Ant-like stone beetles on the roof of the world. Cephenniini of Nepal and Bhutan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae).

PubMed

Jałoszyński, Paweł

2017-11-15

The tribe Cephenniini is for the first time reported to occur in the Himalaya Mountains, and 58 species are described: Cephennomicrus arunensis sp. n., Cm. acupunctatus sp. n., Cm. taplejungensis sp. n., Hlavaciellus primitivus sp. n., Cephennodes (s. str.) cavifrons sp. n., C. (s. str.) pampinosus sp. n., C. (s. str.) bagmatianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) popeye sp. n., C. (s. str.) clavodentatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) meredaranus sp. n., C. (s. str.) yangrianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) suturalis sp. n., C. (s. str.) karnaliensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) churtanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) sermathangensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) tipulipes sp. n., C. (s. str.) yeti sp. n., C. (s. str.) inflaticornis sp. n., C. (s. str.) dolakhanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) manangensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) martensi sp. n., C. (s. str.) paramartensi sp. n., C. (s. str.) monolaminatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) thakanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) annapurnaensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) parbatensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) letheanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) myagdiensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) malla sp. n., C. (s. str.) gorkha sp. n., C. (s. str.) tharepatianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) minisulcatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) mustangensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) lalitpuranus sp. n., C. (s. str.) paralalitpuranus sp. n., C. (s. str.) bahrabisensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) bilaminatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) ghorepanianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) cordilaminatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) mangmayanus sp. n. C. (s. str.) bilobatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) gokarnaensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) pseudogokarnaensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) mahisapala sp. n., C. (s. str.) licchavi sp. n., C. (s. str.) gopala sp. n., C. (s. str.) paniporuanus sp. n., C. (s. str.) brachyclavatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) phulchokianus sp. n., C. (s. str.) pokharensis sp. n., C. (s. str.) newar sp. n., C. (s. str.) kusunda sp. n., C. (s. str.) sindhupalchowk sp. n., C. (s. str.) furcatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) penicillipes sp. n., C. (s. str.) sulcatus sp. n., C. (s. str.) kalopanianus sp. n., and C. (s. str.) poonensis sp. n. Cephennodes popeye occurs in Bhutan; all remaining species inhabit Nepal. Four new species groups are established in Cephennodes, and a checklist of all Cephennodes species placed in species groups is given. The presumably plesiomorphic morphological structures of H. primitivus are discussed, and comparative notes on the Himalayan Cephenniini fauna are presented.

Aloha - Rigolette Area, Louisiana, Agricultural Flood Control. Volume 2. Technical Appendixes, A, B, C, D, E.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

rp - l J4J w.1> J Q)$ V + m .5 + 4 - u.j -r 4 Ŕ 0 0 u4 w w 1 0O^c 0 H4 oH -,~40 -4 IC Oq- m-~ m~ u-i Ai M~ AJ-61 *-J G Co C - oCtC 1 I It C C C 1 1... g IC C. mCt . . C .U C . CC. UCCC~. Ccc C 0 C C C- - CC ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 11 I. C - - C f .- CC U 0 C ,a CC C C Cu CC CC- C U O CC CCCCC I C CC C I . Or...I 4’C’.’C.’ 4. I g I I I I I I I I I 0 I I - a. I I I I I I I I I U I I CI..aUa I I I I I I. I I - I I .IICaC C I I I I I I I I I I .C I I 0 I I I I I

On the wettability diversity of C/SiC surface: Comparison of the ground C/SiC surface and ablated C/SiC surface from three aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, M. L.; Ren, C. Z.; Xu, H. Z.

2016-11-01

The coefficient of thermal conductivity was influenced by the wetting state of material. The wetting state usually depends on the surface wettability. C/SiC is a promising ceramic composites with multi-components. The wettability of C/SiC composites is hard to resort to the classical wetting theory directly. So far, few investigations focused on C/SiC surface wettability diversity after different material removal processes. In this investigation, comparative studies of surface wettability of ground C/SiC surface and laser-ablated C/SiC surface were carried out through apparent contact angle (APCA) measurements. The results showed that water droplets easily reached stable state on ground C/SiC surface; while the water droplets rappidly penetrated into the laser-ablated C/SiC surface. In order to find out the reason for wettability distinctions between the ground C/SiC surface and the laser-ablated C/SiC surface, comparative studies on the surface micro-structure, surface C-O-Si distribution, and surface C-O-Si weight percentage were carried out. The results showed that (1) A large number of micro cracks in the fuzzy pattern layer over laser-ablated C/SiC surfaces easily destoried the surface tension of water droplets, while only a few cracks existed over the ground C/SiC surfaces. (2) Chemical components (C, O, Si) were non-uniformly distributed on ground C/SiC surfaces, while the chemical components (C, O, Si) were uniformly distributed on laser-ablated C/SiC surfaces. (3) The carbon weight percentage on ground C/SiC surfaces were higher than that on laser-ablated C/SiC surfaces. All these made an essential contribution to the surface wettability diversity of C/SiC surface. Although more investigations about the quantitative influence of surface topography and surface chemical composition on composites wettability are still needed, the conslusion can be used in application: the wettability of C/SiC surface can be controlled by different material removal process without individual following up surface modification process.

Stabilization of Giant Fullerenes C2(41)-C90, D3(85)-C92, C1(132)-C94, C2(157)-C96, and C1(175)-C98 by Encapsulation of a Large La2C2 Cluster: The Importance of Cluster-Cage Matching.

PubMed

Zhao, Shasha; Zhao, Pei; Cai, Wenting; Bao, Lipiao; Chen, Muqing; Xie, Yunpeng; Zhao, Xiang; Lu, Xing

2017-04-05

Successful isolation and unambiguous crystallographic assignment of a series of higher carbide cluster metallofullerenes present new insights into the molecular structures and cluster-cage interactions of endohedral metallofullerenes. These new species are identified as La 2 C 2 @C 2 (41)-C 90 , La 2 C 2 @D 3 (85)-C 92 , La 2 C 2 @C 1 (132)-C 94 , La 2 C 2 @C 2 (157)-C 96 , and La 2 C 2 @C 1 (175)-C 98 . This is the first report for these new cage structures except for D 3 (85)-C 92 . Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that La 2 C 92-106 are more inclined to exist stably in the carbide form La 2 C 2 @C 90-104 rather than as the dimetallofullerenes La 2 @C 92-106 , which are rationalized by considering a synergistic effect of inserting a C 2 unit into the cage, which ensures strong metal-cage interactions by partially neutralizing the charges from the metal ions and by fulfilling the coordination requirement of the La 3+ ions as much as possible.

Engineering and Environmental Study of DDT Contamination of Huntsville Spring Branch, Indian Creek and Adjacent Lands and Waters, Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama. Revision,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

Sparrow Aimophila aestivalis r r r Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis u r c c Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea u u Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina c...c c c Field Sparrow * Spizella pusilla c c c c Harris’ Sparrow Zonotrichia querula X White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys u c c White... throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicol1 is u c c Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca u c c Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza

Fluorine-substitution induced switching of dissociation patterns of C6H4*+ produced by photoelimination of MgF2 from the complexes of mg*+ (multifluorobenzene).

PubMed

Liu, Hai-Chuan; Zhang, Xin-Hao; Wu, Yun-Dong; Yang, Shihe

2005-03-07

Complexes of fluorinated benzenes (o-C6H4-nF2+n) and Mg*+ are subjected to ultraviolet photodissociation (260-340 nm), producing efficiently benzyne radical cations (C6H4-nFn*+) besides Mg*+ and MgF+. We show that the consecutive dissociation of C6H4-nFn*+ follows the [C4(+) + C2] pattern exclusively for n < or = 2 after the parent complexes absorb one or two photons. However, the dissociation pattern is switched to [C5(+) + C1] and [C1 + C5] for n > or = 3. In particular, upon two-photon absorption at 340 nm by the complexes of Mg*+ (C6HF5) (1) and Mg*+ (C6F6) (2), photoproducts of CF+, C5H+, and C5HF*+ from C6HF3*+ and CF+, C5F+, C5F2*+, and C5F3+ from C6F4*+ are detected, respectively. Theoretical calculations are used to explain the switching of the dissociation patterns induced by the fluorine substitutions. It was found that the formation of C5+ + C1 is energetically more favorable than that of C4(+) + C2 from C6HF3*+ and C6F4*+ and of C1(+) + C5. Except for C5H2F(+) + CF, all the channels of [C5(+) + C1] and [C1(+) + C5] are energetically less favorable than those of [C4(+) + C2] from C6H3F*+ and C6H2F2*+. In most cases, the calculated results agree well with the experimental observations.

An Aerobic Digestion of Lime Sludge.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-01

removal. 1,2 After lime addition, phosphorus is considered to be in the form of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca5-(OH)(P04 )3 ), which will not resolubilize...U: c a e - ~ -’ tr *cr. V. (r. C . -~~~ C c C C&c cj Ir u -. C Fy. - U C C - C F.~-cc 0.c gC - - gg MFC - - C -66 TABLE 20. SUMMARY OF LEAST

Effect of Unifocal versus Multifocal Lenses on Cervical Spine Posture in Patients with Presbyopia.

PubMed

Abbas, Rami L; Houri, Mohamad T; Rayyan, Mohammad M; Hamada, Hamada Ahmad; Saab, Ibtissam M

2018-04-04

There are many environmental considerations which may or may not lead to the development of faulty cervical mechanics. The design of near vision lenses could contribute to the development of such cervical dysfunction and consequently neck pain. Decision making regarding proper type of lens prescription seems important for presbyopic individuals. To investigate the effect of unifocal and multifocal lenses on cervical posture. Thirty subjects (18 females and 12 males) participated in the study with an age range from 40 to 64 years. Each subject wore consequently both unifocal and multifocal lenses randomly while reading. Then lateral cervical spine X-ray films were taken for each subject during each lens wearing. X-ray films were analyzed with digital software (Autocad software, 2 D) to measure segmental angles of the cervical vertebrae (Occiput/C1, C1/C2, C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5, C5/C6, C6/C7, C3/C7, C0/C3, and occiput/C7). Higher significant extension angle in the segments C0/C7, C1/C2, C5/C6, C6/C7, and C3/C7 (p<0.05) during multifocal lenses wearing were observed in contrast with higher flexion angle between C3/C4 and C4/C5 (p<0.05) with unifocal lenses wear. Multifocal lens spectacles produces increased extension in the cervical vertebrae angles when compared with the use of unifocal lenses.

A phylogenetic study of ubiquinone-7 species of the genus Candida based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequence divergence.

PubMed

Suzuki, Motofumi; Nakase, Takashi

2002-02-01

To clarify phylogenetic relationships among ubiquinone 7 (Q7)-forming species of the genus Candida, we analyzed the nearly complete sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA genes (18S rDNAs) from fifty strains (including 46 type strains) of Candida species, and from 8 type strains of species/varieties of the genera Issatchenkia, Pichia and Saturnispora. Q7-forming Candida species were divided into three major groups (Group I, II, and III) and were phylogenetically distant from a group that includes the type species of the genus Candida. Group I included four clusters with basal branches that were weakly supported. The first cluster comprised C. vartiovaarae, C. maritima, C. utilis, C. freyschussii, C. odintsovae, C. melinii, C. quercuum, Williopsis saturnus var. saturnus, and W. mucosa. The second cluster comprised C. norvegica, C. montana, C. stellimalicola, C. solani, C. berthetii, and C. dendrica. Williopsis pratensis, W. californica, Pichia opuntiae and 2 related species, P. amethionina (two varieties), and P. caribaea were also included in this cluster. The third cluster comprised C. pelliculosa (anamorph of P. anomala), C. nitrativorans, and C. silvicultrix. The fourth cluster comprised C. wickerhamii and C. peltata, which were placed in the P. holstii - C. ernobii clade with Q8-containing species. Group II comprised C. pignaliae, C. nemodendra, C. methanolovescens, C. maris, C. sonorensis, C. pini, C. llanquihuensis, C. cariosilignicola, C. ovalis, C. succiphila (including its two synonyms), C. methanosorbosa, C. nitratophila, C. nanaspora, C. boidinii (including its two synonyms), W. salicorniae, and P. methanolica. Group III was composed of four clusters with strong bootstrap support. The first cluster comprised C. valida (anamorph of P. membranifaciens), C. ethanolica, C. pseudolambica, C. citrea, C. inconspicua, C. norvegensis, C. rugopelliculosa, and C. lambica. Three species and two varieties of the genus Issatchenkia were also included in this cluster. The second cluster comprised C. diversa, C. silvae, 4 Saturnispora species, and P. besseyi. The third comprised C. sorboxylosa, and the fourth comprised C. vini. Based on this 18S rDNA sequence analysis, it is evident that Q7-forming Candida species and the genera Pichia and Williopsis are polyphyletic. The genus Issatchenkia is suggested to be congeneric with the genus Pichia. The genus Saturnispora is phylogenetically definable.

The Correlation Between Subjective and Objective Measures of Coded Speech Quality and Intelligibility Following Noise Corruption

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

VALUES OF EACH BLOCK C TO BE PRINTED. C C ASTORE - 256 VALUE REAL ARRAY USED TO C STORE THE CONVERTED VOLTAGES C FROM ISTORE C C SBLK- STARTING BLOCK...BETWEEN -5.00 C VOLTS AND +5.00 VOLTS. C ~c INTEGER IFILE(13),SBLK,CBLK,ISTORE(256),ST(22), " IBLOCKSJFILE(13),EBLK t :- C REAL ASTORE (256) C C ENTER...CONVERT EACH BLOCK TO BE PRINTED INTO VOLTAGES AND C STORE IN THE ARRAY ASTORE . WRITE ASTORE INTO THE C FILE NAMED BY JFILE C C DO 60 I=1,256 ASTORE (I

Feeding Concept, Military Vs Civilian System

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

Pudding d 3 c Chocolate Pudding w/Whipped Topping d 3 c Cowboy Cookies d 3 c Cream Puffs d 3 c Donuts d...c Fruit Won Tons d 3 c Gelatin Cubes d 3 c Hermits d 3 c Ice Box Cookies d : c Ice Cream d...I c Jelly Bar Spritz d 3 c Jelly Roll d : c Lemon Meringue Pie d : c Lime Gelatin Cubes d : c Oatmeal Cookies

All Prime Contract Awards by State or Country, Place, and Contractor, FY 87. Part 9. Abilene, Kansas-Yarmouth, Maine.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

8217) 00) 00() W-4 4I 0C04 I CNNeNN".40 c.-4 c N C-4 cO -.4-40 C.40(co0~ C(O C.-4 C.4 C-4 I 00 I C-.4-4" "N 4c c .4 CN C O c ENc C-4-4< C.4-I.44C c - C-I C...34-N 04 >4 w 0 w104 -4 𔃾 1 (0O04 I E -4.4 -4,4< E-4 -4 4 EC’m ENc E -4 EN U MN m 00 .CD ’-4 CN4 = N 1I (O0004 W WW M ID~(0o WC~o .C4 .CI =(L =CC, us N...4000C4 0-44 0 0 0004 ’)n . enc (j -0 c0 0 7 3(0029 000- 00-44--C Z(co1-10- 4 0 4. 00001-< 0- 0q 0Nca co 0c 0 0m~ 00 00rc . nwu> UM )mmc 10 4 (. o r)00

Analysis of Algorithms Predicting Blood: Air and Tissue: Blood Partition Coefficient from Solvent Partition Coefficients for Use in Complex Mixture Physiological Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

8217)~)a EA~U M) 12. Cu 05 𔃺 ). C C a) a’r - (a 04 W- a’ En a 0 4) 0X0 a’ 1 En I W M*E .x 0 a 00o0 0 CLu 0 n4~) 0 S 5 cc 02. 0 3 02 0 0 0 0~ ~> CDL- F5 ...0 E E 0 0 0 E0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F5 Fn i Fn Fn Fn Fn Fn in Fn Fn Fn #AC U C U C U C C U C U () C) C C C C CC C C CC C C1 o) t_- c) c c o t)O L- C14- ) CD...a a W 4 0 0 Mu CD EL a..M C 0 -am- o uWMWWZZM W IL IL WWWWIM:Ma 0- Il (L(LWW WWI w t I 0) 0 a) a000) 0 C0 0r0 CcC_ C C C acCa .03 0 03 03 2 M 2

Velocity of Ejection of Meteor Particle from the Nucleus of Comets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Safarov, Abduljalol; Ibadinov, Khursand

2016-07-01

The time and velocity of dust particles of anomalous tail of comets was determine. Velocity ejection of dust particles from the nuclei of comets C/1851 U1, C/1877 G1, C/1921 E1, C/1925 V1, C/1962 C1, C/1969 T1, C/1975 V2, 2P/1924 and 26P/1927 F1 reaching up to 0.4 km/s can be attributed to the removal of large dust particles from the surface of the icy nucleus of comet sublimating molecules. In comets C/1823 Y1, C/1844 Y1, C/1882 R1, C/1883 D1, C/1888 R1, C/1892 E1, D/1894 F1, C/1910 A1, C/1921 E1, C/1922 U1, C/1930 D1, C/1930 O1, C/1931 P1, C/1932 M1, C/1935 A1, C/1954 O1, C/1961 O1, C/1963 A1, C/1968 H1, C/1973 E1, C/1980 P1, C/1984 N2, C/1987 P1, C/1995 O1, C/1999 H1, C/1999 T2, C/1999 S4, C/2002 T7, C/2004 F4, C/2004 Q2, 6P/1950, 7P/1869 G1, 7P/1933, 10P/1930, 19P/1918, 34P/1938 J1, 35P/1939, 67P/1982, 73P/1930 J1, 96P/1986 J1 and 109P/1862 O1 ejection velocity (up to a few km/s) of the particles of anomalous tail from the nuclei significantly exceed the thermal velocity of the molecules sublimating ice nuclei. Such velocity may be explained by the removal of particles from the surface of the nucleus after the collision of the comet nucleus with meteoroids

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2000-04-01

Concerning comets: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1997 BA6 (Spacewatch), C/1998 K2 (LINEAR), C/1998 M5 (LINEAR), C/1998 P1 (Williams), C/1998 T1 (LINEAR), C/1998 U5 (LINEAR), C/1999 A1 (Tilbrook), C/1999 E1 (Li), C/1999 F1 (Catalina), C/1999 F2 (Dalcanton), C/1999 H1 (Lee), C/1999 H3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J2 (Skiff), C/1999 J3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K1 (SOHO), C/1999 K2 (Ferris), C/1999 K3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K5 (LINEAR), C/1999 K6 (LINEAR), C/1999 K8 (LINEAR), C/1999 L3 (LINEAR), C/1999 N2 (Lynn), C/1999 N4 (LINEAR), C/1999 S2 (McNaught-Watson), C/1999 S3 (LINEAR), C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), C/1999 T1 (McNaught-Hartley), C/1999 T2 (LINEAR), C/1999 T3 (LINEAR), C/1999 U1 (Ferris), C/1999 U4 (Catalina-Skiff), C/1999 XS87 (LINEAR), C/1999 Y1 (LINEAR), C/2000 A1 (Montani), C/2000 B2 (LINEAR), C/2000 B4 (LINEAR), C/2000 CT54 (LINEAR), C/2000 D2 (LINEAR), 4P/Faye, 9P/Tempel 1, 10P/Tempel 2, 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 37P/Forbes, 50P/Arend, 52P/Harrington-Abell, 59P/Kearns-Kwee, 60P/Tsuchinshan 2, 63P/Wild 1, 71P/Clark, 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh, 84P/Giclas, 93P/Lovas 1, 95P/Chiron, 105P/Singer Brewster, 106P/Schuster, 114P/Wisemann-Skiff, 140P/Bowell-Skiff, 141P/Machholz 2, 142P/Ge-Wang, 143P/Kowal-Mrkos, P/1998 S1 (LINEAR-Mueller), P/1998 U3 (Jäger), P/1998 W1 (Spahr), P/1998 Y2 (Li), P/1999 RO28 (LONEOS), P/1999 U3 (LINEAR), P/1999 V1 (Catalina), P/1999 WJ7 (Korlević), P/1999 X1 (Hug-Bell), P/1999 XB69 (LINEAR), P/1999 XN120 (Catalina), P/2000 B3 (LINEAR), P/2000 C1 (Hergenrother), P/2000 G1 (LINEAR).

E258K HCM-causing mutation in cardiac MyBP-C reduces contractile force and accelerates twitch kinetics by disrupting the cMyBP-C and myosin S2 interaction.

PubMed

De Lange, Willem J; Grimes, Adrian C; Hegge, Laura F; Spring, Alexander M; Brost, Taylor M; Ralphe, J Carter

2013-09-01

Mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are prevalent causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Although HCM-causing truncation mutations in cMyBP-C are well studied, the growing number of disease-related cMyBP-C missense mutations remain poorly understood. Our objective was to define the primary contractile effect and molecular disease mechanisms of the prevalent cMyBP-C E258K HCM-causing mutation in nonremodeled murine engineered cardiac tissue (mECT). Wild-type and human E258K cMyBP-C were expressed in mECT lacking endogenous mouse cMyBP-C through adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. Expression of E258K cMyBP-C did not affect cardiac cell survival and was appropriately incorporated into the cardiac sarcomere. Functionally, expression of E258K cMyBP-C caused accelerated contractile kinetics and severely compromised twitch force amplitude in mECT. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that E258K cMyBP-C abolished interaction between the N terminal of cMyBP-C and myosin heavy chain sub-fragment 2 (S2). Furthermore, this mutation increased the affinity between the N terminal of cMyBP-C and actin. Assessment of phosphorylation of three serine residues in cMyBP-C showed that aberrant phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is unlikely to be responsible for altering these interactions. We show that the E258K mutation in cMyBP-C abolishes interaction between N-terminal cMyBP-C and myosin S2 by directly disrupting the cMyBP-C-S2 interface, independent of cMyBP-C phosphorylation. Similar to cMyBP-C ablation or phosphorylation, abolition of this inhibitory interaction accelerates contractile kinetics. Additionally, the E258K mutation impaired force production of mECT, which suggests that in addition to the loss of physiological function, this mutation disrupts contractility possibly by tethering the thick and thin filament or acting as an internal load.

Beach Profile Analysis System (BPAS). Volume VIII. Supporting Appendixes for BPAS User’s Guides.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

V) 0 4)C CC0~ID ~C ~ C C~ a) L C C~ ~ C L- d C C C a . C.. -’ -C--C 0 ) w 0 0 (a) 0 (L 00.0V a) L)~a LCC Uda C - -La r CC-->C> C ) a ).C C...2+"- 21 14 1 4 1 a7Sooo2 IIoQ2’l 4 0# 1la+ t0+ 1ab # 37# 153s So* 185# .8. l8i 340 3 w 2 4 7+ 1# 1 + l o+t 174+ 1IS+ 100+ lab+ 147’ + 1 + 1 9Q a IIIa 1

A Feasibility Study for the Development of a Nuclear Moisture Density Measurement System for Marine Use.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-28

n c u c t Ic.: ; coeffi c I e n t s a’- - ‘.- .;.“ra t r fc r a n r- :a c’ ’’s i Cr- can --bloc - -C ‘ J ; I ( a ’ ’) is alo uC .05 C 10 ” ~n i...c - c - ’- c - n l~~~~l j L c i , i t is ( 1 a u - c ’: : - vera - -~ t i c a-, th i s d c c L - a is v a - c r y di :n r — c ’ n L i c c-f

The structure and conformations of piracetam (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide): Gas-phase electron diffraction and quantum chemical calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ksenafontov, Denis N.; Moiseeva, Natalia F.; Khristenko, Lyudmila V.; Karasev, Nikolai M.; Shishkov, Igor F.; Vilkov, Lev V.

2010-12-01

The geometric structure of piracetam was studied by quantum chemical calculations (DFT and ab initio), gas electron diffraction (GED), and FTIR spectroscopy. Two stable mirror symmetric isomers of piracetam were found. The conformation of pyrrolidine ring is an envelope in which the C4 atom deviates from the ring plane, the angle between the planes (C3 sbnd C4 sbnd C5) and (C2 sbnd C3 sbnd C5) is 154.1°. The direction of the deviation is the same as that of the side acetamide group. The piracetam molecule is stabilized in the gas phase by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the N9H 2 group and the oxygen O6, bonded to C2. The principal structural parameters ( re, Å and ∠e, degrees; uncertainties are 3 σLS values) were found to be: r(С3 sbnd С4) = 1.533(1), r(C4 sbnd C5) = 1.540(1), r(N1 sbnd C5) = 1.456(1), r(C2 sbnd C3) = 1.520(1), r(N1 sbnd C7) = 1.452(1), r(C7 sbnd C8) = 1.537(1), r(N1 sbnd C2) = 1.365(2), r(C8 sbnd N9) = 1.360(2), r(C2 dbnd O6) = 1.229(1), r(C8 dbnd O10) = 1.221(1), ∠C2 sbnd N1 sbnd C5 = 113.4(6), ∠N1 sbnd C2 sbnd C3 = 106.9(6), ∠N1 sbnd C7 sbnd C8 = 111.9(6), ∠C7 sbnd C8 sbnd N9 = 112.5(6), ∠N1 sbnd C2 sbnd O6 = 123.0(4), ∠C3 sbnd N1 sbnd C7 = 120.4(4), ∠C7 sbnd C8 sbnd O10 = 120.2(4), ∠C5 sbnd N1 sbnd C2 sbnd O6 = 170(6), ∠C3 sbnd C2 sbnd N1 sbnd C7 = 178(6), ∠C2 sbnd N1 sbnd C7 sbnd C8 = 84.2, ∠N1 sbnd C7 sbnd C8 sbnd O10 = 111.9.

Systematics and faunistics of Neotropical Eucosmini. 1. Chimoptesis Powell, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

PubMed

Razowski, Ózef; Becker, Vitor Osmar

2015-03-31

Twenty-one new species of Chimoptesis are described and illustrated: C. costaricae (TL: Costa Rica: San José), C. phanera (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. rubigo (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. rosariana (TL: Cuba: Pinar Rio), C. miniaula (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. kallion (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. potosiana (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. obliquaria (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. angulata (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. dentitia (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. faceta (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. caera (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. castanescens (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. albomixta (TL: Mexico: Distrito Federal), C. cornigera (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. mitrion (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. setoses (TL: Cuba: Santiago), C. juniptesis (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. tamaulipasia (TL: Mexico: Tamaulipas), C. zoquiapana (Mexico: Distrito Federal), and C. rufobrunnea (TL: Costa Rica: San José). Formerly known only from the U.S., Chimoptesis is recorded south to Costa Rica in Central America and Cuba in the Caribbean.

Military Dimensions of Communist Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

DI 0)~ I -c-i -q -o C ) 1 1 ! c 1 1 -- l d--. - co 0d, 17’~ H N ~ C) ,4; 10 N 0 I Q 0 0o olf 0 ’D ILO W NO co - 1n. -4 - 0... L C--4 n O c r- co(’ LO %DJ - ) ON- - C-4 ’ 0~ -1D 1-1 . W 0 1𔃾L -1 C-’- _;A L C- (IN 1 m I C- (I a% 0!. 0 !’ 0 11 AJ a’( cl DI LON r-14 0 0LD -4 (1...D 4 (n 1) to,- C-jLU) Vf) - C> Ir)U) 17 0 - C1 4 - L 4 0 C ( Di 10r 0 0 0 0 ’A-~ 0 ID a, U) 0 In r- 0 l -- CD 0 r- c C . C C . C C -,A C-a . (0 m1-

Geographic List of Prime Contract Awards. Oct 92-Sep 93. FY 93. (Absarokee, Montana-Truth or Consequences, New Mexico). Part 8

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

4- wi 01 (A I- s- 4-’ (A (4 m) 5- C - U 0 0 0 U) 01 0) U) d’ I V) V) ( 1 ) < (0 4S) L C 0 4-) 4) 01 _0 0 > c a) c L 4-) S 1 . - u U C -’ S.- CD 0 C 0 C...4J fo to - i’ Ca 0 cu -n0 C C Co (a IV Q) (n ’C ’C C ) C C E in 0) M) =4 5- L M1 -. 4- I ’ 3: t l) 01 c/) U) C En a) M- 4- .i 4- C C: < -M 44 ’ 1 , . U...0L.0 0) *’- (D M > to -.- - - 0 ’C to It SC a -’ C - = C 4 C ’ E m 4- o S- Li. U 1 :4- :j 4- 4-’ E a 0) 4.- C) 0 (D -- o -’- E C/) < 0 TE >% 4-’ 0- 4

[Mutation analysis of seven patients with Waardenburg syndrome].

PubMed

Hao, Ziqi; Zhou, Yongan; Li, Pengli; Zhang, Quanbin; Li, Jiao; Wang, Pengfei; Li, Xiangshao; Feng, Yong

2016-06-01

To perform genetic analysis for 7 patients with Waardenburg syndrome. Potential mutation of MITF, PAX3, SOX10 and SNAI2 genes was screened by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Functions of non-synonymous polymorphisms were predicted with PolyPhen2 software. Seven mutations, including c.649-651delAGA (p.R217del), c.72delG (p.G24fs), c.185T>C (p.M62T), c.118C>T (p.Q40X), c.422T>C (p.L141P), c.640C>T (p.R214X) and c.28G>T(p.G43V), were detected in the patients. Among these, four mutations of the PAX3 gene (c.72delG, c.185T>C, c.118C>T and c.128G>T) and one SOX10 gene mutation (c.422T>C) were not reported previously. Three non-synonymous SNPs (c.185T>C, c.128G>T and c.422T>C) were predicted as harmful. Genetic mutations have been detected in all patients with Waardenburg syndrome.

Combined Hydrophobic/Oleophobic Membrane Separation and Extraction for Fuel Treatment (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-24

Institute, Dayton, OH 45469 4 California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840 5 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 2 Acknowledgements Ms. Yvonne...ppm) C2 Thiophenes 0.3 C3-C4 Thiophenes 1.4 C5 Thiophenes 3.7 C6 Thiophenes 3.5 C7 Thiophenes 4.1 C8 -C9 Thiophenes 2.9 C10 Thiophenes 0.6 C11...Thiophenes 6.3 C6 Thiophenes 6.1 C7 Thiophenes 5.8 C8 -C9 Thiophenes 4.9 C10 Thiophenes 1.3 C11 Thiophenes 0.9 C12+ Thiophenes 2.0 Standard Grade RP-1 (Errors

Nationwide Survey of Soldier Perceptions of Reserve Component (RC) training

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

University Drive ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO. Boise_ TD 8A372 63007A 795 3308(516) X2 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) Nationwide Survey...2.277) would not only be 22 0) N’ - w Cq If) ~ 4I CD IfO LC) Vf)r- V- co tf)- wc~)) u-, v ’ 0 0O tD 1-’- 4 C0 f 𔃾ICD Cy) C C -Il T-4 InOIoOD 0 - O...8217 wo LO) co C C -4 C’) -q w ) Co co) C’. i Cc.3 C2 C C) C’) C\\J C’) C’) C’) C’) C’) Co) t o C o CD co -4 C’) tD 1-4 C𔃽 S vi CD 0) lw El - 0) 14 co 0

Factors affecting numbers of Culicoides in truck traps in coastal Queensland.

PubMed

Kettle, D S; Edwards, P B; Barnes, A

1998-10-01

Truck trap collections of Ceratopogonidae were made over a period of 27 months (November 1973-February 1976) at Tingalpa Creek, in southeast Queensland, Australia. Six collections were made on each of 95 days, giving 570 observations and a total of 29,378 Culicoides. Two collections were made before, one at, and three after sunset. Separate analyses were made of the catches of thirteen entities: male and female C. austropalpalis, C. brevitarsis, C. marksi, C. marmoratus and C. victoriae, female C. henryi and C. longior, and total C. bundyensis. Catches were dominated by C. brevitarsis (35.2%) and C. marmoratus (32.3%) and, with C. victoriae, were taken on almost every collecting day over all seasons. Sex ratios (M:F) varied from 0:100 for C. longior to 130:100 for C. marksi. Collections of all entities, except female C. henryi, were greatest (50-70% of the daily catch) at sunset. In winter there was substantial activity in the hour before sunset. Time of day was the most important variable, accounting for 15-45% of the observed variation. Between-day differences were significant for all except C. austropalpalis, C. victoriae and male C. marksi. Culicoides brevitarsis, C. bundyensis and C. longior had highly significant annual cycles, C. victoriae and female C. austropalpalis had significant lunar cycles, and C. longior had a significant tidal cycle. Logarithms of catches of female C. austropalpalis, C. brevitarsis, C. henryi, C. marmoratus, and female and male C. victoriae were inversely related to linear wind speed. Log catches of female C. austropalpalis, C. brevitarsis, C. marmoratus and C. victoriae, and male C. marksi and C. victoriae were positively related to temperature (quadratic).

Molecular Gene Profiling of Clostridium botulinum Group III and Its Detection in Naturally Contaminated Samples Originating from Various European Countries

PubMed Central

Woudstra, Cedric; Le Maréchal, Caroline; Souillard, Rozenn; Bayon-Auboyer, Marie-Hélène; Anniballi, Fabrizio; Auricchio, Bruna; De Medici, Dario; Bano, Luca; Koene, Miriam; Sansonetti, Marie-Hélène; Desoutter, Denise; Hansbauer, Eva-Maria; Dorner, Martin B.; Dorner, Brigitte G.

2015-01-01

We report the development of real-time PCR assays for genotyping Clostridium botulinum group III targeting the newly defined C. novyi sensu lato group; the nontoxic nonhemagglutinin (NTNH)-encoding gene ntnh; the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)-encoding genes bont/C, bont/C/D, bont/D, and bont/D/C; and the flagellin (fliC) gene. The genetic diversity of fliC among C. botulinum group III strains resulted in the definition of five major subgroups named fliC-I to fliC-V. Investigation of fliC subtypes in 560 samples, with various European origins, showed that fliC-I was predominant and found exclusively in samples contaminated by C. botulinum type C/D, fliC-II was rarely detected, no sample was recorded as fliC-III or fliC-V, and only C. botulinum type D/C samples tested positive for fliC-IV. The lack of genetic diversity of the flagellin gene of C. botulinum type C/D would support a clonal spread of type C/D strains in different geographical areas. fliC-I to fliC-III are genetically related (87% to 92% sequence identity), whereas fliC-IV from C. botulinum type D/C is more genetically distant from the other fliC types (with only 50% sequence identity). These findings suggest fliC-I to fliC-III have evolved in a common environment and support a different genetic evolution for fliC-IV. A combination of the C. novyi sensu lato, ntnh, bont, and fliC PCR assays developed in this study allowed better characterization of C. botulinum group III and showed the group to be less genetically diverse than C. botulinum groups I and II, supporting a slow genetic evolution of the strains belonging to C. botulinum group III. PMID:25636839

Multiscale characteristics dynamics of hydrochar from hydrothermal conversion of sewage sludge under sub- and near-critical water.

PubMed

He, Chao; Zhao, Jun; Yang, Yanhui; Wang, Jing-Yuan

2016-07-01

Dewatered sewage sludge was upgraded to hydrochar using hydrothermal conversion in sub- and near-critical water. Three characteristic temperature regimes responsible for the upgrading were identified. Drastic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, amide II or secondary amines occurred at 200°C while noticeable decarboxylation initiated above 260°C. Elevated temperature improved porosity but did not induce higher surface area. Aliphatic C was mainly transformed to aromatic hydrocarbon rather than aromatic C-O in subcritical water, whereas COO/N-CO and aromatic C-O were decomposed to carbohydrate C at 380°C. Below 300°C, carbon functionalities in hydrochars were thermally stable and faster decomposition of N than C-(C,H) resulted in dramatic decline of N/C. Above 300°C, C-H was gradually polymerized to aromatic C-(C,H) which was considerably transformed to C-(O,N) and C-H at 380°C. CaO favored intense destruction of aromatic C-C/C-H, anomeric O-C-O, C-H and C-(O,N) functionalities but introduced more aromatic C-O and OC-O. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The chemical bonds effect of Amaranthus hybridus L. and Dracaena Angustifolia on TiO2 as photo-sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar Cells (DSSC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahliha, A. H.; Nurosyid, F.; Supriyanto, A.

2017-08-01

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) consists of a working electrode, dye, electrolyte, and a counter electrode. The paper showed the effect of chemical bonds Dracaena Angustifolia (suji leaves) and Amaranthus Hybridus L. (spinach leaves) on TiO2 for application in DSSC. Dracaena Angustifolia (suji leaves) and Amaranthus Hybridus L. (spinach leaves) were extracted using acetone solvent as a dye containing chlorophyll, the absorbance spectrum of the dye and TiO2 were characterized using Uv-visible spectrophotometer 1601 PC, the chemical bonds contained in TiO2-dye was characterized using FT-IR spectrophotometer Shimadzu Prestige 21. The efficiency of DSSC was calculated using I-V Keithley 2602A. Absorbance characterization of dye Dracaena Angustifolia showed two peaks at the wavelength of 665,5 nm and 412 nm. The absorbance peaks of dye Amaranthus Hybridus L. at the wavelength of 664 nm and 412,5 nm. FT-IR characterization of TiO2 founded the functional groups C=C-C, C=C-H, C-O, C-H, C=C, C-H aliphatic, and O-H. Dye Amaranthus Hybridus L. obtained functional groups C=C-C, C=C-H, C-O, C-H, C=C, C=O, C-H aliphatic, and O-H. Dye Dracaena Angustifolia obtained functional groups were identified as C=C-C, C=C-H, C-O, C-H, C=C, C-H aliphatic, and O-H. DSSC efficiency with Amaranthus Hybridus L. and Dracaena Angustifolia dyes of 0,063% and 0,058% respectively

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-07-01

Concerning comets: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1996 J1 (Evans-Drinkwater), C/1997 BA6 (Spacewatch), C/1997 D1 (Mueller), C/1997 H2 (SOHO), C/1997 J1 (Mueller), C/1997 J2 (Meunier-Dupouy), C/1997 N1 (Tabur), C/1997 O1 (Tilbrook), C/1997 T1 (Utsunomiya), C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse), C/1998 J1 (SOHO), C/1998 K1 (Mueller), C/1998 K2 (LINEAR), C/1998 K5 (LINEAR), C/1998 M1 (LINEAR), C/1998 M2 (LINEAR), C/1998 M3 (Larsen), C/1998 M4 (LINEAR), C/1998 M5 (LINEAR), C/1998 P1 (Williams), C/1998 T1 (LINEAR), C/1998 U5 (LINEAR), C/1999 F1 (Catalina), C/1999 F2 (Dalcanton), C/1999 H1 (Lee), C/1999 H3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J2 (Skiff), C/1999 J3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J4 (LINEAR), C/1999 K2 (Ferris), C/1999 K3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K5 (LINEAR), C/1999 K6 (LINEAR), C/1999 K7 (LINEAR), C/1999 K8 (LINEAR), C/1999 L2 (LINEAR), C/1999 N2 (Lynn), 2P/Encke, 9P/Tempel 1, 10P/Tempel 2, 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 37P/Forbes, 43P/Wolf-Harrington, 46P/Wirtanen, 48P/Johnson, 49P/Arend-Rigaux, 52P/Harrington-Abell, 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, 62P/Tsuchinshan 1, 65P/Gunn, 69P/Taylor, 78P/Gehrels 2, 81P/Wild 2, 88P/Howell, 92P/Lovas 1, 94P/Russell 4, 95P/Chiron, 100P/Hartley 1, 103P/Hartley 2, 104P/Kowal 2, 105P/Singer Brewster, 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4, 121P/Shoemaker-Holt 2, 128P/Shoemaker-Holt 1, 132P/Helin-Roman-Alu 2, 134P/Kowal-Vávrová, 135P/Shoemaker-Levy 8, 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2, 140P/Bowell-Skiff, P/1998 U3 (Jäger), P/1998 W1 (Spahr), P/1999 DN3 (Korlević-Jurić), P/1999 E1 (Li), P/1999 G1 (LINEAR), P/1999 J5 (LINEAR).

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2000-01-01

Concerning comets: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1997 BA6 (Spacewatch), C/1998 K2 (LINEAR), C/1998 M1 (LINEAR), C/1998 M5 (LINEAR), C/1998 P1 (Williams), C/1998 T1 (LINEAR), C/1998 W3 (LINEAR), C/1999 E1 (Li), C/1999 F2 (Dalcanton), C/1999 H1 (Lee), C/1999 H3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J2 (Skiff), C/1999 J3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K2 (Ferris), C/1999 K5 (LINEAR), C/1999 K6 (LINEAR), C/1999 K8 (LINEAR), C/1999 L2 (LINEAR), C/1999 L3 (LINEAR), C/1999 N2 (Lynn), C/1999 S3 (LINEAR), C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), C/1999 T1 (McNaught-Hartley), C/1999 T2 (LINEAR), C/1999 T3 (LINEAR), C/1999 U1 (Ferris), C/1999 U4 (Catalina-Skiff), C/1999 Y1 (LINEAR), 4P/Faye, 10P/Tempel 2, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 37P/Forbes, 50P/Arend, 59P/Kearns-Kwee, 63P/Wild 1, 65P/Gunn, 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh, 84P/Giclas, 106P/Schuster, 108P/Ciffréo, 114P/Wisemann-Skiff, 117P/Helin-Roman-Alu 1, 136P/Mueller 3, 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2, 141P/Machholz 2, P/1998 U4 (Spahr), P/1999 RO28 (LEONOS), P/1999 U3 (LINEAR), P/1999 V1 (Catalina), P/1999 X1 (Hug-Bell).

Prediction of triple-charm molecular pentaquarks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Rui; Hosaka, Atsushi; Liu, Xiang

2017-12-01

In a one-boson-exchange model, we study molecular states of double-charm baryon [Ξc c(3621 )] and a charmed meson (D and D*). Our model indicates that there exist two possible triple-charm molecular pentaquarks, a Ξc cD state with I (JP)=0 (1 /2-), and a Ξc cD* state with I (JP)=0 (3 /2-), and we do not find bound solutions for isotriplet states. In addition, we also extend our formula to explore Ξc cB¯(*), Ξc cD¯(*), and Ξc cB(*) systems and find more possible heavy flavor molecular pentaquarks, a Ξc cB ¯ state with I (JP)=0 (1 /2-), a Ξc cB¯* state with I (JP)=0 (3 /2-), and Ξc cD¯*/Ξc cB* states with I (JP)=0 (1 /2-). Experimental research for these predicted triple-charm molecular pentaquarks is encouraged.

Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) Architecture. Part 3. Volume 7. MFG01 Glossary.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

lat oe C % 000 Sj C4 le ’ 4, 4,4 2:4 tj t*K l- X: 44 0’~ k IW- C4 % 40 Go r 00 c ~ IL P v C c -. . v IL zl - 4 1 S . v I .I a w I 1 v c u > c- -FT U 4...CC c .C C aI o , 0 A Z . 6--c 0 cCrV 46 a .0 b. 1 c 1 . Ga, v 0 M 0 44 c c c f-V - 4 0 aLS C C - . l-l - 2 - 0 S- C (~ b , J O’~ 0 .4. hSV b... ~ b...RD-R144 426 INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (ICAM)_ 1 /3 ARCHITECTURE PART 3 VOLUME.. (U) SOFTECH INC WALTHAM MRR HEINE ET RL. SEP 83 RFWRL-TR

Curicaberis, a new genus of Sparassidae from North and Central America (Araneae, Sparassidae, Sparassinae).

PubMed

Rheims, Cristina A

2015-09-04

The genus Curicaberis gen. nov. is described to include the type species, Curicaberis ferrugineus (C.L. Koch, 1836) comb. nov., and eight other species transferred from Olios Walckenaer, 1837: C. abnormis (Keyserling, 1884) comb. nov., C. annulatus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., C. bibranchiatus (Fox, 1937) comb. nov., C. ensiger (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., C. ferrugineus (C.L. Koch, 1836) comb. nov., C. luctuosus (Banks, 1898) comb. nov., C. minax (O. Pickard-Cambridge,1896) comb. nov., C. manifestus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890) comb. nov., and C. peninsulanus (Banks, 1898) comb. nov.. All species are redescribed and illustrated. The males of C. ferrugineus comb. nov. and C. luctuosus comb. nov., and the female of C. annulatus comb. nov. are described and illustrated for the first time. Twenty-three new species are described: C. azul sp. nov. (♂) from Veracruz, C. catarinas sp. nov. (♀) from Chihuahua, C. chamela sp. nov. (♂ and ♀), C. eberhardi sp. nov. (♂ and ♀), C. jalisco sp. nov. (♂ and ♀), and C. urquizai sp. nov. (♂ and ♀) from Jalisco, C. culiacan sp. nov. (♂) from Sinaloa, C. cuyutlan sp. nov. (♂) from Colima, C. durango sp. nov. (♂) from Durango, C. elpunto sp. nov. (♂ and ♀), C. sanpedrito sp. nov. (♂ and ♀), C. tortugero sp. nov. (♀), C. yerba sp. nov. (♀) and C. zapotec sp. nov. (♂) from Oaxaca, C. huitiupan sp. nov. (♂), from Chiapas, C. pedregal sp. nov. (♂) from Distrito Federal, C. potosi sp. nov. (♀) from San Luis Potosí, C. puebla sp. nov. (♀) from Puebla, C. tepic sp. nov. (♀) from Nayarit, and C. mitla sp. nov. (♂ and ♀) from Veracruz and Oaxaca, C. chiapas sp. nov. (♂ and ♀) from Chiapas and Tabasco, all in Mexico, C. granada sp. nov. (♂ and ♀) from Granada and Manágua in Nicaragua and Guanacaste in Costa Rica, and C. bagaces sp. nov. (♀), from Guanacaste, Costa Rica. An identification key and distribution maps are provided for all known species.

