in patients with a history of febrile convulsions. The degree and distribution of thalamic pathology relates to the topography and extent of neocortical atrophy, lending support to the concept that the thalamus is an important hub in the pathologic network of TLE.

7 CFR 1737.70 - Description of feasibility study

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Description of feasibility study 1737.70 Section 1737... TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOANS Feasibility Determination Procedures § 1737.70 Description of feasibility study (a) In connection with each loan RUS shall prepare a feasibility study that includes sections on consolidated loan...

7 CFR 1737.70 - Description of feasibility study

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Description of feasibility study 1737.70 Section 1737... TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOANS Feasibility Determination Procedures § 1737.70 Description of feasibility study (a) In connection with each loan RUS shall prepare a feasibility study that includes sections on consolidated loan...

Manufacturing a thin wire electrostatic trap for ultracold polar molecules.

PubMed

Kleinert, J; Haimberger, C; Zabawa, P J; Bigelow, N P

2007-11-01

We present a detailed description on how to build a thin wire electrostatic trap (TWIST) for ultracold polar molecules. It is the first design of an electrostatic trap that can be superimposed directly onto a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We can thus continuously produce ultracold polar molecules via photoassociation from a two species MOT and instantaneously trap them in the TWIST without the need for complex transfer schemes. Despite the spatial overlap of the TWIST and the MOT, the two traps can be operated and optimized completely independently due to the complementary nature of the utilized trapping mechanisms.

Spatially homogeneous ferromagnetism below the enhanced Curie temperature in EuO(1-x) thin films.

PubMed

Monteiro, Pedro M S; Baker, Peter J; Ionescu, Adrian; Barnes, Crispin H W; Salman, Zaher; Suter, Andreas; Prokscha, Thomas; Langridge, Sean

2013-05-24

We have used low-energy implanted muons as a volume sensitive probe of the magnetic properties of EuO(1-x) thin films. We find that static and homogeneous magnetic order persists up to the elevated T(C) in the doped samples, and the muon signal displays the double dome feature also observed in the sample magnetization. Our results appear incompatible with either the magnetic phase separation or bound magnetic polaron descriptions previously suggested to explain the elevated T(C), but are compatible with an RKKY-like interaction mediating magnetic interactions above 69 K.

SWI or T2*: which MRI sequence to use in the detection of cerebral microbleeds? The Karolinska Imaging Dementia Study.

PubMed

Shams, S; Martola, J; Cavallin, L; Granberg, T; Shams, M; Aspelin, P; Wahlund, L O; Kristoffersen-Wiberg, M

2015-06-01

Cerebral microbleeds are thought to have potentially important clinical implications in dementia and stroke. However, the use of both T2* and SWI MR imaging sequences for microbleed detection has complicated the cross-comparison of study results. We aimed to determine the impact of microbleed sequences on microbleed detection and associated clinical parameters. Patients from our memory clinic (n = 246; 53% female; mean age, 62) prospectively underwent 3T MR imaging, with conventional thick-section T2*, thick-section SWI, and conventional thin-section SWI. Microbleeds were assessed separately on thick-section SWI, thin-section SWI, and T2* by 3 raters, with varying neuroradiologic experience. Clinical and radiologic parameters from the dementia investigation were analyzed in association with the number of microbleeds in negative binomial regression analyses. Prevalence and number of microbleeds were higher on thick-/thin-section SWI (20/21%) compared with T2*(17%). There was no difference in microbleed prevalence/number between thick- and thin-section SWI. Interrater agreement was excellent for all raters and sequences. Univariate comparisons of clinical parameters between patients with and without microbleeds yielded no difference across sequences. In the regression analysis, only minor differences in clinical associations with the number of microbleeds were noted across sequences. Due to the increased detection of microbleeds, we recommend SWI as the sequence of choice in microbleed detection. Microbleeds and their association with clinical parameters are robust to the effects of varying MR imaging sequences, suggesting that comparison of results across studies is possible, despite differing microbleed sequences. © 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.

A discrete geometric approach for simulating the dynamics of thin viscous threads

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Audoly, B., E-mail: audoly@lmm.jussieu.fr; Clauvelin, N.; Brun, P.-T.

We present a numerical model for the dynamics of thin viscous threads based on a discrete, Lagrangian formulation of the smooth equations. The model makes use of a condensed set of coordinates, called the centerline/spin representation: the kinematic constraints linking the centerline's tangent to the orientation of the material frame is used to eliminate two out of three degrees of freedom associated with rotations. Based on a description of twist inspired from discrete differential geometry and from variational principles, we build a full-fledged discrete viscous thread model, which includes in particular a discrete representation of the internal viscous stress. Consistencymore » of the discrete model with the classical, smooth equations for thin threads is established formally. Our numerical method is validated against reference solutions for steady coiling. The method makes it possible to simulate the unsteady behavior of thin viscous threads in a robust and efficient way, including the combined effects of inertia, stretching, bending, twisting, large rotations and surface tension.« less

Localized Scale Coupling and New Educational Paradigms in Multiscale Mathematics and Science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LEAL, L. GARY

2013-06-30

One of the most challenging multi-scale simulation problems in the area of multi-phase materials is to develop effective computational techniques for the prediction of coalescence and related phenomena involving rupture of a thin liquid film due to the onset of instability driven by van der Waals or other micro-scale attractive forces. Accurate modeling of this process is critical to prediction of the outcome of milling processes for immiscible polymer blends, one of the most important routes to new advanced polymeric materials. In typical situations, the blend evolves into an ?emulsion? of dispersed phase drops in a continuous matrix fluid. Coalescencemore » is then a critical factor in determining the size distribution of the dispersed phase, but is extremely difficult to predict from first principles. The thin film separating two drops may only achieve rupture at dimensions of approximately 10 nm while the drop sizes are 0(10 ?m). It is essential to achieve very accurate solutions for the flow and for the interface shape at both the macroscale of the full drops, and within the thin film (where the destabilizing disjoining pressure due to van der Waals forces is proportional approximately to the inverse third power of the local film thickness, h-3). Furthermore, the fluids of interest are polymeric (through Newtonian) and the classical continuum description begins to fail as the film thins ? requiring incorporation of molecular effects, such as a hybrid code that incorporates a version of coarse grain molecular dynamics within the thin film coupled with a classical continuum description elsewhere in the flow domain. Finally, the presence of surface active additions, either surfactants (in the form of di-block copolymers) or surface-functionalized micro- or nano-scale particles, adds an additional level of complexity, requiring development of a distinct numerical method to predict the nonuniform concentration gradients of these additives that are responsible for Marangoni stresses at the interface. Again, the physical dimensions of these additives may become comparable to the thin film dimensions, requiring an additional layer of multi-scale modeling.« less

Electrical contacts to thin layers of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, Shota; Taniguchi, Hiroki; Kawakami, Tsukasa; Cosset-Cheneau, Maxen; Arakawa, Tomonori; Miyasaka, Shigeki; Tajima, Setsuko; Niimi, Yasuhiro; Kobayashi, Kensuke

2018-05-01

Thin layers of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) were fabricated using the mechanical exfoliation technique. Good electrical contacts to the thin Bi2212 films with low contact resistance were realized by depositing Ag and Au electrodes onto the Bi2212 films and annealing them with an oxygen flow at 350 °C for 30 min. We observed cross-section images of the Bi2212 thin film device using a transmission electron microscope to characterize the diffusion of Ag and Au atoms into the Bi2212 thin film.

Development of lead zirconate titanate cantilevers on the micrometer length scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, Christopher Robert

The objective of this research project was to fabricate a functional ferroelectric microcantilever from patterned lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films. Cantilevers fabricated from ferroelectric materials have tremendous potential in sensing applications, particularly due to the increased sensitivity that miniaturized devices offer. This thesis highlights and explores a number of the processing issues that hindered the production of a working prototype. PZT is patterned using soft lithography-inspired techniques from a PZT chemical precursor solution derived by the chelation synthesis route. As the ability to pattern ceramic materials derived from sol-gels on the micrometer scale is a relatively new technology, this thesis aims to expand the scientific understanding of new issues that arise when working with these patterned films. For example, the use of Micromolding in Capillaries (MIMIC) to pattern the PZT thin films results in the evolution of topographical distortions from the shape of the original mold during the shrinkage of patterned thin film during drying and sintering. The factors that contribute to this effect have been explained and a new processing technique called MicroChannel Molding (muCM) was developed. This new process combines the advantages of soft lithography with traditional silicon microfabrication techniques to ensure compatibility with current industrial practices. This work lays the foundation for the future production of working ferroelectric microcantilevers. The proposed microfabrication process is described along with descriptions of each processing difficulty that was encountered. Modifications to the process are proposed along with the descriptions of alternative processing techniques that were attempted for the benefit of future researchers. This dissertation concludes with the electronic characterization of micropattemed PZT thin films. To our knowledge, the ferroelectric properties of patterned PZT thin films have never been directly characterized before. The properties are measured with a commercial ferroelectric test system connected through a conductive Atomic Force Microscope tip. The films patterned by MIMIC and muCM are compared to large-area spin cast films to identify the role that the processing method has on the resulting properties.

Computer program for thin-wire structures in a homogeneous conducting medium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richmond, J. H.

1974-01-01

A computer program is presented for thin-wire antennas and scatters in a homogeneous conducting medium. The anaylsis is performed in the real or complex frequency domain. The program handles insulated and bare wires with finite conductivity and lumped loads. The output data includes the current distribution, impedance, radiation efficiency, gain, absorption cross section, scattering cross section, echo area and the polarization scattering matrix. The program uses sinusoidal bases and Galerkin's method.

Behaviour of thin-walled cold-formed steel members in eccentric compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ungureanu, Viorel; Kotełko, Maria; Borkowski, Łukasz; Grudziecki, Jan

2018-01-01

Thin-walled cold-formed steel structures are usually made of members of class 4 cross-sections. Since these sections are prematurely prone to local or distortional buckling and due to the fact they do not have a real post-elastic capacity, the failure at ultimate stage of those members, either in compression or bending, always occurs by forming a local plastic mechanism. The present paper investigates the evolution of the plastic mechanisms and the possibility to use them to characterise the ultimate strength of short thin-walled cold-formed steel members subjected to eccentric compression about minor axis, particularly for members with lipped channel cross-section. Five different types of plastic mechanisms for members in compression with different eccentricities are identified and examined on the basis of FE numerical simulations. Preliminary results of experimental validation of numerical results are presented. The research is based on previous studies and some new investigations of the authors.

Applications of Blue Light-curing Acrylic Resin to Forensic Sample Preparation and Microtomy.

PubMed

Groves, Ethan; Palenik, Christopher S

2016-03-01

This study discusses the results of an evaluation of a one-part blue light-curing acrylic resin for embedding trace evidence prior to the preparation of thin sections with a microtome. Through a comparison to several epoxy resins, the physical properties relevant to both trace evidence examination and analytical microscopy in general, including as viscosity, clarity, color, hardness, and cure speed, were explored. Finally, thin sections from paint samples embedded in this acrylic resin were evaluated to determine if, through smearing or impregnation, the resin contributed to the infrared spectra. The results of this study show that blue light-curing acrylic resins provide the desired properties of an embedding medium, generate high-quality thin sections, and can significantly simplify the preparation of paint chips, fibers and a multitude of other types of microscopic samples in the forensic trace evidence laboratory. © 2015 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Automated thin-film analyses of anhydrous interplanetary dust particles in the analytical electron microscope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, J. P.; Germani, M. S.; Brownlee, D. E.

1989-01-01

An AEM apparatus equipped with digital beam control has obtained quantitative point-count analyses of thin sections taken from eight anhydrous chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs); between 200 and 500 X-ray analyses were collected from each thin section and analyzed for Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. Two types of anhydrous chondritic aggregates were observed in the eight IDPs: one highly porous, the other less so. The eight anhydrous IDPs are characterizable as mixtures of fine- and coarse-grained aggregates, large mineral grains, glass, and carbonaceous materials. Their elemental concentrations follow those of solar abundances, suggesting that they are unperturbed by aqueous alteration.

10 CFR 1.51 - Description and custody of NRC seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Description and custody of NRC seal. 1.51 Section 1.51 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION NRC Seal and Flag § 1.51 Description and custody of NRC seal. (a) Pursuant to section 201(a) of the Energy...

10 CFR 1.51 - Description and custody of NRC seal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Description and custody of NRC seal. 1.51 Section 1.51 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION NRC Seal and Flag § 1.51 Description and custody of NRC seal. (a) Pursuant to section 201(a) of the Energy...

7 CFR 201.56-3 - Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-like and...) Root system: A long primary root. (b) Abnormal seedling description. (1) Cotyledons: (i) Decayed at... thickened. (iii) Watery. (4) Root: (i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will not...

7 CFR 201.56-3 - Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-like and...) Root system: A long primary root. (b) Abnormal seedling description. (1) Cotyledons: (i) Decayed at... thickened. (iii) Watery. (4) Root: (i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will not...

Cross-sectional TEM specimen preparation for W/B{sub 4}C multilayer sample using FIB

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mondal, Puspen, E-mail: puspen@rrcat.gov.in; Pradhan, P. C.; Tiwari, Pragya

2016-05-23

A recent emergence of a cross-beam scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/focused-ion-beam (FIB) system have given choice to fabricate cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimen of thin film multilayer sample. A 300 layer pair thin film multilayer sample of W/B{sub 4}C was used to demonstrate the specimen lift-out technique in very short time as compared to conventional cross-sectional sample preparation technique. To get large area electron transparent sample, sample prepared by FIB is followed by Ar{sup +} ion polishing at 2 kV with grazing incident. The prepared cross-sectional sample was characterized by transmission electron microscope.

Extraction efficiency and implications for absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, liver and kidney thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling-HPLC ESI-MS/MS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kertesz, Vilmos; Weiskittel, Taylor M.; Vavek, Marissa

Currently, absolute quantitation aspects of droplet-based surface sampling for thin tissue analysis using a fully automated autosampler/HPLC-ESI-MS/MS system are not fully evaluated. Knowledge of extraction efficiency and its reproducibility is required to judge the potential of the method for absolute quantitation of analytes from thin tissue sections. Methods: Adjacent thin tissue sections of propranolol dosed mouse brain (10- μm-thick), kidney (10- μm-thick) and liver (8-, 10-, 16- and 24- μm-thick) were obtained. Absolute concentration of propranolol was determined in tissue punches from serial sections using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols and subsequent HPLC separations and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Thesemore » values were used to determine propranolol extraction efficiency from the tissues with the droplet-based surface sampling approach. Results: Extraction efficiency of propranolol using 10- μm-thick brain, kidney and liver thin tissues using droplet-based surface sampling varied between ~45-63%. Extraction efficiency decreased from ~65% to ~36% with liver thickness increasing from 8 μm to 24 μm. Randomly selecting half of the samples as standards, precision and accuracy of propranolol concentrations obtained for the other half of samples as quality control metrics were determined. Resulting precision ( ±15%) and accuracy ( ±3%) values, respectively, were within acceptable limits. In conclusion, comparative quantitation of adjacent mouse thin tissue sections of different organs and of various thicknesses by droplet-based surface sampling and by bulk extraction of tissue punches showed that extraction efficiency was incomplete using the former method, and that it depended on the organ and tissue thickness. However, once extraction efficiency was determined and applied, the droplet-based approach provided the required quantitation accuracy and precision for assay validations. Furthermore, this means that once the extraction efficiency was calibrated for a given tissue type and drug, the droplet-based approach provides a non-labor intensive and high-throughput means to acquire spatially resolved quantitative analysis of multiple samples of the same type.« less

Extraction efficiency and implications for absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, liver and kidney thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling-HPLC ESI-MS/MS

DOE PAGES

Kertesz, Vilmos; Weiskittel, Taylor M.; Vavek, Marissa; ...

2016-06-22

Currently, absolute quantitation aspects of droplet-based surface sampling for thin tissue analysis using a fully automated autosampler/HPLC-ESI-MS/MS system are not fully evaluated. Knowledge of extraction efficiency and its reproducibility is required to judge the potential of the method for absolute quantitation of analytes from thin tissue sections. Methods: Adjacent thin tissue sections of propranolol dosed mouse brain (10- μm-thick), kidney (10- μm-thick) and liver (8-, 10-, 16- and 24- μm-thick) were obtained. Absolute concentration of propranolol was determined in tissue punches from serial sections using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols and subsequent HPLC separations and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Thesemore » values were used to determine propranolol extraction efficiency from the tissues with the droplet-based surface sampling approach. Results: Extraction efficiency of propranolol using 10- μm-thick brain, kidney and liver thin tissues using droplet-based surface sampling varied between ~45-63%. Extraction efficiency decreased from ~65% to ~36% with liver thickness increasing from 8 μm to 24 μm. Randomly selecting half of the samples as standards, precision and accuracy of propranolol concentrations obtained for the other half of samples as quality control metrics were determined. Resulting precision ( ±15%) and accuracy ( ±3%) values, respectively, were within acceptable limits. In conclusion, comparative quantitation of adjacent mouse thin tissue sections of different organs and of various thicknesses by droplet-based surface sampling and by bulk extraction of tissue punches showed that extraction efficiency was incomplete using the former method, and that it depended on the organ and tissue thickness. However, once extraction efficiency was determined and applied, the droplet-based approach provided the required quantitation accuracy and precision for assay validations. Furthermore, this means that once the extraction efficiency was calibrated for a given tissue type and drug, the droplet-based approach provides a non-labor intensive and high-throughput means to acquire spatially resolved quantitative analysis of multiple samples of the same type.« less

Better Finite-Element Analysis of Composite Shell Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clarke, Gregory

2007-01-01

A computer program implements a finite-element-based method of predicting the deformations of thin aerospace structures made of isotropic materials or anisotropic fiber-reinforced composite materials. The technique and corresponding software are applicable to thin shell structures in general and are particularly useful for analysis of thin beamlike members having open cross-sections (e.g. I-beams and C-channels) in which significant warping can occur.

User's manual for three dimensional FDTD version B code for scattering from frequency-dependent dielectric materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1992-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Code Version B is a three dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering code based upon the Finite Difference Time Domain Technique (FDTD). The supplied version of the code is one version of our current three dimensional FDTD code set. This manual provides a description of the code and corresponding results for several scattering problems. The manual is organized into 14 sections: introduction, description of the FDTD method, operation, resource requirements, Version B code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include file, a discussion of radar cross section computations, a discussion of some scattering results, a sample problem setup section, a new problem checklist, references and figure titles.

Data catalog of satellite experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

This catalog is divided into three sections: data description contains descriptions of data available at or through NSSDC as well as descriptions of the experiments and spacecraft from which the data originated; and supporting data contains brief descriptions of space environment models and programs distributed by NSSDC. Section 3 is a series of indexes that contain: (1) a listing of all spacecraft, experiment, and data descriptions presented in Section 1 plus tables indicating the period for which each spacecraft was operational; (2) an index of all spacecraft described here, identified by common names and alternate names; (3) a listing of the original experiment institutions for all experiments described; (4) a listing of the investigators associated with the experiments and their current affiliations; and (5) an index of all experiments sorted by phenomenon measured.

Static and free-vibrational response of semi-circular graphite-epoxy frames with thin-walled open sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collins, J. Scott; Johnson, Eric R.

1989-01-01

Experiments were conducted to measure the three-dimensional static and free vibrational response of two graphite-epoxy, thin-walled, open section frames. The frames are semi-circular with a radius of three feet, and one specimen has an I cross section and the other has a channel cross section. The flexibility influence coefficients were measured in static tests for loads applied at midspan with the ends of the specimens clamped. Natural frequencies and modes were determined from vibrational tests for free and clamped end conditions. The experimental data is used to evaluate a new finite element which was developed specifically for the analysis of curved, thin-walled structures. The formulation of the element is based on a Vlasov-type, thin-walled, curved beam theory. The predictions from the finite element program generally correlated well with the experimental data for the symmetric I-specimen. Discrepancies in some of the data were found to be due to flexibility in the clamped end conditions. With respect to the data for the channel specimen, the correlation was less satisfactory. The finite element analysis predicted the out-of-plane response of the channel specimen reasonably well, but large discrepancies occurred between the predicted in-plane response and the experimental data. The analysis predicted a much more compliant in-plane response than was observed in the experiments.

A stochastic model of solid state thin film deposition: Application to chalcopyrite growth

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lovelett, Robert J.; Pang, Xueqi; Roberts, Tyler M.

Developing high fidelity quantitative models of solid state reaction systems can be challenging, especially in deposition systems where, in addition to the multiple competing processes occurring simultaneously, the solid interacts with its atmosphere. In this work, we develop a model for the growth of a thin solid film where species from the atmosphere adsorb, diffuse, and react with the film. The model is mesoscale and describes an entire film with thickness on the order of microns. Because it is stochastic, the model allows us to examine inhomogeneities and agglomerations that would be impossible to characterize with deterministic methods. We demonstratemore » the modeling approach with the example of chalcopyrite Cu(InGa)(SeS){sub 2} thin film growth via precursor reaction, which is a common industrial method for fabricating thin film photovoltaic modules. The model is used to understand how and why through-film variation in the composition of Cu(InGa)(SeS){sub 2} thin films arises and persists. We believe that the model will be valuable as an effective quantitative description of many other materials systems used in semiconductors, energy storage, and other fast-growing industries.« less

A stochastic model of solid state thin film deposition: Application to chalcopyrite growth

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lovelett, Robert J.; Pang, Xueqi; Roberts, Tyler M.

Developing high fidelity quantitative models of solid state reaction systems can be challenging, especially in deposition systems where, in addition to the multiple competing processes occurring simultaneously, the solid interacts with its atmosphere. Here, we develop a model for the growth of a thin solid film where species from the atmosphere adsorb, diffuse, and react with the film. The model is mesoscale and describes an entire film with thickness on the order of microns. Because it is stochastic, the model allows us to examine inhomogeneities and agglomerations that would be impossible to characterize with deterministic methods. We also demonstrate themore » modeling approach with the example of chalcopyrite Cu(InGa)(SeS) 2 thin film growth via precursor reaction, which is a common industrial method for fabricating thin film photovoltaic modules. The model is used to understand how and why through-film variation in the composition of Cu(InGa)(SeS) 2 thin films arises and persists. Finally, we believe that the model will be valuable as an effective quantitative description of many other materials systems used in semiconductors, energy storage, and other fast-growing industries.« less

A stochastic model of solid state thin film deposition: Application to chalcopyrite growth

DOE PAGES

Lovelett, Robert J.; Pang, Xueqi; Roberts, Tyler M.; ...

2016-04-01

Developing high fidelity quantitative models of solid state reaction systems can be challenging, especially in deposition systems where, in addition to the multiple competing processes occurring simultaneously, the solid interacts with its atmosphere. Here, we develop a model for the growth of a thin solid film where species from the atmosphere adsorb, diffuse, and react with the film. The model is mesoscale and describes an entire film with thickness on the order of microns. Because it is stochastic, the model allows us to examine inhomogeneities and agglomerations that would be impossible to characterize with deterministic methods. We also demonstrate themore » modeling approach with the example of chalcopyrite Cu(InGa)(SeS) 2 thin film growth via precursor reaction, which is a common industrial method for fabricating thin film photovoltaic modules. The model is used to understand how and why through-film variation in the composition of Cu(InGa)(SeS) 2 thin films arises and persists. Finally, we believe that the model will be valuable as an effective quantitative description of many other materials systems used in semiconductors, energy storage, and other fast-growing industries.« less

Flexural-torsional vibration of a tapered C-section beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dennis, Scott T.; Jones, Keith W.

2017-04-01

Previous studies have shown that numerical models of tapered thin-walled C-section beams based on a stepped or piecewise prismatic beam approximation are inaccurate regardless of the number of elements assumed in the discretization. Andrade recently addressed this problem by extending Vlasov beam theory to a tapered geometry resulting in new terms that vanish for the uniform beam. (See One-Dimensional Models for the Spatial Behaviour of Tapered Thin-Walled Bars with Open Cross-Sections: Static, Dynamic and Buckling Analyses, PhD Thesis, University of Coimbra, Portugal, 2012, https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt) In this paper, we model the coupled bending-twisting vibration of a cantilevered tapered thin-walled C-section using a Galerkin approximation of Andrade's beam equations resulting in an 8-degree-of-freedom beam element. Experimental natural frequencies and mode shapes for 3 prismatic and 2 tapered channel beams are compared to model predictions. In addition, comparisons are made to detailed shell finite element models and exact solutions for the uniform beams to confirm the validity of the approach. Comparisons to the incorrect stepped model are also presented.

Multi-photon vertical cross-sectional imaging with a dynamically-balanced thin-film PZT z-axis microactuator.

PubMed

Choi, Jongsoo; Duan, Xiyu; Li, Haijun; Wang, Thomas D; Oldham, Kenn R

2017-10-01

Use of a thin-film piezoelectric microactuator for axial scanning during multi-photon vertical cross-sectional imaging is described. The actuator uses thin-film lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) to generate upward displacement of a central mirror platform, micro-machined from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer to dimensions compatible with endoscopic imaging instruments. Device modeling in this paper focuses on existence of frequencies near device resonance producing vertical motion with minimal off-axis tilt even in the presence of multiple vibration modes and non-uniformity in fabrication outcomes. Operation near rear resonance permits large stroke lengths at low voltages relative to other vertical microactuators. Highly uniform vertical motion of the mirror platform is a key requirement for vertical cross-sectional imaging in the remote scan architecture being used for multi-photon instrument prototyping. The stage is installed in a benchtop testbed in combination with an electrostatic mirror that performs in-plane scanning. Vertical sectional images are acquired from 15 μm diameter beads and excised mouse colon tissue.

Thin bonded P.C.C. resurfacing : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-06-01

After the successful experimentation in Iowa with thin-bonded concrete overlays as an alternative to bituminous overlay, the Louisiana DOTD decided to resurface a short section of US 61, north of Baton Rouge, using this technique during April 1981. T...

User's manual for two dimensional FDTD version TEA and TMA codes for scattering from frequency-independent dielectic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1991-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code Versions TEA and TMA are two dimensional numerical electromagnetic scattering codes based upon the Finite Difference Time Domain Technique (FDTD) first proposed by Yee in 1966. The supplied version of the codes are two versions of our current two dimensional FDTD code set. This manual provides a description of the codes and corresponding results for the default scattering problem. The manual is organized into eleven sections: introduction, Version TEA and TMA code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include files (TEACOM.FOR TMACOM.FOR), a section briefly discussing scattering width computations, a section discussing the scattering results, a sample problem set section, a new problem checklist, references and figure titles.

User's manual for two dimensional FDTD version TEA and TMA codes for scattering from frequency-independent dielectric materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beggs, John H.; Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1991-01-01

The Penn State Finite Difference Time Domain Electromagnetic Scattering Code Versions TEA and TMA are two dimensional electromagnetic scattering codes based on the Finite Difference Time Domain Technique (FDTD) first proposed by Yee in 1966. The supplied version of the codes are two versions of our current FDTD code set. This manual provides a description of the codes and corresponding results for the default scattering problem. The manual is organized into eleven sections: introduction, Version TEA and TMA code capabilities, a brief description of the default scattering geometry, a brief description of each subroutine, a description of the include files (TEACOM.FOR TMACOM.FOR), a section briefly discussing scattering width computations, a section discussing the scattering results, a sample problem setup section, a new problem checklist, references, and figure titles.

Nanoscale size effects on the mechanical properties of platinum thin films and cross-sectional grain morphology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbas, K.; Alaie, S.; Ghasemi Baboly, M.; Elahi, M. M. M.; Anjum, D. H.; Chaieb, S.; Leseman, Z. C.

2016-01-01

The mechanical behavior of polycrystalline Pt thin films is reported for thicknesses of 75 nm, 100 nm, 250 nm, and 400 nm. These thicknesses correspond to transitions between nanocrystalline grain morphology types as found in TEM studies. Thinner samples display a brittle behavior, but as thickness increases the grain morphology evolves, leading to a ductile behavior. During evolution of the morphology, dramatic differences in elastic moduli (105-160 GPa) and strengths (560-1700 MPa) are recorded and explained by the variable morphology. This work suggests that in addition to the in-plane grain size of thin films, the transitions in cross-sectional morphologies of the Pt films significantly affect their mechanical behavior.

Quality response of even-aged 80-year-old white oak trees after thinning

Treesearch

David L. Sonderman

1984-01-01

Stem defects were studied over an 18-year period to determine the effect of thinning intensity on quality development of 80-year-old white oak trees. Seventy-nine white oak trees from a thinning study in Kentucky were analyzed from stereo photographs taken in 1960 and 1978. Stem-related defects were measured on the butt 8-foot and second 8-foot sections of each tree....

Normal Modes of Vibration of the PHALANX Gun

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

Clamps Bricks, Thin Shells, Rigid Elements Mid-Barrel Clamps Bricks, Rigid Elements Barrels Beams with tubular cross-section Stub Rotor Bricks, Thin...Shells Rotor Bricks Needle Bearing Bricks, Springs Casing Thin Shells Thrust Bearing Bricks, Springs Recoil Adapters Bricks, Rigid Elements, Springs... rigid elements were used to connect the barrels to the clamps and stub rotor and the recoil adapter springs to 48 the gun body. "End release codes

Effect of thinning on growth and potential quality of young white oak crop trees

Treesearch

Martin E. Dale; David L. Sonderman

1984-01-01

Relative change in several types of stem defects were studied over a 16-year period to determine the effect of thinning intensity on the development of tree quality. We studied quality changes on sample white oak crop trees that were selected from five density levels created in a 1961 thinning. Branch-related and other stem defects on the butt 16-foot section were...

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Amphid Sensilla in the Microbial Feeding Nematode, Acrobeles complexus (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

PubMed Central

Bumbarger, Daniel J.; Wijeratne, Sitara; Carter, Cale; Crum, John; Ellisman, Mark H.; Baldwin, James G.

2009-01-01

Amphid sensilla are the primary olfactory, chemoreceptive, and thermoreceptive organs in nematodes. Their function is well described for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is not clear to what extent we can generalize these findings to distantly related nematodes of medical, economic, and agricultural importance. Current detailed descriptions of anatomy and sensory function are limited to nematodes that recent molecular phylogenies would place in the same taxonomic family, the Rhabditidae. Using serial thin-section transmission electron microscopy, we reconstructed the anatomy of the amphid sensilla in the more distantly related nematode, Acrobeles complexus (Cephalobidae). Amphid structure is broadly conserved in number and arrangement of cells. Details of cell anatomy differ, particularly for the sensory neurite termini. We identify an additional sensory neuron not found in the amphid of C. elegans and propose homology with the C. elegans interneuron AUA. Hypotheses of homology for the remaining sensory neurons are also proposed based on comparisons between C. elegans, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Haemonchus contortus. PMID:19003904

National Uranium Resource Evaluation, Tularosa Quadrangle, New Mexico

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berry, V.P.; Nagy, P.A.; Spreng, W.C.

