Using organic amendments to restore soil physical and chemical properties of a mine site in northeastern Oregon, USA

Treesearch

D. S. Page-Dumroese; M. R. Ott; D. G. Strawn; J. M. Tirocke

2018-01-01

New cost-effective strategies are needed to reclaim soils disturbed from mining activity on National Forests. In addition, disposal of waste wood from local timber harvest operations or biosolids from waste water treatment plants can be expensive. Therefore, using organic byproducts for soil reclamation activities on National Forests may provide an opportunity to...

Opportunities to change timber demand through altered timber utilization [Chapter 10

Treesearch

K. E. Skog; D. P. Bradley; H. N. Spelter; I. Durbak; P. J. Ince; W. J. Lange; P. A. Araman; D. B. McKeever; J. I. Zerbe

1990-01-01

This paper discusses opportunities for timber utilization improvement that will 1) increase efficiency of wood use, 2) reduce the cost of wood products and the cost of using wood in applications, and 3) provide new or improved wood products or wood use applications. A key purpose here is to propose and explain technology-influenced projections of 1) costs for...

SPATS: a model for projecting softwood timber inventories in the Southern United States.

Treesearch

David J. Brooks

1987-01-01

The yield-table projection method for modeling the development of regional timber inventories is outlined, and its application to softwood timber types in the Southern United States is described. Problems of simulating forest management practices and natural succession are discussed. A computer model that projects softwood timber inventories using yield-table...

Field evaluation of timber preservation treatments for highway applications.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-12-01

Timber material repair and replacement cost for timber bridges is a considerable expense to highway agencies in Iowa, especially to : county road departments. To address these needs, the objectives of this investigation was to study the field effecti...

Characteristics of products from fast pyrolysis of fractions of waste square timber and ordinary plywood using a fluidized bed reactor.

PubMed

Jung, Su-Hwa; Kim, Seon-Jin; Kim, Joo-Sik

2012-06-01

Fractions of waste square timber and waste ordinary plywood were pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis plant equipped with a fluidized bed reactor and a dual char separation system. The maximum bio-oil yield of about 65 wt.% was obtained at reaction temperatures of 450-500 °C for both feed materials. For quantitative analysis of bio-oil, the relative response factor (RRF) of each component was calculated using an effective carbon number (ECN) that was multiplied by the peak area of each component detected by a GC-FID. The predominant compounds in the bio-oils were methyl acetate, acids, hydroxyacetone, furfural, non-aromatic ketones, levoglucosan and phenolic compounds. The WOP-derived bio-oil showed it to have relatively high nitrogen content. Increasing the reaction temperature was shown to have little effect on nitrogen removal. The ash and solid contents of both bio-oils were below 0.1 wt.% due to the excellent performance of the char separation system. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applications of harvesting system simulation to timber management and utilization analyses

Treesearch

John E. Baumgras; Chris B. LeDoux

1990-01-01

Applications of timber harvesting system simulation to the economic analysis of forest management and wood utilization practices are presented. These applications include estimating thinning revenue by stand age, estimating impacts of minimum merchantable tree diameter on harvesting revenue, and evaluating wood utilization alternatives relative to pulpwood quotas and...

Simple models for estimating local removals of timber in the northeast

Treesearch

David N. Larsen; David A. Gansner

1975-01-01

Provides a practical method of estimating subregional removals of timber and demonstrates its application to a typical problem. Stepwise multiple regression analysis is used to develop equations for estimating removals of softwood, hardwood, and all timber from selected characteristics of socioeconomic structure.

Increment and mortality in a virgin Douglas-fir forest.

Treesearch

Robert W. Steele; Norman P. Worthington

1955-01-01

Is there any basis to the forester's rule of thumb that virgin forests eventually reach an equilibrium where increment and mortality approximately balance? Are we wasting potential timber volume by failing to salvage mortality in old-growth stands?

36 CFR 223.190 - Sourcing area application procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... manufacturing facility that processes Federal timber and who is an exporter may apply for a sourcing area... within the proposed sourcing area where the person intends to process timber originating from Federal... knowledge concerning my timber purchasing and export patterns. I certify that the information provided...

75 FR 15720 - Information Collection; Free Use Application and Permit for Vegetative or Mineral Materials

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-30

... of applications which pertain to the free use of, respectively, petrified wood, timber, et al. DATES... petrified wood and timber for noncommercial purposes. 60-Day Notice: On January 12, 2010, the BLM published...

Review on antibacterial characteristics of bridge engineering biomaterials.

PubMed

Zhao, Qing-Qing; Chen, Meng-Yao; He, Rui-Lin; Zhang, Zhong-Feng; Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel

2016-01-01

This review summarizes the research on timber construction materials used in bridge construction. It focuses on the application of antiseptic treatments and the use of timber engineering materials in decks and bridges. This review also provides an overview on the future research and prospects of engineered timber materials.

Large-scale budget applications of mathematical programming in the Forest Service

Treesearch

Malcolm Kirby

1978-01-01

Mathematical programming applications in the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, are growing. They are being used for widely varying problems: budgeting, lane use planning, timber transport, road maintenance and timber harvest planning. Large-scale applications are being mace in budgeting. The model that is described can be used by developing economies....

36 CFR 223.203 - Indirect substitution exception for National Forest System timber from within Washington State.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... unprocessed timber was limited to whichever is less: (i) The higher of the applicant's actual purchase.... (b) Application, review and approval process. To obtain a share of the 50 million board feet exempted.... Applicants were notified of the approving official's decision by letter. If approved, the amount of the...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

36 CFR 223.118 - Appeal process for small business timber sale set-aside program share recomputation decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale Contracts...) raised by the appeal; (vi) If relevant, any specific references to any law, regulation, or policy that... receive an opportunity, in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations, to review and comment on...

26 CFR 1.611-3 - Rules applicable to timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... taxpayer making the return, as the result of the growth of the timber, of changes in standards of... for depletion) shall be revised. The depletion unit shall be changed when such revision has been made... until a change in facts requires another revision. (f) Determination of fair market value of timber...

36 CFR 223.191 - Sourcing area disapproval and review procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 20, 1990, and was disapproved could either phase out of purchasing Federal timber or phase out of... approved, as follows: (1) Phase-out of Federal timber purchasing. The applicant could purchase, in the 9... such person's purchases of unprocessed Federal timber in such area during the 5 full fiscal years...

36 CFR 223.131 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Suspension and Debarment of Timber Purchasers § 223.131 Applicability. These regulations apply to purchasers... Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990 (16 U.S.C. 620, et seq.). These regulations do not apply to Forest...

Field evaluation of timber preservation treatments for highway applications

Treesearch

Jake J. Bigelow; Carol A. Clausen; Stan T. Lebow; Lowell Greimann

2007-01-01

Timber material repair and replacement cost for timber bridges is a considerable expense to highway agencies in Iowa, especially to county road departments. To address these needs, the objectives of this investigation was to study the field effectiveness of various treatment alternatives used on Iowa roadway projects and to determine if the current specifications and...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: an addendum

Treesearch

Allen M. Brackley; Richard W. Haynes

2008-01-01

Updated projections of demand for Alaska timber were published July 2006. Their application in land management planning for the Tongass National Forest has resulted in numerous questions and requests for clarification. This note discusses a broad range of these questions from the context of why we do projections, the model we used, the assumptions that determine the...

40 CFR 429.130 - Applicability; description of the finishing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., fabrication, and by-product utilization timber processing operations not otherwise covered by specific... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Finishing...

43 CFR 5511.2-3 - Permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... (a) Application for permit. Before timber is cut for free use, an application for permit in duplicate... performance of the provisions of the permit and the regulations in §§ 5511.2-1 to 5511.2-6. (c) Cutting rules and restrictions. All free-use timber shall be cut and removed in accordance with approved forestry...

29 CFR 776.18 - Employees of producers for commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; and transportation workers bringing supplies, materials, or equipment to the producer's premises, removing slag or other waste materials therefrom, or transporting materials or other goods, or performing... Surety Co., 246 U.S. 257; Consolidated Timber Co. v. Womack, 132 F. 2d 101 (C.A. 9); Hanson v. Lagerstrom...

29 CFR 776.18 - Employees of producers for commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...; and transportation workers bringing supplies, materials, or equipment to the producer's premises, removing slag or other waste materials therefrom, or transporting materials or other goods, or performing... Surety Co., 246 U.S. 257; Consolidated Timber Co. v. Womack, 132 F. 2d 101 (C.A. 9); Hanson v. Lagerstrom...

29 CFR 776.18 - Employees of producers for commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...; and transportation workers bringing supplies, materials, or equipment to the producer's premises, removing slag or other waste materials therefrom, or transporting materials or other goods, or performing... Surety Co., 246 U.S. 257; Consolidated Timber Co. v. Womack, 132 F. 2d 101 (C.A. 9); Hanson v. Lagerstrom...

29 CFR 776.18 - Employees of producers for commerce.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...; and transportation workers bringing supplies, materials, or equipment to the producer's premises, removing slag or other waste materials therefrom, or transporting materials or other goods, or performing... Surety Co., 246 U.S. 257; Consolidated Timber Co. v. Womack, 132 F. 2d 101 (C.A. 9); Hanson v. Lagerstrom...

78 FR 38591 - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Regulation Revision: Removal of the Pesticide...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... application of the pesticide is made directly to waters of the United States to control pests that are present in the water, and when the application of the pesticide is made to control pests that are over... irrigation ditches requiring pest control. 113110 Timber Tract The operation of Operations. timber tracts for...

Identifying regional opportunities for accelerated timber managemnet

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; Joseph E. Barnard; Samuel F. Gingrich; Samuel F. Gingrich

1973-01-01

Describes a procedure for identifying regional opportunities for accelerated timber management and demonstrates its application. Results provide a basis for rational choices among alternative management strategies and permit meaningful micro- and macro-evaluations of treatment response.

Study on bamboo gluing performance numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Z. R.; Sun, W. H.; Sui, X. M.; Zhang, X. F.

2018-01-01

Bamboo gluing timber is a green building materials, can be widely used as modern building beams and columns. The existing bamboo gluing timber is usually produced by bamboo columns or bamboo bundle rolled into by bamboo columns. The performance of new bamboo gluing timber is decided by bamboo adhesion character. Based on this, the cohesive damage model of bamboo gluing is created, experiment results are used to validate the model. The model proposed in the work is agreed on the experimental results. Different bamboo bonding length and bamboo gluing performance is analysed. The model is helpful to bamboo integrated timber application.

Field application of Z-spike rejuvenation to salvage timber railroad bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-01

The technique of rejuvenating wood and timber members by shear spiking (vertically inserting fiberglass reinforced polymer rods into deteriorated members) evolved over several years of laboratory research at Colorado State University (CSU). Specimens...

Transaction Costs and the Collection of Information: Presale Measurement on Private Timber Sales

Treesearch

Keith B. Leffler; Randal R. Rucker; Ian A. Munn

2000-01-01

Measurement efforts to reduce the uncertainty concerning the attributes of heterogeneous goods may simply redistribute wealth and result in social waste. Individuals bearing the cost of such distributional measurement have incentives to develop buying and selling practices that limit such measurement. We examine, both theoretically and empirically, the determinants...

Measuring forest-fire danger in northern Idaho

Treesearch

H. T. Gisborne

1928-01-01

In most of the forest regions of the United States the fire problem is the greatest forest problem. Wasteful methods of logging and lumbering may result in the loss of a large proportion of the remaining forest growth, but the land will usually produce a new crop of timber without undue delay, unless fire occurs.

"Keeping it Living": applications and relevance of traditional plant management in British Columbia to sustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products

Treesearch

Nancy J. Turner

2001-01-01

There has been increasing concern about sustainability in harvesting and marketing of non-timber forest products in North America. This paper examines traditional approaches and practices for use of plant resources by Aboriginal peoples and discusses their applications in a contemporary context. Philosophies and attitudes of caring and respect are embodied in many...

Sources and management of hazardous waste in Papua New Guinea

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Singh, K.

1996-12-31

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has considerable mineral wealth, especially in gold and copper. Large-scale mining takes place, and these activities are the source of most of PNG`s hazardous waste. Most people live in small farming communities throughout the region. Those living adjacent to mining areas have experienced some negative impacts from river ecosystem damage and erosion of their lands. Industry is centered mainly in urban areas and Generates waste composed of various products. Agricultural products, pesticide residues, and chemicals used for preserving timber and other forestry products also produce hazardous waste. Most municipal waste comes from domestic and commercial premises;more » it consists mainly of combustibles, noncombustibles, and other wastes. Hospitals generate pathogenic organisms, radioactive materials, and chemical and pharmaceutical laboratory waste. Little is known about the actual treatment of waste before disposal in PNG. Traditional low-cost waste disposal methods are usually practiced, such as use of landfills; storage in surface impoundments; and disposal in public sewers, rivers, and the sea. Indiscriminate burning of domestic waste in backyards is also commonly practiced in urban and rural areas. 10 refs., 4 tabs.« less

A process to establish and use base period prices for national forest system transaction evidence timber appraisal

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; Kenneth E. Skog; Richard Aubuchon

2016-01-01

The USDA Forest Service is required to appraise timber prior to it being offered for sale. Currently the Forest Service uses a transaction evidence based approach, but concerns have been raised about availability—both in number and applicability—of timber sales used as the basis of this approach. In addition to the problem of few sales, in certain situations a notable...

Biochar, Tool for Climate Change Mitigation and Soil Management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shackley, Simon; Sohi, Saran; Ibarrola, Rodrigo; Hammond, Jim; Mašek, Ondřej; Brownsort, Peter; Cross, Andrew; Prendergast-Miller, Miranda; Haszeldine, Stuart

Biochar is the solid remains of any organic material that has been heated to at least 350oC in a zero-oxygen or oxygen-limited environment, which is intended to be mixed with soils. If the solid remains are not suitable for addition to soils, or will be burned as a fuel or used as an aggregate in construction, it is defined as char not biochar. There is a very wide range of potential biochar feedstocks, e.g., wood waste, timber, agricultural residues and wastes (straws, bagasse, manure, husks, shells, fibers, etc.), leaves, food wastes, paper and sewage sludge, green waste, distiller's grain, and many others. Pyrolysis is usually the technology of choice for producing biochar, though biomass gasification also produces smaller char yields. Syngas and pyrolytic bio-liquids, which have a potential use as energy carriers, are produced alongside biochar.

36 CFR 223.190 - Sourcing area application procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL... its implementing regulations. I certify that I have not exported unprocessed timber originating from..., et seq.) its implementing regulations, and the False Statements Act (18 U.S.C. 1001), and may subject...

Production of high-calorie energy briquettes from bark waste, plastic and oil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suwinarti, W.; Amirta, R.; Yuliansyah

2018-04-01

Bark is the waste generated from the utilization of plantation timber, while plastics and oil waste are produced from daily human activity. These waste has the potential to be used as energy briquettes raw materials, especially for fuel in power plants. It would be worth very strategic for the environment and the welfare of society, considering that at this time we are not yet fully capable of well managing all three waste types. On the other hands most of the power plants that operate today still use diesel and coal as fuel. Therefore, the best composition of mixing bark, plastic and oil will be studied as well as its influence on the physical and chemical quality of the briquettes produced. The results show that the addition of the oil waste (70%) and used plastic (30%) as additive give effect to the performance of the briquette formation with the highest calorific value of 33.56 MJ/kg.

Measurement of Moisture in Wood for Application in the Restoration of Old Buildings.

PubMed

Moron, Carlos; Garcia-Fuentevilla, Luisa; Garcia, Alfonso; Moron, Alberto

2016-05-14

There are many historic buildings whose construction is based on timber frame walls. Most buildings built during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were based on timber frame walls with vertical support elements. These timber frame elements are affected by their moisture content and by the passage of time. If the interaction of the timber frame walls with hygrothermal fluctuations were known, the maintenance of these buildings could be improved significantly. To determine the moisture content of wood there are two types of meters on the market: on the one hand, capacitance meters which consist of two side ends and where the moisture content is measured locally between two peaks. On the other hand, there are meters based on the variation of electromagnetic transmittance of timber, which depends on the moisture of timber. The second ones are very expensive and difficult to handle. This work presents a new non-intrusive capacitive sensor that measures the global moisture content in a section of the timber frame walls and therefore its accuracy is similar to the accuracy that can be obtained with electromagnetic transmittance meters. Additionally, as it is a capacitive sensor, it is low cost and easy to operate.

Measurement of Moisture in Wood for Application in the Restoration of Old Buildings

PubMed Central

Moron, Carlos; Garcia-Fuentevilla, Luisa; Garcia, Alfonso; Moron, Alberto

2016-01-01

There are many historic buildings whose construction is based on timber frame walls. Most buildings built during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were based on timber frame walls with vertical support elements. These timber frame elements are affected by their moisture content and by the passage of time. If the interaction of the timber frame walls with hygrothermal fluctuations were known, the maintenance of these buildings could be improved significantly. To determine the moisture content of wood there are two types of meters on the market: on the one hand, capacitance meters which consist of two side ends and where the moisture content is measured locally between two peaks. On the other hand, there are meters based on the variation of electromagnetic transmittance of timber, which depends on the moisture of timber. The second ones are very expensive and difficult to handle. This work presents a new non-intrusive capacitive sensor that measures the global moisture content in a section of the timber frame walls and therefore its accuracy is similar to the accuracy that can be obtained with electromagnetic transmittance meters. Additionally, as it is a capacitive sensor, it is low cost and easy to operate. PMID:27187410

Volume of Saw-Log residues as calculated from log rule formulae

Treesearch

Frank A. Bennett; F. Thomas Lloyd

1974-01-01

Total utilization of our harvested timber is increasingly important. Residues which were once wasted and expensive to remove or destroy are now major sources of income. Slabs and edgings in the sawmill industry are an example. Although several studies have dealt with the volume of these residues, most, if not all, involved measurement of the outturn at the sawmill. An...

Chapter 8: Fire Performance of Cross-Laminated Timber Assemblies (2012 US Edition)

Treesearch

Christian Dagenais; Robert H. White; Kuma Sumathipala

2012-01-01

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a promising wood-based structural component and has potential to provide cost-effective building solutions for residential, commercial and institutional buildings as well as large industrial facilities. Market acceptance of CLT requires that it meets the applicable building code requirements.

Deriving fair incentives for management of hardwood timber stands

Treesearch

David A. Gansner; W. Herrick Owen; David N. Larsen; David N. Larsen

1973-01-01

The authors present a practical method for deriving timber-management incentive payments and demonstrate its application in forest stands of upland hardwoods. The suggested incentive payment is based on the differences between discounted costs and returns of deliberate forest management and the "harvest and let grow" option.

Chapter 1: CLT Introduction to cross-laminated timber

Treesearch

Sylvan Gagnon; E.M.(Ted) Bilek; Lisa Podesto; Pablo Crespell

2013-01-01

Cross-laminated timber ( CLT), a new generation of engineered wood product developed initially in Europe, has been gaining increased popularity in residential and non-residential applications in several countries. Many impressive low- and mid-rise buildings built around the world using CLT showcase the many advantages this product has to offer to the construction...

A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest

Treesearch

Susan C. Baker; Charles B. Halpern; Timothy J. Wardlaw; Christel Kern; Graham J. Edgar; Russell J. Thomson; Richard E. Bigley; Jerry F. Franklin; Kamal J. K. Gandhi; Lena Gustafsson; Samuel Johnson; Brian J. Palik; Thomas A. Spies; E. Ashley Steel; Jan Weslien; Joachim Strengbom

2016-01-01

Timber harvest can adversely affect forest biota. Recent research and application suggest that retention of mature forest elements ('retention forestry'), including unharvested patches (or 'aggregates') within larger harvested units, can benefit biodiversity compared to clearcutting. However, it is unclear whether these benefits can be generalized...

Experimental Study on Damage Detection in Timber Specimens Based on an Electromechanical Impedance Technique and RMSD-Based Mahalanobis Distance

PubMed Central

Wang, Dansheng; Wang, Qinghua; Wang, Hao; Zhu, Hongping

2016-01-01

In the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, the PZT patch performs the functions of both sensor and exciter. Due to the high frequency actuation and non-model based characteristics, the EMI method can be utilized to detect incipient structural damage. In recent years EMI techniques have been widely applied to monitor the health status of concrete and steel materials, however, studies on application to timber are limited. This paper will explore the feasibility of using the EMI technique for damage detection in timber specimens. In addition, the conventional damage index, namely root mean square deviation (RMSD) is employed to evaluate the level of damage. On that basis, a new damage index, Mahalanobis distance based on RMSD, is proposed to evaluate the damage severity of timber specimens. Experimental studies are implemented to detect notch and hole damage in the timber specimens. Experimental results verify the availability and robustness of the proposed damage index and its superiority over the RMSD indexes. PMID:27782088

Experimental Study on Damage Detection in Timber Specimens Based on an Electromechanical Impedance Technique and RMSD-Based Mahalanobis Distance.

PubMed

Wang, Dansheng; Wang, Qinghua; Wang, Hao; Zhu, Hongping

2016-10-22

In the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, the PZT patch performs the functions of both sensor and exciter. Due to the high frequency actuation and non-model based characteristics, the EMI method can be utilized to detect incipient structural damage. In recent years EMI techniques have been widely applied to monitor the health status of concrete and steel materials, however, studies on application to timber are limited. This paper will explore the feasibility of using the EMI technique for damage detection in timber specimens. In addition, the conventional damage index, namely root mean square deviation (RMSD) is employed to evaluate the level of damage. On that basis, a new damage index, Mahalanobis distance based on RMSD, is proposed to evaluate the damage severity of timber specimens. Experimental studies are implemented to detect notch and hole damage in the timber specimens. Experimental results verify the availability and robustness of the proposed damage index and its superiority over the RMSD indexes.