A revised mechanism for the activation of complement C3 to C3b: a molecular explanation of a disease-associated polymorphism.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Elizabeth; Nan, Ruodan; Li, Keying; Gor, Jayesh; Perkins, Stephen J

2015-01-23

The solution structure of complement C3b is crucial for the understanding of complement activation and regulation. C3b is generated by the removal of C3a from C3. Hydrolysis of the C3 thioester produces C3u, an analog of C3b. C3b cleavage results in C3c and C3d (thioester-containing domain; TED). To resolve functional questions in relation to C3b and C3u, analytical ultracentrifugation and x-ray and neutron scattering studies were used with C3, C3b, C3u, C3c, and C3d, using the wild-type allotype with Arg(102). In 50 mm NaCl buffer, atomistic scattering modeling showed that both C3b and C3u adopted a compact structure, similar to the C3b crystal structure in which its TED and macroglobulin 1 (MG1) domains were connected through the Arg(102)-Glu(1032) salt bridge. In physiological 137 mm NaCl, scattering modeling showed that C3b and C3u were both extended in structure, with the TED and MG1 domains now separated by up to 6 nm. The importance of the Arg(102)-Glu(1032) salt bridge was determined using surface plasmon resonance to monitor the binding of wild-type C3d(E1032) and mutant C3d(A1032) to immobilized C3c. The mutant did not bind, whereas the wild-type form did. The high conformational variability of TED in C3b in physiological buffer showed that C3b is more reactive than previously thought. Because the Arg(102)-Glu(1032) salt bridge is essential for the C3b-Factor H complex during the regulatory control of C3b, the known clinical associations of the major C3S (Arg(102)) and disease-linked C3F (Gly(102)) allotypes of C3b were experimentally explained for the first time. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

A Revised Mechanism for the Activation of Complement C3 to C3b

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, Elizabeth; Nan, Ruodan; Li, Keying; Gor, Jayesh; Perkins, Stephen J.

2015-01-01

The solution structure of complement C3b is crucial for the understanding of complement activation and regulation. C3b is generated by the removal of C3a from C3. Hydrolysis of the C3 thioester produces C3u, an analog of C3b. C3b cleavage results in C3c and C3d (thioester-containing domain; TED). To resolve functional questions in relation to C3b and C3u, analytical ultracentrifugation and x-ray and neutron scattering studies were used with C3, C3b, C3u, C3c, and C3d, using the wild-type allotype with Arg102. In 50 mm NaCl buffer, atomistic scattering modeling showed that both C3b and C3u adopted a compact structure, similar to the C3b crystal structure in which its TED and macroglobulin 1 (MG1) domains were connected through the Arg102–Glu1032 salt bridge. In physiological 137 mm NaCl, scattering modeling showed that C3b and C3u were both extended in structure, with the TED and MG1 domains now separated by up to 6 nm. The importance of the Arg102–Glu1032 salt bridge was determined using surface plasmon resonance to monitor the binding of wild-type C3d(E1032) and mutant C3d(A1032) to immobilized C3c. The mutant did not bind, whereas the wild-type form did. The high conformational variability of TED in C3b in physiological buffer showed that C3b is more reactive than previously thought. Because the Arg102-Glu1032 salt bridge is essential for the C3b-Factor H complex during the regulatory control of C3b, the known clinical associations of the major C3S (Arg102) and disease-linked C3F (Gly102) allotypes of C3b were experimentally explained for the first time. PMID:25488663

Space Stations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

4 C X 0Z C X - . -0 a m -- L ( U -. W 0 t a - a L 0 r 0 5 U w ( U f i C 0 -a- .. s -an 21.Z IZ W 0 *1 0 0 5 a . - C o ag CL W3 Iz, go, Cc’s "X i -J...50 4- a o r.) LU 0 . A9 0 A (A0 - -VZ % AG 0n W.- C-C- ’-O CL N. L) a D > ) InS r -a 0a C 4 C065 E- 04- 0j cv c I- 0 L U) a -- C GD - - L -z Cd ~J C 1...0 0 -C 041 a OC 0. CW0 McL (n. C/C w. &U - 0. a) O : 0 JC O V EW( W WC -’ - C’. 2 0. L U 0- U 0 10---id - ’D 4)c C(C C’d 0. E- aG do il- W WCD C E L C

New species of the Afrotropical spider genus Cheiramiona Lotz & Dippenaar-Schoeman (Araneae: Eutichuridae).

PubMed

Lotz, L N

2015-07-02

Twenty-three new species of the Afrotropical sac spider genus Cheiramiona Lotz & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1999 are described: C. baviaan sp. nov. (♀, South Africa), C. boschrandensis sp. nov. (♀, South Africa), C. debeeri sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. haddadi sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. hlathikulu sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. hogsbackensis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), C. ibayaensis sp. nov. (♂, Tanzania), C. jakobsbaaiensis sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. kirkspriggsi sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), C. kivuensis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Democratic Republic of Congo & Rwanda), C. lamorali sp. nov. (♂, Namibia), C. lindae sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. malawiensis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, Malawi), C. mkhambathi sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), C. mohalensis sp. nov. (♀, Lesotho), C. musosaensis sp. nov. (♀, Democratic Republic of Congo), C. nyungwensis sp. nov. (♂, Rwanda), C. plaatbosensis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), C. qachasneki sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. robinae sp. nov. (♂, South Africa), C. saniensis sp. nov. (♀, ♂, South Africa), C. tembensis sp. nov. (♂, South Africa) and C. upperbyensis sp. nov. (♀, South Africa). The females of C. lajuma Lotz, 2002 and C. mlawula Lotz, 2002 are described for the first time.

Lightweight, Ultra-High-Temperature, CMC-Lined Carbon/Carbon Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, Matthew J.; Ramachandran, Gautham; Williams, Brian E.

2011-01-01

Carbon/carbon (C/C) is an established engineering material used extensively in aerospace. The beneficial properties of C/C include high strength, low density, and toughness. Its shortcoming is its limited usability at temperatures higher than the oxidation temperature of carbon . approximately 400 C. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are used instead, but carry a weight penalty. Combining a thin laminate of CMC to a bulk structure of C/C retains all of the benefits of C/C with the high temperature oxidizing environment usability of CMCs. Ultramet demonstrated the feasibility of combining the light weight of C/C composites with the oxidation resistance of zirconium carbide (ZrC) and zirconium- silicon carbide (Zr-Si-C) CMCs in a unique system composed of a C/C primary structure with an integral CMC liner with temperature capability up to 4,200 F (.2,315 C). The system effectively bridged the gap in weight and performance between coated C/C and bulk CMCs. Fabrication was demonstrated through an innovative variant of Ultramet fs rapid, pressureless melt infiltration processing technology. The fully developed material system has strength that is comparable with that of C/C, lower density than Cf/SiC, and ultra-high-temperature oxidation stability. Application of the reinforced ceramic casing to a predominantly C/C structure creates a highly innovative material with the potential to achieve the long-sought goal of long-term, cyclic high-temperature use of C/C in an oxidizing environment. The C/C substructure provided most of the mechanical integrity, and the CMC strengths achieved appeared to be sufficient to allow the CMC to perform its primary function of protecting the C/C. Nozzle extension components were fabricated and successfully hot-fire tested. Test results showed good thermochemical and thermomechanical stability of the CMC, as well as excellent interfacial bonding between the CMC liner and the underlying C/C structure. In particular, hafnium-containing CMCs on C/C were shown to perform well at temperatures exceeding 3,500 F (.1,925 C). The melt-infiltrated CMC-lined C/C composites offered a lower density than Cf/SiC. The melt-infiltrated composites offer greater use temperature than Cf/SiC because of the more refractory ceramic matrices and the C/C substructure provides greater high-temperature strength. The progress made in this work will allow multiple high-temperature components used in oxidizing environments to take advantage of the low density and high strength of C/C combined with the high-temperature oxidation resistance of melt-infiltrated CMCs.

Department of the Air Force Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Years 1992/1993 Biennial Budget Estimates Submitted to Congress February 1991: Operation and Maintenance, Air Force. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-01

0- 04 (U *-( t)4C 41 44. 0.cU 00 1. E ) --- 0.- .0 0cc0 "a 40’. w-(. )( vi C.. 0 -C 00 r.SI. C -r. 00 Ccto 0(a 0 0 4 0Z.. 9 " 0 0 0 0 ~ -. 4 N000.to...4)" Q.0)L C 0) U LO. 0 -0 0-)Ŕ 0 C C 0 0 4)CU) C - C U) cCto - UI) - % $ c z- -O CU 0.0. 0)- C Ŕ T 0.Q’- - 0- Om 0 a)0 c 0 ) co’ 0 > . co C.C C

Tabulation of comet observations.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-10-01

Concerning comets: C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), C/1997 BA6 (Spacewatch), C/1997 J2 (Meunier-Dupouy), C/1998 K5 (LINEAR), C/1998 M2 (LINEAR), C/1998 M5 (LINEAR), C/1998 P1 (Williams), C/1998 Q1 (LINEAR), C/1998 T1 (LINEAR), C/1998 U5 (LINEAR), C/1999 F2 (Dalcanton), C/1999 H1 (Lee), C/1999 H3 (LINEAR), C/1999 J2 (Skiff), C/1999 J3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K2 (Ferris), C/1999 K3 (LINEAR), C/1999 K5 (LINEAR), C/1999 K6 (LINEAR), C/1999 K8 (LINEAR), C/1999 L2 (LINEAR), C/1999 N2 (Lynn), C/1999 N4 (LINEAR), C/1999 S3 (LINEAR), C/1999 S4 (LINEAR), C/1999 T1 (McNaught-Hartley), C/1999 T2 (LINEAR), C/1999 T3 (LINEAR), C/1999 U1 (Ferris), 2P/Encke, 4P/Faye, 10P/Tempel 2, 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 37P/Forbes, 46P/Wirtanen, 50P/Arend, 52P/Harrington-Abell, 59P/Kearns-Kwee, 74P/Smirnova-Chernykh, 84P/Giclas, 88P/Howell, 93P/Lovas 1, 106P/Schuster, 114P/Wiseman-Skiff, 136P/Mueller 3, 137P/Shoemaker-Levy 2, 141P/Machholz 2, 142P/Ge-Wang, P/1998 G1 (LINEAR), P/1998 QP54 (LONEOS-Tucker), P/1998 S1 (LINEAR-Mueller), P/1998 U2 (Mueller), P/1998 U3 (Jäger), P/1998 W1 (Spahr), P/1998 Y1 (LINEAR), P/1999 RO2 (LONEOS).

Polar Cap Plasma Convection Measurements and their Relevance to the Real-Time Modeling of the High Latitude Ionosphere

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-07

C -- 0- Vz 0 t O L- mU d-) 4J) 0 CJ 4 o *U )Cw O.C NuLt 4 fJ EVl. 4J o 0*-.C.C (U C4) C Lj q-.4 C :0C -’V0 +J 4-) 4J = to ’ C aC > L- 41 >% L. * 0 0IVL...to LeU (A IVc u~u ~ e C Ŕ 4Jt U 1:W ML-4C4- Q) 41 E C ) 1 0 a) 0 4 d) .Du’ n A - o )( 0+.) c 0 a 4--l 4.) CD 0 Vo I C )1 = r L.. 4L )- -~4-.) C U 0)-4...r- C : 4-) 4-) -)- M 4-J = 0- C ) m er- 4 n CA (0 4 a) m 0 aC) a (u- 4-0 *+r- P. to -

Review of Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Asia, with descriptions of a new subgenus and thirteen new species.

PubMed

Skelley, Paul; Xu, Guang; Tang, William; Lindström, Anders J; Marler, Thomas; Khuraijam, Jibankumar Singh; Singh, Rita; Radha, P; Rich, Stephen

2017-05-12

The genus Cycadophila Xu, Tang & Skelley (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) associated with Cycas L. (Cycadacaeae) in Asia is reviewed. Strobilophila, new subgenus, with five species is described: Cycadophila (Strobilophila) assamensis new species, C. (S.) hiepi new species, C. (S.) kwaiensis new species, C. (S.) tansachai new species and C. (S.) yangi new species, all associated with Cycas. For the nominate subgenus Cycadophila eight new species are described, Cycadophila (Cycadophila) abyssa new species, C. (C.) collina new species,C. (C.) samara new species, C. (C.) convexa new species, C. (C.) cyclochasma new species, C. (C.) eurynota new species, C. (C.) papua new species, and C. (C.) torquata new species and four new generic combinations are proposed: C. (C.) vittata (Arrow) new combination, C. (C.) discimaculata (Mader) new combination, C. (C.) intermedia (Chûjô) new combination, and C. (C.) lata (Grouvelle) new combination. Only the first three listed species of the nominate subgenus have known associations with Cycas. Species are distinguished on the basis of morphology and/or by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The larva of subgenus Strobilophila is described based on individuals collected together with adults and matched with analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Keys to subgenera and species of known adults and larvae are provided.

Systematics of the Ceracis furcifer Species-Group (Coleoptera: Ciidae): The Specialized Consumers of the Blood-Red Bracket Fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus

PubMed Central

Pecci-Maddalena, Italo S. C.; Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano

2017-01-01

The Ceracis furcifer species-group (Coleoptera: Ciidae) originally comprised nine species names: Ceracis cornifer (Mellié, 1849); C. cylindricus (Brèthes, 1922); C. furcifer Mellié, 1849; C. hastifer (Mellié, 1849); C. monocerus Lawrence, 1967; C. ruficornis Pic, 1916; C. simplicicornis (Pic, 1916); C. semipallidus Pic, 1922 and C. unicornis Gorham, 1898. Ceracis semipallidus was synonymised with C. furcifer and then no further changes were made to the composition of the group. Here, we provide a taxonomic revision of the Ceracis furcifer species-group and new data on the geographic distribution and host fungi of the included species. Lectotypes are designated for C. cornifer, C. furcifer, C. hastifer, C. ruficornis, C. semipallidus and C. unicornis. As results we: (i) synonymise C. cylindricus, C. monocerus, C. simplicicornis, C. unicornis with C. cornifer; (ii) confirm the synonymy of C. semipallidus with C. furcifer; (iii) redescribe C. cornifer, C. hastifer, C. furcifer and C. ruficornis; and (iv) provide an identification key for species in the furcifer group. The frontoclypeal horn and body coloration showed great intraspecific variation. We show that species in the furcifer group have distributions wider than previously known and use mainly Pycnoporus sanguineus as host fungus. Species of the furcifer group are the only animals specialized in feeding on basidiomes of P. sanguineus. PMID:28714939

S-graphite slit pore: A superior selective adsorbent for light hydrocarbons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xue, Qingzhong; Li, Xiaofang; Chang, Xiao; Ling, Cuicui; Zhu, Lei; Xing, Wei

2018-06-01

Separation of light hydrocarbons (C1-C3) is extremely significant since these are alternative energy resources and raw materials in the industrial process. In this work, we have examined the performance of S-graphite slit pore in selective separation of CH4 over C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8 using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo calculations. Generally, its C3/C1 selectivity is higher than C2/C1 selectivity. Exactly, at 300 K and 1 bar, the selectivity is around 13, 17 and 18 for CH4/C2H2, CH4/C2H4 and CH4/C2H6 while it is about 63 and 70 for CH4/C3H6 and CH4/C3H8, respectively. Importantly, we have found that the optimum pore size is 0.65 nm for CH4/C2H2 and CH4/C2H4, 0.75 nm for CH4/C2H6, which is smaller than that (1.0 nm) for CH4/C3H6 and CH4/C3H8. Besides, density functional theory calculations demonstrate the remarkable selective separation of CH4 over C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8 of S-graphite slit pore is attributed to its stronger interactions with C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8 molecule than CH4 molecule due to the larger polarizability of C2 and C3 molecules, which also manifests that S-graphite slit pore is an extremely promising candidate for separating light hydrocarbons.

Characterization of C1q in Teleosts

PubMed Central

Hu, Yu-Lan; Pan, Xin-Min; Xiang, Li-Xin; Shao, Jian-Zhong

2010-01-01

C1qs are key components of the classical complement pathway. They have been well documented in human and mammals, but little is known about their molecular and functional characteristics in fish. In the present study, full-length cDNAs of c1qA, c1qB, and c1qC from zebrafish (Danio rerio) were cloned, revealing the conservation of their chromosomal synteny and organization between zebrafish and other species. For functional analysis, the globular heads of C1qA (ghA), C1qB (ghB), and C1qC (ghC) were expressed in Escherichia coli as soluble proteins. Hemolytic inhibitory assays showed that hemolytic activity in carp serum can be inhibited significantly by anti-C1qA, -C1qB, and -C1qC of zebrafish, respectively, indicating that C1qA, C1qB, and C1qC are involved in the classical pathway and are conserved functionally from fish to human. Zebrafish C1qs also could specifically bind to heat-aggregated zebrafish IgM, human IgG, and IgM. The involvement of globular head modules in the C1q-dependent classical pathway demonstrates the structural and functional conservation of these molecules in the classical pathway and their IgM or IgG binding sites during evolution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that c1qA, c1qB, and c1qC may be formed by duplications of a single copy of c1qB and that the C1q family is, evolutionarily, closely related to the Emu family. This study improves current understanding of the evolutionary history of the C1q family and C1q-mediated immunity. PMID:20615881

Solution Properties of Dissymmetric Sulfonate-type Anionic Gemini Surfactants.

PubMed

Yoshimura, Tomokazu; Akiba, Kazuki

2016-01-01

Dissymmetric and symmetric anionic gemini surfactants, N-alkyl-N'-alkyl-N,N'dipropanesulfonylethylenediamine (CmCnSul, where m and n represent alkyl chain lengths of m-n = 4-16, 6-14, 8-12, 10-10, and 12-12), were synthesized by two- or three-step reactions. Their physicochemical properties were characterized by equilibrium surface tension measurements, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy of pyrene, and dynamic light scattering. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the dissymmetric surfactants C4C16Sul, C6C14Sul, and C8C12Sul was slightly lower than that of the symmetric surfactant C10C10Sul. The occupied area per molecule (A) of C8C12Sul was smaller than that of C10C10Sul, indicating that C8C12Sul has a high surface activity. However, the increase in the degree of dissymmetry from C8C12Sul to C6C14Sul and then to C4C16Sul resulted in high surface tension and large A. Based on the surface tension, the standard free energies of micellization (∆G°mic) and adsorption (∆G°ads), the efficiency of surface adsorption (pC20), and the effectiveness of surface adsorption (CMC/C20) were obtained. These parameters suggested that C8C12Sul formed micelles more readily than the other surfactants. The properties determined from the surface tension indicated that C8C12Sul's ability is intermediate between those of C10C10Sul and C12C12Sul. The pyrene fluorescence and dynamic light scattering results revealed that the micelle size depends on the longer of the two alkyl chains in dissymmetric surfactants.

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, State or Country, and Place. Part 16 (South Dakota [State of], Brookings, South Dakota - Tekna, Mountain View, California), FY1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

4 - %-) N6- NN 4 .4 C.4 0 .4N Ho. up r-( r- N4 Nn NO. N N- NN M 040 H >.A WIx 0 -Cl 4c. q*j r- W W4 en H~C t-4OHI C00 C4 (D V 00 000~0 o CO a ccN H𔃺...I- I-- ə IW C-4 /) I-I. z I.- 2 z 2 Z z 3 IS I We-i if < 00 1-1 0 #-4 1-0 I- 1-4 0- < IS I Web Uo IP- I-- If M" ISO a a a 0 0 a 1-i ,0W UZ IS Z 2w 2...C4 C4 C4 Cj C-4 e4 C4 C4 C,4 cm ൌ (4 cli 04 " cli cm CS1 C4 e4 cm C14 c4cljcqclI"NNe4rqNN CIA CS1 C4 eq C14 C14 C4 C4 N C4 CSI eq C4 1 131 wix

Novel Guanidinium-Based Ionic Liquids for Highly Efficient SO2 Capture.

PubMed

Lu, Xiaoxing; Yu, Jing; Wu, Jianzhou; Guo, Yongsheng; Xie, Hujun; Fang, Wenjun

2015-06-25

The application of ionic liquids (ILs) for acidic gas absorption has long been an interesting and challenging issue. In this work, the ethyl sulfate ([C2OSO3](-)) anion has been introduced into the structure of guanidinium-based ILs to form two novel low-cost ethyl sulfate ILs, namely 2-ethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium ethyl sulfate ([C2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][C2OSO3]) and 2,2-diethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium ethyl sulfate ([(C2)2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][C2OSO3]). The ethyl sulfate ILs, together with 2-ethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][NTf2]) and 2,2-diethyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([(C2)2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][NTf2]), are employed to evaluate the SO2 absorption and desorption performance. The recyclable ethyl sulfate ILs demonstrate high absorption capacities of SO2. At a low pressure of 0.1 bar and at 20 °C, 0.71 and 1.08 mol SO2 per mole of IL can be captured by [C2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][C2OSO3] and [(C2)2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][C2OSO3], respectively. The absorption enthalpy for SO2 absorption with [C2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][C2OSO3] and [(C2)2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][C2OSO3] are -3.98 and -3.43 kcal mol(-1), respectively. While those by [C2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][NTf2] and [(C2)2(2)(C1)2(C1)2(3)gu][NTf2] turn out to be only 0.17 and 0.24 mol SO2 per mole of IL under the same conditions. It can be concluded that the guanidinium ethyl sulfate ILs show good performance for SO2 capture. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal nonbonded weak interactions between the ILs and SO2. The anionic moieties of the ILs play an important role in SO2 capture on the basis of the consistently experimental and computational results.

Polymorphism control of superconductivity and magnetism in Cs(3)C(60) close to the Mott transition.

PubMed

Ganin, Alexey Y; Takabayashi, Yasuhiro; Jeglic, Peter; Arcon, Denis; Potocnik, Anton; Baker, Peter J; Ohishi, Yasuo; McDonald, Martin T; Tzirakis, Manolis D; McLennan, Alec; Darling, George R; Takata, Masaki; Rosseinsky, Matthew J; Prassides, Kosmas

2010-07-08

The crystal structure of a solid controls the interactions between the electronically active units and thus its electronic properties. In the high-temperature superconducting copper oxides, only one spatial arrangement of the electronically active Cu(2+) units-a two-dimensional square lattice-is available to study the competition between the cooperative electronic states of magnetic order and superconductivity. Crystals of the spherical molecular C(60)(3-) anion support both superconductivity and magnetism but can consist of fundamentally distinct three-dimensional arrangements of the anions. Superconductivity in the A(3)C(60) (A = alkali metal) fullerides has been exclusively associated with face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) packing of C(60)(3-) (refs 2, 3), but recently the most expanded (and thus having the highest superconducting transition temperature, T(c); ref. 4) composition Cs(3)C(60) has been isolated as a body-centred cubic (b.c.c.) packing, which supports both superconductivity and magnetic order. Here we isolate the f.c.c. polymorph of Cs(3)C(60) to show how the spatial arrangement of the electronically active units controls the competing superconducting and magnetic electronic ground states. Unlike all the other f.c.c. A(3)C(60) fullerides, f.c.c. Cs(3)C(60) is not a superconductor but a magnetic insulator at ambient pressure, and becomes superconducting under pressure. The magnetic ordering occurs at an order of magnitude lower temperature in the geometrically frustrated f.c.c. polymorph (Néel temperature T(N) = 2.2 K) than in the b.c.c.-based packing (T(N) = 46 K). The different lattice packings of C(60)(3-) change T(c) from 38 K in b.c.c. Cs(3)C(60) to 35 K in f.c.c. Cs(3)C(60) (the highest found in the f.c.c. A(3)C(60) family). The existence of two superconducting packings of the same electronically active unit reveals that T(c) scales universally in a structure-independent dome-like relationship with proximity to the Mott metal-insulator transition, which is governed by the role of electron correlations characteristic of high-temperature superconducting materials other than fullerides.

Collateral Damage Probability Models

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-22

u 0 % CJ C-1 04J) * UU -j C) 04- co w~c r-=..A2 42 0 01 00 .1 L). < - zwI C)- V L L - I x C)4-~ 0 C) LA . C-, W LI.. C) C) C) C 0 C D ) C -4 G39VWVG...278 03 03 183 85 + 231 43 RCL 279 06 06 184 53 ( 232 05 05 280 53 ( 185 43 RCL 233 33 X2 281 53 ( * 168 Table B.2 Program Listing (Continued) 282

Directed Energy Beam Jitter Mitigation Using the Line-of-Sight Reference Frame

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-10

tg,’Connected’); C4 = ’Yes’ TF1 =strcmp(C1, C2);TF2=strcmp(C3, C4); if ~ TF1 ; unload(tg); load(tg,’FFD_9’); tg=xpctarget.xpc; end if...C1 = (get(tg,’Application’));C2=’FFD_9’C3 = get(tg,’Connected’); C4 = ’Yes’ TF1 =strcmp(C1, C2);TF2=strcmp(C3, C4); if ~ TF1 ; unload(tg

Effect of Chimaerins, Novel Receptors for Phorbol Esters, on Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

that is responsible for the phosphorylation of DAG to generate phosphatidic acid . DGKs might be key molecules in a negative feedback aimed at turning off...C2 Neurotransmitter release KinaseT PH PKCs EF DAG Phosphatidic acid EF C1 KinaseC2 C1 C1 KinaseC2C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 Rac–GTP Rac–GDP Protein...generate phosphatidic acid , and thus it decreases DAG levels. It is possible that DAG-regulated DGKs might serve as negative feedback molecules that turn

Zinc-induced Self-association of Complement C3b and Factor H

PubMed Central

Nan, Ruodan; Tetchner, Stuart; Rodriguez, Elizabeth; Pao, Po-Jung; Gor, Jayesh; Lengyel, Imre; Perkins, Stephen J.

2013-01-01

The sub-retinal pigment epithelial deposits that are a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration contain both C3b and millimolar levels of zinc. C3 is the central protein of complement, whereas C3u is formed by the spontaneous hydrolysis of the thioester bridge in C3. During activation, C3 is cleaved to form active C3b, then C3b is inactivated by Factor I and Factor H to form the C3c and C3d fragments. The interaction of zinc with C3 was quantified using analytical ultracentrifugation and x-ray scattering. C3, C3u, and C3b associated strongly in >100 μm zinc, whereas C3c and C3d showed weak association. With zinc, C3 forms soluble oligomers, whereas C3u and C3b precipitate. We conclude that the C3, C3u, and C3b association with zinc depended on the relative positions of C3d and C3c in each protein. Computational predictions showed that putative weak zinc binding sites with different capacities exist in all five proteins, in agreement with experiments. Factor H forms large oligomers in >10 μm zinc. In contrast to C3b or Factor H alone, the solubility of the central C3b-Factor H complex was much reduced at 60 μm zinc and even more so at >100 μm zinc. The removal of the C3b-Factor H complex by zinc explains the reduced C3u/C3b inactivation rates by zinc. Zinc-induced precipitation may contribute to the initial development of sub-retinal pigment epithelial deposits in the retina as well as reducing the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration in higher risk patients. PMID:23661701

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place. Part 1 (101 International-Allied Signal Inc)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

C3 I’l- (D m cn ’t C14 r- In -I r c,) r- r-- c> r-- " cj -4 in tD I-- cy) a) In -T -4 to I rj it (74 -It 0 m t Cl) r- -4 -1 11 m (71) f- C1.1 * lr In t...4-4 -4---4 "’ -. ICL,_ 400 40 a Z o InZ -0 02zz LA- LAL uI, LI L, ,L L . 4BD . 110 (1 ( 0 0> 0 0 Q-JIf 𔃾(1 𔃺- C(1( LA - r l) D-4 -44 m-4 00 LA-I...It co 00 a (D (D C> C\\j c"I c"I M C1) U’) (D CD to C,4 C> 0 C> Cj 1 C) (D C, 11 C., 0 r, CY) Of In M CMD M> In < M < r" -4 -1 -4 tD C> C. C) (JO (D C

New species of Cheiracanthium (Araneae: Eutichuridae) from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands.

PubMed

Lotz, L N

2014-08-29

The Afrotropical representatives of the spider genus Cheiracanthium C.L. Koch, 1839 from Madagascar and the Comoros Islands are revised, and new species are described. Five described species are recognized: C. africanum Lessert, 1921, C. furculatum Karsch, 1879, C. insulare (Vinson, 1863), C. leucophaeum Simon, 1896, and C. ludovici Lessert, 1921. The internal genitalia of the female of C. insulare, and the female of C. ludovici, are described for the first time. Thirteen new species, C. ambrense sp. nov. (♂♀), C. ampijoroa sp. nov. (♀), C. andranomay sp. nov. (♀), C. anjozorobe sp. nov. (♂♀), C. ashleyi sp. nov. (♂♀), C. fisheri sp. nov. (♂♀), C. foulpointense sp. nov. (♂♀), C. griswoldi sp. nov. (♂♀), C. jocquei sp. nov. (♂♀), C. madagascarense sp. nov. (♂♀), C. mahajanga sp. nov. (♀), C. ransoni sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. rothi sp. nov. (♂♀), are described. In most of the endemic Madagascan species the female genital depression is divided by a central septum and the male cymbial apophysis is bent distally.

Department of Defense Prime Contracts over $25,000 for Services. Fiscal Year 1992. Part 1 (B502 AJT & Associates Inc-J999 Xerox Corp)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

m In M 0 vn 3 3 4) N NN C’) -4 C’ 3 - 4 4 - 4 L4 3Y C4 en r- In -4 - 40 -4 4i 3O I" ŔI c c C C c cC C4,- -4 -C - 4 - 310 𔃽*4a -a * a4 4 a0 u us-33...L L I L OL. vi 095I A U m mm & IA IA IA 14 IA IA 00 49 0 1*. en ~~ lIED -.4 -.4 .4 -.4 -.4 .4~~-.4 .4 4 -4 -. _.4 -. -4 -4 -4 4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 - ON4...4 -4 -4 -.4 -. 4 𔃾 -.4 -4 𔃾 -4 -4 -. . . 44 . E0 aEE El El E EEEZ w V V V1 V m o "o V v 0 ’o -4_ .. _ - -44 uiLL -C 4c U< i I C C C C C C C

Mixed-metal cluster chemistry. 28. Core enlargement of tungsten-iridium clusters with alkynyl, ethyndiyl, and butadiyndiyl reagents.

PubMed

Dalton, Gulliver T; Viau, Lydie; Waterman, Susan M; Humphrey, Mark G; Bruce, Michael I; Low, Paul J; Roberts, Rachel L; Willis, Anthony C; Koutsantonis, George A; Skelton, Brian W; White, Allan H

2005-05-02

Reaction of [WIr3(mu-CO)3(CO)8(eta-C5Me5)] (1c) with [W(C[triple bond]CPh)(CO)3(eta-C5H5)] afforded the edge-bridged tetrahedral cluster [W2Ir3(mu4-eta2-C2Ph)(mu-CO)(CO)9(eta-C5H5)(eta-C5Me5)] (3) and the edge-bridged trigonal-bipyramidal cluster [W3Ir3(mu4-eta2-C2Ph)(mu-eta2-C=CHPh)(Cl)(CO)8(eta-C5Me5)(eta-C5H5)2] (4) in poor to fair yield. Cluster 3 forms by insertion of [W(C[triple bond]CPh)(CO)3(eta-C5H5)] into Ir-Ir and W-Ir bonds, accompanied by a change in coordination mode from a terminally bonded alkynyl to a mu4-eta2 alkynyl ligand. Cluster 4 contains an alkynyl ligand interacting with two iridium atoms and two tungsten atoms in a mu4-eta2 fashion, as well as a vinylidene ligand bridging a W-W bond. Reaction of [WIr3(CO)11(eta-C5H5)] (1a) or 1c with [(eta-C5H5)(CO)2 Ru(C[triple bond]C)Ru(CO)2(eta-C5H5)] afforded [Ru2WIr3(mu5-eta2-C2)(mu-CO)3(CO)7(eta-C5H5)2(eta-C5R5)] [R = H (5a), Me (5c)] in low yield, a structural study of 5a revealing a WIr3 butterfly core capped and spiked by Ru atoms; the diruthenium ethyndiyl precursor has undergone Ru-C scission, with insertion of the C2 unit into a W-Ir bond of the cluster precursor. Reaction of [W2Ir2(CO)10(eta-C5H5)2] with the diruthenium ethyndiyl reagent gave [RuW2Ir2{mu4-eta2-(C2C[triple bond]C)Ru(CO)2(eta-C5H5)}(mu-CO)2(CO)6(eta-C5H5)3] (6) in low yield, a structural study of 6 revealing a butterfly W2Ir2 unit capped by a Ru(eta-C5H5) group resulting from Ru-C scission; the terminal C2 of a new ruthenium-bound butadiyndiyl ligand has been inserted into the W-Ir bond. Reaction between 1a, [WIr3(CO)11(eta-C5H4Me)] (1b), or 1c and [(eta-C5H5)(CO)3W(C[triple bond]CC[triple bond]C)W(CO)3(eta-C5H5)] afforded [W2Ir3{mu4-eta2-(C2C[triple bond]C)W(CO)3(eta-C5H5)}(mu-CO)2(CO)2(eta-C5H5)(eta-C5R5)] [R = H (7a), Me (7c); R5 = H4Me (7b)] in good yield, a structural study of 7c revealing it to be a metallaethynyl analogue of 3.

40 CFR 180.1284 - Ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C8-C18 saturated; C8-C12 unsaturated); exemption from the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Ammonium salts of higher fatty acids... Ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C8-C18 saturated; C8-C12 unsaturated); exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Ammonium salts of C8-C18 saturated and C8-C12 unsaturated higher fatty acids are...

40 CFR 180.1284 - Ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C8-C18 saturated; C8-C12 unsaturated); exemption from the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Ammonium salts of higher fatty acids... Ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C8-C18 saturated; C8-C12 unsaturated); exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. Ammonium salts of C8-C18 saturated and C8-C12 unsaturated higher fatty acids are...

First principles study of the electronic and magnetic structures and bonding properties of UCoC2 ternary, characteristic of C-C units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matar, Samir F.

2013-03-01

The electronic structure of UCoC2, a di-carbide with the C-C units is examined from ab initio with an assessment of the properties of chemical bonding. The energy-volume equation of state shows large anisotropy effects due to C-C alignment along tetragonal c-axis leading to high linear incompressibility. Relevant features of selective bonding of uranium and cobalt with carbon at two different Wyckoff sites and strong C-C interactions are remarkable. The vibrational frequencies for C⋯C stretching modes indicate closer behavior to aliphatic C-C rather than Cdbnd C double bond. A ferromagnetic ground state is proposed from the calculations.

Division Map Exercise (DIME 4.0). Volume 2. Dime Documentation/Model

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-01

Table 2-2. Game initialization code. 2-21 .3B90 GOTO 3740 3900 INPUT "I-SINGLE UNIT 2-ALL UNITS 999-STOP", Ch Z7910 IF Ch =999 THEN GOTO 3720 3920 ON Ch ...0 4) 0. 4) 4) C~ W) . L 0. m.4.4 r_0 > .-4 4) 00 Aj-i m 0434o 0 4) .1 4 1-.. CC c & C: CC c -r4 fr Ch 4)0( 00 4) to4 P, u 4 P 0 0 4.&j 4) 430 .C 40...00 U)4 00 U 044 .14-4 004- -.4 c r-4 Wc C 4) C󈧰 c CO 4. c CO w. q.4 co C ix m w4 .4 0 -4 𔃾 -H4 * 4, . u) c~1- C2 C0’- mC CH m’ C O C-44 0 ) C a) 4

Analysis of Intrinsic Stability Criteria for Isotropic Third-Order Green Elastic and Compressible Neo-Hookean Solids

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

components with increasing pressure. At high pressures, this tendency may lead to the onset of instability and subsequent amor - phization (Chen et al...C0IJKLMNEIJEKLEMN ¼ 1 2 C0abEaEb þ 1 6 C0abvEaEbEv: ð2:28Þ Stress S and tangent modulus C are Sa ¼ C0abEb þ 1 2 C0abvEbEv; Cab ¼ C 0 ab þ C 0 abvEv: ð2:29Þ Second...123Þ: ð2:33Þ Second-order compliance components M0ab ¼ ½C 0 ab 1 are M011 ¼ C011 þ C 0 12 ðC011 C 0 12ÞðC 0 11 þ 2C 0 12Þ ; M012 ¼ C012 ðC011 C 0

Century scale char and non-char C co-stabilization in soil free C fractions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasilyeva, N. A.; Chenu, C.

2012-04-01

Fate of char particles and reasons of char C stabilization in soils is not well understood especially due to difficulties of its quantification. In this study we showed how char C content could be estimated from elemental analysis along with its size redistribution and co-stabilization with non-char C in long-term. We studied C dynamics in the size and density fractons of soil samples from a historical collection of 80 years bare fallow (no plant input plus tillage) experiment in Versailles, France (1929, 1939, 1949, 1962, 1972, 1991, 2008 years). Coarse char particles were observed in the soil substantially contributing to total organic C. Thus, char C study in this soil was carried out as a nessessary step for estimation of non-char C dynamics. Physical fraction allowed us to follow separately the dynamics of mineral-associated and free C. We analyzed bulk soils, fractions and picked out char particles for C, N and 13C contents. Total organic carbon concentrations in fractions pointed to char C input during 1939-1949 years. After that patterns of C and C/N and δ 13C changes in all fractions suggested redistribution of char C from coarse to finer fractions. Evolution of C/N and δ 13C suggested that all free C fractions, although enriched in char, still contained non-char C in the end of the 80 years C depletion chronosequence. Especially high proportion of non-char C was observed in the silt-size free C fraction. Linear combinations of contrasting char and non-char C C/N values allowed estimation of their proportions from the C/N evolution in the fractions. No substantial admixture of char C was observed for mineral-associated C fractions. Stable C pool in 2008 comprised of 4.6 g C kg-1 soil and was composed of mineral-associated C (3.5 g C kg-1 soil) and char-associated C (1.1 g C kg-1 soil). In both cases organic matter could be stabilized through adsorption and/or occlusion with solid particles (mineral or char). Stabilization capacities of different size class minerals reflected in C concentrations of fractions were 1.2 g C kg-1 for silt-size minerals and 19.4 g C kg-1 for clay-size minerals, contrastingly three orders of magnitude more C was associated with char particles or about 1.2 kg non-char C kg-1 sand-size char and about 1.4 to 3.5 kg non-char C kg-1 silt-size char. Such a high capacity of stabilization by char particles could not be explained by adorbtion alone. In conclusion, combination of C/N and δ13C signature allowed estimation of char content in this soil. Total char C content (sum up of redistributed char C in free fractions) remained not significantly different in the C depletion experiment during five decades after char input. Century scale char and non-char C co-stabilization in this soil could be explained by combination of adsorption and physical protection in microaggregates constructed of mineral and char particles.

Comparison of Fatigue Life Between C/SiC and SiC/SiC Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longbiao, Li

2016-10-01

In this paper, the comparison of fatigue life between C/SiC and SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) at room and elevated temperatures has been investigated. An effective coefficient of the fiber volume fraction along the loading direction (ECFL) was introduced to describe the fiber architecture of preforms. Under cyclic fatigue loading, the fibers broken fraction was determined by combining the interface wear model and fibers statistical failure model at room temperature, and interface/fibers oxidation model, interface wear model and fibers statistical failure model at elevated temperatures in the oxidative environments. When the broken fibers fraction approaches to the critical value, the composites fatigue fracture. The fatigue life S-N curves and fatigue limits of cross-ply, 2D and 3D C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites at room temperature, 550 °C in air, 750 °C in dry and humid condition, 800 °C in air, 1000 °C in argon and air, 1100 °C, 1300 °C and 1500 °C in vacuum, have been predicted. At room temperature, the fatigue limit of 2D C/SiC composite with ECFL of 20 % lies between 0.78 and 0.8 tensile strength; and the fatigue limit of 2D SiC/SiC composite with ECFL of 20 % lies between 0.75 and 0.85 tensile strength. The fatigue limit of 2D C/SiC composite increases to 0.83 tensile strength with ECFL increasing from 20 to 22.5 %, and the fatigue limit of 3D C/SiC composite is 0.85 tensile strength with ECFL of 37 %. The fatigue performance of 2D SiC/SiC composite is better than that of 2D C/SiC composite at elevated temperatures in oxidative environment.

Despite phylogenetic effects, C3-C4 lineages bridge the ecological gap to C4 photosynthesis.

PubMed

Lundgren, Marjorie R; Christin, Pascal-Antoine

2017-01-01

C 4 photosynthesis is a physiological innovation involving several anatomical and biochemical components that emerged recurrently in flowering plants. This complex trait evolved via a series of physiological intermediates, broadly termed 'C 3 -C 4 ', which have been widely studied to understand C 4 origins. While this research program has focused on biochemistry, physiology, and anatomy, the ecology of these intermediates remains largely unexplored. Here, we use global occurrence data and local habitat descriptions to characterize the niches of multiple C 3 -C 4 lineages, as well as their close C 3 and C 4 relatives. While C 3 -C 4 taxa tend to occur in warm climates, their abiotic niches are spread along other dimensions, making it impossible to define a universal C 3 -C 4 niche. Phylogeny-based comparisons suggest that, despite shifts associated with photosynthetic types, the precipitation component of the C 3 -C 4 niche is particularly lineage specific, being highly correlated with that of closely related C 3 and C 4 taxa. Our large-scale analyses suggest that C 3 -C 4 lineages converged toward warm habitats, which may have facilitated the transition to C 4 photosynthesis, effectively bridging the ecological gap between C 3 and C 4 plants. The intermediates retained some precipitation aspects of their C 3 ancestors' habitat, and likely transmitted them to their C 4 descendants, contributing to the diversity among C 4 lineages seen today. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Testing of DLR C/C-SiC and C/C for HIFiRE 8 Scramjet Combustor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glass, David E.; Capriotti, Diego P.; Reimer, Thomas; Kutemeyer, Marius; Smart, Michael K.

2014-01-01

Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) have been proposed for use as lightweight hot structures in scramjet combustors. Previous studies have calculated significant weight savings by utilizing CMCs (active and passive) versus actively cooled metallic scramjet structures. Both a carbon/carbon (C/C) and a carbon/carbon-silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) material fabricated by DLR (Stuttgart, Germany) are being considered for use in a passively cooled combustor design for Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) 8, a joint Australia / Air Force Research Laboratory hypersonic flight program, expected to fly at Mach 7 for approximately 30 sec, at a dynamic pressure of 55 kilopascals. Flat panels of the DLR C/C and C/C-SiC materials were installed downstream of a hydrogen-fueled, dual-mode scramjet combustor and tested for several minutes at conditions simulating flight at Mach 5 and Mach 6. Gaseous hydrogen fuel was used to fuel the scramjet combustor. The test panels were instrumented with embedded Type K and Type S thermocouples. Zirconia felt insulation was used during some of the tests to reduce heat loss from the back surface and thus increase the heated surface temperature of the C/C-SiC panel approximately 177 C (350 F). The final C/C-SiC panel was tested for three cycles totaling over 135 sec at Mach 6 enthalpy. Slightly more erosion was observed on the C/C panel than the C/C-SiC panels, but both material systems demonstrated acceptable recession performance for the HIFiRE 8 flight.

C1q Protein Binds to the Apoptotic Nucleolus and Causes C1 Protease Degradation of Nucleolar Proteins*

PubMed Central

Cai, Yitian; Teo, Boon Heng Dennis; Yeo, Joo Guan; Lu, Jinhua

2015-01-01

In infection, complement C1q recognizes pathogen-congregated antibodies and elicits complement activation. Among endogenous ligands, C1q binds to DNA and apoptotic cells, but whether C1q binds to nuclear DNA in apoptotic cells remains to be investigated. With UV irradiation-induced apoptosis, C1q initially bound to peripheral cellular regions in early apoptotic cells. By 6 h, binding concentrated in the nuclei to the nucleolus but not the chromatins. When nucleoli were isolated from non-apoptotic cells, C1q also bound to these structures. In vivo, C1q exists as the C1 complex (C1qC1r2C1s2), and C1q binding to ligands activates the C1r/C1s proteases. Incubation of nucleoli with C1 caused degradation of the nucleolar proteins nucleolin and nucleophosmin 1. This was inhibited by the C1 inhibitor. The nucleoli are abundant with autoantigens. C1q binding and C1r/C1s degradation of nucleolar antigens during cell apoptosis potentially reduces autoimmunity. These findings help us to understand why genetic C1q and C1r/C1s deficiencies cause systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID:26231209

A comparative study of the mechanical and thermal properties of defective ZrC, TiC and SiC.

PubMed

Jiang, M; Zheng, J W; Xiao, H Y; Liu, Z J; Zu, X T

2017-08-24

ZrC and TiC have been proposed to be alternatives to SiC as fuel-cladding and structural materials in nuclear reactors due to their strong radiation tolerance and high thermal conductivity at high temperatures. To unravel how the presence of defects affects the thermo-physical properties under irradiation, first-principles calculations based on density function theory were carried out to investigate the mechanical and thermal properties of defective ZrC, TiC and SiC. As compared with the defective SiC, the ZrC and TiC always exhibit larger bulk modulus, smaller changes in the Young's and shear moduli, as well as better ductility. The total thermal conductivity of ZrC and TiC are much larger than that of SiC, implying that under radiation environment the ZrC and TiC will exhibit superior heat conduction ability than the SiC. One disadvantage for ZrC and TiC is that their Debye temperatures are generally lower than that of SiC. These results suggest that further improving the Debye temperature of ZrC and TiC will be more beneficial for their applications as fuel-cladding and structural materials in nuclear reactors.

Direct measurements of intramolecular electron transfer rates between cytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase: effects of exothermicity and primary sequence on rate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheung, E.; Taylor, K.; Kornblatt, J.A.

1986-03-01

Rapid mixing of ferrocytochrome c peroxidase (cyt c peroxidase(II)) and ferricytochrome c (cyt c(III)) results in the reduction of cyt c(III) by cyt c peroxidase(II). In 10 mM phosphate, pH 7.0, the rate of decay of cyt c peroxidase(II) and the rate of accumulation of cyt c(II) give equal first-order rate constants. Equivalent results are obtained by pulse radiolysis using isopropanol radical as the reducing agent. This rate is independent of the initial cyt c(III):cyt c peroxidase(II) ratios. These results are consistent with unimolecular electron transfer occurring within a cyt c(III)-cyt c peroxidase(II) complex. When cyt c is replaced bymore » porphyrin cyt c (iron-free cyt c), a complex still forms with cyt c peroxidase. On radiolysis intracomplex electron transfer occurs from the porphyrin cyt c anion radical to cyt c peroxidase(III). This large rate increase suggest that the barrier for intracomplex electron transfer is large. Finally, the authors have briefly investigated how the cyt c peroxidase(II) ..-->.. cyt c(III) rate depends on the primary structure of cyt c(III). They find the reactivity order to be as follows: yeast > horse > tuna.« less

Volume properties and refraction of aqueous solutions of bisadducts of light fullerene C60 and essential amino acids lysine, threonine, and oxyproline (C60(C6H13N2O2)2, C60(C4H8NO3)2, and C60(C5H9NO2)2) at 25°C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semenov, K. N.; Ivanova, N. M.; Charykov, N. A.; Keskinov, V. A.; Kalacheva, S. S.; Duryagina, N. N.; Garamova, P. V.; Kulenova, N. A.; Nabieva, A.