1981-12-01

Uranium favorability of the Tularosa Quadrangle, New Mexico, was evaluated to a depth of 1500 m using National Uranium Resource Evaluation criteria. Uranium occurrences reported in the literature were located, sampled, and described in detail. Areas of anomalous radioactivity, interpreted from an aerial radiometric survey, and geochemical anomalies, interpreted from hydrogeochemical and stream-sediment reconnaissance, were also investigated. Additionally, several hundred rock samples were studied in thin section, and supplemental geochemical analyses of rock and water samples were completed. Fluorometric analyses were completed for samples from the Black Range Primitive Area to augment previously available geochemical data. Subsurface favorability was evaluatedmore » using gamma-ray logs and descriptive logs of sample cuttings. One area of uranium favorability was delineated, based on the data made available from this study. This area is the Nogal Canyon cauldron margin zone. Within the zone, characterized by concentric and radial fractures, resurgent doming, ring-dike volcanism, and intracauldron sedimentation, uranium conentration is confined to magmatic-hydrothermal and volcanogenic uranium deposits.« less

Surface Diagnostics in Tribology Technology and Advanced Coatings Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa

1999-01-01

This paper discusses the methodologies used for surface property measurement of thin films and coatings, lubricants, and materials in the field of tribology. Surface diagnostic techniques include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, stylus profilometry, x-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil spectroscopy, and tribology examination. Each diagnostic technique provides specific measurement results in its own unique way. In due course it should be possible to coordinate the different pieces of information provided by these diagnostic techniques into a coherent self-consistent description of the surface properties. Examples are given on the nature and character of thin diamond films.

Wheel Abrasion Experiment Metals Selection for Mars Pathfinder Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hepp, Aloysius F.; Fatemi, Navid S.; Wilt, David M.; Ferguson, Dale C.; Hoffman, Richard; Hill, Maria M.; Kaloyeros, Alain E.

1996-01-01

A series of metals was examined for suitability for the Wheel Abrasion Experiment, one of ten microrover experiments of the Mars Pathfinder Mission. The seven candidate metals were: Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Ni, Pt, and W. Thin films of candidate metals from 0.1 to 1.0 micrometer thick were deposited on black anodized aluminum coupons by e-beam and resistive evaporation and chemical vapor deposition. Optical, corrosion, abrasion, and adhesion criteria were used to select Al, Ni, and Pt. A description is given of the deposition and testing of thin films, followed by a presentation of experimental data and a brief discussion of follow-on testing and flight qualification.

Measurement of fragmentation cross sections of 12C ions on a thin gold target with the FIRST apparatus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toppi, M.; Abou-Haidar, Z.; Agodi, C.; Alvarez, M. A. G.; Aumann, T.; Balestra, F.; Battistoni, G.; Bocci, A.; Böhlen, T. T.; Boudard, A.; Brunetti, A.; Carpinelli, M.; Cirio, R.; Cirrone, G. A. P.; Cortes-Giraldo, M. A.; Cuttone, G.; de Napoli, M.; Durante, M.; Fernández-García, J. P.; Finck, Ch.; Golosio, B.; Iarocci, E.; Iazzi, F.; Ickert, G.; Introzzi, R.; Juliani, D.; Krimmer, J.; Kummali, A. H.; Kurz, N.; Labalme, M.; Leifels, Y.; Le Fèvre, A.; Leray, S.; Marchetto, F.; Monaco, V.; Morone, M. C.; Nicolosi, D.; Oliva, P.; Paoloni, A.; Piersanti, L.; Pleskac, R.; Randazzo, N.; Rescigno, R.; Romano, F.; Rossi, D.; Rosso, V.; Rousseau, M.; Sacchi, R.; Sala, P.; Salvador, S.; Sarti, A.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schuy, C.; Sciubba, A.; Sfienti, C.; Simon, H.; Sipala, V.; Spiriti, E.; Tropea, S.; Vanstalle, M.; Younis, H.; Patera, V.; FIRST Collaboration

2016-06-01

A detailed knowledge of the light ions interaction processes with matter is of great interest in basic and applied physics. As an example, particle therapy and space radioprotection require highly accurate fragmentation cross-section measurements to develop shielding materials and estimate acute and late health risks for manned missions in space and for treatment planning in particle therapy. The Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy experiment at the Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion research (GSI) was designed and built by an international collaboration from France, Germany, Italy, and Spain for studying the collisions of a 12C ion beam with thin targets. The collaboration's main purpose is to provide the double-differential cross-section measurement of carbon-ion fragmentation at energies that are relevant for both tumor therapy and space radiation protection applications. Fragmentation cross sections of light ions impinging on a wide range of thin targets are also essential to validate the nuclear models implemented in MC simulations that, in such an energy range, fail to reproduce the data with the required accuracy. This paper presents the single differential carbon-ion fragmentation cross sections on a thin gold target, measured as a function of the fragment angle and kinetic energy in the forward angular region (θ ≲6° ), aiming to provide useful data for the benchmarking of the simulation softwares used in light ions fragmentation applications. The 12C ions used in the measurement were accelerated at the energy of 400 MeV/nucleon by the SIS (heavy ion synchrotron) GSI facility.

Thin bonded P.C.C. resurfacing : interim report No. 1.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-06-01

After the successful experimentation in Iowa with thin-bonded concrete overlays as an alternative to bituminous overlay, the Louisiana DOTD decided to resurface a short section of US 61, north of Baton Rouge, using this technique during April 1981. T...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Buck, E.C.; Dietz, N.L.; Bates, J.K.

Uranium contaminated soils from the Fernald Operation Site, Ohio, have been examined by a combination of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron detection (SEM/BSE), and analytical electron microscopy (AEM). A method is described for preparing of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thin sections by ultramicrotomy. By using these thin sections, SEM and TEM images can be compared directly. Uranium was found in iron oxides, silicates (soddyite), phosphates (autunites), and fluorite. Little uranium was associated with clays. The distribution of uranium phases was found to be inhomogeneous at the microscopic level.

Analysis of asymmetric property with DC bias current on thin-film magnetoimpedance element

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kikuchi, Hiroaki; Sumida, Chihiro

2018-05-01

We theoretically analyzed the magnetoimpedance profile of a thin-film element with a DC bias current using the bias susceptibility theory and Maxwell's equations. Although the analysis model predicts that an element with a rectangular cross section shows symmetric impedance property with respect to the Z-axis with DC bias current, the experimental results showed asymmetric properties. Taking the shape imbalance and trapezoidal cross section of the element into account, we explained the asymmetric impedance properties qualitatively.

Surgical extraction of intraocular Parelaphostrongylus tenuis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in a horse

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Case Description – A 4-year-old Hanoverian horse from Wisconsin presented for evaluation of a worm-like structure in the anterior chamber of the right eye. Clinical Findings – Ophthalmic examination of the right eye revealed a white, thin, mobile parasite, presumably a nematode, present in the ventr...

Encapsulation materials research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Willis, P.

1985-01-01

The successful use of outdoor mounting racks as an accelerated aging technique (these devices are called optal reactors); a beginning list of candidate pottant materials for thin-film encapsulation, which process at temperatures well below 100 C; and description of a preliminary flame retardant formulation for ethylene vinyl acetate which could function to increase module flammability ratings are presented.

77 FR 53839 - Shasta-Trinity National Forest; California; East McCloud Plantations Thinning Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

... actions include road maintenance and reconstruction of National Forest System, new road construction and addition of new roads and selected existing unauthorized routes to the Forest Transportation System to.... The project's legal description is: Portions of Township (T.) 39 North (N.), Range (R.) 1-3 East (E...

Sedimentology and High Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of the Middle Jurassic Dhruma Formation Carbonates Outcrops in the Central Saudi Arabia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yousif, Ibrahim; Abdullatif, Osman; Makkawi, Mohammed; Abdulghani, Waleed

2017-04-01

This study investigates the microfacies and sequence stratigraphic frame work of the Middle Jurassic Dhruma Formation in outcrops in central Saudi Arabia. The study contributes to the efforts to understand and enhance local and regional stratigraphic relationship and correlation of the Jurassic carbonate sequences and their significance to reservoir description and prediction in the subsurcae. The study describes and characterizes the sedimentology, microfacies and the stratigraphy of Dhruma Formation from outcrop sections having a total thickness of 70 m. Detailed microfacies and high-resolution stratigraphical analysis were carried out to determine microfacies, cyclicity, sequences and staking pattern. The study revealed ten lithofacies namely: oolitic grainstone,bioclastic oolitic grainstone, oolitic grapestone, bioclastic grainstone,foraminiferal packstone, echinoderm packstone, peloidal packstone to grainstone,skeletal wackestone to packstone, mudstone, and marlstone.These lithofacies were grouped into five lithofacies associations that deposited on a carbonate ramp setting. The depositional environment ranging from low energy lagoonal setting to high-energy shoals and banks to low energy outer ramp setting. Five high-resolution composite sequences have been defined and each sequence is composed at the bottom of intercalated mudstone/wackestone that passing up into grainstone lithofacies.The composite sequences range in thickness from 7 to 15 m, while the parasequences range from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The composite sequences extend laterally for a distance of more than 350 m. The overall composite section shows a shallowing upward succession of the 4th to the 5th order high-resolution sequences.The dominant lithofacies are the grainy ones, which constitute 30%, 50% and 80% of the studied sections. Furthermore, the parasequences thickness and their bio-components are increasing towards the top. The muddy lithofacies intensively affected the vertical continuity of the lower reservoir interval compared to the upper interval. Detailed examination of thin-sections reflects a clear and well-developed reservoir interval in the uppermost part of the section, which is dominated by peloidal packstone and grainstone.The findings of this high-resolution outcrop analog might help to understand and predict lithofacies, stratigraphic heirachies and correlations of Dhruma Formation within the interwell spacing. Moreover, this study might also contribute to better reservoir description and assessment of its quality and architecture in subsurface equivalent reservoirs.

Current Programme 1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernard Van Leer Foundation, The Hague (Netherlands).

The first section of this program report is a general description of the Bernard van Leer Foundation and its work. The second and third sections are the Foundation's annual report and financial report for 1990. The fourth and largest section of the program report consists of descriptions of 107 projects in 41 countries that are financed and…

Multispectral Digital Image Analysis of Varved Sediments in Thin Sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jäger, K.; Rein, B.; Dietrich, S.

2006-12-01

An update of the recently developed method COMPONENTS (Rein, 2003, Rein & Jäger, subm.) for the discrimination of sediment components in thin sections is presented here. COMPONENTS uses a 6-band (multispectral) image analysis. To derive six-band spectral information of the sediments, thin sections are scanned with a digital camera mounted on a polarizing microscope. The thin sections are scanned twice, under polarized and under unpolarized plain light. During each run RGB images are acquired which are subsequently stacked to a six-band file. The first three bands (Blue=1, Green=2, Red=3) result from the spectral behaviour in the blue, green and red band with unpolarized light conditions, and the bands 4 to 6 (Blue=4, Green=5, Red=6) from the polarized light run. The next step is the discrimination of the sediment components by their transmission behaviour. Automatic classification algorithms broadly used in remote sensing applications cannot be used due to unavoidable variations of sediment particle or thin section thicknesses that change absolute grey values of the sediment components. Thus, we use an approach based on band ratios, also known as indices. By using band ratios, the grey values measured in different bands are normalized against each other and illumination variations (e.g. thickness variations) are eliminated. By combining specific ratios we are able to detect all seven major components in the investigated sediments (carbonates, diatoms, fine clastic material, plant rests, pyrite, quartz and resin). Then, the classification results (compositional maps) are validated. Although the automatic classification and the analogous classification show high concordances, some systematic errors could be identified. For example, the transition zone between the sediment and resin filled cracks is classified as fine clastic material and very coarse carbonates are partly classified as quartz because coarse carbonates can be very bright and spectra are partly saturated (grey value 255). With reduced illumination intensity "carbonate image pixels" get unsaturated and can be well distinguished from quartz grains. During the evaluation process we identify all falsely classified areas using neighbourhood matrices and reclassify them. Finally, we use filter techniques to derive downcore component frequencies from the classified thin section images for variable thick virtual samples. The filter conducts neighbourhood analyses. After filtering, each pixel of the filtered images carries the information about the frequency of any given component in a defined neighbourhood around (virtual sampling). References Rein, B. (2003) In-situ Reflektionsspektroskopie und digitale Bildanalyse Gewinnung hochauflösender Paläoumweltdaten mit fernerkundlichen Methoden, Habilitation Thesis, Univ. Mainz, 104 p. Jäger, K. and Rein, B. (2005): Identifying varve components using digital image analysis techniques. - in: Heidi Haas, Karl Ramseyer & Fritz Schlunegger (eds.): Sediment 2005 (18th-20th July 2005), Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften, 38, p. 81 Rein, B. and Jäger, K. (subm.) COMPONENTS - Sediment component detection in thin sections by multispectral digital image analysis. Sedimentology.

System for generating two-dimensional masks from a three-dimensional model using topological analysis

DOEpatents

Schiek, Richard [Albuquerque, NM

2006-06-20

A method of generating two-dimensional masks from a three-dimensional model comprises providing a three-dimensional model representing a micro-electro-mechanical structure for manufacture and a description of process mask requirements, reducing the three-dimensional model to a topological description of unique cross sections, and selecting candidate masks from the unique cross sections and the cross section topology. The method further can comprise reconciling the candidate masks based on the process mask requirements description to produce two-dimensional process masks.

Low pressure hand made PVD system for high crystalline metal thin film preparation in micro-nanometer scale

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosikhin, Ahmad, E-mail: a.rosikhin86@yahoo.co.id; Hidayat, Aulia Fikri; Marimpul, Rinaldo

High crystalline metal thin film preparation in application both for catalyst substrate or electrode in any electronic devices always to be considered in material functional material research and development. As a substrate catalyst, this metal take a role as guidance for material growth in order to resulted in proper surface structure although at the end it will be removed via etching process. Meanwhile as electrodes, it will dragging charges to be collected inside. This brief discussion will elaborate general fundamental principle of physical vapor deposition (PVD) system for metal thin film preparation in micro-nanometer scale. The influence of thermodynamic parametersmore » and metal characteristic such as melting point and particle size will be elucidated. Physical description of deposition process in the chamber can be simplified by schematic evaporation phenomena which is supported by experimental measurement such as SEM and XRD.« less

Skating on a Film of Air: Drops Impacting on a Surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolinski, John M.; Rubinstein, Shmuel M.; Mandre, Shreyas; Brenner, Michael P.; Weitz, David A.; Mahadevan, L.

2012-02-01

The commonly accepted description of drops impacting on a surface typically ignores the essential role of the air that is trapped between the impacting drop and the surface. Here we describe a new imaging modality that is sensitive to the behavior right at the surface. We show that a very thin film of air, only a few tens of nanometers thick, remains trapped between the falling drop and the surface as the drop spreads. The thin film of air serves to lubricate the drop enabling the fluid to skate on the air film laterally outward at surprisingly high velocities, consistent with theoretical predictions. Eventually this thin film of air breaks down as the fluid wets the surface via a spinodal-like mechanism. Our results show that the dynamics of impacting drops are much more complex than previously thought, with a rich array of unexpected phenomena that require rethinking classic paradigms.

Simulating Thin Sheets: Buckling, Wrinkling, Folding and Growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vetter, Roman; Stoop, Norbert; Wittel, Falk K.; Herrmann, Hans J.

2014-03-01

Numerical simulations of thin sheets undergoing large deformations are computationally challenging. Depending on the scenario, they may spontaneously buckle, wrinkle, fold, or crumple. Nature's thin tissues often experience significant anisotropic growth, which can act as the driving force for such instabilities. We use a recently developed finite element model to simulate the rich variety of nonlinear responses of Kirchhoff-Love sheets. The model uses subdivision surface shape functions in order to guarantee convergence of the method, and to allow a finite element description of anisotropically growing sheets in the classical Rayleigh-Ritz formalism. We illustrate the great potential in this approach by simulating the inflation of airbags, the buckling of a stretched cylinder, as well as the formation and scaling of wrinkles at free boundaries of growing sheets. Finally, we compare the folding of spatially confined sheets subject to growth and shrinking confinement to find that the two processes are equivalent.

Carbon abundances, major element chemistry, and mineralogy of hydrated interplanetary dust particles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keller, L. P.; Thomas, K. L.; Mckay, D. S.

1993-01-01

Hydrated interplanetary dust particles (IDP's) comprise a major fraction of the interplanetary dust particles collected in the stratosphere. While much is known about the mineralogy and chemistry of hydrated IDP's, little is known about the C abundance in this class of IDP's, the nature of the C-bearing phases, and how the C abundance is related to other physical properties of hydrated IDP's. Bulk compositional data (including C and O) for 11 hydrated IDP's that were subsequently examined by the transition electron microscopy (TEM) to determine their mineralogy and mineral chemistry are reported. Our analysis indicates that these hydrated IDP's are strongly enriched in C relative to the most C-rich meteorites. The average abundance of C in these hydrated IDP's is 4X CI chondrite values. The bulk compositions (including C and O) of 11 hydrated IDP's were determined by thin-window, energy-dispersive x ray (EDX) spectroscopy of the uncoated IDP's on Be substrates in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a check on our C measurements, one of the IDP's (L2006H5) was embedded in glassy S, and microtome thin sections were prepared and placed onto Be substrates. Thin-film EDX analyses of multiple thin sections of L2006H5 show good agreement with the bulk value determined in the SEM. Following EDX analysis, the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of each IDP was determined by analyzing ultramicrotome thin sections in a TEM equipped with an EDX spectrometer.

Linking descriptive geology and quantitative machine learning through an ontology of lithological concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klump, J. F.; Huber, R.; Robertson, J.; Cox, S. J. D.; Woodcock, R.

2014-12-01

Despite the recent explosion of quantitative geological data, geology remains a fundamentally qualitative science. Numerical data only constitute a certain part of data collection in the geosciences. In many cases, geological observations are compiled as text into reports and annotations on drill cores, thin sections or drawings of outcrops. The observations are classified into concepts such as lithology, stratigraphy, geological structure, etc. These descriptions are semantically rich and are generally supported by more quantitative observations using geochemical analyses, XRD, hyperspectral scanning, etc, but the goal is geological semantics. In practice it has been difficult to bring the different observations together due to differing perception or granularity of classification in human observation, or the partial observation of only some characteristics using quantitative sensors. In the past years many geological classification schemas have been transferred into ontologies and vocabularies, formalized using RDF and OWL, and published through SPARQL endpoints. Several lithological ontologies were compiled by stratigraphy.net and published through a SPARQL endpoint. This work is complemented by the development of a Python API to integrate this vocabulary into Python-based text mining applications. The applications for the lithological vocabulary and Python API are automated semantic tagging of geochemical data and descriptions of drill cores, machine learning of geochemical compositions that are diagnostic for lithological classifications, and text mining for lithological concepts in reports and geological literature. This combination of applications can be used to identify anomalies in databases, where composition and lithological classification do not match. It can also be used to identify lithological concepts in the literature and infer quantitative values. The resulting semantic tagging opens new possibilities for linking these diverse sources of data.

Impact of Beads and Drops on a Repellent Solid Surface: A Unified Description

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arora, S.; Fromental, J.-M.; Mora, S.; Phou, Ty; Ramos, L.; Ligoure, C.

2018-04-01

We investigate freely expanding sheets formed by ultrasoft gel beads, and liquid and viscoelastic drops, produced by the impact of the bead or drop on a silicon wafer covered with a thin layer of liquid nitrogen that suppresses viscous dissipation thanks to an inverse Leidenfrost effect. Our experiments show a unified behavior for the impact dynamics that holds for solids, liquids, and viscoelastic fluids and that we rationalize by properly taking into account elastocapillary effects. In this framework, the classical impact dynamics of solids and liquids, as far as viscous dissipation is negligible, appears as the asymptotic limits of a universal theoretical description. A novel material-dependent characteristic velocity that includes both capillary and bulk elasticity emerges from this unified description of the physics of impact.

FDTD modeling of thin impedance sheets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luebbers, Raymond J.; Kunz, Karl S.

1991-01-01

Thin sheets of resistive or dielectric material are commonly encountered in radar cross section calculations. Analysis of such sheets is simplified by using sheet impedances. In this paper it is shown that sheet impedances can be modeled easily and accurately using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) methods.

One-dimensional analysis of thin-walled beams with diaphragms and its application to optimization for stiffness reinforcement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jung, Joon Hee; Jang, Gang-Won; Shin, Dongil; Kim, Yoon Young

2018-03-01

This paper presents a method to analyze thin-walled beams with quadrilateral cross sections reinforced with diaphragms using a one-dimensional higher-order beam theory. The effect of a diaphragm is reflected focusing on the increase of static stiffness. The deformations on the beam-interfacing boundary of a thin diaphragm are described by using deformation modes of the beam cross section while the deformations inside the diaphragm are approximated in the form of complete cubic polynomials. By using the principle of minimum potential energy, its stiffness that significantly affects distortional deformation of a thin-walled beam can be considered in the one-dimensional beam analysis. It is shown that the accuracy of the resulting one-dimensional analysis is comparable with that by a shell element based analysis. As a means to demonstrate the usefulness of the present approach for design, position optimization problems of diaphragms for stiffness reinforcement of an automotive side frame are solved.

Systematic approach to study of thinly and thickly sectioned melanoma tissues with scanning acoustic microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyasaka, C.; Tittmann, B. R.; Tutwiler, R.; Tian, Y.; Maeva, E.; Shum, D.

2010-03-01

The present study is to investigate the feasibility of applying in-vivo acoustic microscopy to the analysis of cancerous tissue. The study was implemented with mechanical scanning reflection acoustic microscope (SAM) by the following procedures. First, we ultrasonically visualized thick sections of normal and tumor tissues to determine the lowest transducer frequency required for cellular imaging. We used skin for normal tissue and the tumor was a malignant melanoma. Thin sections of the tissue were also studied with the optical and high-frequency-ultrasonic imaging for pathological evaluation. Secondly, we ultrasonically visualized subsurface cellular details of thin tissue specimens with different modes (i.e., pulse and tone-burst wave modes) to obtain the highest quality ultrasonic images. The objective is to select the best mode for the future design of a future SAM for in-vivo examination. Thirdly, we developed a mathematical modeling technique based on an angular spectrum approach for improving image processing and comparing numerical to experimental results.

FRED user's manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shilling, J.

1984-02-01

FRED, the friendly editor, is a screen-based structured editor. This manual is intended to serve the needs of a wide range of users of the FRED text editor. Most users will find it sufficient to read the introductory material in section 2, supplemented with the full command set description in section 3. Advanced users may wish to change the keystroke sequences which invoke editor commands. Section 4 describes how to change key bindings and how to define command macros. Some users may need to modify a language description or create an entirely new language description for use with FRED. Sectionmore » 5 describes the format of the language descriptions used by the editor, and describes how to construct a language grammar. Section 6 describes known portability problems of the FRED editor and should concern only system installation personnel. The editor points out syntax errors in the file being edited and does automatic pretty printing.« less

Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration-Plant Program. Volume II. The environment (Deliverable No. 27). [Baseline environmental data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-08-01

The proposed site of the Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant (IFGDP) is located on a small peninsula extending eastward into Lake McKeller from the south shore. The peninsula is located west-southwest of the City of Memphis near the confluence of Lake McKeller and the Mississippi River. The environmental setting of this site and the region around this site is reported in terms of physical, biological, and human descriptions. Within the physical description, this report divides the environmental setting into sections on physiography, geology, hydrology, water quality, climatology, air quality, and ambient noise. The biological description is divided into sections onmore » aquatic and terrestrial ecology. Finally, the human environment description is reported in sections on land use, demography, socioeconomics, culture, and visual features. This section concludes with a discussion of physical environmental constraints.« less

Domain switching kinetics in ferroelectric-resistive BiFeO3 thin film memories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Jianwei; Jiang, Jun; Geng, Wenping; Chen, Zhihui; Zhang, Wei; Jiang, Anquan

2015-02-01

We fabricated (00l) BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films in different growth modes on SrRuO3/SrTiO3 substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction patterns show an out-of-plane lattice constant of 4.03 Å and ferroelectric polarization of 82 µC/cm2 for the BFO thin film in a layer-by-layer growth mode (2D-BFO), larger than 3.96 Å and 51 µC/cm2 for the thin film in the 3D-island formation growth mode (3D-BFO). The 2D-BFO thin film at 300 K shows switchable on/off diode currents upon polarization flipping near a negative coercive voltage, which is nevertheless absent from the above 3D-BFO thin film. From a positive-up-negative-down pulse characterization technique, we measured domain switching current transients as well as polarization-voltage (Pf-Vf) hysteresis loops in both semiconducting thin films. Pf-Vf hysteresis loops after 1 µs-retention time show the preferred domain orientation pointing to bottom electrodes in a 3D-BFO thin film. The poor retention of the domains pointing to top electrodes can be improved considerably in a 2D-BFO thin film. From these measurements, we extracted domain switching time dependence of coercive voltage at temperatures of 78-300 K. From these dependences, we found coercive voltages in semiconducting ferroelectric thin films much higher than those in insulating thin films, disobeying the traditional Merz equation. Finally, an equivalent resistance model in description of free-carrier compensation of the front domain boundary charge is developed to interpret this difference. This equivalent resistance can be coincidently extracted either from domain switching time dependence of coercive voltage or from applied voltage dependence of domain switching current, which drops almost linearly with the temperature until down to 0 in a ferroelectric insulator at 78 K.

Effects of doping on ferroelectric properties and leakage current behavior of KNN-LT-LS thin films on SrTiO3 substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abazari, M.; Safari, A.

2009-05-01

We report the effects of Ba, Ti, and Mn dopants on ferroelectric polarization and leakage current of (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)(Nb0.84Ta0.1Sb0.06)O3 (KNN-LT-LS) thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition. It is shown that donor dopants such as Ba2+, which increased the resistivity in bulk KNN-LT-LS, had an opposite effect in the thin film. Ti4+ as an acceptor B-site dopant reduces the leakage current by an order of magnitude, while the polarization values showed a slight degradation. Mn4+, however, was found to effectively suppress the leakage current by over two orders of magnitude while enhancing the polarization, with 15 and 23 μC/cm2 remanent and saturated polarization, whose values are ˜70% and 82% of the reported values for bulk composition. This phenomenon has been associated with the dual effect of Mn4+ in KNN-LT-LS thin film, by substituting both A- and B-site cations. A detailed description on how each dopant affects the concentrations of vacancies in the lattice is presented. Mn-doped KNN-LT-LS thin films are shown to be a promising candidate for lead-free thin films and applications.

Anaemia and nutritional status of adolescent girls in Babile District, Eastern Ethiopia.

PubMed

Teji, Kedir; Dessie, Yadeta; Assebe, Tesfaye; Abdo, Meyrema

2016-01-01

Nutritional status during adolescence plays an important role in the human lifecycle that influences growth and development and during this period nutrient needs are the greatest. The objective of this study is to assess anaemia and nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 547 adolescent aged 10-19 years by cross sectional study design. WHO Anthro-plus software was used to analyse Nutritional statuses of adolescents and magnitudes were determined using WHO 2007 references point. Haemoglobin was measured on site by hem cue machine. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was carried out depending on the nature of variables. The result of the study show that 21.6% thin, 4.8% were over weighted and 1.1% was obese, 32% were anaemic and 15% of adolescents were stunted/ short stature than normal. Nutritional status of adolescent were low both in urban and rural adolescents, but severe thinness were higher among of rural (39.3%) compared to urban (37.5%) adolescents. Factors independently associated with stunting were place of residence, father occupation source of drinking water and age of the adolescents. Nutritional status of adolescent girls contributes to the nutritional status of the community. There is a need to initiate intervention measures to improve the nutritional status of adolescent girls who are the future 'mothers-to-be'. Hence, there is a need to create awareness among adolescents and their family about nutrition and health.

Anaemia and nutritional status of adolescent girls in Babile District, Eastern Ethiopia

PubMed Central

Teji, Kedir; Dessie, Yadeta; Assebe, Tesfaye; Abdo, Meyrema

2016-01-01

Introduction Nutritional status during adolescence plays an important role in the human lifecycle that influences growth and development and during this period nutrient needs are the greatest. The objective of this study is to assess anaemia and nutritional status of adolescent girls in the Babile district, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods Data were collected from 547 adolescent aged 10-19 years by cross sectional study design. WHO Anthro-plus software was used to analyse Nutritional statuses of adolescents and magnitudes were determined using WHO 2007 references point. Haemoglobin was measured on site by hem cue machine. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was carried out depending on the nature of variables. Results The result of the study show that 21.6% thin, 4.8% were over weighted and 1.1% was obese, 32% were anaemic and 15% of adolescents were stunted/ short stature than normal. Nutritional status of adolescent were low both in urban and rural adolescents, but severe thinness were higher among of rural (39.3%) compared to urban (37.5%) adolescents. Factors independently associated with stunting were place of residence, father occupation source of drinking water and age of the adolescents. Conclusion Nutritional status of adolescent girls contributes to the nutritional status of the community. There is a need to initiate intervention measures to improve the nutritional status of adolescent girls who are the future ‘mothers-to-be’. Hence, there is a need to create awareness among adolescents and their family about nutrition and health. PMID:27642403

Morphology of the Vestibular Utricule in Toadfish, Opsanus Tau

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bass, L.; Smith, J.; Twombly, A.; Boyle, Richard; Varelas, Ehsanian J.; Johanson, C.

2003-01-01

The uticle is an otolith organ in the vertebrate inner ear that provides gravitoinertial acceleration information into the vestibular reflex pathways. The aim of the present study was to provide an anatomical description of this structure in the adult oyster toadfish, and establish a morphological basis for interpretation of subsequent functional studies. Light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy were applied to visualize the sensory epithelium and its neural innervation. Electrophysiological techniques were used to identify utricular afferents by their response to translation stimuli. Similar to nerve afferents supplying the semicircular canals and lagena, utricular afferents commonly exhibit a short-latency increase of firing rate in response to electrical activation of the central efferent pathway. Afferents were labeled with biocytin either intraaxonally or with extracellular bulk deposits. Light microscope images of serial thick sections were used to make three-dimensional reconstructions of individual labeled afferents to identify the dendritic morphology with respect to epithelial location. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the surface of the otolith mass facing the otolith membrane, and the hair cell polarization patterns of strioler and extrastriolar regions. Transmission electron micrographs of serial thin sections were compiled to create a three-dimensional reconstruction of the labeled afferent over a segment of its dendritic field and to examine the hair cell-afferent synaptic contacts.