GPR technique as a tool for decision-making regarding timber beam inner reinforcement: The Lonja de la Seda de Valencia, Spain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, Francisco; Ramirez, Manuel; Benlloch, Javier; Valls, Ana

2015-04-01

This paper describes the decision-making process for the timber beam inner reinforcement of the building The Lonja de la Seda de Valencia (15th c.), Spain. This research was based on the study of 13 timber beams for their diagnosis and the characterization before decision-making in structural reinforcement. For this purpose, we integrated the results of analysis of historical documentation, in situ visual inspection and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The rehabilitation project considered the substitution of the upper-storey floor (The Consulate of the Sea Hall) for another one that complied with the original. This room was closed due to the instability of the timber beams. For the flooring renovation it was necessary to increase the rigidity of the timber floor framing. Preliminary conclusions, which derived from the historical documentation and in situ visual inspection of the timber coffered ceiling were: (a) timber beams supported inside masonry walls could suffer moisture and xylophage attacks, (b) timber beams were significantly damaged (splits, ring shakes, failure of beam section that reduced its bearing capacity), (c) substantial timber beam warping. So the main objectives of this GPR study were: to detect splits, to identify failure of section due to biological attacks, to pinpoint epoxy resin reconstructions and to assess the severity of the damages observed on surface. A GPR survey was carried out in timber coffered-ceiling beams of The Consulate of the Sea Hall. Radar measurements were carried out using a SIR-10H system (GSSI) and a 1.6 GHz ground coupled antenna, due to the timber beam dimensions (0.45 x 0.45 x 8.75 m. A total of 37 longitudinal profiles were collected in the centre of all the beam accessible sides. After radragram processing steps, a number of anomalies were detected in the records, which were analysed. The outcomes derived from this GPR study were taken into account when it came to make decisions in the final restoration project of the timber coffered ceiling elements: timber beams, wooden latticework and floor. The results obtained in this survey are a good example of GPR application in Civil Engineering for timber beam inner reinforcement of a building, establishing technical criteria.

Preliminary Analysis of the Aluminiumtimber Composite Beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szumigała, Maciej; Chybiński, Marcin; Polus, Łukasz

2017-12-01

This paper presents a new type of composite structures - aluminium-timber beams. These structures have an advantage over other existing composite structures, because they are lighter. However, their application may be limited due to the high price of aluminium alloys. The authors of this article made an attempt to calculate the load-bearing capacity of an aluminium-timber beam.

Selected non-timber forest products with medicinal applications from Jilin Province in China

Treesearch

Yao Ge Huang; Branka Barl; Gerald Ivanochko

2001-01-01

This paper provides a brief account of the distribution, production, and use of some non-timber forest products such as medicinal plants, medicinal and nutraceutical mushrooms, pharmaceutical insects, and "wild" vegetables in Jilin Province, China. All materials featured in this paper are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inside and outside of China...

Compost and Crude Humic Substances Produced from Selected Wastes and Their Effects on Zea mays L. Nutrient Uptake and Growth

PubMed Central

Palanivell, Perumal; Susilawati, Kasim; Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna; Majid, Nik Muhamad

2013-01-01

Production of agriculture and timber commodities leads generation of enormous quantity of wastes. Improper disposal of these agroindustrial wastes pollutes the environment. This problem could be reduced by adding value to them. Therefore, a study was carried out to analyse and compare the nutrients content of RS, RH, SD, and EFB of composts and crude humic substances; furthermore, their effect on growth, dry matter production, and nutrient uptake for Zea mays L., and selected soil chemical properties were evaluated. Standard procedures were used to analyze humic acids (HA), crude fulvic acids (CFA), crude humin (CH), soil, dry matter production and nutrient uptake. Sawdust and RS compost matured at 42 and 47 days, respectively, while RH and EFB composts were less matured at 49th day of composting. Rice straw compost had higher ash, N, P, CEC, HA, K, and Fe contents with lower organic matter, total organic carbon, and C/N and C/P ratios. The HA of sawdust compost showed higher carbon, carboxylic, K, and Ca contents compared to those of RS, RH, and EFB. Crude FA of RS compost showed highest pH, total K, Ca, Mg, and Na contents. Crude humin from RS compost had higher contents of ash, N, P, and CEC. Rice straw was superior in compost, CFA, and CH, while sawdust compost was superior in HA. Application of sawdust compost significantly increased maize plants' diameter, height, dry matter production, N, P, and cations uptake. It also reduced N, P, and K based chemical fertilizer use by 90%. Application of CH and the composts evaluated in this study could be used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in maize cultivation. PMID:24319353

Deportment and management of metals produced during combustion of CCA-treated timbers.

PubMed

Rogers, Joseph M; Stewart, Mary; Petrie, James G; Haynes, Brian S

2007-01-31

Experiments were conducted to study CCA-treated wood combustion over a range of temperature and oxygen concentrations with a view to understanding the factors affecting energy and metals recovery from waste treated timber. CCA-treated wood was burned in a furnace at temperatures from 400 to 940 degrees C and oxygen concentrations between 5 and 21%. The ash and condensed volatiles were digested for total concentrations of metals and subjected to leaching tests to determine the stabilized concentrations of metals. Arsenic volatilisation increased with increasing furnace temperature whereas the copper and chromium reported mainly to the ash product. The effect of oxygen concentration was weak although it appeared that more arsenic volatilises at higher oxygen concentrations. However, a larger proportion of the arsenic in the ash generated at lower oxygen concentrations is solubilised during leaching tests, with the result that the concentration of stabilized arsenic in the ash is relatively unaffected by oxygen concentration.

Payment for multiple forest benefits alters the effect of tree disease on optimal forest rotation length.

PubMed

Macpherson, Morag F; Kleczkowski, Adam; Healey, John R; Hanley, Nick

2017-04-01

Forests deliver multiple benefits both to their owners and to wider society. However, a wave of forest pests and pathogens is threatening this worldwide. In this paper we examine the effect of disease on the optimal rotation length of a single-aged, single rotation forest when a payment for non-timber benefits, which is offered to private forest owners to partly internalise the social values of forest management, is included. Using a generalisable bioeconomic framework we show how this payment counteracts the negative economic effect of disease by increasing the optimal rotation length, and under some restrictive conditions, even makes it optimal to never harvest the forest. The analysis shows a range of complex interactions between factors including the rate of spread of infection and the impact of disease on the value of harvested timber and non-timber benefits. A key result is that the effect of disease on the optimal rotation length is dependent on whether the disease affects the timber benefit only compared to when it affects both timber and non-timber benefits. Our framework can be extended to incorporate multiple ecosystem services delivered by forests and details of how disease can affect their production, thus facilitating a wide range of applications.

Analysis of the connection of the timber-fiber concrete composite structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holý, Milan; Vráblík, Lukáš; Petřík, Vojtěch

2017-09-01

This paper deals with an implementation of the material parameters of the connection to complex models for analysis of the timber-fiber concrete composite structures. The aim of this article is to present a possible way of idealization of the continuous contact model that approximates the actual behavior of timber-fiber reinforced concrete structures. The presented model of the connection was derived from push-out shear tests. It was approved by use of the nonlinear numerical analysis, that it can be achieved a very good compliance between results of numerical simulations and results of the experiments by a suitable choice of the material parameters of the continuous contact. Finally, an application for an analytical calculation of timber-fiber concrete composite structures is developed for the practical use in engineering praxis. The input material parameters for the analytical model was received using data from experiments.

Application of Linked Regional Scale Growth, Biogeography, and Economic Models for Southeastern United States Pine Forests

Treesearch

Steven G. McNulty; Jennifer A. Moore; Louis Iverson; Anantha Prasad; Robert Abt; Bryan Smith; Ge Sun; Michael Gavazzi; John Bartlett; Brian Murray; Robert A. Mickler; John D. Aber

2000-01-01

The southern United States produces over 50% of commercial timber harvests in the US and the demand for southern timber are likely to increase in the future. Global change is altering the physical and chemical environmental which will play a major role in determining future forest stand growth, insect and disease outbreaks, regeneration success, and distribution of...

Application of linked regional scale growth, biogeography, and economic models for southeastern United States pine forests

Treesearch

Steven G. McNulty; Jennifer A. Moore; Louis Iverson; Anantha Prasad; Robert, et al. Abt

2000-01-01

The southern United States produces over 50% of commercial timber harvests in the US and the demand for southern timber are likely to increase in the future. Global change is altering the physical and chemical environmental which will play a major role in determining future forest stand growth, insect and disease outbreaks, regeneration success, and distribution of...

Innovative Use and Characterization of Polymers for Timber-Related Construction

PubMed Central

Darby, Antony; Ibell, Tim; Evernden, Mark

2010-01-01

Timber gridshells have become a very popular, efficient, sustainable and beautiful structural application of timber. However, given the slender laths involved in this form of construction, there is concern over the durability of timber for this purpose, and Glass FRP (GFRP) laths have been proposed as a possible substitution. This paper considers this possibility. It goes on to look at the possible use of Basalt FRP (BFRP) for the same purpose, from the perspective of its creep characteristics. It is shown that the use of GFRP gridshells is a viable form of construction, and that enhanced durability characteristics of BFRP could lead to their adoption for gridshells, given that the creep characteristics of basalt fibres presented here are comparable to those of glass fibres. An altogether different form of timber construction is that of joist-and-floorboard. In the UK, there are thousands of historic buildings which use this floor construction, and a sizeable proportion of this building stock now requires upgrade, strengthening and/or stiffening to allow these buildings to be fit for purpose into the future. This paper goes on to consider the possible use of Carbon FRP (CFRP) to strengthen and stiffen such timber floors. It is shown that such strengthening and stiffening is entirely feasible, offering the potential for greatly enhanced stiffness, in particular. Further, it is shown that mechanical shear connection between CFRP and timber is best conducted using perpendicular-positioned screws, rather than raked screws.

Trade-offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity.

PubMed

Roopsind, Anand; Caughlin, T Trevor; van der Hout, Peter; Arets, Eric; Putz, Francis E

2018-07-01

Forest degradation accounts for ~70% of total carbon losses from tropical forests. Substantial emissions are from selective logging, a land-use activity that decreases forest carbon density. To maintain carbon values in selectively logged forests, climate change mitigation policies and government agencies promote the adoption of reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. However, whether RIL will maintain both carbon and timber values in managed tropical forests over time remains uncertain. In this study, we quantify the recovery of timber stocks and aboveground carbon at an experimental site where forests were subjected to different intensities of RIL (4, 8, and 16 trees/ha). Our census data span 20 years postlogging and 17 years after the liberation of future crop trees from competition in a tropical forest on the Guiana Shield, a globally important forest carbon reservoir. We model recovery of timber and carbon with a breakpoint regression that allowed us to capture elevated tree mortality immediately after logging. Recovery rates of timber and carbon were governed by the presence of residual trees (i.e., trees that persisted through the first harvest). The liberation treatment stimulated faster recovery of timber albeit at a carbon cost. Model results suggest a threshold logging intensity beyond which forests managed for timber and carbon derive few benefits from RIL, with recruitment and residual growth not sufficient to offset losses. Inclusion of the breakpoint at which carbon and timber gains outpaced postlogging mortality led to high predictive accuracy, including out-of-sample R 2 values >90%, and enabled inference on demographic changes postlogging. Our modeling framework is broadly applicable to studies that aim to quantify impacts of logging on forest recovery. Overall, we demonstrate that initial mortality drives variation in recovery rates, that the second harvest depends on old growth wood, and that timber intensification lowers carbon stocks. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A data base approach for prediction of deforestation-induced mass wasting events

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Logan, T. L.

1981-01-01

A major topic of concern in timber management is determining the impact of clear-cutting on slope stability. Deforestation treatments on steep mountain slopes have often resulted in a high frequency of major mass wasting events. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is a potentially useful tool for predicting the location of mass wasting sites. With a raster-based GIS, digitally encoded maps of slide hazard parameters can be overlayed and modeled to produce new maps depicting high probability slide areas. The present investigation has the objective to examine the raster-based information system as a tool for predicting the location of the clear-cut mountain slopes which are most likely to experience shallow soil debris avalanches. A literature overview is conducted, taking into account vegetation, roads, precipitation, soil type, slope-angle and aspect, and models predicting mass soil movements. Attention is given to a data base approach and aspects of slide prediction.

Field performance of timber bridges. 9, Big Erick`s stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

J. A. Kainz; J. P. Wacker; M. Nelson

The Big Erickas bridge was constructed during September 1992 in Baraga County, Michigan. The bridge is 72 ft long, 16 ft wide, and consists of three simple spans: two stress-laminated deck approach spans and a stress-laminated box center span. The bridge is unique in that it is one of the first known stress-laminated timber bridge applications to use Eastern Hemlock...

Revivification of a method for identifying longleaf pine timber and its application to southern pine relicts in southeastern Virginia

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Philip M. Sheridan; Arvind A.R. Bhuta

2011-01-01

Abstract: Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) cannot be distinguished from the other southern pines based on wood anatomy alone. A method that involves measuring pith and second annual ring diameters, reported by Arthur Koehler in 1932 (The Southern Lumberman, 145: 36–37), was revisited as an option for identifying longleaf pine timbers and stumps. Cross-section...

Potential for expanding small diameter timber market : assessing use of wood posts in highway applications

Treesearch

Dorothy Paun; Gerry Jackson

2000-01-01

Because of a combination of circumstances, there is an overabundance of small-diameter timber available in the United States. There is low demand for this material because it has low value. One way to increase the value, and therefore the demand, for this material is to develop or expand markets where the material can be used. We looked at markets where little or no...

THE GENERATION, USE AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE CRANKCASE OIL IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE FOR KAMPALA DISTRICT, UGANDA

PubMed Central

Ssempebwa, John C.; Carpenter, David O.

2008-01-01

Waste Crankcase Oil (WCO), the oil that is removed from motor engines during an oil change, is frequently discarded into the environment, resulting in pollution of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In some developing countries, this common hazardous material is not properly managed. In Uganda little is known about its generation, utilization, and disposal. These factors were investigated using in-depth interviews of a sample of mechanics from 379 motor repair garages and 109 fuel stations in the Kampala district. Most garages (94%) and fuel stations (96%) in the study area offered oil-changing services. On average, each garage produced 62 litres, and each fuel station produced 134 litres of WCO per week. In garages 35% was sold, 16% poured on the ground, 18% taken by vehicle owners and 31% given away for free. At fuel stations, 49% was picked by private collectors, 27% sold, 4% poured on the ground, 2% burnt, 13% taken by vehicle owners, and 6% given away for free. Uses of WCO included coating roofing timber and fencing posts, use in timber cutting, marking play grounds, and pest control in animals. Its disposal involved burning, and pouring in the environment. Lack of policy and information for proper handling of WCO contributed to the poor management of WCO exhibited. PMID:18513868

Installation Restoration Program. Phase I. Records. Loring AFB, Maine.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

forest, mixed forest, forested bogs, streams, and ponds. Managed timber lands total 4,635 acres on Loring AFB. Major harvested tree species include...Habitat 111-22 2. Threatened and Endangered Species 111-23 IV. FINDINGS IV-1 A. Activity Review IV-l 1. Industrial Waste Disposal Practices IV-1 2...Site No. 13, the BX Service Station, a number of cedar trees in the area of the fuel-saturated soil appear to have been dead for several years. 3

A new image enhancement algorithm with applications to forestry stand mapping

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kan, E. P. F. (Principal Investigator); Lo, J. K.

1975-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Results show that the new algorithm produced cleaner classification maps in which holes of small predesignated sizes were eliminated and significant boundary information was preserved. These cleaner post-processed maps better resemble true life timber stand maps and are thus more usable products than the pre-post-processing ones: Compared to an accepted neighbor-checking post-processing technique, the new algorithm is more appropriate for timber stand mapping.

Identification case of evidence in timber tracing of Pinus radiate, using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis.

PubMed

Solano, Jaime; Anabalón, Leonardo; Encina, Francisco

2016-03-01

Fast, accurate detection of plant species and their hybrids using molecular tools will facilitate assessment and monitoring of timber tracing evidence. In this study the origin of unknown pine samples is determined for a case of timber theft in the region of Araucania southern Chile. We evaluate the utility of the trnL marker region for species identification applied to pine wood based on High Resolution Melting. This efficient tracing methods can be incorporated into forestry applications such as certification of origin. The object of this work was genotype identification using high-resolution melting (HRM) and trnL approaches for Pinus radiata (Don) in timber tracing evidence. Our results indicate that trnL is a very sensitive marker for delimiting species and HRM analysis was used successfully for genotyping Pinus samples for timber tracing purposes. Genotyping samples by HRM analysis with the trnL1 approach allowed us to differentiate two wood samples from the Pinaceae family: Pinus radiata (Don) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. The same approach with Pinus trnL wood was not able to discriminate between samples of Pinus radiata, indicating that the samples were genetically indistinguishable, possibly because they have the same genotype at this locus. Timber tracing with HRM analysis is expected to contribute to future forest certification schemes, control of illegal trading, and molecular traceability of Pinus spp. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

36 CFR 223.276 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability. 223.276 Section 223.276 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Forest Botanical Products § 223.276 Applicability. This subpart...

36 CFR 223.215 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability. 223.215 Section 223.215 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Special Forest Products § 223.215 Applicability. The regulations...

An integrated study of earth resources in the state of California using remote sensing techniques. [water and forest management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Colwell, R. N.

1974-01-01

Progress and results of an integrated study of California's water resources are discussed. The investigation concerns itself primarily with the usefulness of remote sensing of relation to two categories of problems: (1) water supply; and (2) water demand. Also considered are its applicability to forest management and timber inventory. The cost effectiveness and utility of remote sensors such as the Earth Resources Technology Satellite for water and timber management are presented.

40 CFR 429.63 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wet Process... by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT). [Reserved] ...

How applicable is uneven-age management in northern forest types?

Treesearch

Stanley M. Filip

1977-01-01

For the proper application and practice of uneven-age management, one must consider residual stocking, maximum tree-size objective, and diameter distribution. All three components are described, and it is shown how they fit into a practical package for application in a timber tract.

40 CFR 429.80 - Applicability; description of the wood preserving-steam subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Preserving Steam Subcategory § 429.80 Applicability; description of the wood preserving—steam subcategory...

40 CFR 429.80 - Applicability; description of the wood preserving-steam subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Preserving Steam Subcategory § 429.80 Applicability; description of the wood preserving—steam subcategory...

National measures of forest productivity for timber

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince; H. Edward Dickerhoof; H. Fred Kaiser

1989-01-01

This report presents national measures of forest productivity for timber. These measures reveal trends in the relationship between quantity of timber produced by forests and the quantity of forest resources employed in timber production. Timber production is measured by net annual growth of timber and annual timber removals. Measures of timber productivity include...

40 CFR 429.140 - Applicability; description of the particleboard manufacturing subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... particleboard manufacturing subcategory. 429.140 Section 429.140 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Particleboard Manufacturing Subcategory § 429.140 Applicability; description of the particleboard...

Environmentally Friendly Solution to Ground Hazards in Design of Bridges in Earthquake Prone Areas Using Timber Piles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadeghi, H.

2015-12-01

Bridges are major elements of infrastructure in all societies. Their safety and continued serviceability guaranties the transportation and emergency access in urban and rural areas. However, these important structures are subject to earthquake induced damages in structure and foundations. The basic approach to the proper support of foundations are a) distribution of imposed loads to foundation in a way they can resist those loads without excessive settlement and failure; b) modification of foundation ground with various available methods; and c) combination of "a" and "b". The engineers has to face the task of designing the foundations meeting all safely and serviceability criteria but sometimes when there are numerous environmental and financial constrains, the use of some traditional methods become inevitable. This paper explains the application of timber piles to improve ground resistance to liquefaction and to secure the abutments of short to medium length bridges in an earthquake/liquefaction prone area in Bohol Island, Philippines. The limitations of using the common ground improvement methods (i.e., injection, dynamic compaction) because of either environmental or financial concerns along with the abundance of timber in the area made the engineers to use a network of timber piles behind the backwalls of the bridge abutments. The suggested timber pile network is simulated by numerical methods and its safety is examined. The results show that the compaction caused by driving of the piles and bearing capacity provided by timbers reduce the settlement and lateral movements due to service and earthquake induced loads.

40 CFR 429.51 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... application of the best practicable control technology (BPT): There shall be no discharge of process... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Dry Process...

40 CFR 429.100 - Applicability; description of the wet storage subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wet... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wet Storage Subcategory § 429.100 Applicability; description of the wet storage subcategory. This subpart applies to...

40 CFR 429.100 - Applicability; description of the wet storage subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wet... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wet Storage Subcategory § 429.100 Applicability; description of the wet storage subcategory. This subpart applies to...

40 CFR 429.163 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture... application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125...

40 CFR 429.161 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture... application of the best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR...

Timber value—a matter of choice: a study of how end use assumptions affect timber values.

Treesearch

John H. Beuter

1971-01-01

The relationship between estimated timber values and actual timber prices is discussed. Timber values are related to how, where, and when the timber is used. An analysis demonstrates the relative values of a typical Douglas-fir stand under assumptions about timber use.

36 CFR 223.131 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability. 223.131 Section 223.131 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.131 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability. 223.131 Section 223.131 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.131 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability. 223.131 Section 223.131 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

Impacts of Landuse Management and Climate Change on Landslides Susceptibility over the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barik, M. G.; Adam, J. C.

2009-12-01

The commercial forests on the western side of the Olympic Mountains in Washington State are a region of steep slopes and high annual rainfall (2500-6000 mm/year) and are therefore highly susceptible to landslides. Potential climatic change (more intense and frequent winter storms) may exacerbate landslide susceptibility unless forest management practices are changed. As this area is a critical habitat for numerous organisms, including salmon, this may result in potentially severe consequences to riparian habitat due to increased sediment loads. Therefore, there is a need to investigate potential forest management plans to promote the economic viability of timber extraction while protecting the natural habitat, particularly in riparian areas. The objective of this study is to predict the long term effects of forest management decisions under projected climate change on slope stability. We applied the physically-based Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) with its sediment module to simulate mass wasting and sediment delivery under different vegetation and climate scenarios. Sub-basins were selected and classified according to elevation, slope, land cover and soil type. Various land management practices (such as clear-cutting in riparian areas, logging under short rotations, varying amount of timbers left intact in riparian areas) were applied to each of the selected sub-basins. DHSVM was used to simulate landslide volume, frequency, and sediment loads for each of the land cover applications under various future climate scenarios. We comment on the suitability of various harvesting techniques for different parts of the forest to minimize landslide-induced sediment loading to streams in an altered climate. This approach can be developed as a decision making tool that can be used by forest managers to make long-term planning decisions.

Timber resources of the Sacramento area, California, 1972.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1978-01-01

This report summarizes the 1972 timber resource inventory of the Sacramento area, California. Included are detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and timber cut and a discussion of the current timber resource and timber industry situation.