2017-02-01

Concentration dependences of the density of aqueous solutions of bisadducts of light fullerene C60 and essential amino acids are studied by pycnometry. Concentration dependences of the average molar volumes and partial volumes of components (H2O and corresponding bisadducts) are calculated for C60(C6H13N2O2)2-H2O, C60(C4H8NO3)2-H2O, and C60(C5H9NO2)2-H2O binary systems at 25°C. Concentration dependences of the indices of refraction of C60(C6H13N2O2)2-H2O, C60(C4H8NO3)2-H2O, and C60(C5H9NO2)2-H2O binary systems are determined at 25°C. The concentration dependences of specific refraction and molar refraction of bisadducts and aqueous solutions of them are calculated.

Interface and interaction of graphene layers on SiC(0001[combining macron]) covered with TiC(111) intercalation.

PubMed

Wang, Lu; Wang, Qiang; Huang, Jianmei; Li, Wei-Qi; Chen, Guang-Hui; Yang, Yanhui

2017-10-11

It is important to understand the interface and interaction between the graphene layer, titanium carbide [TiC(111)] interlayer, and silicon carbide [SiC(0001[combining macron])] substrates in epitaxial growth of graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) substrates. In this study, the fully relaxed interfaces which consist of up to three layers of TiC(111) coatings on the SiC(0001[combining macron]) as well as the graphene layers interactions with these TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) were systematically studied using the density functional theory-D2 (DFT-D2) method. The results showed that the two layers of TiC(111) coating with the C/C-terminated interfaces were thermodynamically more favorable than one or three layers of TiC(111) on the SiC(0001[combining macron]). Furthermore, the bonding of the Ti-hollow-site stacked interfaces would be a stronger link than that of the Ti-Fcc-site stacked interfaces. However, the formation of the C/Ti/C and Ti/C interfaces implied that the first upper carbon layer can be formed on TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) using the decomposition of the weaker Ti-C and C-Si interfacial bonds. When growing graphene layers on these TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) substrates, the results showed that the interaction energy depended not only on the thickness of the TiC(111) interlayer, but also on the number of graphene layers. Bilayer graphene on the two layer thick TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) was thermodynamically more favorable than a monolayer or trilayer graphene on these TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) substrates. The adsorption energies of the bottom graphene layers with the TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) substrates increased with the decrease of the interface vertical distance. The interaction energies between the bottom, second and third layers of graphene on the TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) were significantly higher than that of the freestanding graphene layers. All of these findings provided insight into the growth of epitaxial graphene on TiC(111)/SiC(0001[combining macron]) substrates and the design of graphene/TiC/SiC-based electronic devices.

The Colletotrichum boninense species complex

PubMed Central

Damm, U.; Cannon, P.F.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Johnston, P.R.; Weir, B.S.; Tan, Y.P.; Shivas, R.G.; Crous, P.W.

2012-01-01

Although only recently described, Colletotrichum boninense is well established in literature as an anthracnose pathogen or endophyte of a diverse range of host plants worldwide. It is especially prominent on members of Amaryllidaceae, Orchidaceae, Proteaceae and Solanaceae. Reports from literature and preliminary studies using ITS sequence data indicated that C. boninense represents a species complex. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, HIS3, CAL) of 86 strains previously identified as C. boninense and other related strains revealed 18 clades. These clades are recognised here as separate species, including C. boninense s. str., C. hippeastri, C. karstii and 12 previously undescribed species, C. annellatum, C. beeveri, C. brassicicola, C. brasiliense, C. colombiense, C. constrictum, C. cymbidiicola, C. dacrycarpi, C. novae-zelandiae, C. oncidii, C. parsonsiae and C. torulosum. Seven of the new species are only known from New Zealand, perhaps reflecting a sampling bias. The new combination C. phyllanthi was made, and C. dracaenae Petch was epitypified and the name replaced with C. petchii. Typical for species of the C. boninense species complex are the conidiogenous cells with rather prominent periclinal thickening that also sometimes extend to form a new conidiogenous locus or annellations as well as conidia that have a prominent basal scar. Many species in the C. boninense complex form teleomorphs in culture. Taxonomic novelties: New combination - Colletotrichum phyllanthi (H. Surendranath Pai) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. Name replacement - C. petchii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. New species - C. annellatum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. beeveri Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. brassicicola Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. brasiliense Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous & Massola, C. colombiense Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, C. constrictum Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. cymbidiicola Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. dacrycarpi Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. novae-zelandiae Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. oncidii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. parsonsiae Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir, C. torulosum Damm, P.F. Cannon, Crous, P.R. Johnst. & B. Weir. Typifications: Epitypifications - C. dracaenae Petch. PMID:23136457

Searching for possible Ωc-like molecular states from meson-baryon interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Rui; Hosaka, Atsushi; Liu, Xiang

2018-02-01

Stimulated by the recent observation of Ωc as well as past observations of Pc(4380 ) and Pc(4450 ), we perform a coupled-channel analysis of Ξc*K ¯/Ωcη /Ωc*η /ΞcK¯*/Ξc'K¯*/Ωcω systems to search for possible Ωc-like molecular states by using a one-boson-exchange potential. Our results suggest that there exists a loosely bound molecular state—a Ξc*K ¯/Ωcη /Ωc*η /ΞcK¯*/Ξc'K¯*/Ωcω with I (JP)=0 (3 /2-)—that is mainly composed of the Ξc*K ¯ system. The two-body strong decay width is also studied, where we find that Ξc'K ¯ is the dominant decay channel.

The molecular basis of low activity levels of coagulation factor VII: a Brazilian cohort.

PubMed

Rabelo, F Y; Jardim, L L; Landau, M B; Gadelha, T; Corrêa, M F B; Pereira, I F M; Rezende, S M

2015-09-01

Inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency is the most common among the rare bleeding disorders. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive inheritance, due to mutations in the FVII gene (F7). Molecular studies of FVII deficiency are rare in non-Caucasian populations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the molecular basis behind low levels of FVII activity (FVII:C) levels in a cohort of Brazilian patients. A total of 34 patients with low FVII levels were clinically evaluated and submitted to laboratory tests, among these, prothrombin time and FVII:C, with different thromboplastins. All exons and intron/exon boundaries of F7 were amplified and sequenced. A total of 14 genetic alterations were identified, of which six were described previously, c.1091G>A, c.1151C>T, c.-323_-313insCCTATATCCT, c.285G>A, c.525C>T, c.1238G>A and eight (54.0%) and eight were new, c.128G>A, c.252C>T, c.348G>A, c.417G>A, c.426G>A, c.745_747delGTG, c.843G>A and c.805+52C>T. In addition to the mutation c.1091G>A, known as FVII Padua, the mutation c.1151C>T also presented discrepant FVII:C levels when tested with human and rabbit brain thromboplastin. There was no association between phenotype and genotype. Most of the identified genetic alterations found were polymorphisms. Low levels of FVII:C in this population were mostly related to polymorphisms in F7 and associated with a mild clinical phenotype. Mutation c.1151C>T was associated with discrepant levels of FVII:C using different thromboplastins, such as reported with FVII Padua. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Fluorescent Protein-Based Ca2+ Sensor Reveals Global, Divalent Cation-Dependent Conformational Changes in Cardiac Troponin C.

PubMed

Badr, Myriam A; Pinto, Jose R; Davidson, Michael W; Chase, P Bryant

2016-01-01

Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is a key effector in cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling as the Ca2+ sensing subunit responsible for controlling contraction. In this study, we generated several FRET sensors for divalent cations based on cTnC flanked by a donor fluorescent protein (CFP) and an acceptor fluorescent protein (YFP). The sensors report Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding, and relay global structural information about the structural relationship between cTnC's N- and C-domains. The sensors were first characterized using end point titrations to decipher the response to Ca2+ binding in the presence or absence of Mg2+. The sensor that exhibited the largest responses in end point titrations, CTV-TnC, (Cerulean, TnC, and Venus) was characterized more extensively. Most of the divalent cation-dependent FRET signal originates from the high affinity C-terminal EF hands. CTV-TnC reconstitutes into skinned fiber preparations indicating proper assembly of troponin complex, with only ~0.2 pCa unit rightward shift of Ca2+-sensitive force development compared to WT-cTnC. Affinity of CTV-TnC for divalent cations is in agreement with known values for WT-cTnC. Analytical ultracentrifugation indicates that CTV-TnC undergoes compaction as divalent cations bind. C-terminal sites induce ion-specific (Ca2+ versus Mg2+) conformational changes in cTnC. Our data also provide support for the presence of additional, non-EF-hand sites on cTnC for Mg2+ binding. In conclusion, we successfully generated a novel FRET-Ca2+ sensor based on full length cTnC with a variety of cellular applications. Our sensor reveals global structural information about cTnC upon divalent cation binding.

Interaction between cardiac myosin-binding protein C and formin Fhod3.

PubMed

Matsuyama, Sho; Kage, Yohko; Fujimoto, Noriko; Ushijima, Tomoki; Tsuruda, Toshihiro; Kitamura, Kazuo; Shiose, Akira; Asada, Yujiro; Sumimoto, Hideki; Takeya, Ryu

2018-05-08

Mutations in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are a major cause of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Although cMyBP-C has been considered to regulate the cardiac function via cross-bridge arrangement at the C-zone of the myosin-containing A-band, the mechanism by which cMyBP-C functions remains unclear. We identified formin Fhod3, an actin organizer essential for the formation and maintenance of cardiac sarcomeres, as a cMyBP-C-binding protein. The cardiac-specific N-terminal Ig-like domain of cMyBP-C directly interacts with the cardiac-specific N-terminal region of Fhod3. The interaction seems to direct the localization of Fhod3 to the C-zone, since a noncardiac Fhod3 variant lacking the cMyBP-C-binding region failed to localize to the C-zone. Conversely, the cardiac variant of Fhod3 failed to localize to the C-zone in the cMyBP-C-null mice, which display a phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathic phenotype of cMyBP-C-null mice was further exacerbated by Fhod3 overexpression with a defect of sarcomere integrity, whereas that was partially ameliorated by a reduction in the Fhod3 protein levels, suggesting that Fhod3 has a deleterious effect on cardiac function under cMyBP-C-null conditions where Fhod3 is aberrantly mislocalized. Together, these findings suggest the possibility that Fhod3 contributes to the pathogenesis of cMyBP-C-related cardiomyopathy and that Fhod3 is critically involved in cMyBP-C-mediated regulation of cardiac function via direct interaction.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Bin, E-mail: huangbin@nwpu.edu.cn; Li, Maohua; Chen, Yanxia

The interfacial reactions of continuous SiC fiber reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite (SiC{sub f}/Ti-6Al-4V composite) and continuous SiC fiber coated by C reinforced Ti-6Al-4V matrix composite (SiC{sub f}/C/Ti-6Al-4V composite) were investigated by using micro-beam electron diffraction (MBED) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) on transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sequence of the interfacial reactions in the as-processed and exposed at 900°C for 50h SiC{sub f}/Ti-6Al-4V composites can be described as SiC||TiC||Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} + TiC||Ti-6Al-4V and SiC||TiC||Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}||TiC||Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}||TiC||Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}||Ti-6Al-4V, respectively. Additionally, both in as-processed and exposed composites, Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} and Ti{sub 3}Si are absent at the interfaces.more » For the SiC{sub f}/C/Ti-6Al-4V composite exposed at 900 °C for 50 h, the sequence of the interfacial reaction can be described as SiC||C||TiC{sub F}||TiC{sub C}||Ti-6Al-4V before C coating is completely consumed by interfacial reaction. When interfacial reaction consumes C coating completely, the sequence of the interfacial reaction can be described as SiC||TiC||Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}||TiC||Ti-6Al-4V. Furthermore, in SiC{sub f}/C/Ti-6Al-4V composite, C coating can absolutely prevent Si diffusion from SiC fiber to matrix. Basing on these results, the model of formation process of the interfacial reaction products in the composites was proposed. - Highlights: • We obtained the sequence of the interfacial reactions in the as-processed and exposed at 900 °C for 50 h SiC{sub f}/Ti-6Al-4 V composites as well as in the SiC{sub f}/C/Ti-6Al-4 V composite exposed at 900 °C for 50 h. • We verified that both in as-processed and exposed SiC{sub f}/Ti-6Al-4 V composites, Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} and Ti{sub 3}Si are absent at the interfaces. • Carbon coating can absolutely prevent silicon diffusion from SiC fiber to matrix. • Basing on these results, the model of formation process of the interfacial reaction products in the composites was proposed.« less

The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex

PubMed Central

Weir, B.S.; Johnston, P.R.; Damm, U.

2012-01-01

The limit of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex is defined genetically, based on a strongly supported clade within the Colletotrichum ITS gene tree. All taxa accepted within this clade are morphologically more or less typical of the broadly defined C. gloeosporioides, as it has been applied in the literature for the past 50 years. We accept 22 species plus one subspecies within the C. gloeosporioides complex. These include C. asianum, C. cordylinicola, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. horii, C. kahawae subsp. kahawae, C. musae, C. nupharicola, C. psidii, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, C. tropicale, and C. xanthorrhoeae, along with the taxa described here as new, C. aenigma, C. aeschynomenes, C. alatae, C. alienum, C. aotearoa, C. clidemiae, C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro, C. salsolae, and C. ti, plus the nom. nov. C. queenslandicum (for C. gloeosporioides var. minus). All of the taxa are defined genetically on the basis of multi-gene phylogenies. Brief morphological descriptions are provided for species where no modern description is available. Many of the species are unable to be reliably distinguished using ITS, the official barcoding gene for fungi. Particularly problematic are a set of species genetically close to C. musae and another set of species genetically close to C. kahawae, referred to here as the Musae clade and the Kahawae clade, respectively. Each clade contains several species that are phylogenetically well supported in multi-gene analyses, but within the clades branch lengths are short because of the small number of phylogenetically informative characters, and in a few cases individual gene trees are incongruent. Some single genes or combinations of genes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase, can be used to reliably distinguish most taxa and will need to be developed as secondary barcodes for species level identification, which is important because many of these fungi are of biosecurity significance. In addition to the accepted species, notes are provided for names where a possible close relationship with C. gloeosporioides sensu lato has been suggested in the recent literature, along with all subspecific taxa and formae speciales within C. gloeosporioides and its putative teleomorph Glomerella cingulata. Taxonomic novelties: Name replacement - C. queenslandicum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. New species - C. aenigma B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. aeschynomenes B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. alatae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. alienum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst, C. aotearoa B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. clidemiae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. salsolae B. Weir & P.R. Johnst., C. ti B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. New subspecies - C. kahawae subsp. ciggaro B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. Typification: Epitypification - C. queenslandicum B. Weir & P.R. Johnst. PMID:23136459

Registration of NE Trailblazer C-1, NE Trailblazer C0, NE Trailblazer C2, NE Trailblazer C3, NE Trailblazer C4, and NE Trailblazer C5 Switchgrass Germplasms

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

NE Trailblazer C-1 (GP-101, PI 672015), NE Trailblazer C0 (GP-100, PI 672014), NE Trailblazer C2 (GP-102, PI 672016), NE Trailblazer C3 (GP-103, PI 672017), NE Trailblazer C4 (GP-104, PI 672018), and NE Trailblazer C5 (GP-105, PI 672019) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) germplasms were released by ...

Testing of DLR C/C-SiC for HIFiRE 8 Scramjet Combustor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glass, David E.; Capriotti, Diego P.; Reimer, Thomas; Kutemeyer, Marius; Smart, Michael

2013-01-01

Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) have been proposed for hot structures in scramjet combustors. Previous studies have calculated significant weight savings by utilizing CMCs (active and passive) versus actively cooled metallic scramjet structures. Both a C/C and a C/C-SiC material system fabricated by DLR (Stuttgart, Germany) are being considered for use in a passively cooled combustor design for HIFiRE 8, a joint Australia / AFRL hypersonic flight program, expected to fly at Mach 7 for approximately 30 sec, at a dynamic pressure of 55 kPa. Flat panels of the DLR C/C and the C/C-SiC were tested in the NASA Langley Direct Connect Rig (DCR) at Mach 5 and Mach 6 enthalpy for several minutes. Gaseous hydrogen fuel was used to fuel the scramjet combustor. The test panels were instrumented with embedded Type K and Type S thermocouples. Zirconia felt insulation was used in some of the tests to increase the surface temperature of the C/C-SiC panel for approximately 350degF. The final C/C-SiC panel was tested for 3 cycles totaling over 135 sec at Mach 6 enthalpy. Slightly more erosion was observed on the C/C panel than the C/C-SiC panels, but both material systems demonstrated acceptable recession performance for the HIFiRE 8 flight.

21 CFR 866.5240 - Complement components immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... 866.5240 Section 866.5240 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, in serum, other body fluids, and tissues. Complement is a group of serum proteins which destroy infectious agents. Measurements of these...

21 CFR 866.5240 - Complement components immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... 866.5240 Section 866.5240 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, in serum, other body fluids, and tissues. Complement is a group of serum proteins which destroy infectious agents. Measurements of these...

21 CFR 866.5240 - Complement components immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... 866.5240 Section 866.5240 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, in serum, other body fluids, and tissues. Complement is a group of serum proteins which destroy infectious agents. Measurements of these...

21 CFR 866.5240 - Complement components immunological test system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... 866.5240 Section 866.5240 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... complement components C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9, in serum, other body fluids, and tissues. Complement is a group of serum proteins which destroy infectious agents. Measurements of these...

21 CFR 522.2005 - Propofol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... numbers in § 510.600(c) of this chapter. (1) No. 000859 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(i), and (c)(3) of this section. (2) No. 000044 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(i), and (c)(3) of this section. (3) No. 000856 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), and (c)(3) of this section. (c...

21 CFR 522.2005 - Propofol.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... numbers in § 510.600(c) of this chapter. (1) No. 059130 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(i), and (c)(3) of this section. (2) No. 000074 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(i), and (c)(3) of this section. (3) No. 000856 for use as in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), and (c)(3) of this section. (c...

A SAIL Compatible Three Channel Acoustic Navigation Interrogator

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

REFOtJSE 0DB5’ D)4C 0186’ 0145’ C 0M18 9C C ODB9’ CA 0939’ C 018C 8C C 018D’ FB 59 C XRT MpY"J IT YS? ODBF’ CA ODXB’ C 123 DE7ARM ;IF N~ rEXI 0DC2’ F8 43 C

Variations of Leaf Cuticular Waxes Among C3 and C4 Gramineae Herbs.

PubMed

He, Yuji; Gao, Jianhua; Guo, Na; Guo, Yanjun

2016-11-01

Modern C4 plants are commonly distributed in hot and dry environments whereas C3 plants predominate in cool and shade areas. At the outmost of plant surface, the deposition and chemical composition of cuticular waxes vary under different environmental conditions. However, whether such variation of cuticular wax is related to the distribution of C3 and C4 under different environmental conditions is still not clear. In this study, leaves of six C3 Gramineae herbs distributed in spring, Roegneria kamoji, Polypogon fugax, Poa annua, Avena fatua, Alopecurus aequalis, and Oplismenus undulatifolius, and four C4 and one C3 Gramineae herbs distributed in summer, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Setaria viridis, S. plicata, and O. undulatifolius, were sampled and analyzed for cuticular wax. Plates were the main epicuticular wax morphology in both C3 and C4 plants except S. plicata. The plates melted in C4 plants but not in C3 plants. The total cuticular wax amounts in C4 plants were significantly lower than those in C3 plants, except for O. undulatifolius. Primary alcohols were the most abundant compounds in C3 plants, whereas n-alkanes were relatively the most abundant compounds in C4 plants. C 29 was the most abundant n-alkane in C3 plants except for O. undulatifolius, whereas the most abundant n-alkane was C 31 or C 33 in C4 plants. The average chain length (ACL) of n-alkanes was higher in C4 than in C3 plants, whereas the ACL of n-alkanoic acids was higher in C3 than C4 plants. The cluster analysis based on the distribution of n-alkanes clearly distinguished C3 and C4 plants into two groups, except for O. undulatifolius which was grouped with C4 plants. These results suggest that the variations of cuticular waxes among C3 and C4 Gramineae herbs are related to the distribution of C3 and C4 plants under different environmental conditions. © 2016 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

Prime Contract Awards by State or Country, Place and Contractor. Part 18 (Germany - Yugoslavia), FY1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

04 IN C> enC o 0 0f0 C. 0 40 el 40 0000ufen>.0l u 0 -M4N0)I N 0 44 N > 40 0 00 C> 0 CD 4 -OOC>OC N M-INO- N 0 0 .-eflO eneOC a 0D C> No 0 -o404-441...0 1 04 D N40 U0 00000000000 >C10 0 00 0 000000 0 U I GO-* U -4M-4000C 40 0 0 0 00. -4 > 0C𔃺C m- I~ I ~ c) U 4 C1) c) M’c 40 0000cn-4 V) c enC m C...m’).4 If 11 I00)r N Z -4 -4-4 -4N040 C, eNc -40 N k "c’) 0 N .o"N-I -4C0N10 -4 W N I (0 If 0 0) ()0)() 0 In 0) 0) -411 (0(0(0 soLAn 00 N0() 00 C’J-4

Processing and Properties of SiC/MoSi2-SiC Composites Fabricated by Melt Infiltration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Hebsur, Mohan G.

2000-01-01

Hi-Nicalon SiC fiber reinforced MoSi2-SiC matrix composites (SiC/MoSi2-SiC) have been fabricated by the melt infiltration approach. The composite consists of approximately 60 vol%, 2-D woven BN/SiC coated Hi-Nicalon SiC fibers and approximately 40 vol% MoSi2-SiC matrix. The room temperature tensile properties and thermal conductivity of the SiC/MoSi2-SiC composites were measured and compared with those of the melt infiltrated SiC/SiC composites. The influence oi fiber architecture on tensile properties was also evaluated. Results indicate that the primary modulus, stress corresponding to deviation from linearity, and transverse thermal conductivity values for the SiC/MoSi2-SiC composites are significantly lower than those for the SiC/SiC composites. Microcracking of the matrix due to the large difference in thermal expansion between MoSi2 and SiC appears to be the reason for the lower matrix dominated properties of SiC/MoSi2-SiC composites.

Mechanism of cAMP Partial Agonism in Protein Kinase G (PKG)*♦

PubMed Central

VanSchouwen, Bryan; Selvaratnam, Rajeevan; Giri, Rajanish; Lorenz, Robin; Herberg, Friedrich W.; Kim, Choel; Melacini, Giuseppe

2015-01-01

Protein kinase G (PKG) is a major receptor of cGMP and controls signaling pathways often distinct from those regulated by cAMP. Hence, the selective activation of PKG by cGMP versus cAMP is critical. However, the mechanism of cGMP-versus-cAMP selectivity is only limitedly understood. Although the C-terminal cyclic nucleotide-binding domain B of PKG binds cGMP with higher affinity than cAMP, the intracellular concentrations of cAMP are typically higher than those of cGMP, suggesting that the cGMP-versus-cAMP selectivity of PKG is not controlled uniquely through affinities. Here, we show that cAMP is a partial agonist for PKG, and we elucidate the mechanism for cAMP partial agonism through the comparative NMR analysis of the apo, cGMP-, and cAMP-bound forms of the PKG cyclic nucleotide-binding domain B. We show that although cGMP activation is adequately explained by a two-state conformational selection model, the partial agonism of cAMP arises from the sampling of a third, partially autoinhibited state. PMID:26370085

Electronic and thermoelectric properties of atomically thin C₃Si₃/C and C₃Ge₃/C superlattices.

PubMed

Ali, Muhammad; Pi, Xiaodong; Liu, Yong; Yang, Deren

2017-12-01

The nanostructuring of graphene into superlattices offers the possibility of tuning both the electronic and thermal properties of graphene. Using classical and quantum mechanical calculations, we have investigated the electronic and thermoelectric properties of the atomically thin superlattice of C3Si3/C (C3Ge3/C) formed by the incorporation of Si (Ge) atoms into graphene. The bandgap and phonon thermal conductivity of C3Si3/C (C3Ge3/C) are 0.54 (0.51) eV and 15.48 (12.64) Wm-1K-1, respectively, while the carrier mobility of C3Si3/C (C3Ge3/C) is 1.285 x 105 (1.311 x 105) cm2V-1s-1 at 300 K. The thermoelectric figure of merit for C3Si3/C (C3Ge3/C) can be optimized via the tuning of carrier concentration to obtain the prominent ZT value of 1.95 (2.72). © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Dissociative photoionization of ethyl acrylate: Theoretical and experimental insights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Yanlin; Chen, Jun; Ding, Mengmeng; Wei, Bin; Cao, Maoqi; Shan, Xiaobin; Zhao, Yujie; Huang, Chaoqun; Sheng, Liusi; Liu, Fuyi

2015-08-01

The photoionization and dissociation of ethyl acrylate have been investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometer with tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) source in the range of 9.0-20.0 eV. The photoionization mass spectrum (PIMS) for ethyl acrylate and photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves for its major fragment ions: C5H7O2+, C4H5O2+, C3H5O2+, C3H4O+, C3H3O+, C2H5O+, C2H3O+, C2H5+ and C2H4+ have been obtained. The formation channels of main fragments are predicted by Gaussian 09 program at G3B3 level and examined via their dissociation energies from experimental results. Based on our analysis, nine main dissociative photoionization channels are proposed: C5H7O2+ + H, C4H5O2+ + CH3, C3H5O2+ + C2H3, C3H4O+ + C2H4O, C3H3O+ + C2H5O, C2H5O+ + C3H3O, C2H3O+ + C3H5O, C2H5+ + C3H3O2, C2H4+ + C3H4O2, respectively. The results of this work lead to a better understanding of photochemistry in the environment.

Investigation of TiC C Eutectic and WC C Peritectic High-Temperature Fixed Points

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sasajima, Naohiko; Yamada, Yoshiro

2008-06-01

TiC C eutectic (2,761°C) and WC C peritectic (2,749°C) fixed points were investigated to compare their potential as high-temperature thermometric reference points. Two TiC C and three WC C fixed-point cells were constructed, and the melting and freezing plateaux were evaluated by means of radiation thermometry. The repeatability of the TiC C eutectic within a day was 60 mK with a melting range roughly 200 mK. The repeatability of the melting temperature of the WC C peritectic within 1 day was 17 mK with a melting range of ˜70 mK. The repeatability of the freezing temperature of the WC C peritectic was 21 mK with a freezing range less than 20 mK. One of the TiC C cells was constructed from a TiC and graphite powder mixture. The filling showed the reaction with the graphite crucible was suppressed and the ingot contained less voids, although the lack of high-purity TiC powder poses a problem. The WC C cells were easily constructed, like metal carbon eutectic cells, without any evident reaction with the crucible. From these results, it is concluded that the WC C peritectic has more potential than the TiC C eutectic as a high-temperature reference point. The investigation of the purification of the TiC C cell during filling and the plateau observation are also reported.

[Construction of cTnC-linker-TnI (P) Genes, Expression of Fusion Protein and Preparation of Lyophilized Protein].

PubMed

Song, Xiaoli; Liu, Xiaoyun; Cai, Lei; Wu, Jianwei; Wang, Jihua

2015-12-01

In order to construct and express human cardiac troponin C-linker-troponin I(P) [ cTnC-linker-TnI(P)] fusion protein, detect its activity and prepare lyophilized protein, we searched the CDs of human cTnC and cTnI from GenBank, synthesized cTnC and cTnI(30-110aa) into cloning vector by a short DNA sequence coding for 15 neutral amino acid residues. pCold I-cTnC-linker-TnI(P) was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Then, cTnC-linker-TnI(P) fusion protein was induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Soluable expression of cTnC-linker-TnI(P) in prokaryotic system was successfully obtained. The fusion protein was purified by Ni²⁺ Sepharose 6 Fast Flow affinity chromatography with over 95% purity and prepared into lyophilized protein. The activity of purified cTnC-linker-TnI(P) and its lyophilized protein were detected by Wondfo Finecare™ cTnI Test. Lyophilized protein of cTnC-linker-TnI(P) was stable for 10 or more days at 37 °C and 4 or more months at 25 °C and 4 °C. The expression system established in this research is feasible and efficient. Lyophilized protein is stable enough to be provided as biological raw materials for further research.

Department of the Navy Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Year 1988/ 1989 Submitted to Congress. Operation and Maintenance, Navy Reserve

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

t" td =U E 4-1 C-’M4- *+2 mU C 01 - 0 00 C01C ) fa .0 a) %A 4- 10 L- tor miE LA 01 Er~uO- 04-0 E . 0 CD u ft~o c ma-C uam 0 Ul (A &Ai %.o w1 0 C4-A M...06U S4D’’W 0 4-A 41 C % C 0 a, - ) .- 4. %A -- & - -v, ’ 4-0 C IVAU E 4-’ 4) ’q CL Q>C 4..C 0 "ow - 34A c IutoC 05 >’ m’U c = c 4) 4) 4. 3UV -t CL>%u ’ t

A Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene-Based Multiplex PCR Assay for Campylobacter jejuni, C. fetus, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lari.

PubMed

Kamei, Kazumasa; Kawabata, Hiroki; Asakura, Masahiro; Samosornsuk, Worada; Hinenoya, Atsushi; Nakagawa, Shinsaku; Yamasaki, Shinji

2016-05-20

In this study, we devised a multiplex PCR assay based on the gene of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) B subunit to simultaneously detect and discriminate Campylobacter jejuni, C. fetus, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lari. Species-specific PCR products were successfully obtained from all 38 C. jejuni, 12 C. fetus, 39 C. coli, 22 C. upsaliensis, 24 C. hyointestinalis, and 7 C. lari strains tested. On the other hand, no specific PCR products were obtained from other campylobacters and bacterial species tested (41 strains in total). The proposed multiplex PCR assay is a valuable tool for detection and descrimination of 6 major Campylobacter species, that are associated with gastrointestinal diseases in humans.

Oxidation of C/SiC Composites at Reduced Oxygen Partial Pressures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Opila, Elizabeth J.; Serra, Jessica

2009-01-01

Carbon-fiber reinforced SiC (C/SiC) composites are proposed for leading edge applications of hypersonic vehicles due to the superior strength of carbon fibers at high temperatures (greater than 1500 C). However, the vulnerability of the carbon fibers in C/SiC to oxidation over a wide range of temperatures remains a problem. Previous oxidation studies of C/SiC have mainly been conducted in air or oxygen, so that the oxidation behavior of C/SiC at reduced oxygen partial pressures of the hypersonic flight regime are less well understood. In this study, both carbon fibers and C/SiC composites were oxidized over a wide range of temperatures and oxygen partial pressures to facilitate the understanding and modeling of C/SiC oxidation kinetics for hypersonic flight conditions.

Surviving the infarct: A profile of cardiac myosin binding protein-C pathogenicity, diagnostic utility, and proteomics in the ischemic myocardium.

PubMed

Lynch, Thomas L; Sadayappan, Sakthivel

2014-08-01

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a regulatory protein of the contractile apparatus within the cardiac sarcomere. Ischemic injury to the heart during myocardial infarction (MI) results in the cleavage of cMyBP-C in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and release of an N-terminal fragment (C0C1f) into the circulation. C0C1f has been shown to be pathogenic within cardiac tissue, leading to the development of heart failure. Based on its high levels and early release into the circulation post-MI, C0C1f may serve as a novel biomarker for diagnosing MI more effectively than current clinically used biomarkers. Over time, circulating C0C1f could trigger an autoimmune response leading to myocarditis and progressive cardiac dysfunction. Given the importance of cMyBP-C phosphorylation state in the context of proteolytic cleavage and release into the circulation post-MI, understanding the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of cMyBP-C would help in further elucidating the role of this protein in health and disease. Accordingly, recent studies have implemented the latest proteomics approaches to define the PTMs of cMyBP-C. The use of such proteomics assays may provide accurate quantitation of the levels of cMyBP-C in the circulation following MI, which could, in turn, demonstrate the efficacy of using plasma cMyBP-C as a cardiac-specific early biomarker of MI. In this review, we define the pathogenic and potential immunogenic effects of C0C1f on cardiac function in the post-MI heart. We also discuss the most advanced proteomics approaches now used to determine cMyBP-C PTMs with the aim of validating C0C1f as an early biomarker of MI. © The Authors PROTEOMICS - Clinical Applications Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Study of the strong {sigma}{sub c}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi},{sigma}{sub c}*{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi} and {xi}{sub c}*{yields}{xi}{sub c}{pi} decays in a nonrelativistic quark model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albertus, C.; Nieves, J.; Hernandez, E.

We present results for the strong widths corresponding to the {sigma}{sub c}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi}, {sigma}{sub c}*{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{pi} and {xi}{sub c}*{yields}{xi}{sub c}{pi} decays. The calculations have been done in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model with wave functions that take advantage of the constraints imposed by heavy quark symmetry. Partial conservation of axial current hypothesis allows us to determine the strong vertices from an analysis of the axial current matrix elements. Our results {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup ++}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})=2.41{+-}0.07{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup +}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=2.79{+-}0.08{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=2.37{+-}0.07{+-}0.02 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{sup ++}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup +})=17.52{+-}0.74{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{supmore » +}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=17.31{+-}0.73{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({sigma}{sub c}*{sup 0}{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -})=16.90{+-}0.71{+-}0.12 MeV, {gamma}({xi}{sub c}*{sup +}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}+{xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0})=3.18{+-}0.10{+-}0.01 MeV, and {gamma}({xi}{sub c}*{sup 0}{yields}{xi}{sub c}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}+{xi}{sub c}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0})=3.03{+-}0.10{+-}0.01 MeV are in good agreement with experimental determinations.« less

Task Force Delay Study. Denver Stapleton International Airport, Volume II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

Stephen L. 11. Hockaday Manager Sl H/j c 2nclosure cc: x. Fred Jaeger bcc: Mr. Herb Hubbard, UAL TFD Correspondence H. Fan 0 JI-. *~ ~ E ~ n ti ~’L1 -J (D...34 Attachment E contains a list of additional delay experiments discussed at the previous Task Force meeting. I I P M. M. &6 Co. Mr. Phillip J. LaRochelle March... E -05B Western. C-01, C7.O3, C-05, CO2 , C-04, C-06, Continental,, C-07, C-09, C-11, C-15, C-10, C-12, C-14, C-16 Trans World,, D-01, D-03, D-05, D-07

New Species of the Spider Genus Cheiracanthium from Continental Africa
(Araneae: Eutichuridae).

PubMed

Lotz, L N

2015-06-17

Eleven new species of Cheiracanthium, C. boendense sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo), C. falcis sp. nov. (Gabon), C. foordi sp. nov. (South Africa), C. ghanaense sp. nov. (Ghana), C. kabalense sp. nov. (Uganda), C. kakamega sp. nov. (Kenya), C. kakumense sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana), C. lukiense sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo), C. mayombense sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo), C. shilabira sp. nov. (Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya) and C. tanzanense sp. nov. (Tanzania) are described. Males of C. punctipedellum Caporiacco, 1949, C. sansibaricum Strand, 1907 and C. schenkeli Caporiacco, 1949 are described for the first time.

Installation Restoration Program (IRP) Stage 7, Remedial Investigation/ Feasibility Study Comprehensive CERCLA Work PLan for McClellan AFB/EM, McClellan AFB, California

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-01

Systems Audits ; Preventive Maintenance; Data Assessment Procedures; Corrective Action; Quality Assurance Reports; and Site Management. General Data Quality...for verification and quality control audits . A copy of the QAPP will be in the possession of field sampling teams for all sampling efforts...L cc- acca C wi w-C P-3-- C I- usu 2; - at C4~~2 Q (( c ccc c-c C- 0L U -C 3- au S - - C3 . - acu tr - -a CL.43 C LU -C2 -C ul 0it S w- -C u Ocw - z i

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place, Fiscal Year 1987. Part 11. Kodet Architectural Group-Mantech Field Engineering.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

8217’ C4J C >)> Cm (0 C’) C- ir40 0 -4-4N (4 0 0 .- .>’ .- . ~ - - C 4NL.4- N04.. (0 M’) C -00)0 N U C -(D tD C ,’ m0 0- r, O N N 0 V I- CNFL O4 .0 U 0...10 0646I 0- -I WN 0 Z-D0 I-C’ C-C’) 01 O 6-0 C’)’ C’) 0 ’-40 0l11 0 0 CD C’)U CC C ) TD N0l 06 N- 0.60 00 00000 on 00 0, C. C 000 00 00 000) _𔃺 -’l) U...W LJ "- C C :34 N m4 1 0 w 4 n-it un w N nN r, v 3- 4bD )n0wt400 040 cCO 0n 00 V cl 00a) C)O0LA m-4 I4 N 0413 4 VMPP,?-0V VN 4 (D W 04 4O(D0) 00 cc -4

Communication: Surface-to-bulk diffusion of isolated versus interacting C atoms in Ni(111) and Cu(111) substrates: A first principle investigation.

PubMed

Harpale, Abhilash; Panesi, Marco; Chew, Huck Beng

2015-02-14

Using first principle calculations, we study the surface-to-bulk diffusion of C atoms in Ni(111) and Cu(111) substrates, and compare the barrier energies associated with the diffusion of an isolated C atom versus multiple interacting C atoms. We find that the preferential Ni-C bonding over C-C bonding induces a repulsive interaction between C atoms located at diagonal octahedral voids in Ni substrates. This C-C interaction accelerates C atom diffusion in Ni with a reduced barrier energy of ∼1 eV, compared to ∼1.4-1.6 eV for the diffusion of isolated C atoms. The diffusion barrier energy of isolated C atoms in Cu is lower than in Ni. However, bulk diffusion of interacting C atoms in Cu is not possible due to the preferential C-C bonding over C-Cu bonding, which results in C-C dimer pair formation near the surface. The dramatically different C-C interaction effects within the different substrates explain the contrasting growth mechanisms of graphene on Ni(111) and Cu(111) during chemical vapor deposition.

CFD Growth of 3C-SiC on 4H/6H Mesas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neudeck, Philip G.; Trunek, Andrew J.; Spry, David J.; Powell, J. Anthony; Du, Hui; Skowronski, Marek; Huang, XianRong; Dudley, Michael

2006-01-01

This article describes growth and characterization of the highest quality reproducible 3C-SiC heteroepitaxial films ever reported. By properly nucleating 3C-SiC growth on top of perfectly on-axis (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces completely free of atomic scale steps and extended defects, growth of 3C-SiC mesa heterofilms completely free of extended crystal defects can be achieved. In contrast, nucleation and growth of 3C-SiC mesa heterofilms on top of 4H-SiC mesas with atomic-scale steps always results in numerous observable dislocations threading through the 3C-SiC epilayer. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate non-trivial in-plane lattice mismatch between the 3C and 4H layers. This mismatch is somewhat relieved in the step-free mesa case via misfit dislocations confined to the 3C/4H interfacial region without dislocations threading into the overlying 3C-SiC layer. These results indicate that the presence or absence of steps at the 3C/4H heteroepitaxial interface critically impacts the quality, defect structure, and relaxation mechanisms of single-crystal heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC films.

An Evaluation of Functional Sit-to-Stand Power in Cohorts of Healthy Adults Aged 18-97 Years.

PubMed

Glenn, Jordan M; Gray, Michelle; Vincenzo, Jennifer; Paulson, Sally; Powers, Melissa

2017-04-01

This investigation examined differences in functional sit-to-stand power/velocity between cohorts of adults aged 18-97 years. This study included 264 healthy adults classified into four cohorts (18-40, C1; 60-69, C2; 70-79, C2; ≥ 80, C4). Participants completed the sit-to-stand task five times. Power and velocity were measured via the TENDO power analyzer. Absolute average power was maintained from C1-C3, but decreased (p < .01) in C4. Absolute peak power decreased between C1-C2 (p < .01), was similar between C2-C3, and decreased in C4 (p < .01). Relative (to body weight) average and peak power decreased between C1-C2 (p < .01), was similar between C2-C3, and decreased in C4 (p < .01). Average velocity was similar between C1 and C2, but decreased in C3 (p < .01) and C4 (p < .01), respectively. Peak velocity was significantly different between all cohorts (p < .01). Declines in functional power may plateau during the seventh and eighth decades, accelerating after 80 years.

CVD growth and properties of boron phosphide on 3C-SiC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padavala, Balabalaji; Frye, C. D.; Wang, Xuejing; Raghothamachar, Balaji; Edgar, J. H.

2016-09-01

Improving the crystalline quality of boron phosphide (BP) is essential for realizing its full potential in semiconductor device applications. In this study, 3C-SiC was tested as a substrate for BP epitaxy. BP films were grown on 3C-SiC(100)/Si, 3C-SiC(111)/Si, and 3C-SiC(111)/4H-SiC(0001) substrates in a horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Films were produced with good crystalline orientation and morphological features in the temperature range of 1000-1200 °C using a PH3+B2H6+H2 mixture. Rotational twinning was absent in the BP due to the crystal symmetry-matching with 3C-SiC. Confocal 3D Raman imaging of BP films revealed primarily uniform peak shift and peak widths across the scanned area, except at defects on the surface. Synchrotron white beam X-ray topography showed the epitaxial relationship between BP and 3C-SiC was (100) 〈 011 〉 BP||(100) 〈 011 〉 3C-SiC and (111) 〈 11 2 ̅ 〉 BP||(111) 〈 11 2 ̅ 〉 3C-SiC. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated residual tensile strain in the films and improved crystalline quality at temperatures below 1200 °C. These results indicated that BP properties could be further enhanced by employing high quality bulk 3C-SiC or 3C-SiC epilayers on 4H-SiC substrates.

CVD growth and properties of boron phosphide on 3C-SiC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Padavala, Balabalaji; Frye, C. D.; Wang, Xuejing

Improving the crystalline quality of boron phosphide (BP) is essential for realizing its full potential in semiconductor device applications. In this study, 3C-SiC was tested as a substrate for BP epitaxy. BP films were grown on 3C-SiC(100)/Si, 3C-SiC(111)/Si, and 3C-SiC(111)/4H-SiC(0001) substrates in a horizontal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. Films were produced with good crystalline orientation and morphological features in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C using a PH3+B2H6+H2 mixture. Rotational twinning was absent in the BP due to the crystal symmetry-matching with 3C-SiC. Confocal 3D Raman imaging of BP films revealed primarily uniform peak shift and peak widths acrossmore » the scanned area, except at defects on the surface. Synchrotron white beam X-ray topography showed the epitaxial relationship between BP and 3C-SiC was (100) <011>BP||(100) <011>3C-SiC and (111)View the MathML sourceBP||(111)View the MathML source3C-SiC. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated residual tensile strain in the films and improved crystalline quality at temperatures below 1200 °C. These results indicated that BP properties could be further enhanced by employing high quality bulk 3C-SiC or 3C-SiC epilayers on 4H-SiC substrates.« less

42 CFR 402.205 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Federal Regulationssection 1833(h)(5)(D) in repeated cases § 402.1(c)(1) 1833(q)(2)(B) in repeated cases § 402.1(c)(3) 1834(a)(11)(A) § 402.1(c)(4) 1834(a)(18)(B) § 402.1(c)(5) 1834(b)(5)(C) § 402.1(c)(6) 1834(c)(4)(C) § 402.1(c)(7) 1834(h)(3) § 402.1(c)(8) 1834(j)(4) § 402.1(c)(10) 1834(k)(6) § 402.1(c)(31...

42 CFR 402.205 - Length of exclusion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Federal Regulationssection 1833(h)(5)(D) in repeated cases § 402.1(c)(1) 1833(q)(2)(B) in repeated cases § 402.1(c)(3) 1834(a)(11)(A) § 402.1(c)(4) 1834(a)(18)(B) § 402.1(c)(5) 1834(b)(5)(C) § 402.1(c)(6) 1834(c)(4)(C) § 402.1(c)(7) 1834(h)(3) § 402.1(c)(8) 1834(j)(4) § 402.1(c)(10) 1834(k)(6) § 402.1(c)(31...

Remedial Investigation Addendum Report Data Item A009. Volume 3: Appendix H

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD pD aD C CD C) C C*n n c 800 00 0 00 0 0000000000000000000CDC>000) VVVVVVVV V VV VVVV V V VVVVVVVV VvVVV v...JUUUr!Lr Pd L0 ,,,,,,,,a,.*,,***l o o o o o 00 , a a a Cg m C D0C<: 8888888888888 -8 -Mr jr MC I c \\ jC Mr .D-oaC)uu u L.La"I (5 ..0 c Ci2W0 U U-Cf Z...C DJ C) a D 0 CD CD CD CD PD pD C) C) CD CD (D CD CD CD CD, CD, CD C) V V V VV V VVV VV V VV V V V VVV VV V V VVV VV VV VV V VVV VI (uo 41 ~ C > 04

Navy Technology Transfer Program FY 77 Summary Statistics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

ATN.CORATOR GRANT NUmBERC.j 9 0’E R _M’NC.CORGANIZATION N AME AND A’-,DRESS ID PROOR;AM EL EME ’r. 1 ROJECT, TASC AREA &-ARKUNI- NU)MBERS Headquarters...Cro 4- L. > 0)90 W >-0 EL . W 0 -r- CE )W EL - 09 , c - Z U0 C 4- -U~ z OL- 4 C: c-CC0 c-4 OWCD() Li- W’i ) C -- a) cC 0) < cmf U) oU)xO0E-c 0 C41- WV...CC’MM-. DE .’L O.C M, 3Cu C> m -0 CCD I 0 u U .LfV C HO rc C .L V- 0-J ’’ >0CE-- (0))0L) - 0 ((00 L(- *-V - 0 0 -0 C C LO -o (0v . -0 0’--o CO C(A

EVALUATION OF BENZO[C]CHRYSENE DIHYDRODIOLS IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLAST C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS

EPA Science Inventory

EVALUATION OF BENZO[c]CHRYSENE DIHYDRODIOLS IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLAST C3H10T?CL8 CELLS

Abstract The morphological cell transforming activities of three dihydrodiols of benzo[c]chrysene (B[c]C), trans-B[c]C-7,8-diol, trans-B[c]C-9...

40 CFR 721.3025 - Fatty acids C12-18, C18 unsaturated, C12-18 alkyl esters (generic).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fatty acids C12-18, C18 unsaturated... Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.3025 Fatty acids C12-18, C18 unsaturated, C12-18... chemical substance identified generically as fatty acids C12-18, C18 unsaturated, C12-18 alkyl esters (PMNs...

Effects of low atmospheric CO2 and elevated temperature during growth on the gas exchange responses of C3, C3-C4 intermediate, and C4 species from three evolutionary lineages of C4 photosynthesis.