Effect of damage on elastically tailored composite laminates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Armanios, Erian; Badir, Ashraf; Berdichevsky, Victor

1991-01-01

A variationally consistent theory is derived in order to predict the response of anisotropic thin-walled closed sections subjected to axial load, torsion and bending. The theory is valid for arbitrary cross-sections made of laminated composite materials with variable thickness and stiffness. Closed form expressions for the stiffness coefficients are provided as integrals in terms of lay-ups parameters and cross-sectional geometry. A comparison of stiffness coefficients and response with finite element predictions and a closed form solution is performed. The theory is applied to the investigation of the effect of damage on the extension-twist coupling in a thin-walled closed section beam. The damage is simulated as a progressive ply-by-ply failure. Results show that damage can have a significant effect on the extension-twist coupling.

Cross Section High Resolution Imaging of Polymer-Based Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delaportas, D.; Aden, P.; Muckle, C.; Yeates, S.; Treutlein, R.; Haq, S.; Alexandrou, I.

This paper describes a methodology for preparing cross sections of organic layers suitable for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at high resolution. Our principal aim is to prepare samples that are tough enough to allow the slicing into sub-150 nm sections. We also need strong contrast at the organic layer area to make it identifiable during TEM. Our approach is to deposit organic layers on flexible substrates and prepare thin cross sections using ultra-microtomy. We sandwich the organic layer between two metal thin films in order to isolate it and improve contrast. Our methodology is used to study the microstructure of polymer/nanotube composites, allowing us to accurately measure the organic layer thickness, determine nanotube dispersion and assess the effect of nanotube clustering on film structural stability.

48 CFR 1852.214-70 - Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... furnishing descriptive literature. 1852.214-70 Section 1852.214-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.214-70 Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature... Descriptive Literature (DEC 1988) Bidders are cautioned against furnishing as a part of their bids descriptive...

48 CFR 1852.214-70 - Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... furnishing descriptive literature. 1852.214-70 Section 1852.214-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.214-70 Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature... Descriptive Literature (DEC 1988) Bidders are cautioned against furnishing as a part of their bids descriptive...

48 CFR 1852.214-70 - Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... furnishing descriptive literature. 1852.214-70 Section 1852.214-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.214-70 Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature... Descriptive Literature (DEC 1988) Bidders are cautioned against furnishing as a part of their bids descriptive...

48 CFR 1852.214-70 - Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... furnishing descriptive literature. 1852.214-70 Section 1852.214-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System... CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.214-70 Caution to offerors furnishing descriptive literature... Descriptive Literature (DEC 1988) Bidders are cautioned against furnishing as a part of their bids descriptive...

Combination Of Investment And Centrifugal Casting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Creeger, Gordon A.

1994-01-01

Modifications, including incorporation of centrifugal casting, made in investment-casting process reducing scrap rate. Used to make first- and second-stage high-pressure-fuel-turbopump nozzles, containing vanes with thin trailing edges and other thin sections. Investment mold spun for short time while being filled, and stopped before solidification occurs. Centrifugal force drives molten metal into thin trailing edges, ensuring they are filled. With improved filling, preheat and pour temperatures reduced and solidification hastened so less hot tearing.

Patterns of growth dominance in thinned yellow-poplar stands in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA

Treesearch

Tara L. Keyser

2012-01-01

Growth dominance provides a quantitative description of the relative contribution of individual trees to stand growth. Positive dominance occurs when the largest individuals account for a greater proportion of growth period increment than total biomass. Conversely, negative dominance occurs when the smallest trees account for a greater proportion of the growth period...

Electron transport in ultra-thin films and ballistic electron emission microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Claveau, Y.; Di Matteo, S.; de Andres, P. L.; Flores, F.

2017-03-01

We have developed a calculation scheme for the elastic electron current in ultra-thin epitaxial heterostructures. Our model uses a Keldysh’s non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism and a layer-by-layer construction of the epitaxial film. Such an approach is appropriate to describe the current in a ballistic electron emission microscope (BEEM) where the metal base layer is ultra-thin and generalizes a previous one based on a decimation technique appropriated for thick slabs. This formalism allows a full quantum mechanical description of the transmission across the epitaxial heterostructure interface, including multiple scattering via the Dyson equation, which is deemed a crucial ingredient to describe interfaces of ultra-thin layers properly in the future. We introduce a theoretical formulation needed for ultra-thin layers and we compare with results obtained for thick Au(1 1 1) metal layers. An interesting effect takes place for a width of about ten layers: a BEEM current can propagate via the center of the reciprocal space (\\overlineΓ ) along the Au(1 1 1) direction. We associate this current to a coherent interference finite-width effect that cannot be found using a decimation technique. Finally, we have tested the validity of the handy semiclassical formalism to describe the BEEM current.

Prediction of thinning of the sheet metal in the program AutoForm and its experimental verification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedorko, M.; Urbánek, M.; Rund, M.

2017-02-01

The manufacture of press-formed parts often involves deep-drawing operations. Deep drawing, however, can be deemed an industrial branch in its own right. Today, many experimental as well as numerical methods are available for designing and optimizing deep drawing operations. The best option, however, is to combine both approaches. The present paper describes one such investigation. Here, measurements and numerical simulation were used for mapping the impact of anisotropy on thickness variation in a spherical-shaped drawn part of DC01 steel. Variation in sheet thickness was measured on spherical-shaped drawn parts of various geometries by means of two cameras, and evaluated with digital image correlation using the ARAMIS software from the company GOM. The forming experiment was carried out on an INOVA 200 kN servohydraulic testing machine in which the force vs. piston displacement curve was recorded. The same experiment was then numerically simulated and analyzed using the AUTOFORM software. Various parameters were monitored, such as thinning, strain magnitude, formability, and others. For the purpose of this simulation, a series of mechanical tests was conducted to obtain descriptions of the experimental material of 1.5 mm thickness. A material model was constructed from the tests data involving the work-hardening curve, the impact of anisotropy, and the forming limit diagram. Specifically, these tests included tensile tests, the Nakajima test, and the stacked test, which were carried out to determine materials data for the model. The actual sheet thickness was measured on a sectioned spherical-shaped drawn part using a NIKON optical microscope. The variations in thickness along defined lines on the sectioned drawn part were compared with the numerical simulations data using digital image correlation. The above-described experimental programme is suitable for calibrating a material model for any computational software and can correctly solve deep-drawing problems.

21 CFR 862.2270 - Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use. 862.2270 Section 862.2270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Laboratory...

21 CFR 862.2270 - Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use. 862.2270 Section 862.2270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Laboratory...

21 CFR 862.2270 - Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use. 862.2270 Section 862.2270 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES Clinical Laboratory...

21 CFR 177.2550 - Reverse osmosis membranes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... maximum weight is 62 milligrams per square decimeter (4 milligrams per square inch) as a thin film... square decimeter (0.3 milligrams per square inch) as a thin film composite on a suitable support. The... square decimeter (0.03 milligrams per square inch). (3) For the purpose of this section, the reverse...

Peripheral Precocious Puberty Caused by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Producing Pineal Gland Tumor.

PubMed

Hammadur Rahaman, S K; Khandelwal, Deepak; Khadgawat, Rajesh; Kandasamy, Devasenathipathy; Bakhshi, Sameer

2018-03-15

Pineal gland lesions usually present with central precocious puberty. A 3½-yr-old boy presented with precocious puberty. Clinically and biochemically, it was gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) independent. Serum and CSF beta-hCG levels were increased. Thin section magnetic resonance imaging of brain revealed a pineal gland tumor. He received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy and responded well. CSF beta-hCG should be measured in all cases of peripheral precocity, and if CSF beta-hCG is elevated, thin section magnetic resonance imaging of brain should be considered.

Evaluation of Reaction Cross Section Data Used for Thin Layer Activation Technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ditrói, F.; Takács, S.; Tárkányi, F.

2005-05-01

Thin layer activation (TLA) is a widely used nuclear method to investigate and control the loss of material during wear, corrosion and erosion processes. The process requires knowledge of depth profiles of the investigated radioisotopes produced by charged particle bombardment. The depth distribution of the activity can be determined with direct, very time-consuming step by step measurement or by calculation from reliable cross section, stopping power and sample composition data. These data were checked experimentally at several points performing only a couple of measurements.

Evaluation of Reaction Cross Section Data Used for Thin Layer Activation Technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ditroi, F.; Takacs, S.; Tarkanyi, F.

2005-05-24

Thin layer activation (TLA) is a widely used nuclear method to investigate and control the loss of material during wear, corrosion and erosion processes. The process requires knowledge of depth profiles of the investigated radioisotopes produced by charged particle bombardment. The depth distribution of the activity can be determined with direct, very time-consuming step by step measurement or by calculation from reliable cross section, stopping power and sample composition data. These data were checked experimentally at several points performing only a couple of measurements.

Local Deplanation Of Double Reinforced Beam Cross Section Under Bending

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baltov, Anguel; Yanakieva, Ana

2015-12-01

Bending of beams, double reinforced by means of thin composite layers, is considered in the study. Approximate numerical solution is proposed, considering transitional boundary areas, where smooth quadratic transition of the elasticity modulus and deformations take place. Deplanation of the cross section is also accounted for in the areas. Their thickness is found equalizing the total stiffness of the cross section and the layer stiffness. Deplanation of the cross section of the transitional area is determined via the longitudinal deformation in the reinforcing layer, accounting for the equilibrium between the internal and the external moment, generated by the longitudinal stresses in the cross section. A numerical example is given as an illustration demonstrating model's plausibility. The model allows the design and the calculation of recycled concrete beams double reinforced by means of thin layers. The approach is in agreement with modern design of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB).

Wavefront sensing with a thin diffuser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berto, Pascal; Rigneault, Hervé; Guillon, Marc

2017-12-01

We propose and implement a broadband, compact, and low-cost wavefront sensing scheme by simply placing a thin diffuser in the close vicinity of a camera. The local wavefront gradient is determined from the local translation of the speckle pattern. The translation vector map is computed thanks to a fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm and integrated to reconstruct the wavefront profile. The simple translation of speckle grains under local wavefront tip/tilt is ensured by the so-called "memory effect" of the diffuser. Quantitative wavefront measurements are experimentally demonstrated both for the few first Zernike polynomials and for phase-imaging applications requiring high resolution. We finally provided a theoretical description of the resolution limit that is supported experimentally.

Application of thin layer activation technique for surface wear studies in Zr based materials using charged particle induced nuclear reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chowdhury, D. P.; Pal, Sujit; Parthasarathy, R.; Mathur, P. K.; Kohli, A. K.; Limaye, P. K.

1998-09-01

Thin layer activation (TLA) technique has been developed in Zr based alloy materials, e.g., zircaloy II, using 40 MeV α-particles from Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre at Calcutta. A brief description of the methodology of TLA technique is presented to determine the surface wear. The sensitivity of the measurement of surface wear in zircaloy material is found to be 0.22±0.05 μm. The surface wear is determined by TLA technique in zircaloy material which is used in pressurised heavy water reactor and the values have been compared with that obtained by conventional technique for the analytical validation of the TLA technique.

AND/R: Advanced neutron diffractometer/reflectometer for investigation of thin films and multilayers for the life sciences

PubMed Central

Dura, Joseph A.; Pierce, Donald J.; Majkrzak, Charles F.; Maliszewskyj, Nicholas C.; McGillivray, Duncan J.; Lösche, Mathias; O'Donovan, Kevin V.; Mihailescu, Mihaela; Perez-Salas, Ursula; Worcester, David L.; White, Stephen H.

2011-01-01

An elastic neutron scattering instrument, the advanced neutron diffractometer/reflectometer (AND/R), has recently been commissioned at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. The AND/R is the centerpiece of the Cold Neutrons for Biology and Technology partnership, which is dedicated to the structural characterization of thin films and multilayers of biological interest. The instrument is capable of measuring both specular and nonspecular reflectivity, as well as crystalline or semicrystalline diffraction at wave-vector transfers up to approximately 2.20 Å−1. A detailed description of this flexible instrument and its performance characteristics in various operating modes are given. PMID:21892232

Petrology of Mississippian carbonate eolianites and associated facies: Ste. Genevieve Limestone of Indiana

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dodd, J.R.; Brown, T.W.; Harris, C.D.

1990-05-01

Descriptions of carbonate eolianites of pre-Pleistocene age are rare. Based largely on sedimentary structures and facies associations, Hunter has recently identified eolian deposits in the middle Mississippian Ste. Genevieve Limestone near Corydon, Indiana. Eolianite grainstones contain a diverse assemblage of allochems, including a variety of skeletal grains, ooids (some broken and abraded), peloids, intraclasts, and abundant quartz silt. Carbonate grains, which rarely exceed 0.5 mm are usually more spherical than grains from associated marine unit. Eolian units contain cross-laminations that sometimes coarsen upward. No evidence for vadose cement was found in the eolianite units; the extensive solution packing suggest thatmore » cementation did not occur until burial to considerable depth. Marine grainstones, which probably formed on shallow shoals or an open platform, are common in the section. They contain a diverse assemblage of skeletal grain types as well as ooids, peloids, and intraclasts; however, one grain type (such as ooids) frequently dominates an individual unit. Detrital quartz grains are rare. Rounding of grains is usually good, but sphericity of skeletal grains which were not originally spherical is low. Fine laminations are uncommon, and no systematic grading is found on a thin-section scale. Grains and fossils in excess of 10 mm are common in the marine unit. Carbonate mud-rich rocks that probably formed in a shallow lagoonal setting also occur in the Ste. Genevieve section as do poorly developed exposure surfaces with pedogenic features.« less

A database of body-only computer-generated pictures of women for body-image studies: Development and preliminary validation.

PubMed

Moussally, Joanna M; Rochat, Lucien; Posada, Andrés; Van der Linden, Martial

2017-02-01

The body-shape-related stimuli used in most body-image studies have several limitations (e.g., a lack of pilot validation procedures and the use of non-body-shape-related control/neutral stimuli). We therefore developed a database of 61 computer-generated body-only pictures of women, wherein bodies were methodically manipulated in terms of fatness versus thinness. Eighty-two young women assessed the pictures' attractiveness, beauty, harmony (valence ratings), and body shape (assessed on a thinness/fatness axis), providing normative data for valence and body shape ratings. First, stimuli manipulated for fatness versus thinness conveyed comparable emotional intensities regarding the valence and body shape ratings. Second, different subcategories of stimuli were obtained on the basis of variations in body shape and valence judgments. Fat and thin bodies were distributed into several subcategories depending on their valence ratings, and a subcategory containing stimuli that were neutral in terms of valence and body shape was identified. Interestingly, at a descriptive level, the thinness/fatness manipulations of the bodies were in a curvilinear relationship with the valence ratings: Thin bodies were not only judged as positive, but also as negative when their estimated body mass indexes (BMIs) decreased too much. Finally, convergent validity was assessed by exploring the impacts of body-image-related variables (BMI, thin-ideal internalization, and body dissatisfaction) on participants' judgments of the bodies. Valence judgments, but not body shape judgments, were influenced by the participants' levels of thin-ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction. Participants' BMIs did not significantly influence their judgments. Given these findings, this database contains relevant material that can be used in various fields, primarily for studies of body-image disturbance or eating disorders.

Program of Studies: Business Education: Grades 9-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fairfax County Schools, VA.

The first section of the business education curriculum guide for grades 9-12 provides brief statements concerning program descriptions, goals, course offerings, and objectives. Section 2 provides detailed descriptions and objectives for the following courses: accounting, advanced typewriting, bookkeeping, business economics, business information…

Prevalence and trends of thinness, overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 3-18 years across Europe: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Garrido-Miguel, Miriam; Cavero-Redondo, Iván; Álvarez-Bueno, Celia; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Moreno Aznar, Luis; Ruiz, Jonatan R; Martinez-Vizcaino, Vicente

2017-12-21

Increasing prevalence of both thinness and excess weight during childhood and adolescence is a significant public health issue because of short-term health consequences and long-term tracking of weight status. Monitoring weight status in Europe may serve to identify countries and regions where rates of these disorders are either slowing down or increasing to evaluate recent policies aimed at appropriate body weight, and to direct future interventions. This study protocol provides a standardised and transparent methodology to improve estimating trends of thinness, overweight and obesity in children aged 3-18 years and adolescents across the European region between 2000 and 2017. This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. To identify relevant studies, a search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From the selected studies, relevant references will be screened as supplemental sources. Finally, open search in websites from health institutions will be conducted to identify weight status data not published in scientific journals. Cross-sectional, follow-up studies and panel surveys reporting weight status (objectively measured height and weight) according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and written in English or Spanish will be included. Subgroup analyses will be carried out by gender, age, study year and country or European region. This study will provide a comprehensive description of weight status of children and adolescents across Europe from 2000 to 2017. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This study will use data exclusively from published research or institutional literature, so institutional ethical approval is not required. CRD42017056917. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Prevalence and trends of thinness, overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 3–18 years across Europe: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Garrido-Miguel, Miriam; Cavero-Redondo, Iván; Álvarez-Bueno, Celia; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Moreno Aznar, Luis; Ruiz, Jonatan R; Martinez-Vizcaino, Vicente

2017-01-01

Introduction Increasing prevalence of both thinness and excess weight during childhood and adolescence is a significant public health issue because of short-term health consequences and long-term tracking of weight status. Monitoring weight status in Europe may serve to identify countries and regions where rates of these disorders are either slowing down or increasing to evaluate recent policies aimed at appropriate body weight, and to direct future interventions. This study protocol provides a standardised and transparent methodology to improve estimating trends of thinness, overweight and obesity in children aged 3–18 years and adolescents across the European region between 2000 and 2017. Methods and analysis This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. To identify relevant studies, a search will be conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From the selected studies, relevant references will be screened as supplemental sources. Finally, open search in websites from health institutions will be conducted to identify weight status data not published in scientific journals. Cross-sectional, follow-up studies and panel surveys reporting weight status (objectively measured height and weight) according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and written in English or Spanish will be included. Subgroup analyses will be carried out by gender, age, study year and country or European region. Discussion This study will provide a comprehensive description of weight status of children and adolescents across Europe from 2000 to 2017. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This study will use data exclusively from published research or institutional literature, so institutional ethical approval is not required. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017056917. PMID:29273660

Effective description of domain wall strings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodrigues, Davi R.; Abanov, Ar.; Sinova, J.; Everschor-Sitte, K.

2018-04-01

The analysis of domain wall dynamics is often simplified to one-dimensional physics. For domain walls in thin films, more realistic approaches require the description as two-dimensional objects. This includes the study of vortices and curvatures along the domain walls as well as the influence of boundary effects. Here we provide a theory in terms of soft modes that allows us to analytically study the physics of extended domain walls and their stability. By considering irregularly shaped skyrmions as closed domain walls, we analyze their plasticity and compare their dynamics with those of circular skyrmions. Our theory directly provides an analytical description of the excitation modes of magnetic skyrmions, previously accessible only through sophisticated micromagnetic numerical calculations and spectral analysis. These analytical expressions provide the scaling behavior of the different physics on parameters that experiments can test.

The potential hydrothermal systems unexplored in the Southwest Indian Ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suo, Yanhui; Li, Sanzhong; Li, Xiyao; Zhang, Zhen; Ding, Dong

2017-06-01

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents possess complex ecosystems and abundant metallic mineral deposits valuable to human being. On-axial vents along tectonic plate boundaries have achieved prominent results and obtained huge resources, while nearly 90% of the global mid-ocean ridge and the majority of the off-axial vents buried by thick oceanic sediments within plates remain as relatively undiscovered domains. Based on previous detailed investigations, hydrothermal vents have been mapped along five sections along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) with different bathymetry, spreading rates, and gravity features, two at the western end (10°-16°E Section B and 16°-25°E Section C) and three at the eastern end (49°-52°E Section D, 52°-61°E Section E and 61°-70°E Section F). Hydrothermal vents along the Sections B, C, E and F with thin oceanic crust are hosted by ultramafic rocks under tectonic-controlled magmatic-starved settings, and hydrothermal vents along the Section D are associated with exceed magmatism. Limited coverage of investigations is provided along the 35°-47°E SWIR (between Marion and Indomed fracture zones) and a lot of research has been done around the Bouvet Island, while no hydrothermal vents has been reported. Analyzing bathymetry, gravity and geochemical data, magmatism settings are favourable for the occurrence of hydrothermal systems along these two sections. An off-axial hydrothermal system in the southern flank of the SWIR that exhibits ultra-thin oceanic crust associated with an oceanic continental transition is postulated to exist along the 100-Ma slow-spreading isochron in the Enderby Basin. A discrete, denser enriched or less depleted mantle beneath the Antarctic Plate is an alternative explanation for the large scale thin oceanic crust concentrated on the southern flank of the SWIR.

Limitations in the 2D description of the electromagnetic waves propagation in thin dielectric and magnetic layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radożycki, Tomasz; Bargieła, Piotr

2018-07-01

The propagation of electromagnetic waves trapped within dielectric and magnetic layers is considered. The description within the three-dimensional theory is compared to the simplified analysis in two dimensions. Two distinct media configurations of different topology are dealt with: a plane slab and a hollow cylinder. Choosing the appropriate values for the geometrical parameters (layer thickness, radius of the cylinder) and for the electromagnetic properties of the media one can trap exactly one mode corresponding to that obtained within the two-dimensional electromagnetism. However, the symmetry between electric and magnetic fields suggests, that the two versions of the simplified electromagnetism ought to be equally considered. Its usual form is incomplete to describe all modes. It is also found that there exists a domain of optimal values of parameters for which the 2D model works relatively correctly. However, in the case of a cylindrical surface we observe several differences which may be attributed to the curvature of the layer, and which exclude the propagation of evanescent modes. The two-dimensional electrodynamics, whichever form is used, turns out still too poor to describe the so-called 'hybrid modes' excited in a real layer. The obtained results can be essential for proper description of the propagating waves within thin layers for which 3D approach is not available due to mathematical complexity and reducing the layer to a lower dimensional structure seems the only possible option.

Improvement of one-nucleon removal and total reaction cross sections in the Liège intranuclear-cascade model using Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez-Sánchez, Jose Luis; David, Jean-Christophe; Mancusi, Davide; Boudard, Alain; Cugnon, Joseph; Leray, Sylvie

2017-11-01

The prediction of one-nucleon-removal cross sections by the Liège intranuclear-cascade model has been improved using a refined description of the matter and energy densities in the nuclear surface. Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations with the Skyrme interaction are used to obtain a more realistic description of the radial-density distributions of protons and neutrons, as well as the excitation-energy uncorrelation at the nuclear surface due to quantum effects and short-range correlations. The results are compared with experimental data covering a large range of nuclei, from carbon to uranium, and projectile kinetic energies. We find that the new approach is in good agreement with experimental data of one-nucleon-removal cross sections covering a broad range in nuclei and energies. The new ingredients also improve the description of total reaction cross sections induced by protons at low energies, the production cross sections of heaviest residues close to the projectile, and the triple-differential cross sections for one-proton removal. However, other observables such as quadruple-differential cross sections of coincident protons do not present any sizable sensitivity to the new approach. Finally, the model is also tested for light-ion-induced reactions. It is shown that the new parameters can give a reasonable description of the nucleus-nucleus total reaction cross sections at high energies.

Microstructural study of the polymorphic transformation in pentacene thin films.

PubMed

Murakami, Yosuke; Tomiya, Shigetaka; Koshitani, Naoki; Kudo, Yoshihiro; Satori, Kotaro; Itabashi, Masao; Kobayashi, Norihito; Nomoto, Kazumasa

2009-10-02

We have observed, by high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, the first direct evidence of polymorphic transformation in pentacene thin films deposited on silicon oxide substrates. Polymorphic transformation from the thin-film phase to the bulk phase occurred preferentially near polycrystalline grain boundaries, which exhibit concave surfaces. This process is thought to be driven by compressive stress caused by the grain boundaries. In addition to this stress, lattice mismatch between the two phases also results in structural defect formation.

Standard-, Reduced-, and No-Dose Thin-Section Radiologic Examinations: Comparison of Capability for Nodule Detection and Nodule Type Assessment in Patients Suspected of Having Pulmonary Nodules.

PubMed

Ohno, Yoshiharu; Koyama, Hisanobu; Yoshikawa, Takeshi; Kishida, Yuji; Seki, Shinichiro; Takenaka, Daisuke; Yui, Masao; Miyazaki, Mitsue; Sugimura, Kazuro

2017-08-01

Purpose To compare the capability of pulmonary thin-section magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with ultrashort echo time (UTE) with that of standard- and reduced-dose thin-section computed tomography (CT) in nodule detection and evaluation of nodule type. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this study, and written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Standard- and reduced-dose chest CT (60 and 250 mA) and MR imaging with UTE were used to examine 52 patients; 29 were men (mean age, 66.4 years ± 7.3 [standard deviation]; age range, 48-79 years) and 23 were women (mean age, 64.8 years ± 10.1; age range, 42-83 years). Probability of nodule presence was assessed for all methods with a five-point visual scoring system. All nodules were then classified as missed, ground-glass, part-solid, or solid nodules. To compare nodule detection capability of the three methods, consensus for performances was rated by using jackknife free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis, and κ analysis was used to compare intermethod agreement for nodule type classification. Results There was no significant difference (F = 0.70, P = .59) in figure of merit between methods (standard-dose CT, 0.86; reduced-dose CT, 0.84; MR imaging with UTE, 0.86). There was no significant difference in sensitivity between methods (standard-dose CT vs reduced-dose CT, P = .50; standard-dose CT vs MR imaging with UTE, P = .50; reduced-dose CT vs MR imaging with UTE, P >.99). Intermethod agreement was excellent (standard-dose CT vs reduced-dose CT, κ = 0.98, P < .001; standard-dose CT vs MR imaging with UTE, κ = 0.98, P < .001; reduced-dose CT vs MR imaging with UTE, κ = 0.99, P < .001). Conclusion Pulmonary thin-section MR imaging with UTE was useful in nodule detection and evaluation of nodule type, and it is considered at least as efficacious as standard- or reduced-dose thin-section CT. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Low-Energy Elastic Electron Scattering by Atomic Oxygen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zatsarinny O.; Bartschat, K.; Tayal, S. S.

2006-01-01

The B-spline R-matrix method is employed to investigate the low-energy elastic electron scattering by atomic oxygen. Flexible non-orthogonal sets of radial functions are used to construct the target description and to represent the scattering functions. A detailed investigation regarding the dependence of the predicted partial and total cross sections on the scattering model and the accuracy of the target description is presented. The predicted angle-integrated elastic cross sections are in good agreement with experiment, whereas significant discrepancies are found in the angle-differential elastic cross sections near the forward direction. .The near-threshold results are found to strongly depend on the treatment of inner-core short-range correlation effects in the target description, as well as on a proper account of the target polarizability. A sharp increase in the elastic cross sections below 1 eV found in some earlier calculations is judged to be an artifact of an unbalanced description of correlation in the N-electron target structure and the (N+l)-electron-collision problems.

Transverse vibrations of shear-deformable beams using a general higher order theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kosmatka, J. B.

1993-01-01

A general higher order theory is developed to study the static and vibrational behavior of beam structures having an arbitrary cross section that utilizes both out-of-plane shear-dependent warping and in-plane (anticlastic) deformations. The equations of motion are derived via Hamilton's principle, where the full 3D constitutive relations are used. A simplified version of the general higher-order theory is also presented for beams having an arbitrary cross section that includes out-of-plane shear deformation but assumes that stresses within the cross section and in-plane deformations are negligible. This simplified model, which is accurate for long to moderately short wavelengths, offers substantial improvements over existing higher order theories that are limited to beams with thin rectangular cross sections. The current approach will be very useful in the study of thin-wall closed-cell beams such as airfoil-type sections where the magnitude of shear-related cross-sectional warping is significant.

Os Portugueses No Sudoeste Da Nova Inglaterra E A Sua Literatura Infantil (The Portuguese in Southeast New England and Their Children's Literature).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clinkscales, Rosalie Duggan

The four sections of this paper deal with Portuguese immigrants in southeast New England and with Portuguese-language children's literature. The first section contains a description of Portuguese immigration to the United States from 1511 to the present and notes changes in immigration laws. The second section presents descriptions of the…

1. GORGE HIGH DAM. THIS THIN ARCH DAM WITH A ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. GORGE HIGH DAM. THIS THIN ARCH DAM WITH A GRAVITY SECTION IS THE THIRD DAM BUILT BY SEATTLE CITY LIGHT TO PROVIDE WATER FOR GORGE POWERHOUSE AND WAS COMPLETED IN 1961, 1989. - Skagit Power Development, Gorge High Dam, On Skagit River, 2.9 miles upstream from Newhalem, Newhalem, Whatcom County, WA

Basic Principles of Thin-Walled Open Bars Taking into Account Where Influence Shifts of Cross Sections are Concerned

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panasenko, N. N.; Sinelschikov, A. V.

2017-11-01

The finite element method is considered to be the most effective in relation to the calculation of strength and stability of buildings and engineering constructions. As a rule, for the modelling of supporting 3-D frameworks, finite elements with six degrees of freedom are used in each of the nodes. In practice, such supporting frameworks represent the thin-walled welded bars and hot-rolled bars of open and closed profiles in which cross-sectional deplanation must be taken into account. This idea was first introduced by L N Vorobjev and brought to one of the easiest variants of the thin-walled bar theory. The development of this approach is based on taking into account the middle surface shear deformation and adding the deformations of a thin-walled open bar to the formulas for potential and kinetic energy; these deformations depend on shearing stress and result in decreasing the frequency of the first tone of fluctuations to 13%. The authors of the article recommend taking into account this fact when calculating fail-proof dynamic systems.

Examination of the influence of coatings on thin superalloy sections. Volume 2: Detailed procedures and data. [corrosion resistance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaufman, M.

1974-01-01

The effects of an aluminide coating, Codep B-1, and of section thickness were investigated on two cast nickel base superalloys, Rene 80 and Rene 120. Cast section thicknesses ranged from 0.038 cm to 0.15 cm. Simulated engine exposures for 1000 hours at 899C or 982C in a jet fuel burner rig with cyclic air cooling were studied, as were the effects of surface machining before coating and re-machining and re-coating after exposures. The properties evaluated included tensile at room temperature., 871C and 982C, stress rupture at 760C, 871C, 982C and 1093C, high cycle mechanical fatigue at room temperature., and thermal fatigue with a 1093C peak temperature. Thin sections had tensile strengths similar to standard size bars up to 871C and lower strengths at 982C and above, with equivalent elongation, and stress rupture life was lower for thin sections at all test conditions. The aluminide coating lowered tensile and rupture strengths up to 871C, with greater effects on thinner specimens. Elevated temperature exposure lowered tensile and rupture strengths of thinner specimens at the lower test temperatures. Surface machining had little effect on properties, but re-machining after exposure reduced thickness and increased metallurgical changes enough to lower properties at most test conditions.

Thin HSIL of the Cervix: Detecting a Variant of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions With a p16INK4a Antibody.