40 CFR 429.160 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray booth(s) or...

40 CFR 429.160 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray booth(s) or...

40 CFR 429.160 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray booth(s) or...

40 CFR 429.160 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and Fixture... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray booth(s) or...

40 CFR 429.160 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and Fixture... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production without water wash spray booth(s) or...

Socio-ecological costs of Amazon nut and timber production at community household forests in the Bolivian Amazon.

PubMed

Soriano, Marlene; Mohren, Frits; Ascarrunz, Nataly; Dressler, Wolfram; Peña-Claros, Marielos

2017-01-01

The Bolivian Amazon holds a complex configuration of people and forested landscapes in which communities hold secure tenure rights over a rich ecosystem offering a range of livelihood income opportunities. A large share of this income is derived from Amazon nut (Bertholletia excelsa). Many communities also have long-standing experience with community timber management plans. However, livelihood needs and desires for better living conditions may continue to place these resources under considerable stress as income needs and opportunities intensify and diversify. We aim to identify the socioeconomic and biophysical factors determining the income from forests, husbandry, off-farm and two keystone forest products (i.e., Amazon nut and timber) in the Bolivian Amazon region. We used structural equation modelling tools to account for the complex inter-relationships between socioeconomic and biophysical factors in predicting each source of income. The potential exists to increase incomes from existing livelihood activities in ways that reduce dependency upon forest resources. For example, changes in off-farm income sources can act to increase or decrease forest incomes. Market accessibility, social, financial, and natural and physical assets determined the amount of income community households could derive from Amazon nut and timber. Factors related to community households' local ecological knowledge, such as the number of non-timber forest products harvested and the number of management practices applied to enhance Amazon nut production, defined the amount of income these households could derive from Amazon nut and timber, respectively. The (inter) relationships found among socioeconomic and biophysical factors over income shed light on ways to improve forest-dependent livelihoods in the Bolivian Amazon. We believe that our analysis could be applicable to other contexts throughout the tropics as well.

Socio-ecological costs of Amazon nut and timber production at community household forests in the Bolivian Amazon

PubMed Central

Mohren, Frits; Ascarrunz, Nataly; Dressler, Wolfram; Peña-Claros, Marielos

2017-01-01

The Bolivian Amazon holds a complex configuration of people and forested landscapes in which communities hold secure tenure rights over a rich ecosystem offering a range of livelihood income opportunities. A large share of this income is derived from Amazon nut (Bertholletia excelsa). Many communities also have long-standing experience with community timber management plans. However, livelihood needs and desires for better living conditions may continue to place these resources under considerable stress as income needs and opportunities intensify and diversify. We aim to identify the socioeconomic and biophysical factors determining the income from forests, husbandry, off-farm and two keystone forest products (i.e., Amazon nut and timber) in the Bolivian Amazon region. We used structural equation modelling tools to account for the complex inter-relationships between socioeconomic and biophysical factors in predicting each source of income. The potential exists to increase incomes from existing livelihood activities in ways that reduce dependency upon forest resources. For example, changes in off-farm income sources can act to increase or decrease forest incomes. Market accessibility, social, financial, and natural and physical assets determined the amount of income community households could derive from Amazon nut and timber. Factors related to community households’ local ecological knowledge, such as the number of non-timber forest products harvested and the number of management practices applied to enhance Amazon nut production, defined the amount of income these households could derive from Amazon nut and timber, respectively. The (inter) relationships found among socioeconomic and biophysical factors over income shed light on ways to improve forest-dependent livelihoods in the Bolivian Amazon. We believe that our analysis could be applicable to other contexts throughout the tropics as well. PMID:28235090

Use and production of solid sawn timbers in the United States

Treesearch

Gerry Jackson; James Howard; A. L. Hammett

2001-01-01

Although timber production has grown steadily over the last decade, information about the use of timbers and the corresponding resource remains in short supply. This study adds to the available literature on solid sawn timbers by compiling data on timber production and uses. The major categories of solid sawn timbers researched were railroad ties, timber bridges, and...

36 CFR 223.276 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Forest Botanical Products § 223.276 Applicability. This subpart applies to the sale and free use of forest botanical products, as defined in § 223.277, from National Forest System lands, until September 30, 2009...

36 CFR 223.276 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Forest Botanical Products § 223.276 Applicability. This subpart applies to the sale and free use of forest botanical products, as defined in § 223.277, from National Forest System lands, until September 30, 2009...

36 CFR 223.276 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Forest Botanical Products § 223.276 Applicability. This subpart applies to the sale and free use of forest botanical products, as defined in § 223.277, from National Forest System lands, until September 30, 2009...

36 CFR 223.276 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Forest Botanical Products § 223.276 Applicability. This subpart applies to the sale and free use of forest botanical products, as defined in § 223.277, from National Forest System lands, until September 30, 2009...

Forest Pest Control and Timber Treatment Category Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowman, James S.; Turmel, Jon P.

This manual provides information needed to meet the standards for pesticide applicator certification. The document is a compilation of pamphlets and circulars which discuss forest management, control of undesirable woody plants, herbicides in forestry, diseases and insect pests, and equipment for pesticide application. (CS)

36 CFR 223.215 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Special Forest Products § 223.215 Applicability. The regulations contained in this subpart govern the disposal of... Public Law 108-108, special forest products that are also forest botanical products shall be sold, or...

Effects of site preparation on timber and non-timber values of loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Jianbang Gan; Stephen H. Kolison; James H. Miller; Tasha M. Hargrove

1998-01-01

This study evaluated the timber and non-timber values of the forest stands generated by four site preparation methods tested in the Tuskegee National Forest 15 yr earlier. The timber values of the forest stands were assessed with the timber yields predicted by the SE TWIGS model. Non-timber benefits were evaluated through the Contingent Valuation Method. Two hundred...

36 CFR 223.61 - Establishing minimum stumpage rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Appraisal and Pricing.... No timber may be sold or cut under timber sale contracts for less than minimum stumpage rates except... amounts of material not meeting utilization standards of the timber sale contract. For any timber sale...

Deriving simple and adjusted financial rates of return on Mississippi timber lands by combining forest inventory and analysis and Timber Mart-South data

Treesearch

Andrew J. Hartsell

2007-01-01

This study compares returns on investments in Mississippi timber lands with returns on alternative investments. The real annual rates of return from mature, undisturbed timber lands in Mississippi over a 17-year period (1977-94) were computed. Southern Research Station Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) timber volume data and Timber Mart-South (TMS) data on timber...

36 CFR 223.159 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Scope and applicability. 223.159 Section 223.159 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.159 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Scope and applicability. 223.159 Section 223.159 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.159 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Scope and applicability. 223.159 Section 223.159 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.159 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Scope and applicability. 223.159 Section 223.159 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

40 CFR 429.52 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... technology (BCT). [Reserved] 429.52 Section 429.52 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Dry Process... by the application of the best conventional pollutant control technology (BCT). [Reserved] ...

Global sustainable timber supply and demand

Treesearch

Peter J. Ince

2010-01-01

Industrial timber use has provided timber revenue that has helped make timber supply and demand more sustainable in the leading timber producing regions of the world. Sustainable development implies not consuming more resources today than we can replace tomorrow, but sustainable forest management implies more than merely a non-declining supply of timber. Forests as a...

The 1993 RPA timber assessment update

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; Darius M. Adams; John R. Mills

1995-01-01

This update reports changes in the Nation's timber resource since the 1989 RPA timber assessment. The timber resource situation is analyzed to provide projections for future cost and availability of timber products to meet demands. Prospective trends in demands for and supplies of timber, and the factors that affect these trends are examined. These include changes...

40 CFR 429.170 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray booth(s) or with...

40 CFR 429.170 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray booth(s) or with...

40 CFR 429.170 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and... Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray booth(s) or with...

An analysis of the timber situation in Alaska: 1970-2010.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; David J. Brooks

1990-01-01

Current conditions in Alaska timber markets are reviewed relative to the past two decades. Major issues in the outlook for Alaska timber markets are considered. Recent studies are used to develop projections of Alaska timber products output, timber harvest, and timber harvest by owner. The assumptions these projections depend on include the level of harvest on Native...

The Value of Timber Inventory Information.

Treesearch

B.E. Borders; W.M. Harrison; M.L. Clutter; B.D. Shiver; R.A. Souter

2008-01-01

Timber inventory data is the basis for many monetary transactions related to timber and timberland sale and (or) purchase as well as for development of timber management plans. The value of such data is well known and much appreciated for sale and (or) purchase of standing merchantable timber.  Unfortunatley, the value of timber inventory data for planning...

Information transfer during the timber transaction period in West Virginia. USA

Treesearch

David W. McGill; Daniel J. Magill; James Kochenderfer; W. Mark Ford; Tom Schuler

2006-01-01

Timber harvesting has long-lasting impacts on the productivity and aesthetics of private forests. In many instances, landowners who possess high quality timber are at a competitive disadvantage during timber transactions--the time between a decision by the landowner to sell timber and the completion of the timber harvesting operation--as they may lack understanding of...

Natural Resource Information System, remote sensing studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leachtenauer, J.; Hirsch, R.; Williams, V.; Tucker, R.

1972-01-01

Potential applications of remote sensing data were reviewed, and available imagery was interpreted to provide input to a demonstration data base. A literature review was conducted to determine the types and qualities of imagery required to satisfy identified data needs. Ektachrome imagery available over the demonstration areas was reviewed to establish the feasibility of interpreting cultural features, range condition, and timber type. Using the same imagery, a land use map was prepared for the demonstration area. The feasibility of identifying commercial timber areas using a density slicing technique was tested on multispectral imagery available for a portion of the demonstration area.

Multistage variable probability forest volume inventory. [the Defiance Unit of the Navajo Nation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, J. E. (Principal Investigator)

1979-01-01

An inventory scheme based on the use of computer processed LANDSAT MSS data was developed. Output from the inventory scheme provides an estimate of the standing net saw timber volume of a major timber species on a selected forested area of the Navajo Nation. Such estimates are based on the values of parameters currently used for scaled sawlog conversion to mill output. The multistage variable probability sampling appears capable of producing estimates which compare favorably with those produced using conventional techniques. In addition, the reduction in time, manpower, and overall costs lend it to numerous applications.

40 CFR 429.53 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... best available technology economically achievable (BAT): There shall be no discharge of process... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Dry Process Hardboard...

40 CFR 429.171 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best practicable control technology... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture... best practicable control technology currently available (BPT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30...

40 CFR 429.173 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture... best available technology economically achievable (BAT). Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through...

36 CFR 223.45 - Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit. 223.45 Section 223.45 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.45 - Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit. 223.45 Section 223.45 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.45 - Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit. 223.45 Section 223.45 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.45 - Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions applicable to transfer of purchaser credit. 223.45 Section 223.45 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 1989-2010.

Treesearch

David J. Brooks; Richard W. Haynes

1990-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output and timber harvest by owner were developed by using a detailed, trend-based analysis. Historical data for 1965-88 were the basis for projections for 1989-2010. Projections of timber products output for each major product (export logs, sawn wood, and market pulp) were used to compute the derived demand for timber. The...

Remote sensing in forestry: Application to the Amazon region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Tardin, A. T.; Dossantos, A.; Filho, P. H.; Shimabukuro, Y. E.

1981-01-01

The utilization of satellite remote sensing in forestry is reviewed with emphasis on studies performed for the Brazilian Amazon Region. Timber identification, deforestation, and pasture degradation after deforestation are discussed.

Timber resources of northern interior California, 1970.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger

1976-01-01

This report summarizes a timber resource inventory in Lassen, Modoc, Siskiyou, Shasta, and Trinity Counties, California. Included are detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and removals and a discussion of the current timber resource and timber industry situation.

Analytical modeling, finite-difference simulation and experimental validation of air-coupled ultrasound beam refraction and damping through timber laminates, with application to non-destructive testing.

PubMed

Sanabria, Sergio J; Furrer, Roman; Neuenschwander, Jürg; Niemz, Peter; Schütz, Philipp

2015-12-01

Reliable non-destructive testing (NDT) ultrasound systems for timber composite structures require quantitative understanding of the propagation of ultrasound beams in wood. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model is described, which incorporates local anisotropy variations of stiffness, damping and density in timber elements. The propagation of pulsed air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) beams in normal and slanted incidence configurations is reproduced by direct definition of material properties (gas, solid) at each model pixel. First, the model was quantitatively validated against analytical derivations. Time-varying wavefronts in unbounded timber with curved growth rings were accurately reproduced, as well as the acoustic properties (velocity, attenuation, beam skewing) of ACU beams transmitted through timber lamellas. An experimental sound field imaging (SFI) setup was implemented at NDT frequencies (120 kHz), which for specific beam incidence positions allows spatially resolved ACU field characterization at the receiver side. The good agreement of experimental and modeled beam shifts across timber laminates allowed extrapolation of the inner propagation paths. The modeling base is an orthotropic stiffness dataset for the desired wood species. In cross-grain planes, beam skewing leads to position-dependent wave paths. They are well-described in terms of the growth ring curvature, which is obtained by visual observation of the laminate. Extraordinary refraction phenomena were observed, which lead to well-collimated quasi-shear wave coupling at grazing beam incidence angles. The anisotropic damping in cross-grain planes is satisfactorily explained in terms of the known anisotropic stiffness dataset and a constant loss tangent. The incorporation of high-resolution density maps (X-ray computed tomography) provided insight into ultrasound scattering effects in the layered growth ring structure. Finally, the combined potential of the FDTD model and the SFI setup for material property and defect inversion in anisotropic materials was demonstrated. A portable SFI demonstrator was implemented with a multi-sensor MEMs receiver array that captures and compensates for variable wave propagation paths in glued laminated timber, and improves the imaging of lamination defects. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 429.143 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Particleboard Manufacturing Subcategory § 429.143 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction...

40 CFR 429.142 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Particleboard Manufacturing Subcategory § 429.142 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...

40 CFR 429.141 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Particleboard Manufacturing Subcategory § 429.141 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction...

Recycling and reuse of chosen kinds of waste materials in a building industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferek, B.; Harasymiuk, J.; Tyburski, J.

2016-08-01

The article describes the current state of knowledge and practice in Poland concerning recycling as a method of reuse of chosen groups of waste materials in building industry. The recycling of building scraps is imposed by environmental, economic and technological premises. The issue of usage of sewage residues is becoming a problem of ever -growing gravity as the presence of the increasing number of pernicious contaminants makes their utilization for agricultural purposes more and more limited. The strategies of using waste materials on Polish building sites were analyzed. The analysis of predispositions to salvage for a group of traditional materials, such as: timber, steel, building debris, insulation materials, plastics, and on the example of new materials, such as: artificial light aggregates made by appropriate mixing of siliceous aggregates, glass refuses and sewage residues in order to obtain a commodity which is apt for economic usage also was made in the article. The issue of recycling of waste materials originating from building operations will be presented in the context of the binding home and EU legal regulations. It was proved that the level of recycling of building wastes in Poland is considerably different from one which is achieved in the solid market economies, both in quantity and in assortment. The method of neutralization of building refuses in connection with special waste materials, which are sewage sludge that is presented in the article may be one of the alternative solutions to the problem of recycling of these wastes not only on the Polish scale.

Timber Products Supply and Demand

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Robert C. Abt

2002-01-01

This chapter describes historical, current, and projected timber inventories and timber product outputs from southern forests. It also attempts to place these quantities in national and international perspectives. Timber is the most valuable commercial commodity taken from most forests, and its removal strongly influences the character of those forests. Timber is...

Soil response to skidder trafficking and slash application

Treesearch

Brian M. Parkhurst; W. Michael Aust; M. Chad Bolding; Scott M. Barrett; Emily A. Carter

2018-01-01

Ground-based timber harvesting systems are common in the United States. Harvesting machinery can negatively influence soils by increasing erosion and decreasing site productivity. Skid trails can become compacted and erosive. Slash applications to skid trails are effective for erosion control, yet few investigations have examined effects of slash on soil physical...

40 CFR 429.73 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Preserving-Water Borne or Nonpressure Subcategory § 429.73 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...

40 CFR 429.73 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Preserving-Water Borne or Nonpressure Subcategory § 429.73 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...

48 CFR 452.236-79 - Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opted Timber Sale Road... Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements. As prescribed in 436.579, insert the following clause: Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements (NOV 1996) This contract is for the construction of timber sale road(s) which a...

Forest Productivity and Timber Supply Modeling in the South

Treesearch

Frederick Cubbage; Jacek Siry; Robert Abt; David N. Wear; Steverson Moffat

1998-01-01

The South can increase forest productivity on industrial and nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands. As timber markets have improved and timber prices have increased, returns from intensive management are more profitable. The interaction of timber markets, inventory, and prices are analyzed in new southern timber supply models sponsored by the Southern Forest...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan... SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and Provisions § 223.32 Timber sale operating plan. Sale contracts with a term of 2 years or more shall provide...

Parametric and Generative Design Techniques for Digitalization in Building Industry: the Case Study of Glued- Laminated-Timber Industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pasetti Monizza, G.; Matt, D. T.; Benedetti, C.

2016-11-01

According to Wortmann classification, the Building Industry (BI) can be defined as engineer-to-order (ETO) industry: the engineering-process starts only when an order is acquired. This definition implies that every final product (building) is almost unique’ and processes cannot be easily standardized or automated. Because of this, BI is one of the less efficient industries today’ mostly leaded by craftsmanship. In the last years’ several improvements in process efficiency have been made focusing on manufacturing and installation processes only. In order to improve the efficiency of design and engineering processes as well, the scientific community agrees that the most fruitful strategy should be Front-End Design (FED). Nevertheless, effective techniques and tools are missing. This paper discusses outcomes of a research activity that aims at highlighting whether Parametric and Generative Design techniques allow reducing wastes of resources and improving the overall efficiency of the BI, by pushing the Digitalization of design and engineering processes of products. Focusing on the Glued-Laminated-Timber industry, authors will show how Parametric and Generative Design techniques can be introduced in a standard supply-chain system, highlighting potentials and criticism on the supply-chain system as a whole.

The timber industries of southern New England--a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Eric H. Wharton; Eric H. Wharton

1988-01-01

Evaluates regional timber output based on the results of a survey of the timber industries of southern New England. Contains statistics on industrial timber production and receipts in Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, by state and species, log shipments between states, sawmills and lumber production, and the production and disposition of manufacturing...

The forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska: 7. Forest ecology and timber management.

Treesearch

Arland S. Harris; Wilbur A. Farr

1974-01-01

Large-scale use of the timber resource of southeast Alaska began in 1953 after long efforts to establish a timber industry. Development and present status of the industry and present management of the timber resource are summarized, stressing the biological basis for timber management activities in southeast Alaska today. Ecological and silvicultural considerations...

Mechanical grading of oak timbers

Treesearch

David E. Kretschmann; David W. Green

1999-01-01

For many wood species, the grading of timbers [>76 mm (>4-in.) thick] has not changed in decades. Most timbers are still visually graded by methods that originated in the 1930s. Mechanical grading procedures used to accurately grade 38-mm (2-in. nominal) dimension lumber have not been adapted for use with timbers. Furthermore, the only reliable timber test data...

Simulating Timber and Deer Food Potential In Loblolly Pine Plantations

Treesearch

Clifford A. Myers

1977-01-01

This computer program analyzes both timber and deer food production on managed forests, providing estimates of the number of acres required per deer for each week or month, yearly timber cuts, and current timber growing stock, as well as a cost and return analysis of the timber operation. Input variables include stand descriptors, controls on management, stumpage...

Timber RAM. . .a long-range planning method for commercial timber lands under multiple-use management

Treesearch

Daniel I. Navon

1971-01-01

Timber RAM (Resource Allocation Method) is a long-range planning method for commercial timber lands under multiple-use management. Timber RAM can produce cutting and reforestation schedules and related harvest and economic reports. Each schedule optimizes an index of performance, subject to periodic constraints on revenues, costs, and, harvest levels. Periodic...

Spatial ecology of timber rattlesnakes on the hardwood ecosystem experiment: pre-treatment results

Treesearch

Brian J. MacGowan; Zachary J. Walker

2013-01-01

The timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) is a species of conservation concern throughout much of its geographic range and may serve as a sentinel species in investigations of the effects of timber harvesting on forest reptiles. Our objective was to determine the effect of even-aged timber management regimes on timber rattlesnake home range and...

Market Dynamics and Optimal Timber Salvage After a Natural Catastrophe

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Thomas P. Holmes

2004-01-01

Forest-based natural catastrophes are regular features of timber production in the United States, especially from hurricanes, fires, and insect and disease outbreaks. These catastrophes affect timber prices and result in economic transfers. We develop a model of timber market dynamics after such a catastrophe that shows how timber salvage affects the welfare of...

Timber Supply: Mississippi and the South

Treesearch

Robert C. Abt; Fredrick W. Cubbage; Karen J. Lee; Ian Munn

1998-01-01

The availability of timber has become an issue across the South as supplies from other regions are constrained and as demand for timber continues to grow. Whiie any individual state or landowner will have a small impact on national timber supplies, the avaibility of local timber will have a profound effect on local industries. In Mississippi, for example,...

Effects of Timber Harvest on River Food Webs: Physical, Chemical and Biological Responses

PubMed Central

Wootton, J. Timothy

2012-01-01

I compared physical, chemical and biological characteristics of nine rivers running through three timber harvest regimes to investigate the effects of land use on river ecosystems, to determine whether these corresponded to changes linked with downstream location, and to compare the response of different types of indicator variables. Physical variables changed with downstream location, but varied little with timber harvest. Most chemical variables increased strongly with timber harvest, but not with downstream location. Most biological variables did not vary systematically with either timber harvst or downstream location. Dissolved organic carbon did not vary with timber harvest or downstream location, but correlated positively with salmonid abundance. Nutrient manipulations revealed no general pattern of nutrient limitation with timber harvest or downstream location. The results suggest that chemical variables most reliably indicate timber harvest impact in these systems. The biological variables most relevant to human stakeholders were surprisingly insensitive to timber harvest, however, apparently because of decoupling from nutrient responses and unexpectedly weak responses by physical variables. PMID:22957030

76 FR 75560 - Agency Information Collection; Proposed Revisions to a Currently Approved Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-02

... extraction, including sand and gravel removal and timber harvesting. Reclamation reviews applications to... collection of information; (c) Ways to enhance the quality, usefulness, and clarity of the information to be...