PubMed

Vogan, Patrick J; Sage, Rowan F

2012-06-01

This study evaluates acclimation of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in three evolutionary lineages of C(3), C(3)-C(4) intermediate, and C(4) species grown in the low CO(2) and hot conditions proposed to favo r the evolution of C(4) photosynthesis. Closely related C(3), C(3)-C(4), and C(4) species in the genera Flaveria, Heliotropium, and Alternanthera were grown near 380 and 180 μmol CO(2) mol(-1) air and day/night temperatures of 37/29°C. Growth CO(2) had no effect on photosynthetic capacity or nitrogen allocation to Rubisco and electron transport in any of the species. There was also no effect of growth CO(2) on photosynthetic and stomatal responses to intercellular CO(2) concentration. These results demonstrate little ability to acclimate to low CO(2) growth conditions in closely related C(3) and C(3)-C(4) species, indicating that, during past episodes of low CO(2), individual C(3) plants had little ability to adjust their photosynthetic physiology to compensate for carbon starvation. This deficiency could have favored selection for more efficient modes of carbon assimilation, such as C(3)-C(4) intermediacy. The C(3)-C(4) species had approximately 50% greater rates of net CO(2) assimilation than the C(3) species when measured at the growth conditions of 180 μmol mol(-1) and 37°C, demonstrating the superiority of the C(3)-C(4) pathway in low atmospheric CO(2) and hot climates of recent geological time.

Molecular characterization of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among Jordanians.

PubMed

Al-Sweedan, Suleimman A; Awwad, Nor

2012-01-01

In Jordan, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a significant health problem, and the incidence was reported to be about 3.6%. The aims of this study are to investigate the most common molecular mutations of the G6PD gene among Jordanians in northern Jordan and to examine the correlation between the genotype and phenotype of this enzyme deficiency. Seventy-five blood samples were collected from patients attending King Abdullah University Hospital and Princess Rahma Teaching Hospital. The G6PD gene was scanned for mutations using a DNA sequencing technique. Our results showed 11 variations (7 exonic and 4 intronic) as follows: c.202 G>A (rs1050828), c.376 A>G (rs1050829), c.404 A>C (CM962574 single-nucleotide polymorphism), c.542 A>T (rs5030872), c.563 C>T (rs5030868), c.1003 G>A (rs5030869), c.1311 C>T (rs2230037), c.486-90 C>T, c.486-60 C>G (rs2515904), c.770+175 C>T (rs2515905) and c.1311 C>T (rs2230037). Among these, G6PD Mediterranean (c.563 C>T) was the most common in our patients, with a frequency of 76.2%, followed by G6PD A- (c.202 G>A + c.376 A>G) with 19%, and an equal frequency of 1.6% was found for G6PD Chatham (c.1003 G>A), G6PD Santamaria (c.542 A>T + c.376 A>G) and G6PD Cairo (c.404 A>C). This is the first report of G6PD Santamaria and Cairo among our Jordanian population. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Shark complement: an assessment.

PubMed

Smith, S L

1998-12-01

The classical (CCP) and alternative (ACP) pathways of complement activation have been established for the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum). The isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a mannan-binding protein-associated serine protease (MASP)-1-like protein from the Japanese dogfish (Triakis scyllia) suggests the presence of a lectin pathway. The CCP consists of six functionally distinct components: C1n, C2n, C3n, C4n, C8n and C9n, and is activated by immune complexes in the presence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions. The ACP is antibody independent, requiring Mg++ ions and a heat-labile 90 kDa factor B-like protein for activity. Proteins considered homologues of C1q, C3 and C4 (C2n) of the mammalian complement system have been isolated from nurse shark serum. Shark C1q is composed of at least two chain types each showing 50% identity to human C1q chains A and B. Partial sequence of the globular domain of one of the chains shows it to be C1q-like rather than like mannan-binding protein. N-terminal amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta chain of shark C3 and C4 molecules show significant identity with corresponding human C3 and C4 chains. A sequence representing shark C4 gamma chain, shows little similarity to human C4 gamma chain. The terminal shark components C8n and C9n are functional analogues of mammalian C8 and C9. Anaphylatoxin activity has been demonstrated in activated shark serum, and porcine C5a desArg induces shark leucocyte chemotaxis. The deduced amino acid sequence of a partial C3 cDNA clone from the nurse shark shows 50%, 30% and 24% homology with the corresponding region of mammalian C3, C4 and alpha 2-macroglobulin. Deduced amino acid sequence data from partial Bf/C2 cDNA clones, two from the nurse shark and one from the Japanese dogfish, suggest that at least one species of elasmobranch has two distinct Bf/C2 genes.

Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests.

PubMed

Samuelson, Lisa J; Stokes, Thomas A; Butnor, John R; Johnsen, Kurt H; Gonzalez-Benecke, Carlos A; Martin, Timothy A; Cropper, Wendell P; Anderson, Pete H; Ramirez, Michael R; Lewis, John C

2017-01-01

Forests can partially offset greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation, mainly through increases in live biomass. We quantified carbon (C) density in 20 managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests ranging in age from 5 to 118 years located across the southeastern United States and estimated above- and belowground C trajectories. Ecosystem C stock (all pools including soil C) and aboveground live tree C increased nonlinearly with stand age and the modeled asymptotic maxima were 168 Mg C/ha and 80 Mg C/ha, respectively. Accumulation of ecosystem C with stand age was driven mainly by increases in aboveground live tree C, which ranged from <1 Mg C/ha to 74 Mg C/ha and comprised <1% to 39% of ecosystem C. Live root C (sum of below-stump C, ground penetrating radar measurement of lateral root C, and live fine root C) increased with stand age and represented 4-22% of ecosystem C. Soil C was related to site index, but not to stand age, and made up 39-92% of ecosystem C. Live understory C, forest floor C, downed dead wood C, and standing dead wood C were small fractions of ecosystem C in these frequently burned stands. Stand age and site index accounted for 76% of the variation in ecosystem C among stands. The mean root-to-shoot ratio calculated as the average across all stands (excluding the grass-stage stand) was 0.54 (standard deviation of 0.19) and higher than reports for other conifers. Long-term accumulation of live tree C, combined with the larger role of belowground accumulation of lateral root C than in other forest types, indicates a role of longleaf pine forests in providing disturbance-resistant C storage that can balance the more rapid C accumulation and C removal associated with more intensively managed forests. Although other managed southern pine systems sequester more C over the short-term, we suggest that longleaf pine forests can play a meaningful role in regional forest C management. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

Drivers of inter-annual variability in C4 abundance in mixed C3-C4 grasslands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffith, D.; Ratajczak, Z.; Anderson, M.; Lind, E. M.; Still, C. J.

2016-12-01

Grassland communities tend to be dominated by either C3 or C4 grass species, as opposed to being evenly mixed. Globally, this pattern is a consequence of the crossover temperature threshold above which C4 grasses are climatically favored. However, C3-C4 distributions can also be distinctly bimodal at the landscape scale, reflecting variation in fire regime, herbivory, soils, and other factors that favor either C3 or C4 vegetation. As such, our aims were to first investigate the global controls on C3 and C4 species pools, and second to determine the magnitude of inter-annual variation in C4 grass relative abundance in mixed C3-C4 grasslands with different fire regimes, soil nitrogen, and grazing pressures. Our analyses used data from 74 globally distributed Nutrient Network sites, 30 of which are mixed C3-C4 grasslands. Each site has factorial fertilizer (NPK) and herbivore exclosure treatments in replicated blocks. To address our first goal we conducted a random forest analysis of site-level C4 relative abundances in relation to mean annual temperature and rainfall, growing season temperature (GST) and rainfall, rainfall seasonality, aridity, fire frequency and management, frost, soil fertility, and grass lineage. In order to address our second goal, we narrowed our focus to sites having mixed C3-C4 grass composition and at least five years of species composition data (16 sites). A GST of 15 °C was a good descriptor of C4 versus C3 grass dominance, although there were marked differences among specific C4 grass lineages in their distributions. For example, whether or not a site has an actively managed burn regime was a greater predictor of Andropogoneae (C4) than GST. Furthermore, in mixed C3-C4 grasslands fertilization favored C3 grasses. Our research delineates the climatic limits of mixed C3-C4 grasslands and highlights the influence of disturbance, soil, and phylogeny on C4 and C3 grass dominance.

The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex

PubMed Central

Damm, U.; Cannon, P.F.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Crous, P.W.

2012-01-01

Colletotrichum acutatum is known as an important anthracnose pathogen of a wide range of host plants worldwide. Numerous studies have reported subgroups within the C. acutatum species complex. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis (ITS, ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, HIS3) of 331 strains previously identified as C. acutatum and other related taxa, including strains from numerous hosts with wide geographic distributions, confirmed the molecular groups previously recognised and identified a series of novel taxa. Thirty-one species are accepted, of which 21 have not previously been recognised. Colletotrichum orchidophilum clusters basal to the C. acutatum species complex. There is a high phenotypic diversity within this complex, and some of the species appear to have preferences to specific hosts or geographical regions. Others appear to be plurivorous and are present in multiple regions. In this study, only C. salicis and C. rhombiforme formed sexual morphs in culture, although sexual morphs have been described from other taxa (especially as laboratory crosses), and there is evidence of hybridisation between different species. One species with similar morphology to C. acutatum but not belonging to this species complex was also described here as new, namely C. pseudoacutatum. Taxonomic novelties: New combinations - Colletotrichum limetticola (R.E. Clausen) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. lupini (Bondar) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. salicis (Fuckel) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. New species - C. acerbum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. australe Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. brisbanense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. cosmi Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. costaricense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. cuscutae Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. guajavae Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. indonesiense Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. johnstonii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. kinghornii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. laticiphilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. melonis Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. orchidophilum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. paxtonii Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. pseudoacutatum Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous C. pyricola Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. rhombiforme Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. scovillei Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. sloanei Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. tamarilloi Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. walleri Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. Typifications: Epitypifications - C. acutatum J.H. Simmonds, C. limetticola (R.E. Clausen) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, C. nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, C. phormii (Henn.) D.F. Farr & Rossman, C. salicis (Fuckel) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous. Lectotypifications - C. nymphaeae (Pass.) Aa, C. orchidearum Allesch. PMID:23136458

76 FR 11561 - Additional Designations, Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-02

....A., Cali, Colombia; c/o INVERSIONES CIFUENTES Y CIA. S. EN C., Medellin, Colombia; c/o PARQUES...., Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico; c/o INVERSIONES CIFUENTES Y CIA. S. EN C., Medellin, Colombia; c/o..., Colombia; c/o INVERSIONES CIFUENTES Y CIA. S. EN C., Medellin, Colombia; c/o LE CLAUDE, S.A. DE C.V...

C1q protein binds to the apoptotic nucleolus and causes C1 protease degradation of nucleolar proteins.

PubMed

Cai, Yitian; Teo, Boon Heng Dennis; Yeo, Joo Guan; Lu, Jinhua

2015-09-11

In infection, complement C1q recognizes pathogen-congregated antibodies and elicits complement activation. Among endogenous ligands, C1q binds to DNA and apoptotic cells, but whether C1q binds to nuclear DNA in apoptotic cells remains to be investigated. With UV irradiation-induced apoptosis, C1q initially bound to peripheral cellular regions in early apoptotic cells. By 6 h, binding concentrated in the nuclei to the nucleolus but not the chromatins. When nucleoli were isolated from non-apoptotic cells, C1q also bound to these structures. In vivo, C1q exists as the C1 complex (C1qC1r2C1s2), and C1q binding to ligands activates the C1r/C1s proteases. Incubation of nucleoli with C1 caused degradation of the nucleolar proteins nucleolin and nucleophosmin 1. This was inhibited by the C1 inhibitor. The nucleoli are abundant with autoantigens. C1q binding and C1r/C1s degradation of nucleolar antigens during cell apoptosis potentially reduces autoimmunity. These findings help us to understand why genetic C1q and C1r/C1s deficiencies cause systemic lupus erythematosus. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Thermal conductivity in nanocrystalline-SiC/C superlattices

DOE PAGES

Habermehl, S.; Serrano, J. R.

2015-11-17

We reported the formation of thin film superlattices consisting of alternating layers of nitrogen-doped SiC (SiC:N) and C. Periodically terminating the SiC:N surface with a graphitic C boundary layer and controlling the SiC:N/C thickness ratio yield nanocrystalline SiC grains ranging in size from 365 to 23 nm. Frequency domain thermo-reflectance is employed to determine the thermal conductivity, which is found to vary from 35.5 W m -1 K -1 for monolithic undoped α-SiC films to 1.6 W m -1 K -1 for a SiC:N/C superlattice with a 47 nm period and a SiC:N/C thickness ratio of 11. A series conductancemore » model is employed to explain the dependence of the thermal conductivity on the superlatticestructure. Our results indicate that the thermal conductivity is more dependent on the SiC:N/C thickness ratio than the SiC:N grain size, indicative of strong boundary layerphonon scattering.« less

Casualty Estimates for Contingencies. Volume 2. Appendices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-15

r .( E 4) C 0C0C O.C L - 0 1-L-0 3.14 >0 0C) m>1,-. c4 00(00 4 co 0 uk Cr C0 m a0 0c 4)5V) NU) 4)) 3UV ) 0 4 LL . .- C4),u %0) c :3 W 0) 1O00ZC 4) C 0...4) .) .) L -L4a) -4 c r - C(C0.Z.-4 -) 6EE>i-L> o V) L. VLLUS- )-4 ) 4) LCUL. 4o) - -4 r- 0C M C.-4 0 0 M aL. w 4) - r- V CO 4)0*- tD V) N X, V) U M0...34 , . . -- ," - " % t- a, -~ U 4-) 1 . 1 _0 S- %V - a) (V % S-~ ~ -4_ _ _ _ _ 1..I l c 0 S 0~L -0 CU4 E~a 4- c0 CD" 0 .- 4 - ra.- 3 oo -4 tD 41 ( A V

Regioselective functionalization of iminophosphoranes through Pd-mediated C-H bond activation: C-C and C-X bond formation.

PubMed

Aguilar, David; Navarro, Rafael; Soler, Tatiana; Urriolabeitia, Esteban P

2010-11-21

The orthopalladation of iminophosphoranes [R(3)P=N-C(10)H(7)-1] (R(3) = Ph(3) 1, p-Tol(3) 2, PhMe(2) 3, Ph(2)Me 4, N-C(10)H(7)-1 = 1-naphthyl) has been studied. It occurs regioselectively at the aryl ring bonded to the P atom in 1 and 2, giving endo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2=N-1-C(10)H(7))-2)-κ-C,N](2) (5) or endo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(3)-(P(p-Tol)(2)=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2-Me-5)-κ-C,N](2) (6), while in 3 the 1-naphthyl group is metallated instead, giving exo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-8)-κ-C,N](2) (7). In the case of 4, orthopalladation at room temperature affords the kinetic exo isomer [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPh(2)Me)-8)-κ-C,N](2) (11exo), while a mixture of 11exo and the thermodynamic endo isomer [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPhMe=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2)-κ-C,N](2) (11endo) is obtained in refluxing toluene. The heating in toluene of the acetate bridge dimer [Pd(μ-OAc)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPh(2)Me)-8)-κ-C,N](2) (13exo) promotes the facile transformation of the exo isomer into the endo isomer [Pd(μ-OAc)(C(6)H(4)-(PPhMe=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2)-κ-C,N](2) (13endo), confirming that the exo isomers are formed under kinetic control. Reactions of the orthometallated complexes have led to functionalized molecules. The stoichiometric reactions of the orthometallated complexes [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-8)-κ-C,N](2) (7), [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2)[=NPh)-2)](2) (17) and [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(3)-(C(O)N=PPh(3))-2-OMe-4)](2) (18) with I(2) or with CO results in the synthesis of the ortho-halogenated compounds [PhMe(2)P=N-C(10)H(6)-I-8] (19), [I-C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2)=NPh)-2] (21) and [Ph(3)P=NC(O)C(6)H(3)-I-2-OMe-5] (23) or the heterocycles [C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-1-(C(O))-8]Cl (20), [C(6)H(5)-(N=PPh(2)-C(6)H(4)-C(O)-2]ClO(4) (22) and [C(6)H(3)-(C(O)-1,2-N-PPh(3))-OMe-4]Cl (24).

Study of 2 S - and 1 D -excitations of observed charmed strange baryons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Dan-Dan; Zhao, Ze; Zhang, Ailin

2017-12-01

Strong decays of Ξc baryons with radial or orbital λ - and ρ -mode excitations with positive parity have been studied in a 3P0 model. As candidates of these kinds of excited charmed strange baryons, possible configurations and JP quantum numbers of Ξc(2930 ), Ξc(2980 ), Ξc(3055 ), Ξc(3080 ), and Ξc(3123 ) have been assigned based on experimental data. There are 40 kinds of configurations to describe the first radial or orbital excited Ξc in λ - and ρ -mode excitations with positive parity. In these assignments, Ξc(2930 ) may be a 2 S -wave excited Ξ˜c 1(1/2+) or Ξ˜c 1(3/2+), or a D -wave excited Ξ^c 1 '(1/2+) , Ξˇc 1 0(1/2+) , Ξˇc 1 2(1/2+) , Ξ^c 1 '(3/2+) , Ξˇc1 0(3/2+), or Ξˇc1 2(3/2+). Ξc(2980 )+ may be a 2 S -wave excited Ξ˜c 1(1/2+)or Ξ˜c0 '(1/2+) with JP=1/2+, or a D -wave excited Ξˇc0 '0(1/2+) or Ξˇc 1 0(1/2+) with JP=1/2+. Ξc(3055 )+may be a 2 S -wave excited Ξ´c 1 '(3/2+) or Ξ´c 0(1/2+). It may be a D -wave excited Ξc1 '(3/2+), Ξc2 '(5/2+), Ξc 2(3/2+) , or Ξc 2(5/2+) . Ξc(3080 )+is very possibly a 2 S -wave excited Ξ´c 0(1/2 +) and seems not to be a D -wave excitation of Ξc. Because of the poor experimental information for Ξc(3123 ), it is impossible to identify this state at present. It is found that the channel Λ D vanishes in the strong decay of P -wave, D -wave, and 2 S -wave excited Ξc without ρ -mode excitation between the two light quarks (nρ=Lρ=0 ). In different configurations, some branching fraction ratios related to the internal structure of the 2 S -wave and D -wave of Ξc are different. These ratios have been computed and can be employed to distinguish different configurations in forthcoming experiments.

Enhancing the understanding of earthworm feeding behaviour via the use of fatty acid delta13C values determined by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Dungait, Jennifer A J; Briones, Maria J I; Bol, Roland; Evershed, Richard P

2008-06-01

Litter-dwelling (epigeic) Lumbricus rubellus and soil-dwelling (endogeic) Allolobophora chlorotica earthworms were observed aggregating under C(3) (delta(13)C = -31.3 per thousand; delta(15)N = 10.7 per thousand) and C(4) (delta(13)C = -12.6 per thousand; delta(15)N = 7.5 per thousand) synthetic dung pats applied to a temperate grassland (delta(13)C = -30.3 per thousand; delta(15)N = 5.7 per thousand) in an experiment carried out for 372 days. Bulk delta(13)C values of earthworms collected from beneath either C(3) or C(4) dung after 28, 56, 112 and 372 days demonstrated that (i) L. rubellus beneath C(4) dung were significantly (13)C-enriched after 56 days (delta(13)C = -23.8 per thousand) and 112 days (delta(13)C = -22.4 per thousand) compared with those from C(3) dung treatments (56 days, delta(13)C = -26.5 per thousand; 112 days, delta(13)C = -27.0 per thousand), and (ii) A. chlorotica were 2.1 per thousand (13)C-enriched (delta(13)C = -24.2 per thousand) relative to those from C(3) dung (delta(13)C = -26.3 per thousand) treatments after 372 days. Bulk delta(15)N values did not suggest significant uptake of dung N by either species beneath C(3) or C(4) dung, but showed that the endogeic species (total mean delta(15)N = 3.3 per thousand) had higher delta(15)N values than the epigeic species (total mean delta(15)N = 5.4 per thousand). Although the two species exhibited similar fatty acid profiles, individual fatty acid delta(13)C values revealed extensive routing of dietary C into body tissue of L. rubellus, but minor incorporation into A. chlorotica. In particular, the direct incorporation of microbial biomarker fatty acids (iC(17:0), aC(17:0)) from (13)C-labelled dung in situ, the routing of dung C into de novo synthesised compounds (iC(20:4)(omega)(6),C(20:5)(omega)(3), and the assimilation of essential fatty acids ((C(18:1)(omega)(9), C(18:1)(omega(7), C(18:2)(omega(6), C(18:3)(omega)(3)) derived from dung, were determined. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Successful Wide Hybridization and Introgression Breeding in a Diverse Set of Common Peppers (Capsicum annuum) Using Different Cultivated Ají (C. baccatum) Accessions as Donor Parents.

PubMed

Manzur, Juan Pablo; Fita, Ana; Prohens, Jaime; Rodríguez-Burruezo, Adrián

2015-01-01

Capsicum baccatum, commonly known as ají, has been reported as a source of variation for many different traits to improve common pepper (C. annuum), one of the most important vegetables in the world. However, strong interspecific hybridization barriers exist between them. A comparative study of two wide hybridization approaches for introgressing C. baccatum genes into C. annuum was performed: i) genetic bridge (GB) using C. chinense and C. frutescens as bridge species; and, ii) direct cross between C. annuum and C. baccatum combined with in vitro embryo rescue (ER). A diverse and representative collection of 18 accessions from four cultivated species of Capsicum was used, including C. annuum (12), C. baccatum (3), C. chinense (2), and C. frutescens (1). More than 5000 crosses were made and over 1000 embryos were rescued in the present study. C. chinense performed as a good bridge species between C. annuum and C. baccatum, with the best results being obtained with the cross combination [C. baccatum (♀) × C. chinense (♂)] (♀) × C. annuum (♂), while C. frutescens gave poor results as bridge species due to strong prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. Virus-like-syndrome or dwarfism was observed in F1 hybrids when both C. chinense and C. frutescens were used as female parents. Regarding the ER strategy, the best response was found in C. annuum (♀) × C. baccatum (♂) crosses. First backcrosses to C. annuum (BC1s) were obtained according to the crossing scheme [C. annuum (♀) × C. baccatum (♂)] (♀) × C. annuum (♂) using ER. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed in relation to their application to breeding programmes. These results provide breeders with useful practical information for the regular utilization of the C. baccatum gene pool in C. annuum breeding.

Successful Wide Hybridization and Introgression Breeding in a Diverse Set of Common Peppers (Capsicum annuum) Using Different Cultivated Ají (C. baccatum) Accessions as Donor Parents

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Capsicum baccatum, commonly known as ají, has been reported as a source of variation for many different traits to improve common pepper (C. annuum), one of the most important vegetables in the world. However, strong interspecific hybridization barriers exist between them. A comparative study of two wide hybridization approaches for introgressing C. baccatum genes into C. annuum was performed: i) genetic bridge (GB) using C. chinense and C. frutescens as bridge species; and, ii) direct cross between C. annuum and C. baccatum combined with in vitro embryo rescue (ER). A diverse and representative collection of 18 accessions from four cultivated species of Capsicum was used, including C. annuum (12), C. baccatum (3), C. chinense (2), and C. frutescens (1). More than 5000 crosses were made and over 1000 embryos were rescued in the present study. C. chinense performed as a good bridge species between C. annuum and C. baccatum, with the best results being obtained with the cross combination [C. baccatum (♀) × C. chinense (♂)] (♀) × C. annuum (♂), while C. frutescens gave poor results as bridge species due to strong prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. Virus-like-syndrome or dwarfism was observed in F1 hybrids when both C. chinense and C. frutescens were used as female parents. Regarding the ER strategy, the best response was found in C. annuum (♀) × C. baccatum (♂) crosses. First backcrosses to C. annuum (BC1s) were obtained according to the crossing scheme [C. annuum (♀) × C. baccatum (♂)] (♀) × C. annuum (♂) using ER. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed in relation to their application to breeding programmes. These results provide breeders with useful practical information for the regular utilization of the C. baccatum gene pool in C. annuum breeding. PMID:26642059

Influence of neck postural changes on cervical spine motion and angle during swallowing

PubMed Central

Kim, Jun Young; Hong, Jae Taek; Oh, Joo Seon; Jain, Ashish; Kim, Il Sup; Lim, Seong Hoon; Kim, Jun Sung

2017-01-01

Abstract Occipitocervical (OC) fixation in a neck retraction position could be dangerous due to the risk of postoperative dysphagia. No previous study has demonstrated an association between the cervical posture change and cervical spine motion/angle during swallowing. So, we aimed to analyze the influence of neck posture on the cervical spine motion and angle change during swallowing. Thirty-seven asymptomatic volunteers were recruited for participation this study. A videoflurographic swallowing study was performed in the neutral and retracted neck posture. We analyzed the images of the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing and compared the angle and the position changes of each cervical segment. In the neutral posture, C1 and C2 were flexed, while C5, C6, and C7 were extended. C3, C4, C5, C6, and C7 moved posteriorly. All cervical levels, except for C5, moved superiorly. In the retraction posture, C0 and C1 were flexed, while C6 was extended during swallowing. All cervical levels moved posteriorly. C1, C2, C3, and C4 moved superiorly. The comparison between 2 postures shows that angle change is significantly different between C0, C2, and C5. Posterior translation change is significantly different in the upper cervical spine (C0, C1, and C2) and C7. Superior movement is significantly different in C0. C0 segment is most significantly different between neutral and retraction posture in terms of angle and position change. These data suggest that C0 segment could be a critical level of compensation that allows swallowing even in the retraction neck posture regarding motion and angle change. So, it is important not to do OC fixation in retraction posture. Also, sparing C0 segment could provide some degree of freedom for the compensatory movement and angle change to avoid dysphagia after OC fixation. PMID:29137075

Study of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c} and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, H.-Y.; Hsiao, Y.-K.; Chua, C.-K.

2009-06-01

We study the doubly charmful two-body and three-body baryonic B decays B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -} and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K. As pointed out before, a naive estimate of the branching ratio O(10{sup -8}) for the latter decay is too small by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude compared to experiment. Previously, it has been shown that a large enhancement for the {lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K production can occur due to a charmoniumlike resonance (e.g. X(4630) discovered by Belle) with a mass near the {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c} threshold. Motivated by the BABAR's observation of a resonance in themore » {lambda}{sub c}K system with a mass of order 2930 MeV, we study in this work the contribution to B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K from the intermediate state {xi}{sub c}(2980) which is postulated to be a first positive-parity excited D-wave charmed baryon state. Assuming that a soft qq quark pair is produced through the {sigma} and {pi} meson exchanges in the configuration for B{yields}{xi}{sub c}(2980){lambda}{sub c} and {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}, it is found that branching ratios of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K and B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -} are of order 3.5x10{sup -4} and 5x10{sup -5}, respectively, in agreement with experiment except that the prediction for the {lambda}{sub c}{lambda}{sub c}K{sup -} is slightly smaller. In conjunction with our previous analysis, we conclude that the enormously large rate of B{yields}{lambda}{sub c}{sup +}{lambda}{sub c}{sup -}K arises from the resonances {xi}{sub c}(2980) and X(4630)« less

Recent progress in [11 C]carbon dioxide ([11 C]CO2 ) and [11 C]carbon monoxide ([11 C]CO) chemistry.

PubMed

Taddei, Carlotta; Gee, Antony D

2018-03-01

[ 11 C]Carbon dioxide ([ 11 C]CO 2 ) and [ 11 C]carbon monoxide ([ 11 C]CO) are 2 attractive precursors for labelling the carbonyl position (C═O) in a vast range of functionalised molecules (eg, ureas, amides, and carboxylic acids). The development of radiosynthetic methods to produce functionalised 11 C-labelled compounds is required to enhance the radiotracers available for positron emission tomography, molecular, and medical imaging applications. Following a brief summary of secondary 11 C-precursor production and uses, the review focuses on recent progress with direct 11 C-carboxylation routes with [ 11 C]CO 2 and 11 C-carbonylation with [ 11 C]CO. Novel approaches to generate [ 11 C]CO using CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), such as silacarboxylic acids and disilanes, applied to radiochemistry are described and compared with standard [ 11 C]CO production methods. These innovative [ 11 C]CO synthesis strategies represent efficient and reliable [ 11 C]CO production processes, enabling the widespread use of [ 11 C]CO chemistry within the wider radiochemistry community. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

40 CFR 180.1250 - C8, C10, and C12 fatty acid monoesters of glycerol and propylene glycol; exemption from the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false C8, C10, and C12 fatty acid monoesters..., C10, and C12 fatty acid monoesters of glycerol and propylene glycol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The C8, C10, and C12 straight-chain fatty acid monoesters of glycerol (glycerol...

40 CFR 180.1250 - C8, C10, and C12 fatty acid monoesters of glycerol and propylene glycol; exemption from the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false C8, C10, and C12 fatty acid monoesters..., C10, and C12 fatty acid monoesters of glycerol and propylene glycol; exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. The C8, C10, and C12 straight-chain fatty acid monoesters of glycerol (glycerol...

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specification

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specification C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of... Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Concentration Ranges..., June 22, 2010, table C-1 to subpart C was revised, effective Aug. 23, 2010. For the convenience of the...

The Abundance of SiC2 in Carbon Star Envelopes⋆: Evidence that SiC2 is a gas-phase precursor of SiC dust

PubMed Central

Massalkhi, Sarah; Agúndez, M.; Cernicharo, J.; Velilla Prieto, L.; Goicoechea, J. R.; Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Fonfría, J. P.; Alcolea, J.; Bujarrabal, V.

2017-01-01

Context Silicon carbide dust is ubiquitous in circumstellar envelopes around C-rich AGB stars. However, the main gas-phase precursors leading to the formation of SiC dust have not yet been identified. The most obvious candidates among the molecules containing an Si–C bond detected in C-rich AGB stars are SiC2, SiC, and Si2C. To date, the ring molecule SiC2 has been observed in a handful of evolved stars, while SiC and Si2C have only been detected in the C-star envelope IRC +10216. Aims We aim to study how widespread and abundant SiC2, SiC, and Si2C are in envelopes around C-rich AGB stars and whether or not these species play an active role as gas-phase precursors of silicon carbide dust in the ejecta of carbon stars. Methods We carried out sensitive observations with the IRAM 30m telescope of a sample of 25 C-rich AGB stars to search for emission lines of SiC2, SiC, and Si2C in the λ 2 mm band. We performed non-LTE excitation and radiative transfer calculations based on the LVG method to model the observed lines of SiC2 and to derive SiC2 fractional abundances in the observed envelopes. Results We detect SiC2 in most of the sources, SiC in about half of them, and do not detect Si2C in any source, at the exception of IRC +10216. Most of these detections are reported for the first time in this work. We find a positive correlation between the SiC and SiC2 line emission, which suggests that both species are chemically linked, the SiC radical probably being the photodissociation product of SiC2 in the external layer of the envelope. We find a clear trend in which the denser the envelope, the less abundant SiC2 is. The observed trend is interpreted as an evidence of efficient incorporation of SiC2 onto dust grains, a process which is favored at high densities owing to the higher rate at which collisions between particles take place. Conclusions The observed behavior of a decline in the SiC2 abundance with increasing density strongly suggests that SiC2 is an important gas-phase precursor of SiC dust in envelopes around carbon stars. PMID:29628518

Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. I. n-Decane (n-C10H22).

PubMed

Zhao, Long; Yang, Tao; Kaiser, Ralf I; Troy, Tyler P; Ahmed, Musahid; Belisario-Lara, Daniel; Ribeiro, Joao Marcelo; Mebel, Alexander M

2017-02-16

Exploiting a high temperature chemical reactor, we explored the pyrolysis of helium-seeded n-decane as a surrogate of the n-alkane fraction of Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) over a temperature range of 1100-1600 K at a pressure of 600 Torr. The nascent products were identified in situ in a supersonic molecular beam via single photon vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization coupled with a mass spectroscopic analysis of the ions in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ReTOF). Our studies probe, for the first time, the initial reaction products formed in the decomposition of n-decane-including radicals and thermally labile closed-shell species effectively excluding mass growth processes. The present study identified 18 products: molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), C2 to C7 1-alkenes [ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) to 1-heptene (C 7 H 14 )], C1-C3 radicals [methyl (CH 3 ), vinyl (C 2 H 3 ), ethyl (C 2 H 5 ), propargyl (C 3 H 3 ), allyl (C 3 H 5 )], small C1-C3 hydrocarbons [methane (CH 4 ), acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), allene (C 3 H 4 ), methylacetylene (C 3 H 4 )], along with higher-order reaction products [1,3-butadiene (C 4 H 6 ), 2-butene (C 4 H 8 )]. On the basis of electronic structure calculations, n-decane decomposes initially by C-C bond cleavage (excluding the terminal C-C bonds) producing a mixture of alkyl radicals from ethyl to octyl. These alkyl radicals are unstable under the experimental conditions and rapidly dissociate by C-C bond β-scission to split ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) plus a 1-alkyl radical with the number of carbon atoms reduced by two and 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6-, or 1,7-H shifts followed by C-C β-scission producing alkenes from propene to 1-octene in combination with smaller 1-alkyl radicals. The higher alkenes become increasingly unstable with rising temperature. When the C-C β-scission continues all the way to the propyl radical (C 3 H 7 ), it dissociates producing methyl (CH 3 ) plus ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). Also, at higher temperatures, hydrogen atoms can abstract hydrogen from C 10 H 22 to yield n-decyl radicals, while methyl (CH 3 ) can also abstract hydrogen or recombine with hydrogen to form methane. These n-decyl radicals can decompose via C-C-bond β-scission to C3 to C9 alkenes.

The Abundance of SiC2 in Carbon Star Envelopes: Evidence that SiC2 is a gas-phase precursor of SiC dust.

PubMed

Massalkhi, Sarah; Agúndez, M; Cernicharo, J; Velilla Prieto, L; Goicoechea, J R; Quintana-Lacaci, G; Fonfría, J P; Alcolea, J; Bujarrabal, V

2018-03-01

Silicon carbide dust is ubiquitous in circumstellar envelopes around C-rich AGB stars. However, the main gas-phase precursors leading to the formation of SiC dust have not yet been identified. The most obvious candidates among the molecules containing an Si-C bond detected in C-rich AGB stars are SiC 2 , SiC, and Si 2 C. To date, the ring molecule SiC 2 has been observed in a handful of evolved stars, while SiC and Si 2 C have only been detected in the C-star envelope IRC +10216. We aim to study how widespread and abundant SiC 2 , SiC, and Si 2 C are in envelopes around C-rich AGB stars and whether or not these species play an active role as gas-phase precursors of silicon carbide dust in the ejecta of carbon stars. We carried out sensitive observations with the IRAM 30m telescope of a sample of 25 C-rich AGB stars to search for emission lines of SiC 2 , SiC, and Si 2 C in the λ 2 mm band. We performed non-LTE excitation and radiative transfer calculations based on the LVG method to model the observed lines of SiC 2 and to derive SiC 2 fractional abundances in the observed envelopes. We detect SiC 2 in most of the sources, SiC in about half of them, and do not detect Si 2 C in any source, at the exception of IRC +10216. Most of these detections are reported for the first time in this work. We find a positive correlation between the SiC and SiC 2 line emission, which suggests that both species are chemically linked, the SiC radical probably being the photodissociation product of SiC 2 in the external layer of the envelope. We find a clear trend in which the denser the envelope, the less abundant SiC 2 is. The observed trend is interpreted as an evidence of efficient incorporation of SiC 2 onto dust grains, a process which is favored at high densities owing to the higher rate at which collisions between particles take place. The observed behavior of a decline in the SiC 2 abundance with increasing density strongly suggests that SiC 2 is an important gas-phase precursor of SiC dust in envelopes around carbon stars.

Electron induced ionization of plasma processing gases: C4F x (x  =  1–8) and the isomers of C4F6 and C4F8

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Dhanoj; Choi, Heechol; Kwon, Deuk-Chul; Yoon, Jung-Sik; Song, Mi-Young

2018-04-01

The total ionization cross section (Q ion) for C4F x (x  =  1–8) fluorocarbons and the isomers of C4F6 and C4F8 molecules are calculated from ionization threshold to 5 keV using the binary-encounter bethe method. The targets are fully optimized using the Hartree–Fock (HF) method and density function theory (DFT) for their minimum energy structure and orbital parameters. The present Q ion with HF parameters showed good agreement with the experimental data for 1,3-C4F6, 2-C4F6, 2-C4F8 and 1-C4F8. On the other hand, the Q ion with DFT parameters are in good accordance with the recent theoretical results for 1,3-C4F6 and 2-C4F6. The Q ion for c-C4F8 showed much variation among the various results. The isomer effect in Q ion is negligible for the isomers of C4F6 and C4F8 molecules. The calculation of Q ion for C4F, C4F2, C4F3, C4F4, C4F5, c-C4F6, C4F7 and iso-C4F8 is a maiden attempt. The present cross section data are important quantities for low temperature plasma modeling especially related to the fluorocarbon plasmas.

Platinum(II) 1,10-phenanthroline complexes of acetylides containing redox-active groups.

PubMed

Siemeling, Ulrich; Bausch, Kirstin; Fink, Heinrich; Bruhn, Clemens; Baldus, Marc; Angerstein, Brigitta; Plessow, Regina; Brockhinke, Andreas

2005-07-21

The new diimine ligand 3,8-di-n-pentyl-4,7-di(phenylethynyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (1) was used for the synthesis of a range of Pt(II) complexes, viz.[Pt(1)Cl2], [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)2], [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Fc)2] and [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-p-C6H4-C triple bond C-Fc)2](Fc = ferrocenyl). Crystal structure analyses were performed for [Pt(1)Cl2] and [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)2] and revealed that the di(acetylide)pi-tweezer of the latter binds a molecule of chloroform through C-H...pi hydrogen bonds. The redox and optical properties of 1 and its complexes were investigated by (spectro-)electrochemistry, UV-Vis and luminescence spectroscopy, and an energy level diagram was derived for [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Fc)2] and related compounds on the basis of the data collected. The ferrocenyl-substituted Pt(II) complexes are donor-sensitiser assemblies. Intramolecular quenching of the photoexcited Pt(II) diimine unit leads to very short luminescence lifetimes for [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-p-C(6)H(4)-C triple bond C-Fc)2](2 ns) and [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Fc)2](0.3 ns), as opposed to [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)2](0.7 micros). Excimer formation has been observed for [Pt(1)(C triple bond C-Ph)(2)] at room temperature in dichloromethane and at low temperatures in frozen glassy dichloromethane and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution, but not in the solid state.

Assessment of Ship Dynamics Programs for Possible Integration into the Integrated Ship Design System,

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-04-01

2- o o p. c 6- c Z.w s we It& 0 - % ol - 1. I "" td - 00 I !. 16•- ,. a zo0 0 IF,, C ,’+I , 1,,, " a’ 05 a c-h . ý 1 o U 00- 4c to : .- -a- - - W~ .0...C b,, b c C . (v •0 O IIII-:!*t _ - 4bD **.-D &IZal/ "a , -. ’. OaN c0 $aOZ ~U 0 - 0c V 0.C 06 x 0 c 0* 40f jat ) o I : to4a’ -" 0 c3 •-.1,- " c E, 1

Etching.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

4 - 0 2- G xC 0 .- 04.410Zt .0 f.-C 13-a U Z W:; LU OU SS 0 L = 0 . 6c C! tun a.- I- -. 4 *CZ=U K 0 2N 0 (3 A LWE’-0 Z W Z4 £C 0.C ?A C. V;, 4US CI US...z Q. cm -2 C’S *-D WX 4 an 0 N 4 W 0(A1 -O 0-C -C ZaW U. aNi x 400 C O CD0 0 00Ix - WA - C 0 0 C A. J -4 * 0-4 w~ aT L C M 0n N U- X ZOWO 2 %-0 IM

PIV Flow Field Measurements of Hovering Rotors with Leading Edge Protuberances

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-22

CP P/ R CP P / R CPi CP CP C / / CT T / R CP / CT / F M P /P M Nb P...c c c c c CT / ± . × CP / ± . × μ dt M b R Nb /Nb dt dt dt μ μ f c c c c c c c c T P CT CP T CT A R P CP A R A R R V r...ps x y Vp · dps × Vp · dps n n n Vpi · ps × Vpi · ps u u u/ u u u/ i i i CT / CP / CT / . CT / . F M CP / CP CT /

Postural Consequences of Cervical Sagittal Imbalance: A Novel Laboratory Model.

PubMed

Patwardhan, Avinash G; Havey, Robert M; Khayatzadeh, Saeed; Muriuki, Muturi G; Voronov, Leonard I; Carandang, Gerard; Nguyen, Ngoc-Lam; Ghanayem, Alexander J; Schuit, Dale; Patel, Alpesh A; Smith, Zachary A; Sears, William

2015-06-01

A biomechanical study using human spine specimens. To study postural compensations in lordosis angles that are necessary to maintain horizontal gaze in the presence of forward head posture and increasing T1 sagittal tilt. Forward head posture relative to the shoulders, assessed radiographically using the horizontal offset distance between the C2 and C7 vertebral bodies (C2-C7 [sagittal vertical alignment] SVA), is a measure of global cervical imbalance. This may result from kyphotic alignment of cervical segments, muscle imbalance, as well as malalignment of thoracolumbar spine. Ten cadaveric cervical spines (occiput-T1) were tested. The T1 vertebra was anchored to a tilting and translating base. The occiput was free to move vertically but its angular orientation was constrained to ensure horizontal gaze regardless of sagittal imbalance. A 5-kg mass was attached to the occiput to mimic head weight. Forward head posture magnitude and T1 tilt were varied and motions of individual vertebrae were measured to calculate C2-C7 SVA and lordosis across C0-C2 and C2-C7. Increasing C2-C7 SVA caused flexion of lower cervical (C2-C7) segments and hyperextension of suboccipital (C0-C1-C2) segments to maintain horizontal gaze. Increasing kyphotic T1 tilt primarily increased lordosis across the C2-C7 segments. Regression models were developed to predict the compensatory C0-C2 and C2-C7 angulation needed to maintain horizontal gaze given values of C2-C7 SVA and T1 tilt. This study established predictive relationships between radiographical measures of forward head posture, T1 tilt, and postural compensations in the cervical lordosis angles needed to maintain horizontal gaze. The laboratory model predicted that normalization of C2-C7 SVA will reduce suboccipital (C0-C2) hyperextension, whereas T1 tilt reduction will reduce the hyperextension in the C2-C7 segments. The predictive relationships may help in planning corrective strategy in patients experiencing neck pain, which may be attributed to sagittal malalignment. N/A.

Self-association and domain rearrangements between complement C3 and C3u provide insight into the activation mechanism of C3.

PubMed

Li, Keying; Gor, Jayesh; Perkins, Stephen J

2010-10-01

Component C3 is the central protein of the complement system. During complement activation, the thioester group in C3 is slowly hydrolysed to form C3u, then the presence of C3u enables the rapid conversion of C3 into functionally active C3b. C3u shows functional similarities to C3b. To clarify this mechanism, the self-association properties and solution structures of C3 and C3u were determined using analytical ultracentrifugation and X-ray scattering. Sedimentation coefficients identified two different dimerization events in both proteins. A fast dimerization was observed in 50 mM NaCl but not in 137 mM NaCl. Low amounts of a slow dimerization was observed for C3u and C3 in both buffers. The X-ray radius of gyration RG values were unchanged for both C3 and C3u in 137 mM NaCl, but depend on concentration in 50 mM NaCl. The C3 crystal structure gave good X-ray fits for C3 in 137 mM NaCl. By randomization of the TED (thioester-containing domain)/CUB (for complement protein subcomponents C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 1) domains in the C3b crystal structure, X-ray fits showed that the TED/CUB domains in C3u are extended and differ from the more compact arrangement of C3b. This TED/CUB conformation is intermediate between those of C3 and C3b. The greater exposure of the TED domain in C3u (which possesses the hydrolysed reactive thioester) accounts for the greater self-association of C3u in low-salt conditions. This conformational variability of the TED/CUB domains would facilitate their interactions with a broad range of antigenic surfaces. The second dimerization of C3 and C3u may correspond to a dimer observed in one of the crystal structures of C3b.

Increasing water use efficiency along the C3 to C4 evolutionary pathway: a stomatal optimization perspective.

PubMed

Way, Danielle A; Katul, Gabriel G; Manzoni, Stefano; Vico, Giulia

2014-07-01

C4 photosynthesis evolved independently numerous times, probably in response to declining atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but also to high temperatures and aridity, which enhance water losses through transpiration. Here, the environmental factors controlling stomatal behaviour of leaf-level carbon and water exchange were examined across the evolutionary continuum from C3 to C4 photosynthesis at current (400 μmol mol(-1)) and low (280 μmol mol(-1)) atmospheric CO2 conditions. To this aim, a stomatal optimization model was further developed to describe the evolutionary continuum from C3 to C4 species within a unified framework. Data on C3, three categories of C3-C4 intermediates, and C4 Flaveria species were used to parameterize the stomatal model, including parameters for the marginal water use efficiency and the efficiency of the CO2-concentrating mechanism (or C4 pump); these two parameters are interpreted as traits reflecting the stomatal and photosynthetic adjustments during the C3 to C4 transformation. Neither the marginal water use efficiency nor the C4 pump strength changed significantly from C3 to early C3-C4 intermediate stages, but both traits significantly increased between early C3-C4 intermediates and the C4-like intermediates with an operational C4 cycle. At low CO2, net photosynthetic rates showed continuous increases from a C3 state, across the intermediates and towards C4 photosynthesis, but only C4-like intermediates and C4 species (with an operational C4 cycle) had higher water use efficiencies than C3 Flaveria. The results demonstrate that both the marginal water use efficiency and the C4 pump strength increase in C4 Flaveria to improve their photosynthesis and water use efficiency compared with C3 species. These findings emphasize that the advantage of the early intermediate stages is predominantly carbon based, not water related. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Comparison of Cyclic Hysteresis Behavior between Cross-Ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC Ceramic-Matrix Composites

PubMed Central

Li, Longbiao

2016-01-01

In this paper, the comparison of cyclic hysteresis behavior between cross-ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) has been investigated. The interface slip between fibers and the matrix existed in the matrix cracking mode 3 and mode 5, in which matrix cracking and interface debonding occurred in the 0° plies are considered as the major reason for hysteresis loops of cross-ply CMCs. The hysteresis loops of cross-ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites corresponding to different peak stresses have been predicted using present analysis. The damage parameter, i.e., the proportion of matrix cracking mode 3 in the entire matrix cracking modes of the composite, and the hysteresis dissipated energy increase with increasing peak stress. The damage parameter and hysteresis dissipated energy of C/SiC composite under low peak stress are higher than that of SiC/SiC composite; However, at high peak stress, the damage extent inside of cross-ply SiC/SiC composite is higher than that of C/SiC composite as more transverse cracks and matrix cracks connect together. PMID:28787861

National Dam Inspection Program. Baggaley Dam. (NDI Number PA-00454, PennDER Number-65-10) Ohio River Basin, Indian Camp Run, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

o U)q) ) C o ’--I o 2m)U c = 00 -1 a o 4 0 r-4 C 0 o4.) -C)L 0 bo3 0Q) 4 S .) * -ObO -) "a ) - 4C )j 0 04- >4. = M.- Q C) Q) D a al~. 9)C) 4)a ) C)2. Q...Z1 ocacr. . 1 xm j. )( E- 2 9) . ,> ( 1 - - 4C 0 .1a () 4 CZ3 0 = > 0 C E bo to a 4 Lca A3 0- 0 (d 2 0 -4 o 00 (a C-) "-I wz X .4 0 0I X: 0 cc 1) E (UG4...C L (DU) 4)0L r-4 4C ~ ) 0 0 r.1 V 4 LO0U0 0dv 04) 40 V0.0 0 m cC -4 X V 4 c4.) 4.3 3 4) ) -q .) -f .4to V 41 4.) 02 0 C tv 0c c C .4) 0a 0 9) In-4 0

Mass spectra for q c q ¯ c ¯, s c s ¯ c ¯, q b q ¯ ¯, s b s ¯ ¯ tetraquark states with JP C=0++ and 2++

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Wei; Chen, Hua-Xing; Liu, Xiang; Steele, T. G.; Zhu, Shi-Lin

2017-12-01

We have studied the mass spectra of the hidden-charm/bottom q c q ¯c ¯, s c s ¯c ¯ and q b q ¯b ¯, s b s ¯b ¯ tetraquark states with JP C=0++ and 2++ in the framework of QCD sum rules. We construct ten scalar and four tensor interpolating currents in a systematic way and calculate the mass spectra for these tetraquark states. The X*(3860 ) may be either an isoscalar tetraquark state or χc 0(2 P ). If the X*(3860 ) is a tetraquark candidate, our results prefer the 0++ option over the 2++ one. The X (4160 ) may be classified as either the scalar or tensor q c q ¯c ¯ tetraquark state, while the X (3915 ) favors a 0++ q c q ¯c ¯ or s c s ¯c ¯ tetraquark assignment over the tensor one. The X (4350 ) cannot be interpreted as a s c s ¯c ¯ tetraquark with either JP C=0++ or 2++.