PubMed

Reich, Olaf; Regauer, Sigrid

2017-01-01

The WHO defines thin high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) as a high-grade intraepithelial lesion of the cervix that is usually ≤9 cells thick. These lesions usually develop in early metaplastic squamous epithelium without anteceding low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The prevalence of thin HSIL is not well documented. We evaluated different characteristics of thin HSIL at time of treatment. We studied 25 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded conization specimens processed as step-serial sections. HSIL≤9 cells thick were classified as thin HSIL. HSIL≥10 cells thick were classified as classic HSIL. Immunohistochemical p16 staining was used to confirm lesions of thin HSIL. Overall, 19 (76%) specimens contained both thin HSIL and classic HSIL, 4 (16%) contained thin HSIL only, 1 (4%) contained classic-type HSIL only, and 1 (4%) contained thin HSIL and LSIL. Thin HSILs developed in both the columnar surface epithelium and deep cervical glandular epithelium. Most thin HSILs were 5 cells thick. All HSILs (thin and classic) were located inside the transformation zone and had a median horizontal extension of 8 mm (range, 0.3 to 21 mm). Our findings suggest that thin HSILs are frequent findings, that they coexist with classic HSIL, and preferably arise in the exposed parts of the transformation zone including the glandular crypts.

Quantitation of repaglinide and metabolites in mouse whole-body thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Chen, Weiqi; Wang, Lifei; Van Berkel, Gary J; Kertesz, Vilmos; Gan, Jinping

2016-03-25

Herein, quantitation aspects of a fully automated autosampler/HPLC-MS/MS system applied for unattended droplet-based surface sampling of repaglinide dosed thin tissue sections with subsequent HPLC separation and mass spectrometric analysis of parent drug and various drug metabolites were studied. Major organs (brain, lung, liver, kidney and muscle) from whole-body thin tissue sections and corresponding organ homogenates prepared from repaglinide dosed mice were sampled by surface sampling and by bulk extraction, respectively, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. A semi-quantitative agreement between data obtained by surface sampling and that by employing organ homogenate extraction was observed. Drug concentrations obtained by the two methods followed the same patterns for post-dose time points (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 h). Drug amounts determined in the specific tissues was typically higher when analyzing extracts from the organ homogenates. In addition, relative comparison of the levels of individual metabolites between the two analytical methods also revealed good semi-quantitative agreement. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Zinc isotope ratio imaging of rat brain thin sections from stable isotope tracer studies by LA-MC-ICP-MS.

PubMed

Urgast, Dagmar S; Hill, Sarah; Kwun, In-Sook; Beattie, John H; Goenaga-Infante, Heidi; Feldmann, Jörg

2012-10-01

Zinc stable isotope tracers (⁶⁷Zn and ⁷⁰Zn) were injected into rats at two different time points to investigate the feasibility of using tracers to study zinc kinetics at the microscale within distinct tissue features. Laser ablation coupled to multi-collector ICP-MS was used to analyse average isotope ratios in liver thin sections and to generate bio-images showing zinc isotope ratio distribution in brain thin sections. Average isotope ratios of all samples from treated animals were found to be statistically different (P < 0.05) from samples from untreated control animals. Furthermore, differing isotope ratios in physiological features of the brain, namely hippocampus, amygdala, cortex and hypothalamus, were identified. This indicates that these regions differ in their zinc metabolism kinetics. While cortex and hypothalamus contain more tracer two days after injection than 14 days after injection, the opposite is true for hippocampus and amygdala. This study showed that stable isotope tracer experiments can be combined with laser ablation MC-ICP-MS to measure trace element kinetics in tissues at a microscale level.

Quantitation of repaglinide and metabolites in mouse whole-body thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

DOE PAGES

Chen, Weiqi; Wang, Lifei; Van Berkel, Gary J.; ...

2015-11-03

Herein, quantitation aspects of a fully automated autosampler/HPLC-MS/MS system applied for unattended droplet-based surface sampling of repaglinide dosed thin tissue sections with subsequent HPLC separation and mass spectrometric analysis of parent drug and various drug metabolites was studied. Major organs (brain, lung, liver, kidney, muscle) from whole-body thin tissue sections and corresponding organ homogenates prepared from repaglinide dosed mice were sampled by surface sampling and by bulk extraction, respectively, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. A semi-quantitative agreement between data obtained by surface sampling and that by employing organ homogenate extraction was observed. Drug concentrations obtained by the two methods followed themore » same patterns for post-dose time points (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 h). Drug amounts determined in the specific tissues was typically higher when analyzing extracts from the organ homogenates. Furthermore, relative comparison of the levels of individual metabolites between the two analytical methods also revealed good semi-quantitative agreement.« less

Quantitation of repaglinide and metabolites in mouse whole-body thin tissue sections using droplet-based liquid microjunction surface sampling-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Weiqi; Wang, Lifei; Van Berkel, Gary J.

Herein, quantitation aspects of a fully automated autosampler/HPLC-MS/MS system applied for unattended droplet-based surface sampling of repaglinide dosed thin tissue sections with subsequent HPLC separation and mass spectrometric analysis of parent drug and various drug metabolites was studied. Major organs (brain, lung, liver, kidney, muscle) from whole-body thin tissue sections and corresponding organ homogenates prepared from repaglinide dosed mice were sampled by surface sampling and by bulk extraction, respectively, and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. A semi-quantitative agreement between data obtained by surface sampling and that by employing organ homogenate extraction was observed. Drug concentrations obtained by the two methods followed themore » same patterns for post-dose time points (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 h). Drug amounts determined in the specific tissues was typically higher when analyzing extracts from the organ homogenates. Furthermore, relative comparison of the levels of individual metabolites between the two analytical methods also revealed good semi-quantitative agreement.« less

Dual-Beam Sample Preparation | Materials Science | NREL

Science.gov Websites

images showing cutting of trenches to remove a wafer section and transferring that section to a grid post section and transferring that section to a grid post. Here the wafer section is lifted out and seen from , extracted from the wafer then transferred and welded to a TEM grid post. Final thinning down to a thickness

78 FR 76832 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-19

... 18, 2014. If you anticipate that you will be submitting comments, but find it difficult to do so... Emergency Information; Section 79.105, Video Description and Emergency Information Accessibility Requirements for All Apparatus; Section 79.106, Video Description and Emergency Information Accessibility...

Subsurface Assessment at McMurdo Station, Antarctica

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-01

showing profile descriptions , soil indices, and ice properties...23 11 Cross section of Site 2 showing profile descriptions , soil indices, and ice properties...of Site 3 showing profile descriptions , soil indices, and ice properties

Underwater Acoustic Carbon Nanotube Thermophone

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-23

temperature radiation by the carbon nanotube material chip. [0033] Furthermore, the wooden spacers 20 provide heat insulation between the carbon nanotube...based on an energy conversion of heat to sound. (2) Description of the Prior Art [0004] The principle of thermal acoustic transduction is that when...alternating current is passed through a comparatively thin transducer; periodic heating takes place in the conductor following variations in current

Atomic oxygen effects measurements for shuttle missions STS-8 and 41-G

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Visentine, James T. (Compiler)

1988-01-01

The effects of the atomic oxygen interactions upon optical coatings, thin metallized films, and advanced spacecraft materials, such as high temperature coatings for infrared optical systems are summarized. Also included is a description of a generic model proposed by JPL, which may explain the atomic oxygen interaction mechanisms that lead to surface recession and weight loss.

Shotcrete for Expedient Structural Repair

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

pp. 29-44. Selmer - Olsen , R., "Examples of the Behavior of Shotcrete Linings Underground," Proceedings, Shotcrete for Ground Support, The Engineering... Selmer - Olsen , R. PAPER TITLE: Examples of the Behavior of Shotcrete Linings Underground DESCRIPTIVE TITLE NOTE: -0- BOOK/REPORT TITLE: Proceedings...prestressed tanks, thin overlays over structural materials, repair of concrete deteriorated by fire or earthquake, rock slope stabilization, and

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liguori, R.; Aprano, S.; Rubino, A.

In this study we analyzed one of the environmental factors that could affect organic materials. Pentacene thin film samples were fabricated and the degradation of their electrical characteristics was measured when the devices were exposed to ultraviolet light irradiation. The results have been reported in terms of a trap density model, which provides a description of the dynamics of light induced electrically active defects in an organic semiconductor.

NASA Programs in Space Photovoltaics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flood, Dennis J.

1992-01-01

Highlighted here are some of the current programs in advanced space solar cell and array development conducted by NASA in support of its future mission requirements. Recent developments are presented for a variety of solar cell types, including both single crystal and thin film cells. A brief description of an advanced concentrator array capable of AM0 efficiencies approaching 25 percent is also provided.

Dynamic wetting failure in surfactant solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Chen-Yu; Vandre, Eric; Carvalho, Marcio; Kumar, Satish

2015-11-01

The influence of insoluble surfactants on dynamic wetting failure during displacement of Newtonian fluids in a rectangular channel is studied in this work. A hydrodynamic model for steady Stokes flows of dilute surfactant solutions is developed and evaluated using three approaches: (i) a one-dimensional (1D) lubrication-type approach, (ii) a novel hybrid of a 1D description of the receding phase and a 2D description of the advancing phase, and (iii) an asymptotic theory of Cox. Steady-state solution families in the form of macroscopic contact angles as a function of the capillary number are determined and limit points are identified. When air is the receding fluid, Marangoni stresses are found to increase the receding-phase pressure gradients near the contact line by thinning the air film without significantly changing the capillary-pressure gradients there. As consequence, the limit points shift to lower capillary numbers and the onset of wetting failure is promoted. The model predictions are then used to interpret decades-old experimental observations concerning the influence of surfactants on air entrainment. The hybrid modeling approach developed here can readily be extended to more complicated geometries where a thin air layer is present near a contact line.

Moving contact lines in partial wetting: bridging the gap across the scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pahlavan, Amir; Cueto-Felgueroso, Luis; McKinley, Gareth; Juanes, Ruben

2017-11-01

The spreading and dewetting of liquid films on solid substrates is a common phenomenon in nature and industry from a snail secreting a mucosal film to printing and coating processes. A quantitative description of these phenomena, however, requires a detailed understanding of the flow physics at the nanoscale as the intermolecular interactions become important close to the contact line. Classical hydrodynamic theory describes wetting as an interplay between viscous and interfacial forces, neglecting the intermolecular interactions, leading to a paradox known as the moving contact line singularity. By contrast, molecular kinetic theory describes wetting as an activated process, neglecting the bulk hydrodynamics in the spreading viscous fluid film altogether. Here, we show that our recently developed model for thin liquid films in partial wetting, which properly incorporates the role of van der Waals interactions in a thin spreading fluid layer into a height-dependent surface tension, bridges the gap between these two approaches and leads to a unified framework for the description of wetting phenomena. We further use our model to investigate the instability and dewetting of nanometric liquid films, and show that it brings theoretical predictions closer to experimental observations.

Use of a thin-section archive and enterprise 3D software for long-term storage of thin-slice CT data sets.

PubMed

Meenan, Christopher; Daly, Barry; Toland, Christopher; Nagy, Paul

2006-01-01

Rapid advances are changing the technology and applications of multidetector computed tomography (CT) scanners. The major increase in data associated with this new technology, however, breaks most commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS) architectures by preventing them from delivering data in real time to radiologists and outside clinicians. We proposed a phased model for 3D workflow, installed a thin-slice archive and measured thin-slice data storage over a period of 5 months. A mean of 1,869 CT studies were stored per month, with an average of 643 images per study and a mean total volume of 588 GB/month. We also surveyed 48 radiologists to determine diagnostic use, impressions of thin-slice value, and requirements for retention times. The majority of radiologists thought thin slice was helpful for diagnosis and regularly used the application. Permanent storage of thin slice CT is likely to become best practice and a mission-critical pursuit for the health care enterprise.

Using Cf-252 for single event upset testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howard, J. W.; Chen, R.; Block, R. C.; Becker, M.; Costantine, A. G.; Smith, L. S.; Soli, G. A.; Stauber, M. C.

An improved system using Cf-252 and associated nuclear instrumentation has been used to determine single event upset (SEU) cross section versus linear energy transfer (LET) curve for several static random access memory (SRAM) devices. Through the use of a thin-film scintillator, providing energy information on each fission fragment, individual SEU's and ion energy can be associated to calculate the cross section curves. Results are presented from tests of several SRAM's over the 17-43 MeV-cm squared/mg LET range. Values obtained for SEU cross sections and LET thresholds are in good agreement with the results from accelerator testing. The equipment is described, the theory of thin-film scintillation detector response is summarized, experimental procedures are reviewed, and the test results are discussed.

Optical limiting properties of optically active phthalocyanine derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Peng; Zhang, Shuang; Wu, Peiji; Ye, Cheng; Liu, Hongwei; Xi, Fu

2001-06-01

The optical limiting properties of four optically active phthalocyanine derivatives in chloroform solutions and epoxy resin thin plates were measured at 532 nm with 10 ns pulses. The excited state absorption cross-section σex and refractive-index cross-section σr were determined with the Z-scan technique. These chromophores possess larger σex than the ground state absorption cross-section σ0, indicating that they are the potential materials for reverse saturable absorption (RSA). The negative σr values of these chromophores add to the thermal contribution, producing a larger defocusing effect, which may be helpful in further enhancing their optical limiting performance. The optical limiting responses of the thin plate samples are stronger than those of the chloroform solutions.

Construction and monitoring of thin overlay and crack sealant test sections at the Pecos test track.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

In this project, several crack sealant sections were constructed at the Pecos RTC. Six different sealants were : applied in routed and non-routed configurations on both older and newer pavement. The following summer, : the sections were revaluated in...

Fabrication and characterization of lead-free BaTiO3 thin film for storage device applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Hakikat; Negi, N. S.

2018-05-01

The lead-free BaTiO3 (BT) thin film solution has been prepared by sol-gel method. The prepared solution spin coated on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/ Si substrate. The fabricated thin film was analyzed by XRD and Raman spectrometer for structural conformation. Uniformity of thin film was examined by Atomic force microscope (AFM). Thickness of the film was measured by cross sectional FESEM. Activation energies for both positive and negative biasing have been calculated from temperature dependent leakage current density as a function of electric field. For ferroelectric memory devices such as FRAM the hysteresis loop plays important role. Electric filed dependent polarization of BT thin film measured at different switching voltages. With increasing voltage maximum polarization increases.

Shear thinning effects on blood flow in straight and curved tubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cherry, Erica M.; Eaton, John K.

2013-07-01

Simulations were performed to determine the magnitude and types of errors one can expect when approximating blood in large arteries as a Newtonian fluid, particularly in the presence of secondary flows. This was accomplished by running steady simulations of blood flow in straight and curved tubes using both Newtonian and shear-thinning viscosity models. In the shear-thinning simulations, the viscosity was modeled as a shear rate-dependent function fit to experimental data. Simulations in straight tubes were modeled after physiologically relevant arterial flows, and flow parameters for the curved tube simulations were chosen to examine a variety of secondary flow strengths. The diameters ranged from 1 mm to 10 mm and the Reynolds numbers from 24 to 1500. Pressure and velocity data are reported for all simulations. In the straight tube simulations, the shear-thinning flows had flattened velocity profiles and higher pressure gradients compared to the Newtonian simulations. In the curved tube flows, the shear-thinning simulations tended to have blunted axial velocity profiles, decreased secondary flow strengths, and decreased axial vorticity compared to the Newtonian simulations. The cross-sectionally averaged pressure drops in the curved tubes were higher in the shear-thinning flows at low Reynolds number but lower at high Reynolds number. The maximum deviation in secondary flow magnitude averaged over the cross sectional area was 19% of the maximum secondary flow and the maximum deviation in axial vorticity was 25% of the maximum vorticity.

Investigation of interfacial fracture behavior on injection molded parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fischer, Matthieu; Ausias, Gilles; Kuehnert, Ines

2016-03-01

In this study the interfacial morphology of different polymers joined by various assembly injection molding (AIM) technologies were discussed. Melt streams were injected successively using tools with core-back or rotation techniques. To compare bulk specimen strength and weld line strength, the fracture behavior of different specimen scales and thin sections were investigated. An in-situ SEM tensile test and a new thin section testing device which is used in polarized (transmitted) light microscopy were used to observe specimen failure. The effects of processing on spherulitic structures were linked to bonding strength and mechanical properties.

The Foraminiferal Genus Orbitolina in North America

USGS Publications Warehouse

Douglass, Raymond Charles

1960-01-01

The foraminiferal genus Orbitolina has been useful as an index fossil in the Cretaceous rocks of the circumglobal equatorial belt for nearly a century. In Europe and the Near and Middle East enough work has been done on the species to allow their use for approximate correlations within the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. The study of American specimens of Orbitolina, had been almost neglected although they were used in a rather cursory fashion for markers of the Lower Cretaceous Trinity strata. Three species had been described and assigned to Orbitolina in the United States, but the validity of each of the species had been questioned. A study of the genus Orbitolina, its type species, its morphology and the stratigraphic and geographic distribution in North America are presented in this report. Stratigraphic sections were measured throughout the area of Lower Cretaceous outcrop in Texas, New Mexico. and Arizona, and samples of Orbitolina were taken from these measured sections. Several thousand thin sections were prepared from which 8 species of Orbitolina, 7 of them new, were recognized. Orbitolina texana (Roemer) was found to be confined to the lower part of the Glen Rose limestone and its equivalents. Orbitolina, minuta n. sp. is essentially confined to the upper part of the Glen Rose limestone and its equivalents. Four of the species are known only from the Arizona and New Mexico region. The species of Orbitolina are useful stratigraphically, but all their characters-internal as well as external-must be considered. The use of thin sections for the study of Orbitolina is essential. One of the first things that had to be determined was the correct concept of the genus Orbitolina. The type species had not been determined by earlier authors, although four species had been suggested at various times. With careful study of the early literature, it became apparent that the type species is Orbitulites lenticulata Lamarck, 1816=Madreporites lenticularis Blumenbach, 1805 by monotypy. The type species had never been studied using modern techniques. This paper presents the first description and illustrations of the type species based on internal as well as external characters. The American forms of Orbitolina had been referred to the species Orbitolina concava (Lamarck) by Silvestri and others. The necessity of understanding O. concava was apparent. Many misconceptions about O. concava had been developed and propagated until the modern concept no longer included the original material on which the svecies was based. Topotype material of Orbulites concava Lamarck, 1816, was restudied. For the first time both the internal and the external characters are described and illustrated. Orbitolina concava (Lamarck) is not conspecific with any of the North American forms. A thorough knowledge of the morphology of Orbitolina is essential to the interpretation of the features as seen in thin section. Carefully oriented sections were prepared and models built up illustrating the morphology. A new technique was adapted for multiple sectioning of specimens of Orbitolina. Using this technique, several oriented sections can be prepared from one specimen, enabling the correlation of features seen in axial, basal, and tangential sections. This technique should prove useful in the study of similar small objects, and therefore is described and illustrated. The early chambers of microspheric and megalospheric specimens were not well known. A technique for their study was developed and is described. The morphology of the early chambers of both generations is described and illustrated. The nature of the nepionic and neanic chambers of the microspheric generation is described and documented for the first time. The previous supposition of an early trochoid spire in microspheric specimens is rejected in favor of a flaring planispiral coil. This discovery must be considered in a study of the phylogeny. Charts are presented showing the strat

Thin polymeric films for building biohybrid microrobots.

PubMed

Ricotti, Leonardo; Fujie, Toshinori

2017-03-06

This paper aims to describe the disruptive potential that polymeric thin films have in the field of biohybrid devices and to review the recent efforts in this area. Thin (thickness  <  1 mm) and ultra-thin (thickness  <  1 µm) matrices possess a series of intriguing features, such as large surface area/volume ratio, high flexibility, chemical and physical surface tailorability, etc. This enables the fabrication of advanced bio/non-bio interfaces able to efficiently drive cell-material interactions, which are the key for optimizing biohybrid device performances. Thin films can thus represent suitable platforms on which living and artificial elements are coupled, with the aim of exploiting the unique features of living cells/tissues. This may allow to carry out certain tasks, not achievable with fully artificial technologies. In the paper, after a description of the desirable chemical/physical cues to be targeted and of the fabrication, functionalization and characterization procedures to be used for thin and ultra-thin films, the state-of-the-art of biohybrid microrobots based on micro/nano-membranes are described and discussed. The research efforts in this field are rather recent and they focus on: (1) self-beating cells (such as cardiomyocytes) able to induce a relatively large deformation of the underlying substrates, but affected by a limited controllability by external users; (2) skeletal muscle cells, more difficult to engineer in mature and functional contractile tissues, but featured by a higher controllability. In this context, the different materials used and the performances achieved are analyzed. Despite recent interesting advancements and signs of maturity of this research field, important scientific and technological steps are still needed. In the paper some possible future perspectives are described, mainly concerning thin film manipulation and assembly in multilayer 3D systems, new advanced materials to be used for the fabrication of thin films, cell engineering opportunities and modelling/computational efforts.

Simulation of the energy spectra of original versus recombined H{sub 2}{sup +} molecular ions transmitted through thin foils

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barriga-Carrasco, Manuel D.; Garcia-Molina, Rafael

2004-09-01

This work presents the results of computer simulations for the energy spectra of original versus recombined H{sub 2}{sup +} molecular ions transmitted through thin amorphous carbon foils, for a broad range of incident energies. A detailed description of the projectile motion through the target has been done, including nuclear scattering and Coulomb repulsion as well as electronic self-retarding and wake forces; the two latter are calculated in the dielectric formalism framework. Differences in the energy spectra of recombined and original transmitted H{sub 2}{sup +} molecular ions clearly appear in the simulations, in agreement with the available experimental data. Our simulationmore » code also differentiates the contributions due to original and to recombined H{sub 2}{sup +} molecular ions when the energy spectra contain both contributions, a feature that could be used for experimental purposes in estimating the ratio between the number of original and recombined H{sub 2}{sup +} molecular ions transmitted through thin foils.« less

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

PubMed Central

Siuzdak, Katarzyna; Atanasov, Peter A; Bittencourt, Carla; Dikovska, Anna; Nedyalkov, Nikolay N; Śliwiński, Gerard

2014-01-01

Summary A brief description of research advances in the area of short-pulse-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films is followed by examples of experimental data and a discussion of our results on the characterization of structural and optical properties of gold nanostructures. These consist of partially spherical or spheroidal nanoparticles (NPs) which have a size distribution (80 ± 42 nm) and self-organization characterized by a short-distance order (length scale ≈140 nm). For the NP shapes produced, an observably broader tuning range (of about 150 nm) of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band is obtained by renewal thin film deposition and laser annealing of the NP array. Despite the broadened SPR bands, which indicate damping confirmed by short dephasing times not exceeding 4 fs, the self-organized Au NP structures reveal quite a strong enhancement of the optical signal. This was consistent with the near-field modeling and micro-Raman measurements as well as a test of the electrochemical sensing capability. PMID:25551038

Evolution of helical perturbations in a thin-shell model of an imploding liner

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ryutov, D. D.; Dorf, M. A.

A thin-shell model of the liner stability has been revisited and applied to the stability of the helical perturbations. Several stages of the implosion have been identified, starting from a long initial “latent” phase of an almost resting liner, continuing to the second stage of a rapid contraction and significant perturbation growth, and then transitioning to the third stage where perturbations become ballistic and highly non-linear. The stage of stagnation and rebound is beyond the scope of this paper. An importance of vorticity conservation during the late stages is emphasized. Nonlinear evolution of perturbations is followed up to the pointmore » of the formation of cusp structures. Effects of in-surface flows and of their enhancement due to the vorticity conservation are discussed. It is shown that the pre-machined perturbations created only on the outer surface of the liner grow much slower than one could anticipate. The limitations on the thin-shell description are discussed.« less

48 CFR 14.404-4 - Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of descriptive literature. 14.404-4 Section 14.404-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Contract 14.404-4 Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature. When a bid is accompanied by descriptive literature (as defined in 2.101), and the bidder imposes a restriction that prevents the public...

48 CFR 14.404-4 - Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of descriptive literature. 14.404-4 Section 14.404-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Contract 14.404-4 Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature. When a bid is accompanied by descriptive literature (as defined in 2.101), and the bidder imposes a restriction that prevents the public...

48 CFR 14.404-4 - Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of descriptive literature. 14.404-4 Section 14.404-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Contract 14.404-4 Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature. When a bid is accompanied by descriptive literature (as defined in 2.101), and the bidder imposes a restriction that prevents the public...

48 CFR 14.404-4 - Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of descriptive literature. 14.404-4 Section 14.404-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Contract 14.404-4 Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature. When a bid is accompanied by descriptive literature (as defined in 2.101), and the bidder imposes a restriction that prevents the public...

48 CFR 14.404-4 - Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of descriptive literature. 14.404-4 Section 14.404-4 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Contract 14.404-4 Restrictions on disclosure of descriptive literature. When a bid is accompanied by descriptive literature (as defined in 2.101), and the bidder imposes a restriction that prevents the public...

Micro-CT scouting for transmission electron microscopy of human tissue specimens

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morales, A. G.; Stempinski, E. S.; XIAO, X.

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides sub-nanometre-scale details in volumetric samples. Samples such as pathology tissue specimens are often stained with a metal element to enhance contrast, which makes them opaque to optical microscopes. As a result, it can be a lengthy procedure to find the region of interest inside a sample through sectioning. Here, we describe micro-CT scouting for TEM that allows noninvasive identification of regions of interest within a block sample to guide the sectioning step. In a tissue pathology study, a bench-top micro-CT scanner with 10 m resolution was used to determine the location of patches of themore » mucous membrane in osmium-stained human nasal scraping samples. Furthermore, once the regions of interest were located, the sample block was sectioned to expose that location, followed by ultra-thin sectioning and TEM to inspect the internal structure of the cilia of the membrane epithelial cells with nanometre resolution. This method substantially reduced the time and labour of the search process from typically 20 sections for light microscopy to three sections with no added sample preparation. Lay description Electron microscopy provides very high levels of detail in a small area, and thus the question of where to look in an opaque sample, such as a stained tissue specimen, needs to be answered by sectioning the sample in small steps and examining the sections under a light microscope, until the region of interest is found. The search process can be lengthy and labor intensive, especially for a study involving a large number of samples. Small areas of interest can be missed in the process if not enough regions are examined. We also describe a method to directly locate the region of interest within a whole sample using micro-CT imaging, bypassing the need of blindly sectioning. Micro-CT enables locating the region within 3D space; this information provides a guide for sectioning the sample to expose that precise location for high resolution electron microscopy imaging. In a human tissue specimen study, this method considerably reduced the time and labor of the search process.« less

Micro-CT scouting for transmission electron microscopy of human tissue specimens

DOE PAGES

Morales, A. G.; Stempinski, E. S.; XIAO, X.; ...

2016-02-08

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides sub-nanometre-scale details in volumetric samples. Samples such as pathology tissue specimens are often stained with a metal element to enhance contrast, which makes them opaque to optical microscopes. As a result, it can be a lengthy procedure to find the region of interest inside a sample through sectioning. Here, we describe micro-CT scouting for TEM that allows noninvasive identification of regions of interest within a block sample to guide the sectioning step. In a tissue pathology study, a bench-top micro-CT scanner with 10 m resolution was used to determine the location of patches of themore » mucous membrane in osmium-stained human nasal scraping samples. Furthermore, once the regions of interest were located, the sample block was sectioned to expose that location, followed by ultra-thin sectioning and TEM to inspect the internal structure of the cilia of the membrane epithelial cells with nanometre resolution. This method substantially reduced the time and labour of the search process from typically 20 sections for light microscopy to three sections with no added sample preparation. Lay description Electron microscopy provides very high levels of detail in a small area, and thus the question of where to look in an opaque sample, such as a stained tissue specimen, needs to be answered by sectioning the sample in small steps and examining the sections under a light microscope, until the region of interest is found. The search process can be lengthy and labor intensive, especially for a study involving a large number of samples. Small areas of interest can be missed in the process if not enough regions are examined. We also describe a method to directly locate the region of interest within a whole sample using micro-CT imaging, bypassing the need of blindly sectioning. Micro-CT enables locating the region within 3D space; this information provides a guide for sectioning the sample to expose that precise location for high resolution electron microscopy imaging. In a human tissue specimen study, this method considerably reduced the time and labor of the search process.« less

Thin film memory matrix using amorphous and high resistive layers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thakoor, Anilkumar P. (Inventor); Lambe, John (Inventor); Moopen, Alexander (Inventor)

1989-01-01

Memory cells in a matrix are provided by a thin film of amorphous semiconductor material overlayed by a thin film of resistive material. An array of parallel conductors on one side perpendicular to an array of parallel conductors on the other side enable the amorphous semiconductor material to be switched in addressed areas to be switched from a high resistance state to a low resistance state with a predetermined level of electrical energy applied through selected conductors, and thereafter to be read out with a lower level of electrical energy. Each cell may be fabricated in the channel of an MIS field-effect transistor with a separate common gate over each section to enable the memory matrix to be selectively blanked in sections during storing or reading out of data. This allows for time sharing of addressing circuitry for storing and reading out data in a synaptic network, which may be under control of a microprocessor.

Automated thin-film analyses of hydrated interplanetary dust particles in the analytical electron microscope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Germani, M. S.; Bradley, J. P.; Brownlee, D. E.

1990-01-01

A 200 keV electron microscope was used to obtain elemental analyses from over 4000 points on thin sections of eight 'layer silicate' class interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). Major and minor element abundances from a volume approaching that of a cylinder 50 nm in diameter were observed. Mineral phases and their relative abundances in the thin sections were identified and petrographic characteristics were determined. Three of the particles contained smectite (1.0-1.2 nm basal spacing) and two contained serpentine (0.7 nm basal spacing). The point count analyses and Mg-Si-Fe ternary diagrams show that one of the serpentine-containing IDPs is similar to CI and CM chondritic meteorites. The IDPs exhibit evidence of aqueous processing, but they have typically experienced only short range, submicrometer scale alteration. The IDPs may provide a broad sampling of the asteroid belt.

Generic instabilities in a fluid membrane coupled to a thin layer of ordered active polar fluid.

PubMed

Sarkar, Niladri; Basu, Abhik

2013-08-01

We develop an effective two-dimensional coarse-grained description for the coupled system of a planar fluid membrane anchored to a thin layer of polar ordered active fluid below. The macroscopic orientation of the active fluid layer is assumed to be perpendicular to the attached membrane. We demonstrate that activity or nonequilibrium drive of the active fluid makes such a system generically linearly unstable for either signature of a model parameter [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] that characterises the strength of activity. Depending upon boundary conditions and within a range of the model parameters, underdamped propagating waves may be present in our model. We discuss the phenomenological significance of our results.