Competition for National Forest timber: effects on timber-dependent communities.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes

1983-01-01

Results are reported for three studies that dealt with the influence of timber sale practices on competition for timber in the timber-dependent communities of Medford and Grant County An Oregon and those surrounding the Nezperce National Forest in Idaho. Results are also reported for a fourth study that examines how several firms managed their uncut volume under...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 1992-2010.

Treesearch

D.J. Brooks; R.W. Haynes

1994-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for raw material, and timber harvest by owner are developed from a trend-based analysis. By using a spread-sheet model, material flows in the Alaska forest sectorare fully accounted for. Demand for Alaska national forest timber is projected and depends on product output and harvest by other owners. Key...

The Timber Resource Inventory Model (TRIM): a projection model for timber supply and policy analysis.

Treesearch

P.L. Tedder; R.N. La Mont; J.C. Kincaid

1987-01-01

TRIM (Timber Resource Inventory Model) is a yield table projection system developed for timber supply projections and policy analysis. TRIM simulates timber growth, inventories, management and area changes, and removals over the projection period. Programs in the TRIM system, card-by-card descriptions of required inputs, table formats, and sample results are presented...

Deconstructing the timber volume paradigm in management of the Tongass National Forest.

Treesearch

John P. Caouette; Marc G. Kramer; Gregory J. Nowacki

2000-01-01

Timber volume information and associated maps have been widely used in the Tongass National Forest for land-use planning and timber and wildlife management. Although considerable effort has been expended to improve timber volume maps, little has been done to evaluate the suitability of timber volume as a descriptor of forest character.We established a rough indicator...

Determinants of Non-Timber Values in Wisconsin Northern Hardwoods

Treesearch

Richard Scarpa; Joseph Buongiorno; Karen Lee

1998-01-01

A working definition of non-timber value is the difference between the revenues attainable by implementing an infinite horizon timber revenue maximizing cutting rule, and the value of the observed harvest. This non-timber value was estimated for the stands of the Forest Inventory Analysis data in the maple-beech-birch type in Wisconsin. Non-timber values averaged 23...

Summary of watershed conditions in the vicinity of Redwood National Park, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Janda, Richard J.

1977-01-01

The Redwood Creek Unit of Redwood National Park is located in the downstream end of an exceptionally rapidly eroding drainage basin. Spatial distribution and types of erosional landforms, observed in the field and on time-sequential aerial photographs, measured sediment loads, and the lithologic heterogeneity of streambed materials indicated (1) that sediment discharges reflect a complex suite of natural and man-induced mass movement and fluvial erosion processes operating on a geologically heterogeneous, naturally unstable terrain, and (2) that although infrequent exceptionally intense storms control the timing and general magnitude of major erosion events, the loci, types, and amounts of erosion occurring during those events are substantially influence by land use. Erosional impacts of past timber harvest in the Redwood Creek basin reflect primarily the cumulative impact of many small erosion problems caused not so much by removal. Recently modified riparian and aquatic environments reflect stream channel adjustments to recently increased water and sediment discharges, and are classified by the National Park Service as damaged resources because the modifications reflect, in part, unnatural causes. Newly strengthened State regulations and cooperative review procedures result in proposed timber harvest plans being tailored to specific site conditions, as well as smaller, more dispersed harvest units and more sophisticated attempts at minimizing ground-surface disruption than those used in most previous timber harvesting in this basin. However, application of improved timber harvest technology alone will not assure protection of park resources. Much remaining intact residual commercial old-growth timber is on hillslopes that are steeper, wetter, more susceptible to landsliding, and more nearly adjacent to major stream channels than most of the previously harvested hillslopes in the lower Redwood Creek basin. Moreover, natural debris barriers along streams flowing through remaining old-growth forest have temporarily stored substantial quantities of sediment introduced into streams by recent storms and upstream land-use changes. Removal of merchantable timber from these barriers may destroy their stability and cause rapid release of stored sediment. Additionally, massive erosion in some recently harvested areas suggest that they are so erosionally sensitive that following rehabilitation and reforestation, they should not be reharvested. Thus, in order to maintain site productivity and to protect downstream park resources, some erosionally critical areas may have to be maintained as perpetual timber reserves dedicated to watershed protection. Selective Federal acquisition of just erosionally critical acreage would create ownership patterns that would make management of both parklands and commercial timber lands exceedingly difficult.

36 CFR 221.3 - Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TIMBER MANAGEMENT PLANNING § 221.3 Disposal of national forest timber... and of opportunities for employment. (4) Provide for coordination of timber production and harvesting...

36 CFR 221.3 - Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TIMBER MANAGEMENT PLANNING § 221.3 Disposal of national forest timber... and of opportunities for employment. (4) Provide for coordination of timber production and harvesting...

40 CFR 429.170 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and Fixture...; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray booth(s) or with laundry...

40 CFR 429.170 - Applicability; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability; description of the wood... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS TIMBER PRODUCTS PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Wood Furniture and Fixture...; description of the wood furniture and fixture production with water wash spray booth(s) or with laundry...

Projected US timber and primary forest product market impacts of climate change mitigation through timber set-asides

Treesearch

Prakash Nepal; Peter J. Ince; Kenneth E. Skog; Sun J. Chang

2013-01-01

Whereas climate change mitigation involving payments to forest landowners for accumulating carbon on their land may increase carbon stored in forests, it will also affect timber supply and prices. This study estimated the effect on US timber and primary forest product markets of hypothetical timber set-aside scenarios where US forest landowners would be paid to forego...

The timber resources of Rhode Island

Treesearch

Roland H. Ferguson; John R. McGuire; John R. McGuire

1957-01-01

This is a report on the first comprehensive survey ever made of the timber resources of Rhode Island. It shows, for the years 1952 and 1953, the area and condition of the forest land, the volume and quality of standing timber, the rates of timber growth and mortality, and the extent of timber cutting for forest products. The survey was made by the Forest Service as...

Emissions of toxic pollutants from co-combustion of demolition and construction wood and household waste fuel blends.

PubMed

Edo, Mar; Ortuño, Núria; Persson, Per-Erik; Conesa, Juan A; Jansson, Stina

2018-07-01

Four different types of fuel blends containing demolition and construction wood and household waste were combusted in a small-scale experimental set-up to study the effect of fuel composition on the emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), chlorobenzenes (PCBzs), chlorophenols (PCPhs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Two woody materials, commercial stemwood (ST) and demolition and construction wood (DC) were selected because of the differences in their persistent organic pollutants (POPs), ash and metals content. For household waste, we used a municipal solid waste (MSW) and a refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from MSW with 5-20 wt% and up to 5 wt% food waste content respectively. No clear effect on the formation of pollutants was observed with different food waste content in the fuel blends tested. Combustion of ST-based fuels was very inefficient which led to high PAH emissions (32 ± 3.8 mg/kg fuel ). The use of DC clearly increased the total PCDD and PCDF emissions (71 ± 26 μg/kg fuel ) and had a clear effect on the formation of toxic congeners (210 ± 87 ng WHO 2005 -TEQ/kg fuel ). The high PCDD and PCDF emissions from DC-based fuels can be attributed to the presence of material contaminants such as small pieces of metals or plastics as well as timber treated with chromated copper arsenate preservatives and pentachlorophenol in the DC source. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A timber bridge initiative for Virginia : special report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-01-01

This report presents a plan for a timber bridge initiative in Virginia. It addresses (1) the immediate and future potential for using timber in the replacement of many of Virginia's bridges, (2) the available timber resources in Southside Virginia, (...

Remote sensing applications program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The activities of the Mississippi Remote Sensing Center are described in addition to technology transfer and information dissemination, remote sensing topics such as timber identification, water quality, flood prevention, land use, erosion control, animal habitats, and environmental impact studies are also discussed.

Timber production assessment of a plantation forest: An integrated framework with field-based inventory, multi-source remote sensing data and forest management history

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Tian; Zhu, Jiaojun; Deng, Songqiu; Zheng, Xiao; Zhang, Jinxin; Shang, Guiduo; Huang, Liyan

2016-10-01

Timber production is the purpose for managing plantation forests, and its spatial and quantitative information is critical for advising management strategies. Previous studies have focused on growing stock volume (GSV), which represents the current potential of timber production, yet few studies have investigated historical process-harvested timber. This resulted in a gap in a synthetical ecosystem service assessment of timber production. In this paper, we established a Management Process-based Timber production (MPT) framework to integrate the current GSV and the harvested timber derived from historical logging regimes, trying to synthetically assess timber production for a historical period. In the MPT framework, age-class and current GSV determine the times of historical thinning and the corresponding harvested timber, by using a ;space-for-time; substitution. The total timber production can be estimated by the historical harvested timber in each thinning and the current GSV. To test this MPT framework, an empirical study on a larch plantation (LP) with area of 43,946 ha was conducted in North China for a period from 1962 to 2010. Field-based inventory data was integrated with ALOS PALSAR (Advanced Land-Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data for estimating the age-class and current GSV of LP. The random forest model with PALSAR backscatter intensity channels and OLI bands as input predictive variables yielded an accuracy of 67.9% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.59 for age-class classification. The regression model using PALSAR data produced a root mean square error (RMSE) of 36.5 m3 ha-1. The total timber production of LP was estimated to be 7.27 × 106 m3, with 4.87 × 106 m3 in current GSV and 2.40 × 106 m3 in harvested timber through historical thinning. The historical process-harvested timber accounts to 33.0% of the total timber production, which component has been neglected in the assessments for current status of plantation forests. Synthetically considering the RMSE for predictive GSV and misclassification of age-class, the error in timber production were supposed to range from -55.2 to 56.3 m3 ha-1. The MPT framework can be used to assess timber production of other tree species at a larger spatial scale, providing crucial information for a better understanding of forest ecosystem service.

78 FR 73818 - Information Collection; Timber Sale Contract Operations and Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Information Collection; Timber Sale Contract Operations...-0225, Timber Sale Contract Operations and Administration. DATES: Comments must be received in writing.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Timber Sale Contract Operations and Administration. OMB Number: 0596-0225...

Timber resources of southwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett

1979-01-01

This report presents statistics from a 1973 inventory of timber resources of Douglas County and from a 1974 inventory of timber resources of Coos, Curry, Jackson, and Josephine Counties, Oregon. Tables presented are of forest area and of timber volume, growth, and mortality.

Effect of heart checks on flexural properties of reclaimed 6 by 8 Douglas-fir timbers

Treesearch

David W. Green; Robert H. Falk; Scott F. Lantz

2001-01-01

A sampling of nominal 6- by 8-inch (standard 140- by 184-mm) Douglas-fir timbers was obtained from an industrial military building in Minnesota. Thirty selected timbers had heart checks (boxed heart splits), which are characteristic of most old timbers installed in dry locations. Sixty selected timbers did not have heart checks. Most of the beams would grade as Select...

Value of timber and agricultural products in the United States, 1991

Treesearch

D. B. McKeever; J. L. Howard

1996-01-01

In the United States, timber and agriculture are two important components of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The purpose of this study was to quantify the volume and value of timber in the U.S. economy in 1991 and compare the value of timber with that of agriculture. Combined, timber and agriculture accounted for 6.2 percent of total GDP in 1991, and 13.2 percent of...

Relationship of stump diameter to d.b.h. for white pine in the northeast

Treesearch

Jesse D. Diller

1954-01-01

A need to estimate the volume cut from a timber tract when only the stumps are left is often felt by foresters, timber operators, and landowners. This need arises in areas where timber sales are based on stump diameters, in timber trespass cases, in check cruises on marked timber sales (to determine volume cut from unmarked trees), and as an aid in piecing together the...

Physical suitability of Appalachian hardwood sawlogs for sawed timbers

Treesearch

Lawrence D. Garrett

1970-01-01

A study of the physical suitability of Appalachian hardwood sawlogs for manufacture of sawed timbers revealed that: most grade 1 logs can be used to saw timbers as large as 8 by 9 inches, end dimension; most grade 2 logs are suited for manufacture of timbers 6 by 8 inches and smaller; and most grade 3 logs are suited for manufacture of timbers 5 by 7 inches and smaller...

36 CFR 223.49 - Downpayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 223.49 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale... purchaser bids for timber offered. (3) Lump sum timber sales are premeasured sales where the entire value of...

36 CFR 223.49 - Downpayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 223.49 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and Provisions § 223.49... excess of the advertised value that a purchaser bids for timber offered. (3) Lump sum timber sales are...

48 CFR 436.579 - Opted timber sale road requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Sale Road Requirements, in road construction contracts resulting from a timber sale turnback. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opted timber sale road... CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 436.579 Opted timber...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scott, W.E.

As Australia's self-sufficiency in petroleum is rapidly declining and a liquid-fuel crisis looms large on the horizon, the government is backing research into biomass-derived fuels. An Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization group determined that such fuels could play a major role in supplementing the liquid fuels. They envisaged that two kinds of alcohol could be used. Ethanol would be produced by the fermentation of starches and sugars derived from special energy crops. A similar compound, methanol, or wood alcohol, would be made from fibrous or woody plant materials, namely: cereal straw, bagasse, logging and timber-mill wastes, and othermore » residues. Recently, trials were begun with a pilot-scale digester to convert waste foods into methane. Working properly, it is expected to generate the equivalent of about 30 litres of petrol per day. Generally, production costs of biomass-derived fuels are expected to be about 2 to 3 times those of petrol, with world crude oil prices at October 1978 levels.« less

Bonding Strength Properties of Adhesively-Timber Joint with Thixotropic and Room Temperature Cured Epoxy Based Adhesive Reinforced with Nano- and Micro-particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmad, Z.; Ansell, M. P.; Smedley, D.

2011-02-01

This research work is concerned with in situ bonded-in timber connection using pultruded rod; where the manufacturing of such joint requires adhesive which can produce thick glue-lines and does not allow any use of pressure and heat. Four types of thixotropic (for ease application) and room temperature cured epoxy based were used namely CB10TSS (regarded as standards adhesive), Nanopox (modification of CB10TSS with addition of nanosilica), Albipox (modification of CB10TSS with addition of liquid rubber) and Timberset (an epoxy-based adhesive with addition of micro-size ceramic particles). The quality of the adhesive bonds was accessed using block shear test in accordance with ASTM D905. The bond strength depends on how good the adhesive wet the timber surface. Therefore the viscosity and contact angle was also measured. The nano- and microfiller additions increased the bond strength significantly. The viscosity correlates well with contact angle measurements where lower viscosities are associated with lower contact angles. However contact angle contradicts with measured strength and wettability.

The fourth Minnesota forest inventory: timber volumes and projections of timber supply.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer

1982-01-01

The fourth inventory of Minnesota's forest resources shows a 21% increase in growing-stock volume between 1962 and 1977, from 9.4 to 11.5 billion cubic feet. Presented are text and statistics on timber volume, growth, mortality, removals, and future timber supply.

Understanding the relationships between American ginseng harvest and hardwood forests inventory and timber harvest to improve co-management of the forests of eastern United States

Treesearch

James L. Chamberlain; Stephen Prisley; Michael McGuffin

2013-01-01

The roots of American ginseng have been harvested from the hardwood forests of eastern United States, along-side timber, since the mid-1700s. Very little is known about this non-timber commodity relative to timber, although significant volumes of ginseng root have been harvested from the same forests along with timber. The harvest of ginseng correlated positively and...

New York Timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Everett L Sochia; Thomas H. Wahl; Thomas H. Wahl

1982-01-01

Reports the results of a survey of the timber industries of New York; contains statistics on industrial timber production and receipts, and production and disposition of the manufacturing residues. Comparisons are made with the most recent survey, and trends in industrial wood output are noted. Includes 18 statistical tables.

Timber in Missouri, 1972.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Burton L. Essex

1976-01-01

The third inventory of Missouri's timber resource shows a small gain in growing-stock volume and a somewhat larger gain in sawtimber volume since 1959. Area of commercial forest declined sharply between surveys. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, and forest management...

Enviromentally Sound Timber Extracting Techniques for Small Tree Harvesting

Treesearch

Lihai Wang

1999-01-01

Due to large area disturbed and great deal of energy cost during-its operations, introducing or applying the appropriate timber extracting techniques could significantly reduce the impact of timber extraction operations to forest environment while pursuing the reasonable operation costs. Four environmentally sound timber extraction techniques for small tree harvesting...

Likelihood of Timber Management on Nonindustrial Private Forests: Evidence From Research Studies

Treesearch

Ralph J. Alig; Karen J. Lee; Robert J. Moulton

1990-01-01

Research on timber management tendencies by nonindustrial private forest owners, while sometimes conflicting, provides useful information to support policy analyses of timber supply and investment behavior. Numerous research studies regarding tree planting, intermediate stand treatments, and timber harvesting are reviewed. Conclusive research findings include that: (1...

Estimating timber supply from private forests

Treesearch

D.F. Dennis

1991-01-01

Nonindustrial private landowners, who hold a majority of the Nation's commercial forests, own land primarily for reasons other than timber production. The multiple objective and dynamic nature of private ownership make planning and estimation of timber availability from this sector extremely difficult. Insight into the determinants of timber supply from private...

Alabama's timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Jim R. Gober; J. Stephen Nix

1998-01-01

Output of Industrial Timber Products.Note: The reader must understand that certain terms, namely-retained, export, import, production, and receipts-have specialized meanings and relationships. unique to the Forest Inventory and Analysis Units across the country that deal with timber products output.In 1995, the combined...

25 CFR 163.3 - Scope and objectives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... principles of sustained yield and with the standards and objectives set forth in forest management plans by providing effective management and protection through the application of sound silvicultural and economic principles to the harvesting of forest products, forestation, timber stand improvement and other forestry...

Numerical simulation on behaviour of timber-concrete composite beams in fire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Hao; Hu, Xiamin; Zhang, Bing; Minli, Yao

2017-08-01

This paper established sequentially coupled thermal-mechanical models of timber--concrete composite (TCC) beams by finite element software ANSYS to investigate the fire resistance of TCC beam. Existing experimental results were used to verify the coupled thermal-mechanical model. The influencing parameters consisted of the width of timber beam, the thickness of the concrete slab and the timber board. Based on the numerical results, the effects of these parameters on fire resistance of TCC beams were investigated in detail. The results showed that modeling results agreed well with test results, and verified the reliability of the finite element model. The width of the timber beam had a significant influence on the fire resistance of TCC beams. The fire resistance of TCC beams would be enhanced by increasing the width of timber beam, the thickness of concrete slab and the timber board.

76 FR 9962 - Surety Bond Guarantee Program; Timber Sales

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... and performance bonds for timber sale contracts awarded by the Federal Government or other public and... that the exception for timber sale contracts applies only to bid and performance bonds. Bid bonds are..., except for contracts in connection with bid and performance bonds for the sale of timber and/or other...

Aggregate Timber Supply: From the Forest to the Market

Treesearch

David N. Wear; Subhrendu K. Pattanayak

2003-01-01

Timber supply modeling is a means of formalizing the production behavior of heterogeneous landowners managing a wide variety of forest types and vintages within a region. The critical challenge of timber supply modeling is constructing theoretically valid and empirically practical aggregate descriptions of harvest behavior. Understanding timber supply is essential for...

Timber resource statistics for eastern Washington, 1995.

Treesearch

Neil McKay; Patricia M. Bassett; Colin D. MacLean

1995-01-01

This report summarizes a 1990-91 timber resource inventory of Washington east of the crest of the Cascade Range. The inventory was conducted on all private and public lands except National Forests. Timber resource statistics from National Forest inventories also are presented. Detailed tables provide estimates of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and...

A second look a North Dakota's timber lands, 1980.

Treesearch

Pamela J. Jakes; W. Brad Smith

1982-01-01

The second inventory of North Dakota forest resources shows a decline in commercial forest area between 1954 and 1980. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, timber use, forest management opportunities, and nontimber forest resources. A forest type map is included.

Wisconsin's 1968 timber resource--a perspective.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Harry W. Thorne

1972-01-01

The third inventory of Wisconsin's timber resource shows substantial gains in growing-stock and sawtimber volumes since 1956, in spite of a small decline in area of commercial forest land. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, and use in 1968. Two 30-year projections of timber growth, removals...

36 CFR 221.3 - Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Disposal of national forest timber according to management plans. 221.3 Section 221.3 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TIMBER MANAGEMENT PLANNING § 221.3 Disposal of national forest timber...

An economic analysis of mine-timber marketing in West Virginia

Treesearch

Henry H. Webster

1956-01-01

Coal mines have long provided a major outlet for the timber products of West Virginia. Although the structure and operation of mine-timber markets is little understood, the efficiency of the marketing system undoubtedly affects the decisions of most of the 130,000 farm and other private timber-growing enterprises in the state.

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

46 CFR 42.25-20 - Computation for freeboard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... freeboard. (a) The minimum summer freeboards must be computed in accordance with §§ 42.20-5 (a) and (b), 42... the summer timber freeboard one thirty-sixth of the molded summer timber draft. (c) The winter North...(d)(1). (d) The tropical timber freeboard shall be obtained by deducting from the summer timber...

Timber resource of Missouri's Southwest Ozarks.

Treesearch

Patrick D. Miles

1990-01-01

Timber inventory report for twelve county area in southwest Missouri. Forest land comprises approximately half the land area of these counties. Timber removals are less than half of growth. Timber volume and growth continue to increase as large areas of regenerated stands achieve sawtimber size. Highlights and statistics are presented on area, volume, growth,...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use.

Treesearch

James E. Blyth; James W. Whipple; W. Brad Smith

1989-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends, production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs, and production of other timber products in 1986. Reports on logging residue, on timber removals, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Timber management planning with timber ram and goal programming

Treesearch

Richard C. Field

1978-01-01

By using goal programming to enhance the linear programming of Timber RAM, multiple decision criteria were incorporated in the timber management planning of a National Forest in the southeastern United States. Combining linear and goal programming capitalizes on the advantages of the two techniques and produces operationally feasible solutions. This enhancement may...

Regional cost information for private timberland conversion and management.

Treesearch

Lucas S Bair; Ralph J. Alig

2006-01-01

Cost of private timber management practices in the United States are identified, and their relationship to timber production in general is highlighted. Costs across timber-producing regions and forest types are identified by forest type and timber management practices historically applied in each region. This includes cost estimates for activities such as forest...

Opportunity costs of carbon sequestration in a forest concession in central Africa.