Comparison of Cyclic Hysteresis Behavior between Cross-Ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC Ceramic-Matrix Composites.

PubMed

Li, Longbiao

2016-01-19

In this paper, the comparison of cyclic hysteresis behavior between cross-ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) has been investigated. The interface slip between fibers and the matrix existed in the matrix cracking mode 3 and mode 5, in which matrix cracking and interface debonding occurred in the 0° plies are considered as the major reason for hysteresis loops of cross-ply CMCs. The hysteresis loops of cross-ply C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites corresponding to different peak stresses have been predicted using present analysis. The damage parameter, i.e. , the proportion of matrix cracking mode 3 in the entire matrix cracking modes of the composite, and the hysteresis dissipated energy increase with increasing peak stress. The damage parameter and hysteresis dissipated energy of C/SiC composite under low peak stress are higher than that of SiC/SiC composite; However, at high peak stress, the damage extent inside of cross-ply SiC/SiC composite is higher than that of C/SiC composite as more transverse cracks and matrix cracks connect together.

Interaction of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and its gemini homologue bis(cetyldimethylammonium)butane dibromide with xanthine oxidase.

PubMed

Mir, Mohammad Amin; Khan, Javed Masood; Khan, Rizwan Hasan; Dar, Aijaz Ahmad; Rather, Ghulam Mohammad

2012-05-17

The interaction of xanthine oxidase (XO), a key enzyme in purine metabolism, with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and bis(cetyldimethylammonium)butane dibromide (C16C4C16Br2) has been studied using tensiometry, spectrofluorometry, spectrophotometry, and circular dichroism at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. The tensiometric profiles of CTAB and C16C4C16Br2 in the presence of XO exhibit a single break at a lower surfactant concentration termed as C1 compared to their CMC in the buffered solution and show the existence of interaction between the surfactants and the enzyme. The results of the multitechnique approach showed that, although both CTAB as well as C16C4C16Br2 interact with the XO, C16C4C16Br2 interacts more strongly than its conventional single chain counterpart. Fluorescence and absorption measurements revealed that, compared to CTAB, C16C4C16Br2 is more effective in unfolding the enzyme. Change in XO activity by the surfactants was in concurrence with the structural alterations monitored by circular dichroism and showed structural stabilization of XO at higher surfactant concentrations, consistent with the aggregation results. This stabilization has been explained in light of strong tendency of C16C4C16Br2 for micellar growth and membrane/water stabilization of proteins by membrane-like fragments provided by higher concentrations of C16C4C16Br2 . The results are related to the stronger electrostatic and hydrophobic forces in C16C4C16Br2, owing to the presence of two charged headgroups and two hydrophobic tails.

Determination of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species in various food matrices by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS2).

PubMed

Zhou, Li; Zhao, Minjie; Ennahar, Saïd; Bindler, Françoise; Marchioni, Eric

2012-04-01

A liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS(2)) method has been developed for determination of the molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in four food matrices (soy, egg yolk, ox liver, and krill oil). The extraction and purification method consisted of a pressurized liquid extraction procedure for total lipid (TL) extraction, purification of phospholipids (PLs) by adsorption on a silica gel column, and separation of PL classes by semi-preparative normal-phase HPLC. Separation and identification of PE molecular species were performed by reversed-phase HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(2)). Methanol containing 5 mmol L(-1) ammonium formate was used as the mobile phase. A variety of PE molecular species were detected in the four food matrices. (C16:0-C18:2)PE, (C18:2-C18:2)PE, and (C16:0-C18:1)PE were the major PE molecular species in soy. Egg yolk PE contained (C16:0-C18:1)PE, (C18:0-C18:1)PE, (C18:0-C18:2)PE, and (C16:0-C18:2)PE as the major molecular species. Ox liver PE was rich in the species (C18:0-C18:1)PE, (C18:0-C20:4)PE, and (C18:0-C18:2)PE. Finally, krill oil which was particularly rich in (C16:0(alkyl)-C22:6(acyl))plasmanylethanolamine (PakE), (C16:0-C22:6)PE, and (C16:0-C20:5)PE, seemed to be an interesting potential source for supplementation of food with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.

SPiRiT Scoring Through Self-Assessment Charrettes

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

Continued) 0 Max 17 5.C5 Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control 1 5.C6 Controllability of Systems 2 5.C7 Thermal Comfort 2 5.C8...Pollutant Source Control 1 5.C6 Controllability of Systems 2 5.C7 Thermal Comfort 2 5.C8 Daylight and Views 2 5.C9 Acoustic Environment...1 5.C6 Controllability of Systems 2 5.C7 Thermal Comfort 2 5.C8 Daylight and Views 2 5.C9 Acoustic Environment /Noise Control 1 5

15 CFR 740.20 - License Exception Strategic Trade Authorization (STA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Exception STA may not be used for any item controlled by ECCN 1C351.a, .b, .c, d.11, .d.12 or .e, ECCNs 1C352, 1C353, 1C354, 1C360, 1E001 (i.e., for technology, as specified in ECCN 1E001, for items controlled by ECCN 1C351.a, .b, .c, .d.11, .d.12 or .e or ECCNs 1C352, 1C353, 1C354 or 1C360) or ECCN 1E351...

15 CFR 740.20 - License Exception Strategic Trade Authorization (STA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Exception STA may not be used for any item controlled by ECCN 1C351.a, .b, .c, d.11, .d.12 or .e, ECCNs 1C352, 1C353, 1C354, 1C360, 1E001 (i.e., for technology, as specified in ECCN 1E001, for items controlled by ECCN 1C351.a, .b, .c, .d.11, .d.12 or .e or ECCNs 1C352, 1C353, 1C354 or 1C360) or ECCN 1E351...

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place, FY 88. Part 9. (Giusti & Renshaw Construction-Hitachi America, Ltd.)

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

0000000000000-4-4 00 C-0 C- 0 0 Mol040 9L0 I c0N IW00000000110N00O X"- wo Ci 0 izo-4 ( 0KI o WI(0ON 0 0 C4 C-C-C-C-C-C-C-L9CC-0 C-I.- OC- 0 C-LI 0001...I r- r- rl r- r- o to V -* q1t v -4 -9t -4 Ln Ln Ln Ln 0 1 wotn< I N N C,4 N -4 Ln Ln -4 V 14 -4 -4 -4 00 Lf) U) Ul) Ln I CO a c) 1 -4 04 0) -e 0) tD

Accumulation of organic C components in soil and aggregates

PubMed Central

Yu, Hongyan; Ding, Weixin; Chen, Zengming; Zhang, Huanjun; Luo, Jiafa; Bolan, Nanthi

2015-01-01

To explore soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation mechanisms, the dynamics of C functional groups and macroaggregation were studied synchronously through aggregate fractionation and 13C NMR spectroscopy in sandy loam soil following an 18-year application of compost and fertilizer in China. Compared with no fertilizer control, both compost and fertilizer improved SOC content, while the application of compost increased macroaggregation. Fertilizer application mainly increased the levels of recalcitrant organic C components characterized by methoxyl/N-alkyl C and alkyl C, whereas compost application mainly promoted the accumulation of methoxyl/N-alkyl C, phenolic C, carboxyl C, O-alkyl C and di-O-alkyl C in bulk soil. The preferential accumulation of organic C functional groups in aggregates depended on aggregate size rather than nutrient amendments. These groups were characterized by phenolic C and di-O-alkyl C in the silt + clay fraction, carboxyl C in microaggregates and phenolic C, carboxyl C and methoxyl/N-alkyl C in macroaggregates. Thus, the differences in accumulated organic C components in compost- and fertilizer-amended soils were primarily attributable to macroaggregation. The accumulation of methoxyl/N-alkyl C in microaggregates effectively promoted macroaggregation. Our results suggest that organic amendment rich in methoxyl/N-alkyl C effectively improved SOC content and accelerated macroaggregation in the test soil. PMID:26358660

Ciscoes (Coregonus, subgenus Leucichthys) of the Laurentian Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Eshenroder, Randy L.; Vecsei, Paul; Gorman, Owen T.; Yule, Daniel; Pratt, Thomas C.; Mandrak, Nicholas E.; Bunnell, David B.; Muir, Andrew M.

2016-01-01

This study of the ciscoes (Coregonus, subgenus Leucichthys) of the Great Lakes and Lake Nipigon represents a furtherance through 2015 of field research initiated by Walter Koelz in 1917 and continued by Stanford Smith in the mid-1900s—a period spanning nearly a century. Like Koelz’s study, this work contains information on taxonomy, geographical distribution, ecology, and status of species (here considered forms). Of the seven currently recognized forms (C. artedi, C. hoyi, C. johannae, C. kiyi, C. nigripinnis, C. reighardi, and C. zenithicus) described by Koelz as major in his 1929 monograph, two (C. johannae and C. reighardi) are extinct. In addition, C. alpenae, described by Koelz but subsequently synonymized with C. zenithicus, although extinct, is recognized as valid making a total of eight major forms. Six of these forms, all but C. artedi and C. hoyi, have been lost from Lake Michigan, and seven have been lost from Lake Huron, leaving in Lake Huron only C. artedi and an introgressed deepwater form that we term a hybrid swarm. C. artedi appears, like its sister form C. alpenae, to have been lost from Lake Erie. Only C. artedi remains extant in Lake Ontario, its three sister forms (C. hoyi, C. kiyi, and C. reighardi) having disappeared long ago.Lakes Superior and Nipigon have retained their original species flocks consisting of four forms each: C. artedi, C. hoyi, and C. zenithicus in both lakes; C. kiyi in Lake Superior; and C. nigripinnis in Lake Nipigon. Morphological deviations from the morphotypes described by Koelz have been modest in contemporary samples. Overall, C. kiyi and C. artedi were the most morphologically stable forms while C. hoyi, C. nigripinnis, and C. zenithicus were the least stable. Although contemporary populations of C. artedi from Lakes Michigan and Huron are highly diverged from the morphotypes described by Koelz, the contemporary samples were of undescribed deep-bodied forms unlikely to have been sampled by Koelz because of their association with bays. Of the two intact species flocks, Lake Nipigon’s was much less stable morphologically than Lake Superior’s even though Lake Nipigon is far less disturbed. Two priorities for research are determining the role of developmental plasticity in morphological divergence, especially within C. zenithicus of Lake Superior, and the basis for morphological divergence in C. artedi.

The shape of the Sc2(μ2-S) unit trapped in C82: crystallographic, computational, and electrochemical studies of the isomers, Sc2(μ2-S)@C(s)(6)-C82 and Sc2(μ2-S)@C(3v)(8)-C82.

PubMed

Mercado, Brandon Q; Chen, Ning; Rodríguez-Fortea, Antonio; Mackey, Mary A; Stevenson, Steven; Echegoyen, Luis; Poblet, Josep M; Olmstead, Marilyn M; Balch, Alan L

2011-05-04

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82)·Ni(II)(OEP)·2C(6)H(6) and Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(3v)(8)-C(82)·Ni(II)(OEP)·2C(6)H(6) reveal that both contain fully ordered fullerene cages. The crystallographic data for Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82)·Ni(II)(OEP)·2C(6)H(6) show two remarkable features: the presence of two slightly different cage sites and a fully ordered molecule Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82) in one of these sites. The Sc-S-Sc angles in Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82) (113.84(3)°) and Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(3v)(8)-C(82) differ (97.34(13)°). This is the first case where the nature and structure of the fullerene cage isomer exerts a demonstrable effect on the geometry of the cluster contained within. Computational studies have shown that, among the nine isomers that follow the isolated pentagon rule for C(82), the cage stability changes markedly between 0 and 250 K, but the C(s)(6)-C(82) cage is preferred at temperatures ≥250 °C when using the energies obtained with the free encapsulated model (FEM). However, the C(3v)(8)-C(82) cage is preferred at temperatures ≥250 °C using the energies obtained by rigid rotor-harmonic oscillator (RRHO) approximation. These results corroborate the fact that both cages are observed and likely to trap the Sc(2)(μ(2)-S) cluster, whereas earlier FEM and RRHO calculations predicted only the C(s)(6)-C(82) cage is likely to trap the Sc(2)(μ(2)-O) cluster. We also compare the recently published electrochemistry of the sulfide-containing Sc(2)(μ(2)-S)@C(s)(6)-C(82) to that of corresponding oxide-containing Sc(2)(μ(2)-O)@C(s)(6)-C(82). © 2011 American Chemical Society

The polymorphism of CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene and susceptibility to respiratory system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 studies.

PubMed

Xu, Li; Yang, Mingyuan; Zhao, Tiejun; Jin, Hai; Xu, Zhiyun; Li, Ming; Chen, Hezhong

2014-12-01

The purpose of this articles is to determine whether the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism is correlated with respiratory system cancers. Respiratory system cancers included lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and cancers of other respiratory organs, which are the most common malignant tumors worldwide; the significant relationship between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism and some respiratory system cancer have been reported, but results of some other studies are controversial. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the association. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database (up to July 20, 2014) were searched for all case-control studies those mainly studied the relationship between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of respiratory system cancer. A total of 332 articles were collected, among which 34 studies that involved 7028 cases and 9822 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria after being assessed by 2 reviewers. When stratified by cancer site, the C2/C2 polymorphism could increase the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer under the homozygote model (C2C2 vs C1C1: OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.20-2.85, P = 0.005) and recessive model (C2C2 vs C1C2/C1C1: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.23-2.89, P = 0.003). Protection effect was found in lung cancer in heterozygote model (C1C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.74-0.91, P < 0.001), dominant model (C1C2/C2C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.76-0.90, P < 0.001), and allele contrast model (C2 vs C1: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.73-1.00, P = 0.045). With regard to ethnicity subgroup analysis, there was significant association in Asian population in heterozygote model (C1C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78-0.94, P = 0.001), dominant model (C1C2/C2C2 vs C1C1: OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.95, P = 0.001), and recessive model (C2C2 vs C1C2/C1C1: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01-1.53, P = 0.036). CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I gene polymorphism may reduce the risk of respiratory system cancer. Furthermore, significant association was also found in Asian populations.

Effects of HCM cTnI Mutation R145G on Troponin Structure and Modulation by PKA Phosphorylation Elucidated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

PubMed Central

Lindert, Steffen; Cheng, Yuanhua; Kekenes-Huskey, Peter; Regnier, Michael; McCammon, J. Andrew

2015-01-01

Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a key molecule in the regulation of human cardiac muscle contraction. The N-terminal cardiac-specific peptide of the inhibitory subunit of troponin, cTnI (cTnI1-39), is a target for phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) during β-adrenergic stimulation. We recently presented evidence indicating that this peptide interacts with the inhibitory peptide (cTnl137–147) when S23 and S24 are phosphorylated. The inhibitory peptide is also the target of the point mutation cTnI-R145G, which is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease associated with sudden death in apparently healthy young adults. It has been shown that both phosphorylation and this mutation alter the cTnC-cTnI (C-I) interaction, which plays a crucial role in modulating contractile activation. However, little is known about the molecular-level events underlying this modulation. Here, we computationally investigated the effects of the cTnI-R145G mutation on the dynamics of cTn, cTnC Ca2+ handling, and the C-I interaction. Comparisons were made with the cTnI-R145G/S23D/S24D phosphomimic mutation, which has been used both experimentally and computationally to study the cTnI N-terminal specific effects of PKA phosphorylation. Additional comparisons between the phosphomimic mutations and the real phosphorylations were made. For this purpose, we ran triplicate 150 ns molecular dynamics simulations of cTnI-R145G Ca2+-bound cTnC1-161-cTnI1-172-cTnT236-285, cTnI-R145G/S23D/S24D Ca2+-bound cTnC1-161-cTnI1-172-cTnT236-285, and cTnI-R145G/PS23/PS24 Ca2+-bound cTnC1-161-cTnI1-172-cTnT236-285, respectively. We found that the cTnI-R145G mutation did not impact the overall dynamics of cTn, but stabilized crucial Ca2+-coordinating interactions. However, the phosphomimic mutations increased overall cTn fluctuations and destabilized Ca2+ coordination. Interestingly, cTnI-R145G blunted the intrasubunit interactions between the cTnI N-terminal extension and the cTnI inhibitory peptide, which have been suggested to play a crucial role in modulating troponin function during β-adrenergic stimulation. These findings offer a molecular-level explanation for how the HCM mutation cTnI-R145G reduces the modulation of cTn by phosphorylation of S23/S24 during β-adrenergic stimulation. PMID:25606687

Effects of HCM cTnI mutation R145G on troponin structure and modulation by PKA phosphorylation elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Lindert, Steffen; Cheng, Yuanhua; Kekenes-Huskey, Peter; Regnier, Michael; McCammon, J Andrew

2015-01-20

Cardiac troponin (cTn) is a key molecule in the regulation of human cardiac muscle contraction. The N-terminal cardiac-specific peptide of the inhibitory subunit of troponin, cTnI (cTnI(1-39)), is a target for phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) during β-adrenergic stimulation. We recently presented evidence indicating that this peptide interacts with the inhibitory peptide (cTnl(137-147)) when S23 and S24 are phosphorylated. The inhibitory peptide is also the target of the point mutation cTnI-R145G, which is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a disease associated with sudden death in apparently healthy young adults. It has been shown that both phosphorylation and this mutation alter the cTnC-cTnI (C-I) interaction, which plays a crucial role in modulating contractile activation. However, little is known about the molecular-level events underlying this modulation. Here, we computationally investigated the effects of the cTnI-R145G mutation on the dynamics of cTn, cTnC Ca(2+) handling, and the C-I interaction. Comparisons were made with the cTnI-R145G/S23D/S24D phosphomimic mutation, which has been used both experimentally and computationally to study the cTnI N-terminal specific effects of PKA phosphorylation. Additional comparisons between the phosphomimic mutations and the real phosphorylations were made. For this purpose, we ran triplicate 150 ns molecular dynamics simulations of cTnI-R145G Ca(2+)-bound cTnC(1-161)-cTnI(1-172)-cTnT(236-285), cTnI-R145G/S23D/S24D Ca(2+)-bound cTnC(1-161)-cTnI(1-172)-cTnT(236-285), and cTnI-R145G/PS23/PS24 Ca(2+)-bound cTnC(1-161)-cTnI(1-172)-cTnT(236-285), respectively. We found that the cTnI-R145G mutation did not impact the overall dynamics of cTn, but stabilized crucial Ca(2+)-coordinating interactions. However, the phosphomimic mutations increased overall cTn fluctuations and destabilized Ca(2+) coordination. Interestingly, cTnI-R145G blunted the intrasubunit interactions between the cTnI N-terminal extension and the cTnI inhibitory peptide, which have been suggested to play a crucial role in modulating troponin function during β-adrenergic stimulation. These findings offer a molecular-level explanation for how the HCM mutation cTnI-R145G reduces the modulation of cTn by phosphorylation of S23/S24 during β-adrenergic stimulation. Copyright © 2015 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ionospheric Correction Using Two-Frequency Measurements

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-08-25

Instead of 385 km LCWi-I-l CENS3TY SA1EI IFAvlfCTCFY IS^.’JC flHZ PANCE 330«.92 3117.18 2929.60 27U2.37 2C.55.76 2370.11 2185-8...1734.22 1912.C9 2C93.19 2276.60 2461.68 2 647.91 2834.94 ;C22.45 3210.22 DELTA PANCE C.4036 C.4024 C.3979 C.3898 C.3781 C.3629 C.3444

The interstellar chemistry of C3H and C3H2 isomers

PubMed Central

Loison, Jean-Christophe; Agúndez, Marcelino; Wakelam, Valentine; Roueff, Evelyne; Gratier, Pierre; Marcelino, Núria; Nuñez Reyes, Dianailys; Cernicharo, José; Gerin, Maryvonne

2017-01-01

We report the detection of linear and cyclic isomers of C3H and C3H2 towards various starless cores and review the corresponding chemical pathways involving neutral (C3Hx with x=1,2) and ionic (C3Hx+ with x = 1,2,3) isomers. We highlight the role of the branching ratio of electronic Dissociative Recombination (DR) reactions of C3H2+ and C3H3+ isomers showing that the statistical treatment of the relaxation of C3H* and C3H2* produced in these DR reactions may explain the relative c,l-C3H and c,l-C3H2 abundances. We have also introduced in the model the third isomer of C3H2 (HCCCH). The observed cyclic-to-linear C3H2 ratio vary from 110 ± 30 for molecular clouds with a total density around 1×104 molecules.cm-3 to 30 ± 10 for molecular clouds with a total density around 4×105 molecules.cm-3, a trend well reproduced with our updated model. The higher ratio for low molecular cloud densities is mainly determined by the importance of the H + l-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 and H + t-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 isomerization reactions. PMID:29142332

The interstellar chemistry of C3H and C3H2 isomers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loison, Jean-Christophe; Agúndez, Marcelino; Wakelam, Valentine; Roueff, Evelyne; Gratier, Pierre; Marcelino, Núria; Reyes, Dianailys Nuñez; Cernicharo, José; Gerin, Maryvonne

2017-10-01

We report the detection of linear and cyclic isomers of C3H and C3H2 towards various starless cores and review the corresponding chemical pathways involving neutral (C3Hx with x = 1,2) and ionic (C3Hx+ with x = 1,2,3) isomers. We highlight the role of the branching ratio of electronic dissociative recombination (DR) reactions of C3H2+ and C3H3+ isomers, showing that the statistical treatment of the relaxation of C3H* and C3H2* produced in these DR reactions may explain the relative c,l-C3H and c,l-C3H2 abundances. We have also introduced in the model the third isomer of C3H2 (HCCCH). The observed cyclic-to-linear C3H2 ratio varies from 110 ± 30 for molecular clouds with a total density of about 1 × 104 molecules cm-3 to 30 ± 10 for molecular clouds with a total density of about 4 × 105 molecules cm-3, a trend well reproduced with our updated model. The higher ratio for molecular clouds with low densities is determined mainly by the importance of the H + l-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 and H + t-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 isomerization reactions.

RasC is required for optimal activation of adenylyl cyclase and Akt/PKB during aggregation.

PubMed

Lim, C J; Spiegelman, G B; Weeks, G

2001-08-15

Disruption of Dictyostelium rasC, encoding a Ras subfamily protein, generated cells incapable of aggregation. While rasC expression is enriched in a cell type-specific manner during post-aggregative development, the defect in rasC(-) cells is restricted to aggregation and fully corrected by application of exogenous cAMP pulses. cAMP is not produced in rasC(-) cells stimulated by 2'-deoxy-cAMP, but is produced in response to GTPgammaS in cell lysates, indicating that G-protein-coupled cAMP receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase is regulated by RasC. However, cAMP-induced ERK2 phosphorylation is unaffected in rasC(-) cells, indicating that RasC is not an upstream activator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase required for cAMP relay. rasC(-) cells also exhibit reduced chemotaxis to cAMP during early development and delayed response to periodic cAMP stimuli produced by wild-type cells in chimeric mixtures. Furthermore, cAMP-induced Akt/PKB phosphorylation through a phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway is dramatically reduced in rasC(-) cells, suggesting that G-protein-coupled serpentine receptor activation of PI3K is regulated by RasC. Cells lacking the RasGEF, AleA, exhibit similar defects as rasC(-) cells, suggesting that AleA may activate RasC.

C3 Polymorphism Influences Circulating Levels of C3, ASP and Lipids in Schizophrenic Patients.

PubMed

Nsaiba, Mohamed Jalloul; Lapointe, Marc; Mabrouk, Hajer; Douki, Wahiba; Gaha, Lotfi; Pérusse, Louis; Bouchard, Claude; Jrad, Besma Bel Hadj; Cianflone, Katherine

2015-05-01

Excessive activation of complement is associated with many diseases including schizophrenia. Investigation of C3 polymorphisms, circulating C3, cleavage product ASP/C3adesArg, and lipid metabolism. Cross-sectional analysis. C3 genotyping (CC vs GG for R102L) was performed on 434 Tunisian people consisting of 272 schizophrenic (SZ) patients and 162 control subjects. In a age- and gender-matched subgroups of the three genotypes (131 SZ and 112 NOR), plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol (C), LDL-C, HDL-C, ASP, and complement C3 were measured. C3 gene polymorphism influences BMI and plasma C3, ASP, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C among SZ patients (p < 0.05-0.0001), with increasing values demonstrated from CC (common form) to CG (heterozygote form) to GG (rare homozygote) forms. Significant correlations between plasma C3 and BMI, triglyceride, HDL-C and ASP (p < 0.05-0.0001) were observed, while ASP correlated with BMI and LDL-C (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, respectively) in SZ patients. Further, proportional conversion of C3 to ASP (%ASP/C3) also increased (p < 0.0001, GG>CG>CC). C3 polymorphisms and plasma C3, ASP and %ASP/C3 correlated with lipid parameters in this SZ population, suggesting that factors predisposing patients to schizophrenia are permissive for complement pathway activation and dyslipidemic influences.

Mesophyll cells of C4 plants have fewer chloroplasts than those of closely related C3 plants.

PubMed

Stata, Matt; Sage, Tammy L; Rennie, Troy D; Khoshravesh, Roxana; Sultmanis, Stefanie; Khaikin, Yannay; Ludwig, Martha; Sage, Rowan F

2014-11-01

The evolution of C(4) photosynthesis from C(3) ancestors eliminates ribulose bisphosphate carboxylation in the mesophyll (M) cell chloroplast while activating phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylation in the cytosol. These changes may lead to fewer chloroplasts and different chloroplast positioning within M cells. To evaluate these possibilities, we compared chloroplast number, size and position in M cells of closely related C(3), C(3) -C(4) intermediate and C(4) species from 12 lineages of C(4) evolution. All C(3) species had more chloroplasts per M cell area than their C(4) relatives in high-light growth conditions. C(3) species also had higher chloroplast coverage of the M cell periphery than C(4) species, particularly opposite intercellular air spaces. In M cells from 10 of the 12 C(4) lineages, a greater fraction of the chloroplast envelope was pulled away from the plasmalemma in the C(4) species than their C(3) relatives. C(3) -C(4) intermediate species generally exhibited similar patterns as their C(3) relatives. We interpret these results to reflect adaptive shifts that facilitate efficient C(4) function by enhancing diffusive access to the site of primary carbon fixation in the cytosol. Fewer chloroplasts in C(4) M cells would also reduce shading of the bundle sheath chloroplasts, which also generate energy required by C(4) photosynthesis. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

On the interplay between Si(110) epilayer atomic roughness and subsequent 3C-SiC growth direction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khazaka, Rami; Michaud, Jean-François; Vennéguès, Philippe; Nguyen, Luan; Alquier, Daniel; Portail, Marc

2016-11-01

In this contribution, we performed the growth of a 3C-SiC/Si/3C-SiC layer stack on a Si(001) substrate by means of chemical vapor deposition. We show that, by tuning the growth conditions, the 3C-SiC epilayer can be grown along either the [111] direction or the [110] direction. The key parameter for the growth of the desired 3C-SiC orientation on the Si(110)/3C-SiC(001)/Si(001) heterostructure is highlighted and is linked to the Si epilayer surface morphology. The epitaxial relation between the layers has been identified using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We showed that, regardless of the top 3C-SiC epilayer orientation, domains rotated by 90° around the growth direction are present in the epilayer. Furthermore, the difference between the two 3C-SiC orientations was investigated by means of high magnification TEM. The results indicate that the faceted Si(110) epilayer surface morphology results in a (110)-oriented 3C-SiC epilayer, whereas a flat hetero-interface has been observed between 3C-SiC(111) and Si(110). The control of the top 3C-SiC growth direction can be advantageous for the development of new micro-electro-mechanical systems.

The role of C2-C7 and O-C2 angle in the development of dysphagia after cervical spine surgery.

PubMed

Tian, Wei; Yu, Jie

2013-06-01

Dysphagia is a known complication of cervical surgery and may be prolonged or occasionally serious. A previous study showed that dysphagia after occipitocervical fusion was caused by oropharyngeal stenosis resulting from O-C2 (upper cervical lordosis) fixation in a flexed position. However, there have been few reports analyzing the association between the C2-C7 angle (middle-lower cervical lordosis) and postoperative dysphagia. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cervical lordosis and the development of dysphagia after anterior and posterior cervical spine surgery (AC and PC). Three hundred fifty-four patients were reviewed in this retrospective clinical study, including 172 patients who underwent the AC procedure and 182 patients who had the PC procedure between June 2007 and May 2010. The presence and duration of postoperative dysphagia were recorded via face-to-face questioning or telephone interview performed at least 1 year after the procedure. Plain cervical radiographs before and after surgery were collected. The O-C2 angle and the C2-C7 angle were measured. Changes in the O-C2 angle and the C2-C7 angle were defined as dO-C2 angle = postoperative O-C2 angle - preoperative O-C2 angle and dC2-C7 angle = postoperative C2-C7 angle - preoperative C2-C7 angle. The association between postoperative dysphagia with dO-C2 angle and dC2-C7 angle was studied. Results showed that 12.8 % of AC and 9.4 % of PC patients reported dysphagia after cervical surgery. The dC2-C7 angle has considerable impact on postoperative dysphagia. When the dC2-C7 angle is greater than 5°, the chance of developing postoperative dysphagia is significantly greater. The dO-C2 angle, age, gender, BMI, operative time, blood loss, procedure type, revision surgery, most cephalic operative level, and number of operative levels did not significantly influence the incidence of postoperative dysphagia. No relationship was found between the dC2-C7 angle and the degree of dysphagia. We conclude that postoperative dysphagia is common after cervical surgery. The dC2-C7 angle may play an important role in the development of dysphagia in both anterior and posterior cervical spine surgery. Intraoperative measurement of the dC2-C7 angle is practical and essential in avoiding inadvertent postoperative dysphagia.

Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1973-1974 of the Chief, National Guard Bureau

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-01-01

El -jS C (« " u Ü ■= O Ct3 E03 >.3 O C 3 « m’ «g« am i^^ Q c. w 9Z IP ao re o c t re ui tn « c S re< u)£ ill- c rat ■ c 0! I n... el c c ro o rö o0- tl C31 in 0) sill E Q E ro 03 £ CO i m £ 0! QJ ■D C 03 3 o 5 oipo I 5^ 5 Q 0) (U 03 C •& JK...fit»« 0) « CO El <c^ ■en a _ 73 cö co Q sz c £ ~ b b OTi- cuO o II nil < %* co 2 5 co ’D s; o co £ O c i il llii t u. < Ü

Dysfunctional C8 beta chain in patients with C8 deficiency.

PubMed

Tschopp, J; Penea, F; Schifferli, J; Späth, P

1986-12-01

Two sera from unrelated individuals, each lacking C8 activity, were examined by Western blot analysis. Using antisera raised against whole C8, the two sera are shown to lack the C8 beta chain, indicating a C8 beta deficiency, which is frequently observed in cases of dysfunctional C8. In contrast, by means of a specific anti-C8-beta antiserum, a C8 beta-like polypeptide chain of apparently identical molecular weight compared to normal C8 beta was detected. Digestion of normal and dysfunctional C8 beta with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease revealed distinct differences in the enzymatic digestion pattern. We conclude that the dysfunction in the C8 protein in these two patients resides in the dysfunctional C8 beta chain, and that this form of C8 deficiency is distinct from C8 deficiencies previously reported, in which one or both C8 subunits are lacking.

The series of carbon-chain complexes {Ru(dppe)Cp*}₂{μ-(C≡C )x} (x = 4–8, 11): Synthesis, structures, properties and some reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruce, Michael I.; Cole, Marcus L.; Ellis, Benjamin G.

The construction of a series of compounds {Ru(dppe)Cp*} 2(μ-C 2x) (Ru*-C2x-Ru*, x = 4–8, 11)) is described. A direct reaction between RuCl(dppe)Cp* and Me 3Si(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 4SiMe 3 afforded Ru*-C8-Ru* in 89% yield. The Pd(0)/Cu(I)-catalysed coupling of Ru{Ctriple bond; length of mdashCCtriple bond; length of mdashCAu(PPh 3)}(dppe)Cp*Ru*-C4-Au (2 equiv.) with diiodoethyne gave Ru*-C10-Ru* (64%), or of 1 equiv. with I(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 3I gave Ru*-C14-Ru* (36%); similarly, Ru{(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 4Au(PPh 3)}(dppe)Cp*Ru*-C8-Au and I(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 3I gave Ru*-C22-Ru* (12%). Desilylation (TBAF) of Ru{(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC)xSiMe 3}(dppe)Cp*Ru*-C2x-Si (x =more » 3, 4) followed by oxidative coupling [Cu(OAc) 2/py] gave Ru*-C12-Ru* (82%) and Ru*-C16-Ru* (58%), respectively. Similar oxidative coupling of Ru(Ctriple bond; length of mdashCCtriple bond; length of mdashCH)(dppe)Cp* was a second route to Ru*-C8-Ru* (82%). Appropriate precursors are already known, or obtained by coupling of Ru*-C2x-Si (x = 2, 4) with AuCl(PPh 3)/NaOMe [Ru*-C4-Au, 95%; Ru*-C8-Au, 74%] or from Pd(0)/Cu(I) catalysed coupling of Ru*-C2x-Au (x = 2, 3) with I(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 2SiMe 3 (Ru*-C8-Si, 64%; Ru*-C10-Si, 2%). Reactions between Ru*-C2x-Ru* (x = 3, 4) and Fe 2(CO) 9 gave {Fe 3(CO) 9}{μ 3-CCtriple bond; length of mdashC[Ru(dppe)Cp*]} 2Fe(C 3-Ru*) 2 and {Fe 3(CO) 9}{μ 3-CCtriple bond; length of mdashC[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}{μ 3-C(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 2[Ru(dppe)Cp*]} Fe(C 3-Ru*)(C 5-Ru*), respectively. The redox properties of the series of complexes with 2x = 2–16 were measured and showed a diminution of the separation of the first two oxidation potentials, ΔE = E 2 - E 1, with increasing carbon chain length. The X-ray-determined molecular structures of Ru*-C8-Si, Ru*-C8-Ru*, Ru*-C14-Ru* (two C 6H 6 solvates), {Ru(PPh 3) 2Cp} 2{μ-(Ctriple bond; length of mdashC) 4}·4CHCl 3Ru-C 8-Ru·4CHCl 3 and of Fe(C 3-Ru*) 2 and Fe(C 3-Ru*)(C 5-Ru*) are reported.« less

Role of IKK-alpha in EGFR Signaling Regulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

correlated with IKKα expression using CCLE. Nonsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis was performed based on Erbb2, ERα ( ESR1 ), PR (PgR...signature (ERBB2, ESR1 , and PGR) genes. A subset of 4 genes showing distinct expression pattern in TNBC versus non-TNBC cell lines is shown in the...AKT2 AKT3 CDH1 MYB CDH2 VIM ERBB2 ESR1 PGR H C C 11 87 C A L- 85 -1 H C C 11 43 H D Q -P 1 C A L- 51 H C C 38 H C C 21 57 C A L- 12 0 B T- 54 9 H C C

COPPERHEAD Operational Performance Evaluation (COPE): Computer Program User and Analyst Manual.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

I - ft N C * % S C.󈧬 4 ft - 2 4 4 0. 44 ft 2 -J 𔃾- OIl . ft...C CDD)( A - 4 I < 4- 0 C) C LUV ) I < C)(. I -L =L I - >C) =~ LU;- CU "-. I -7 CiWC n Li u <E m C) mw. vi tl <LU ~J 0- C-W CI- CD C)0 Li0 ( 0 C-j C- Li w...creating a new TAPL II; when PREPMS is modifying an 14-1 Initlaii..-eand uperl f i 1,- oil TAPE 11 ,L ,, Ittempt to read Print "Creation Run" Pj_, N P C

Innovator. A Financial Expert System

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

M )M 3lz 4 Ot.-l di- : C 4) -n M Vi’~ M d)Vi - 3 c 0 Z"nc - 10. Z CO. Of(L C 0. cxCL4 - (1 a~. 4- C a ra. C at 0. ff Cr. COx4L z -> n" C C L 0 E L o Lm...C -x/UI L %. . Ix/U a. 4- w 0 1 . %- U L . 4 - a . 4 x- w a. . % x- u a0 D 0.~x w a2 C - . n C- a. (L 0 CXCL4 - C L C 0 I Q. M . %-CMI L4 C.- O

High Latitude Ionospheric Radio Studies.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

AL’TOSCI.ED RES.LTS BY A.R.TL!.S.T. LLCAR OCT 83 S11U2, 2393 :1::’L- 𔃽 -1 5 2 42 !) 1 ? 7 2 2 5.1 10* rOF2 70FI bIIF H’F2 103M ~ WIN :OES W’V -- !I 5.6...4C > % V) L C-C) CC) CCC CC) C C CCD C)CD CD C) C)D CD (CDCC) C)D CDC) CD LC DCD (D C ),C C D DA rH H-4H H I I I HCD CD HHH HH IC DC)CDCD C -A - Ir

Major alterations in transcript profiles between C3-C4 and C4 photosynthesis of an amphibious species Eleocharis baldwinii.

PubMed

Chen, Taiyu; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Lin, Yongjun

2014-09-01

Engineering C4 photosynthetic metabolism into C3 crops is regarded as a major strategy to increase crop productivity, and clarification of the evolutionary processes of C4 photosynthesis can help the better use of this strategy. Here, Eleocharis baldwinii, a species in which C4 photosynthesis can be induced from a C3-C4 state under either environmental or ABA treatments, was used to identify the major transcriptional modifications during the process from C3-C4 to C4. The transcriptomic comparison suggested that in addition to the major differences in C4 core pathway, the pathways of glycolysis, citrate acid metabolism and protein synthesis were dramatically modified during the inducement of C4 photosynthetic states. Transcripts of many transporters, including not only metabolite transporters but also ion transporters, were dramatically increased in C4 photosynthetic state. Many candidate regulatory genes with unidentified functions were differentially expressed in C3-C4 and C4 photosynthetic states. Finally, it was indicated that ABA, auxin signaling and DNA methylation play critical roles in the regulation of C4 photosynthesis. In summary, by studying the different photosynthetic states of the same species, this work provides the major transcriptional differences between C3-C4 and C4 photosynthesis, and many of the transcriptional differences are potentially related to C4 development and therefore are the potential targets for reverse genetics studies.

46 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) Guaranty Form [Form 68

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... [Form 68] C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS... Ocean Transportation Intermediaries Pt. 515, Subpart C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515—Ocean... and the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998 (“1984 Act”) (46 U.S.C. 40101-41309) and the rules and...

46 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) Guaranty Form [Form 68

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... [Form 68] C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS... Ocean Transportation Intermediaries Pt. 515, Subpart C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515—Ocean... and the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998 (“1984 Act”) (46 U.S.C. 40101-41309) and the rules and...

46 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) Guaranty Form [Form 68

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... [Form 68] C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS... Ocean Transportation Intermediaries Pt. 515, Subpart C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515—Ocean... and the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998 (“1984 Act”) (46 U.S.C. 40101-41309) and the rules and...

46 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) Guaranty Form [Form 68

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... [Form 68] C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS... Ocean Transportation Intermediaries Pt. 515, Subpart C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515—Ocean... and the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998 (“1984 Act”) (46 U.S.C. 40101-41309) and the rules and...

46 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - Ocean Transportation Intermediary (OTI) Guaranty Form [Form 68

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... [Form 68] C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515 Shipping FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION REGULATIONS... Ocean Transportation Intermediaries Pt. 515, Subpart C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 515—Ocean... and the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 1998 (“1984 Act”) (46 U.S.C. 40101-41309) and the rules and...

7 CFR Exhibit C to Subpart C of... - Checklist of Visual Exhibits and Documentation for RRH, RCH, and LH Proposals

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RRH, RCH, and LH Proposals C Exhibit C to Subpart C of Part 1924 Agriculture Regulations of the... REPAIR Planning and Performing Site Development Work Pt. 1924, Subpt. C, Exh. C Exhibit C to Subpart C of... the required information will be sufficient. C. Property Survey Map. A current survey map of the...

Dehydrogenation reactions of cyclic C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12) and C(4)BNH(12) isomers.

PubMed

Matus, Myrna H; Liu, Shih-Yuan; Dixon, David A

2010-02-25

The energetics for different dehydrogenation pathways of C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12) and C(4)BNH(12) cycles were calculated at the B3LYP/DGDZVP2 and G3(MP2) levels with additional calculations at the CCSD(T)/complete basis set level. The heats of formation of the different isomers were calculated from the G3(MP2) relative energies and the heats of formation of the most stable isomers of c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(6), c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12), and c-C(4)BNH(12) at the CCSD(T)/CBS including additional corrections together with the previously reported value for c-C(4)BNH(6). Different isomers were analyzed for c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(x) and c-C(4)BNH(x) (x = 6 and 12), and the most stable cyclic structures were those with C-C-B-N-B-N and C-C-C-C-B-N sequences, respectively. The energetics for the stepwise loss of three H(2) were predicted, and the most feasible thermodynamic pathways were found. Dehydrogenation of the lowest energy c-C(2)B(2)N(2)H(12) isomer (6-H(12)) is almost thermoneutral with DeltaH(3dehydro) = 3.4 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/CBS level and -0.6 kcal/mol at the G3(MP2) level at 298 K. Dehydrogenation of the lowest energy c-C(4)BNH(12) isomer (7-H(12)) is endothermic with DeltaH(3dehydro) = 27.9 kcal/mol at the CCSD(T)/CBS level and 23.5 kcal/mol at the G3(MP2) level at 298 K. Dehydrogenation across the B-N bond is more favorable as opposed to dehydrogenation across the B-C, N-C, and C-C bonds. Resonance stabilization energies in relation to that of benzene are reported as are NICS NMR chemical shifts for correlating with the potential aromatic character of the rings.

Biomechanical analysis comparing three C1-C2 transarticular screw salvaging fixation techniques.

PubMed

Elgafy, Hossein; Potluri, Tejaswy; Goel, Vijay K; Foster, Scott; Faizan, Ahmad; Kulkarni, Nikhil

2010-02-15

This is an in vitro biomechanical study. To compare the biomechanical stability of the 3 C1-C2 transarticular screw salvaging fixation techniques. Stabilization of the atlantoaxial complex is a challenging procedure because of its complicated anatomy. Many posterior stabilization techniques of the atlantoaxial complex have been developed with C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation been the current gold standard. The drawback of using the transarticular screws is that it has a potential risk of vertebral artery injury due to a high riding transverse foramen of C2 vertebra, and screw malposition. In such cases, it is not recommended to proceed with inserting the contralateral transarticular screw and the surgeon should find an alternative to fix the contralateral side. Many studies are available comparing different atlantoaxial stabilization techniques, but none of them compared the techniques to fix the contralateral side while using the transarticular screw on one side. The current options are C1 lateral mass screw and short C2 pedicle screw or C1 lateral mass screw and C2 intralaminar screw, or C1-C2 sublaminar wire. Nine fresh human cervical spines with intact ligaments (C0-C4) were subjected to pure moments in the 6 loading directions. The resulting spatial orientations of the vertebrae were recorded using an Optotrak 3-dimensional Motion Measurement System. Measurements were made sequentially for the intact spine after creating type II odontoid fracture and after stabilization with unilateral transarticular screw placement across C1-C2 (TS) supplemented with 1 of the 3 transarticular salvaging techniques on the contralateral side; C1 lateral mass screw and C2 pedicle screw (TS+C1LMS+C2PS), C1 lateral mass and C2 intralaminar screw (TS+C1LMS+C2ILS), or sublaminar wire (TS + wire). The data indicated that all the 3 stabilization techniques significantly decreased motion when compared to intact in all the loading cases (left/right lateral bending, left/right axial rotation, flexion) except extension. All the 3 instrumented specimens were equally stable in extension/flexion and lateral bending modes. TS+C1LMS+C2PS was equivalent to TS+C1LMS+C2ILS (P > 0.05) and superior to TS + wire in axial rotation (P < 0.05). Also, TS+C1LMS+C2ILS was superior to TS + wire in axial rotation (P < 0.05). Fixation of atlantoaxial complex using unilateral transarticular screw supplemented with contralateral C1 lateral mass and C2 intralaminar screws is biomechanically equivalent to C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screws and both are biomechanically superior to C1-C2 sublaminar wire in axial rotation.