Elastohydrodynamics of a free cylinder near a soft wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahadevan, L.; Salez, Thomas

2015-11-01

We consider the motion of a fluid-immersed negatively buoyant particle in the vicinity of a thin compressible elastic wall. We use scaling arguments to establish different regimes of settling, sliding, rolling and complement these estimates using thin-film lubrication dynamics to determine an asymptotic theory for the sedimentation, sliding, and spinning motions of a cylinder. Numerical integration of the resulting equations confirms our scaling relations and further yields a range of behaviours such as spontaneously oscillations when sliding, lift via a Magnus-like effect, a spin-induced reversal effect, and an unusual sedimentation singularity. Our description also allows us to address a sedimentation-sliding transition that can lead to the particle coasting over very long distances, similar to certain geophysical phenomena.

Polymeric Packaging for Fully Implantable Wireless Neural Microsensors

PubMed Central

Aceros, Juan; Yin, Ming; Borton, David A.; Patterson, William R.; Bull, Christopher; Nurmikko, Arto V.

2014-01-01

We present polymeric packaging methods used for subcutaneous, fully implantable, broadband, and wireless neurosensors. A new tool for accelerated testing and characterization of biocompatible polymeric packaging materials and processes is described along with specialized test units to simulate our fully implantable neurosensor components, materials and fabrication processes. A brief description of the implantable systems is presented along with their current encapsulation methods based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Results from in-vivo testing of multiple implanted neurosensors in swine and non-human primates are presented. Finally, a novel augmenting polymer thin film material to complement the currently employed PDMS is introduced. This thin layer coating material is based on the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process of Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and Oxygen (O2). PMID:23365999

Twisting of thin walled columns perfectly restrained at one end

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lazzarino, Lucio

1938-01-01

Proceeding from the basic assumptions of the Batho-Bredt theory on twisting failure of thin-walled columns, the discrepancies most frequently encountered are analyzed. A generalized approximate method is suggested for the determination of the disturbances in the stress condition of the column, induced by the constrained warping in one of the end sections.

Cutting thin sections of bone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ashley, W. W.

1972-01-01

Medical equipment for obtaining repetitive planoparallel sections of bone to study healing of bone structure under high gravity stress is described. Device consists of modified saw with diamond cutting edges. Construction of device and manner of use are explained.

Evaluation of isthmus prevalence, location, and types in mesial roots of mandibular molars in the Iranian Population

PubMed Central

Mehrvarzfar, Payman; Akhlagi, Nahid Mohammadzade; Khodaei, Fatemeh; Shojaee, Golnaz; Shirazi, Sara

2014-01-01

Background: Management of canal isthmus is considered as an important factor for successful endodontic treatment. Accordingly, this study was designed to determine the prevalence, location, and types of isthmus in mesial root canals of extracted mandibular molars in a sample of Iranian population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 60 extracted molars with two mesial canals were included. The samples were initially decoronated and then, roots were sectioned horizontally at 2, 4, and 6 mm levels from the apex via a low-speed handpiece with a thin metallic disk and finally prepared and stained with Indian ink. All sections were examined using a stereomicroscope at a magnification of ×30. Prevalence, location, and types of isthmus were evaluated based on the classifications by Kim and Teixeira and all data were statistically analyzed by the chi-squared test. The statistical significance level was established at 0.05. Results: Eighty-three percent of extracted mandibular molars had an isthmus at the mesial root. This prevalence increased with distance from the apex, that is, 92% at 6 mm from the apex and 70% at 2 mm from the apex. A statistically significant difference was found between the sections at 2 and 6 mm from the apex (P < 0.05), but no other significant differences between other levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Isthmus is very common in the mesial roots of the mandibular permanent molars in the Iranian population, with the highest prevalence in the 6 mm distance from the root apex. Therefore, detection, cleaning, and filling of these apical 6 mm isthmuses are of great benefit in modern endodontics. PMID:24932198

Ultrastructural identification of noradrenergic nerve terminals and vasopressin-containing neurons of the paraventricular nucleus in the same thin section.

PubMed

Silverman, A J; Hou-Yu, A; Oldfield, B J

1983-09-01

Since many peptidergic cell groups receive a diverse and complex monoaminergic innervation, we have developed a double-label procedure to visualize a peptide and a catecholamine in the same ultrathin section. Radiolabeled norepinephrine (NE) is applied locally and its reuptake into NE terminals is demonstrated by ultrastructural radioautography. Controls in this and other studies demonstrate that the NE labels only NE (and possibly epinephrine) terminals and not dopaminergic or serotonergic terminals. In the same tissue, vasopressin is localized by immunocytochemistry on unembedded sections that are subsequently embedded in epoxy resins for thin sectioning. The procedure as described here shows that NE terminals in the periventricular zone of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus innervate both vasopressin-positive and vasopressin-negative structures. This technique is useful in determining the chemical connectivity of the hypothalamus.

The aerodynamic properties of thick aerofoils suitable for internal bracing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norton, F H

1920-01-01

The object of this investigation was to determine the characteristics of various types of wings having sufficient depth to entirely inclose the wing bracing, and also to provide data for the further design of such sections. This type of wing is of interest because it eliminates the resistance of the interplane bracing, a portion of the airplane that sometimes absorbs one-quarter of the total power required to fly, and because these wings may be made to give a very high maximum lift. Results of the investigation of the following subjects are given: (1) effect of changing the upper and lower camber of thick aerofoils of uniform section; (2) effect of thickening the center and thinning the tips of a thin aerofoil; (3) effect of adding a convex lower surface to a tapered section; (4) effect of changing the mean thickness with constant center and tip sections; and (5) effect of varying the chord along the span.

Theory of thin-walled rods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goldenveizer, A L

1951-01-01

Starting with the Love equations for bending of extensible shells, "principal stress states" are sought for a thin-walled rod of arbitrary but open cross section. Principal stress states exclude those local states arising from end conditions which damp out with distance from the ends. It is found that for rods of intermediate length, long enough to avoid local bending at a support, and short enough that elementary torsion and bending are not the most significant stress states, four principal states exist. Three of these states are associated with the planar distribution of axial stress and are equivalent to the engineering theory of extension and bending of solid sections. The fourth state resembles that which has been called in the literature "bending stress due to torsional", except that cross sections are permitted to bend and the shear along the center line of the cross section is permitted to differ from zero.

Generalized radiative transfer theory for scattering by particles in an absorbing gas: Addressing both spatial and spectral integration in multi-angle remote sensing of optically thin aerosol layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, Anthony B.; Xu, Feng; Diner, David J.

2018-01-01

We demonstrate the computational advantage gained by introducing non-exponential transmission laws into radiative transfer theory for two specific situations. One is the problem of spatial integration over a large domain where the scattering particles cluster randomly in a medium uniformly filled with an absorbing gas, and only a probabilistic description of the variability is available. The increasingly important application here is passive atmospheric profiling using oxygen absorption in the visible/near-IR spectrum. The other scenario is spectral integration over a region where the absorption cross-section of a spatially uniform gas varies rapidly and widely and, moreover, there are scattering particles embedded in the gas that are distributed uniformly, or not. This comes up in many applications, O2 A-band profiling being just one instance. We bring a common framework to solve these problems both efficiently and accurately that is grounded in the recently developed theory of Generalized Radiative Transfer (GRT). In GRT, the classic exponential law of transmission is replaced by one with a slower power-law decay that accounts for the unresolved spectral or spatial variability. Analytical results are derived in the single-scattering limit that applies to optically thin aerosol layers. In spectral integration, a modest gain in accuracy is obtained. As for spatial integration of near-monochromatic radiance, we find that, although both continuum and in-band radiances are affected by moderate levels of sub-pixel variability, only extreme variability will affect in-band/continuum ratios.

The Processing and Mechanical Properties of High Temperature/High Performance Composites. Book 1, Section 1: Coatings and Interfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-15

Cut Prestressed Film H.M. Jensen on a Substrate J.W. Hutchinson K.S. Kim 8. Measuring the Strength and Stiffness T.P. Weihs of Thin Film Materials by...for Thin Films T.P. Weihs Using Micro-Cantilever Beams J.C. Bravman W.D. Nix 10. Analysis of Elastic and Plastic Deformation A.K. Bhattacharya...Associated with Indentation Testing of Thin W.D. Nix Films on Substrates 11. Finite Elenent Simulidion of Indentation A.K. 13hattacharya Experimnents W.D

Morphology, biology and phylogeny of Phalansterium arcticum sp. n. (Amoebozoa, Variosea), isolated from ancient Arctic permafrost.

PubMed

Shmakova, Lyubov A; Karpov, Sergey A; Malavin, Stanislav A; Smirnov, Alexey V

2018-04-01

A new species, Phalansterium arcticum sp. n., was isolated from an 8580-year-old Arctic permafrost layer. This organism typically lives as a sedentary uniflagellated cell enclosed in a thin flexible mucilaginous sheath, but can form naked swimming cells and amoeboid cells with eruptive pseudopodia accompanied with the formation of short, filopodia-like projections. In an SSU rDNA phylogenetic tree, it robustly groups with other species of this genus. Along with a description of the species, we also add new details to the description of the cell division of Phalansterium and the feeding process in this organism. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Operation and Maintenance Manual, TECS 18.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-01

width modulated variable output voltage and frequency using a three-phase transistor bridge circuit . Reduced power line electromagnetic interference...Description 3-1 Section II. Circuit Fundamentals 3-1 Section III. System Description 3-2 CHAPTER 4. Protection and Maintenance 4-1 Section I. Internal...Number I-la TECS 18 Electronic Module Location-Evaporator Side 1-3 1-lb TECS 18 Electronic Module Location-Condenser Side 1-4 1-2 Remote Control Panel 1-5

Low-head feeding system for thin section castings

DOEpatents

Daniel, Sabah S.; Kleeb, Thomas R.; Lewis, Thomas W.; McDermott, John F.; Ozgu, Mustafa R.; Padfield, Ralph C.; Rego, Donovan N.; Vassilicos, Achilles

1990-01-01

A feed system is provided for conveying molten metal to a thin section caster having mold surfaces moving exclusively in the direction of casting. The feed system has a passage of circular cross section adjacent to one end thereof for receiving molten metal and a rectangular cross section at the delivery end thereof adjacent to the caster. The feed system is designed for supplying molten metal to the caster at low pressure for "closed-pool" type caster operation. The point of highest elevation in the metal flow passage of the feed system is on the upper surface of a transition portion where the cross section changes from circular to rectangular adjacent to the nozzle. The level or height of the high point above the centerline of the nozzle exit is selected so as to be less than the pressure of the metal measured in inches at the nozzle exit. This feature enables the maintenance of positive pressure in the metal within the feed system so that ingress of air into the metal is prevented.

Fallon, Nevada FORGE Lithology Logs and Well 21-31 Drilling Data

DOE Data Explorer

Blankenship, Doug; Hinz, Nicholas; Faulds, James

2018-03-11

This submission includes lithology logs for all Fallon FORGE area wells; determined from core, cuttings, and thin section. Wells included are 84-31, 21-31, 82-36, FOH-3D, 62-36, 18-5, 88-24, 86-25, FOH-2, 14-36, 17-16, 34-33, 35A-11, 51A-20, 62-15, 72-7, 86-15, Carson_Strat_1_36-32, and several others. Lithology logs last updated 3/13/2018 with confirmation well 21-31 data, and revisited existing wells. Also included is well logging data for Fallon FORGE 21-31. Well logging data includes daily reports, well logs (drill rate, lithology, fractures, mud losses, minerals, temperature, gases, and descriptions), mud reports, drilling parameter plots, daily mud loss summaries, survey reports, progress reports, plan view maps (easting, northing), and wireline logs (caliper [with GR], triple combo [GR, caliper, SP, resistivity, array induction, density, photoelectric factor, and neutron porosity], array induction with linear correlation [GR, SP, Array Induction, caliper, conductivity], and monopole compression dipole shear [GR, SP, Caliper, sonic porosity, delta-T compressional, and delta-T shear])

MHD Modeling of Coronal Loops: the Transition Region Throat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guarrasi, M.; Reale, F.; Orlando, S.; Mignone, A.; Klimchuk, J. A.

2014-01-01

Context. The expansion of coronal loops in the transition region may considerably influence the diagnostics of the plasma emission measure. The cross-sectional area of the loops is expected to depend on the temperature and pressure, and might be sensitive to the heating rate. Aims. The approach here is to study the area response to slow changes in the coronal heating rate, and check the current interpretation in terms of steady heating models. Methods. We study the area response with a time-dependent 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) loop model, including the description of the expanding magnetic field, coronal heating and losses by thermal conduction, and radiation from optically thin plasma. We run a simulation for a loop 50 Mm long and quasi-statically heated to about 4 millikelvin. Results. We find that the area can change substantially with the quasi-steady heating rate, e.g., by approx. 40% at 0.5 millikelvin as the loop temperature varies between 1 millikelvin and 4 millikelvin, and, therefore, affects the interpretation of the differential emission measure vs. temperature (DEM(T)) curves.

Clinical, pathological and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple ground-glass opacity nodules: comparison with solitary ground-glass opacity nodule.

PubMed

Kim, Tae Jung; Goo, Jin Mo; Lee, Kyung Won; Park, Chang Min; Lee, Hyun Ju

2009-05-01

To retrospectively compare the clinical, pathological, and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules with those of solitary GGO nodules. Histopathologic specimens were obtained from 193 GGO nodules in 136 patients (87 women, 49 men; mean age, 57; age range 33-81). The clinical data, pathologic findings, and thin-section CT features of multiple and solitary GGO nodules were compared by using t-test or Fisher's exact test. Multiple GGO nodules (n=105) included atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) (n=31), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (n=33), adenocarcinoma (n=34) and focal interstitial fibrosis (n=7). Solitary GGO nodules included AAH (n=8), BAC (n=15), adenocarcinoma (n=55) and focal interstitial fibrosis (n=10). AAH (P=.001) and BAC (P=.029) were more frequent in multiple GGO nodules, whereas adenocarcinoma (P<.001) was more frequent in solitary GGO nodules. Female sex (P<.001), nonsmoker (P=.012) and multiple primary lung cancers (P<.001) were more frequent for multiple GGO nodules, which were smaller (12 mm+/-7.9) than solitary GGO nodules (17 mm+/-8.1) (P<.001). Air-bronchogram (P=.019), bubble-lucency (P=.004), and pleural retraction (P<.001) were more frequent in solitary GGO nodules. There was no postoperative recurrence except for one patient with multiple GGO nodules and one with solitary GGO nodule. Clinical, pathological, and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple GGO nodules were found to differ from those of solitary GGO nodules. Nevertheless, the two nodule types can probably be followed up and managed in a similar manner because their prognoses were found to be similar.

Art. Program of Art Instruction in the Secondary School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Battle Creek Public Schools, MI.

GRADES OR AGES: Junior and senior high school. SUBJECT MATTER: Art. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide has four main sections: 1) "Aims of the Art Program"; 2) "Function of the Guide"; 3) "Course Descriptions"; and 4) "References, Source Materials, Aids." The course descriptions in section 3 are arranged in chart form with six…

40 Years of Processing Pieces of Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Satterwhite, C. E.; Funk, R. C.; Righter, K.; Harrington, R. H.

2016-01-01

This year marks the 40th year anniversary for the Antarctic Search for Meteorite (ANSMET) program. In 1976, the ANSMET program led the first expedition to Antarctica. The ANSMET program is a US-led field-based science project that recovers meteorite samples from Antarctica. Once a year from late November to late January, a field team consisting of 8 to 12 people, spends 6-8 weeks camping on the ice and collecting meteorites. Since 1976, more than 22,000 meteorite samples have been recovered. These meteorites come from asteroids, planets and other bodies of the solar system. Once collected, the Antarctic meteorites are shipped to NASA/Johnson Space Center (JSC) Houston, TX. in a refrigerated truck and are kept frozen to minimize oxidation until they are ready for initial processing. In Antarctica each meteorite is given a field tag which consists of numbers, once in the lab, this is replaced by an official tag, consisting of the Antarctic field location and year collected. The types and numbers of meteorites that have been classified include 849 carbonaceous chondrites, 135 enstatites, 512 achondrites, 64 stony, 115 irons, 48 others (27 R chondrites, 7 ungrouped), 6,161 H chondrites, 7,668 L chondrites, and 4,589 LL chondrites. Although 80-85 percent of the collected meteorites fall in the ordinary chondrite group, the other approximately 15 percent represent rare types of achondrites and carbonaceous chondrites. These rare meteorites include 25 lunar meteorites, 15 Martian meteorites, scores of various types of carbonaceous chondrites, and unique achondrites. The Antarctic meteorites that have been collected are processed in the Meteorite Processing Lab at JSC in Houston, TX. Initial processing of the meteorites begins with thawing/drying the meteorites in a nitrogen glove box for 24 to 48 hours. The meteorites are then photographed, measured, weighed and a description of the interior and exterior of each meteorite is written. The meteorite is broken and a representative sample, either a 1-3 gram chip or thin section is sent to the Smithsonian Institution for classification. After Antarctic meteorites have been classified and approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the Meteoritical Society, they are announced in the Antarctic Meteorite Newsletter, which is published twice per year (fall and spring) so that scientists may review which meteorites are available to study. Requests for Antarctic Meteorite samples are welcomed from research scientists, regardless of their current state of funding for meteorite studies. Since its inception over 3,300 requests have been made for pieces of these meteorites and over 400 investigators worldwide are active in the study of meteorites.. Research on these samples has been published in more than1500 peer reviewed articles; a listing of papers for any meteorite sample can be generated by accessing http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/referencesearch.cfm. Antarctic meteorite samples requested by scientists are prepared several different ways. Most samples are prepared as chips, either using a rock splitter or using a chisel and chipping bowl. In special situations, a researcher may request a meteorite slab in which case the samples are cut using a diamond-bladed bandsaw inside of a dry nitrogen glove box. The meteorites are always cut in a 100 percent liquid-free environment. Additionally, thin/thick sections of Antarctic meteorites are also prepared at JSC. The meteorite thin section lab at JSC can prepare standard 30-micron thin sections, thick sections of variable thickness (100 to 200 microns), or demountable sections using superglue, all section are prepared without using water. Although many of the techniques used back in the '70's are still used today, advances in computers, software, databases, available tools and instrumentation have helped to streamline and shorten the duration of the classification process. In conjunction with present day missions to asteroids and other planets, meteorite studies have not only led to a better understanding of the complex histories of these bodies but have also tied certain meteorite groups to particular asteroid bodies. New meteorite discoveries by the ANSMET program provide a cost effective method for obtaining samples of previously unsampled bodies, allowing scientists to learn more about the origin, composition, and evolution of the solar system. Preservation in our cleanrooms at NASA allows material to be archived for future generations and advances in instrumentation and analysis.

Levels-of-growing-stock cooperative study in Douglas-fir: report no. 17—The Skykomish Study, 1961–93; The Clemons study, 1963–94.

Treesearch

James E. King; David D. Marshall; John F. Bell

2002-01-01

Stand treatments were completed as prescribed with an initial calibration cut and five thinnings resulting in eight new regimes for management of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Measurements were continued for an additional 14 years to observe stability and yields of stands in a postthinning holding period. Detailed descriptions...

Incorporating reservoir heterogeneity with geostatistics to investigate waterflood recoveries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolcott, D.S.; Chopra, A.K.

1993-03-01

This paper presents an investigation of infill drilling performance and reservoir continuity with geostatistics and a reservoir simulator. The geostatistical technique provides many possible realizations and realistic descriptions of reservoir heterogeneity. Correlation between recovery efficiency and thickness of individual sand subunits is shown. Additional recovery from infill drilling results from thin, discontinuous subunits. The technique may be applied to variations in continuity for other sandstone reservoirs.

CFL3D User's Manual (Version 5.0)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Krist, Sherrie L.; Biedron, Robert T.; Rumsey, Christopher L.

1998-01-01

This document is the User's Manual for the CFL3D computer code, a thin-layer Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver for structured multiple-zone grids. Descriptions of the code's input parameters, non-dimensionalizations, file formats, boundary conditions, and equations are included. Sample 2-D and 3-D test cases are also described, and many helpful hints for using the code are provided.

Handwriting as an operant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gonzalez, F. A.; Waller, M. B.

1974-01-01

Description of a writing console which was used for monitoring handwriting behavior. The main feature of the console is a translucent Plexiglass paddle, pivoted on a thin bronze tube, with its top flat surface providing the writing surface. The console was used in experiments on two subjects under various schedules of monetary reinforcement for handwriting. The results suggest that handwriting is an effective approach to the analysis of human behavior.

Initial stage of motion in the Lavrent'ev-Ishlinskii problem on longitudinal shock on a rod

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, N. F.; Belyaev, A. K.; Tovstik, P. E.; Tovstik, T. P.

2015-11-01

The transverse motion of a thin rod under a sudden application of a prolonged longitudinal load at the initial stage of motion is considered. The introduction of self-similar variables makes it possible to propose a description of the transverse motion weakly dependent on the longitudinal deformation. Both single dents and periodic systems of dents are considered.

AmeriFlux US-NMj Northern Michigan Jack Pine Stand

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Jiquan

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-NMj Northern Michigan Jack Pine Stand. Site Description - The jack pine site is owned by Michigan Technological University. The stand is managed, and thus thinned and harvested depending on stand age. This jack pine site is naturally regenerating following a clearcut around 1989. Heavy snow in December 2001 c

48 CFR 570.302 - Description of requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the lease. (2) Functional, performance, or physical requirements. (3) Any special requirements. (4... requirements. 570.302 Section 570.302 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION... Leasehold Interests in Real Property 570.302 Description of requirements. (a) The description of...

LA-ICP-MS Study of Trace Elements in the Chanuskij Metal

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petaev, Michail I.

2005-01-01

This progress report covers work done during the second year of the 3-year proposal. During this year we resolved many issues relevant to the analytical technique developed by us for measuring trace elements in meteoritic metals. This technique was used to measure concentrations of Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Sb, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au in eight large (120 - 160 microns) metal grains from both "igneous" and "metamorphic" lithologies of the Chanuskij silicate inclusions. The first application of OUT technique to metal grains from thin sections showed some limitations. Small thickness of metal grains in the thin section limited the signal to 3-4 time-slices instead of 10- 1 1 ones in polished sections of iron meteorites studied before.

Improving FTIR imaging speciation of organic compound residues or their degradation products in wall painting samples, by introducing a new thin section preparation strategy based on cyclododecane pre-treatment.

PubMed

Papliaka, Zoi Eirini; Vaccari, Lisa; Zanini, Franco; Sotiropoulou, Sophia

2015-07-01

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging in transmission mode, employing a bidimensional focal plane array (FPA) detector, was applied for the detection and spatially resolved chemical characterisation of organic compounds or their degradation products within the stratigraphy of a critical group of fragments, originating from prehistoric and roman wall paintings, containing a very low concentration of subsisted organic matter or its alteration products. Past analyses using attenuated total reflection (ATR) or reflection FTIR on polished cross sections failed to provide any evidence of any organic material assignable as binding medium of the original painting. In order to improve the method's performance, in the present study, a new method of sample preparation in thin section was developed. The procedure is based on the use of cyclododecane C12H24 as embedding material and a subsequent double-side polishing of the specimen. Such procedure provides samples to be studied in FTIR transmission mode without losing the information on the spatial distribution of the detected materials in the paint stratigraphy. For comparison purposes, the same samples were also studied after opening their stratigraphy with a diamond anvil cell. Both preparation techniques offered high-quality chemical imaging of the decay products of an organic substance, giving clues to the painting technique. In addition, the thin sections resulting from the cyclododecane pre-treatment offered more layer-specific data, as the layer thickness and order remained unaffected, whereas the samples resulting from compression within the diamond cell were slightly deformed; however, since thinner and more homogenous, they provided higher spectral quality in terms of S/N ratio. In summary, the present study illustrates the appropriateness of FTIR imaging in transmission mode associated with a new thin section preparation strategy to detect and localise very low-concentrated organic matter subjected to deterioration processes, when the application of FTIR in reflection mode or FTIR-ATR fails to give any relevant information.

A Computer Program which Uses an Expert Systems Approach to Identifying Minerals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Allan Bruce; And Others

1988-01-01

Described is a mineral identification program which uses a shell system for creating expert systems of a classification nature. Discusses identification of minerals in hand specimens, thin sections, and polished sections of rocks. (Author/CW)

The neutrons for science facility at SPIRAL-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ledoux, X.; Aïche, M.; Avrigeanu, M.; Avrigeanu, V.; Balanzat, E.; Ban-d'Etat, B.; Ban, G.; Bauge, E.; Bélier, G.; Bém, P.; Borcea, C.; Caillaud, T.; Chatillon, A.; Czajkowski, S.; Dessagne, P.; Doré, D.; Fischer, U.; Frégeau, M. O.; Grinyer, J.; Guillous, S.; Gunsing, F.; Gustavsson, C.; Henning, G.; Jacquot, B.; Jansson, K.; Jurado, B.; Kerveno, M.; Klix, A.; Landoas, O.; Lecolley, F. R.; Lecouey, J. L.; Majerle, M.; Marie, N.; Materna, T.; Mrázek, J.; Negoita, F.; Novák, J.; Oberstedt, S.; Oberstedt, A.; Panebianco, S.; Perrot, L.; Plompen, A. J. M.; Pomp, S.; Prokofiev, A. V.; Ramillon, J. M.; Farget, F.; Ridikas, D.; Rossé, B.; Sérot, O.; Simakov, S. P.; Šimečková, E.; Štefánik, M.; Sublet, J. C.; Taïeb, J.; Tarrío, D.; Tassan-Got, L.; Thfoin, I.; Varignon, C.

2017-09-01

Numerous domains, in fundamental research as well as in applications, require the study of reactions induced by neutrons with energies from few MeV up to few tens of MeV. Reliable measurements also are necessary to improve the evaluated databases used by nuclear transport codes. This energy range covers a large number of topics like transmutation of nuclear waste, design of future fission and fusion reactors, nuclear medicine or test and development of new detectors. A new facility called Neutrons For Science (NFS) is being built for this purpose on the GANIL site at Caen (France). NFS is composed of a pulsed neutron beam for time-of-flight facility as well as irradiation stations for cross-section measurements. Neutrons will be produced by the interaction of deuteron and proton beams, delivered by the SPIRAL-2 linear accelerator, with thick or thin converters made of beryllium or lithium. Continuous and quasi-mono-energetic spectra will be available at NFS up to 40 MeV. In this fast energy region, the neutron flux is expected to be up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than at other existing time-of-flight facilities. In addition, irradiation stations for neutron-, proton- and deuteron-induced reactions will allow performing cross-section measurements by the activation technique. After a description of the facility and its characteristics, the experiments to be performed in the short and medium term will be presented.

Thermal runaway and microwave heating in thin cylindrical domains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ward, Michael J.

2002-04-01

The behaviour of the solution to two nonlinear heating problems in a thin cylinder of revolution of variable cross-sectional area is analysed using asymptotic and numerical methods. The first problem is to calculate the fold point, corresponding to the onset of thermal runaway, for a steady-state nonlinear elliptic equation that arises in combustion theory. In the limit of thin cylindrical domains, it is shown that the onset of thermal runaway can be delayed when a circular cylindrical domain is perturbed into a dumbell shape. Numerical values for the fold point for different domain shapes are obtained asymptotically and numerically. The second problem that is analysed is a nonlinear parabolic equation modelling the microwave heating of a ceramic cylinder by a known electric field. The basic model in a thin circular cylindrical domain was analysed in Booty & Kriegsmann (Meth. Appl. Anal. 4 (1994) p. 403). Their analysis is extended to treat thin cylindrical domains of variable cross-section. It is shown that the steady-state and dynamic behaviours of localized regions of high temperature, called hot-spots, depend on a competition between the maxima of the electric field and the maximum deformation of the circular cylinder. For a dumbell-shaped region it is shown that two disconnected hot-spot regions can occur. Depending on the parameters in the model, these regions, ultimately, either merge as time increases or else remain as disconnected regions for all time.

The peri-esophageal connective tissue layers and related compartments: visualization by histology and magnetic resonance imaging.

PubMed

Weijs, T J; Goense, L; van Rossum, P S N; Meijer, G J; van Lier, A L H M W; Wessels, F J; Braat, M N G; Lips, I M; Ruurda, J P; Cuesta, M A; van Hillegersberg, R; Bleys, R L A W

2017-02-01

An organized layer of connective tissue coursing from aorta to esophagus was recently discovered in the mediastinum. The relations with other peri-esophageal fascias have not been described and it is unclear whether this layer can be visualized by non-invasive imaging. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the peri-esophageal fascias and determine whether the connective tissue layer between aorta and esophagus can be visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). First, T2-weighted MRI scanning of the thoracic region of a human cadaver was performed, followed by histological examination of transverse sections of the peri-esophageal tissue between the thyroid gland and the diaphragm. Secondly, pretreatment motion-triggered MRI scans were prospectively obtained from 34 patients with esophageal cancer and independently assessed by two radiologists for the presence and location of the connective tissue layer coursing from aorta to esophagus. A layer of connective tissue coursing from the anterior aspect of the descending aorta to the left lateral aspect of the esophagus, with a thin extension coursing to the right pleural reflection, was visualized ex vivo in the cadaver on MR images, macroscopic tissue sections, and after histologic staining, as well as on in vivo MR images. The layer connecting esophagus and aorta was named 'aorto-esophageal ligament' and the layer connecting aorta to the right pleural reflection 'aorto-pleural ligament'. These connective tissue layers divides the posterior mediastinum in an anterior compartment containing the esophagus, (carinal) lymph nodes and vagus nerve, and a posterior compartment, containing the azygos vein, thoracic duct and occasionally lymph nodes. The anterior compartment was named 'peri-esophageal compartment' and the posterior compartment 'para-aortic compartment'. The connective tissue layers superior to the aortic arch and at the diaphragm corresponded with the currently available anatomic descriptions. This study confirms the existence of the previously described connective tissue layer coursing from aorta to esophagus, challenging the long-standing paradigm that no such structure exists. A comprehensive, detailed description of the peri-esophageal fascias is provided and, furthermore, it is shown that the connective tissue layer coursing from aorta to esophagus can be visualized in vivo by MRI. © 2016 Anatomical Society.