PubMed

Ndjondo, Michel; Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie; Manlay, Raphaël J; Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier; Ngomanda, Alfred; Romero, Claudia; Claeys, Florian; Picard, Nicolas

2014-12-01

A large proportion of the tropical rain forests of central Africa undergo periodic selective logging for timber harvesting. The REDD+ mechanism could promote less intensive logging if revenue from the additional carbon stored in the forest compensates financially for the reduced timber yield. Carbon stocks, and timber yields, and their associated values, were predicted at the scale of a forest concession in Gabon over a project scenario of 40 yr with reduced logging intensity. Considering that the timber contribution margin (i.e. the selling price of timber minus its production costs) varies between 10 and US$40 m -3 , the minimum price of carbon that enables carbon revenues to compensate forgone timber benefits ranges between US$4.4 and US$25.9/tCO 2 depending on the management scenario implemented. Where multiple suppliers of emission reductions compete in a REDD+ carbon market, tropical timber companies are likely to change their management practices only if very favourable conditions are met, namely if the timber contribution margin remains low enough and if alternative management practices and associated incentives are appropriately chosen.

Geologic map of the Paintbrush Canyon Area, Yucca Mountain, Nevada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dickerson, R.P.; Drake, R.M. II

This geologic map is produced to support site characterization studies of Yucca Mountain, Nevada, site of a potential nuclear waste storage facility. The area encompassed by this map lies between Yucca Wash and Fortymile Canyon, northeast of Yucca Mountain. It is on the southern flank of the Timber Mountain caldera complex within the southwest Nevada volcanic field. Miocene tuffs and lavas of the Calico Hills Formation, the Paintbrush Group, and the Timber Mountain Group crop out in the area of this map. The source vents of the tuff cones and lava domes commonly are located beneath the thickest deposits ofmore » pyroclastic ejecta and lava flows. The rocks within the mapped area have been deformed by north- and northwest-striking, dominantly west-dipping normal faults and a few east-dipping normal faults. Faults commonly are characterized by well developed fault scarps, thick breccia zones, and hanging-wall grabens. Latest movement as preserved by slickensides on west-dipping fault scarps is oblique down towards the southwest. Two of these faults, the Paintbrush Canyon fault and the Bow Ridge fault, are major block-bounding faults here and to the south at Yucca Mountain. Offset of stratigraphic units across faults indicates that faulting occurred throughout the time these volcanic units were deposited.« less

Minnesota forest statistics, 1977.

Treesearch

Pamela J. Jakes

1980-01-01

Presents highlights and statistics from the Fourth Minnesota Forest Inventory. Includes detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, net annual growth, timber removals, mortality, and timber products output.

31 CFR 593.510 - Transactions related to the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. 593.510 Section 593.510... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. Except as otherwise... into the United States of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia are authorized. ...

Forensic timber identification: It's time to integrate disciplines to combat illegal logging

Treesearch

Eleanor E. Dormontt; Markus Boner; Birgit Braun; Gerhard Breulmann; Bernd Degen; Edgard Espinoza; Shelley Gardner; Phil Guillery; John C. Hermanson; Gerald Koch; Soon Leong Lee; Milton Kanashiro; Anto Rimbawanto; Darren Thomas; Alex C. Wiedenhoeft; Yafang Yin; Johannes Zahnen; Andrew J. Lowe

2015-01-01

The prosecution of illegal logging crimes is hampered by a lack of available forensic timber identification tools, both for screening of suspectmaterial and definitive identification of illegally sourcedwood. Reputable timber traders are also struggling to police their own supply chains and comply with the growing requirement for due diligence with respect to timber...

Fiber stress values for design of glulam timber utility structures

Treesearch

R. Hernandez; R. C. Moody; R. H. Falk

In this study, we developed a simple equation to calculate average fiber stress values for design of glued-laminated (glulam) timber utility structures as a function of design bending stress. We took design stress in bending values specified by the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) for various combinations of glulam timber, applied appropriate end-use...

Pennsylvania timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

James T. Bones; John K., Jr. Sherwood

1978-01-01

A periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output based on a survey of the primary wood-manufacturing plants in Pennsylvania. Contains statistics on the industrial timber harvest and plant wood-receipts in 1976, and the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues that resulted. The 166 million cubic feet of industrial wood produced in 1976...

The aggregate timberland assessment system—ATLAS: a comprehensive timber projection model.

Treesearch

J.R. Mills; J.C. Kincaid

1992-01-01

The aggregate timberland assessment system is a time-based deterministic timber projection model. It was developed by the USDA Forest Service to address broad policy questions related to future timber supplies for the 1989 Renewable Resources Planning Act timber assessment. An open framework design allows for customizing inputs to account for regional and subregional...

Substitution and the USDA Forest Service log export restrictions.

Treesearch

Gary R. Lindell

1980-01-01

With some exceptions, the substitution of national forest timber for exported private timber is forbidden by regulations. Certain firms may use a limited amount of national forest timber as replacement for exported private timber, however, in accordance with their pattern of purchases and exports from 1971 through 1973. About 359 million board feet of national forest...

The 2005 RPA timber assessment update.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes; Darius M. Adams; Ralph J. Alig; Peter J. Ince; John R. Mills; Xiaoping. Zhou

2007-01-01

This update reports changes in the Nation's timber resource since the Analysis of the Timber Situation in the United States was completed in 2003. Prospective trends in demands for and supplies of timber, and the factors that affect these trends are examined. These trends include changes in the U.S. economy, increased salvage of British Columbia beetle-killed...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public...

Ohio timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Robert B. Redett

1980-01-01

A periodic evaluation of industrial timber output in Ohio based on a statewide survey of the primary wood manufacturing plants. Contains statistics on the industrial timber harvest and plant wood receipts in 1978, and the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues that resulted. The 74 million cubic feet (ft³) or 2.2 million cubic meters (m...

7. VIEW OF TRICOMPOSITE ROOF STRUCTURE. TOP CHORDS ARE TIMBER. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW OF TRICOMPOSITE ROOF STRUCTURE. TOP CHORDS ARE TIMBER. TENSION RODS (THIN METAL RODS EXTENDING DIAGONALLY FROM THE HORIZONTAL TIMBER BRACE) ARE WROUGHT IRON. SOLID CRUCIFORM SHAPED COMPRESSION MEMBERS EXTENDING DOWNWARD FROM THE TIMBER TOP CHORD ARE MADE OF CAST IRON - North Central Railroad, Baltimore Freight House, Guilford & Centre Streets, Baltimore, Independent City, MD

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223... AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER General Provisions § 223.14 Where timber may be cut. (a) The cutting of trees, portions of trees or other forest products may be authorized on any National...

The Southern Timber Market to 2040

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Robert C. Abt

2002-01-01

Timber market analysis of the South's predominantly private timberland finds that the 13 southern states produce nearly 60 percent of the nation's timber, an increase from the mid-1900s. Projections with the Subregional Timber Supply model show that, despite a 67 percent increase in the area of pine plantations, the South will experience a 2 percent decline...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.205 - Prohibition on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... round log or timber product originating in Liberia. 593.205 Section 593.205 Money and Finance: Treasury... on the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia. Except as otherwise... section, the importation into the United States, directly or indirectly, of any round log or timber...

31 CFR 593.510 - Transactions related to the importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. 593.510 Section 593.510... importation of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia authorized. Except as otherwise... into the United States of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia are authorized. ...

Trends in Timber Use and Product Recovery in New York

Treesearch

Eric H. Wharton; Thomas W. Birch; Thomas W. Birch

1999-01-01

High demand for a variety of timber products from New York's forests has stimulated increased timber utilization and product recovery. Utilization studies in New York suggest that the recovery of timber has improved over the years. Although current methods of multiproduct harvesting have improved recovery of residual material, an estimated 38.6 million cubic feet...

Missouri timber industry - an assessment of timber product output and use, 2003

Treesearch

Thomas B. Treiman; Ronald J. Piva

2005-01-01

Discusses recent Missouri forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, cooperage, and other timber products in 2003. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of mill...

Missouri timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2000.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Thomas B. Treiman

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Missouri forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, pulpwood, cooperage, and other timber products in 2000. Reports in logging residue generated from other timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of...

Alternative silvicultural practices in Appalachian forest ecosystems: implications for species diversity, ecosystem resilience, and commercial timber production

Treesearch

Thomas R. Fox; Carola A. Haas; David W. Smith; David L. Loftis; Shepard M. Zedaker; Robert H. Jones; A.L. Hammett

2007-01-01

Increasing demands for timber and non-timber forest products often conflict with demands to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem processes. To examine tradeoffs between these goals, we implemented six alternative management systems using a stand-level, replicated experiment. The treatments included four silvicultural regeneration methods designed to sustain timber...

Impacts on South Carolina timber production over the last five decades.

Treesearch

Jinglong Mo; Thomas Straka; Richard Harper

2013-01-01

Timberland ownership patterns and national forest timber harvesting policy have undergone significant changes in South Carolina over the past five decades. Timber output studies for the state commonly focused on short time frames and seldom addressed timberland ownership patterns in detail. We describe fifty-year timber output for South Carolina, allowing us to address...

Tongass National Forest timber demand: projections for 2015 to 2030

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels; Michael D. Paruszkiewicz; Susan J. Alexander

2016-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output; the derived demand for logs, lumber, residues, and niche products; and timber harvest by owner were developed using a trend-based analysis. This is the fifth such analysis performed since 1990 to assist planners in meeting statutory requirements for estimating planning-cycle demand for timber from the Tongass National...

Michigan timber industry: An assessment of timber product output and use, 2004

Treesearch

David E. Haugen; Anthony K. Weatherspoon

2010-01-01

Reports forest-industry trends, production and receipts of industrial roundwood, and production of saw logs, veneer logs, excelsior/shavings, and other products for Michigan's timber industry in 2004. Also reports logging residue generated from timber harvest operations in Michigan as well as the generation and disposition of wood and bark residue generated by...

Georgia's timber, 1972

Treesearch

Herbert A. Knight; Joe P. McClure

1974-01-01

The fourth survey of Georgia's timber resource, completed in November 1972, shows improved timber supplies across most of the State since 1961. Inventory volume increased from 19.6 to 25.3 billion cubic feet, or by 29 percent. A group of counties south of the Altamaha river in Southeast Georgia was the only extensive area which experienced a reduction in timber...

Recommendations for sustainable development of non-timber forest products

Treesearch

Gina H. Mohammed

2001-01-01

Non-timber forest products--or NTFPs--are considered here to be botanical products harvested or originating from forest-based species, but excluding primary timber products, industrial boards and composites, and paper products. A recent study of non-timber forest products in Ontario, Canada, identified at least 50 types of NTFPs and hundreds of specific products used...

Timber resource statistics for timberland outside National Forests in eastern Oregon.

Treesearch

Neil McKay; Gary J. Lettman; Mary A. Mei

1994-01-01

This report summarizes a 1992 timber resource inventory Of timberland outside National Forests in eastern Oregon. The report presents statistical tables of timberland area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest. It also displays tables of revised 1986-87 timber resource statistics for timberland outside National Forests; the 1992 and 1986-87 tables may be...

An Analysis of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber-Concrete Composite Beams with Profiled Sheeting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szumigała, Maciej; Szumigała, Ewa; Polus, Łukasz

2017-12-01

This paper presents an analysis of timber-concrete composite beams. Said composite beams consist of rectangular timber beams and concrete slabs poured into the steel sheeting. The concrete slab is connected with the timber beam using special shear connectors. The authors of this article are trying to patent these connectors. The article contains results from a numerical analysis. It is demonstrated that the type of steel sheeting used as a lost formwork has an influence on the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the timber-concrete composite beams.

Below-cost timber sales and the political marketplace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortner, Hanna J.; Schweitzer, Dennis L.

1993-01-01

Political pressures exist to increase the economic efficiency of timber management and production on the national forests managed by the USDA Forest Service. There is growing belief both outside and within the Forest Service that current levels of timber production, and most particularly uneconomic timber production, should be reduced. Many argue that eliminating uneconomic timber management programs will both save money and reduce environmental degradation. This article traces the political evolution of the focus on economic efficiency in timber production and explores the political-institutional factors that are shaping the current policy debate. The below-cost issue is less about economic efficiency than it is about political advantage and alternative political visions of the societal role of the nation's national forests now and in the future.

36 CFR 223.234 - Determination of responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Special Forest Products Award of Contracts... Officer shall not award a contract, permit, or other instrument authorizing the sale of special forest... under all applicable laws and regulations; (6) The declared high bidder has a satisfactory performance...

36 CFR 223.215 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Special... Public Law 108-108, special forest products that are also forest botanical products shall be sold, or... forest botanical pilot program. A commercial sale of special forest products shall be governed by a...

36 CFR 223.215 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Special... Public Law 108-108, special forest products that are also forest botanical products shall be sold, or... forest botanical pilot program. A commercial sale of special forest products shall be governed by a...

Development of a six-year research needs assessment for timber transportation structures

Treesearch

Terry J. Wipf; Michael A. Ritter; Sheila Rimal Duwadi; Russell C. Moody

1993-01-01

A timber bridge, once a thing of the past, is now becoming a thing of the present. Interest in timber bridges and other transportation structures has been rapidly increasing. Much of this is due to new technologies in design and construction as well as advances in material manufacturing and presevative treatments. Although timber bridges and other transportation...

South Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2004

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Gregory J. Josten; Richard D. Mayko

2006-01-01

Discusses recent South Dakota forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; production of saw logs in 2004; and compares 2004 production and receipts with the results of the 1999 timber product output study. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-...

Guidelines for design, installation, and maintenance of a waterproof wearing surface for timber bridge decks

Treesearch

Richard E. Weyers; Joseph R. Loferski; J. Daniel Dolan; John E. Haramis; Joseph H. Howard; Lola Hislop

2001-01-01

To enhance long-term timber bridge performance, timber material must be protected from moisture. Wearing surfaces made of asphalt pavement with and without a waterproof membrane have been used to provide protection from moisture on timber decks. This type of wearing surface also protects the deck from other damage while providing a smooth, skid-resistant surface....

How might FIA deliver more information on status and trends of non-timber forest products?

Treesearch

Stephen P. Prisley

2015-01-01

Data from the Forest Inventory and Analysis program (including the Timber Products Output portion) are critical for assessing the sustainability of US timber production. Private sector users of this information rely on it for strategic planning, and their strong support of the FIA program has helped to ensure funding and program viability. Non-timber forest products...

The timber industries of New Hampshire and Vermont: a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Nicolas Engalichev; William C. Gove

1986-01-01

This periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output is based on canvasses of the primary wood manufacturing plants in New Hampshire and Vermont. The report contains statistics on industrial timber products and plant wood receipts in 1982, and the production and disposition of the manufacturing plant residues that resulted. The 129.4 million cubic feet (3.7...

Maine timber industries - a periodic assessment of timber output

Treesearch

Robert L., Jr. Nevel; Peter R. Lammert; Richard H. Widmann

1985-01-01

This periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output is based on a survey of the primary wood manufacturing plants located in Maine in 1981. It contains statistics on industrial timber harvest and plant wood reciepts and on the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues for the year. The 438.7 million ft? (12.4 million m?) of industrial...

California’s forest products industry and timber harvest, 2006

Treesearch

Todd A. Morgan; Jason P. Brandt; Kathleen E. Songster; Charles E. Keegan; Glenn A. Christensen

2012-01-01

This report traces the flow of California’s 2006 timber harvest through the primary wood products industry (i.e., firms that process timber into manufactured products such as lumber, as well as facilities such as pulp mills and particleboard plants, which use the wood fiber or mill residue directly from timber processors) and provides a description of the structure,...

The 1993 timber assessment market model: structure, projections, and policy simulations.

Treesearch

Darius M. Adams; Richard W. Haynes

1996-01-01

The 1993 timber assessment market model (TAMM) is a spatial model of the solidwood and timber inventory elements of the U.S. forest products sector. The TAMM model provides annual projections of volumes and prices in the solidwood products and sawtimber stumpage markets and estimates of total timber harvest and inventory by geographic region for periods of up to 50...

An analysis of the timber situation in the United States: 1952 to 2050.

Treesearch

Richard W. Haynes

2003-01-01

For more than a century, national assessments of supply and demand trends for timber have helped shape perceptions of future commodity consumption and resource trends. These perceptions have guided forest policy. Since 1952, U.S. timber harvest has risen by nearly 67 percent, accompanied by growing timber inventories on both public and private lands, but there has been...

43 CFR 5511.1-1 - Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public lands.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Free use of timber on mineral and... USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.1-1 Free use of timber on mineral and nonmineral public... public lands as follows: (1) Mineral lands, unoccupied and unreserved and not subject to entry under...

Timber resource statistics of the northern interior resource area of California.

Treesearch

Perry Colclasure; Joel Moen; Charles L. Bolsinger

1986-01-01

This report is one of five that provide timber resource statistics for 57 of the 58 counties in California (San Francisco is excluded). This report presents statistics from a 1981-84 inventory of the timber resources of Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties. Tables presented are of forest area and of timber volume, growth, and mortality. Timberland area...

Timber resource statistics of the north coast resource area of California.

Treesearch

J.D. Lloyd; Joel Moen; Charles L. Bolsinger

1986-01-01

This report is one of five that provide timber resource statistics for 57 of the 58 counties in California (San Francisco is excluded). This report presents statistics from a 1981-84 inventory of the timber resources of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, and Sonoma Counties. Tables presented are of forest area and of timber volume, growth, and mortality. The north coast...

Photographic technology development project: Timber typing in the Tahoe Basin using high altitude panoramic photography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ward, J. F.

1981-01-01

Procedures were developed and tested for using KA-80A optical bar camera panoramic photography for timber typing forest land and classifying nonforest land. The study area was the south half of the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. Final products from this study include four timber type map overlays on 1:24,000 orthophoto maps. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) established conventional timber typing procedures can be used on panoramic photography if the necessary equipment is available, (2) The classification and consistency results warrant further study in using panoramic photography for timber typing; and (3) timber type mapping can be done as fast or faster with panoramic photography than with resource photography while maintaining comparable accuracy.

36 CFR 223.13 - Compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance. 223.13 Section... OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER General Provisions § 223.13 Compliance. Forest officers authorizing free use shall ensure that such use is in compliance with applicable land management plans and is...

Timber Volume in Indiana, 1967.

Treesearch

Arnold J. Ostrom

1969-01-01

The recently completed Second Forest Survey of Indiana shows that the State's timber volume has increased by one-fourth in the 17 years since the previous survey. Timber volume by county is presented.

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 2005-25

Treesearch

A. Brackley; T. Rojas; R. Haynes

2006-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for logs and chips, and timber harvest by owner are developed by using a trend-based analysis. These are revised projections of those made in 1990, 1994, and 1997, and reflect the consequences of recent changes in the Alaska forest sector and trends in markets for Alaska products. With the cancellation of...

Timber resource statistics for the Upper Yukon inventory unit, Alaska, 1980.

Treesearch

Willem W.S. van Hees

1987-01-01

The 1980 inventory of the forest resources of the Upper Yukon unit was designed to produce inventory estimates of timberland area, volume of timber, and volumes of timber growth and mortality. Timberland area is estimated at 742,000 acres. Cubic-foot volume on all timberland is estimated at 475 million cubic feet. Timber growth and mortality are estimated at -615,000...

Federal timber restrictions, interregional spillovers, and the impact on US softwood markets

Treesearch

David N. Wear; Brian C. Murray

2004-01-01

An econometric model of the US softwood lumber and timber markets is estimated and used to simulate the price, trade, and welfare effects of reductions in federal timber sales in the western US commencing in the late 1980s. Results indicate that the timber sale reductions increased lumber prices by roughly 15 percent in the mid-1990s. Lumber consumers were the...

1966 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1967-01-01

The 1966 Oregon timber harvest totaled 8.9 billion board feet, 5 percent less than the harvest in 1965. During 1966, the total public timber harvest declined 10 percent to 4.8 billion board feet. The uncut volume of public timber under contract at the end of 1966 was 7.6 billion board feet, up 1.3 billion board feet from 1965's year end total. National Forest...

Review of alternative measures of softwood sawtimber prices in the United States

Treesearch

Henry Spelter

2005-01-01

This study compares prices from various timber market reports and an estimate of timber value derived from product-selling prices and manufacturing costs. In the South, two primary sources of timber price information are Forest2Market (F2M) and Timber Mart-South (TMS). Comparisons showed that F2M prices are generally higher than TMS prices for both stumpage and...

DETAIL VIEW, STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND FLOOR JOISTS, SOUTH GARRET. THIS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL VIEW, STRUCTURAL TIMBER AND FLOOR JOISTS, SOUTH GARRET. THIS TIMBER IS ONE OF TWO EXTENDING OUT FROM THE HOUSE AND JOINED TO VERTICAL POSTS LOCATED WITHIN THE WOOD TUSCAN COLUMNS LOCATED AT THE PORTICO’S TWO OUTER CORNERS. THE TIMBERS AND THE VISIBLE FLOOR JOISTS WERE PART OF THE HOUSE’S INITIAL CA. 1770 CONSTRUCTION - The Woodlands, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Condition Assessment of Iowa Timber Bridges Using Advanced Inspection Tools

Treesearch

Travis Hosteng; James Wacker; Brent Phares

2013-01-01

This paper reports the results of a study undertaken to assess the condition of timber bridges in the state of Iowa. This study was carried out as part of an overall national study spearheaded by the Forest Products Laboratory and FHWA to investigate the field performance of timber bridges throughout the United States. In the U.S., Iowa has the most timber bridge...

Field investigation of a 100-year-old timber crib foundation at a historic copper mine

Treesearch

James Wacker; Xiping Wang; Douglas R. Rammer

2010-01-01

In June 2009, the authors conducted a comprehensive on-site evaluation of the timber crib foundation at Alaska’s Historic Kennecott Mine Concentration Mill Building. The primary goal of the 6-day inspection was to assess the physical conditions of the existing timber crib foundation and identify timber members and areas that have structural deficiencies. The inspection...

Assessing the Non-Timber Value of Forests: A Revealed-Preference, Hedonic Model

Treesearch

Riccardo Scarpa; Joseph Buongiorno; Jiin-Shyang Hseu; Karen Lee Abt

2000-01-01

Based on revealed preference theory, the value of non-timber goods and services obtained by forest owners, private or public, should be at least equal to the difference between the value of what they could have cut had they tried to maximize timber revenues, and of what they actually cut. This definition was applied to estimate the non-timber value (NTV) of...