Mammalian Toxicological Evaluation of DIMP and DCPD. Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

0r Daa r DaC ) -Cý C D C) 0 C) (n 0 0) %.C u 0 U Q CL Waa I- 41-1 .. ) D C 0 CU-ICj CD c ) &W 0" U ) C3 00 (.) 0 :I.- IU)L ODW w CZ -.jL r.c CD0 CO...AU 06. HO - 7-. -En -7ZL. .ZO.50 0 0 C% r- C00 M. H H a rNH CD ) (D r- Cjc 03 C H H CJ cqH *H tNNNN’ 1. 1 . 00O-1 N;6c*rý - +1 0-0 rt%% al c0C +1 +1+1...Zu w U) 0. Nr tvmvW4 tO r D- , C U-U U- 0nmC ’m A I0* i -6. I- -O! CJC - 0 U V0 cuD 0 S ul. m >0. mD 0.0 IC-D, ~ ...I 0.o ,r . lr TO-W-f. f 0ro coN *o

Benzene Adsorption on C24, Si@C24, Si-Doped C24, and C20 Fullerenes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baei, Mohammad T.

2017-12-01

The absorption feasibility of benzene molecule in the C24, Si@C24, Si-doped C24, and C20 fullerenes has been studied based on calculated electronic properties of these fullerenes using Density functional Theory (DFT). It is found that energy of benzene adsorption on C24, Si@C24, and Si-doped C24 fullerenes were in range of -2.93 and -51.19 kJ/mol with little changes in their electronic structure. The results demonstrated that the C24, Si@C24, and Si-doped C24 fullerenes cannot be employed as a chemical adsorbent or sensor for benzene. Silicon doping cannot significantly modify both the electronic properties and benzene adsorption energy of C24 fullerene. On the other hand, C20 fullerene exhibits a high sensitivity, so that the energy gap of the fullerene is changed almost 89.19% after the adsorption process. We concluded that the C20 fullerene can be employed as a reliable material for benzene detection.

Novel Peak Assignments of in Vivo 13C MRS in Human Brain at 1.5 T

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blüml, Stefan; Hwang, Jong-Hee; Moreno, Angel; Ross, Brian D.

2000-04-01

13C MRS studies at natural abundance and after intravenous 1-13C glucose infusion were performed on a 1.5-T clinical scanner in four subjects. Localization to the occipital cortex was achieved by a surface coil. In natural abundance spectra glucose C3β,5β, myo-inositol, glutamate C1,2,5, glutamine C1,2,5, N-acetyl-aspartate C1-4,Cdbnd O, creatine CH2, CH3, and CCdbnd N, taurine C2,3, bicarbonate HCO-3 were identified. After glucose infusion 13C enrichment of glucose C1α,1β, glutamate C1-4, glutamine C1-4, aspartate C2,3, N-acetyl-aspartate C2,3, lactate C3, alanine C3, and HCO-3 were observed. The observation of 13C enrichment of resonances resonating at >150 ppm is an extension of previously published studies and will provide a more precise determination of metabolic rates and substrate decarboxylation in human brain.

Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp as a highly active and stable catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation

DOE PAGES

Lin, Lili; Sheng, Wenchao; Yao, Siyu; ...

2017-02-09

Here, a Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp electrocatalyst with optimized Pt-Mo 2C chemical bonding is synthesized and evaluated for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The chemical bonding of Mo 2C to Pt particles renders exceptional EOR activity at low potentials, which is 15 and 2.5 times higher than Pt/C and commercial 40% PtRu/C, respectively, at 0.6 V (vs. RHE). The stability of the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp electrocatalyst is comparable to the commercial 40% PtRu/C catalyst. CO stripping test demonstrates the existence of highly active sites for CO oxidation on the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp catalyst. In-situ infrared spectroscopic studies of EOR reveal that the excellent anti-poisoningmore » ability of the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp catalyst is related to the relatively weak binding of carbonyl intermediates over the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp catalysts.« less

Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp as a highly active and stable catalyst for ethanol electrooxidation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Lili; Sheng, Wenchao; Yao, Siyu

Here, a Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp electrocatalyst with optimized Pt-Mo 2C chemical bonding is synthesized and evaluated for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The chemical bonding of Mo 2C to Pt particles renders exceptional EOR activity at low potentials, which is 15 and 2.5 times higher than Pt/C and commercial 40% PtRu/C, respectively, at 0.6 V (vs. RHE). The stability of the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp electrocatalyst is comparable to the commercial 40% PtRu/C catalyst. CO stripping test demonstrates the existence of highly active sites for CO oxidation on the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp catalyst. In-situ infrared spectroscopic studies of EOR reveal that the excellent anti-poisoningmore » ability of the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp catalyst is related to the relatively weak binding of carbonyl intermediates over the Pt/Mo 2C/C-cp catalysts.« less

The effect of tempering and aging on a low activation martensitic steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffin, R. D.; Dodd, R. A.; Kulcinski, G. L.; Gelles, D. S.

1990-07-01

Tempering and aging studies were carried out on a martensitic stainless steel which was designed to have reduced long-life activation after exposure to neutrons. Nickel, molybdenum, and niobium additions were restricted in these low activation alloys. The composition of the steel in weight percent was 12 pct Cr, 0.1 pct C, 0.3 pct V, 0.9 pct W, 6.4 pct Mn, and 0.1 pct Si, where manganese is used to stabilize the steel against delta ferrite and tungsten is used for tempering resistance. The tempering conditions studied were 2 hours at 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C and 24 hours at 500 °C and 700 °C. The steel was aged for 1000 and 5000 hours at 365 °C, 420 °C, 520 °C, and 600 °C. Microhardness, optical metallography, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the samples. The results indicated that the Ac1 in this steel lies between 700 °C and 800 °C. During the 2-hour tempers at 400 °C and 500 °C, M3C formed. After 24 hours at 500 °C, the M3C was starting to be replaced by M23C6. At higher tempering temperatures and in all the aged samples, M23C6 was the only carbide found. A manganese-rich chi phase was also seen in the samples aged at 420 °C and 520 °C.

The A31P missense mutation in cardiac myosin binding protein C alters protein structure but does not cause haploinsufficiency.

PubMed

van Dijk, Sabine J; Bezold Kooiker, Kristina; Mazzalupo, Stacy; Yang, Yuanzhang; Kostyukova, Alla S; Mustacich, Debbie J; Hoye, Elaine R; Stern, Joshua A; Kittleson, Mark D; Harris, Samantha P

2016-07-01

Mutations in MYBPC3, the gene encoding cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C), are a major cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). While most mutations encode premature stop codons, missense mutations causing single amino acid substitutions are also common. Here we investigated effects of a single proline for alanine substitution at amino acid 31 (A31P) in the C0 domain of cMyBP-C, which was identified as a natural cause of HCM in cats. Results using recombinant proteins showed that the mutation disrupted C0 structure, altered sensitivity to trypsin digestion, and reduced recognition by an antibody that preferentially recognizes N-terminal domains of cMyBP-C. Western blots detecting A31P cMyBP-C in myocardium of cats heterozygous for the mutation showed a reduced amount of A31P mutant protein relative to wild-type cMyBP-C, but the total amount of cMyBP-C was not different in myocardium from cats with or without the A31P mutation indicating altered rates of synthesis/degradation of A31P cMyBP-C. Also, the mutant A31P cMyBP-C was properly localized in cardiac sarcomeres. These results indicate that reduced protein expression (haploinsufficiency) cannot account for effects of the A31P cMyBP-C mutation and instead suggest that the A31P mutation causes HCM through a poison polypeptide mechanism that disrupts cMyBP-C or myocyte function. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Direct Detection of Stereospecific Soman Hydrolysis by Wild-Type Human Serum Paraoxonase

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

was used as Tc = (Ao/VmaA)(1 - (C/Co)( Kmc /KwA)(VmaxA/Vmac)) the carrier gas at a linear velocity of 45 crns-1. The oven + (B0/VmaxB)(1 - (C/Co)( Kmc ...KmB)(VmaxB/Vm.c)) temperature was held initially at 80 ’C for 14 min, pro- + (Co/Vmac)(1 - (C/Co)( Kmc / Kmc )(Vm.c/Vmac)) grammed from 80 to 90 ’C at 5...oC’min-1, and held at + (DO/VmaD)(1 - (C/Co)(K.C/KmD)(Vm.D1/V.aC)) 90 ’C for 3 min. Split injections of 1 tiL volume were made ( Kmc /VmaxC) Log(C/Co

Influence of helium atoms on the shear behavior of the fiber/matrix interphase of SiC/SiC composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Enze; Du, Shiyu; Li, Mian; Liu, Chen; He, Shihong; He, Jian; He, Heming

2016-10-01

Silicon carbide has many attractive properties and the SiC/SiC composite has been considered as a promising candidate for nuclear structural materials. Up to now, a computational investigation on the properties of SiC/SiC composite varying in the presence of nuclear fission products is still missing. In this work, the influence of He atoms on the shear behavior of the SiC/SiC interphase is investigated via Molecular Dynamics simulation following our recent paper. Calculations are carried out on three dimensional models of graphite-like PyC/SiC interphase and amorphous PyC/SiC interphase with He atoms in different regions (the SiC region, the interface region and the PyC region). In the graphite-like PyC/SiC interphase, He atoms in the SiC region have little influence on the shear strength of the material, while both the shear strength and friction strength may be enhanced when they are in the PyC region. Low concentration of He atoms in the interface region of the graphite-like PyC/SiC interphase increases the shear strength, while there is a reduction of shear strength when the He concentration is high due to the switch of sliding plane. In the amorphous PyC/SiC interphase, He atoms can cause the reduction of the shear strength regardless of the regions that He atoms are located. The presence of He atoms may significantly alter the structure of SiC/SiC in the interface region. The influence of He atoms in the interface region is the most significant, leading to evident shear strength reduction of the amorphous PyC/SiC interphase with increasing He concentration. The behaviors of the interphases at different temperatures are studied as well. The dependence of the shear strengths of the two types of interphases on temperatures is studied as well. For the graphite-like PyC/SiC interphase, it is found strongly related to the regions He atoms are located. Combining these results with our previous study on pure SiC/SiC system, we expect this work may provide new insight into the mechanism of interphase evolution when SiC/SiC is applied as nuclear materials.

Ion-molecule reactions relevant to Titan's ionosphere.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McEwan, M. J.; Scott, G. B. I.; Anicich, V. G.

1998-02-01

Twenty four new ion-molecule reactions are presented for inclusion in the modeling of the ionosphere of Saturn's satellite Titan. Sixteen reactions were re-examined to reduce uncertainties in the previous literature results. In this study the authors have examined the reactions of N+ and N2+ with CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, HCN, CH2CHCN and HC3N; the reaction of N+ with CH3CN; the reactions of C3H5+ with CH4, C2H2 C2H4, C2H6, H2, HCN, HC3N and CH2CHCN; the reactions of C2N2+ with C2H2; C2H2+ and C2N2; C2H4 with C2H3+, C2H4+, CHCCNH+, and HC5N+; HCNH+ with C2H6; C3H6+ with C3H6; HCN with C2H6+, C3H6+, c-C3H6+, C2N2+ and NO+; N2 with C2H2+ and C2H5+; C2H4+ and HC3N. The ions selected for this study were derived either from nitrogen, appropriate hydrocarbons or nitriles. The reactant neutrals were selected on the basis of their known presence in Titan's atmosphere. The reaction products are consistent with the expected increase in ion size through ion-molecule reaction processing. Data are also presented for the reactions of 23 ions with molecular nitrogen. Almost all of these ions are unreactive with N2.

Evidence of shift in C4 species range in central Argentina during the late Holocene

USGS Publications Warehouse

Silva, L.C.R.; Giorgis, M.A.; Anand, M.; Enrico, L.; Perez-Harguindeguy, N.; Falczuk, V.; Tieszen, L.L.; Cabido, M.

2011-01-01

AimMillennial-scale biogeographic changes are well understood in many parts of the world, but little is known about long-term vegetation dynamics in subtropical regions. Here we investigate shifts in C3/C4 plant abundance occurred in central Argentina during the past few millenniaMethodsWe determined present day soil organic matter δ13C signatures of grasslands, shrublands and woodlands, containing different mixtures of C3 and C4 plants. We measured past changes in the relative cover of C3/C4 plants by comparing δ13C values in soil profiles with present day δ13C signatures. We analyzed 14C activity in soil depths that showed major changes in vegetation.ResultsPresent day relative cover of C3/C4 plants determines whole ecosystem δ13C signatures integrated as litter and superficial soil organic matter (R2 = 0.78; p < 0.01). Deeper soils show a consistent shift in δ13C, indicating a continuous replacement of C4 by C3 plants since 3,870 (±210) YBP. During this period, the relative abundance of C3 plants increased 32% (average across sites) with significant changes being observed in all studied ecosystems.ConclusionsOur results show that C4 species were more abundant in the past, but C3 species became dominant during the late Holocene. We identified increases in the relative C3/C4 cover in grasslands, shrublands and woodlands, suggesting a physiological basis for changes in vegetation. The replacement of C4 by C3 plants coincided with changes in climate towards colder and wetter conditions and could represent a climatically driven shift in the C4 species optimum range.

[Quantifying rice (Oryza sativa L.) photo-assimilated carbon input into soil organic carbon pools following continuous 14C labeling].

PubMed

Nie, San-An; Zhou, Ping; Ge, Ti-Da; Tong, Cheng-Li; Xiao, He-Ai; Wu, Jin-Shui; Zhang, Yang-Zhu

2012-04-01

The microcosm experiment was carried out to quantify the input and distribution of photo-assimilated C into soil C pools by using a 14C continuous labeling technique. Destructive samplings of rice (Oryza sativa) were conducted after labeling for 80 days. The allocation of 14C-labeled photosynthates in plants and soil C pools such as dissolved organic C (DOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC) in rice-planted soil were examined over the 14C labeling span. The amounts of rice shoot and root biomass C was ranged from 1.86 to 5.60 g x pot(-1), 0.46 to 0.78 g x pot(-1) in different tested paddy soils after labeling for 80 days, respectively. The amount of 14C in the soil organic C (14C-SOC) was also dependent on the soils, ranged from 114.3 to 348.2 mg x kg(-1), accounting for 5.09% to 6.62% of the rice biomass 14C, respectively. The amounts of 14C in the dissolved organic C (14C-DOC) and in the microbial biomass C(14C-MBC), as proportions of 14C-SOC, were 2.21%-3.54% and 9.72% -17.2%, respectively. The 14C-DOC, 14C-MBC, and 14C-SOC as proportions of total DOC, MBC, and SOC, respectively, were 6.72% -14.64%, 1.70% -7.67%, and 0.73% -1.99%, respectively. Moreover, the distribution and transformation of root-derived C had a greater influence on the dynamics of DOC and MBC than on the dynamics of SOC. Further studies are required to ascertain the functional significance of soil microorganisms (such as C-sequestering bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria) in the paddy system.

Orientation of Myosin Binding Protein C in the Cardiac Muscle Sarcomere Determined by Domain-Specific Immuno-EM

PubMed Central

Lee, Kyounghwan; Harris, Samantha P.; Sadayappan, Sakthivel; Craig, Roger

2014-01-01

Myosin binding protein-C is a thick filament protein of vertebrate striated muscle. The cardiac isoform (cMyBP-C) is essential for normal cardiac function, and mutations in cMyBP-C cause cardiac muscle disease. The rod-shaped molecule is composed primarily of 11 immunoglobulin- or fibronectin-like domains, and is located at 9 sites, 43 nm apart, in each half of the A-band. To understand how cMyBP-C functions, it is important to know its structural organization in the sarcomere, as this will affect its ability to interact with other sarcomeric proteins. Several models have been proposed, in which cMyBP-C wraps around, extends radially from, or runs axially along the thick filament. Our goal was to define cMyBP-C orientation by determining the relative axial positions of different cMyBP-C domains. Immuno-electron microscopy was performed using mouse cardiac myofibrils labeled with antibodies specific to the N- and C-terminal domains and to the middle of cMyBP-C. Antibodies to all regions of the molecule, except the C-terminus, labeled at the same nine axial positions in each half A-band, consistent with a circumferential and/or radial rather than an axial orientation of the bulk of the molecule. The C-terminal antibody stripes were slightly displaced axially, demonstrating an axial orientation of the C-terminal 3 domains, with the C-terminus closer to the M-line. These results, combined with previous studies, suggest that the C-terminal domains of cMyBP-C run along the thick filament surface, while the N-terminus extends towards neighboring thin filaments. This organization provides a structural framework for understanding cMyBP-C’s modulation of cardiac muscle contraction. PMID:25451032

25 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C - Relative Need Distribution Factor

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

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25 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C - Relative Need Distribution Factor

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

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25 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C - Relative Need Distribution Factor

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

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25 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C - Relative Need Distribution Factor

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

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25 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C - Relative Need Distribution Factor

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

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Microwave Acoustics Handbook. Volume 4. Bulk Wave Velocities-Numerical Data.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

p .00 * a* *~ Ol r4 000a1 .C e e0 0 C ~ armC aeC PSFCU NU . FPS WF w N C ’O’ w N 0 0 It1 P SNF .4.64 *.4 F7 N P C L *- P U NF L 6 .184 * ff .UULUFUJ...1010 10 7.7.N𔃽f3.7.s 34.3.3.3.3 U5 IL I 4 0 * 0t * t ** * t ** *7 * * . A 7)..00a00UN03 . f7 ) UN7.030*4 30 .4 *000 4m 0 M 3.0 030a. w tr 300a, a,7M 7... acca :00 C0 0 0 w l . r C O r . C t. . C=c c t r a r a e C N .4 *0 NNONU’ C’ 0’C N 4* P 00£.4.40 N 40’ N NU . 4w C N ’ O . N 4 N C ’t C U lo. ’ U

Dynamic Sequence Assignment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

ISEF;,, YE 5) SET NXT ENTRYIN PLANTO EF RESE LATH DEFENSETOhION ET REET E CNTRON L TO E. FIND EST PS TO THIS DEFENSE ’DEF’UPDATE PS OF THIS LOCATION... cNc 8p & iin Ik - -4 C- coj C4 GoC "p c C4 tnS ’Io V4~ en *1-4C .44 0800 * .. ; J knccC C4>4- 1Sc C4 C4A xll 00 % .... ***~***M******B13 6 . -0 4 )V

40 CFR Table C-3 to Subpart C of... - Test Specifications for Pb in TSP and Pb in PM10 Methods

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pb in PM10 Methods C Table C-3 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. C, Table C-3 Table C-3 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Specifications for Pb in TSP and Pb in PM10 Methods Table C-3 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Specifications for Pb in TSP and Pb in PM10 Methods...

Molecular Connections between Arousal and Metabolic Disease: Orexin and Modafinil

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

t r o l ( c - F o s I R c e l l s ) PVT c-Fos Expression Control Choc.-conditioned 0 100 200 300 400 500 * % o f C o...n t r o l ( c - F o s I R c e l l s ) VTA c-Fos Expression Control Choc.-conditio 0 100 200 300 * % o f C o n t r o l ( c - F o s I R c e...l l s ) NAcc c-Fos Expression Control

40 CFR Table C-3 to Subpart C of... - Test Specifications for Pb in TSP and Pb in PM10 Methods

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pb in PM10 Methods C Table C-3 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. C, Table C-3 Table C-3 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Specifications for Pb in TSP and Pb in PM10 Methods Table C-3 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Specifications for Pb in TSP and Pb in PM10 Methods...

Iminopropadienones RN=C=C=C=O and bisiminopropadienes RN=C=C=C=NR: Matrix infrared spectra and anharmonic frequency calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bégué, Didier; Baraille, Isabelle; Andersen, Heidi Gade; Wentrup, Curt

2013-10-01

Methyliminopropadienone MeN=C=C=C=O 1a was generated by flash vacuum thermolysis from four different precursors and isolated in solid argon. The matrix-isolation infrared spectrum is dominated by unusually strong anharmonic effects resulting in complex fine structure of the absorptions due to the NCCCO moiety in the 2200 cm-1 region. Doubling and tripling of the corresponding absorption bands are observed for phenyliminopropadienone PhN=C=C=C=O 1b and bis(phenylimino)propadiene PhN=C=C=C=NPh 9, respectively. Anharmonic vibrational frequency calculations allow the identification of a number of overtones and combination bands as the cause of the splittings for each molecule. This method constitutes an important tool for the characterization of reactive intermediates and unusual molecules by matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy.

Instrumentation for Detecting Hazardous Materials.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

CATALOG NUMBER 1940-4)_ _ _ _ _ _ 4. TITLE (,.d Subtitle) _ JVE OF r , AL*3O.[OYE_ D .- / Final ; , .. P - 4^NSTRUtENTAT ION FOR DETECTING HAZARDOUS...CL a D- 4- a ... E - 0US m -i M r i US U Ci 0 Ui . Ci C) Ci. 4.. 9* Ci0 44. 4-S i C U i 5U - . ’- -) 0 C- c -CiOZ E 0 04 CiC C’ - E-.0 m N 4- 10 m E4...1 z 0 - C)4 -4 54-1 C)) 04Q). 0U $4i 4I - 40. U a) 0)U r -H 0) -a 0r- u 1-- 1% 4J ( C.) 4 0 0 4~J >1) C) r ’ (0 4 T - -4 U) C C) 0 *- C)0 - 4 f 04 C) C

Heteroleptic Cycloplatinated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A New Approach to Highly Efficient Blue-Light Emitters.

PubMed

Fuertes, Sara; Chueca, Andrés J; Arnal, Lorenzo; Martín, Antonio; Giovanella, Umberto; Botta, Chiara; Sicilia, Violeta

2017-05-01

New heteroleptic compounds of platinum(II)-containing cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbenes, [PtCl(R-C^C*)(PPh 3 )] [R-CH^C*-κC* = 3-methyl-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene (R-C = Naph; 1A), 1-[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene (R = CO 2 Et; 1B), and [Pt(R-C^C*)(py)(PPh 3 )]PF 6 (py = pyridine; R-C = Naph, 2A; R = CO 2 Et, 2B], have been prepared and fully characterized. All of them were obtained as the trans-(C*,PPh 3 ) isomer in high yields. The selectivity of their synthesis has been explained in terms of the degree of transphobia (T) of pairs of ligands in trans positions. X-ray diffraction studies on both 2A and 2B revealed that only in 2A, containing a C^C* with a more extended π system, do the molecules assemble themselves into head-to-tail pairs through intermolecular π···π contacts. The photophysical properties of 2A and 2B and those of the related compounds [Pt(NC-C^C*)(PPh 3 )L]PF 6 [NC-CH^C*-κC* = 1-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene; L = pyridine (py; 2C), 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide (CNXyl; 3C), and 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMI; 4C)] have been examined to analyze the influence of the R substituent on R-C^C* (R-C = Naph; R = CO 2 Et, CN) and that of the ancillary ligands (L) on them. Experimental data and time-dependent density functional theory calculations showed the similarity of the electronic features associated with R-C^C* (R = CN, CO 2 Et) and their difference with respect to R-C^C* (R-C = Naph). All of the compounds are very efficient blue emitters in poly(methyl methacrylate) films under an argon atmosphere, with QY values ranging from 68% (2B) to 93% (2C). In the solid state, the color of the emission changes to yellowish-orange for compounds 2A (λ max = 600 nm) and 3C (λ max = 590 nm) because of the formation of aggregates through intermolecular π···π interactions. 2C and 3C were chosen to fabricate fully solution-processed electroluminescent devices with blue-light (2C), yellow-orange-light (3C), and white-light (mixtures of 2C and 3C) emission from neat films of the compounds as emitting layers.

Abundance of SiC2 in carbon star envelopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massalkhi, S.; Agúndez, M.; Cernicharo, J.; Velilla Prieto, L.; Goicoechea, J. R.; Quintana-Lacaci, G.; Fonfría, J. P.; Alcolea, J.; Bujarrabal, V.

2018-03-01

Context. Silicon carbide dust is ubiquitous in circumstellar envelopes around C-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. However, the main gas-phase precursors leading to the formation of SiC dust have not yet been identified. The most obvious candidates among the molecules containing an Si-C bond detected in C-rich AGB stars are SiC2, SiC, and Si2C. To date, the ring molecule SiC2 has been observed in a handful of evolved stars, while SiC and Si2C have only been detected in the C-star envelope IRC +10216. Aim. We aim to study how widespread and abundant SiC2, SiC, and Si2C are in envelopes around C-rich AGB stars, and whether or not these species play an active role as gas-phase precursors of silicon carbide dust in the ejecta of carbon stars. Methods: We carried out sensitive observations with the IRAM 30 m telescope of a sample of 25 C-rich AGB stars to search for emission lines of SiC2, SiC, and Si2C in the λ 2 mm band. We performed non-LTE excitation and radiative transfer calculations based on the LVG method to model the observed lines of SiC2 and to derive SiC2 fractional abundances in the observed envelopes. Results: We detect SiC2 in most of the sources, SiC in about half of them, and do not detect Si2C in any source except IRC +10216. Most of these detections are reported for the first time in this work. We find a positive correlation between the SiC and SiC2 line emission, which suggests that both species are chemically linked; the SiC radical is probably the photodissociation product of SiC2 in the external layer of the envelope. We find a clear trend where the denser the envelope, the less abundant SiC2 is. The observed trend is interpreted as evidence of efficient incorporation of SiC2 onto dust grains, a process that is favored at high densities owing to the higher rate at which collisions between particles take place. Conclusions: The observed behavior of a decline in the SiC2 abundance with increasing density strongly suggests that SiC2 is an important gas-phase precursor of SiC dust in envelopes around carbon stars. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).

[The role of CD14 promoter - 159 C-> T polymorphism on changes of serum lipid ratios induced by high-carbohydrate/low-fat diets in healthy Chinese Han youth].

PubMed

Jiang, Zhe; Gong, Ren-rong; Li, Yuan-hao; Fan, Mei; Fang, Ding-zhi

2012-05-01

To investigate the role of CD14 promoter - 159 C-> T polymorphism on ratios of serum lipids and its interaction on the ratios with a high-carbohydrate/low-fat (HC/LF) diet in a young and healthy Chinese Han population. After a washout diet for seven days, fifty six healthy young subjects (22.89 +/- 1.80 years) were given the HC/LF diet for six days. Twelve-hour fasting venous blood samples were collected in the mornings of the first, the eighth and the fourteenth days. The serum lipid profiles and the CD14 -159 C->T polymorphism were analyzed. The ratios of triglyceride/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c), log (TG/HDL-c), total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TC/HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c/HDL-c) were calculated. The male carriers of the C allele had significantly higher TG/HDL-c and log (TG/HDL-c) than the female carriers at baseline, after the washout diet and after the HC/LF diet, higher TC/HDL-c at baseline and after the washout diet, and higher LDL-c/HDL-c only after the washout diet. The female subjects with the TT genotype had higher TG/HDL-c and log (TG/HDL-c) than the female carriers of the C allele at baseline, after the washout diet and after the HC/LF diet, higher LDL-c/HDL-c at baseline and after the HC/LF diet, and higher TC/HDL-c only after the washout diet. Compared with that before the HC/LF diet, TC/HDL-c was significantly decreased after the HC/LF diet regardless of gender and the genotype of the CD14 -159 polymorphism. LDL-c/HDL-c was significantly decreased in both the male and female carriers of the C allele. TG/HDL-c and log (TG/HDL-c) were significantly increased only in the female carriers of the C allele. In the subjects with C allele, the HC/LF diet is a minor factor and its effects on the lipid ratios can be masked by the effects of the C allele at CD14 -159. The interaction between the HC/LF diet and the C allele at CD14 -159 can decrease LDL-c/HDL-c in both males and females and increase TG/ HDL-c and log (TG/HDL-c) in the females.

Integration of C1 and C2 Metabolism in Trees

PubMed Central

Jardine, Kolby J.; Higuchi, Niro; Bill, Markus; Porras, Rachel; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.

2017-01-01

C1 metabolism in plants is known to be involved in photorespiration, nitrogen and amino acid metabolism, as well as methylation and biosynthesis of metabolites and biopolymers. Although the flux of carbon through the C1 pathway is thought to be large, its intermediates are difficult to measure and relatively little is known about this potentially ubiquitous pathway. In this study, we evaluated the C1 pathway and its integration with the central metabolism using aqueous solutions of 13C-labeled C1 and C2 intermediates delivered to branches of the tropical species Inga edulis via the transpiration stream. Delivery of [13C]methanol and [13C]formaldehyde rapidly stimulated leaf emissions of [13C]methanol, [13C]formaldehyde, [13C]formic acid, and 13CO2, confirming the existence of the C1 pathway and rapid interconversion between methanol and formaldehyde. However, while [13C]formate solutions stimulated emissions of 13CO2, emissions of [13C]methanol or [13C]formaldehyde were not detected, suggesting that once oxidation to formate occurs it is rapidly oxidized to CO2 within chloroplasts. 13C-labeling of isoprene, a known photosynthetic product, was linearly related to 13CO2 across C1 and C2 ([13C2]acetate and [2-13C]glycine) substrates, consistent with reassimilation of C1, respiratory, and photorespiratory CO2. Moreover, [13C]methanol and [13C]formaldehyde induced a quantitative labeling of both carbon atoms of acetic acid emissions, possibly through the rapid turnover of the chloroplastic acetyl-CoA pool via glycolate oxidation. The results support a role of the C1 pathway to provide an alternative carbon source for glycine methylation in photorespiration, enhance CO2 concentrations within chloroplasts, and produce key C2 intermediates (e.g., acetyl-CoA) central to anabolic and catabolic metabolism. PMID:28946627

The vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum. Reduction of acetylene and ethylene to ethane.

PubMed Central

Dilworth, M J; Eady, R R; Eldridge, M E

1988-01-01

1. The vanadium (V-) nitrogenase of Azobacter chroococcum transfers up to 7.4% of the electrons used in acetylene (C2H2) reduction for the formation of ethane (C2H6). The apparent Km for C2H2 (6 kPa) is the same for either ethylene (C2H4) or ethane (C2H6) formation and much higher than the reported Km values for C2H2 reduction to C2H4 by molybdenum (Mo-) nitrogenases. Reduction of C2H2 in 2H2O yields predominantly [cis-2H2]ethylene. 2. The ratio of electron flux yielding C2H6 to that yielding C2H4 (the C2H6/C2H4 ratio) is increased by raising the ratio of Fe protein to VFe protein and by increasing the assay temperature up to at least 40 degrees C. pH values above 7.5 decrease the C2H6/C2H4 ratio. 3. C2H4 and C2H6 formation from C2H2 by V-nitrogenase are not inhibited by H2. CO inhibits both processes much less strongly than it inhibits C2H4 formation from C2H2 with Mo-nitrogenase. 4. Although V-nitrogenase also catalyses the slow CO-sensitive reduction of C2H4 to C2H6, free C2H4 is not an intermediate in C2H6 formation from C2H2. 5. Propyne (CH3C identical to CH) is not reduced by the V-nitrogenase. 6. Some implications of these results for the mechanism of C2H6 formation by the V-nitrogenase are discussed. PMID:3162672

Integration of C 1 and C 2 Metabolism in Trees

DOE PAGES

Jardine, Kolby J.; Fernandes de Souza, Vinicius; Oikawa, Patty; ...

2017-09-23

C 1 metabolism in plants is known to be involved in photorespiration, nitrogen and amino acid metabolism, as well as methylation and biosynthesis of metabolites and biopolymers. Although the flux of carbon through the C 1 pathway is thought to be large, its intermediates are difficult to measure and relatively little is known about this potentially ubiquitous pathway. In this study, we evaluated the C 1 pathway and its integration with the central metabolism using aqueous solutions of 13C-labeled C 1 and C 2 intermediates delivered to branches of the tropical species Inga edulis via the transpiration stream. Delivery ofmore » [ 13C]methanol and [ 13C]formaldehyde rapidly stimulated leaf emissions of [ 13C]methanol, [ 13C]formaldehyde, [ 13C]formic acid, and 13CO 2, confirming the existence of the C 1 pathway and rapid interconversion between methanol and formaldehyde. However, while [ 13C]formate solutions stimulated emissions of 13CO 2, emissions of [ 13C]methanol or [ 13C]formaldehyde were not detected, suggesting that once oxidation to formate occurs it is rapidly oxidized to CO 2 within chloroplasts. 13C-labeling of isoprene, a known photosynthetic product, was linearly related to 13CO 2 across C 1 and C 2 ([ 13C 2]acetate and [2- 13C]glycine) substrates, consistent with reassimilation of C 1, respiratory, and photorespiratory CO 2. Moreover, [ 13C]methanol and [ 13C]formaldehyde induced a quantitative labeling of both carbon atoms of acetic acid emissions, possibly through the rapid turnover of the chloroplastic acetyl-CoA pool via glycolate oxidation. The results support a role of the C 1 pathway to provide an alternative carbon source for glycine methylation in photorespiration, enhance CO 2 concentrations within chloroplasts, and produce key C 2 intermediates (e.g., acetyl-CoA) central to anabolic and catabolic metabolism.« less

Synthesis and structure of tetranuclear orthometallated Pd(II) complexes derived from bis-iminophosphoranes.

PubMed

Bielsa, Raquel; Navarro, Rafael; Soler, Tatiana; Urriolabeitia, Esteban P

2008-04-07

The reaction of Pd(OAc)2 with bis-iminophosphoranes Ph3P=NCH2CH2CH2N=PPh3 (1a), [C6H4(C(O)N=PPh3)2-1,3] (1b) and [C6H4(C(O)N=PPh3)2-1,2] (1c), gives the orthopalladated tetranuclear complexes [{Pd(mu-Cl){C6H4(PPh2=NCH2-kappa-C,N)-2}}2CH2]2 (2a) [{Pd(mu-OAc){C6H4(PPh2=NC(O)-kappa-C,N)-2}}2C6H4-1',3']2 (2b) and [{Pd(mu-OAc){C6H4(PPh2=NC(O)-kappa-C,N)-2}}2C6H4-1',2']2 (2c). The reaction takes place in CH2Cl2 for 1a, but must be performed in glacial acetic acid for 1b and 1c. The process implies in all cases the activation of a C-H bond on a Ph ring of the phosphonium group, with concomitant formation of endo complexes. This is the expected behaviour for 1a, but for 1b and 1c reverses the exo orientation observed in other ketostabilized iminophosphoranes. The influence of the solvent in the orientation of the reaction is discussed. The dinuclear acetylacetonate complexes [{Pd(acac-O,O'){C6H4(PPh2=NCH2-kappa-C,N)-2}}2CH2] (3a), [{Pd(acac-O,O'){C6H4(PPh2=NC(O)-kappa-C,N)-2}}2C6H4-1',3'] (3b) and [{Pd(acac-O,O'){C6H4(PPh2=NC(O)-kappa-C,N)-2}}2C6H4-1',2'] (3c) have been obtained from the halide-bridging tetranuclear derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure of [3c.4CHCl3] is also reported.

Integration of C 1 and C 2 Metabolism in Trees

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jardine, Kolby J.; Fernandes de Souza, Vinicius; Oikawa, Patty

C 1 metabolism in plants is known to be involved in photorespiration, nitrogen and amino acid metabolism, as well as methylation and biosynthesis of metabolites and biopolymers. Although the flux of carbon through the C 1 pathway is thought to be large, its intermediates are difficult to measure and relatively little is known about this potentially ubiquitous pathway. In this study, we evaluated the C 1 pathway and its integration with the central metabolism using aqueous solutions of 13C-labeled C 1 and C 2 intermediates delivered to branches of the tropical species Inga edulis via the transpiration stream. Delivery ofmore » [ 13C]methanol and [ 13C]formaldehyde rapidly stimulated leaf emissions of [ 13C]methanol, [ 13C]formaldehyde, [ 13C]formic acid, and 13CO 2, confirming the existence of the C 1 pathway and rapid interconversion between methanol and formaldehyde. However, while [ 13C]formate solutions stimulated emissions of 13CO 2, emissions of [ 13C]methanol or [ 13C]formaldehyde were not detected, suggesting that once oxidation to formate occurs it is rapidly oxidized to CO 2 within chloroplasts. 13C-labeling of isoprene, a known photosynthetic product, was linearly related to 13CO 2 across C 1 and C 2 ([ 13C 2]acetate and [2- 13C]glycine) substrates, consistent with reassimilation of C 1, respiratory, and photorespiratory CO 2. Moreover, [ 13C]methanol and [ 13C]formaldehyde induced a quantitative labeling of both carbon atoms of acetic acid emissions, possibly through the rapid turnover of the chloroplastic acetyl-CoA pool via glycolate oxidation. The results support a role of the C 1 pathway to provide an alternative carbon source for glycine methylation in photorespiration, enhance CO 2 concentrations within chloroplasts, and produce key C 2 intermediates (e.g., acetyl-CoA) central to anabolic and catabolic metabolism.« less

Factors affecting the sporulation capacity during long-term storage of the aphid-pathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis grown on broomcorn millet.

PubMed

Feng, Ming-Guang; Hua, Li

2005-04-15

Aphid-pathogenic fungus, Pandora neoaphidis, grown on broomcorn millet possesses greater sporulation capacity (C(s)) than aphid cadavers. The most sporulating cultures (32.0x10(4) spores millet(-1) grain) with water content (C(w)) of 48.7% were prepared by incubation at 20 degrees C for 15 days and used to study the effect of temperature and humidity on C(s) during long-term storage. Cultures were sealed with paper to retain ambient humidity, with parafilm for saturated humidity, or kept in 85% and 98% RH chambers. The C(w) and C(s) were monitored during 200-day storage at 5-20 degrees C. The paper-sealed cultures at 5 degrees C, associated with 21-25% of C(w), were best preserved and their 120-day C(s) was similar to that of the fresh cadavers. Consistently or variably high RH at 5 degrees C resulted in significantly higher C(w) and lower C(s) despite longer viability. The regimes at 10 degrees C preserved the cultures for 40 days. The observations fit well to the logistic model C(s)=35.28/{1+exp[-2.36+(-0.003C(w)+0.001C(w)T)t]} (r(2)=0.95) for all regimes of temperature (T) or C(s)=35.55/[1+exp(-2.33+0.001C(w)t)] (r(2)=0.93) at 5 degrees C only. The rate of decline of C(s) of -0.003C(w)+0.001C(w)T or 0.001 C(w) over days (t) highlights the primary effect of C(w). The daily C(s)-decline rates obtained for the best-stored cultures and air-dried cadavers stored at 5 degrees C were surprisingly identical. The results suggest a possible cheap method for preparing and storing large quantities of P. neoaphiodis inocula.

Distinct Signaling Roles of cIMP, cCMP, and cUMP.

PubMed

Seifert, Roland

2016-10-04

The cyclic purine nucleotide cIMP and the cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides cCMP and cUMP are emerging second messengers. These cNMPs show different biological effects, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this issue of Structure, Ng et al. (2016) provide structural evidence for distinct interactions of cIMP, cCMP, and cUMP with ion channels. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On the Changes in Lift of Hydrofoils Due to Surface Injections of Polymer Additives

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-02-01

detailed dese rip tion oVi oh- J ectives . A discuosl on of’ the var~ous phyviva mechnnisms ILhat have boen pos tul a td i~n the U.1. Le ro uy to vxp 1 a...C’. C, .C’, CN 40 ’ 0 ’ ft V2 *Scn CN 0 .P. C, C, C. 0~ V, C3s0 0 s0S) -4 it 0kI l t (- to 55551 C. C!, 4" C, C .* ik kI4 4~~~ ~ *: it c 4 L 1% It

Advanced Wireless Integrated Navy Network (AWINN)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-30

AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Office of Naval Research ONR 313 875 N . Randolph St. 11. SPONSORIMONITOR’S REPORT Arlington...UWB wireless with ESM crane for Sea Basing ap p licatio n s...LD 00) 0 CUU 0~cCCC~) _: a) _) a) <z "c 0C C:U 0cn a) 4- m n 0 C:,) 00 muamC0V 0 ) ~ u vC C - L 0).c - C 7) D E2)7Z CM >u 0-C *0 C ()Q 4-a E) 0 0) 0 0

Heavy and light beer: a carbon isotope approach to detect C(4) carbon in beers of different origins, styles, and prices.

PubMed

Brooks, J Renée; Buchmann, Nina; Phillips, Sue; Ehleringer, Bruce; Evans, R David; Lott, Mike; Martinelli, Luiz A; Pockman, William T; Sandquist, Darren; Sparks, Jed P; Sperry, Lynda; Williams, Dave; Ehleringer, James R

2002-10-23

The carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) of 160 beers from around the world ranged from -27.3 to -14.9 per thousand, primarily due to variation in the percentage of C(3) or C(4) plant carbon in the final product. Thirty-one percent of beers had a carbon signature of C(3) plants (barley, rice, etc.), whereas the remaining 69% contained some C(3)-C(4) mixture (mean of mixtures, 39 +/- 11% C(4) carbon). Use of C(4) carbon (corn, cane sugar, etc.) was not confined to beers from any particular region (Pacific Rim, Mexico, Brazil, Europe, Canada, and the United States). However, the delta(13)C of European beers indicated mostly C(3) plant carbon. In contrast, U.S. and Canadian beers contained either only C(3) or C(3)-C(4) mixtures; Brazilian, Mexican, and Pacific Rim beers were mostly C(3)-C(4) mixtures. Among different lagers, U.S.-style lagers generally contained more C(4) carbon than did imported pilsners. Among different ales, those brewed by large high-production breweries contained significant proportions of C(4) carbon, while C(4) carbon was not detected in microbrewery or home-brew ales. Furthermore, inexpensive beers generally contained more C(4) carbon than expensive beers.

Transcriptome comparisons shed light on the pre-condition and potential barrier for C4 photosynthesis evolution in eudicots.

PubMed

Tao, Yimin; Lyu, Ming-Ju Amy; Zhu, Xin-Guang

2016-05-01

C4 photosynthesis evolved independently from C3 photosynthesis in more than 60 lineages. Most of the C4 lineages are clustered together in the order Poales and the order Caryophyllales while many other angiosperm orders do not have C4 species, suggesting the existence of biological pre-conditions in the ancestral C3 species that facilitate the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in these lineages. To explore pre-adaptations for C4 photosynthesis evolution, we classified C4 lineages into the C4-poor and the C4-rich groups based on the percentage of C4 species in different genera and conducted a comprehensive comparison on the transcriptomic changes between the non-C4 species from the C4-poor and the C4-rich groups. Results show that species in the C4-rich group showed higher expression of genes related to oxidoreductase activity, light reaction components, terpene synthesis, secondary cell synthesis, C4 cycle related genes and genes related to nucleotide metabolism and senescence. In contrast, C4-poor group showed up-regulation of a PEP/Pi translocator, genes related to signaling pathway, stress response, defense response and plant hormone metabolism (ethylene and brassinosteroid). The implications of these transcriptomic differences between the C4-rich and C4-poor groups to C4 evolution are discussed.

Sandwich-structured C/C-SiC composites fabricated by electromagnetic-coupling chemical vapor infiltration.

PubMed

Hu, Chenglong; Hong, Wenhu; Xu, Xiaojing; Tang, Sufang; Du, Shanyi; Cheng, Hui-Ming

2017-10-13

Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced carbon-silicon carbide (C/C-SiC) composites are one of the most promising lightweight materials for re-entry thermal protection, rocket nozzles and brake discs applications. In this paper, a novel sandwich-structured C/C-SiC composite, containing two exterior C/SiC layers, two gradient C/C-SiC layers and a C/C core, has been designed and fabricated by two-step electromagnetic-coupling chemical vapor infiltration (E-CVI) for a 20-hour deposition time. The cross-section morphologies, interface microstructures and SiC-matrix growth characteristics and compositions of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Microstructure characterization indicates that the SiC growth includes an initial amorphous SiC zone, a gradual crystallization of SiC and grow-up of nano-crystal, and a columnar grain region. The sandwich structure, rapid deposition rate and growth characteristics are attributed to the formation of thermal gradient and the establishment of electromagnetic field in the E-CVI process. The composite possesses low density of 1.84 g/cm 3 , high flexural strength of 325 MPa, and low linear ablation rate of 0.38 μm/s under exposure to 5-cycle oxyacetylene flame for 1000 s at ~1700 °C.

Ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions of platinum(II) complexes with arylacetylide ligands with different chain lengths: spectroscopic characterization, effect of molecular conformations, and density functional theory calculations.

PubMed

Tong, Glenna So Ming; Law, Yuen-Chi; Kui, Steven C F; Zhu, Nianyong; Leung, King Hong; Phillips, David Lee; Che, Chi-Ming

2010-06-11

The complexes [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)R}](+) (n = 1: R = alkyl and aryl (Ar); n = 1-3: R = phenyl (Ph) or Ph-N(CH(3))(2)-4; n = 1 and 2, R = Ph-NH(2)-4; tBu(3)tpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) and [Pt(Cl(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = tert-butyl (tBu), Ph, 9,9'-dibutylfluorene, 9,9'-dibutyl-7-dimethyl-amine-fluorene; Cl(3)tpy = 4,4',4''-trichloro-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) were prepared. The effects of substituent(s) on the terpyridine (tpy) and acetylide ligands and chain length of arylacetylide ligands on the absorption and emission spectra were examined. Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of [Pt(tBu(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = n-butyl, Ph, and C(6)H(4)-OCH(3)-4) obtained in acetonitrile at 298 K reveal that the structural distortion of the C[triple bond]C bond in the electronic excited state obtained by 502.9 nm excitation is substantially larger than that obtained by 416 nm excitation. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations on [Pt(H(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (R = n-propyl (nPr), 2-pyridyl (Py)), [Pt(H(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)Ph}](+) (n = 1-3), and [Pt(H(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+)/+H(+) (n = 1-3; H(3)tpy = nonsubstituted terpyridine) at two different conformations were performed, namely, with the phenyl rings of the arylacetylide ligands coplanar ("cop") with and perpendicular ("per") to the H(3)tpy ligand. Combining the experimental data and calculated results, the two lowest energy absorption peak maxima, lambda(1) and lambda(2), of [Pt(Y(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (Y = tBu or Cl, R = aryl) are attributed to (1)[pi(C[triple bond]CR)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] in the "cop" conformation and mixed (1)[d(pi)(Pt)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)]/(1)[pi(C[triple bond]CR)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] transitions in the "per" conformation. The lowest energy absorption peak lambda(1) for [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-H-4}](+) (n = 1-3) shows a redshift with increasing chain length. However, for [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C6H4C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+) (n = 1-3), lambda(1) shows a blueshift with increasing chain length n, but shows a redshift after the addition of acid. The emissions of [Pt(Y(3)tpy)(C[triple bond]CR)](+) (Y = tBu or Cl) at 524-642 nm measured in dichloromethane at 298 K are assigned to the (3)[pi(C[triple bond]CAr)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] excited states and mixed (3)[d(pi)(Pt)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)]/(3)[pi(C[triple bond]C)-->pi*(Y(3)tpy)] excited states for R = aryl and alkyl groups, respectively. [Pt(tBu(3)tpy){C[triple bond]C(C(6)H(4)C[triple bond]C)(n-1)C(6)H(4)-N(CH(3))(2)-4}](+) (n = 1 and 2) are nonemissive, and this is attributed to the small energy gap between the singlet ground state (S(0)) and the lowest triplet excited state (T(1)).