Nanoskiving: A new method for nanofabrication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Qiaobing

"Nanoskiving" is the name we have given to a technique for the fabrication of nanostructures by combining deposition of thin films on a topographically patterned polymeric substrate using physical vapor methods and sectioning with an ultramicrotome. Ultramicrotomy was originally developed as a tool for sectioning biological specimens for analysis by optical or electron microscopy. The imaging of biological specimens requires the ability to slice mum to sub-mum thick sections and the imaging is done through the thinnest dimension of the section. Nanoskiving utilizes an ultramicrotome because of its ability to section sub-100 nm slices reproducibly. In this thesis, I will describe the fabrication by nanoskiving of the diverse nanostructures and their applications in electronics and optics. Nanoskiving is experimentally simple, and requires little in the way of facilities (for example, access to a cleanroom or a high-resolution e-beam writer is unnecessary). It is applicable to many classes of structures and materials with which conventional methods of nanofabrication (e.g. EUV or X-ray photolithography, e-beam lithography (EBL) focused ion-beam (FIB)) fail. This method begins with the deposition of thin metallic films on an epoxy substrate by e-beam evaporation or sputtering. After embedding the thin metallic film in an epoxy matrix, sectioning (in a plane perpendicular or parallel to the metal film) with an ultramicrotome generates nanometer-thick sections of epoxy containing metallic nanostructures. The cross-section of the metal wires embedded in the resulting thin epoxy sections is controlled by the thickness of the evaporated metal film (which can be as small as 20 nm), and the thickness of the sections cut by the microtome (as small as 30 nm, using a standard 35° diamond knife). The embedded nanostructures can be transferred to, and positioned on planar or curved substrates by manipulating the thin polymer film. Removal of the epoxy matrix by etching with an oxygen plasma generates free-standing metallic nanostructures. Chapter 1 is an overview of nanoskiving---a technique that combines thin-film deposition of metal on a topographically contoured substrate with sectioning using an ultramicrotome---as a method of fabricating nanostructures. Nanoskiving provides a simple and convenient procedure to produce arrays (over areas of mm2 to cm2) of structures with cross-sectional dimensions in the thirty-nanometer regime embedded in epoxy. The ability to control the dimensions of nanostructures, combined with the ability to manipulate and position them, enables the fabrication of nanostructures with geometries that are difficult to prepare by other methods. Two classes of applications--- in optics and in electronics---demonstrate the utility of nanostructures fabricated by nanoskiving. Chapter 2 shows the fabrication by nanoskiving of complex nanostructures that are difficult or impossible to achieve by other nanofabrication methods. These include multilayer structures, structures on curved surfaces, structures that span gaps, structures in less familiar materials, structures with high-aspect ratios, and large-area structures comprising two-dimensional periodic arrays. Chapter 3 demonstrates the Fabrication patterned arrays of gold structures (for example, rings) with wall thickness of 40 nm, and with high aspect ratios up to 25. Chapter 4 introduces the fabrication by nanoskiving of gold nanowires of uniform, controllable length, width, and height, and describes a systematic study of the dependence of the surface plasmon resonance on the geometry of these wires. Chapter 5 describes the fabrication of arrays of closed and open, loop-shaped nanostructures over mm2 area by nanoskiving. These arrays of metallic structures serve as frequency-selective surfaces at mid-infrared wavelengths. Chapter 6 describes a procedure to fabricate an array of nanoelectrodes that can be addressed from the back face of the slab of epoxy resin.

Thin Film Ceramic Strain Sensor Development for Harsh Environments: Interim Report on Identification of Candidate Thin Film Ceramics to Test for Viability for Static Strain Sensor Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.; Hunter, Gary W.

2006-01-01

The need to consider ceramic sensing elements is brought about by the temperature limits of metal thin film sensors in propulsion system applications. In order to have a more passive method of negating changes of resistance due to temperature, an effort is underway at NASA Glenn to develop high temperature thin film ceramic static strain gauges for application in turbine engines, specifically in the fan and compressor modules on blades. Other applications can be on aircraft hot section structures and on thermal protection systems. The near-term interim goal of the research effort was to identify candidate thin film ceramic sensor materials to test for viability and provide a list of possible thin film ceramic sensor materials and corresponding properties to test for viability. This goal was achieved by a thorough literature search for ceramics that have the potential for application as high temperature thin film strain gauges, reviewing potential candidate materials for chemical and physical compatibility with our microfabrication procedures and substrates.

Thin Film Ceramic Strain Sensor Development for Harsh Environments: Identification of Candidate Thin Film Ceramics to Test for Viability for Static Strain Sensor Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.; Hunter, Gary W.

2006-01-01

The need to consider ceramic sensing elements is brought about by the temperature limits of metal thin film sensors in propulsion system applications. In order to have a more passive method of negating changes of resistance due to temperature, an effort is underway at NASA GRC to develop high temperature thin film ceramic static strain gauges for application in turbine engines, specifically in the fan and compressor modules on blades. Other applications include on aircraft hot section structures and on thermal protection systems. The near-term interim goal of this research effort was to identify candidate thin film ceramic sensor materials to test for viability and provide a list of possible thin film ceramic sensor materials and corresponding properties to test for viability. This goal was achieved by a thorough literature search for ceramics that have the potential for application as high temperature thin film strain gauges, reviewing potential candidate materials for chemical & physical compatibility with NASA GRC's microfabrication procedures and substrates.

Microstructural investigation of nickel silicide thin films and the silicide-silicon interface using transmission electron microscopy.

PubMed

Bhaskaran, M; Sriram, S; Mitchell, D R G; Short, K T; Holland, A S; Mitchell, A

2009-01-01

This article discusses the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based investigation of nickel silicide (NiSi) thin films grown on silicon. Nickel silicide is currently used as the CMOS technology standard for local interconnects and in electrical contacts. Films were characterized with a range of TEM-based techniques along with glancing angle X-ray diffraction. The nickel silicide thin films were formed by vacuum annealing thin films of nickel (50 nm) deposited on (100) silicon. The cross-sectional samples indicated a final silicide thickness of about 110 nm. This investigation studied and reports on three aspects of the thermally formed thin films: the uniformity in composition of the film using jump ratio maps; the nature of the interface using high resolution imaging; and the crystalline orientation of the thin films using selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The analysis highlighted uniform composition in the thin films, which was also substantiated by spectroscopy techniques; an interface exhibiting the desired abrupt transition from silicide to silicon; and desired and preferential crystalline orientation corresponding to stoichiometric NiSi, supported by glancing angle X-ray diffraction results.

Elastica solution for a nanotube formed by self-adhesion of a folded thin film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glassmaker, N. J.; Hui, C. Y.

2004-09-01

Schmidt and Eberl demonstrated the construction of tubes with submicron diameters by the method of folding thin solid films [Nature (London) 410, 168 (2001)]. In their method, a thin film is folded 180° and brought into adhesive contact with itself. The resulting sealed loop forms a nanotube with the thickness of the tube walls equal to the thickness of the thin film. The calculation of the diameter of the tube and the shape of its cross section in equilibrium are the subjects of this study. The tube is modeled as a two-dimensional elastica when viewed in cross section, and adhesive behavior is governed by an energy release rate criterion. A numerical technique is used to find elastic equilibria for a large range of material parameters. With these solutions in hand, the problem of designing a nanotube becomes transparent. It is shown that one dimensionless parameter determines the diameter of the nanotube, while another fixes its shape. Each of these parameters is a ratio involving the material's mechanical properties and the film thickness. Before concluding, we verify our model by comparing its results with the experimental observations of Schmidt and Eberl, for their materials.

Berkovich Nanoindentation on AlN Thin Films.

PubMed

Jian, Sheng-Rui; Chen, Guo-Ju; Lin, Ting-Chun

2010-03-31

Berkovich nanoindentation-induced mechanical deformation mechanisms of AlN thin films have been investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) techniques. AlN thin films are deposited on the metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) derived Si-doped (2 × 1017 cm-3) GaN template by using the helicon sputtering system. The XTEM samples were prepared by means of focused ion beam (FIB) milling to accurately position the cross-section of the nanoindented area. The hardness and Young's modulus of AlN thin films were measured by a Berkovich nanoindenter operated with the continuous contact stiffness measurements (CSM) option. The obtained values of the hardness and Young's modulus are 22 and 332 GPa, respectively. The XTEM images taken in the vicinity regions just underneath the indenter tip revealed that the multiple "pop-ins" observed in the load-displacement curve during loading are due primarily to the activities of dislocation nucleation and propagation. The absence of discontinuities in the unloading segments of load-displacement curve suggests that no pressure-induced phase transition was involved. Results obtained in this study may also have technological implications for estimating possible mechanical damages induced by the fabrication processes of making the AlN-based devices.

Determination of the Secondary Neutron Flux at the Massive Natural Uranium Spallation Target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeman, M.; Adam, J.; Baldin, A. A.; Furman, W. I.; Gustov, S. A.; Katovsky, K.; Khushvaktov, J.; Mar`in, I. I.; Novotny, F.; Solnyshkin, A. A.; Tichy, P.; Tsoupko-Sitnikov, V. M.; Tyutyunnikov, S. I.; Vespalec, R.; Vrzalova, J.; Wagner, V.; Zavorka, L.

The flux of secondary neutrons generated in collisions of the 660 MeV proton beam with the massive natural uranium spallation target was investigated using a set of monoisotopic threshold activation detectors. Sandwiches made of thin high-purity Al, Co, Au, and Bi metal foils were installed in different positions across the whole spallation target. The gamma-ray activity of products of (n,xn) and other studied reactions was measured offline with germanium semiconductor detectors. Reaction yields of radionuclides with half-life exceeding 100 min and with effective neutron energy thresholds between 3.6 MeV and 186 MeV provided us with information about the spectrum of spallation neutrons in this energy region and beyond. The experimental neutron flux was determined using the measured reaction yields and cross-sections calculated with the TALYS 1.8 nuclear reaction program and INCL4-ABLA event generator of MCNP6. Neutron spectra in the region of activation sandwiches were also modeled with the radiation transport code MCNPX 2.7. Neutron flux based on excitation functions from TALYS provides a reasonable description of the neutron spectrum inside the spallation target and is in good agreement with Monte-Carlo predictions. The experimental flux that uses INCL4 cross-sections rather underestimates the modeled spectrum in the whole region of interest, but the agreement within few standard deviations was reached as well. The paper summarizes basic principles of the method for determining the spectrum of high-energy neutrons without employing the spectral adjustment routines and points out to the need for model improvements and precise cross-section measurements.

Space station integrated propulsion and fluid system study: Fluid systems configuration databook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rose, L.; Bicknell, B.; Bergman, D.; Wilson, S.

1987-01-01

This databook contains fluid system requirements and system descriptions for Space Station program elements including the United States and International modules, integrated fluid systems, attached payloads, fluid servicers and vehicle accommodation facilities. Separate sections are devoted to each of the program elements and include a discussion of the overall system requirements, specific fluid systems requirements and systems descriptions. The systems descriptions contain configurations, fluid inventory data and component lists. In addition, a list of information sources is referenced at the end of each section.

Skylab experiments. Volume 2: Remote sensing of earth resources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

This volume covers the broad area of earth resources in which Skylab experiments will be performed. A brief description of the Skylab program, its objectives, and vehicles is included. Section 1 introduces the concept and historical significance of remote sensing, and discusses the major scientific considerations involved in remotely sensing the earth's resources. Sections 2 through 6 provide a description of the individual earth resource sensors and experiments to be performed. Each description includes a discussion of the experiment background and scientific objectives, the equipment involved, and a discussion of significant experiment performance areas.

Structural and optical properties of cobalt doped multiferroics BiFeO3 nanostructure thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasannakumara, R.; Naik, K. Gopalakrishna

2018-05-01

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and Cobalt doped BiFeO3 (BiFe1-XCoXO3) nanostructure thin films were deposited on glass substrates by the sol-gel spin coating method. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) of the grown BiFeO3 and BiFe1-XCoXO3 nanostructure thin films showed distorted rhombohedral structure. The shifting of peaks to higher angles was observed in cobalt doped BiFeO3. The surface morphology of the BiFeO3 and BiFe1-XCoXO3 nanostructure thin films were studied using FESEM, an increase in grain size was observed as Co concentration increases. The thickness of the nanostructure thin films was examined using FESEM cross-section. The EDX studies confirmed the elemental composition of the grown BiFeO3 and BiFe1-XCoXO3 nanostructure thin films. The optical characterizations of the grown nanostructure thin films were carried out using FTIR, it confirms the existence of Fe-O and Bi-O bands and UV-Visible spectroscopy shows the increase in optical band gap of the BiFeO3 nanostructure thin films with Co doping by ploting Tauc plot.

Measurement of the differential cross sections of 6Li(d,d0) for Ion Beam Analysis purposes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ntemou, E.; Aslanoglou, X.; Axiotis, M.; Foteinou, V.; Kokkoris, M.; Lagoyannis, A.; Misaelides, P.; Patronis, N.; Preketes-Sigalas, K.; Provatas, G.; Vlastou, R.

2017-09-01

In the present work, the 6Li(d,d0)6Li elastic scattering differential cross sections were measured in the energy range Ed,lab = 940-2000 keV for Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopy (EBS) purposes, using thin lithium targets, made by evaporating isotopically enriched 6LiF powder on self-supporting carbon foils, with an ultra-thin Au layer on top for normalization purposes. The experiment was carried out in deuteron beam energy steps of 20 or 30 keV and for the laboratory scattering angles of 125°, 140°, 150°, 160°, and 170°.

Immunoelectron microscopic double labeling of alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase with colloidal gold in frozen thin sections of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C.

PubMed Central

Guan, T; Ghosh, A; Ghosh, B K

1985-01-01

The subcellular distribution of alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase was determined by double labeling frozen thin sections of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C with colloidal gold-immunoglobulin G (IgG). Antipenicillinase and anti-alkaline phosphatase antibodies were used to prepare complexes with 5- and 15-nm colloidal gold particles, respectively. The character of the labeling of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase and penicillinase was different: the immunolabels for alkaline phosphatase (15-nm particles) were bound to a few sites at the inner surface of the plasma membrane, and the gold particles formed clusters of various sizes at the binding sites; the immunolabels for penicillinase (5-nm particles), on the other hand, were bound to the plasma membrane in a dispersed and random fashion. In the cytoplasm, immunolabels for both proteins were distributed randomly, and the character of their binding was similar. The labeling was specific: pretreating the frozen thin sections with different concentrations of anti-alkaline phosphatase or penicillinase blocked the binding of the immunolabel prepared with the same antibody. Binding could be fully blocked by pretreatment with 800 micrograms of either antibody per ml. Images PMID:3876329

ToF-SIMS cluster ion imaging of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal rat neurons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Francis, J. T.; Nie, H.-Y.; Taylor, A. R.; Walzak, M. J.; Chang, W. H.; MacFabe, D. F.; Lau, W. M.

2008-12-01

Recent studies have demonstrated the power of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) cluster ion imaging to characterize biological structures, such as that of the rat central nervous system. A large number of the studies to date have been carried out on the "structural scale" imaging several mm 2 using mounted thin sections. In this work, we present our ToF-SIMS cluster ion imaging results on hippocampal rat brain neurons, at the cellular and sub-cellular levels. As a part of an ongoing investigation to examine gut linked metabolic factors in autism spectrum disorders using a novel rat model, we have observed a possible variation in hippocampal Cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) pyramidal neuron geometry in thin, paraformaldehyde fixed brain sections. However, the fixation process alters the tissue matrix such that much biochemical information appears to be lost. In an effort to preserve as much as possible this original information, we have established a protocol using unfixed thin brain sections, along with low dose, 500 eV Cs + pre-sputtering that allows imaging down to the sub-cellular scale with minimal sample preparation.

Reconstruction of three-dimensional porous media using a single thin section

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tahmasebi, Pejman; Sahimi, Muhammad

2012-06-01

The purpose of any reconstruction method is to generate realizations of two- or multiphase disordered media that honor limited data for them, with the hope that the realizations provide accurate predictions for those properties of the media for which there are no data available, or their measurement is difficult. An important example of such stochastic systems is porous media for which the reconstruction technique must accurately represent their morphology—the connectivity and geometry—as well as their flow and transport properties. Many of the current reconstruction methods are based on low-order statistical descriptors that fail to provide accurate information on the properties of heterogeneous porous media. On the other hand, due to the availability of high resolution two-dimensional (2D) images of thin sections of a porous medium, and at the same time, the high cost, computational difficulties, and even unavailability of complete 3D images, the problem of reconstructing porous media from 2D thin sections remains an outstanding unsolved problem. We present a method based on multiple-point statistics in which a single 2D thin section of a porous medium, represented by a digitized image, is used to reconstruct the 3D porous medium to which the thin section belongs. The method utilizes a 1D raster path for inspecting the digitized image, and combines it with a cross-correlation function, a grid splitting technique for deciding the resolution of the computational grid used in the reconstruction, and the Shannon entropy as a measure of the heterogeneity of the porous sample, in order to reconstruct the 3D medium. It also utilizes an adaptive technique for identifying the locations and optimal number of hard (quantitative) data points that one can use in the reconstruction process. The method is tested on high resolution images for Berea sandstone and a carbonate rock sample, and the results are compared with the data. To make the comparison quantitative, two sets of statistical tests consisting of the autocorrelation function, histogram matching of the local coordination numbers, the pore and throat size distributions, multiple-points connectivity, and single- and two-phase flow permeabilities are used. The comparison indicates that the proposed method reproduces the long-range connectivity of the porous media, with the computed properties being in good agreement with the data for both porous samples. The computational efficiency of the method is also demonstrated.

Model Course of Study for Agricultural Programs in Iowa. Preparing for the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Robert A.; And Others

Each section contained in this packet is necessary for designing an effective program of agriculture education. The curriculum guide that is developed from this model should include the same sections. The model includes: (1) community description; (2) school description; (3) goals and objectives of education in agriculture; (4) evaluation policy;…

Research notes : studded tire damage repair : the first year.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-02-01

The Oregon Department of Transportation has monitored rutting caused by studded tires since 1974. In the past decade, the damage has increased rapidly. The overlay was divided into four sections. Each section received a different type of thin asphalt...

Controlled crystal growth of layered-perovskite thin films as an approach to study their basic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watanabe, Takayuki; Funakubo, Hiroshi

2006-09-01

This article describes the current progress in thin bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric films (BLSFs) including SrBi2Ta2O9 and (Bi,La)4Ti3O12, particularly those developed in the last ten years. BLSF thin films can be applied to ferroelectric random access memories because of their durable fatigue-free properties and lead-free composition. We will briefly introduce epitaxial thin films grown on a variety of substrates. Because of the difficulty in growing single crystals of sufficient size to characterize the ferroelectric behavior in specific crystal growth directions, we will characterize epitaxially grown thin films to obtain basic information about the anisotropic switching behavior, which is important for evaluating the performance of emerging materials. We will then discuss the fiber-textured growth on the (111)Pt-covered Si substrates of SrBi2Ta2O9 and Bi4Ti3O12 thin films. Because we expect that the spread crystal orientation will affect the bit-to-bit errors, we believe that the fiber-textured growth and the characterization technique for the deposited film orientation are interesting from a practical standpoint. Another specific challenge of thin film growth is the growth of a-axis-(polar axis)-oriented films. a-/b-axis-oriented films are characterized both crystallographically and by electric hysteresis loop. The hysteresis performance was in accordance with the volume fraction of the a /b domains; however, no evidence for 90° switching of the b domain by an external electric field was obtained. The control of film orientation also allows systematic studies on the effects of a structural modification and relation between spontaneous polarization and Curie temperature, examples of which are given in this paper. After a short description of the piezoelectric properties, we will conclude with a summary and the future prospects of BLSF thin films for research and applications.

IRIS family of IRCCD thermal imagers integrating long-life cryogenic coolers, sophisticated algorithms for image enhancement, and hot points detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dupuy, Pascal; Harter, Jean

1995-09-01

Iris is a modular infrared thermal image developed by SAGEM since 1988, based on a 288 by 4 IRCCD detector. The first section of the presentation gives a description of the different modules of the IRIS thermal imager and their evolution in recent years. The second section covers the description of the major evolution, namely the integrated detector cooler assembly (IDCA), using a SOFRADIR 288 by 4 detector and a SAGEM microcooler, now integrated in the IRIS thermal imagers. The third section gives the description of two functions integrated in the IRIS thermal imager: (1) image enhancement, using a digital convolution filter, and (2) automatic hot points detection and tracking, offering an assistance to surveillance and automatic detection. The last section presents several programs for navy, air forces, and land applications for which IRIS has already been selected and achieved.

40 CFR 158.335 - Description of formulation process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Description of formulation process. 158.335 Section 158.335 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.335 Description of formulation...

40 CFR 158.335 - Description of formulation process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Description of formulation process. 158.335 Section 158.335 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.335 Description of formulation...

40 CFR 158.335 - Description of formulation process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Description of formulation process. 158.335 Section 158.335 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.335 Description of formulation...

40 CFR 158.335 - Description of formulation process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Description of formulation process. 158.335 Section 158.335 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.335 Description of formulation...

40 CFR 158.335 - Description of formulation process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Description of formulation process. 158.335 Section 158.335 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.335 Description of formulation...

Thinness in young schoolchildren in Serbia: another case of the double burden of malnutrition?

PubMed

Djordjic, Visnja; Jorga, Jagoda; Radisavljevic, Snezana; Milanovic, Ivana; Bozic, Predrag; Ostojic, Sergej M

2018-04-01

Thinness is rarely highlighted or regularly monitored among children in developed countries although it may be rather frequent and pose a significant risk to children's health. We aimed to describe the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe thinness among young Serbian schoolchildren. Cross-sectional study of schoolchildren aged 6-9 years. Children were assessed for weight, height and BMI as part of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative in Serbia. Thinness grades were defined as gender- and age-specific cut-offs for BMI according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Serbia, September to November 2015. Students (n 4861) in grades 2 and 3 (6-9 years, 2397 girls). Overall prevalence of thinness in Serbian schoolchildren was 9·6 %. Mild thinness was clearly the largest category with a prevalence of 7·6 %, moderate thinness was present in 1·7 % of children and severe thinness was found in 0·3 % of children. OR indicated a significant risk of being thin for girls (1·44 times higher compared with boys) and children attending schools with no health-focused educational programme (1·57 times more likely to be thin than peers enrolled in schools with such programmes). In addition, OR for thinness tended to be 1·23 times higher in children living in an economically disadvantaged region of Serbia (P=0·06). A rather high prevalence of thinness highlights this malnutrition disorder as an emerging health issue that should trigger public health policies to tackle thinness, especially in girls of young age and children living in economically disadvantaged areas.

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques Applied to the Quantitative Characterization of Textile Composite Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, James G.

1997-01-01

In this Progress Report, we describe our recent developments of advanced ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation methods applied to the characterization of anisotropic materials. We present images obtained from experimental measurements of ultrasonic diffraction patterns for a thin woven composite in an immersion setup. In addition, we compare apparent signal loss measurements of the thin woven composite for phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive detection methods. All images of diffraction patterns have been included on the accompanying CD-ROM in the Adobe(Trademark) Portable Document Format (PDF). Due to the extensive amount of data, however, hardcopies of only a small representative selection of the images are included within the printed report. This Progress Report presents experimental results that support successful implementation of single element as well as one and two-dimensional ultrasonic array technologies for the inspection of textile composite structures. In our previous reports, we have addressed issues regarding beam profiles of ultrasonic pressure fields transmitted through a water reference path and transmitted through a thin woven composite sample path. Furthermore, we presented experimental results of the effect of a thin woven composite on the magnitude of an insonifying ultrasonic pressure field. In addition to the study of ultrasonic beam profiles, we consider issues relevant to the application of single-element, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional array technologies towards probing the mechanical properties of advanced engineering composites and structures. We provide comparisons between phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive detection methods for determination of textile composite structure parameters. We also compare phase-sensitive and phase-insensitive - - ---- ----- apparent signal loss measurements in an effort to study the phenomenon of phase cancellation at the face of a finite-aperture single-element receiver. Furthermore, in this Progress Report we extend our work on ultrasonic beam profile issues through investigation of the phase fronts of the pressure field. In Section H of this Progress Report we briefly describe the experimental arrangement and methods for data acquisition of the ultrasonic diffraction patterns upon transmission through a thin woven composite. Section III details the analysis of the experimental data followed by the experimental results in Section IV. Finally, a discussion of the observations and conclusions is found in Section V.

An acetate precursor process for BSCCO (2223) thin films and coprecipitated powders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haertling, Gene H.

1992-01-01

Since the discovery of high temperature superconducting oxides much attention has been paid to finding better and useful ways to take advantage of the special properties exhibited by these materials. One such process is the development of thin films for engineering applications. Another such process is the coprecipitation route to producing superconducting powders. An acetate precursor process for use in thin film fabrication and a chemical coprecipitation route to Bismuth based superconducting materials has been developed. Data obtained from the thin film process were inconclusive to date and require more study. The chemical coprecipitation method of producing bulk material is a viable method, and is preferred over the previously used solid state route. This method of powder production appears to be an excellent route to producing thin section tape cast material and screen printed devices, as it requires less calcines than the oxide route to produce quality powders.

Insect Thin Films as Sun Blocks, Not Solar Collectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koon, Daniel W.; Crawford, Andrew B.

2000-05-01

We measured the visible reflectance spectra of whole wing sections from three species of iridescent butterflies and moths, for normal incidence, integrated over all reflected angles. In this manner, we separated the optics of the thin films causing the iridescence from the optics of the rest of the scale. We found that iridescence reduces solar absorption by the wing in all cases, typically by approximately 20% or less, in contrast to claims by Miaoulis and Heilman Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 91, 122 (1998) that the thin-film structures that produce iridescence act as solar collectors.

Spanwise transition section for blended wing-body aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hawley, Arthur V. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A blended wing-body aircraft includes a central body, a wing, and a transition section which interconnects the body and the wing on each side of the aircraft. The two transition sections are identical, and each has a variable chord length and thickness which varies in proportion to the chord length. This enables the transition section to connect the thin wing to the thicker body. Each transition section has a negative sweep angle.

Materials Research at Stanford University, 1 July 1980-30 June 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

pro - grams. As indicated in their descriptions, some of the research pro - grams were supported by private sources. However, most received support from... pro - grams by the agencies mentioned above, broad-base core support was furnished by the National Science Foundation through its Materials Research...are thermoformed into uniform, thin films under carefully con - trolled conditions. The film samples are then electrically polarized by holding at high

Powder-metallurgy superalloy strengthened by a secondary gamma phase.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kotval, P. S.

1971-01-01

Description of experiments in which prealloyed powders of superalloy compositions were consolidated by extrusion after the strengthening by precipitation of a body-centered tetragonal gamma secondary Ni3 Ta phase. Thin foil electron microscopy showed that the mechanical properties of the resultant powder-metallurgy product were correlated with its microstructure. The product exhibited high strength at 1200 F without loss of ductility, after thermomechanical treatment and aging.

New diagnostic technique for the study of turbulent boundary-layer separation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Horstman, C. C.; Owen, F. K.

1974-01-01

Description of a diagnostic technique for determining the unsteady character of turbulent boundary-layer separation. The technique uses thin platinum films mounted flush with the model surface. Voltages from these films provide measurements related to the flow character above the film. For illustration, results obtained by this technique are presented for the interaction of a hypersonic shock wave and a turbulent boundary layer, with and without separation.

Comfort Women in Human Rights Discourse: Fetishized Testimonies, Small Museums, and the Politics of Thin Description

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joo, Hee-Jung Serenity

2015-01-01

In the last two decades, the issue of comfort women--the women and girls who were forced into sex slavery for the Japanese army before and during WWII--has risen to global attention. Tens of thousands of comfort women (the average estimate is anywhere between 80,000 and 200,000) were confined at comfort stations managed by the Japanese Imperial…

A multiscale coupled finite-element and phase-field framework to modeling stressed grain growth in polycrystalline thin films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jamshidian, M., E-mail: jamshidian@cc.iut.ac.ir; Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus-University Weimar, Marienstrasse 15, 99423 Weimar; Thamburaja, P., E-mail: prakash.thamburaja@gmail.com

A previously-developed finite-deformation- and crystal-elasticity-based constitutive theory for stressed grain growth in cubic polycrystalline bodies has been augmented to include a description of excess surface energy and grain-growth stagnation mechanisms through the use of surface effect state variables in a thermodynamically-consistent manner. The constitutive theory was also implemented into a multiscale coupled finite-element and phase-field computational framework. With the material parameters in the constitutive theory suitably calibrated, our three-dimensional numerical simulations show that the constitutive model is able to accurately predict the experimentally-determined evolution of crystallographic texture and grain size statistics in polycrystalline copper thin films deposited on polyimide substratemore » and annealed at high-homologous temperatures. In particular, our numerical analyses show that the broad texture transition observed in the annealing experiments of polycrystalline thin films is caused by grain growth stagnation mechanisms. - Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Developing a theory for stressed grain growth in polycrystalline thin films. • Implementation into a multiscale coupled finite-element and phase-field framework. • Quantitative reproduction of the experimental grain growth data by simulations. • Revealing the cause of texture transition to be due to the stagnation mechanisms.« less

Analysis of carbonated thin liquids in pediatric neurogenic dysphagia

PubMed Central

Lundine, Jennifer P.; Bates, David G.; Yin, Han

2015-01-01

Background Aspiration of liquids is a serious complication of neurological impairments such as traumatic brain injury or stroke. Carbonated liquids have been examined as a possible alternative to thickened liquids to help reduce aspiration in cases of dysphagia in adults, but no published literature to the best of our knowledge has evaluated this technique in children. If carbonated liquids result in safer swallowing in children, they could provide a preferred alternative to thickened liquids. Objective This pilot study examined whether carbonated thin liquids (CARB) improved swallowing compared to noncarbonated thin liquids (NOCARB) for children with neurogenic dysphagia. Materials and methods Twenty-four children admitted to a level I trauma center for acute neurological injury/disease were evaluated via videofluoroscopic swallow studies. Four descriptive outcome measures were contrasted. Results CARB significantly decreased pooling (P=0.0006), laryngeal penetration/aspiration (P=0.0044) and Penetration-Aspiration Scale scores (P=0.0127) when compared to NOCARB. On average, CARB improved scores on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale by 3.7 points for participants who aspirated NOCARB. There was no significant difference in pharyngeal residue noted between CARB and NOCARB (P=0.0625). Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis that carbonated thin liquids may provide an alternative to thickened liquids for children with neurogenic dysphagia. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. PMID:25758792

Towards environmentally benign approaches for the synthesis of CZTSSe nanocrystals by a hot injection method: a status review.

PubMed

Ghorpade, Uma; Suryawanshi, Mahesh; Shin, Seung Wook; Gurav, Kishor; Patil, Pramod; Pawar, Sambhaji; Hong, Chang Woo; Kim, Jin Hyeok; Kolekar, Sanjay

2014-10-07

With the earth's abundance of kesterite, recent progress in chalcogenide based Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1-x)4 (CZTSSe) thin films has drawn prime attention in thin film solar cells (TFSCs) research and development. This review is focused on the current developments in the synthesis of CZTS nanocrystals (NCs) using a hot injection (HI) technique and provides comprehensive discussions on the current status of CZTSSe TFSCs. This article begins with a description of the advantages of nanoparticulate based thin films, and then introduces the basics of this technique and the corresponding growth mechanism is also discussed. A brief overview further addresses a series of investigations on the developments in the HI based CZTSSe NCs using different solvents in terms of their high toxicity to environmentally benign materials. A variety of recipes and techniques for the NCs ink formulation and thereby the preparation of absorber layers using NC inks are outlined, respectively. The deposition of precursor thin films, post-deposition processes such as sulfurization or selenization treatments and the fabrication of CZTSSe NCs based solar cells and their performances are discussed. Finally, we discussed concluding remarks and the perspectives for further developments in the existing research on CZTSSe based nanoparticulate (NP) TFSCs towards future green technology.