Timber products output and timber harvests in Alaska: projections for 1997-2010.

Treesearch

David J. Brooks; Richard W. Haynes

1997-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for raw material, and timber harvest by owner are developed from a trend-based analysis. These projections are revisions of projections made in 1990 and again in 1994, and reflect the consequences of recent changes in the Alaska forest sector and long-term trends in markets for Alaska products. With the...

Markets, Government Policy, and China’s Timber Supply

Treesearch

Han Zhang; Joseph Buongiorno

2012-01-01

China’s domestic demand and exports of wood products are rising rapidly compared to domestic supply. The determinants of timber supply in China were investigated with panel data from 25 provinces from 1999 to 2009. The results indicated that China’s timber supply had responded to both market forces, reflected by timber prices largely determined by world demand and...

Oregon's forest products industry and timber harvest, 2003.

Treesearch

Jason P. Brandt; Todd A. Morgan; Thale Dillon; Gary J. Lettman; Charles E. Keegan; David L. Azuma

2006-01-01

This Report traces the flow of Oregon’s 2003 timber harvest through the primary timber-processing industry and describes its structure, operations and condition. Pulp and board, lumber, and plywood and veer sectors accounted for 96 percent of total industry sales of $6.7 billion. Oregon’s 2003 timber harvest of just over 4 billion board feet was 95 percent softwood...

Using TPO data to estimate timber demand in support of planning on the Tongass National Forest

Treesearch

Jean M. Daniels; Michael D. Paruszkiewicz; Susan J. Alexander

2015-01-01

Projections of Alaska timber products output, the derived demand for logs, lumber, residues, and niche products, and timber harvest by owner are developed by using a trend-based analysis. This is the fifth such analysis performed since 1990 to assist planners in meeting statutory requirements for estimating planning cycle demand for timber from the Tongass National...

Timber sale value as a function of sale characteristics and number of bidders

Treesearch

Paul E. Sendak; Paul E. Sendak

1991-01-01

Examines the effect of sale characteristics and number of bidders on sale value for timber sold by sealed-bid auction on the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont. As anticipated from theory and previous empirical studies, increasing the number of bidders tended to increase the winning-bid value for the timber auctions studied. Efforts made to ensure that a timber...

The Timber Resource in Maryland

Treesearch

Northeastern Forest Experiment Station

1955-01-01

This is a report on the findings of the forest survey made in Maryland as part of the nationwide forest survey that is being carried on by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. It shows the area and condition of the forest land, the volume and quality of the standing timber, the rates of timber growth and mortality, and the extent of timber cutting for...

1966 Washington timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1967-01-01

The 1966 Washington timber harvest of 6.1 billion board feet was 6.8 percent below the 1965 level. This was the first decline since 1961. In part, the lower harvest in 1966 was due to completion of salvage logging of the 1962 blowdown. The volume of dead timber salvaged in 1966 was only 6 percent of the total, compared with 15 percent in 1965. The live timber harvest...

Timber Creek bunkhouse and mess hall, Rocky Mountain National Park. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Timber Creek bunkhouse and mess hall, Rocky Mountain National Park. Interior, kitchen and dining area, viewing north. - Timber Creek Bunkhouse & Mess Hall, Trail Ridge Road, Grand Lake, Grand County, CO

36 CFR 223.52 - Market-related contract term additions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and... to rapid deterioration, timber is in a wildland-urban interface area, or hazard trees adjacent to...

Timber resource statistics for southwest Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1981-01-01

This report summarizes a 1978 timber-resource inventory of six counties in southwest Washington: Clark, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, Skamania, and Wahkiakum. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Preliminary timber resource statistics for southwest Washington.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean; Janet L. Ohmann; Patricia M. Bassett

1991-01-01

This report summarizes a 1988 timber inventory of six counties in southwest Washington: Clark, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, Skamania, and Wahkiakum. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

32 CFR 644.504 - Disposal plan for timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... disposal plan will be prepared which will include the following: (a) Live timber and merchantable dead... feet in log scale measurement; linear estimates of pole timber, and amount of cord wood. The appraiser...

Ranking independent timber investments by alternative investment criteria

Treesearch

Thomas J. Mills; Gary E. Dixon

1982-01-01

A sample of 231 independent timber investments were ranked by internal rate of return, present net worth per acre and the benefit cost ratio—the last two discounted by 3, 6.4. 7.5. and 10 percent—to determine if the different criteria had a practical influence on timber investment ranking. The samples in this study were drawn from a group of timber investments...

Hardwood timber sales on state forests in Indiana: characteristics influencing costs and prices

Treesearch

J. Michael Vasievich; W. L., Jr. Mills; Heidi R. Cherry

1997-01-01

Timber sales conducted on State-owned forests in INdiana from 1982 to 1994 were analyzed to determine changes in costs and prices and the effect of sale conditions on costs and prices. The data set included 445 sales that ranged in size from less than 1 acre to more than 500 acres. Sales were predominantly partial cuts in mature hardwood timber. Marked timber volume...

31 CFR 593.412 - Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded warehouse or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Release of any round log or timber... Interpretations § 593.412 Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded... from a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

31 CFR 593.412 - Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded warehouse or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Release of any round log or timber... Interpretations § 593.412 Release of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia from a bonded... from a bonded warehouse or foreign trade zone of any round log or timber product originating in Liberia...

Effects of long-term prescribed burning on timber value in hardwood forests of the Missouri Ozarks

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; Joseph M. Marschall; Michael C. Stambaugh

2017-01-01

Prescribed fire is commonly used for restoring and managing oak woodlands but raises concern over the risk of value loss to timber products. We used a long-term prescribed burning study to quantify standing timber volume and stumpage value, fire scar presence and size, and timber value loss in comparison to unburned stands. Three study treatments were initiated in 1949...

78 FR 730 - State Program Requirements; Approval of Application To Administer Partial National Pollutant...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-04

...) at facilities whose primary industrial activity is storage of grain, feed seed, fertilizer, and... incidentally store grain, feed seed, fertilizer, and agriculture chemicals to support the primary activity of..., except those related to wood preservation and processing regulated pursuant to 40 CFR part 429 (Timber...

Stand development and silviculture in bottomland hardwoods

Treesearch

J. Steven Meadows

1993-01-01

Silviculture for the production of high-quality timber in southern bottomland hardwood forests involves the application of environmentally sound practices in order to enhance the growth and quality of both individual trees and stands. To accomplish this purpose, silvicultural practices are typically used to regulate stand density, species composition, and stem quality...

36 CFR 223.189 - Prohibitions against substitution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... applied for a sourcing area by December 20, 1990, in accordance with § 223.190 of this subpart, were... sourcing area, does not export unprocessed timber originating from private lands within the approved sourcing area while the approval is in effect, and, if applicable, received a waiver of the prohibition...

36 CFR 223.30 - Consistency with plans, environmental standards, and other management requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Consistency with plans... Provisions § 223.30 Consistency with plans, environmental standards, and other management requirements. The... Forest timber disposal is consistent with applicable land and resource management plans and environmental...

Application of geotechnical data to resource planning in southeast Alaska.

Treesearch

W.L. Schroeder; D.N. Swanston

1987-01-01

Recent quantification of engineering properties and index values of dominant soil types in the Alexander Archipelago, southeast Alaska, have revealed consistent diagnostic characteristics useful to evaluating landslide risk and subgrade material stability before timber harvesting and low-volume road construction. Shear strength data are summarized and grouped by Soil...

Preservation treatment for wood bridge application

Treesearch

Jake Bigelow; Stan Lebow; Carol A. Clausen; Lowell Greimann; Terry J. Wipf

2009-01-01

Timber can often be a cost-effective construction material for new bridges. The durability of the bridge greatly depends on proper attention to construction details and fabrication, as well as proper preservative treatment before, during, and after construction. Material repair and replacement costs for bridges are a considerable expense for highway agencies. To...

Design Methods for Load-bearing Elements from Crosslaminated Timber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vilguts, A.; Serdjuks, D.; Goremikins, V.

2015-11-01

Cross-laminated timber is an environmentally friendly material, which possesses a decreased level of anisotropy in comparison with the solid and glued timber. Cross-laminated timber could be used for load-bearing walls and slabs of multi-storey timber buildings as well as decking structures of pedestrian and road bridges. Design methods of cross-laminated timber elements subjected to bending and compression with bending were considered. The presented methods were experimentally validated and verified by FEM. Two cross-laminated timber slabs were tested at the action of static load. Pine wood was chosen as a board's material. Freely supported beam with the span equal to 1.9 m, which was loaded by the uniformly distributed load, was a design scheme of the considered plates. The width of the plates was equal to 1 m. The considered cross-laminated timber plates were analysed by FEM method. The comparison of stresses acting in the edge fibres of the plate and the maximum vertical displacements shows that both considered methods can be used for engineering calculations. The difference between the results obtained experimentally and analytically is within the limits from 2 to 31%. The difference in results obtained by effective strength and stiffness and transformed sections methods was not significant.

Capital gains treatment of timber income: An economic assessment

Treesearch

Donald F. Dennis; Donald F. Dennis

1985-01-01

Treating timber income as capital gains meets the criteria used to evaluate tax systems better than treating it as ordinary income. Social welfare implications and impact on timber supply also favor such treatment.

Timber resource statistics for eastern Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1983-01-01

This report summarizes a 1980 timber resource inventory of the 16 forested counties in Washington east of the crest of the Cascade Range. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Ownership change and timber supply on nonindustrial private forestland.

Treesearch

Eugene M. Carpenter

1985-01-01

Presents trends in private forest land ownership in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Describes how changes in owners, their intentions, and their actions might affect the area's timber supply with implications for the national timber supply.

Infrared thermography for wood density estimation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López, Gamaliel; Basterra, Luis-Alfonso; Acuña, Luis

2018-03-01

Infrared thermography (IRT) is becoming a commonly used technique to non-destructively inspect and evaluate wood structures. Based on the radiation emitted by all objects, this technique enables the remote visualization of the surface temperature without making contact using a thermographic device. The process of transforming radiant energy into temperature depends on many parameters, and interpreting the results is usually complicated. However, some works have analyzed the operation of IRT and expanded its applications, as found in the latest literature. This work analyzes the effect of density on the thermodynamic behavior of timber to be determined by IRT. The cooling of various wood samples has been registered, and a statistical procedure that enables one to quantitatively estimate the density of timber has been designed. This procedure represents a new method to physically characterize this material.

43 CFR 1815.1 - Timber sale contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Timber sale contracts. 1815.1 Section 1815.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT....1 Timber sale contracts. ...

43 CFR 1815.1 - Timber sale contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Timber sale contracts. 1815.1 Section 1815.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT....1 Timber sale contracts. ...

43 CFR 1815.1 - Timber sale contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Timber sale contracts. 1815.1 Section 1815.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT....1 Timber sale contracts. ...

Timber resources of northwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Mary A. Mei

1979-01-01

This report presents statistics from a 1976 timber resource inventory of 10 counties in northwest Oregon: Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, Hood River, Marion, Multnomah, Polk, Tillamook, Washington, and Yamhill. Tables presented are of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest.

The Timber Resources of Delaware. A Report on tbe Forest survey made by the U.S. Forest Service.

Treesearch

Roland H. Ferguson; Roland H. Ferguson

1959-01-01

This is a report on the findings of the first comprehensive survey of the timber resources of Delaware. It describes, as of 1957, the area and condition of the forest land, the volume of standing timber, the annual growth and mortality of the forest growing stock, and the extent of timber cutting. The survey made by the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,...

Oregon's forest products industry and timber harvest 2013 with trends through 2014

Treesearch

Eric A. Simmons; Micah G. Scudder; Todd A. Morgan; Erik C. Berg; Glenn A. Christensen

2016-01-01

This report traces the flow of Oregon’s 2013 timber harvest through the primary wood products industry and provides detailed description of the structure, timber use, operations, and condition of Oregon’s forest products sector. It is the third in a series of reports that update the status of the industry every 5 years, and is based on a census of timber-using...

Feasibility Investigation into Strengthening of Timber Bridge Stringers

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

life . They exhibit several types of damage, which occurs in their structural elements such as timber stringers. The most commonly encountered damage...United States are nearing, or at the end of their service life , which means they exhibit several types of damage. This occurs mostly on structural... life of a timber bridge is approximately 30–40 years, the majority of timber bridges in the United States are nearing the end of their service life

26. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING ROW OF TIMBER SUPPORT TOWERS BUILT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. INTERIOR VIEW SHOWING ROW OF TIMBER SUPPORT TOWERS BUILT AS TEMPORARY TRUSS REINFORCEMENT (NOTE STEEL STRUCTURES ATOP TIMBER BRACING) - Oakland Army Base, Transit Shed, East of Dunkirk Street & South of Burma Road, Oakland, Alameda County, CA

Field testing and evaluation of a demonstration timber bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-01

Asphalt wearing surfaces are commonly used on timber bridges with transverse glued-laminated deck panel systems to help protect the timber components. However, poor performance of these asphalt wearing surfaces in the past has resulted in repeated re...

Preliminary timber resource statistics for the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean; Janet L. Ohmann; Patricia M. Bassett

1991-01-01

This report summarizes a 1989 timber resource inventory of five counties in the Olympic Peninsula region of Washington: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Mason, and Thurston. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Timber Volume in Missouri Counties

Treesearch

Arnold J. Ostrom

1974-01-01

The third forest inventory of Missouri showed timber volume of growing-stock material reaching 76 million cords in 1972, an increase of 5 percent since 1959. The growing stock included 15 million board feet of sawtimber. Timber volume by county is presented.

Timber resource statistics for the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1961-01-01

This report summarizes a 1978-79 timber resource inventory of five counties in the Olympic Peninsula of Washington: Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, Mason, and Thurston. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Glossary of Terms Used in Timber Harvesting and Forest Engineering

Treesearch

Bryce J. Stokes; Colin Ashmore; Cynthia L. Rawlins; Donald L. Sirois

1989-01-01

Provides definitions for 1,026 words and terms used in timber harvesting and forest engineering, with an emphasis on temrs related to timber harvesting operations. Terminology dealing with basic forestry, harvesting equipment, and economics is stressed.

Temporal Decay in Timber Species Composition and Value in Amazonian Logging Concessions.

PubMed

Richardson, Vanessa A; Peres, Carlos A

2016-01-01

Throughout human history, slow-renewal biological resource populations have been predictably overexploited, often to the point of economic extinction. We assess whether and how this has occurred with timber resources in the Brazilian Amazon. The asynchronous advance of industrial-scale logging frontiers has left regional-scale forest landscapes with varying histories of logging. Initial harvests in unlogged forests can be highly selective, targeting slow-growing, high-grade, shade-tolerant hardwood species, while later harvests tend to focus on fast-growing, light-wooded, long-lived pioneer trees. Brazil accounts for 85% of all native neotropical forest roundlog production, and the State of Pará for almost half of all timber production in Brazilian Amazonia, the largest old-growth tropical timber reserve controlled by any country. Yet the degree to which timber harvests beyond the first-cut can be financially profitable or demographically sustainable remains poorly understood. Here, we use data on legally planned logging of ~17.3 million cubic meters of timber across 314 species extracted from 824 authorized harvest areas in private and community-owned forests, 446 of which reported volumetric composition data by timber species. We document patterns of timber extraction by volume, species composition, and monetary value along aging eastern Amazonian logging frontiers, which are then explained on the basis of historical and environmental variables. Generalized linear models indicate that relatively recent logging operations farthest from heavy-traffic roads are the most selective, concentrating gross revenues on few high-value species. We find no evidence that the post-logging timber species composition and total value of forest stands recovers beyond the first-cut, suggesting that the commercially most valuable timber species become predictably rare or economically extinct in old logging frontiers. In avoiding even more destructive land-use patterns, managing yields of selectively-logged forests is crucial for the long-term integrity of forest biodiversity and financial viability of local industries. The logging history of eastern Amazonian old-growth forests likely mirrors unsustainable patterns of timber depletion over time in Brazil and other tropical countries.

Temporal Decay in Timber Species Composition and Value in Amazonian Logging Concessions

PubMed Central

Peres, Carlos A.

2016-01-01

Throughout human history, slow-renewal biological resource populations have been predictably overexploited, often to the point of economic extinction. We assess whether and how this has occurred with timber resources in the Brazilian Amazon. The asynchronous advance of industrial-scale logging frontiers has left regional-scale forest landscapes with varying histories of logging. Initial harvests in unlogged forests can be highly selective, targeting slow-growing, high-grade, shade-tolerant hardwood species, while later harvests tend to focus on fast-growing, light-wooded, long-lived pioneer trees. Brazil accounts for 85% of all native neotropical forest roundlog production, and the State of Pará for almost half of all timber production in Brazilian Amazonia, the largest old-growth tropical timber reserve controlled by any country. Yet the degree to which timber harvests beyond the first-cut can be financially profitable or demographically sustainable remains poorly understood. Here, we use data on legally planned logging of ~17.3 million cubic meters of timber across 314 species extracted from 824 authorized harvest areas in private and community-owned forests, 446 of which reported volumetric composition data by timber species. We document patterns of timber extraction by volume, species composition, and monetary value along aging eastern Amazonian logging frontiers, which are then explained on the basis of historical and environmental variables. Generalized linear models indicate that relatively recent logging operations farthest from heavy-traffic roads are the most selective, concentrating gross revenues on few high-value species. We find no evidence that the post-logging timber species composition and total value of forest stands recovers beyond the first-cut, suggesting that the commercially most valuable timber species become predictably rare or economically extinct in old logging frontiers. In avoiding even more destructive land-use patterns, managing yields of selectively-logged forests is crucial for the long-term integrity of forest biodiversity and financial viability of local industries. The logging history of eastern Amazonian old-growth forests likely mirrors unsustainable patterns of timber depletion over time in Brazil and other tropical countries. PMID:27410029

Timber resources of East Oklahoma

Treesearch

Richard A. Birdsey; Dennis M. May

1988-01-01

Presents the principal findings of the fifth forest survey of east Oklahoma and the changes that have occurred since earlier surveys. Trends in forest area, ownership, forest type, stand structure, stocking, timber volume, growth, removals, mortality, management opportunities, and timber products output are discussed.

Economic implications of manufacturing sawed ties and timbers

Treesearch

Lawrence D. Garrett; Lawrence D. Garrett

1969-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to discuss those factors that affect the profitability of manufacturing timbers and show that the combined manufacture of both lumber and timbers will provide a greater daily income than the manufacture of lumber alone.

40 CFR 262.50 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO GENERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE Exports of Hazardous Waste § 262.50 Applicability. This subpart establishes requirements applicable to exports of hazardous waste. Except to the extent § 262.58 provides...

Forestry herbicide influences on biodiversity and wildlife habitat in southern forests

Treesearch

Karl V. Miller; James H. Miller

2004-01-01

In the southern United States, herbicide use continues to increase for timber management in commercial pine (Pinus spp.) plantations, for mod@ing wildlife habitats, and for invasive plant control. Several studies have reported that single applications of forestry herbicides at stand initiation have minor and temporary impacts on plant communities and...

36 CFR 254.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... equalization payments made available through the Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965, as amended (16 U.S.C... exchanges of land or interests in land, including but not limited to minerals, water rights, and timber... Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3192), shall be limited to those provisions which do not conflict with the...

36 CFR 254.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... equalization payments made available through the Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965, as amended (16 U.S.C... exchanges of land or interests in land, including but not limited to minerals, water rights, and timber... Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3192), shall be limited to those provisions which do not conflict with the...

36 CFR 254.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... equalization payments made available through the Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965, as amended (16 U.S.C... exchanges of land or interests in land, including but not limited to minerals, water rights, and timber... Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3192), shall be limited to those provisions which do not conflict with the...

36 CFR 254.1 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equalization payments made available through the Land and Water Conservation Act of 1965, as amended (16 U.S.C... exchanges of land or interests in land, including but not limited to minerals, water rights, and timber... Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3192), shall be limited to those provisions which do not conflict with the...

Durability of wood-plastic composite lumber

Treesearch

Rebecca E. Ibach

2010-01-01

Wood-plastic composite (WPC) lumber has been marketed as a low-maintenance, high-durability product. Retail sales in the United States were slightly less than $1 billion in 2008. Applications include docking, railing, windows, doors, fencing, siding, moldings, landscape timbers, car interior parts, and furniture. The majority of these products are used outdoors and...

NED-2: A decision support system for integrated forest ecosystem management

Treesearch

Mark J. Twery; Peter D. Knopp; Scott A. Thomasma; H. Michael Rauscher; Donald E. Nute; Walter D. Potter; Frederick Maier; Jin Wang; Mayukh Dass; Hajime Uchiyama; Astrid Glende; Robin E. Hoffman

2005-01-01

NED-2 is a Windows-based system designed to improve project-level planning and decision making by providing useful and scientifically sound information to natural resource managers. Resources currently addressed include visual quality, ecology, forest health, timber, water, and wildlife. NED-2 expands on previous versions of NED applications by integrating treatment...

NED-2: a decision support system for integrated forest ecosystem management

Treesearch

Mark J. Twery; Peter D. Knopp; Scott A. Thomasma; H. Michael Rauscher; Donald E. Nute; Walter D. Potter; Frederick Maier; Jin Wang; Mayukh Dass; Hajime Uchiyama; Astrid Glende; Robin E. Hoffman

2005-01-01

NED-2 is a Windows-based system designed to improve project-level planning and decision making by providing useful and scientifically sound information to natural resource managers. Resources currently addressed include visual quality, ecology, forest health, timber, water, and wildlife. NED-2 expands on previous versions of NED applications by integrating treatment...

Visual management system and timber management application

Treesearch

Warren R. Bacon; Asa D. (Bud) Twombly

1979-01-01

This paper includes an illustration of a planning process to guide vegetation management throughout a travel route seen area and over the time period of a total management rotation (100-300 years). The process will produce direction on visual characteristics to be created and maintained within the biological potential and coordinated with associated re-source...

The forest ecosystem of southeast Alaska: 3. Fish habitats.

Treesearch

William R. Meehan

1974-01-01

The effects of logging and associated activities on fish habitat in southeastern Alaska are discussed, and fish habitat research applicable to southeast Alaska is summarized. Requirements of salmonids for suitable spawning and rearing areas are presented. Factors associated with timber harvest which may influence these habitats are discussed in detail; e.g., sediment,...