Two-Year Chronic Toxicity Study in Rats

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-27

LD C. 0- N. 00 C! cc ’. 0 C- Nl CD c n * co CD C;’. Ln Lo Ln fn ’. 1cC c; 0 N N cm0 w jL- v; c I’ioON0 17 r’-O COOr c.,J C’o co ŕ " C’, C9f COW ...Focal granulomatosis 1% Chronic abscesses 1% Integument Pyogenic granuloma 1% Abscess 1% Mammary Gland Cystic hyperplasia 1% Chronic mastiti I... mastitis 1 73 I Uterus *Neopl asms 1 73 Hydrometra 1 73 Multiple Distribution oF ter-tis 1 73 S~Integument Neoplasm 2 73 -4No Oran Speci :ied Neoplasm 6

Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Digital Guidance and Control Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

w. O M0 4 z Q.C u0 LC 0 -C LC0 L Ww N a’ 00 - U C to _..q Q 0 c C0 * - C)Q 0 0 (’ UOA- r40 0 U - -r -0 >L00C 0 & c 40 kA 0 - ;( b C .- 0 UOC. CL 0...8217Oka O0 . cc0>- lc0 0O 6, EC ! zz Oor- L-IC 0 0 - CUa-! 0 aJO C. 0 0. aa ~ .a " -IQ - , 0 ak Uu Ou 0 -- U C 0- E-0 L’ 0!- C0-0- a SC -- 00.4.6a. C

C-Mannosylation of thrombopoietin receptor (c-Mpl) regulates thrombopoietin-dependent JAK-STAT signaling.

PubMed

Sasazawa, Yukiko; Sato, Natsumi; Suzuki, Takehiro; Dohmae, Naoshi; Simizu, Siro

The thrombopoietin receptor, also known as c-Mpl, is a member of the cytokine superfamily, which regulates the differentiation of megakaryocytes and formation of platelets by binding to its ligand, thrombopoietin (TPO), through Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. The loss-of-function mutations of c-Mpl cause severe thrombocytopenia due to impaired megakaryocytopoiesis, and gain-of-function mutations cause thrombocythemia. c-Mpl contains two Trp-Ser-Xaa-Trp-Ser (Xaa represents any amino acids) sequences, which are characteristic sequences of type I cytokine receptors, corresponding to C-mannosylation consensus sequences: Trp-Xaa-Xaa-Trp/Cys. C-mannosylation is a post-translational modification of tryptophan residue in which one mannose is attached to the first tryptophan residue in the consensus sequence via C-C linkage. Although c-Mpl contains some C-mannosylation sequences, whether c-Mpl is C-mannosylated or not has been uninvestigated. We identified that c-Mpl is C-mannosylated not only at Trp(269) and Trp(474), which are putative C-mannosylation site, but also at Trp(272), Trp(416), and Trp(477). Using C-mannosylation defective mutant of c-Mpl, the C-mannosylated tryptophan residues at four sites (Trp(269), Trp(272), Trp(474), and Trp(477)) are essential for c-Mpl-mediated JAK-STAT signaling. Our findings suggested that C-mannosylation of c-Mpl is a possible therapeutic target for platelet disorders. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The tiered-evaluation of the effects of transgenic cry1c rice on Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, a main predator of Nilaparvata lugens

PubMed Central

Han, Yu; Ma, Fugang; Nawaz, Muhammad; Wang, Yu; Cai, Wanlun; Zhao, Jing; He, Yueping; Hua, Hongxia; Zou, Yulan

2017-01-01

T1C-19, a newly developed transgenic cry1C rice line, expresses cry1C under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter, and is highly resistant to lepidopteran pests of rice. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is the major predator of the eggs and young nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens, which is the main non-target sap-sucking insect pest of Bt rice. C. lividipennis may be exposed to Cry1C protein, thus biosafety evaluations of transgenic cry1C rice on C. lividipennis should be conducted before the commercialization of T1C-19. In the current study, we tested the direct toxicity of elevated doses of Cry1C to C. lividipennis, effects of T1C-19 on the life-table parameters of C. lividipennis via preying planthoppers, and effects of T1C-19 on the population density and dynamics in rice fields. No detrimental effects on development, survival, female ratio and body weight of C. lividipennis were caused by direct exposure to elevated doses of the Cry1C protein or prey-mediated exposure to realistic doses of the protein. The population density and dynamics did not significantly differ between C. lividipennis in T1C-19 and non-transgenic rice fields. Thus, transgenic cry1C rice had no negative effects on C. lividipennis. This is the first report of the effects of transgenic cry1C rice on C. lividipennis. PMID:28205641

The tiered-evaluation of the effects of transgenic cry1c rice on Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, a main predator of Nilaparvata lugens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Yu; Ma, Fugang; Nawaz, Muhammad; Wang, Yu; Cai, Wanlun; Zhao, Jing; He, Yueping; Hua, Hongxia; Zou, Yulan

2017-02-01

T1C-19, a newly developed transgenic cry1C rice line, expresses cry1C under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter, and is highly resistant to lepidopteran pests of rice. Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is the major predator of the eggs and young nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens, which is the main non-target sap-sucking insect pest of Bt rice. C. lividipennis may be exposed to Cry1C protein, thus biosafety evaluations of transgenic cry1C rice on C. lividipennis should be conducted before the commercialization of T1C-19. In the current study, we tested the direct toxicity of elevated doses of Cry1C to C. lividipennis, effects of T1C-19 on the life-table parameters of C. lividipennis via preying planthoppers, and effects of T1C-19 on the population density and dynamics in rice fields. No detrimental effects on development, survival, female ratio and body weight of C. lividipennis were caused by direct exposure to elevated doses of the Cry1C protein or prey-mediated exposure to realistic doses of the protein. The population density and dynamics did not significantly differ between C. lividipennis in T1C-19 and non-transgenic rice fields. Thus, transgenic cry1C rice had no negative effects on C. lividipennis. This is the first report of the effects of transgenic cry1C rice on C. lividipennis.

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Sequence of Test Measurements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Sequence of Test Measurements C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C...

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Sequence of Test Measurements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Sequence of Test Measurements C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C...

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Sequence of Test Measurements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Sequence of Test Measurements C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C...

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Sequence of Test Measurements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Sequence of Test Measurements C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C...

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Sequence of Test Measurements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Sequence of Test Measurements C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... Comparability Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C...

Revision of the Mesoamerican species of Calolydella Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) and description of twenty-three new species reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica

PubMed Central

Fleming, AJ; Wood, D. Monty; Smith, M. Alex; Hallwachs, Winnie; Janzen, Daniel H

2018-01-01

Abstract Background Twenty-three new species of the genus Calolydella Townsend, 1927 (Diptera: Tachinidae) are described, all reared from multiple species of wild-caught caterpillars across a wide variety of families (Lepidoptera: Crambidae; Erebidae; Geometridae; Hesperiidae; Lycaenidae; Nymphalidae; Pieridae; Riodinidae; and Sphingidae). All caterpillars were collected within Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), in northwestern Costa Rica. This study provides a concise description of each new species using morphology, life history, molecular data, and photographic documentation. In addition to the new species, we also provide a generic redescription and revised key to species of the genus Calolydella from Central and South America. New information The following 23 new species of Calolydella are described by Fleming and Wood: C. adelinamoralesae sp. n., C. alexanderjamesi sp. n., C. argentea sp. n., C. aureofacies sp. n., C. bicolor sp. n., C. bifissus sp. n., C. crocata sp. n., C. destituta sp. n., C. discalis sp. n., C. erasmocoronadoi sp. n., C. felipechavarriai sp. n., C. fredriksjobergi sp. n., C. inflatipalpis sp. n., C. interrupta sp. n., C. nigripalpis sp. n., C. omissa sp. n., C. ordinalis sp. n., C. renemalaisei sp. n., C. susanaroibasae sp. n., C. tanyadapkeyae sp. n., C. tenebrosa sp. n., C. timjamesi sp. n., C. virginiajamesae sp. n. Lydella frugale Curran, 1934 is proposed as a new synonym of Pygophorinia peruviana Townsend, 1927, syn. n., under the combination Calolydella frugale (Curran, 1934), comb. n. PMID:29674932

The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)

PubMed Central

Staines, Charles L.; García-Robledo, Carlos

2014-01-01

Abstract The species of the Neotropical genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 are revised. We present a key to the known larvae of Cephaloleia (8 species), a key to the 95 species known to occur in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies, and a key to the 138 species known to occur in South America. All identification keys were translated to Spanish. Descriptions for the 214 known species of Cephaloleia as well as illustrations for 212 species are presented. The following species are removed from Cephaloleia: C. bipartita Pic, 1926c is transferred to Hybosispa Weise, 1910; C. minasensis Pic, 1931 and C. viridis Pic, 1931 are transferred to Stenispa Baly, 1858. The following species are described as new: C. abdita sp. n. from Brazil; C. amba sp. n. from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; C. angustacollis sp. n. from Ecuador; C. brevis sp. n. from French Guiana; C. calathae sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. chica sp. n. from Peru; C. conforma sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. crenulata sp. n. from Ecuador; C. gemma sp. n. from Bolivia and Brazil; C. horvitzae sp. n. from French Guiana; C. interrupta sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. kressi sp. n. from Costa Rica; C. lenticula sp. n. from Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname; C. nana sp. n. from Ecuador; C. ochra sp. n. from Ecuador; C. stainesi sp. n. from Costa Rica; and C. susanae sp. n. from Brazil and Ecuador. Cephaloleia simoni Pic, 1934 is treated as Incertae sedis. The larvae of C. erichsonii Baly, 1858 and C. puncticollis Baly, 1885 are described and illustrated. PMID:25197208

Charmed baryon weak decays with SU(3) flavor symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geng, C. Q.; Hsiao, Y. K.; Liu, Chia-Wei; Tsai, Tien-Hsueh

2017-11-01

We study the semileptonic and non-leptonic charmed baryon decays with SU(3) flavor symmetry, where the charmed baryons can be B c = (Ξ c 0 , Ξ c + , Λ c + ), B c ' = ( Σ c (++,+,0) , Ξ c ' (+,0) , Ω c 0 ), B cc = (Ξ cc + + , Ξ cc + , Ω c + ) or B cc = Ω ccc + + . With B n (') denoted as the baryon octet (decuplet), we find that the B c → B n ' ℓ + ν ℓ decays are forbidden, while the Ω c 0 → Ω- ℓ + ν ℓ , Ω cc + → Ω c 0 ℓ + ν ℓ , and Ω ccc + + → Ω cc + ℓ + ν ℓ decays are the only existing Cabibbo- allowed modes for B c ' → B n ' ℓ + ν ℓ , B cc → B c ' ℓ + ν ℓ , and B ccc → B cc (') ℓ + ν ℓ , respectively. We predict the rarely studied B c → B n (') M decays, such as B({Ξ}_c^0\\to {Λ}^0{\\overline{K}}^0,{Ξ}_c+\\to {Ξ}^0{π}+)=(8.3± 0.9, 8.0± 4.1)× {10}^{-3} and B({Λ}_c+\\to {Δ}^{++}{π}-,{Ξ}_c^0\\to {Ω}-{K}+)=(5.5± 1.3, 4.8± 0.5)× {10}^{-3} . For the observation, the doubly and triply charmed baryon decays of {Ω}_{cc}+\\to {Ξ}_c+{\\overline{K}}^0,{Ξ}_{cc}^{++}\\to ({Ξ}_c+{π}+,{Σ}_c^{++}{\\overline{K}}^0), and {Ω}_{ccc}^{++}\\to ({Ξ}_{cc}^{++}{\\overline{K}}^0,{Ω}_{cc}+{π}+,{Ξ}_c+{D}+) are the favored Cabibbo-allowed decays, which are accessible to the BESIII and LHCb experiments.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uhlík, Filip; Slanina, Zdeněk; Nagase, Shigeru

The contribution reports computations for Al@C{sub 82}, Sc@C{sub 82}, Y@C{sub 82} and La@C{sub 82} based on encapsulation into the IPR (isolated pentagon rule) C{sub 2ν} C{sub 82} cage and also on Mg@C{sub 74}, Ca@C{sub 74}, Sr@C{sub 74} and Ba@C{sub 74} based on encapsulation into the only C{sub 74} IPR cage as well as for three selected lanthanoids La@C{sub 74}, Yb@C{sub 74}, and Lu@C{sub 74}. Their structural and energetic characteristics are used for evaluations of the relative production yields, using the encapsulation Gibbs-energy and saturated metal pressures. It is shown that the results can be well related to the ionization potentialsmore » of the free metal atoms.« less

The South Asian millipede genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Sulciferini): redescriptions and synonymies.

PubMed

Sankaran, Pradeep M; Sebastian, Pothalil A

2017-11-16

The South Asian millipede genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 is diagnosed and its relationship with Parchondromorpha Jeekel, 1980 is established. The species C. atopus (Chamberlin, 1920) and C. indus (Chamberlin, 1920), as well as the subspecies C. kelaarti kelaarti (Humbert, 1865), C. kelaarti longipes (Verhoeff, 1936) and C. kelaarti valparaiensis (Carl, 1932) are recognised as junior synonyms of C. kelaarti (Humbert, 1865), thereby reducing the total number of Chondromorpha spp. in India to four: C. kaimura Turk, 1947, C. kelaarti, C. mammifera Attems, 1936 and C. severini Silvestri, 1897 (the type-species). Two species, C. kelaarti and C. mammifera, are redescribed and illustrated in detail. All four Indian Chondromorpha spp. are keyed, and the known distribution records of C. kelaarti and C. mammifera are mapped.

Prime Contract Awards of $100,000 or More by Federal Supply Classification or Service Category and Purchasing Office. FY 87. Part 4. J095-S214.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

I- a V) 41z ,)C- C-’) C4 o r- a- > 4-) w < C: n~ z~~ <A 00C _ D. D0WM 0~~ 0 ,0"NC> 0 00 C> L.Ji~ N CJ 00C LC) (D m4- - -l~ af f ) 4 4-1 - -j Z 40...mt (9 l.....0 -.-. 4 T. L.J 1 .7 ~C) f-.u’ T Ln ,I V) 00)o (a0)r-wmm -cl)r= , 0 -J z p~- 4 - C- 0 .- 4C> (3) 0 U) C’ D aC𔃺 ~’ C>o o m- N- C> w CzT mN

Japan Report, Science and Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-26

PL tO e 60 tO C U c I o 01 O 0) (J to re u C it! o c ■H 60 o U C 1-1 tO...O 01 ŕ p! o C -H O 4J •H tO MUS n C B a. 3 -H o u-i to c o •H AJ 4J tO 10 01 1-c 4J re TJ PL tO M OJ...c •H (i t 1 o O RM ■H < c o o u ^ AJ XI tl 0) c rH w W •H to U-t OJ o PJ 4-1 60 U c a ■H X •o V c 3 o n PL r-t 01 In 01 u u

Recent Advances in Ring-Opening Functionalization of Cycloalkanols by C-C σ-Bond Cleavage.

PubMed

Wu, Xinxin; Zhu, Chen

2018-06-01

Cycloalkanols prove to be privileged precursors for the synthesis of distally substituted alkyl ketones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by virtue of cleavage of their cyclic C-C bonds. Direct functionalization of cyclobutanols to build up other chemical bonds (e. g., C-F, C-Cl, C-Br, C-N, C-S, C-Se, C-C, etc.) has been achieved by using the ring-opening strategy. Mechanistically, the C-C cleavage of cyclobutanols can be involved in two pathways: (a) transition-metal catalyzed β-carbon elimination; (b) radical-mediated 'radical clock'-type ring opening. The recent advances of our group for the ring-opening functionalization of tertiary cycloalkanols are described in this account. © 2018 The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The effect of Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) c.800C > T polymorphism on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in Chinese healthy males.

PubMed

Lou, Xiao-Ya; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Guo; Hu, Dong-Li; Guo, Dong; Tan, Zhi-Rong; Zhou, Hong-Hao; Chen, Yao; Bao, Hei-Hua

2014-10-01

This study was designed to investigate the potential association between NTCP c.800C >T polymorphism and rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in Chinese healthy males. 305 individuals were enrolled to identify NTCP c.800C > T, OATP1B1 c.521T > C and BCRP c.421C > A genotypes by direct sequencing and pyrosequencing methods, respectively. 17 healthy volunteers who were OATP1B1 c.521TT and BCRP c.421CC wild-type homozygotes with different NTCP c.800C > T genotype were selected to participate in this pharmacokinetic study. Nine were NTCP c.800CC wild-type homozygotes and the other eight subjects were carriers with at least one c.800T variant allele (seven subjects with c.800CT genotype and one was homozygote of c.800TT). All the subjects received a single oral dose of 10 mg rosuvastatin. The plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin were measured up to 72 h by a LC-MS method. NTCP c.800C > T genetic polymorphism markedly effected rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. The AUC(o-72) and AUC(0 --> ∞) in subjects with NTCP c.800CT + TT genotype were 56% (162.64 ± 37.55 vs. 103.99 ± 28.15 ng x h/ml, P = 0.016) and 57% greater (178.51 ± 42.75 vs. 113.60 ± 33.73 ng x h/ml, P = 0.020) than those in the c.800CC wild-type subjects, respectively. In the c.800CT + TT mutant group, the C(max) was about 78% higher than those in c.800CC genotype (14.31 ± 3.63 vs. 8.04 ± 1.72 ng x h/ml, P = 0.004). The oral clearance (CL/F) of rosuvastatin in subjects with the c.800CT+TT genotype was only 63% of those in the c.800CC genotype (58.32 ± 12.16 vs. 93.04 ± 20.61 ng x h/ml, P = 0.009). The half-time (T1/2) and the T(max) had no significant difference between two groups (p = 0.466 and 0.713, respectively). NTCP c.800C > T polymorphism play a critical role in the individual variability of rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics in Chinese healthy males after excluding the impact of OATP1B1 c.521T > C and BCRP c.421C > A polymorphisms.

Taxonomy of the ant genus Carebara Westwood (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in the Malagasy Region.

PubMed

Azorsa, Frank; Fisher, Brian L

2018-01-01

The genus Carebara is revised for the Malagasy region, and based on the examination of over 10,000 specimens, twenty-three species are recognized. Twenty one of these are described as new ( C. bara sp. n. , C. berivelo sp. n. , C. betsi sp. n. , C. creolei sp. n. , C. demeter sp. n. , C. dota sp. n. , C. hainteny sp. n. , C. hiragasy sp. n. , C. jajoby sp. n. , C. kabosy sp. n. , C. lova sp. n. , C. mahafaly sp. n. , C. malagasy sp. n. , C. omasi sp. n. , C. placida sp. n. , C. raberi sp. n. , C. salegi sp. n. , C. sampi sp. n. , C. tana sp. n. , C. tanana sp. n. , C. vazimba sp. n. ), and two are redescribed, C. grandidieri Forel (= C. voeltzkowi Forel n. syn. ) and C. nosindambo Forel. A lectotype is designated for C. nosindambo. C. creolei sp. n. is known only from Mauritius and Seychelles, C. grandidieri Forel is distributed in Comoros, Madagascar and Mayotte, and the other twenty-one species are endemic to Madagascar. Most of the Carebara species recorded in this work are endemic to a specific habitat (ecoregion), but some of them ( C. bara sp. n. , C. grandidieri Forel, C. jajoby sp. n. , C. kabosy sp. n. , and C. nosindambo Forel) are widespread within Madagascar across all major habitats. The worker caste of Carebara can be differentiated from other genera in the Myrmicinae subfamily by the presence of the following combination of characters: antennae of eight to eleven segments, with a two-segmented club; anterior clypeal margin without central isolated seta (rarely present in some species or specimens), and usually with four distinct setae; mandibles with four to seven teeth (except in one species from Ghana - C. crigensis with three teeth); and palp formula 2,2 or 1,2. We report that almost all Carebara species found in the Malagasy region have intermediates (distinct forms) in the major worker subcaste, with the largest major workers showing remnants of queen flight sclerites and ocelli. The widespread presence of intermediates in the major worker subcaste expands the morphological boundaries of Carebara . We present an overview of the natural history of Carebara in the Malagasy region, an illustrated key for the identification of the known Malagasy species of Carebara , as well as high-resolution images and distribution maps. Unique identifiers are used for all specimens studied, including type material, and the raw data that forms the basis of this study are available on www.antweb.org (open access).

Influence of time, temperature and coagulation on the measurement of C3, C3 split products and C4.

PubMed

Sinosich, M J; Teisner, B; Brandslund, I; Fisher, M; Grudzinskas, J G

1982-11-26

Quantitative and qualitative immunoelectrophoretic analyses of circulating C3, C3 split products and C4 were performed in matched EDTA plasma and serum obtained from 5 normal subjects and stored for up to 48 h at room temperature (18 degrees C-22 degrees C) and 4 degrees C. Fluctuations in apparent levels of C3 were greater in serum than plasma stored at room temperature, a fall in levels seen by 24 h being followed by a significant increase. By contrast, levels of C3 did not alter if stored at 4 degrees C. C4 levels in both EDTA plasma and serum remained unchanged for 24 h, a slight decrease being seen at 48 h. Levels of C4 remained constant if samples were stored at 4 degrees C. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed a significant progressive decrease in C3 levels and a simultaneous increase in C3c occurring after 4 h in serum and 8 h in EDTA plasma, stored at room temperature. In studies conducted at 4 degrees C, similar but delayed fluctuations were seen. A progressive and significant increase in C3d levels was seen in both plasma and serum samples stored at room temperature, levels rising to 276% (plasma) and 308% (serum) of levels seen at zero time. At 4 degrees C marginal increases in C3d levels only were observed. These results suggest that in vitro degradation of C3 and C4 are readily facilitated by temperature, time and coagulation, and that conditions of collection and storage of samples must be optimized for the accurate definition of activation of the complement cascade.

Genetic parameters and breeding strategies for high levels of iron and zinc in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

PubMed

Martins, S M; Melo, P G S; Faria, L C; Souza, T L P O; Melo, L C; Pereira, H S

2016-06-10

One of the current focus of common bean breeding programs in Brazil is to increase iron (FeC) and zinc content (ZnC) in grains. The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for FeC and ZnC in common bean, verify the need for conducting multi-site evaluation tests, identify elite lines that combine high FeC and ZnC with good adaptability, stability, and agronomic potential, and examine the genetic association between FeC and ZnC. Elite lines (140) were evaluated for important agronomic traits in multiple environments. In one trial, FeC and ZnC were evaluated and genetic parameters were estimated. Based on the high heritability estimates and significant selection gains obtained, the conditions for a successful selection was favorable. Of the 140 evaluated lines, 17 had higher FeC and ZnC, and were included in the validation test (2013, five environments), specifically for the evaluation of FeC and ZnC. The line by environment interaction for FeC and ZnC was detected, but it was predominantly simple. The environmental effect strongly influenced FeC and ZnC . The environment Brasília/rainy season was selected as the best evaluation site for preliminary tests for FeC and ZnC, because it resulted in similar conclusions as the mean of the five environments. The lines CNFP 15701 and CNFC 15865 had higher FeC and ZnC and were highly adaptable and stable, and are recommended for utilization in breeding programs. The lines CNFC 15833, CNFC 15703, and CNFP 15676 showed excellent combined agronomic and nutritional traits, and were selected for the development of biofortified cultivars. Additionally, the genetic association between FeC and ZnC was detected.

Feasibility of translaminar screw placement in Korean population: morphometric analysis of cervical spine.

PubMed

Ji, Gyu Yeul; Oh, Chang Hyun; Park, Sang Hyuk; Kurniawan, Ferry; Lee, Junho; Jeon, Jae Kyun; Shin, Dong Ah; Kim, Keung Nyun

2015-01-01

To analyze the feasibility of unilateral and bilateral translaminar screw placement in Koran population, and compare the acceptance rate using previously reported data in American population. The translaminar lengths, thickness, heights, and sagittal-diagonal measurements were performed. The feasibility analysis was performed using unilateral and bilateral 3.5 mm cervical screw placement on the CT scans within 0.5 mm of safety margin. We also performed radiographic analysis of the morphometric dimensions and the feasibility of unilateral and bilateral translaminar screw placement at C3-C7. Korean population had similar or significantly shorter translaminar lengths and thickness (lengths and thickness in C7 among males; lengths in C6-C7 and thickness in C4 among females) than American population, but had similar or significantly longer translaminar heights and sagittal-diagonal measurements (heights in C3-C7 and sagittal-diagonal measurements in C3-C6 among males; heights in C7 and sagittal-diagonal measurements in C3-C7 among females). Unilaterally, translaminar screw acceptance rates in C3-C7 were similar between Korean and American male population, but the rates in C4-C6 were significantly smaller between Korean and American female population. Bilaterally, translaminar screw acceptance rates in C3 and C5-C6 were significantly larger between Korean and American male population, but the rates in C3-C7 were similar between Korean and American female population. The feasibility of unilateral and bilateral translaminar screw placement is different depending on different ethnics. Subaxial cervical unilateral translaminar screw placement among Korean male population and bilateral placement at C4-C7 among Korean female population are more acceptable than American population.

Carbon storage potential increases with increasing ratio of C4 to C3 grass cover and soil productivity in restored tallgrass prairies.

PubMed

Spiesman, Brian J; Kummel, Herika; Jackson, Randall D

2018-02-01

Long-term soil carbon (C) storage is essential for reducing CO 2 in the atmosphere. Converting unproductive and environmentally sensitive agricultural lands to grasslands for bioenergy production may enhance C storage. However, a better understanding of the interacting effects of grass functional composition (i.e., relative abundance of C 4 and C 3 grass cover) and soil productivity on C storage will help guide sustainable grassland management. Our objective was to examine the relationship between grass functional composition and potential C storage and how it varies with potential soil productivity. We estimated C inputs from above- and belowground net primary productivity (ANPP and BNPP), and heterotrophic respiration (R H ) to calculate net ecosystem production (NEP), a measure of potential soil C storage, in grassland plots of relatively high- and low-productivity soils spanning a gradient in the ratio of C 4 to C 3 grass cover (C 4 :C 3 ). NEP increased with increasing C 4 :C 3 , but only in potentially productive soils. The positive relationship likely stemmed from increased ANPP, rather than BNPP, which was possibly related to efficient resource-use and physiological/anatomical advantages of C 4 plants. R H was negatively correlated with C 4 :C 3 , possibly because of changes in microclimate or plant-microbe interactions. It is possible that in potentially productive soils, C storage can be enhanced by favoring C 4 over C 3 grasses through increased ANPP and BNPP and reduced R H . Results also suggest that potential C storage gains from C 4 productivity would not be undermined by a corresponding increase in R H .

Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Related Cardiac Troponin C L29Q Mutation Alters Length-Dependent Activation and Functional Effects of Phosphomimetic Troponin I*

PubMed Central

Li, Alison Y.; Stevens, Charles M.; Liang, Bo; Rayani, Kaveh; Little, Sean; Davis, Jonathan; Tibbits, Glen F.

2013-01-01

The Ca2+ binding properties of the FHC-associated cardiac troponin C (cTnC) mutation L29Q were examined in isolated cTnC, troponin complexes, reconstituted thin filament preparations, and skinned cardiomyocytes. While higher Ca2+ binding affinity was apparent for the L29Q mutant in isolated cTnC, this phenomenon was not observed in the cTn complex. At the level of the thin filament in the presence of phosphomimetic TnI, L29Q cTnC further reduced the Ca2+ affinity by 27% in the steady-state measurement and increased the Ca2+ dissociation rate by 20% in the kinetic studies. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that L29Q destabilizes the conformation of cNTnC in the presence of phosphomimetic cTnI and potentially modulates the Ca2+ sensitivity due to the changes of the opening/closing equilibrium of cNTnC. In the skinned cardiomyocyte preparation, L29Q cTnC increased Ca2+ sensitivity in a highly sarcomere length (SL)-dependent manner. The well-established reduction of Ca2+ sensitivity by phosphomimetic cTnI was diminished by 68% in the presence of the mutation and it also depressed the SL-dependent increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. This might result from its modified interaction with cTnI which altered the feedback effects of cross-bridges on the L29Q cTnC-cTnI-Tm complex. This study demonstrates that the L29Q mutation alters the contractility and the functional effects of the phosphomimetic cTnI in both thin filament and single skinned cardiomyocytes and importantly that this effect is highly sarcomere length dependent. PMID:24260207

Effect of Interface Modified by Graphene on the Mechanical and Frictional Properties of Carbon/Graphene/Carbon Composites

PubMed Central

Yang, Wei; Luo, Ruiying; Hou, Zhenhua

2016-01-01

In this work, we developed an interface modified by graphene to simultaneously improve the mechanical and frictional properties of carbon/graphene/carbon (C/G/C) composite. Results indicated that the C/G/C composite exhibits remarkably improved interfacial bonding mode, static and dynamic mechanical performance, thermal conductivity, and frictional properties in comparison with those of the C/C composite. The weight contents of carbon fibers, graphene and pyrolytic carbon are 31.6, 0.3 and 68.1 wt %, respectively. The matrix of the C/G/C composite was mainly composed of rough laminar (RL) pyrocarbon. The average hardness by nanoindentation of the C/G/C and C/C composite matrices were 0.473 and 0.751 GPa, respectively. The flexural strength (three point bending), interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), interfacial debonding strength (IDS), internal friction and storage modulus of the C/C composite were 106, 10.3, 7.6, 0.038 and 12.7 GPa, respectively. Those properties of the C/G/C composite increased by 76.4%, 44.6%, 168.4% and 22.8%, respectively, and their internal friction decreased by 42.1% in comparison with those of the C/C composite. Owing to the lower hardness of the matrix, improved fiber/matrix interface bonding strength, and self-lubricating properties of graphene, a complete friction film was easily formed on the friction surface of the modified composite. Compared with the C/C composite, the C/G/C composite exhibited stable friction coefficients and lower wear losses at simulating air-plane normal landing (NL) and rejected take-off (RTO). The method appears to be a competitive approach to improve the mechanical and frictional properties of C/C composites simultaneously. PMID:28773613

Cysteine Scanning Mutagenesis of TM4b-4c Loop of Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Reveals Three Conformationally Sensitive Residues.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenlong; Zhang, Xiuping; Qu, Shaogang

2018-07-01

Glutamatergic synaptic transmitters are cleared from the synaptic cleft through excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) that are responsible for recycling glutamate and transporting it into neurons and glial cells. To probe the structural role of the TM4b-4c loop of EAAT1 ( Rattus norvegicus ), each of the 57 amino acid residues was mutated to cysteine. Thirteen of the single mutants have very low transport activity. Aqueous accessibility of the introduced cysteines from the remaining mutants was then explored by membrane-permeant and membrane-impermeant sulfhydryl reagents in different conditions. F190C, V238C, and A243C were affected by MTSET, whereas Q189C, F190C, V238C, A243C, and L244C were sensitive to MTSEA. Q189C and L244C transport activity was diminished in the presence of potassium, which is expected to favor the inward-facing conformation of the transporter. Inversely, L244C was protected by glutamate. The modification of A243C by MTSEA was enhanced by either potassium and glutamate or dl- threo -β-benzyloxyaspartate. From these results, we suggest that residues F190C, V238C, and A243C may be located near the extracellular surface, and the TM4b-4c loop forms multiple reentrant membrane loops on the cell surface. Alternatively, F190C, V238C, and A243C may function in the transport pathway, which is exposed to MTSET. In addition, Q189C, A243C, and L244C are conformationally sensitive and may play a role in the transport cycle. Copyright © 2018 by The Author(s).

Dynamic Displays for Tactical Planning. Volume I. User-Oriented Description

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

0 co z 0 0 ca> LI )) 0- C0 C C) C c)) 󈧅- Q.) 0 ’’a 0 C Qa) 03 Un C U C c -C c w0 Q0 (D 3 -T-C Q 4 C - - CL - 0a U0.- "-4 CD -i -i ro (v : C...8217(, 4 A[)(NANO’J L) I HIj A4 T IN: t)AM3-4(Jm I i~iu TCAT4 TFCHNICAl. ClbMI-(Y I Q) r H IE F, M U A \\11 NL SU U HL. S I V LL U P NiN I AV I lis 4ADCiJ...E-IINIV SKMI\\A, O NL O~L I lIS LLFCTHONIC Pk)vIt(, INUOND ATTN., 5ItEFN.MI-b I )A,A (ILIA) DEP’iI y FUR bCILNCE AlNU T C.HNOILUIY I (LEG OF NAVA’L

Parametric Engineering System Definition Model. Volume II. Appendix C. FORTRAN Listings

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

x ý_ .V L , x 0w X: U Aw a U= U2 LL (A9 > cAL .D- 3: w.. = L I- ;< c Q 4 -- uj- 2: UZLL - ccZ4 .W - U. C ~ U- FLJ LLt- CLL>JuU. j Z Xf jZ x V- *O L...ý - P- u Z.." - S.. = 2- U :- - - - LUý zz w z c IN.U 4( 4 U.-JC uI. 0 > u .C Cj ’t a. u c , L0> V)QV)e in G.t O~ .0 P- ct tD ~ *-cMc" -t m C c...7 0 7; n, C-1600 z c t= orw > w I Z z z. z Z tn - w 1 t CU Z ": < - z -a>- C- LL Z = z - , - a I-. LU * C-161 0X w -U. c td , Ln U-lU_ U. LL.- Wj~ W z

Threat and Opportunity: The Soviet View of the Strategic Defense Initiative.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

34 ýECGRi ry C1ASFCT6 /1 TW /~Ee)0’ REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE la REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS UNCLASS IF IED 2a SECURITY...media: 72 Ln Ln tio Cd N 0 co 0 a cm, la , N~ N~ 4-)d) Q- C) .01 Cd I E-4* -2; a N 00 N Ln~~ 0 H 0 00 0 41 Cd ONa rNL *’ cm M.. 0C C 0. uC 02 c c C...4.3- 4.3 .0 C . a C La HH 4J :1 04. 0j 4.H0 ( L. 0 ’Caa) 0 0 a,0(1 -40 .C l fl 94 0 *21 0 ; * H H C 0 u ,) Ole- 1O C. L aC0C 4.) .4 0 P 4-’OC a, a,02

An Evaluation of an Automatic Cell Detection and Tracking Algorithm.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-11-03

OUTPUT CENTRCIC 2 N 5 fR %F4 Q 11 Ct, VE L CC. ’ SER Ar MM X R CZL L 2 TRA A1M RNG AV PK V x L A KC IC AV CELL MSK# "T I[ IC AOT. DIV . uL NC OEC K DO8 CE...C go Km EC EP/ ISK.4/ K ,C tC 0 Sk 1 CS 333 164 4? 44 I CoC C.C c 1 2C.2 1. 1.1 ; 5 C C C.CC C.-C C, Yft HMM AREA *FLUX NEAR NEIGMEQR ACT kC NC...InIt Iof It e ru. , ng p I sihbt areas of ailgorjithi breaikdoari. A~n aver-aIe 5V~ ’f the I"u. 11 teo ’ b% 1try toe A Il are tAi(ti ’iti ar)tiet

Quo vadis C(4)? An ecophysiological perspective on global change and the future of C(4) plants.

PubMed

Sage, Rowan F; Kubien, David S

2003-01-01

C(4) plants are directly affected by all major global change parameters, often in a manner that is distinct from that of C(3) plants. Rising CO(2) generally stimulates C(3) photosynthesis more than C(4), but C(4) species still exhibit positive responses, particularly at elevated temperature and arid conditions where they are currently common. Acclimation of photosynthesis to high CO(2) occurs in both C(3) and C(4) plants, most notably in nutrient-limited situations. High CO(2) aggravates nitrogen limitations and in doing so may favor C(4) species, which have greater photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. C(4) photosynthesis is favored by high temperature, but global warming will not necessarily favor C(4) over C(3) plants because the timing of warming could be more critical than the warming itself. C(3) species will likely be favored where harsh winter climates are moderated, particularly where hot summers also become drier and less favorable to C(4) plant growth. Eutrophication of soils by nitrogen deposition generally favors C(3) species by offsetting the superior nitrogen use efficiency of C(4) species; this should allow C(3) species to expand at the expense of C(4) plants. Land-use change and biotic invasions are also important global change factors that affect the future of C(4) plants. Human exploitation of forested landscapes favors C(4) species at low latitude by removing woody competitors and opening gaps in which C(4) grasses can establish. Invasive C(4) grasses are causing widespread forest loss in Asia, the Americas and Oceania by accelerating fire cycles and reducing soil nutrient status. Once established, weedy C(4) grasses can prevent woodland establishment, and thus arrest ecological succession. In sum, in the future, certain C(4) plants will prosper at the expense of C(3) species, and should be able to adjust to the changes the future brings.

Determination of molecular structure of succinic acid in a very complex conformational landscape: Gas-phase electron diffraction (GED) and ab initio studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vogt, Natalja; Abaev, Maxim A.; Rykov, Anatolii N.; Shishkov, Igor F.

2011-06-01

The molecular structure of succinic acid has been investigated by the gas-phase electron diffraction (GED) method for the first time. According to predictions of MP2/cc-pVTZ calculations, the molecule has 18 stable conformers with the C sbnd C sbnd C sbnd C chain in the gauche ( G) or anti ( A) configuration, and four of them, I ( G), II ( A), III ( G) and IV ( A) belonging to the C 2, C 2h, C 1 and C 1 point groups, respectively, with relative energies ΔE ZPE within 2.2 kcal/mol can be present at the experimental temperature of 445 K in noticeable amounts. The ratio of the conformers I:II:III:IV = 45(15):20(15):10(assumed):25(15) (in %) has been determined in the GED analysis guided by theoretical predictions. To take into account vibrational effects, the corrections Δ( r e - r a) to the experimental r a bond lengths were calculated from the MP2/cc-pVTZ quadratic and cubic force constants. The obtained equilibrium structural parameters of the dominant conformer I are the following (bond lengths in Å, angles in degrees): r e(C sp3sbnd C sp3) = 1.508(3), r e(C sp3sbnd C sp2) = 1.499(2), r e(C sbnd O) = 1.343(2), r e(C dbnd O) = 1.202(1), e(C sbnd C sbnd C) = 111.8(4), e(C sbnd C sbnd O) = 112.0(4), e(O sbnd C dbnd O) = 123.0(1), τ(C sbnd C sbnd C sbnd C) = 69.9(11). Yielding the best agreement with the GED structure, the MP2/cc-pVQZ approximation overestimates the C sbnd O and C dbnd O bond lengths by ca. 0.005(2) Å.

Selected exonic sequencing of the AGXT gene provides a genetic diagnosis in 50% of patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1.

PubMed

Williams, Emma; Rumsby, Gill

2007-07-01

Definitive diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) requires analysis of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) activity in the liver. We have previously shown that targeted screening for the 3 most common mutations in the AGXT gene (c.33_34insC, c.508G>A, and c.731T>C) can provide a molecular diagnosis in 34.5% of PH1 patients, eliminating the need for a liver biopsy. Having reviewed the distribution of all AGXT mutations, we have evaluated a diagnostic strategy that uses selected exon sequencing for the molecular diagnosis of PH1. We sequenced exons 1, 4, and 7 for 300 biopsy-confirmed PH1 patients and expressed the identified missense mutations in vitro. Our identification of at least 1 mutation in 224 patients (75%) and 2 mutations in 149 patients increased the diagnostic sensitivity to 50%. We detected 29 kinds of sequence changes, 15 of which were novel. Four of these mutations were in exon 1 (c.2_3delinsAT, c.30_32delCC, c.122G>A, c.126delG), 7 were in exon 4 (c.447_454delGCTGCTGT, c.449T>C, c.473C>T, c.481G>A, c.481G>T, c.497T>C, c.424-2A>G), and 4 were in exon 7 (c.725insT, c.737G>A, c.757T>C, c.776 + 1G>A). The missense changes were associated with severely decreased AGT catalytic activity and negative immunoreactivity when expressed in vitro. Missense mutation c.26C>A, previously described as a pathological mutation, had activity similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. Selective exon sequencing can allow a definitive diagnosis in 50% of PH1 patients. The test offers a rapid turnaround time (15 days) with minimal risk to the patient. Demonstration of the expression of missense changes is essential to demonstrate pathogenicity.

Investigation on the relationship between NbC and wear-resistance of Fe matrix composite coatings with different C contents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Changchun; Zhou, Yefei; Xing, Xiaolei; Liu, Sha; Ren, Xuejun; Yang, Qingxiang

2018-05-01

The wear resistance of Fe-based composite coating is significantly related with the character of carbides and matrix, which could be strongly affected by C content in it. In this work, the Fe-based composite coatings with different C contents were prepared. The microstructure and phase structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were determined. Then the hardness and brittleness of carbon poor niobium carbides were calculated by first principles calculation. The results show that, the phase structures of the coatings are mainly composed of NbC, γ phase (retained austenite) and α phase (martensite). With the increase of C content, the retained austenite appears and C content of martensite is increased. The hardness of the coatings are increased from HRC 22 to HRC 59. The distribution and morphology of NbC are changed with the increase of C content. The NbC precipitated in reticular grain boundary can be observed when C content is 0.4 wt.% C (C-1). NbC turn into granular and small rod morphology when C content increases to 0.8 wt.% C (C-2). The cracks and defects cannot been found on the surface of the coating when C content is 1.2 wt.% C(C-3), whose hardness is HRC 58 and wear loss is 0.27 g/N cm2 in 8 h. The flaky M7C3 carbide precipitates on the coating when C content is 1.4 wt.% C(C-4), which weaken the wear resistance of the matrix. Compared with the hardfacing coatings with different C contents, the C-3 coating processes higher hardness and wear resistance.

[Effects of canine IL-2 and IL-7 genes on enhancing immunogenicity of canine parvovirus VP2 gene vaccine in mice].

PubMed

Chen, Huihui; Zhong, Fei; Li, Xiujin; Wang, Lu; Sun, Yan; Neng, Changai; Zhang, Kao; Li, Wenyan; Wen, Jiexia

2012-11-04

To investigate the effects of canine interleukin-2 (cIL-2) and cIL-7 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 DNA vaccine. The bicistronic vectors of cIL-2 and cIL-7 genes were constructed using the eukaryotic expression vector containing internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The cIL-2/ cIL-7 dicistronic vector plus previously constructed vectors, including CPV VP2 DNA vaccine vector, cIL-2 vector and cIL-7 vector, were used to co-immunize mice with different combinations, consisting of VP2 alone, VP2 + cIL-2, VP2 + cIL-7 and VP2 + cIL-2/cIL-7. The VP2-specific antibody levels in immunized mice were measured by ELISA at different time post-immunization. The proliferation indices and interferon-gamma expression were measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and ELISA, respectively. The cIL-2/cIL-7 bicistronic vector was correct and could mediate cIL-2 and cIL-7 gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Immunization results revealed that the antibody titers and the neutralizing antibody levels of the mice co-immunized with VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vectors were significantly higher than that with either VP2 + cIL-2 vectors or VP2 + cIL-7 vectors (P < 0.05). The lymphocyte proliferation indices of VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vector-immunized mice were also higher than that of other two groups although not statistically significant. However, the IFN-gamma expression levels of VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vector-immunized mice were significantly higher than other immunized mice (P < 0.05). The cIL-2 and cIL-7 genes showed the significant synergic effects on enhancing the immunogenecity of CPV VP2 DNA vaccine.

Point mutations in the tri-helix bundle of the M-domain of cardiac myosin binding protein-C influence systolic duration and delay cardiac relaxation.

PubMed

van Dijk, Sabine J; Kooiker, Kristina B; Napierski, Nathaniel C; Touma, Katia D; Mazzalupo, Stacy; Harris, Samantha P

2018-06-01

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is an essential regulatory protein required for proper systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation. We previously showed that N'-terminal domains of cMyBP-C stimulate contraction by binding to actin and activating the thin filament in vitro. In principle, thin filament activating effects of cMyBP-C could influence contraction and relaxation rates, or augment force amplitude in vivo. cMyBP-C binding to actin could also contribute to an internal load that slows muscle shortening velocity as previously hypothesized. However, the functional significance of cMyBP-C binding to actin has not yet been established in vivo. We previously identified an actin binding site in the regulatory M-domain of cMyBP-C and described two missense mutations that either increased (L348P) or decreased (E330K) binding affinity of recombinant cMyBP-C N'-terminal domains for actin in vitro. Here we created transgenic mice with either the L348P or E330K mutations to determine the functional significance of cMyBP-C binding to actin in vivo. Results showed that enhanced binding of cMyBP-C to actin in L348P-Tg mice prolonged the time to end-systole and slowed relaxation rates. Reduced interactions between cMyBP-C and actin in E330K-Tg mice had the opposite effect and significantly shortened the duration of ejection. Neither mouse model displayed overt systolic dysfunction, but L348P-Tg mice showed diastolic dysfunction presumably resulting from delayed relaxation. We conclude that cMyBP-C binding to actin contributes to sustained thin filament activation at the end of systole and during isovolumetric relaxation. These results provide the first functional evidence that cMyBP-C interactions with actin influence cardiac function in vivo. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Roles for Cardiac MyBP-C in Maintaining Myofilament Lattice Rigidity and Prolonging Myosin Cross-Bridge Lifetime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Palmer, B.M.; Sadayappan, S.; Wang, Y.

2011-10-06

We investigated the influence of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) and its constitutively unphosphorylated status on the radial and longitudinal stiffnesses of the myofilament lattice in chemically skinned myocardial strips of the following mouse models: nontransgenic (NTG), effective null for cMyBP-C (t/t), wild-type cMyBP-C expressed into t/t (WT{sub t/t}), and constitutively unphosphorylated cMyBP-C (AllP{sub -t/t}). We found that the absence of cMyBP-C in the t/t and the unphosphorylated cMyBP-C in the AllP{sub -t/t} resulted in a compressible cardiac myofilament lattice induced by rigor not observed in the NTG and WT{sub t/t}. These results suggest that the presence and phosphorylation ofmore » the N-terminus of cMyBP-C provides structural support and radial rigidity to the myofilament lattice. Examination of myofilament longitudinal stiffness under rigor conditions demonstrated a significant reduction in cross-bridge-dependent stiffness in the t/t compared with NTG controls, but not in the AllP{sub -t/t} compared with WT{sub t/t} controls. The absence of cMyBP-C in the t/t and the unphosphorylated cMyBP-C in the AllP{sub -t/t} both resulted in a shorter myosin cross-bridge lifetime when myosin isoform was controlled. These data collectively suggest that cMyBP-C provides radial rigidity to the myofilament lattice through the N-terminus, and that disruption of the phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is sufficient to abolish this structural role of the N-terminus and shorten cross-bridge lifetime. Although the presence of cMyBP-C also provides longitudinal rigidity, phosphorylation of the N-terminus is not necessary to maintain longitudinal rigidity of the lattice, in contrast to radial rigidity.« less

Search for the rare decays J /ψ →D0e+e-+c .c . and ψ (3686 )→D0e+e-+c .c .