48 CFR 47.305-9 - Commodity description and freight classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... freight classification. 47.305-9 Section 47.305-9 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... Commodity description and freight classification. (a) Generally, the freight rate for supplies is based on the rating applicable to the freight classification description published in the National Motor...

48 CFR 5416.203-1 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Description. 5416.203-1 Section 5416.203-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TYPES OF CONTRACTS Fixed Price Contracts 5416.203-1 Description. (a)(S-90) Adjustments based on...

44 CFR 334.5 - GMR system description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false GMR system description. 334.5 Section 334.5 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PREPAREDNESS GRADUATED MOBILIZATION RESPONSE § 334.5 GMR system description. The GMR...

14 CFR 1259.600 - Panel description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Panel description. 1259.600 Section 1259.600 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL SPACE GRANT COLLEGE AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM Space Grant Review Panel § 1259.600 Panel description. An independent committee...

40 CFR 158.330 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Description of production process. 158.330 Section 158.330 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.330 Description of production process. If...

48 CFR 5416.203-1 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Description. 5416.203-1 Section 5416.203-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TYPES OF CONTRACTS Fixed Price Contracts 5416.203-1 Description. (a)(S-90) Adjustments based on...

48 CFR 5416.203-1 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Description. 5416.203-1 Section 5416.203-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TYPES OF CONTRACTS Fixed Price Contracts 5416.203-1 Description. (a)(S-90) Adjustments based on...

48 CFR 5416.203-1 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Description. 5416.203-1 Section 5416.203-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TYPES OF CONTRACTS Fixed Price Contracts 5416.203-1 Description. (a)(S-90) Adjustments based on...

48 CFR 5416.203-1 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2013-10-01 2012-10-01 true Description. 5416.203-1 Section 5416.203-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE TYPES OF CONTRACTS Fixed Price Contracts 5416.203-1 Description. (a)(S-90) Adjustments based on...

14 CFR 1259.300 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Description. 1259.300 Section 1259.300 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL SPACE GRANT COLLEGE AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM National Needs Grants § 1259.300 Description. National needs awards may be awarded by the...

29 CFR 2400.2 - Description of agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Description of agency. 2400.2 Section 2400.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE PRIVACY ACT § 2400.2 Description of agency. The Commission adjudicates contested enforcement...

29 CFR 2400.2 - Description of agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Description of agency. 2400.2 Section 2400.2 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTING THE PRIVACY ACT § 2400.2 Description of agency. The Commission adjudicates contested enforcement...

48 CFR 214.202-5 - Descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Descriptive literature. 214.202-5 Section 214.202-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS... 214.202-5 Descriptive literature. (c) Requirements of invitation for bids. When brand name or equal...

48 CFR 214.202-5 - Descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Descriptive literature. 214.202-5 Section 214.202-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS... 214.202-5 Descriptive literature. (c) Requirements of invitation for bids. When brand name or equal...

48 CFR 214.202-5 - Descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Descriptive literature. 214.202-5 Section 214.202-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS... 214.202-5 Descriptive literature. (c) Requirements of invitation for bids. When brand name or equal...

48 CFR 214.202-5 - Descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Descriptive literature. 214.202-5 Section 214.202-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS... 214.202-5 Descriptive literature. (c) Requirements of invitation for bids. When brand name or equal...

40 CFR 158.330 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Description of production process. 158.330 Section 158.330 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.330 Description of production process. If...

40 CFR 158.330 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Description of production process. 158.330 Section 158.330 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.330 Description of production process. If...

40 CFR 158.330 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Description of production process. 158.330 Section 158.330 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.330 Description of production process. If...

40 CFR 158.330 - Description of production process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Description of production process. 158.330 Section 158.330 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.330 Description of production process. If...

48 CFR 214.202-5 - Descriptive literature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Descriptive literature. 214.202-5 Section 214.202-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS... 214.202-5 Descriptive literature. (c) Requirements of invitation for bids. When brand name or equal...

40 CFR 435.60 - Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory. 435.60 Section 435.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Stripper Subcategory § 435.60 Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory. The provisions of...

40 CFR 435.60 - Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory. 435.60 Section 435.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Stripper Subcategory § 435.60 Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory. The provisions of...

40 CFR 435.60 - Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory. 435.60 Section 435.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Stripper Subcategory § 435.60 Applicability; description of the stripper subcategory. The provisions of...

7 CFR 52.3751 - Product description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Product description. 52.3751 Section 52.3751... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CERTAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS 1 United States Standards for Grades of Canned Ripe Olives 1 Product Description...

7 CFR 52.3181 - Product description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Product description. 52.3181 Section 52.3181... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CERTAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS 1 United States Standards for Grades of Dried Prunes Product Description, Varietal...

7 CFR 52.1001 - Product description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Product description. 52.1001 Section 52.1001... MARKETING ACT OF 1946 PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CERTAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS 1 United States Standards for Grades of Dates Product Description, Styles, and...

Thin-sectioning and analysis of fine-grained meteoritic materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brooks, Donald A. (Editor); Bradley, John P.

1992-01-01

The overall theme of the work was the identification of the sources and formation/aggregation mechanisms of the various classes of interplanetary dust particles (IDP's) and to clarify the relationship between IDP's and conventional meteorites. IDP's are believed to be derived from a much broader range of parent bodies than conventional meteorites. Some of these parent bodies (e.g., comets) have escaped that post accretional processing that has affected the parent bodies of meteorites. Therefore, IDP's are likely to preserve a record of early solar system and possibly presolar grain forming reactions. Using analytical electron microscopy (AEM) and more recently micro-infrared (IR) microspectroscopy to examine ultramicrotomed thin sections, we have addressed the questions of IDP formation mechanisms, sources, and their relationship to conventional meteorites. The following sections describe specific findings resulting from these studies.

Gender-Related Discourses as Mediators in the Association between Internalization of the Thin-Body Ideal and Indicants of Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Todd G.; Sheahan, Emer E.

2009-01-01

This study examined whether the gender-related discourses of self-objectification, self-silencing, and anger suppression mediated the association between internalization of the thin-body ideal and body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. We employed a cross-sectional design to study both university (n = 140) and community (n = 76) samples of…

Effects of late rotation thinning on light availability and red oak regeneration within a minor stream bottom in Mississippi

Treesearch

Ellen M. Boerger; Brent R. Frey; Andrew W. Ezell; Tracy Hawkins

2015-01-01

Recent studies suggest a troubling decline in the abundance of red oak species (Quercus spp., Section Erythrobalanus) in bottomland forests of the southeastern United States. We assessed red oak advance regeneration and associated tree species in relation to light availability in a 77-year-old oak-dominated stand 5 years after late rotation thinning. Residual basal...

Equations for description of nonlinear standing waves in constant-cross-sectioned resonators.

PubMed

Bednarik, Michal; Cervenka, Milan

2014-03-01

This work is focused on investigation of applicability of two widely used model equations for description of nonlinear standing waves in constant-cross-sectioned resonators. The investigation is based on the comparison of numerical solutions of these model equations with solutions of more accurate model equations whose validity has been verified experimentally in a number of published papers.

Research and Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Johnson Space Center (JSC) accomplishments in new and advanced concepts during 1989 are highlighted. This year, reports are grouped in sections, Medical Science, Solar System Sciences, Space Transportation Technology, and Space Systems Technology. Summary sections describing the role of JSC in each program are followed by descriptions of significant tasks. Descriptions are suitable for external consumption, free of technical jargon, and illustrated to increase ease of comprehension.

Radiation sensitivity of graphene field effect transistors and other thin film architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cazalas, Edward

An important contemporary motivation for advancing radiation detection science and technology is the need for interdiction of nuclear and radiological materials, which may be used to fabricate weapons of mass destruction. The detection of such materials by nuclear techniques relies on achieving high sensitivity and selectivity to X-rays, gamma-rays, and neutrons. To be attractive in field deployable instruments, it is desirable for detectors to be lightweight, inexpensive, operate at low voltage, and consume low power. To address the relatively low particle flux in most passive measurements for nuclear security applications, detectors scalable to large areas that can meet the high absolute detection efficiency requirements are needed. Graphene-based and thin-film-based radiation detectors represent attractive technologies that could meet the need for inexpensive, low-power, size-scalable detection architectures, which are sensitive to X-rays, gamma-rays, and neutrons. The utilization of graphene to detect ionizing radiation relies on the modulation of graphene charge carrier density by changes in local electric field, i.e. the field effect in graphene. Built on the principle of a conventional field effect transistor, the graphene-based field effect transistor (GFET) utilizes graphene as a channel and a semiconducting substrate as an absorber medium with which the ionizing radiation interacts. A radiation interaction event that deposits energy within the substrate creates electron-hole pairs, which modify the electric field and modulate graphene charge carrier density. A detection event in a GFET is therefore measured as a change in graphene resistance or current. Thin (micron-scale) films can also be utilized for radiation detection of thermal neutrons provided nuclides with high neutron absorption cross section are present with appreciable density. Detection in thin-film detectors could be realized through the collection of charge carriers generated within the film by slowing-down of neutron capture reaction products. The objective of this dissertation is to develop, characterize, and optimize novel graphene-based and thin-film radiation detectors. The dissertation includes a review of relevant physics, comprehensive descriptions and discussions of the experimental campaigns that were conducted, computational simulations, and detailed analysis of certain processes occurring in graphene-based and thin-film radiation detectors that significantly affect their response characteristics. Experiments have been conducted to characterize the electrical properties of GFETs and their responsivity to radiation of different types, such as visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray photons, and alpha particles. The nature of graphene hysteretic effects under operational conditions has been studied. Spatially dependent sensitivity of GFETs to irradiation has been experimentally investigated using both a focused laser beam and focused X-ray microbeam. A model has been developed that deterministically simulates the mechanisms of charge transport within the GFET substrate and explains the experimental finding that the effective area of the GFET significantly exceeds the size of graphene. Monte Carlo simulations were also carried out to examine the efficacy of thin-film radiation detectors based on 10B-enriched boron nitride and Gd2O3 for neutron detection.

Plasmonic excitation-assisted optical and electric enhancement in ultra-thin solar cells: the influence of nano-strip cross section

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sabaeian, Mohammad, E-mail: sabaiean@scu.ac.ir; Heydari, Mehdi; Ajamgard, Narges

The effects of Ag nano-strips with triangle, rectangular and trapezoid cross sections on the optical absorption, generation rate, and short-circuit current density of ultra-thin solar cells were investigated. By putting the nano-strips as a grating structure on the top of the solar cells, the waveguide, surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and localized surface plasmon (LSP) modes, which are excited with the assistance of nano-strips, were evaluated in TE and TM polarizations. The results show, firstly, the TM modes are more influential than TE modes in optical and electrical properties enhancement of solar cell, because of plasmonic excitations in TM mode. Secondly,more » the trapezoid nano-strips reveal noticeable impact on the optical absorption, generation rate, and short-circuit current density enhancement than triangle and rectangular ones. In particular, the absorption of long wavelengths which is a challenge in ultra-thin solar cells is significantly improved by using Ag trapezoid nano-strips.« less

22 CFR 192.22 - Description of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Description of benefits. 192.22 Section 192.22 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE HOSTAGE RELIEF VICTIMS OF TERRORISM COMPENSATION Application of Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act to Captive Situations § 192.22 Description of benefits. The...

40 CFR 435.40 - Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory. 435.40 Section 435.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Coastal Subcategory § 435.40 Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory. The provisions of this...

40 CFR 435.40 - Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory. 435.40 Section 435.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Coastal Subcategory § 435.40 Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory. The provisions of this...

40 CFR 435.40 - Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory. 435.40 Section 435.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Coastal Subcategory § 435.40 Applicability; description of the coastal subcategory. The provisions of this...

42 CFR 457.1 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) STATE CHILDREN'S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAMS (SCHIPs) ALLOTMENTS AND GRANTS TO STATES Introduction; State Plans for Child Health Insurance Programs and Outreach Strategies § 457.1 Program description. Title XXI... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Program description. 457.1 Section 457.1 Public...

40 CFR 426.60 - Applicability; description of the automotive glass tempering subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the automotive glass tempering subcategory. 426.60 Section 426.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Automotive Glass Tempering Subcategory § 426.60 Applicability; description of the automotive glass...

40 CFR 426.60 - Applicability; description of the automotive glass tempering subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the automotive glass tempering subcategory. 426.60 Section 426.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Automotive Glass Tempering Subcategory § 426.60 Applicability; description of the automotive glass...

40 CFR 426.60 - Applicability; description of the automotive glass tempering subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the automotive glass tempering subcategory. 426.60 Section 426.60 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Automotive Glass Tempering Subcategory § 426.60 Applicability; description of the automotive glass...

14 CFR 1259.600 - Panel description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Panel description. 1259.600 Section 1259.600 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL SPACE GRANT COLLEGE AND FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM Space Grant Review Panel § 1259.600 Panel description. An independent committee, the Space...

42 CFR 430.0 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Program description. 430.0 Section 430.0 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... Provisions § 430.0 Program description. Title XIX of the Social Security Act, enacted in 1965, authorizes...

42 CFR 430.0 - Program description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Program description. 430.0 Section 430.0 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED... Provisions § 430.0 Program description. Title XIX of the Social Security Act, enacted in 1965, authorizes...

4 CFR 202.1 - Description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 4 Accounts 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Description. 202.1 Section 202.1 Accounts RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD OFFICIAL SEAL § 202.1 Description. (a) The official seal of the Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board (Board) is described as follows: The American Eagle, right facing, with...

42 CFR 409.5 - General description of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General description of benefits. 409.5 Section 409... MEDICARE PROGRAM HOSPITAL INSURANCE BENEFITS Hospital Insurance Benefits: General Provisions § 409.5 General description of benefits. Hospital insurance (Part A of Medicare) helps pay for inpatient hospital...

7 CFR 52.801 - Product description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Product description. 52.801 Section 52.801 Agriculture... PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CERTAIN OTHER PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS 1 United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Red Tart Pitted Cherries Product Description and Grades § 52...

Chemistry and Microtextures of Melt Pockets in the Los Angeles Basaltic Shergottite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walton, E. L.; Spray, J. G.

2002-01-01

Los Angeles is a non-brecciated, highly shocked basaltic shergottite. The shock effects in Los Angeles can be classified into two basic types: (1) mechanical deformations and transformations that take place essentially in the solid state, and (2) localized regions of shock melting forming glassy to microcrystal line enclaves. A brief description of the former type, based largely on optical observations, is given. The complete transformation of plagioclase to maskelynite, mosaicism and planar fracturing of clinopyroxenes, pyrrhotite veins within clinopyroxene, polycrystallinity of some pyrrhotite grains, and a 350 pinlong fault with approximately 15-micrometer displacement is described. These results are in agreement with this study. This work presents a detailed description of the shock-related microtexture and mineralogy of the localized melt pockets which have formed by in situ melting of local mineral phases. The melt pockets range from 3 mm x 3 min 0.07 mm x 1.25 mm, in direct contact with the host matrix. Two polished thin sections of stone 1 (1.3 cm x 1 cm, 2.1 cm x 1.2 cm) have been investigated to determine the mineralogy and microtextures of the shock-induced melt pockets using a JEOL 6400 digital scanning electron microscope equipped with a Link Analytical eXL energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) fitted with a Si (Li) LZ-4 Pentafet detector, and a FEG-SEM equipped with the In-Lens Thermal FEG which produces high probe current sufficient for EBSP, WDS, and EDS. These instruments are capable of characterizing compositional variations and microtextures of the melt pockets that are unresolvable using optical techniques.

Success and failure of the plasma analogy for Laughlin states on a torus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fremling, Mikael

2017-01-01

We investigate the nature of the plasma analogy for the Laughlin wave function on a torus describing the quantum Hall plateau at ν =\\frac{1}{q} . We first establish, as expected, that the plasma is screening if there are no short nontrivial paths around the torus. We also find that when one of the handles has a short circumference—i.e. the thin-torus limit—the plasma no longer screens. To quantify this we compute the normalization of the Laughlin state, both numerically and analytically. In the thin torus limit, the analytical form of the normalization simplify and we can reconstruct the normalization and analytically extend it back into the 2D regime. We find that there are geometry dependent corrections to the normalization, and this in turn implies that the plasma in the plasma analogy is not screening when in the thin torus limit. Despite the breaking of the plasma analogy in this limit, the analytical approximation is still a good description of the normalization for all tori, and also allows us to compute hall viscosity at intermediate thickness.

Tetrad pollen formation in Annona (Annonaceae): proexine formation andbinding mechanism.

PubMed

Tsou, Chih-Hua; Fu, Yu-Lan

2002-05-01

Meiotic tetrads of Annona glabra and A. montana build up a well-developed proexine (protectum, probaculum, and pronexine) at the proximal side but only a thin pronexine at the distal side during the tetrad stage. The callosic envelope is only partially digested by the end of tetrad stage. The remaining, undigested part is composed of the intersporal mass and thin peripheral layers, and the latter is conjunct with the distal pronexine of the microspore. In this remaining callosic structure celluloses are also present. Later on, due to the continuous slow decomposition of this callose-cellulose structure and microspore expansion, microspores break up the callose-cellulose envelope. Because all the four microspores are bound together by the callose-cellulose structure, they move out of the chamber in rotation. Eventually the thin pronexine is pulled toward the center of the tetrad and the well-developed proexine becomes the distal wall. These descriptions of the partial digestion of callosic envelope, the transformation from a callose-cellulose structure to the binding system of tetrad pollen, and microspore rotation in Annona are unusual in the angiosperms.

Application of random seismic inversion method based on tectonic model in thin sand body research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dianju, W.; Jianghai, L.; Qingkai, F.

2017-12-01

The oil and gas exploitation at Songliao Basin, Northeast China have already progressed to the period with high water production. The previous detailed reservoir description that based on seismic image, sediment core, borehole logging has great limitations in small scale structural interpretation and thin sand body characterization. Thus, precise guidance for petroleum exploration is badly in need of a more advanced method. To do so, we derived the method of random seismic inversion constrained by tectonic model.It can effectively improve the depicting ability of thin sand bodies, combining numerical simulation techniques, which can credibly reducing the blindness of reservoir analysis from the whole to the local and from the macroscopic to the microscopic. At the same time, this can reduce the limitations of the study under the constraints of different geological conditions of the reservoir, accomplish probably the exact estimation for the effective reservoir. Based on the research, this paper has optimized the regional effective reservoir evaluation and the productive location adjustment of applicability, combined with the practical exploration and development in Aonan oil field.

Thin-sectioning and microanalysis of individual extraterrestrial particles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, J. P.

1986-01-01

A long standing constraint on the study of micrometeorites has centered on difficulties in preparing them for analysis. This is due largely to their small dimensions and consequent practical limitations on sample manipulation. Chondritic micrometeorites provide a good example; although much has been learned about their chemistry and mineralogy almost nothing was known about such basic properties as texture and petrographic associations. The only way to assess such properties is to examine microstructure indigenous to the particles. Unfortunately, almost all micrometeorites, out of necessity, have been crushed and dispersed onto appropriate substances prior to analysis, and most information about texture and petrography was lost. Recently, thin-sections of individual extraterrestrial particles have been prepared using an ultramicrotome equipped with a diamond knife. This procedure has been applied to stratospheric micrometeorites and Solar Max impact debris. In both cases the sections have enabled observation of a variety of internal particle features, including textures, porosity, and petrographic associations. The sectioning procedure is described and analysis results for chondritic micrometeoroids and select particles from Solar Max are presented.

Effect of angle of deposition on the Fractal properties of ZnO thin film surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yadav, R. P.; Agarwal, D. C.; Kumar, Manvendra; Rajput, Parasmani; Tomar, D. S.; Pandey, S. N.; Priya, P. K.; Mittal, A. K.

2017-09-01

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared by atom beam sputtering at various deposition angles in the range of 20-75°. The deposited thin films were examined by glancing angle X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Scaling law analysis was performed on AFM images to show that the thin film surfaces are self-affine. Fractal dimension of each of the 256 vertical sections along the fast scan direction of a discretized surface, obtained from the AFM height data, was estimated using the Higuchi's algorithm. Hurst exponent was computed from the fractal dimension. The grain sizes, as determined by applying self-correlation function on AFM micrographs, varied with the deposition angle in the same manner as the Hurst exponent.

Handling Golgi-impregnated tissue for light microscopy.

PubMed

Berbel, P J; Fairén, A

1983-08-08

The use of cyanocrylic glue to fix pieces of Golgi-stained nervous tissue on a paraffin blank is proposed for obtaining thick sections of unembedded tissue with a sliding microtome. This procedure makes correct orientation of the tissue easy during sectioning and makes it possible to obtain tissue sections quickly. The sections are flat-mounted using epoxy resin, resulting in permanent preparations with excellent optical properties and enabling further thin-sectioning for light and electron microscopic studies.

The properties of thin-section, four-point-contact ball bearings in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rowntree, R. A.

1985-01-01

Thin section, four-point-contact ball bearings are increasinly employed in spacecraft mechanisms because of the potential advantages they offer. However, litte was previously known of their torque, thermal conductance and stiffness properties at conditions anticipated for their use in space. An investigation of these properties are described. It was found that frictional (Coulomb) torque, thermal conductance and stiffness all show marked dependence on the bearing preload, the housing design, the bearing external fit (i.e., free fit or interference) and on the thermal gradient across the races. Optimum bearing performance is achieved only if these properties are well understood. The necessary data to understand these properties are provided.

[Thin-section computed tomography of the bronchi; 2. Right upper lobe and left upper division].

PubMed

Matsuoka, Y; Ookubo, T; Ohtomo, K; Nishikawa, J; Kojima, K; Oyama, K; Yoshikawa, K; Iio, M

1990-02-01

Thin (2mm) section contiguous computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained through the bronchi of the right upper lobe and the left upper division in 30 patients. All segmental bronchi were identified. The right subsegmental bronchi were identified in 100%, and the left subsegmental bronchi in 97%. The type of the orifice of the right bronchus was trifurcated (53%), the extension of B1 was apicoanterior (50%), and the size of B2b was equal to B3a (63%). The extension of the left B3 was subapicoanterior (38%), and the size of B1+2c was equal to B3a (62%).

Space Shuttle Stiffener Ring Foam Failure, a Non-Conventional Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Philip M.

2007-01-01

The Space Shuttle makes use of the excellent properties of rigid polyurethane foam for cryogenic tank insulation and as structural protection on the solid rocket boosters. When foam applications debond, classical methods of analysis do not always provide root cause of the failure of the foam. Realizing that foam is the ideal media to document and preserve its own mode of failure, thin sectioning was seen as a logical approach for foam failure analysis. Thin sectioning in two directions, both horizontal and vertical to the application, was chosen to observe the three dimensional morphology of the foam cells. The cell foam morphology provided a much greater understanding of the failure modes than previously achieved.

Pieces of Other Worlds - Enhance YSS Education and Public Outreach Events with Extraterrestrial Samples

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, C.

2010-12-01

During the Year of the Solar System spacecraft will encounter two comets; orbit the asteroid Vesta, continue to explore Mars with rovers, and launch robotic explorers to the Moon and Mars. We have pieces of all these worlds in our laboratories. Extensive information about these unique materials, as well as actual lunar samples and meteorites, is available for display and education. The Johnson Space Center (JSC) curates NASA's extraterrestrial samples to support research, education, and public outreach. At the current time JSC curates five types of extraterrestrial samples: Moon rocks and soils collected by the Apollo astronauts Meteorites collected on US expeditions to Antarctica (including rocks from the Moon, Mars, and many asteroids including Vesta) “Cosmic dust” (asteroid and comet particles) collected by high-altitude aircraft Solar wind atoms collected by the Genesis spacecraft Comet and interstellar dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft These rocks, soils, dust particles, and atoms continue to be studied intensively by scientists around the world. Descriptions of the samples, research results, thousands of photographs, and information on how to request research samples are on the JSC Curation website: http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/ NASA is eager for scientists and the public to have access to these exciting samples through our various loan procedures. NASA provides a limited number of Moon rock samples for either short-term or long-term displays at museums, planetariums, expositions, and professional events that are open to the public. The JSC Public Affairs Office handles requests for such display samples. Requestors should apply in writing to Mr. Louis Parker, JSC Exhibits Manager. He will advise successful applicants regarding provisions for receipt, display, and return of the samples. All loans will be preceded by a signed loan agreement executed between NASA and the requestor's organization. Email address: louis.a.parker@nasa.gov Sets of twelve thin sections of Apollo lunar samples and sets of twelve thin sections of meteorites are available for short-term loan from JSC Curation. The thin sections are designed for use in college and university courses where petrographic microscopes are available for viewing. Requestors should contact Ms. Mary Luckey, Education Sample Curator. Email address: mary.k.luckey@nasa.gov NASA also loans sets of Moon rocks and meteorites for use in classrooms, libraries, museums and planetariums. Lunar samples (three soils and three rocks) are encapsulated in a six-inch diameter clear plastic disk. Disks containing six different samples of meteorites are also available. A CD with PowerPoint presentations, a classroom activity guide, and additional printed material accompany the disks. Educators may qualify for the use of these disks by attending a security certification workshop sponsored by NASA's Aerospace Education Services Program (AESP). Contact Ms. Margaret Maher, AESP Director. Email address: mjm67@psu.edu Please take advantage of the wealth of data and the samples that we have from an exciting variety of solar system bodies.

Kubiëna's heritage: worries and hopes about micropedology (Philippe Duchaufour Medal Lecture)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoops, Georges

2010-05-01

Kubiëna's book 'Micropedology' (1938) is considered as the start of soil micromorphology, providing the first concepts allowing a systematic description and comparison of soil thin sections as a central tool for understanding soil genesis and for soil classification. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the impact and the role of micromorphology in different fields of application, and to evaluate its progress as a discipline. The most important application in soil science has always been in the field of soil genesis. This is however affected by the declining interest (and sponsoring) for genesis nowadays. It remains however a must for studies on pedogenesis and weathering. After a strong impulse early in the nineteen sixties, caused by the study of many exotic soils and the development of new soil classification systems (7th Approximation, later Soil Taxonomy) the role of micromorphology declined together with the general interest in soil classification. Its break through as an instrument in classification did not realise. Several causes can be mentioned. On the base of experience gained in the fields of pedogenesis and classification, micromorphology became for geologists and geomorphologists an important instrument in palaeopedology, Quaternary geology and environmental reconstruction. The last two decades an enormous expansion of micromorphological studies has been noticed in the field of archaeology, not only related to ancient soils, but also to many anthropogenic materials. Archaeologists are probably the most intense users of this discipline now. Since the end of the nineteen sixties quantitative micromorphology (micromorphometry) was developed as a response to the demand for numerical data. It expanded mainly since the development of personal computers, but its wider use is essentially restricted to porosity studies related to soil physics. The complete absence of standardisation of methods and parameters hinders however its use and further expansion. Micromorphology proved also to be precious tool in monitoring experiments, both in the laboratory and in the field, often using quantitative data. Changes become visible in thin sections before they can be detected by other methods. Examples are studies on surface crust formation, effects of freezing, gypsum crystallisation and land management. Last years especially archaeologists contributed in these fields. It is also an excellent tool for controlling and interpreting data obtained by other methods. Analysis of literature and abstracts of congresses show that the last two decennia very few contributions were made related to development of micromorphological concepts and techniques. There are several causes for this situation. The bottleneck hindering use and expansion of micromorphology are both technical and theoretical. The main factors are the difficulty to acquire the necessary basic knowledge of optical techniques and micromorphological interpretation, and the difficulty to prepare good thin sections. Solutions are discussed, even as new opportunities for this discipline, at the benefit of different earth sciences.

41 CFR 101-29.221 - Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Description Program (Federal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... standardization program developed under authority of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949..., Standards and Commercial Item Description Program (Federal Standardization Program). 101-29.221 Section 101...-Definitions § 101-29.221 Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Description Program (Federal...

41 CFR 101-29.221 - Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Description Program (Federal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... standardization program developed under authority of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949..., Standards and Commercial Item Description Program (Federal Standardization Program). 101-29.221 Section 101...-Definitions § 101-29.221 Federal Specifications, Standards and Commercial Item Description Program (Federal...

31 CFR 332.2 - Description of bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Description of bonds. 332.2 Section 332.2 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE....2 Description of bonds. (a) General. Series H bonds bear a facsimile of the signature of the...

31 CFR 332.2 - Description of bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Description of bonds. 332.2 Section 332.2 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE....2 Description of bonds. (a) General. Series H bonds bear a facsimile of the signature of the...

31 CFR 332.2 - Description of bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Description of bonds. 332.2 Section 332.2 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE....2 Description of bonds. (a) General. Series H bonds bear a facsimile of the signature of the...

31 CFR 332.2 - Description of bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Description of bonds. 332.2 Section 332.2 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE....2 Description of bonds. (a) General. Series H bonds bear a facsimile of the signature of the...

30 CFR 250.413 - What must my description of well drilling design criteria address?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... design criteria address? 250.413 Section 250.413 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT... must my description of well drilling design criteria address? Your description of well drilling design... drilling and the completion phases, including the anticipated surface pressure used for designing the...

48 CFR 811.104 - Use of brand name or equal purchase descriptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Use of brand name or equal purchase descriptions. 811.104 Section 811.104 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... Requirements Documents 811.104 Use of brand name or equal purchase descriptions. ...

8 CFR 245a.30 - Description of program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Description of program. 245a.30 Section 245a.30 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS ADJUSTMENT OF... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.30 Description of program...

8 CFR 245a.30 - Description of program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Description of program. 245a.30 Section 245a.30 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS ADJUSTMENT OF... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.30 Description of program...

8 CFR 245a.30 - Description of program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Description of program. 245a.30 Section 245a.30 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS ADJUSTMENT OF... IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT LIFE Act Amendments Family Unity Provisions § 245a.30 Description of program...

10 CFR 1002.21 - Description of distinguishing flag.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Description of distinguishing flag. 1002.21 Section 1002.21 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) OFFICIAL SEAL AND DISTINGUISHING FLAG Distinguishing Flag § 1002.21 Description of distinguishing flag. (a) The base or field of the flag shall be...