FIA forest inventory data for wildlife habitat assessment

Treesearch

David C. Chojnacky

2000-01-01

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service maintains a network of permanent plots to monitor changing forest conditions. These plots were originally established to monitor the nation's timber supply; however, these data have great potential for evaluating other forest resources. To demonstrate a wildlife application, an assessment...

Effects of Nantucket pine tip moth insecticide spray schedules on loblolly pine seedlings

Treesearch

Christopher J. Fettig; Kenneth W. McCravy; C. Wayne Berisford

2000-01-01

Frequent and prolonged insecticide applications to control the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lepidoptera:Torticidae) (NPTM), although effective, may be impractical and uneconomica1, for commercial timber production. Timed insecticide sprays of permethrin (Polmce 3.2® EC) were applied to all possible combinations of spray...

Accuracy of an IFSAR-derived digital terrain model under a conifer forest canopy.

Treesearch

Hans-Erik Andersen; Stephen E. Reutebuch; Robert J. McGaughey

2005-01-01

Accurate digital terrain models (DTMs) are necessary for a variety of forest resource management applications, including watershed management, timber harvest planning, and fire management. Traditional methods for acquiring topographic data typically rely on aerial photogrammetry, where measurement of the terrain surface below forest canopy is difficult and error prone...

Application of the soil perturbation index to evaluate created and restored wetlands

Treesearch

Rebecca Smith Maul; Marjorie M. Holland

2000-01-01

Biogeochemical properties of wetlands have recently been investigated to assess recovery of wetland ecosys-tems following human alteration. Analyses of soil samples have shown that the natural regeneration of timber-harvested wetlands exhibits predictable trends for soil organic matter, total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Incorporating...

Forest area and timber resources of the San Joaquin area, California.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger

1978-01-01

This report presents statistics on forest area and timber volume and a description of the recent and future timber situations in Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, Mono, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tulare, and Tuolumne Counties, California.

36 CFR 223.116 - Cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 223.116 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Administration § 223.116 Cancellation. (a) Timber sale contracts and permits may be canceled: (1) For serious or continued violation of...

Development of minimum standards for hardwoods used in producing underground coal mine timbers

Treesearch

Floyd G. Timson

1978-01-01

This note presents minimum standards for raw material used in the production of sawn, split, and round timbers for the underground mining industry. The standards are based on a summary of information gathered from many mine-timber producers.

77 FR 64096 - Information Collection; Advertised Timber for Sale

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service Information Collection; Advertised Timber for Sale AGENCY... organizations on the revision with changes of the currently approved information collection 0596-0066 Advertised.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Advertised Timber for Sale. OMB Number: 0596-0066. Expiration Date of Approval...

Stress grading of recycled lumber and timber

Treesearch

Robert H. Falk; David Green

1999-01-01

This paper presents an overview of selected research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) to characterize the grade distribution and engineering properties of lumber and timber recycled from deconstructed buildings on US. Army installations. The effects of splits on timber beam and column...

Timber resource statistics for non-Federal forest land in southwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney; Patricia M. Bassett; Mary A. Mei

1986-01-01

This report summarizes a 1985 timber resource inventory of the non-Federal forest land in the five counties (Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, and Josephine) in southwest Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Timber resources of Douglas County, Oregon.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean

1976-01-01

This report summarizes a 1973 timber resource inventory of Douglas County, Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and cut are presented. A discussion of the present resource situation highlights the condition of cutover lands and the opportunities for silvicultural treatment.

Timber resource statistics for the Puget Sound area, Washington.

Treesearch

Patricia M. Bassett; Daniel D. Oswald

1982-01-01

This report summarizes a 1979 timber resource inventory of eight counties in the Puget Sound area of Washington: Island, King, Kitsap, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Snohomish, and Whatcom. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Preliminary timber resource statistics for the Puget Sound area, Washington.

Treesearch

Colin D. MacLean; Janet L. Ohmann; Patricia M. Bassett

1991-01-01

This report summarizes a 1989 timber resource inventory of eight counties in the Puget Sound region of Washington: Island, King, Kitsap, Pierce, Skagit, San Juan, Snohomish, and Whatcom. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Establishing The Intelligence Required By The Fire Department City Of New York For Tactical And Strategic Decision Making

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

separate but adjoining structures that have a common cockloft (attic). d. Type 4 Construction—Heavy Timber Heavy timber construction has masonry...such as in separate but adjoining structures that have a common cockloft (attic). Type 4 Construction—Heavy Timber Heavy timber construction has...information would be of some use to the FS as a whole. A secondary purpose for this thesis is that by documenting the basic structure of the FDNY CTDP

1. West portal of Snowshed 29, contextual view to east, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. West portal of Snowshed 29, contextual view to east, 135mm lens. This is perhaps the last section of timber snowshed on this line. Integral with the east end of Tunnel 41, Snowshed 29 provides protection leading to the west portal of the tunnel. The snowshed today consists of (west to east) 199 feet of timber type T4 shed built in 1954, 365 feet of timber type T7 built in 1954, 85 feet of timber type T1 built in 1951, four feet of timber type T7 built in 1925 concurrent with Tunnel 41, and 41 feet of recent prefabricated concrete panel shed. - Central Pacific Transcontinental Railroad, Tunnel No. 41, Milepost 193.3, Donner, Placer County, CA

36 CFR 223.101 - Determination of purchaser responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Award of Contracts § 223.101 Determination of purchaser responsibility. (a) A Contracting Officer shall not award a timber sale... and governmental business commitments; (3) The purchaser has a satisfactory performance record on...

Timber resources of western Oregon—highlights and statistics.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney

1982-01-01

This report summarizes and interprets the results of a timber resource inventory of western Oregon made between 1973 and 1976. Detailed tables give land and forest area, timber volume, growth, and mortality for western Oregon and for southwest Oregon, west-central Oregon, and northwest Oregon.

Operability and location of Wisconsin's timber resource.

Treesearch

Jerold T. Hahn; Mark H. Hansen

1989-01-01

Data collected during the 1983 Wisconsin Statewide forest inventory were used to examine operability of the timber resource based on seven operability components. Operability is the ease or difficulty of managing or harvesting timber because of physical conditions in the stand or on the site.

Operability and location of Michigan's timber resource.

Treesearch

Mark H. Hansen; Jerold T. Hahn

1987-01-01

Operability is the ease or difficulty of managing or harvesting timber because of physical conditions in the stand or on the site. Data collected during the 1980 Michigan statewide forest inventory were used to examine operability of the timber resource based on seven operability components.

Timber resource statistics for non-Federal forest land in west-central Oregon.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney; Patricia M. Bassett; Mary A. Mei

1987-01-01

This report summarizes a 1985-86 timber resource inventory of the non-Federal forest land in the four counties (Benton, Lane, Lincoln, and Linn) in west-central Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

1973 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

J.D. Jr. Lloyd

1974-01-01

The 1973 Oregon timber harvest of 9.36 billion board feet was 265 million board feet (2.8 percent) below the 1972 harvest. The greater portion of the decrease occurred in eastern Oregon where timber harvest dropped 9.4 percent compared with 0.9 percent in western Oregon.

The North Central Forest Inventory and Analysis timber product output database--a regional composite approach.

Treesearch

Dennis M. May

1998-01-01

Discusses a regional composite approach to managing timber product output data in a relational database. Describes the development and structure of the regional composite database and demonstrates its use in addressing everyday timber product output information needs.

Load capacity of hollowed timber piles.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-12-01

The goal of this study was to develop a reliable load-rating methodology for timber piles based on the level of documented damage. Louisiana currently has over 4,000 timber bridges in its inventory of over 13,800 bridges. A quarter of these 4,000 tim...

Michigan's fourth forest inventory: timber volumes and projections of timber supply.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Jerold T. Hahn

1984-01-01

The fourth inventory of the timber resource of Michigan shows growing-stock volume increased 27% between 1966 and 1980, from 15.1 to 19.1 billion cubic feet. Presented are highlights and statistics on volume, growth, mortality, removals, biomass, and projections.

Forest and range mapping in the Houston area with ERTS-1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heath, G. R.; Parker, H. D.

1973-01-01

ERTS-1 data acquired over the Houston area has been analyzed for applications to forest and range mapping. In the field of forestry the Sam Houston National Forest (Texas) was chosen as a test site, (Scene ID 1037-16244). Conventional imagery interpretation as well as computer processing methods were used to make classification maps of timber species, condition and land-use. The results were compared with timber stand maps which were obtained from aircraft imagery and checked in the field. The preliminary investigations show that conventional interpretation techniques indicated an accuracy in classification of 63 percent. The computer-aided interpretations made by a clustering technique gave 70 percent accuracy. Computer-aided and conventional multispectral analysis techniques were applied to range vegetation type mapping in the gulf coast marsh. Two species of salt marsh grasses were mapped.

Eleventh-century shift in timber procurement areas for the great houses of Chaco Canyon

PubMed Central

Guiterman, Christopher H.; Dean, Jeffrey S.

2016-01-01

An enduring mystery from the great houses of Chaco Canyon is the origin of more than 240,000 construction timbers. We evaluate probable timber procurement areas for seven great houses by applying tree-ring width-based sourcing to a set of 170 timbers. To our knowledge, this is the first use of tree rings to assess timber origins in the southwestern United States. We found that the Chuska and Zuni Mountains (>75 km distant) were the most likely sources, accounting for 70% of timbers. Most notably, procurement areas changed through time. Before 1020 Common Era (CE) nearly all timbers originated from the Zunis (a previously unrecognized source), but by 1060 CE the Chuskas eclipsed the Zuni area in total wood imports. This shift occurred at the onset of Chaco florescence in the 11th century, a time with substantial expansion of existing great houses and the addition of seven new great houses in the Chaco Core area. It also coincides with the proliferation of Chuskan stone tools and pottery in the archaeological record of Chaco Canyon, further underscoring the link between land use and occupation in the Chuska area and the peak of great house construction. Our findings, based on the most temporally specific and replicated evidence of Chacoan resource procurement obtained to date, corroborate the long-standing but recently challenged interpretation that large numbers of timbers were harvested and transported from distant mountain ranges to build the great houses at Chaco Canyon. PMID:26644552

Eleventh-century shift in timber procurement areas for the great houses of Chaco Canyon.

PubMed

Guiterman, Christopher H; Swetnam, Thomas W; Dean, Jeffrey S

2016-02-02

An enduring mystery from the great houses of Chaco Canyon is the origin of more than 240,000 construction timbers. We evaluate probable timber procurement areas for seven great houses by applying tree-ring width-based sourcing to a set of 170 timbers. To our knowledge, this is the first use of tree rings to assess timber origins in the southwestern United States. We found that the Chuska and Zuni Mountains (>75 km distant) were the most likely sources, accounting for 70% of timbers. Most notably, procurement areas changed through time. Before 1020 Common Era (CE) nearly all timbers originated from the Zunis (a previously unrecognized source), but by 1060 CE the Chuskas eclipsed the Zuni area in total wood imports. This shift occurred at the onset of Chaco florescence in the 11th century, a time with substantial expansion of existing great houses and the addition of seven new great houses in the Chaco Core area. It also coincides with the proliferation of Chuskan stone tools and pottery in the archaeological record of Chaco Canyon, further underscoring the link between land use and occupation in the Chuska area and the peak of great house construction. Our findings, based on the most temporally specific and replicated evidence of Chacoan resource procurement obtained to date, corroborate the long-standing but recently challenged interpretation that large numbers of timbers were harvested and transported from distant mountain ranges to build the great houses at Chaco Canyon.

36 CFR 223.101 - Determination of purchaser responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... purchaser has a satisfactory performance record on timber sale contracts. A prospective purchaser that is or... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale Contracts Award of Contracts § 223.101 Determination of purchaser responsibility. (a...

48 CFR 1452.237-71 - Utilization of Woody Biomass.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... timber/vegetative sales contract. Payment under the timber/vegetative sales contract must be at a price... appropriate payment specified in the related timber/vegetative sales contract before removal may be authorized... sales notice and/or prospectus, including volume estimates, appraised value and any appropriate special...

75 FR 63419 - Surety Bond Guarantee Program; Timber Sales

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-15

... timber sale contracts may require the purchaser to furnish a performance bond for satisfactory compliance.... With respect to a Performance Bond involving the sale of timber on land managed by USDA, the Federal... Sales AGENCY: Small Business Administration. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Small Business...

Historical considerations in evaluating timber structures

Treesearch

R. L. Tuomi; R. C. Moody

1979-01-01

Evaluation, maintenance, and upgrading of timber structures is an area where little printed reference material exists. This paper covers the state-of-the-art on design, material properties, and construction procedures on older buildings. Some guidelines are presented on rehabilitating and upgrading timber structures, along with significant references.

Timber resource of Missouri's Prairie, 1972.

Treesearch

Jerold T. Hahn; Alexander Vasilevsky

1975-01-01

The third timber inventory of Missouri's Prairie Forest Survey Unit shows substantial declines in both growing-stock and sawtimber volumes between 1959 and 1972. Commercial forest area declined by one-fifth. Presents highlights and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, and use in 1972.

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Noncompetitive sale of timber. 223.85 Section 223.85 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.32 - Timber sale operating plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timber sale operating plan. 223.32 Section 223.32 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Noncompetitive sale of timber. 223.85 Section 223.85 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Noncompetitive sale of timber. 223.85 Section 223.85 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

Iowa's forest resources, 1974.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Pamela J. Jakes

1980-01-01

The second inventory of Iowa's forest resources shows big declines in commercial forest area and in growing-stock and sawtimber volumes between 1954 and 1974. Presented are text and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, future timber supply, timber use, forest management opportunities, and nontimber resources.

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

36 CFR 223.188 - Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. 223.188 Section 223.188 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST... Program § 223.188 Prohibitions against exporting unprocessed Federal timber. No person who acquires...

Minnesota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1990.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Richard A. Dahlman

1993-01-01

Discusses recent Minnesota forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1990. Reports on logging residue, wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and disposition of mill residues.

36 CFR 223.187 - Determinations of unprocessed timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...) and its implementing regulations. I fully understand that exporting unprocessed timber originating... domestically is a violation of this Act, its implementing regulations, and the False Statements Act (18 U.S.C...

Two-rail steel-backed timber guardrail system : Crown Point Highway, Multnomah County, Oregon : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-02-01

In 1920, to provide for the safety of drivers on the Columbia River Highway, two-rail timber guardrail were installed. Subsequently, the two-rail timber guardrail were replaced by more modern guardrail. Recently, the Historic Columbia River Highway A...

DEVELOPING A PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY SET OF WILDLIFE SPECIES PERSISTENCE AND TIMBER HARVEST VALUE

EPA Science Inventory

An integrated model combing a wildlife population simulation model, and timber harvest and growth models was developed to explore the tradeoffs between the likelihood of persistence of a hypothetical wildlife species and timber harvest volumes on a landscape in the Central Oregon...

Large-Scale Variations in Lumber Value Recovery of Yellow Birch and Sugar Maple in Quebec, Canada

PubMed Central

Hassegawa, Mariana; Havreljuk, Filip; Ouimet, Rock; Auty, David; Pothier, David; Achim, Alexis

2015-01-01

Silvicultural restoration measures have been implemented in the northern hardwoods forests of southern Quebec, Canada, but their financial applicability is often hampered by the depleted state of the resource. To help identify sites most suited for the production of high quality timber, where the potential return on silvicultural investments should be the highest, this study assessed the impact of stand and site characteristics on timber quality in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.). For this purpose, lumber value recovery (LVR), an estimate of the summed value of boards contained in a unit volume of round wood, was used as an indicator of timber quality. Predictions of LVR were made for yellow birch and sugar maple trees contained in a network of more than 22000 temporary sample plots across the Province. Next, stand-level variables were selected and models to predict LVR were built using the boosted regression trees method. Finally, the occurrence of spatial clusters was verified by a hotspot analysis. Results showed that in both species LVR was positively correlated with the stand age and structural diversity index, and negatively correlated with the number of merchantable stems. Yellow birch had higher LVR in areas with shallower soils, whereas sugar maple had higher LVR in regions with deeper soils. The hotspot analysis indicated that clusters of high and low LVR exist across the province for both species. Although it remains uncertain to what extent the variability of LVR may result from variations in past management practices or in inherent site quality, we argue that efforts to produce high quality timber should be prioritized in sites where LVR is predicted to be the highest. PMID:26313689

Large-Scale Variations in Lumber Value Recovery of Yellow Birch and Sugar Maple in Quebec, Canada.

PubMed

Hassegawa, Mariana; Havreljuk, Filip; Ouimet, Rock; Auty, David; Pothier, David; Achim, Alexis

2015-01-01

Silvicultural restoration measures have been implemented in the northern hardwoods forests of southern Quebec, Canada, but their financial applicability is often hampered by the depleted state of the resource. To help identify sites most suited for the production of high quality timber, where the potential return on silvicultural investments should be the highest, this study assessed the impact of stand and site characteristics on timber quality in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.). For this purpose, lumber value recovery (LVR), an estimate of the summed value of boards contained in a unit volume of round wood, was used as an indicator of timber quality. Predictions of LVR were made for yellow birch and sugar maple trees contained in a network of more than 22000 temporary sample plots across the Province. Next, stand-level variables were selected and models to predict LVR were built using the boosted regression trees method. Finally, the occurrence of spatial clusters was verified by a hotspot analysis. Results showed that in both species LVR was positively correlated with the stand age and structural diversity index, and negatively correlated with the number of merchantable stems. Yellow birch had higher LVR in areas with shallower soils, whereas sugar maple had higher LVR in regions with deeper soils. The hotspot analysis indicated that clusters of high and low LVR exist across the province for both species. Although it remains uncertain to what extent the variability of LVR may result from variations in past management practices or in inherent site quality, we argue that efforts to produce high quality timber should be prioritized in sites where LVR is predicted to be the highest.

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... deposits for slash disposal and road maintenance. As used in this section estimated construction costs... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Timber purchaser road... § 223.62 Timber purchaser road construction credit. Appraisal may also establish stumpage value as if...

36 CFR 223.112 - Modification of contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Contract Administration § 223.112 Modification of contracts. (a) Timber sale contracts may be modified only when the modification.... Modifications may be made by the officer approving the sale, by his successor, or by his superior, except as...

25 CFR 163.23 - Advance payment for timber products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... otherwise authorized by the Secretary, and except in the case of lump sum (predetermined volume) sales, contracts for the sale of timber from allotted, trust or restricted Indian forest land shall provide for an... advance deposits and advance payments previously applied against timber cut from each ownership in a sale...

Timber rivets in structural composite lumber

Treesearch

Ronald W. Wolfe; Marshall Begel; Bruce Craig

2004-01-01

Timber rivet connections, originally developed for use with glulam construction, may be a viable option for use with structural composite lumber (SCL) products. Tests were conducted on small samples to assess the performance and predictability of timber rivet connections in parallel strand lumber (PSL) and laminated strand lumber (LSL). The test joint configurations...

Timber resource statistics for western Washington.

Treesearch

Coffin D. MacLean; Patricia M. Bassett; Glenn Yeary

1992-01-01

This report summarizes a 1988-90 timber resource inventory of 19 counties in western Washington: Clallam, Clark, Cowlitz, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson, King, Kitsap, Lewis, Mason, Pacific, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Skamania, Snohomish, Thurston, Wahkiakum, and Whatcom. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

20 CFR 404.1084 - Gain or loss from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore; involuntary conversion. 404.1084 Section 404.1084 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950... from disposition of property; capital assets; timber, coal, and iron ore; involuntary conversion. (a...

36 CFR 219.28 - Determination of land suitable for timber harvest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conditions and ecological sustainability, and is necessary to protect multiple-use values other than timber... justified by the ecological, social, or economic benefits considering physical, economic, and other... revision of the plan. (c) Lands where timber may be harvested for other multiple-use values. Except for...

The timber industries of Maryland

Treesearch

James T. Bones; John E. Brodie

1977-01-01

A periodic evaluation of statewide industrial timber output based upon a complete survey of the primary wood manufacturing plants in Maryland. Contains statistics about industrial timber production and receipts in 1975 and the production and disposition of the manufacturing residues that resulted. The 43 million cubic feet of industrial wood produced in 1975...

Nondestructive evaluation of incipient decay in hardwood logs

Treesearch

Xiping Wang; Jan Wiedenbeck; Robert J. Ross; John W. Forsman; John R. Erickson; Crystal Pilon; Brian K. Brashaw

2005-01-01

Decay can cause significant damage to high-value hardwood timber. New nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies are urgently needed to effectively detect incipient decay in hardwood timber at the earliest possible stage. Currently, the primary means of inspecting timber relies on visual assessment criteria. When visual inspections are used exclusively, they provide...

Timber and Amenities on Nonindustrial Private Forest Land

Treesearch

Subhrendu K. Pattanayak; Karen Lee Abt; Thomas P. Holmes

2003-01-01

Economic analyses of the joint production timber and amenities from nonindustrial private forest lands (NIPF) have been conducted for several decades. Binkley (1981) summarized this strand of research and elegantly articulated a microeconomic household model in which NIPF owners maximize utility by choosing optimal combinations of timber income and amenities. Most...

Historical reflections on the Arkansas cross timbers

Treesearch

Don C. Bragg

2004-01-01

Kuclller's original rnap of potential natural vegetation suggested that the eastern-most extension of the "Cross Timbers" oak-dominated woodland reached into extreme western Arkansas. Iiecellt investigations have found possible old-growth Cross Timber communities in narrow strips along steep, rocky sandstone and shale ridges near Fort Chaffee and Hackett...

An analysis of Pennsylvania's forest resources

Treesearch

Douglas S. Powell; Thomas J., Jr. Considine; Thomas J. Considine

1982-01-01

A comprehensive analysis of the current status and trends of the forest resources of Pennsylvania. Topics include forest area, timber volume, biomass, timber products, timber's role in the state's economy, growth, and removals. Forest area, volume, growth and removals are projected through 2008. A detailed treatment is glven to water, soil, minerals, fish,...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

36 CFR 223.62 - Timber purchaser road construction credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timber purchaser road construction credit. 223.62 Section 223.62 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

43 CFR 9269.3-5 - Timber management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Timber management. 9269.3-5 Section 9269.3-5 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT... Timber management. (a) Sales of forest products; general. [Reserved] (b) Non-sale disposals; general—(1...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1999

Treesearch

William H. IV Reading; James W. Whipple

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and other timber products in 1999. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of mill residues.