40 CFR 158.325 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Description of materials used to produce the product. 158.325 Section 158.325 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.325 Description of...

76 FR 24820 - Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Review of Major Changes in Program Design and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-03

... estimated. The proposed rule will require that State agencies provide descriptive information regarding the... Burden on Respondents Section 272.12(3) requires that States provide both descriptive and analytic... analysis in the normal course of their own planning and decisionmaking. The descriptive information should...

40 CFR 461.70 - Applicability; description of the zinc subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the zinc subcategory. 461.70 Section 461.70 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) BATTERY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Zinc Subcategory § 461.70 Applicability; description...

40 CFR 461.70 - Applicability; description of the zinc subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the zinc subcategory. 461.70 Section 461.70 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) BATTERY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Zinc Subcategory § 461.70 Applicability; description...

40 CFR 461.70 - Applicability; description of the zinc subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the zinc subcategory. 461.70 Section 461.70 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) BATTERY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Zinc Subcategory § 461.70 Applicability; description...

40 CFR 158.325 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Description of materials used to produce the product. 158.325 Section 158.325 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.325 Description of...

40 CFR 158.325 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Description of materials used to produce the product. 158.325 Section 158.325 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.325 Description of...

40 CFR 158.325 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Description of materials used to produce the product. 158.325 Section 158.325 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.325 Description of...

40 CFR 158.325 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Description of materials used to produce the product. 158.325 Section 158.325 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDES Product Chemistry § 158.325 Description of...

47 CFR 95.23 - Mobile station description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mobile station description. 95.23 Section 95.23... SERVICES General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) § 95.23 Mobile station description. (a) A mobile station is... mobile station unit may transmit from any point within or over any areas where radio services are...

Synthesis of 2D Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films through the Process Involving Solution-Phase Deposition.

PubMed

Giri, Anupam; Park, Gyeongbae; Yang, Heeseung; Pal, Monalisa; Kwak, Junghyeok; Jeong, Unyong

2018-04-24

2D metal chalcogenide thin films have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical properties and great potential in a variety of applications. Synthesis of large-area 2D metal chalcogenide thin films in controllable ways remains a key challenge in this research field. Recently, the solution-based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenide thin films has emerged as an alternative approach to vacuum-based synthesis because it is relatively simple and easy to scale up for high-throughput production. In addition, solution-based thin films open new opportunities that cannot be achieved from vacuum-based thin films. Here, a comprehensive summary regarding the basic structures and properties of different types of 2D metal chalcogenides, the mechanistic details of the chemical reactions in the synthesis of the metal chalcogenide thin films, recent successes in the synthesis by different reaction approaches, and the applications and potential uses is provided. In the last perspective section, the technical challenges to be overcome and the future research directions in the solution-based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenides are discussed. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films and their applications for integrated capacitors, piezoelectric ultrasound transducers and piezoelectric switches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klee, M.; Boots, H.; Kumar, B.; van Heesch, C.; Mauczok, R.; Keur, W.; de Wild, M.; van Esch, H.; Roest, A. L.; Reimann, K.; van Leuken, L.; Wunnicke, O.; Zhao, J.; Schmitz, G.; Mienkina, M.; Mleczko, M.; Tiggelman, M.

2010-02-01

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films are gaining more and more importance for the integration of high performance devices in small modules. High-K 'Integrated Discretes' devices have been developed, which are based on thin film ferroelectric capacitors integrated together with resistors and ESD protection diodes in a small Si-based chip-scale package. Making use of ferroelectric thin films with relative permittivity of 950-1600 and stacking processes of capacitors, extremely high capacitance densities of 20-520 nF/mm2, high breakdown voltages up to 140 V and lifetimes of more than 10 years at operating voltages of 5 V and 85°C are achieved. Thin film high-density capacitors play also an important role as tunable capacitors for applications such as tuneable matching circuits for RF sections of mobile phones. The performance of thin film tuneable capacitors at frequencies between 1 MHz and 1 GHz is investigated. Finally thin film piezoelectric ultrasound transducers, processed in Si- related processes, are attractive for medical imaging, since they enable large bandwidth (>100%), high frequency operation and have the potential to integrate electronics. With these piezoelectric thin film ultrasound transducers real time ultrasound images have been realized. Finally, piezoelectric thin films are used to manufacture galvanic MEMS switches. A model for the quasi-static mechanical behaviour is presented and compared with measurements.

Computer Program for Steady Transonic Flow over Thin Airfoils by Finite Elements

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-10-01

COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR STEADY JJ TRANSONIC FLOW OVER THIN AIRFOILS BY g FINITE ELEMENTS • *q^^ r ̂ c HUNTSVILLE RESEARCH & ENGINEERING CENTER...jglMMi B Jun’ INC ORGANIMTION NAME ANO ADDRESS Lö^kfteed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Huntsville Research & Engineering Center,^ Huntsville, Alab...This report was prepared by personnel in the Computational Mechamcs Section of the Lockheed Missiles fc Space Company, Inc.. Huntsville Research

An image warping technique for rodent brain MRI-histology registration based on thin-plate splines with landmark optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yutong; Uberti, Mariano; Dou, Huanyu; Mosley, R. Lee; Gendelman, Howard E.; Boska, Michael D.

2009-02-01

Coregistration of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histology provides validation of disease biomarker and pathobiology studies. Although thin-plate splines are widely used in such image registration, point landmark selection is error prone and often time-consuming. We present a technique to optimize landmark selection for thin-plate splines and demonstrate its usefulness in warping rodent brain MRI to histological sections. In this technique, contours are drawn on the corresponding MRI slices and images of histological sections. The landmarks are extracted from the contours by equal spacing then optimized by minimizing a cost function consisting of the landmark displacement and contour curvature. The technique was validated using simulation data and brain MRI-histology coregistration in a murine model of HIV-1 encephalitis. Registration error was quantified by calculating target registration error (TRE). The TRE of approximately 8 pixels for 20-80 landmarks without optimization was stable at different landmark numbers. The optimized results were more accurate at low landmark numbers (TRE of approximately 2 pixels for 50 landmarks), while the accuracy decreased (TRE approximately 8 pixels for larger numbers of landmarks (70- 80). The results demonstrated that registration accuracy decreases with the increasing landmark numbers offering more confidence in MRI-histology registration using thin-plate splines.

Berkovich Nanoindentation on AlN Thin Films

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Berkovich nanoindentation-induced mechanical deformation mechanisms of AlN thin films have been investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) techniques. AlN thin films are deposited on the metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) derived Si-doped (2 × 1017 cm−3) GaN template by using the helicon sputtering system. The XTEM samples were prepared by means of focused ion beam (FIB) milling to accurately position the cross-section of the nanoindented area. The hardness and Young’s modulus of AlN thin films were measured by a Berkovich nanoindenter operated with the continuous contact stiffness measurements (CSM) option. The obtained values of the hardness and Young’s modulus are 22 and 332 GPa, respectively. The XTEM images taken in the vicinity regions just underneath the indenter tip revealed that the multiple “pop-ins” observed in the load–displacement curve during loading are due primarily to the activities of dislocation nucleation and propagation. The absence of discontinuities in the unloading segments of load–displacement curve suggests that no pressure-induced phase transition was involved. Results obtained in this study may also have technological implications for estimating possible mechanical damages induced by the fabrication processes of making the AlN-based devices. PMID:20672096

Selective Electron Beam Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V Strips: Effect of Build Orientation, Columnar Grain Orientation, and Hot Isostatic Pressing on Tensile Properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, J.; Tang, H. P.; Yang, K.; Liu, N.; Jia, L.; Qian, M.

2018-03-01

Many novel designs for additive manufacturing (AM) contain thin-walled (≤ 3 mm) sections in different orientations. Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is particularly suited to AM of such thin-walled titanium components because of its high preheating temperature and high vacuum. However, experimental data on SEBM of Ti-6Al-4V thin sections remains scarce because of the difficulty and high cost of producing long, thin and smooth strip tensile specimens (see Fig. 1). In this study, 80 SEBM Ti-6Al-4V strips (180 mm long, 42 mm wide, 3 mm thick) were built both vertically (V-strips) and horizontally (H-strips). Their density, microstructure and tensile properties were investigated. The V-strips showed clearly higher tensile strengths but lower elongation than the H-strips. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) produced the same lamellar α-β microstructures in terms of the average α-lath thickness in both types of strips. The retained prior-β columnar grain boundaries after HIP showed no measurable influence on the tensile properties, irrespective of their length and orientation, because of the formation of randomly distributed fine α-laths.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

Optical filters for linearly polarized light using sculptured nematic thin flim of TiO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muhammad, Zahir; Wali, Faiz; Rehman, Zia ur

2018-05-01

A study of optical filters using sculptured nematic thin films is presented in this article. A central 90◦ twist-defect between two sculptured nematic thin films (SNTFs) sections transmit light of same polarization state and reflect other in the spectral Bragg regime. The SNTFs reflect light of both linearly polarized states in the Bragg regime if the amplitude of modulation of vapor incident angle is increased. A twist-defect in a tilt-modulated sculptured nematic thin films as a result produces bandpass or ultra-narrow bandpass filter depending upon the thickness of the SNTFs. However, both the bandpass or/and ultra-narrow bandpass filters can make polarization-insensitive Bragg mirrors by the appropriate modulation of the tilted 2D nanostructures of a given sculptured nematic thin films. Moreover, it is also observed that the sculptured nematic thin films are very tolerant of the structural defects if the amplitude of modulating vapor incident angle of the structural nano-materials is sufficiently large. Similarly, we observed the affect of incident angles on Bragg filters.

Holographic multiverse and conformal invariance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garriga, Jaume; Vilenkin, Alexander, E-mail: jaume.garriga@ub.edu, E-mail: vilenkin@cosmos.phy.tufts.edu

2009-11-01

We consider a holographic description of the inflationary multiverse, according to which the wave function of the universe is interpreted as the generating functional for a lower dimensional Euclidean theory. We analyze a simple model where transitions between inflationary vacua occur through bubble nucleation, and the inflating part of spacetime consists of de Sitter regions separated by thin bubble walls. In this model, we present some evidence that the dual theory is conformally invariant in the UV.

Optimal Shakedown of the Thin-Wall Metal Structures Under Strength and Stiffness Constraints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alawdin, Piotr; Liepa, Liudas

2017-06-01

Classical optimization problems of metal structures confined mainly with 1st class cross-sections. But in practice it is common to use the cross-sections of higher classes. In this paper, a new mathematical model for described shakedown optimization problem for metal structures, which elements are designed from 1st to 4th class cross-sections, under variable quasi-static loads is presented. The features of limited plastic redistribution of forces in the structure with thin-walled elements there are taken into account. Authors assume the elastic-plastic flexural buckling in one plane without lateral torsional buckling behavior of members. Design formulae for Methods 1 and 2 for members are analyzed. Structures stiffness constrains are also incorporated in order to satisfy the limit serviceability state requirements. With the help of mathematical programming theory and extreme principles the structure optimization algorithm is developed and justified with the numerical experiment for the metal plane frames.

The Cellient System for Paraffin Histology Can Be Combined with HPV Testing and Morphotyping the Vaginal Microbiome Thanks to BoonFixing

PubMed Central

Boon, Mathilde E.

2013-01-01

The Cellient Automated Cell Block System (Hologic) can be used to process cervical scrapes to paraffin sections. For the first study on this subject, cervical scrapes were fixed in the formalin-free fixative BoonFix. This pilot study was limited to cases classified as atypical squamous lesion of unknown significance (ASCUS) and high-grade squamous lesion (HSIL) as diagnosed in the ThinPrep slide. The Cellient paraffin sections were classified into negative, atypical, CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3. Multiple HPV genotypes were encountered in 79% of the scrapes. This study showed that the Cellient system for paraffin sections can be combined with HPV testing thanks to the formalin-free BoonFix. In two additional studies it was shown that such samples can also be used for morphotyping the vaginal microbiome and preparing cytologic ThinPrep slides. PMID:23577033

The Cellient System for Paraffin Histology Can Be Combined with HPV Testing and Morphotyping the Vaginal Microbiome Thanks to BoonFixing.

PubMed

Boon, Mathilde E

2013-01-01

The Cellient Automated Cell Block System (Hologic) can be used to process cervical scrapes to paraffin sections. For the first study on this subject, cervical scrapes were fixed in the formalin-free fixative BoonFix. This pilot study was limited to cases classified as atypical squamous lesion of unknown significance (ASCUS) and high-grade squamous lesion (HSIL) as diagnosed in the ThinPrep slide. The Cellient paraffin sections were classified into negative, atypical, CIN 1, CIN 2, and CIN 3. Multiple HPV genotypes were encountered in 79% of the scrapes. This study showed that the Cellient system for paraffin sections can be combined with HPV testing thanks to the formalin-free BoonFix. In two additional studies it was shown that such samples can also be used for morphotyping the vaginal microbiome and preparing cytologic ThinPrep slides.

Complete Status Report Documenting Development of Friction Stir Welding for Joining Thin Wall Tubing of ODS Alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoelzer, David T.; Bunn, Jeffrey R.; Gussev, Maxim N.

The development of friction stir welding (FSW) for joining thin sections of the advanced oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) 14YWT ferritic alloy was initiated in Fuel Cycle Research and Development (FCRD), now the Nuclear Technology Research and Development (NTRD), in 2015. The first FSW experiment was conducted in late FY15 and successfully produced a bead-on-plate stir zone (SZ) on a 1 mm thick plate of 14YWT (SM13 heat). The goal of this research task is to ultimately demonstrate that FSW is a feasible method for joining thin wall (0.5 mm thick) tubing of 14YWT.

Behavior of thin-walled beams made of advanced composite materials and incorporating non-classical effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Librescu, Liviu; Song, Ohseop

1991-11-01

Several results concerning the refined theory of thin-walled beams of arbitrary closed cross-section incorporating nonclassical effects are presented. These effects are related both with the exotic properties characterizing the advanced composite material structures and the nonuniform torsional model. A special case of the general equations is used to study several problems of cantilevered thin-walled beams and to assess the influence of the incorporated effects. The results presented in this paper could be useful toward a more rational design of aeronautical or aerospace constructions, as well as of helicopter or tilt rotor blades constructed of advanced composite materials.

Stratigraphic framework of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in the central Appalachian Basin from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, West Virginia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ryder, Robert T.; Harris, Anita G.; Repetski, John E.; revised and digitized by Crangle, Robert D.

2003-01-01

A 275-mi-long restored stratigraphic cross section from Medina County, Ohio, through southwestern and south-central Pennsylvania to Hampshire County, W. Va., provides new details on Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy in the central Appalachian basin and the structure of underlying Precambrian basement rocks. From west to east, the major structural elements of the block-faulted basement in this section are (1) the relatively stable, slightly extended craton, which includes the Wooster arch, (2) the fault-controlled Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone, which separates the craton from the adjoining Rome trough, (3) the Rome trough, which consists of an east-facing asymmetric graben and an overlying sag basin, and (4) a positive fault block, named here the South-central Pennsylvania arch, which borders the eastern margin of the graben part of the Rome trough. Pre-Middle Ordovician structural relief on Precambrian basement rocks across the down-to-the-west normal fault that separates the Rome trough and the adjoining South-central Pennsylvania arch amounted to between 6,000 and 7,000 ft. The restored cross section shows eastward thickening of the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence from about 3,000 ft near the crest of the Wooster arch at the western end of the section to about 5,150 ft at the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone adjoining the western margin of the Rome trough to about 19,800 ft near the depositional axis of the Rome trough. East of the Rome trough, at the adjoining western edge of the South-central Pennsylvania arch, the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence thins abruptly to about 13,500 ft and then thins gradually eastward across the arch to about 12,700 ft near the Allegheny structural front and to about 10,150 ft at the eastern end of the restored section. In general, the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence along this section consists of four major lithofacies that are predominantly shallow marine to peritidal in origin. In ascending stratigraphic order, the lithofacies are identified by the following descriptive names: (1) sandstone, shale, limestone, and dolomite unit, (2) dolomite and sandstone unit, (3) limestone and black shale unit, and (4) shale and sandstone unit. Each of these units and their associated subunits thicken from west to east across the restored section to a maximum near the depositional axis of the Rome trough and then thin eastward to the end of the section. The sandstone, shale, limestone, and dolomite unit is largely confined to the asymmetric graben that marks the initial phase of the Rome trough. This unit is Early and Middle Cambrian in age and consists, in ascending order, of a basal sandstone unit (undrilled but probably present), the Tomstown Dolomite (undrilled but probably present), the Waynesboro Formation, and the Pleasant Hill Limestone and its equivalent lower one-third of the Elbrook Formation at the eastern end of the section. The dolomite and sandstone unit forms the core of the Cambrian and Ordovician sequence. In the Rome trough and on the adjoining South-central Pennsylvania arch, this unit consists, in ascending order, of the Middle and Upper Cambrian Warrior Formation and the equivalent upper two-thirds of the Elbrook Formation at the eastern end of the section, the Upper Cambrian Gatesburg Formation, and the Lower Ordovician and Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian and Chazyan) Beekmantown Group. West of the Ohio-West Virginia hinge zone, the dolomite and sandstone unit consists, in ascending order, of the Conasauga Formation of Janssens (1973), the Krysik sandstone of driller's usage, the B zone of Calvert (1964), the Knox Dolomite and the associated Rose Run Sandstone Member, and the Wells Creek Formation. The widespread Knox unconformity is located at the base of the Wells Creek Formation and at or near the top of the adjoining Beekmantown Group, except near the depositional axis of the Rome trough, where the unconformity seems to be absent. The limestone and black shale unit i

A unified viscous theory of lift and drag of 2-D thin airfoils and 3-D thin wings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yates, John E.

1991-01-01

A unified viscous theory of 2-D thin airfoils and 3-D thin wings is developed with numerical examples. The viscous theory of the load distribution is unique and tends to the classical inviscid result with Kutta condition in the high Reynolds number limit. A new theory of 2-D section induced drag is introduced with specific applications to three cases of interest: (1) constant angle of attack; (2) parabolic camber; and (3) a flapped airfoil. The first case is also extended to a profiled leading edge foil. The well-known drag due to absence of leading edge suction is derived from the viscous theory. It is independent of Reynolds number for zero thickness and varies inversely with the square root of the Reynolds number based on the leading edge radius for profiled sections. The role of turbulence in the section induced drag problem is discussed. A theory of minimum section induced drag is derived and applied. For low Reynolds number the minimum drag load tends to the constant angle of attack solution and for high Reynolds number to an approximation of the parabolic camber solution. The parabolic camber section induced drag is about 4 percent greater than the ideal minimum at high Reynolds number. Two new concepts, the viscous induced drag angle and the viscous induced separation potential are introduced. The separation potential is calculated for three 2-D cases and for a 3-D rectangular wing. The potential is calculated with input from a standard doublet lattice wing code without recourse to any boundary layer calculations. Separation is indicated in regions where it is observed experimentally. The classical induced drag is recovered in the 3-D high Reynolds number limit with an additional contribution that is Reynold number dependent. The 3-D viscous theory of minimum induced drag yields an equation for the optimal spanwise and chordwise load distribution. The design of optimal wing tip planforms and camber distributions is possible with the viscous 3-D wing theory.

The thin section rock physics: Modeling and measurement of seismic wave velocity on the slice of carbonates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wardaya, P. D.; Noh, K. A. B. M.; Yusoff, W. I. B. W.; Ridha, S.; Nurhandoko, B. E. B.

2014-09-01

This paper discusses a new approach for investigating the seismic wave velocity of rock, specifically carbonates, as affected by their pore structures. While the conventional routine of seismic velocity measurement highly depends on the extensive laboratory experiment, the proposed approach utilizes the digital rock physics view which lies on the numerical experiment. Thus, instead of using core sample, we use the thin section image of carbonate rock to measure the effective seismic wave velocity when travelling on it. In the numerical experiment, thin section images act as the medium on which wave propagation will be simulated. For the modeling, an advanced technique based on artificial neural network was employed for building the velocity and density profile, replacing image's RGB pixel value with the seismic velocity and density of each rock constituent. Then, ultrasonic wave was simulated to propagate in the thin section image by using finite difference time domain method, based on assumption of an acoustic-isotropic medium. Effective velocities were drawn from the recorded signal and being compared to the velocity modeling from Wyllie time average model and Kuster-Toksoz rock physics model. To perform the modeling, image analysis routines were undertaken for quantifying the pore aspect ratio that is assumed to represent the rocks pore structure. In addition, porosity and mineral fraction required for velocity modeling were also quantified by using integrated neural network and image analysis technique. It was found that the Kuster-Toksoz gives the closer prediction to the measured velocity as compared to the Wyllie time average model. We also conclude that Wyllie time average that does not incorporate the pore structure parameter deviates significantly for samples having more than 40% porosity. Utilizing this approach we found a good agreement between numerical experiment and theoretically derived rock physics model for estimating the effective seismic wave velocity of rock.

Coal conversion: description of technologies and necessary biomedical and environmental research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1976-08-01

This document contains a description of the biomedical and environmental research necessary to ensure the timely attainment of coal conversion technologies amenable to man and his environment. The document is divided into three sections. The first deals with the types of processes currently being considered for development; the data currently available on composition of product, process and product streams, and their potential effects; and problems that might arise from transportation and use of products. Section II is concerned with a description of the necessary research in each of the King-Muir categories, while the third section presents the research strategies necessarymore » to assess the potential problems at the conversion plant (site specific) and those problems that might effect the general public and environment as a result of the operation of large-scale coal conversion plants.« less

Performance of Magnetic Penetration Thermometers for X-Ray Astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nagler, P. C.; Adams, J. S.; Balvin, M. A.; Bandler, S. R.; Denis, K. L.; Hsieh, W. T.; Kelly, D. P.; Porst, J. P.; Sadleir, J. E.; Seidel, G. M.;

Time-resolved structural dynamics of thin metal films heated with femtosecond optical pulses.

PubMed

Chen, Jie; Chen, Wei-Kan; Tang, Jau; Rentzepis, Peter M

2011-11-22

We utilize 100 fs optical pulses to induce ultrafast disorder of 35- to 150-nm thick single Au(111) crystals and observe the subsequent structural evolution using 0.6-ps, 8.04-keV X-ray pulses. Monitoring the picosecond time-dependent modulation of the X-ray diffraction intensity, width, and shift, we have measured directly electron/phonon coupling, phonon/lattice interaction, and a histogram of the lattice disorder evolution, such as lattice breath due to a pressure wave propagating at sonic velocity, lattice melting, and recrystallization, including mosaic formation. Results of theoretical simulations agree and support the experimental data of the lattice/liquid phase transition process. These time-resolved X-ray diffraction data provide a detailed description of all the significant processes induced by ultrafast laser pulses impinging on thin metallic single crystals.

Micromorphological investigations of the Late Quaternary loess-paleosol sequences of the Kashmir Valley, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dar, Reyaz Ahmad; Chandra, Rakesh; Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad; Kowser, Nazia

2015-11-01

The loess-paleosol sequences of the Karewa Group preserve a valuable repository of the Late Quaternary climatic changes and the landscape evolution history of the Karewa Basin of Kashmir Valley in their lithological and pedogenic records. Three representative loess-paleosol sections at Shankerpora (SP), Khan Sahib (KS) and Pattan (PT) localities were chosen for detailed lithostratigraphic fieldwork and micromorphological observations of thin sections. Lithostratigraphic analysis revealed lateral and vertical variation in thickness and number of paleosol profiles from south-west to north-west of the Karewa Basin suggesting the availability of land-surface for periodic loess deposition. The SP section is marked by 6 (SP-S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S12), KS section by 3 (KS-S2, S4, S5) and PT section by 2 (PT-S1, S3) thick mature paleosol profiles. Theses paleosols have well developed 'Ah' and 'Btk' horizons representing prolonged land-surface stability when pedogenic processes outpace loess deposition. On the other hand comparatively thin to thick paleosol profiles represent weak to moderate pedogenic maturity indicating short stratigraphic breaks with rapid loess deposition. Micromorphological observations of thin sections suggested that clay illuviation and CaCO3 accumulation have operated within the paleosol profiles. CaCO3 features are often associated with clay coatings suggesting decalcification of carbonates followed by clay illuviation. Pedogenic CaCO3 probably resulted from the precipitation of the soil solution near the average depth of wetting front. The pedogenic CaCO3, illuvial clay, mottles, iron manganese features, pedal microstructure and blocky aggregates reveal variation in the pedogenic maturity among and within the loess-paleosol sections. The morphological (both micro- and macro-morphological) attributes of loess-paleosols suggest variation of climatic conditions during the Late Quaternary period in the Karewa Basin of Kashmir Valley, India.

Leveraging Clinical Imaging Archives for Radiomics: Reliability of Automated Methods for Brain Volume Measurement.

PubMed

Adduru, Viraj R; Michael, Andrew M; Helguera, Maria; Baum, Stefi A; Moore, Gregory J

2017-09-01

Purpose To validate the use of thick-section clinically acquired magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data for estimating total brain volume (TBV), gray matter (GM) volume (GMV), and white matter (WM) volume (WMV) by using three widely used automated toolboxes: SPM ( www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ ), FreeSurfer ( surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ), and FSL (FMRIB software library; Oxford Centre for Functional MR Imaging of the Brain, Oxford, England, https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl ). Materials and Methods MR images from a clinical archive were used and data were deidentified. The three methods were applied to estimate brain volumes from thin-section research-quality brain MR images and routine thick-section clinical MR images acquired from the same 38 patients (age range, 1-71 years; mean age, 22 years; 11 women). By using these automated methods, TBV, GMV, and WMV were estimated. Thin- versus thick-section volume comparisons were made for each method by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results SPM exhibited excellent ICCs (0.97, 0.85, and 0.83 for TBV, GMV, and WMV, respectively). FSL exhibited ICCs of 0.69, 0.51, and 0.60 for TBV, GMV, and WMV, respectively, but they were lower than with SPM. FreeSurfer exhibited excellent ICC of 0.63 only for TBV. Application of SPM's voxel-based morphometry on the modulated images of thin-section images and interpolated thick-section images showed fair to excellent ICCs (0.37-0.98) for the majority of brain regions (88.47% [306924 of 346916 voxels] of WM and 80.35% [377 282 of 469 502 voxels] of GM). Conclusion Thick-section clinical-quality MR images can be reliably used for computing quantitative brain metrics such as TBV, GMV, and WMV by using SPM. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

A modal radar cross section of thin-wire targets via the singularity expansion method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richards, M. A.; Shumpert, T. H.; Riggs, L. S.

1992-01-01

A modal radar cross section (RCS) of arbitrary wire scatterers is constructed in terms of SEM parameters. Numerical results are presented for both straight and L-shaped wire targets and are compared to computations performed in the frequency domain using the method of moments.

Investigations of electromagnetic scattering by columnar ice crystals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weil, H.; Senior, T. B. A.

1976-01-01

An integral equation approach was developed to determine the scattering and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by thin walled cylinders of arbitrary cross-section and refractive index. Based on this method, extensive numerical data was presented at infrared wavelengths for hollow hexagonal cross section cylinders which simulate columnar sheath ice crystals.

40 CFR 415.430 - Applicability; description of the iodine production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... iodine production subcategory. 415.430 Section 415.430 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... CATEGORY Iodine Production Subcategory § 415.430 Applicability; description of the iodine production... iodine. ...

40 CFR 415.430 - Applicability; description of the iodine production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... iodine production subcategory. 415.430 Section 415.430 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... CATEGORY Iodine Production Subcategory § 415.430 Applicability; description of the iodine production... iodine. ...

46 CFR Sec. 2 - Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. Sec. 2 Section... REPAIRS-NSA-WORKSMALREP Sec. 2 Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. This is an individual fixed price contract which may be awarded to any firm not holding an NSA-LUMPSUMREP Contract, as a result of formal...

46 CFR Sec. 2 - Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. Sec. 2 Section... REPAIRS-NSA-WORKSMALREP Sec. 2 Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. This is an individual fixed price contract which may be awarded to any firm not holding an NSA-LUMPSUMREP Contract, as a result of formal...

46 CFR Sec. 2 - Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. Sec. 2 Section... REPAIRS-NSA-WORKSMALREP Sec. 2 Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. This is an individual fixed price contract which may be awarded to any firm not holding an NSA-LUMPSUMREP Contract, as a result of formal...

46 CFR Sec. 2 - Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. Sec. 2 Section... REPAIRS-NSA-WORKSMALREP Sec. 2 Description of NSA-WORKSMALREP Contract. This is an individual fixed price contract which may be awarded to any firm not holding an NSA-LUMPSUMREP Contract, as a result of formal...

31 CFR 332.2 - Description of bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Description of bonds. 332.2 Section 332.2 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE... § 332.2 Description of bonds. (a) General. Series H bonds bear a facsimile of the signature of the...

19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

19 CFR 192.11 - Description of the AES.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Description of the AES. 192.11 Section 192.11... TREASURY (CONTINUED) EXPORT CONTROL Filing of Export Information Through the Automated Export System (AES) § 192.11 Description of the AES. AES is a voluntary program that allows all exporters required to report...

7 CFR 245.6 - Application, eligibility and certification of children for free and reduced price meals and free...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) General requirements—content of application and descriptive materials. Each local educational agency, as... to the distribution of applications and descriptive materials in paper form as provided for in this... requirements in this section and with technical assistance and guidance provided by FNS. Descriptive materials...

7 CFR 245.6 - Application, eligibility and certification of children for free and reduced price meals and free...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) General requirements—content of application and descriptive materials. Each local educational agency, as... to the distribution of applications and descriptive materials in paper form as provided for in this... requirements in this section and with technical assistance and guidance provided by FNS. Descriptive materials...

16 CFR 1500.14 - Products requiring special labeling under section 3(b) of the act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Fountains. Warning (or Caution) FLAMMABLE (or EMITS SHOWERS OF SPARKS, if more descriptive). Use only under..., if More Descriptive) Use only under [close] adult supervision. (Use of the word close is optional...) Flammable (or Emits Showers of Sparks, if More Descriptive) Use only under [close] adult supervision. (Use...

16 CFR 1500.14 - Products requiring special labeling under section 3(b) of the act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Fountains. Warning (or Caution) FLAMMABLE (or EMITS SHOWERS OF SPARKS, if more descriptive). Use only under..., if More Descriptive) Use only under [close] adult supervision. (Use of the word close is optional...) Flammable (or Emits Showers of Sparks, if More Descriptive) Use only under [close] adult supervision. (Use...

16 CFR 1500.14 - Products requiring special labeling under section 3(b) of the act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Fountains. Warning (or Caution) FLAMMABLE (or EMITS SHOWERS OF SPARKS, if more descriptive). Use only under..., if More Descriptive) Use only under [close] adult supervision. (Use of the word close is optional...) Flammable (or Emits Showers of Sparks, if More Descriptive) Use only under [close] adult supervision. (Use...