A method for estimating operability and location of the timber resource.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Mark H. Hansen; Pamela J. Jakes

1986-01-01

Operability is the relative ease or difficulty of managing or harvesting timber because of physical conditions in the stand or on the site. Using data collected during standard statewide forest inventories, we developed a method for classifying timber by operability class based on seven operability components.

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber output trends.

Treesearch

James E. Blyth; James W. Whipple; Terry Mace; W. Brad Smith

1985-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of fuelwood and other timber products in 1981. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Michigan timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1988.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; Anthony K. Weatherspoon; John Pilon

1990-01-01

Discusses recent Michigan forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1988. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Timber resource statistics for non-federal forest land in northwest Oregon.

Treesearch

Donald R. Gedney; Patricia M. Bassett; Mary A. Mei

1986-01-01

This report summarizes a 1986 timber resource inventory of the non-Federal forest land in the 10 counties (Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, Hood River, Marion, Multnomah , Polk, Tillamook, Washington, and Yamhill) in northwest Oregon. Detailed tables of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest are presented.

Indiana's timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Jeff Settle

1998-01-01

Discusses recent Indiana forest industry trends; production and receipts of saw logs, pulpwood, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1995. Reports on harvest residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Timber salvage economics

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon; Thomas P. Holmes

2008-01-01

Timber salvage is commonly done following natural disturbances, to recover some value from damaged forests. Decision making about salvage, however, is affected by ownership objectives, the nature of the damage agent, site factors, and the strength of the local timber market. For profit-maximizing landowners, salvage decisions must balance the cost of harvesting...

75 FR 17896 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... techniques or other forms of information technology should be addressed to: Desk Officer for Agriculture....C. 472a (14)(c) (Act) requires timber sale operating plans on timber sales that exceed 2 years in... within 60 days of award of timber sale contracts and annually thereafter until harvest is complete...

Deterioration rates of blowndown timber and potential problems associated with product recovery.

Treesearch

Paul E. Aho; James M. Cahill

1984-01-01

This paper summarizes published reports of deterioration and product recovery studies conducted on dead timber. Decay rates experienced in blowndown timber are presented for western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), Douglasfir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and...

36 CFR 223.63 - Advertised rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advertised rates. 223.63... DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER Timber Sale Contracts Appraisal and Pricing § 223.63 Advertised rates. Timber shall be advertised for sale at its appraised value. The road construction cost used to...

36 CFR 223.85 - Noncompetitive sale of timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL...). Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section or any other regulation in this part, for timber... any other regulation in this part, when such extraordinary conditions exist on sales not addressed in...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.1 - Authority to sell timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... General Provisions § 223.1 Authority to sell timber. Trees, portions of trees, and other forest products... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Authority to sell timber. 223.1 Section 223.1 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

36 CFR 223.14 - Where timber may be cut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Where timber may be cut. 223.14 Section 223.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS...

Evaluation of the performance of a press-lam timber bridge : interim report no. 1, bridge installation and load test.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

The report describes the installation and load test of the world's first press-lam timber bridge superstructure. A five-man crew replaced the substandard steel stringer-timber deck superstructure on Rte. 610 over Little Stoney Creek in Shenandoah Cou...

Washington's public and private forests.

Treesearch

Charles L. Bolsinger; Neil McKay; Donald FL Gedney; Carol Alerich

1997-01-01

This report summarizes and analyzes 1988-91 timber inventories of western and eastern Washington. These inventories were conducted on all private and public lands except National Forests. Timber resource statistics from National Forest inventories also are presented. Detailed tables provide estimates of forest area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest. Data...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1988.

Treesearch

W. Brad Smith; James W. Whipple

1990-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1988. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

32 CFR 644.504 - Disposal plan for timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... merchantable dead timber will be marked for cutting in accordance with the land management plan, Master Plan, or forestry supplement thereto, and cutting will be limited to the timber so marked. The disposal... affecting the installations, and the requirements of such measures will be set forth specifically. (e) Any...

1970 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1971-01-01

The 1970 Oregon timber harvest of 7.98 billion board feet was the lowest recorded since the recession year of 1961 when 7.41 billion board feet of timber was produced. The 1970 log production figure was 12.8 percent below the 1969 harvest, the second consecutive year of declining production in Oregon.

Responses of timber rattlesnakes to fire: Lessons from two prescribed burns

Treesearch

Steven J. Beaupre; Lara E. Douglas

2012-01-01

Timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) are excellent model organisms for understanding the effects of large scale habitat manipulations because of their low-energy lifestyle, rapid response to changes in resource environment, uniform diet (small mammals), and simple behaviors. We present two case studies that illustrate interactions between timber...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

36 CFR 261.6 - Timber and other forest products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... or otherwise damaging any timber, tree, or other forest product, except as authorized by a special-use authorization, timber sale contract, or Federal law or regulation. (b) Cutting any standing tree... otherwise identifying any tree or other forest product in a manner similar to that employed by forest...

Restocking conditions on the burned-over forest lands of southwestern Maine, June 1949

Treesearch

Wayne G. Banks; James C. Rettie

1949-01-01

Disastrous fires swept over some 130,000 acres of forest land in southwestern Maine during the autumn of 1947. Practically all of the timber stand (211 million board feet of saw timber and 400,000 cords of pole timber) was killed or injured by this fire.

36 CFR 223.201 - Limitations on unprocessed timber harvested in Alaska.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Limitations on unprocessed timber harvested in Alaska. 223.201 Section 223.201 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1990.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; James W. Whipple

1993-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1990. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1996.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; Ronald J. Piva; James W. Whipple

2002-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends: production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1996. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of mill residues.

Wisconsin timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use.

Treesearch

Ronald L. Hackett; James W. Whipple

1995-01-01

Discusses recent Wisconsin forest industry trends; production and receipts of pulpwood, saw logs, and veneer logs; and production of other timber products in 1992. Reports on logging residue, on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills, and on disposition of this mill residue.

75 FR 81210 - Wrangell Ranger District; Alaska; Wrangell Island Project Environmental Impact Statement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-27

... opportunity involving a variety of timber harvest, road construction, and forest restoration and enhancement... authorize forest restoration and enhancement activities, timber harvest, and associated road construction on... Forest Service is proposing a multi-year stewardship project involving a variety of timber harvest, road...

Fiber farming with insecticidal

Treesearch

Leah S. Bauer

1997-01-01

Naturally regenerated forests are the primary source of timber, fiber, and fuel throughout much of the world today. In the United States, however, public outcry over increasing forest fragmentation and habitat loss is reducing timber harvests in many areas. As our demand for forest products exceeds supplies, reliance on international timber resources will escalate,...

Timber resource of Missouri's Riverborder, 1972.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Arnold J. Ostrom

1975-01-01

The third timber inventory of Missouri's Riverborder Forest Survey Unit shows that neither the total volume of growing stock nor of sawtimber changed significantly between 1959 and 1972. Area of commercial forest land declined slightly. Presents statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership and use in 1972.

Timber management and use-value assessment

Treesearch

Paul E. Sendak; Neil K. Huyler

1994-01-01

Describes timber management activity and estimates timber harvest from forest land enrolled in Vermont's Use Value Appraisal (UVA) Forest Land property tax program. Data were compiled from the mandatory management plans and annual conformance reports filed for each property enrolled in the Program. Overall, 31 percent of the UVA properties reported a commercial...

Phase I archaeological survey of the proposed timber harvest areas in traininq areas 8, 13, and 14 on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin and Meade Counties, Kentucky. Final report, June-July 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schenian, P.A.

1995-07-01

In June and July 1995, the Fort Knox Contract Staff Archaeologist conducted a Phase I archaeological survey of proposed timber harvest areas in Training Areas 8, 13, and 14 on the Fort Knox Military Reservation, Hardin and Meade Counties, Kentucky. The timber areas consist of five small, disjoint project areas encompassing a total of 11 acres (4.4 ha). The trees to be harvested had been marked by the forestry section prior to the survey. All timber areas were walked in their entirety. No evidence of archaeological sites was found in this study. It is recommended that the timber harvesting bemore » conducted as proposed.« less

Reinforcement of timber beams with carbon fibers reinforced plastics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gugutsidze, G.; Draškovič, F.

2010-06-01

Wood is a polymeric material with many valuable features and which also lacks some negative features. In order to keep up with high construction rates and the minimization of negative effects, wood has become one of the most valuable materials in modern engineering. But the use of timber material economically is also an actual problem in order to protect the environment and improve natural surroundings. A panel of scientists is interested in solving these problems and in creating rational structures, where timber can be used efficiently. These constructions are as follows: glue-laminated (gluelam), composed and reinforced wooden constructions. Composed and reinforced wooden constructions are examined less, but according to researches already carried out, it is clear that significant work can be accomplished in creating rational, highly effective and economic timber constructions. The paper deals with research on the formation of composed fiber-reinforced beams (CFRP) made of timber and provide evidence of their effectiveness. The aim of the paper is to investigate cross-bending of CFRP-reinforced gluelaminated timber beams. According to the results we were able to determine the additional effectiveness of reinforcement with CFRP (which depends on the CFRP material's quality, quantity and module of elasticity) on the mechanical features of timber and a whole beam.

Three scales of aerial photography compared for making stand measurements

Treesearch

Earl J. Rogers; Gene Avery; Roy A. Chapman

1959-01-01

Three scales of aerial photography were tested in an attempt to determine the best scale to use in forest surveying. This was done by comparing photo measurements of average tree height, average crown diameter, and crown-closure percent. These stand variables were selected for testing because of their applicability in making aerial estimates of timber volume.

Strength and stiffness of reinforced yellow-poplar glued-laminated beams

Treesearch

R. Hernandez; R. C. Moody

In bridge applications, it is often necessary to minimize the depth of the bridge structure to provide for the required hydraulic opening or reduce the volume of approach fill. For bridges that utilize structural glued-laminated (glulam) timber beams as stringers, reinforcement using thin strips of pultruded E-glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites may permit...

The effect of timber harvesting guidelines on felling and skidding productivity in northern Minnesota

Treesearch

Denys Goychuk; Michael A. Kilgore; Charles R. Blinn; Jay Coggins; Randall K. Kolka

2011-01-01

Substantial investment has been made in the development and application of scientifically based best management practices (i.e., guidelines) intended to protect and enhance the ecological, environmental, and aesthetic attributes of forest resources. When correctly applied, guidelines can increase environmental benefits on site and to adjacent resources, as well as...

T-H-A-T-S: timber-harvesting-and-transport-simulator: with subroutines for Appalachian logging

Treesearch

A. Jeff Martin

1975-01-01

A computer program for simulating harvesting operations is presented. Written in FORTRAN IV, the program contains subroutines that were developed for Appalachian logging conditions. However, with appropriate modifications, the simulator would be applicable for most logging operations and locations. The details of model development and its methodology are presented,...

50 CFR 23.54 - How long is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions § 23.54... certificate of origin will be valid for no longer than 12 months from the issuance date. (3) A traveling..., except under limited circumstances for certain timber species as outlined in § 23.73. ...

50 CFR 23.54 - How long is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions § 23.54... certificate of origin will be valid for no longer than 12 months from the issuance date. (3) A traveling..., except under limited circumstances for certain timber species as outlined in § 23.73. ...

50 CFR 23.54 - How long is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions § 23.54... certificate of origin will be valid for no longer than 12 months from the issuance date. (3) A traveling..., except under limited circumstances for certain timber species as outlined in § 23.73. ...

50 CFR 23.54 - How long is a U.S. or foreign CITES document valid?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions § 23.54... certificate of origin will be valid for no longer than 12 months from the issuance date. (3) A traveling..., except under limited circumstances for certain timber species as outlined in § 23.73. ...

Risk analysis and timber investments: a bibliography of theory and applications.

Treesearch

Carol A. Hyldahl; David C. Baumgartner

1991-01-01

Contains a fairly complete set of references to the small but rapidly growing amount of literature directly related to the study of risk in forestry in the United States up to 1989. Also includes representative references for the huge literature of general financial theory dealing with risk. Includes 95 annotated references and 17 additional textbook references...

Statistical power of intervention analyses: simulation and empirical application to treated lumber prices

Treesearch

Jeffrey P. Prestemon

2009-01-01

Timber product markets are subject to large shocks deriving from natural disturbances and policy shifts. Statistical modeling of shocks is often done to assess their economic importance. In this article, I simulate the statistical power of univariate and bivariate methods of shock detection using time series intervention models. Simulations show that bivariate methods...

32 CFR 644.551 - Equal opportunity-sales of timber, embedded sand, gravel, stone, and surplus structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equal opportunity-sales of timber, embedded sand... (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK Disposal Sale Procedure § 644.551 Equal opportunity—sales of timber, embedded sand, gravel, stone, and surplus structures...

36 CFR 223.47 - Date of completion of permanent road construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND FOREST BOTANICAL PRODUCTS Timber Sale Contracts Contract Conditions and Provisions § 223.47 Date of... obligations as set forth in the Notice of Sale shall be incorporated into the timber sale contract. (b) This...

The timber industries of Pennsylvania, 1988

Treesearch

Eric H. Wharton; John L. Bearer; John L. Bearer

1993-01-01

Evaluates regional timber output of Pennsylvania. Results are based on a survey of primary processing mills located in the state, and of mills in other states that used wood from Pennsylvania. Contains statistics on industrial timber production and mill receipts and the production and final end use of manufacturing residues. Comparisons are made between historical and...

Alaska's timber harvest and forest products industry, 2005

Treesearch

Jeff M. Halbrook; Todd A. Morgan; Jason P. Brandt; Charles E. Keegan; Thale Dillon; Tara M. Barrett

2009-01-01

This report traces the flow of timber harvested in Alaska during calendar year 2005, describes the composition and operations of the state's primary forest products industry, and quantifies volumes and uses of wood fiber. Historical wood products industry changes are discussed, as well as trends in timber harvest, production, and sales of primary wood products....

Economic feasibility of including game habitats in timber management systems

Treesearch

Lowell K. Halls

1975-01-01

Profits largely determine management decisions on commercial forest lands. Past decisions have therefore favored timber production over wildlife, and practices advantageous to wildlife were usually incidental. This paper explains how effective timber management on public and private lands can be coordinated with wildlife needs to obtain revenues from hunting as well...

Identifying and evaluating environmental impacts associated with timber harvest scheduling policies.

Treesearch

Robert M. Randall; Robert W. Sassaman

1979-01-01

Expected impacts on the ecosystem and nontimber benefits (that is, people's use of the resources—recreation, hunting, fishing, swimming, etc.) resulting from alternative timber harvest scheduling policies are identified and evaluated for the Mount Hood National Forest. Environmental criteria are established and used in evaluations of timber harvest and...

Chapter 2: Manufacturing Cross-laminated timber manufacturing

Treesearch

Borjen Yeh; Dave Kretschmann; Brad (Jianhe) Wang

2013-01-01

Cross-laminated timber ( CLT) is defined as a prefabricated solid engineered wood product made of at least three orthogonally bonded layers of solid-sawn lumber or structural composite lumber (SCL) that are laminated by gluing oflongitudinal and transverse layers with structural adhesives to form a solid rectangular-shaped, straight, and plane timber intended for roof...

Live Load Testing of Historic Covered Timber Bridges

Treesearch

Travis Hosteng; James Wacker; Brent Phares

2013-01-01

The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation Program (NHCBP), sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), is intended to preserve covered timber bridge structures nationwide. Today, less than 700 covered timber bridges still exist in the United States and of those many are closed to vehicular traffic. Furthermore, a large percentage of the remaining...

Forest statistics of Indiana

Treesearch

The Forest Survey Organization Central States Forest Experiment Station

1953-01-01

The Forest Survey is conducted in the various regions by the forest experiment stations of the Forest Service. In Indiana the project is directed by the Central States Forest Experiment Station with headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. This Survey Release presents the more significant preliminary statistics on the forest area timber volume, timber growth, and timber drain...

Forest statistics of Kentucky

Treesearch

The Forest Survey Organization Central States Forest Experiment Station

1952-01-01

The Forest Survey is conducted in the various regions by the forest experiment stations of the Forest Service. In Kentucky the project is directed by the Central States Forest Experiment Station with headquarters in Columbus, Ohio. This Survey Release presents the more significant preliminary statistics on the forest area, timber volume, timber growth, and timber drain...

Estimating economic impacts of timber-based industry expansion in northeastern Minnesota.

Treesearch

Daniel L. Erkkila; Dietmar W. Rose; Allen L. Lundgren

1982-01-01

Analysis of current and projected timber supplies in northeastern Minnesota indicates that expanded timber-based industrial activity could be supported. The impacts of a hypothetical industrial development scenario, including construction of waferboard plants and a wood-fueled power plant, were estimated using an input-output model. Development had noticeable impacts...

Iowa timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2000.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Dennis D. Michel

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Iowa forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and pulpwood in 2000. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood using mills and on disposition of mill residues.

Modeling Forest Timber Productivity in the South: Where Are We Today?

Treesearch

V. Clark Baldwin; Quang V. Cao

1999-01-01

The current southern species growth and yield prediction capability, new techniques utilized, and modeling trends over the last 17 years, were examined. Changing forest management objectives that emphasize more non-timber resources may have contributed to the continuing genetii lack of emphasis in modeling the timber productivity of the South's largest forest...

36 CFR 223.195 - Procedures for identifying and marking unprocessed timber.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... procedures required herein. (f) Waiver of branding requirements. Regional Foresters may waive the branding... individual timber sale basis, all or a portion of the branding requirements pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of...) Regions 5 and 6. On an individual timber sale basis, the branding requirement pursuant to paragraph (c)(2...

Compatibility of intensive timber culture with recreation, water and wildlife management

Treesearch

Samuel P. Shaw

1977-01-01

Two principles of ecology can be applied to make management for recreation, water, and wildlife habitat compatible with timber management. They are diversity within plant communities (i.e. timber types) and interspersion of these diverse communities in place and time. Intensive cultural operations can be the tool to create the...

Indiana's timber resource, 1986: an analysis.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer; Neal P. Kingsley; Robert W. Mayer

1990-01-01

The third inventory of Indiana's timber resource shows that area of timberland increased from 3.9 to 4.3 million acres between 1967 and 1986, and growing-stock volume gained from 3.7 to 5.2 billion cubic feet. Presented are analysis and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, removals, and projections.

Indiana's timber.

Treesearch

John S. Jr. Spencer

1969-01-01

The second (1967) survey of Indiana's 4 million forested acres shows 3.5 billion cubic feet of growing stock on 3.9 million acres of commercial forest land. Presented are statistics on timber area, volume, growth, mortality, and use. Projections of timber growth, removals, and inventory are made to 1992, and possible future changes in the forest are discussed....

The growing timber resource of Michigan, 1966.

Treesearch

Clarence D. Chase; Ray E. Pfeifer; John S. Spencer

1969-01-01

The third (1966) Forest Survey of Michigan shows sizable gains in growing-stock and sawtimber volumes since 1955, despite a small decline in the commercial forest area. Presented are statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, stocking, and use. Also presented is a projection of timber growth, removals, and inventory to 1996.

Indiana timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 2000

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Joey Gallion

2003-01-01

Discusses recent Indiana forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs, veneer logs, and pulpwood in 2000. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of mill residues.

Timber resource of Missouri's Southwestern Ozarks, 1972.

Treesearch

Arnold J. Ostrom; Jerold T. Hahn

1974-01-01

The third timber inventory of Missouri's Southwestern Ozarks Forest Survey Unit shows a substantial decline in the volumes of both growing stock and sawtimber between 1959 and 1972. Commercial forest area also declined substantially during the same period. Presented are highlights and statistics on forest area and timber volume, growth, mortality, ownership, and...

Sawlog grades for eastern white pine

Treesearch

Myron D. Ostrander; Robert L. Brisbin; Robert L. Brisbin

1971-01-01

In 1957, the USDA Forest Service Log Grade Committee recommended a service-wide action program in log- and tree-grade research. Approval of the program in 1958 resulted in the establishment of five species-oriented timber-quality research projects covering several groups of commercially important timber species. The eastern softwood timber-quality project was activated...

Compatability of timber salvage operations with watershed values

Treesearch

Roger J. Poff

1989-01-01

Timber salvage on the Indian Burn was carried out without compromising watershed values. In some cases watershed condition was actually improved by providing ground cover, by removing trees that were a source of erosive water droplets, and by breaking up hydrophobic soil layers. Negative impacts of timber salvage on watersheds were minimized by using an...

South Dakota timber industry--an assessment of timber product output and use, 1999.

Treesearch

Ronald J. Piva; Gregory J. Josten

2003-01-01

Discusses recent South Dakota forest industry trends; production and receipts of industrial roundwood; and production of saw logs in 1999. Reports on logging residue generated from timber harvest operations. Also reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary wood-using mills and on disposition of mill residues.

Computer software to estimate timber harvesting system production, cost, and revenue

Treesearch

Dr. John E. Baumgras; Dr. Chris B. LeDoux

1992-01-01

Large variations in timber harvesting cost and revenue can result from the differences between harvesting systems, the variable attributes of harvesting sites and timber stands, or changing product markets. Consequently, system and site specific estimates of production rates and costs are required to improve estimates of harvesting revenue. This paper describes...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

43 CFR 5511.3-4 - Removal by agent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOREST MANAGEMENT (5000) FREE USE OF TIMBER Free Use Regulations § 5511.3-4 Removal by agent. A free-use permittee may procure the timber by agent. Such agent shall not, however, be paid more than fair compensation for the time, labor and money expended in procuring timber and...

36 CFR 219.11 - Timber requirements based on the NFMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timber requirements based on the NFMA. 219.11 Section 219.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land Management Planning § 219.11 Timber requirements based on the...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 223.6 - Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cutting and removal of timber in free-use areas. 223.6 Section 223.6 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SALE AND DISPOSAL OF NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM TIMBER, SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS, AND...

36 CFR 219.11 - Timber requirements based on the NFMA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timber requirements based on the NFMA. 219.11 Section 219.11 Parks, Forests, and Public Property FOREST SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PLANNING National Forest System Land Management Planning § 219.11 Timber requirements based on the...