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.; Albrecht, M.; Amoroso, A.; An, F. F.; An, Q.; Bai, J. Z.; Bakina, O.; Baldini Ferroli, R.; Ban, Y.; Bennett, D. W.; Bennett, J. V.; Berger, N.; Bertani, M.; Bettoni, D.; Bian, J. M.; Bianchi, F.; Boger, E.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Cai, H.; Cai, X.; Cakir, O.; Calcaterra, A.; Cao, G. F.; Cetin, S. A.; Chai, J.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, X. R.; Chen, Y. B.; Chu, X. K.; Cibinetto, G.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dbeyssi, A.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denig, A.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; de Mori, F.; Ding, Y.; Dong, C.; Dong, J.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Dorjkhaidav, O.; Dou, Z. L.; Du, S. X.; Duan, P. F.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Fang, X.; Fang, Y.; Farinelli, R.; Fava, L.; Fegan, S.; Feldbauer, F.; Felici, G.; Feng, C. Q.; Fioravanti, E.; Fritsch, M.; Fu, C. D.; Gao, Q.; Gao, X. L.; Gao, Y.; Gao, Y. G.; Gao, Z.; Garzia, I.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, L.; Gong, W. X.; Gradl, W.; Greco, M.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, S.; Gu, Y. T.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, L. B.; Guo, R. P.; Guo, Y. P.; Haddadi, Z.; Hafner, A.; Han, S.; Hao, X. Q.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; He, X. Q.; Heinsius, F. H.; Held, T.; Heng, Y. K.; Holtmann, T.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, C.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, T.; Hu, Y.; Huang, G. S.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, X. Z.; Huang, Z. L.; Hussain, T.; Ikegami Andersson, W.; Ji, Q.; Ji, Q. P.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiang, X. Y.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Johansson, T.; Julin, A.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kang, X. L.; Kang, X. S.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Ke, B. C.; Khan, T.; Kiese, P.; Kliemt, R.; Kloss, B.; Koch, L.; Kolcu, O. B.; Kopf, B.; Kornicer, M.; Kuemmel, M.; Kuhlmann, M.; Kupsc, A.; Kühn, W.; Lange, J. S.; Lara, M.; Larin, P.; Lavezzi, L.; Leithoff, H.; Leng, C.; Li, C.; Li, Cheng; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, F. Y.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, H. J.; Li, J. C.; Li, Jin; Li, Kang; Li, Ke; Li, Lei; Li, P. L.; Li, P. R.; Li, Q. Y.; Li, T.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, G. R.; Lin, D. X.; Liu, B.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, D.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, Feng; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, Huanhuan; Liu, Huihui; Liu, J. B.; Liu, J. P.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, Ke; Liu, L. D.; Liu, P. L.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Y. Y.; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Zhiqing; Long, Y. F.; Lou, X. C.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Y.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Lyu, X. R.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, L. L.; Ma, M. M.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, T.; Ma, X. N.; Ma, X. Y.; Ma, Y. M.; Maas, F. E.; Maggiora, M.; Malik, Q. A.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Marcello, S.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Mezzadri, G.; Min, J.; Min, T. J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Mo, Y. J.; Morales Morales, C.; Morello, G.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Muramatsu, H.; Musiol, P.; Mustafa, A.; Nefedov, Y.; Nerling, F.; Nikolaev, I. B.; Ning, Z.; Nisar, S.; Niu, S. L.; Niu, X. Y.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Pan, Y.; Papenbrock, M.; Patteri, P.; Pelizaeus, M.; Pellegrino, J.; Peng, H. P.; Peters, K.; Pettersson, J.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Poling, R.; Prasad, V.; Qi, H. R.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, J. J.; Qin, N.; Qin, X. S.; Qin, Z. H.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Redmer, C. F.; Richter, M.; Ripka, M.; Rong, G.; Rosner, Ch.; Ruan, X. D.; Sarantsev, A.; Savrié, M.; Schnier, C.; Schoenning, K.; Shan, W.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, P. X.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Song, J. J.; Song, W. M.; Song, X. Y.; Sosio, S.; Sowa, C.; Spataro, S.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, X. H.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. K.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, G. Y.; Tang, X.; Tapan, I.; Tiemens, M.; Tsednee, B. T.; Uman, I.; Varner, G. S.; Wang, B.; Wang, B. L.; Wang, D.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, Dan; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, W. P.; Wang, X. F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. H.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wang, Zongyuan; Weber, T.; Wei, D. H.; Wei, J. H.; Weidenkaff, P.; Wen, S. P.; Wiedner, U.; Wolke, M.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, L. J.; Wu, Z.; Xia, L.; Xia, Y.; Xiao, D.; Xiao, H.; Xiao, Y. J.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xie, Y. H.; Xiong, X. A.; Xiu, Q. L.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, J. J.; Xu, L.; Xu, Q. J.; Xu, Q. N.; Xu, X. P.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, W. C.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. J.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, L.; Yang, Y. H.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yin, J. H.; You, Z. Y.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, J. S.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, Y.; Yuncu, A.; Zafar, A. A.; Zeng, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, J. Q.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S. Q.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Y. T.; Zhang, Yang; Zhang, Yao; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Z. H.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, J. W.; Zhao, J. Y.; Zhao, J. Z.; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, W. J.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zhong, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhou, X. Y.; Zhou, Y. X.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, Y. C.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zotti, L.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.; Besiii Collaboration

2017-12-01

Using the data samples of (1310.6 ±7.2 )×106 J /ψ events and (448.1 ±2.9 )×106 ψ (3686 ) events collected with the BESIII detector, we search for the rare decays J /ψ →D0e+e-+c .c . and ψ (3686 )→D0e+e-+c .c . No significant signals are observed and the corresponding upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B (J /ψ →D0e+e-+c .c .)<8.5 ×10-8 and B (ψ (3686 )→D0e+e-+c .c .)<1.4 ×10-7 , respectively. Our limit on B (J /ψ →D0e+e-+c .c .) is more stringent by 2 orders of magnitude than the previous results, and B (ψ (3686 )→D0e+e-+c .c .) is measured for the first time.

FANCA Gene Mutations with 8 Novel Molecular Changes in Indian Fanconi Anemia Patients.

PubMed

Solanki, Avani; Mohanty, Purvi; Shukla, Pallavi; Rao, Anita; Ghosh, Kanjaksha; Vundinti, Babu Rao

2016-01-01

Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder, is known to be associated with 19 genes and a spectrum of clinical features. We studied FANCA molecular changes in 34 unrelated and 2 siblings of Indian patients with FA and have identified 26 different molecular changes of FANCA gene, of which 8 were novel mutations (a small deletion c.2500delC, 4 non-sense mutations c.2182C>T, c.2630C>G, c.3677C>G, c.3189G>A; and 3 missense mutations; c.1273G>C, c.3679 G>C, and c.3992 T>C). Among these only 16 patients could be assigned FA-A complementation group, because we could not confirm single exon deletions detected by MLPA or cDNA amplification by secondary confirmation method and due to presence of heterozygous non-pathogenic variations or heterozygous pathogenic mutations. An effective molecular screening strategy should be developed for confirmation of these mutations and determining the breakpoints for single exon deletions.

FANCA Gene Mutations with 8 Novel Molecular Changes in Indian Fanconi Anemia Patients

PubMed Central

Solanki, Avani; Mohanty, Purvi; Shukla, Pallavi; Rao, Anita; Ghosh, Kanjaksha; Vundinti, Babu Rao

2016-01-01

Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare heterogeneous genetic disorder, is known to be associated with 19 genes and a spectrum of clinical features. We studied FANCA molecular changes in 34 unrelated and 2 siblings of Indian patients with FA and have identified 26 different molecular changes of FANCA gene, of which 8 were novel mutations (a small deletion c.2500delC, 4 non-sense mutations c.2182C>T, c.2630C>G, c.3677C>G, c.3189G>A; and 3 missense mutations; c.1273G>C, c.3679 G>C, and c.3992 T>C). Among these only 16 patients could be assigned FA-A complementation group, because we could not confirm single exon deletions detected by MLPA or cDNA amplification by secondary confirmation method and due to presence of heterozygous non-pathogenic variations or heterozygous pathogenic mutations. An effective molecular screening strategy should be developed for confirmation of these mutations and determining the breakpoints for single exon deletions. PMID:26799702

Neutral Fe(IV) alkylidenes, including some that bind dinitrogen.

PubMed

Lindley, Brian M; Jacobs, Brian P; MacMillan, Samantha N; Wolczanski, Peter T

2016-03-11

Neutral, formally Fe(IV) alkylidene species are sought as plausible olefin metathesis catalysts, and the synthesis of several is described herein. The complexes are prepared via nucleophilic attack (Nu = MeLi, PhCH2K, 2-picolyllithium, Me2PCH2Li, MePhPCH2Li, Ph2PCH2Li) at the imine of cationic [mer-{κ-C,N,C-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH=N(2-C6H4-C(iPr)=)}Fe(PMe3)3][B(3,5-CF3-C6H3)4]. In contrast, MeMgCl and mesityllithium displaced and deprotonated bound PMe3, respectively. Structural details are provided for mer-{κ-C,N,C-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH(Bn)N(2-C6H4-C(iPr))}Fe{trans-(PMe3)2}N2 and {κ-C,N,C,P-(C6H4-yl)-2-CH(CH2PMe2)N(2-C6H4-C(iPr)=)}Fe(PMe3)2.

Search for the rare decays J / ψ → D 0 e + e − + c . c . and ψ ( 3686 ) → D 0 e + e − + c . c .

DOE PAGES

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.; ...

2017-12-01

Using the data samples of (1310.6 ± 7.2) × 10 6 J / ψ events and (448.1 ± 2.9) × 106 (3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, we search for the rare decays J / ψ → D 0e +e - + c.c. and (3686) → D 0e +e - + c.c.. No significant signals are observed and the corresponding upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B( J /more » ψ → D0e+e- + c.c.) < 8.5 × 10 -8 and B( (3686) → D0e+e- + c.c.) < 1.4 × 10 -7, respectively. Our limit on B( J / ψ → D 0e +e - + c.c.) is more stringent by two orders of magnitude than the previous results, and the B( (3686) → D 0e +e - + c.c.) is measured for the first time. « less

Search for the rare decays J / ψ → D 0 e + e − + c . c . and ψ ( 3686 ) → D 0 e + e − + c . c .

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Ahmed, S.

Using the data samples of (1310.6 ± 7.2) × 10 6 J / ψ events and (448.1 ± 2.9) × 106 (3686) events collected with the BESIII detector, we search for the rare decays J / ψ → D 0e +e - + c.c. and (3686) → D 0e +e - + c.c.. No significant signals are observed and the corresponding upper limits on the branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B( J /more » ψ → D0e+e- + c.c.) < 8.5 × 10 -8 and B( (3686) → D0e+e- + c.c.) < 1.4 × 10 -7, respectively. Our limit on B( J / ψ → D 0e +e - + c.c.) is more stringent by two orders of magnitude than the previous results, and the B( (3686) → D 0e +e - + c.c.) is measured for the first time. « less

Prime Contract Awards by Region and State, Fiscal Years 1980, 1981, 1982.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

40 C c 0 0) M .0.6 co L t2 CD ; : -j .S0 9 - t o) 0 m LL * 2 c M 0 r- E-0C 13 0U) c CL 0 &OO a) U. 0 a. c (0 c C CL E 0.0 C* o... 0 L:,e 0 c o4 Cl...0’ C, CL~ -0 .0 E 0 0 Mo~ U)o 0~ . .~ 4) m (D L)04 3 L> 0 0L _0 C_ - - Z m v ( _. ,’. (D. >~ 40 0 ob 0 0 c M 0 00 - 4-0 Cc Or M U)0 E a) U- CL 9 ...fO4) oE - 4 0. 0 0 i E . _c 0 M O-~ d -E - _ 0 0 0)0 000 0 C 0U0 0 0 >. EL 4) 4) 0 D - or 5 >. o- 0 0c & :Co( *4) r CD 0.00-. , ) 0> 0 0 0 0)O = - 0 9

Geographic List of Prime Contract Awards. Oct 91 - Sep 92. FY92. (Norwich Vermont - Melrose Virginia)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

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Study of Three Dimensional Transonic Flow Separations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

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Scale Effects on Cavitation Inception in Submerged Jets.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

C J C "! ’ IN - c L c ~co 414 ’.. CD 0 -. % *~ C ... C ’) e- ’ C %J 0. zL C ". 4., p.1 do Io CLIOU .. 41 . 9- zoo 186 a- G.L (%J"~ C %4 j 10 Go 0...David Taylor Naval Research and Development Center under Contract No.N00014-75- C -0378. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Report No...GRANT NUMNER(q) Kean Khoon oi Contract No. IOOO1 4-7 5- C -0378 S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION MAMIE ANG

Identity of the segment of human complement C8 recognized by complement regulatory protein CD59.

PubMed

Lockert, D H; Kaufman, K M; Chang, C P; Hüsler, T; Sodetz, J M; Sims, P J

1995-08-25

CD59 antigen is a membrane glycoprotein that inhibits the activity of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC), thereby protecting human cells from lysis by human complement. The inhibitory function of CD59 derives from its capacity to interact with both the C8 and C9 components of MAC, preventing assembly of membrane-inserted C9 polymer. MAC-inhibitory activity of CD59 is species-selective and is most effective when both C8 and C9 derive from human or other primate plasma. Rabbit C8 and C9, which can substitute for human C8 and C9 in MAC, mediate virtually unrestricted lysis of human cells expressing CD59. In order to identify the segment of human C8 that is recognized by CD59, recombinant peptides containing human or rabbit C8 sequence were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. CD59 was found to specifically bind to a peptide corresponding to residues 334-385 of the human C8 alpha-subunit, and to require a disulfide bond between Cys345 and Cys369. No specific binding was observed to the corresponding sequence from rabbit C8 alpha (residues 334-386). To obtain functional evidence that this segment of human C8 alpha is selectively recognized by CD59, recombinant C8 proteins were prepared by co-transfecting COS-7 cells with human/rabbit chimeras of the C8 alpha cDNA, and cDNAs encoding the C8 beta and C8 gamma chains. Hemolytic activity of MAC formed with chimeric C8 was analyzed using target cells reconstituted with CD59. These experiments confirmed that CD59 recognizes a conformationally sensitive epitope that is within a segment of human C8 alpha internal to residues 320-415. Our data also suggest that optimal interaction of CD59 with this segment of human C8 alpha is influenced by N-terminal flanking sequence in C8 alpha and by human C8 beta, but is unaffected by C8 gamma.

Comparing cervical spine motion with different halo devices in a cadaveric cervical instability model.

PubMed

DiPaola, Christian P; Sawers, Andrew; Conrad, Bryan P; Horodyski, MaryBeth; DiPaola, Matthew J; Del Rossi, Gianluca; Rechtine, Glenn R

2009-01-15

Biomechanical evaluation of conventional and noninvasive halos in cadaveric C1-C2 and C5-C6 instability models. To compare the ability of a conventional halo and noninvasive halo (NIH) to immobilize the unstable cervical spine at the C1-C2 and C5-C6 levels. Many successful outcomes have been reported in cervical spine injury treatment with the conventional halo (CH); however, complications related to pin sites have been reported. The NIH was designed to overcome these complications. To date, no investigation has compared the biomechanical efficacy of the NIH with that of the CH in restricting three-dimensional cervical spine motion. A global instability was created at the C1-C2 level in 4 cadavers and at C5-C6 in 4 others. Relative motion was measured between the superior and inferior vertebrae during the donning process, execution of the log roll technique, and during the process of sitting up. This testing sequence was followed for all treatment conditions. During the application of the orthoses there was a significant increase in motion at C1-C2 instability and a trend toward increased motion at the C5-C6 instability with CH compared with NIH. In the log roll maneuver, the CH and NIH restrict motion to a similar degree at the C1-C2 instability level, except in frontal plane translation, where CH immobilizes the segment to a greater extent. For the C5-C6 instability the CH provides significantly better immobilization for lateral bending and axial translation. No significant differences were found between the NIH and CH for the sit-up maneuver at either of the levels. Donning of the NIH generates significantly less cervical spine motion than application of the CH. The CH provides superior immobilization for a C5-C6 instability during the log roll maneuver and a C1-C2 instability in the frontal plane during the log-roll maneuver. The CH and NIH immobilize the C1-C2 and C5-C6 instability to a similar degree during the sit-up maneuver.

Adaptation in constitutional dynamic libraries and networks, switching between orthogonal metalloselection and photoselection processes.

PubMed

Vantomme, Ghislaine; Jiang, Shimei; Lehn, Jean-Marie

2014-07-02

Constitutional dynamic libraries of hydrazones (a)A(b)B and acylhydrazones (a)A(c)C undergo reorganization and adaptation in response to a chemical effector (metal cations) or a physical stimulus (light). The set of hydrazones [(1)A(1)B, (1)A(2)B, (2)A(1)B, (2)A(2)B] undergoes metalloselection on addition of zinc cations which drive the amplification of Zn((1)A(2)B)2 by selection of the fittest component (1)A(2)B. The set of acylhydrazones [E-(1)A(1)C, (1)A(2)C, (2)A(1)C, (2)A(2)C] undergoes photoselection by irradiation of the system, which causes photoisomerization of E-(1)A(1)C into Z-(1)A(1)C with amplification of the latter. The set of acyl hydrazones [E-(1)A(1)C, (1)A(3)C, (2)A(1)C, (2)A(3)C] undergoes a dual adaptation via component exchange and selection in response to two orthogonal external agents: a chemical effector, metal cations, and a physical stimulus, light irradiation. Metalloselection takes place on addition of zinc cations which drive the amplification of Zn((1)A(3)C)2 by selection of the fittest constituent (1)A(3)C. Photoselection is obtained on irradiation of the acylhydrazones that leads to photoisomerization from E-(1)A(1)C to Z-(1)A(1)C configuration with amplification of the latter. These changes may be represented by square constitutional dynamic networks that display up-regulation of the pairs of agonists ((1)A(2)B, (2)A(1)B), (Z-(1)A(1)C, (2)A(2)C), ((1)A(3)C, (2)A(1)C), (Z-(1)A(1)C, (2)A(3)C) and the simultaneous down-regulation of the pairs of antagonists ((1)A(1)B, (2)A(2)B), ((1)A(2)C, (2)A(1)C), (E-(1)A(1)C, (2)A(3)C), ((1)A(3)C, (2)A(1)C). The orthogonal dual adaptation undergone by the set of acylhydrazones amounts to a network switching process.

Distraction Arthrodesis of the C1-C2 Facet Joint with Preservation of the C2 Root for the Management of Intractable Occipital Neuralgia Caused by C2 Root Compression.

PubMed

Yeom, Jin S; Riew, K Daniel; Kang, Sung Shik; Yi, Jemin; Lee, Gun Woo; Yeom, Arim; Chang, Bong-Soon; Lee, Choon-Ki; Kim, Ho-Joong

2015-10-15

Prospective observational cohort study. To compare the outcomes of our new technique, distraction arthrodesis of C1-C2 facet joint with C2 root preservation (Study group), to those of conventional C1-C2 fusion with C2 root transection (Control group) for the management of intractable occipital neuralgia caused by C2 root compression. We are not aware of any report concerning C2 root decompression during C1-C2 fusion. Inclusion criteria were visual analogue scale (VAS) score for occipital neuralgia 7 or more; C2 root compression at the collapsed C1-C2 neural foramen; and follow-up 12 months or more. The Study group underwent surgery with our new technique including (1) C1-C2 facet joint distraction and bone block insertion while preserving the C2 root; and (2) use of C1 posterior arch screws instead of conventional lateral mass screws during C1-C2 segmental screw fixation. The Control group underwent C2 root transection with C1-C2 segmental screw fixation and fusion. We compared the prospectively collected outcomes data. There were 15 patients in the Study group and 8 in the Control group. Although there was no significant difference in the VAS score for the occipital neuralgia between the 2 groups preoperatively (8.2 ± 0.9 vs. 7.9 ± 0.6, P = 0.39), it was significantly lower in the Study group at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.01, respectively). At 12 months, it was 0.4 ± 0.6 versus 2.5 ± 2.6 (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in improvement in the VAS score for neck pain and neck disability index and Japanese Orthopedic Association recovery rate, which are minimally influenced by occipital neuralgia. Our novel technique of distraction arthrodesis with C2 root preservation can be an effective option for the management of intractable occipital neuralgia caused by C2 root compression.

Design Calculations 105’ MLW Structure East Coast Air Combat Maneuvering Range Offshore Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-09-01

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Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place. Part 12 (International Insignia Corp -Korea Guano Co Ltd)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

LAO LADO 0000c, C1 -jI1(D I )-f 6r liI> P.- -It -IC(DC(0C0 DwwwwDD -14(D0(D ( 1 n0 Cl 000 NO> 11 < I 0c-l I -0Z N"U- C4 WZZZZZ Wzzzzzz uz Z (D z CDZ...00 000,-I 4 (1 1) 1 -1 of enc - -j cn 0o o( .>00 0)000000 0 - C, Q enCN 10 0- 0 0 0 - C 0- 00 0- 0 C 05C - C. 7 0000 0-r.4 Z0C0 I MC-i 11 (K -~.1 C...M( -40a (D > -0a H Eu10 I CO -f f𔃺-40> L- C in ENc -4M LN 01 4 L-C’) (0 c .4I(4 I -4 LN C 0 0 0( DI’-. L(0 0(c 0 -4 oco 00 H * .. :I (0 -4 <-4 z -1

Structural and electronic studies of metal carbide clusterfullerene Sc2C2@Cs-C72

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Yongqiang; Wang, Taishan; Wu, Jingyi; Feng, Lai; Xiang, Junfeng; Ma, Yihan; Zhang, Zhuxia; Jiang, Li; Shu, Chunying; Wang, Chunru

2013-07-01

We present a metal carbide clusterfullerene Sc2C2@Cs(10528)-C72, whose structure has been baffling for many years. A motional endohedral Sc2C2 cluster, special molecule geometry and electronic structure were found in Sc2C2@Cs(10528)-C72. The paramagnetic Sc2C2@Cs-C72 anion radical was successfully prepared by a chemical reduction method and hyperfine couplings in the ESR spectrum were observed.We present a metal carbide clusterfullerene Sc2C2@Cs(10528)-C72, whose structure has been baffling for many years. A motional endohedral Sc2C2 cluster, special molecule geometry and electronic structure were found in Sc2C2@Cs(10528)-C72. The paramagnetic Sc2C2@Cs-C72 anion radical was successfully prepared by a chemical reduction method and hyperfine couplings in the ESR spectrum were observed. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details, HPLC chromatogram, and DFT calculations. CCDC 917712. For ESI and crystallographic data in CIF or other electronic format see DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01739g

Amide-Directed Photoredox Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation at Unactivated sp3 C-H Bonds

PubMed Central

Chu, John C. K.; Rovis, Tomislav

2017-01-01

Carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is paramount in the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules, modern synthetic materials and commodity chemicals such as fuels and lubricants. Traditionally, the presence of a functional group is required at the site of C-C bond formation. Strategies that allow C-C bond formation at inert carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds allow scientists to access molecules which would otherwise be inaccessible and to develop more efficient syntheses of complex molecules.1,2 Herein we report a method for the formation of C-C bonds by directed cleavage of traditionally non-reactive C-H bonds and their subsequent coupling with readily available alkenes. Our methodology allows for the selective C-C bond formation at single C-H bonds in molecules that contain a multitude of seemingly indifferentiable such bonds. Selectivity arises through a relayed photoredox catalyzed oxidation of an N-H bond. We anticipate our findings to serve as a starting point for functionalization at inert C-H bonds through a hydrogen atom transfer strategy. PMID:27732580

An Unusual Role for a Mobile Flavin in StaC-like Indolocarbazole Biosynthetic Enzymes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldman, Peter J.; Ryan, Katherine S.; Hamill, Michael J.

2012-10-09

The indolocarbazole biosynthetic enzymes StaC, InkE, RebC, and AtmC mediate the degree of oxidation of chromopyrrolic acid on route to the natural products staurosporine, K252a, rebeccamycin, and AT2433-A1, respectively. Here, we show that StaC and InkE, which mediate a net 4-electron oxidation, bind FAD with a micromolar K{sub d}, whereas RebC and AtmC, which mediate a net 8-electron oxidation, bind FAD with a nanomolar K{sub d} while displaying the same FAD redox properties. We further create RebC-10x, a RebC protein with ten StaC-like amino acid substitutions outside of previously characterized FAD-binding motifs and the complementary StaC-10x. We find that thesemore » mutations mediate both FAD affinity and product specificity, with RebC-10x displaying higher StaC activity than StaC itself. X-ray structures of this StaC catalyst identify the substrate of StaC as 7-carboxy-K252c and suggest a unique mechanism for this FAD-dependent enzyme.« less

The Crystal Structure of Cobra Venom Factor, a Cofactor for C3- and C5-Convertase CVFBb

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krishnan, Vengadesan; Ponnuraj, Karthe; Xu, Yuanyuan

2009-05-26

Cobra venom factor (CVF) is a functional analog of human complement component C3b, the active fragment of C3. Similar to C3b, in human and mammalian serum, CVF binds factor B, which is then cleaved by factor D, giving rise to the CVFBb complex that targets the same scissile bond in C3 as the authentic complement convertases C4bC2a and C3bBb. Unlike the latter, CVFBb is a stable complex and an efficient C5 convertase. We solved the crystal structure of CVF, isolated from Naja naja kouthia venom, at 2.6 {angstrom} resolution. The CVF crystal structure, an intermediate between C3b and C3c, lacksmore » the TED domain and has the CUB domain in an identical position to that seen in C3b. The similarly positioned CUB and slightly displaced C345c domains of CVF could play a vital role in the formation of C3 convertases by providing important primary binding sites for factor B.« less

The crystal structure of cobra venom factor, a cofactor for C3- and C5-convertase CVFBb.

PubMed

Krishnan, Vengadesan; Ponnuraj, Karthe; Xu, Yuanyuan; Macon, Kevin; Volanakis, John E; Narayana, Sthanam V L

2009-04-15

Cobra venom factor (CVF) is a functional analog of human complement component C3b, the active fragment of C3. Similar to C3b, in human and mammalian serum, CVF binds factor B, which is then cleaved by factor D, giving rise to the CVFBb complex that targets the same scissile bond in C3 as the authentic complement convertases C4bC2a and C3bBb. Unlike the latter, CVFBb is a stable complex and an efficient C5 convertase. We solved the crystal structure of CVF, isolated from Naja naja kouthia venom, at 2.6 A resolution. The CVF crystal structure, an intermediate between C3b and C3c, lacks the TED domain and has the CUB domain in an identical position to that seen in C3b. The similarly positioned CUB and slightly displaced C345c domains of CVF could play a vital role in the formation of C3 convertases by providing important primary binding sites for factor B.

31 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - United States Customs Service

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

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Biodegradation and adsorption of C1- and C2-phenanthrenes and C1- and C2-dibenzothiophenes in the presence of clay minerals: effect on forensic diagnostic ratios.

PubMed

Ugochukwu, Uzochukwu C; Head, Ian M; Manning, David A C

2014-07-01

The impact of modified montmorillonites on adsorption and biodegradation of crude oil C1-phenanthrenes, C1-dibenzothiophenes, C2-phenanthrenes and C2-dibenzothiophenes was investigated in aqueous clay/oil microcosm experiments with a hydrocarbon degrading microorganism community. Consequently, the effect on C1-dibenzothiophenes/C1-phenanthrenes, C2-dibenzothiophenes/C2-phenanthrenes, 2+3-methyldibenzothiophene/4-methyldibenzothiophene and 1-methyldibenzothiophene/4-methyldibenzothiophene ratios commonly used as diagnostic ratios for oil forensic studies was evaluated. The clay mineral samples were treated to produce acid activated montmorillonite, organomontmorillonite and homoionic montmorillonite which were used in this study. The different clay minerals (modified and unmodified) showed varied degrees of biodegradation and adsorption of the C1-phenanthrenes, C1-dibenzothiophenes, C2-phenanthrenes and C2-dibenzothiophenes. The study indicated that as opposed to biodegradation, adsorption has no effect on the diagnostic ratios. Among the diagnostic ratios reviewed, only C2-dibenzothiophenes/C2-phenanthrenes ratio was neither affected by adsorption nor biodegradation making this ratio very useful in forensic studies of oil spills and oil-oil correlation.

Genetic Analysis of 13 Iranian Families With Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1.

PubMed

Teimourian, Shahram; De Boer, Martin; Roos, Dirk; Isaian, Anna; Bemanian, Mohammad Hassan; Lashkary, Sharhzad; Nabavi, Mohammad; Arshi, Saba; Nateghian, Alireza; Sayyahfar, Shirin; Sazgara, Faezeh; Taheripak, Gholamreza; Alipour Fayez, Elham

2018-05-10

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that results from mutations in the ITGB2 gene. This gene encodes the CD18 subunit of β2 integrin leukocyte adhesion cell molecules. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired wound healing, inadequate pus formation, and delayed separation of the umbilical cord. Blood samples were taken from 13 patients after written consent had been obtained. Genomic DNA was extracted, and ITGB2 exons and exon-intron boundaries were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The products were examined by Sanger sequencing. In this study, 8 different previously reported mutations (intron7+1G>A, c.715G>A, c.1777 C>T, c.843del C, c.1768T>C, c.1821C>A, Intron7+1G>A, c.1885G>A) and 2 novel mutations (c.1821C>A; p.Tyr607Ter and c.1822C>T; p.Gln608Ter) were found. c.1821C>A (p.Tyr607Ter) and c.1822C>T (p.Gln608Ter) mutations should be included in the panel of carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.

A novel FKRP-related muscular dystrophy founder mutation in South African Afrikaner patients with a phenotype suggestive of a dystrophinopathy.

PubMed

Mudau, M M; Essop, F; Krause, A

2016-12-21

Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) muscular dystrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the FKRP gene. The condition is often misdiagnosed as a dystrophinopathy. A previously unreported mutation, c.1100T>C in exon 4 of FKRP, had been identified in homozygous form in two white South African (SA) Afrikaner patients clinically diagnosed with a dystrophinopathy. To investigate whether the c.1100T>C mutation and the common European FKRP mutation c.826C>A are present in other patients of Afrikaner origin with suspected dystrophinopathy, and whether a founder haplotype exists. The c.1100T>C mutation was initially tested for using an amplification refractory mutation system technique in 45 white SA Afrikaner patients who had tested negative using multiplex ligation probe amplification screening for exonic deletions/duplications in the dystrophin gene. Sequencing analysis was used to confirm the c.1100T>C mutation and screen for the c.826C>A mutation. Two cohorts (each numbering 100) of Afrikaans and other white controls were screened for the c.1100T>C and c.826C>A mutations, respectively. Of the 45 patients, 8 patients (17.8%) were homozygous for c.1100T>C, 2 (4.4%) were compound heterozygotes for c.1100T>C and c.826C>A, and 1 (2.2%) was heterozygous for c.1100T>C with a second unidentified mutation. The c.1100T>C mutation was found in 1/100 controls, but no heterozygotes for the c.826C>A mutation were identified. Linked marker analysis for c.1100T>C showed a common haplotype, suggesting a probable founder mutation in the SA Afrikaner population. FKRP mutations may be relatively common in Afrikaners, and screening should be considered in patients who have a suggestive phenotype and test negative for a dystrophinopathy. This test will be useful for offering diagnostic, carrier and prenatal testing for affected individuals and their families. As FKRP muscular dystrophy is autosomal recessive in inheritance, the implications of a positive diagnosis in a family differ significantly from those of an X-linked dystrophinopathy.

Candida glabrata Binding to Candida albicans Hyphae Enables Its Development in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis.

PubMed

Tati, Swetha; Davidow, Peter; McCall, Andrew; Hwang-Wong, Elizabeth; Rojas, Isolde G; Cormack, Brendan; Edgerton, Mira

2016-03-01

Pathogenic mechanisms of Candida glabrata in oral candidiasis, especially because of its inability to form hyphae, are understudied. Since both Candida albicans and C. glabrata are frequently co-isolated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), we examined their co-adhesion in vitro and observed adhesion of C. glabrata only to C. albicans hyphae microscopically. Mice were infected sublingually with C. albicans or C. glabrata individually, or with both species concurrently, to study their ability to cause OPC. Infection with C. glabrata alone resulted in negligible infection of tongues; however, colonization by C. glabrata was increased by co-infection or a pre-established infection with C. albicans. Furthermore, C. glabrata required C. albicans for colonization of tongues, since decreasing C. albicans burden with fluconazole also reduced C. glabrata. C. albicans hyphal wall adhesins Als1 and Als3 were important for in vitro adhesion of C. glabrata and to establish OPC. C. glabrata cell wall protein coding genes EPA8, EPA19, AWP2, AWP7, and CAGL0F00181 were implicated in mediating adhesion to C. albicans hyphae and remarkably, their expression was induced by incubation with germinated C. albicans. Thus, we found a near essential requirement for the presence of C. albicans for both initial colonization and establishment of OPC infection by C. glabrata.

Candida glabrata Binding to Candida albicans Hyphae Enables Its Development in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

PubMed Central

Tati, Swetha; Davidow, Peter; McCall, Andrew; Hwang-Wong, Elizabeth; Rojas, Isolde G.; Cormack, Brendan; Edgerton, Mira

2016-01-01

Pathogenic mechanisms of Candida glabrata in oral candidiasis, especially because of its inability to form hyphae, are understudied. Since both Candida albicans and C. glabrata are frequently co-isolated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), we examined their co-adhesion in vitro and observed adhesion of C. glabrata only to C. albicans hyphae microscopically. Mice were infected sublingually with C. albicans or C. glabrata individually, or with both species concurrently, to study their ability to cause OPC. Infection with C. glabrata alone resulted in negligible infection of tongues; however, colonization by C. glabrata was increased by co-infection or a pre-established infection with C. albicans. Furthermore, C. glabrata required C. albicans for colonization of tongues, since decreasing C. albicans burden with fluconazole also reduced C. glabrata. C. albicans hyphal wall adhesins Als1 and Als3 were important for in vitro adhesion of C. glabrata and to establish OPC. C. glabrata cell wall protein coding genes EPA8, EPA19, AWP2, AWP7, and CAGL0F00181 were implicated in mediating adhesion to C. albicans hyphae and remarkably, their expression was induced by incubation with germinated C. albicans. Thus, we found a near essential requirement for the presence of C. albicans for both initial colonization and establishment of OPC infection by C. glabrata. PMID:27029023

C3d enhanced DNA vaccination induced humoral immune response to glycoprotein C of pseudorabies virus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tong Tiezhu; Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070; Fan Huiying

2006-09-08

Murine C3d were utilized to enhance immunogenicity of pseudorabies virus (PrV) gC DNA vaccination. Three copies of C3d and four copies of CR2-binding domain M28{sub 4} were fused, respectively, to truncated gC gene encoding soluble glycoprotein C (sgC) in pcDNA3.1. BALB/c mice were, respectively, immunized with recombinant plasmids, blank vector, and inactivated vaccine. The antibody ELISA titer for sgC-C3d{sub 3} DNA was 49-fold more than that for sgC DNA, and the neutralizing antibody obtained 8-fold rise. Protection of mice from death after lethal PrV (316 LD{sub 5}) challenge was augmented from 25% to 100%. Furthermore, C3d fusion increased Th2-biased immunemore » response by inducing IL-4 production. The IL-4 level for sgC-C3d{sub 3} DNA immunization approached that for the inactivated vaccine. Compared to C3d, M28 enhanced sgC DNA immunogenicity to a lesser extent. In conclusion, we demonstrated that murine C3d fusion significantly enhanced gC DNA immunity by directing Th1-biased to a balanced and more effective Th1/Th2 response.« less

Thermomechanical Performance of Si-Ti-C-O and Sintered SiC Fiber-Bonded Ceramics at High Temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matsunaga, Tadashi; Lin, Hua-Tay; Singh, Mrityunjay

2011-01-01

The stress-temperature-lifetime response of Si-Ti-C-O fiber-bonded ceramic (Tyrannohex ) and sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic (SA-Tyrannohex ) materials were investigated in air from 500 to 1150 C and 500 to 1400 C, respectively. The apparent threshold stress of Si-Ti-C-O fiber-bonded ceramic was about 175 MPa in the 500-1150 C temperature range. When the applied stress of the sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic was below an apparent threshold stress (e.g., ~225MPa) for tests conducted 1150 C, no failures were observed for lifetimes up to 1000h. In the case of sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic, at the temperature of 1300 C, the apparent threshold stressmore » decreased to 175 MPa. The decrease in strength seemed to be caused by grain growth which was confirmed from the SEM fractography. Both fiber-bonded ceramics exhibited much higher durability than a commercial SiC/SiC composite at temperatures above 500 C. In addition, results suggested that the sintered SiC fiber-bonded ceramic (SA-Tyrannohex) is more stable than a Hi-Nicalon/MI SiC composite with BN/SiC fiber coating at temperatures above 1300 C.« less

[Comparison of methods for the identification of the most common yeasts in the clinical microbiology laboratory].

PubMed

Guelfand, L; Grisolía, P; Bozzano, C; Kaufman, S

2003-01-01

We evaluated different methods for the routine identification of medically important yeasts. A total of 150 clinical isolates: 25 C. albicans, 25 C. tropicalis, 25 C. glabrata, 25 C. parapsilosis, 8 C. guilliermondii, 11 C. krusei and 31 Cryptococcus neoformans were tested by Yeast Biochemical Card bioMerieux Vitek (YBC), CHROMagar Candida (CHR). The addition of yeast morphology in Corn Meal agar-Tween 80 (AM) to YBC and CHR was also evaluated. The reference methods used were: API 20C, germ tube formation, AM, Christensen urea and Birdseed agar. YBC identified 135 yeasts with an overall accuracy of 90%. Sensitivity (S) and specificity (E) were: 92-98% for C. albicans and C. tropicalis; 84-99% for C. papapsilosis; 100-99% for C. glabrata; 91-100% for C. krusei; 63-98% for C. guilliermondii and 90-99% for Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively. CHR identified correctly 100% for C. albicans, 92% for C. tropicalis and 91% for C. krusei. Both methods combined with AM provided 100% S and E. We found that YBC system was appropriate for identification of yeasts isolated from human sources. CHR was effective and easy to use for identification of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. The routine use of AM with both methods is recommended.

Insights into the Effects of Complement Factor H on the Assembly and Decay of the Alternative Pathway C3 Proconvertase and C3 Convertase*

PubMed Central

Bettoni, Serena; Bresin, Elena; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Noris, Marina; Donadelli, Roberta

2016-01-01

The activated fragment of C3 (C3b) and factor B form the C3 proconvertase (C3bB), which is cleaved by factor D to C3 convertase (C3bBb). Older studies (Conrad, D. H., Carlo, J. R., and Ruddy, S. (1978) J. Exp. Med. 147, 1792–1805; Pangburn, M. K., and Müller-Eberhard, H. J. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2416–2420; Kazatchkine, M. D., Fearon, D. T., and Austen, K. F. (1979) J. Immunol. 122, 75–81) indicated that the complement alternative pathway regulator factor H (FH) competes with factor B for C3b binding; however, the capability of FH to prevent C3bB assembly has not been formally investigated. Moreover, in the few published studies FH did not favor C3bB dissociation. Whether FH may affect C3bBb formation from C3bB is unknown. We set up user-friendly assays based on combined microplate/Western blotting techniques that specifically detect either C3bB or C3bBb, with the aim of investigating the effect of FH on C3bB assembly and decay and C3bBb formation and decay. We document that FH does not affect C3bB assembly, indicating that FH does not efficiently compete with factor B for C3b binding. We also found that FH does not dissociate C3bB. FH showed a strong C3bBb decay-accelerating activity, as reported previously, and also exerted an apparent inhibitory effect on C3bBb formation. The latter effect was not fully attributable to a rapid FH-mediated dissociation of C3bBb complexes, because blocking decay with properdin and C3 nephritic factor did not restore C3bBb formation. FH almost completely prevented release of the smaller cleavage subunit of FB (Ba), without modifying the amount of C3bB complexes, suggesting that FH inhibits the conversion of C3bB to C3bBb. Thus, the inhibitory effect of FH on C3bBb formation is likely the sum of inhibition of C3bB conversion to C3bBb and of C3bBb decay acceleration. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in physiological cell-based settings. PMID:26903516

What does leaf wax δD from a mixed C3/C4 vegetation region tell us?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yiming V.; Larsen, Thomas; Leduc, Guillaume; Andersen, Nils; Blanz, Thomas; Schneider, Ralph R.

2013-06-01

Hydrogen isotope values (δD) of sedimentary terrestrial leaf wax such as n-alkanes or n-acids have been used to map and understand past changes in rainfall amount in the tropics because δD of precipitation is commonly assumed as the first order controlling factor of leaf wax δD. Plant functional types and their photosynthetic pathways can also affect leaf wax δD but these biological effects are rarely taken into account in paleo studies relying on this rainfall proxy. To investigate how biological effects may influence δD values we here present a 37,000-year old record of δD and stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) measured on four n-alkanes (n-C27, n-C29, n-C31, n-C33) from a marine sediment core collected off the Zambezi River mouth. Our paleo δ13C records suggest that each individual n-alkanes had different C3/C4 proportional contributions. n-C29 was mostly derived from a C3 dicots (trees, shrubs and forbs) dominant vegetation throughout the entire record. In contrast, the longer chain n-C33 and n-C31 were mostly contributed by C4 grasses during the Glacial period but shifted to a mixture of C4 grasses and C3 dicots during the Holocene. Strong correlations between δD and δ13C values of n-C33 (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.75, n = 58) and n-C31 (R2 = 0.48, n = 58) suggest that their δD values were strongly influenced by changes in the relative contributions of C3/C4 plant types in contrast to n-C29 (R2 = 0.07, n = 58). Within regions with variable C3/C4 input, we conclude that δD values of n-C29 are the most reliable and unbiased indicator for past changes in rainfall, and that δD and δ13C values of n-C31 and n-C33 are sensitive to C3/C4 vegetation changes. Our results demonstrate that a robust interpretation of palaeohydrological data using n-alkane δD requires additional knowledge of regional vegetation changes from which n-alkanes are synthesized, and that the combination of δD and δ13C values of multiple n-alkanes can help to differentiate biological effects from those related to the hydrological cycle.

Structural inheritance and difference between Ti 2AlC, Ti 3AlC 2  and Ti 5Al 2C 3 under pressure from first principles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Qing -He; Du, An; Yang, Ze -Jin

The structural inheritance and difference between Ti 2AlC, Ti 3AlC 2 and Ti 5Al 2C 3 under pressure from first principles are studied. The results indicate that the lattice parameter a are almost the same within Ti 2AlC, Ti 3AlC 2 and Ti 5Al 2C 3, and the value of c in Ti 5Al 2C 3 is the sum of Ti 2AlC and Ti 3AlC 2 which is revealed by the covalently bonded chain in the electron density difference: Al–Ti–C–Ti–Al for Ti 2AlC, Al–Ti 2–C–Ti 1–C–Ti 2–Al for Ti 3AlC 2 and Al–Ti 3–C 2–Ti 3–Al–Ti 2–C 1–Ti 1–C 1–Timore » 2–Al for Ti 5Al 2C 3. The calculated axial compressibilities, volumetric shrinkage, elastic constant c 11, c 33/c 11 ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus of Ti 5Al 2C 3 are within the range of the end members (Ti 2AlC and Ti 3AlC 2) in a wide pressure range of 0–100 GPa. Only Ti 2AlC is isotropic crystal at about 50 GPa within the Ti–Al–C compounds. All of the Ti 3 d density of states curves of the three compounds move from lower energy to higher energy level with pressure increasing. The similarities of respective bond length, bond overlap population (Ti–C, Ti–Al and Ti–Ti), atom Mulliken charges under pressure as well as the electron density difference for the three compounds are discovered. Among the Ti–Al–C ternary compounds, Ti–Ti bond behaves least compressibility, whereas the Ti–Al bond is softer than that of Ti–C bonds, which can also been confirmed by the density of states and electron density difference. Bond overlap populations of Ti–Ti, Ti–C and Ti–Al indicate that the ionicity interaction becomes more and more stronger in the three structures as the pressure increasing. Lastly, Mulliken charges of Ti 1, Ti 2, Ti 3, C and Al are 0.65, 0.42, 0.39, –0.73, –0.04 at 0 GPa, respectively, which are consistent with the Pauling scale.« less

Structural inheritance and difference between Ti 2AlC, Ti 3AlC 2  and Ti 5Al 2C 3 under pressure from first principles

DOE PAGES

Gao, Qing -He; Du, An; Yang, Ze -Jin

2017-02-08

The structural inheritance and difference between Ti 2AlC, Ti 3AlC 2 and Ti 5Al 2C 3 under pressure from first principles are studied. The results indicate that the lattice parameter a are almost the same within Ti 2AlC, Ti 3AlC 2 and Ti 5Al 2C 3, and the value of c in Ti 5Al 2C 3 is the sum of Ti 2AlC and Ti 3AlC 2 which is revealed by the covalently bonded chain in the electron density difference: Al–Ti–C–Ti–Al for Ti 2AlC, Al–Ti 2–C–Ti 1–C–Ti 2–Al for Ti 3AlC 2 and Al–Ti 3–C 2–Ti 3–Al–Ti 2–C 1–Ti 1–C 1–Timore » 2–Al for Ti 5Al 2C 3. The calculated axial compressibilities, volumetric shrinkage, elastic constant c 11, c 33/c 11 ratio, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus of Ti 5Al 2C 3 are within the range of the end members (Ti 2AlC and Ti 3AlC 2) in a wide pressure range of 0–100 GPa. Only Ti 2AlC is isotropic crystal at about 50 GPa within the Ti–Al–C compounds. All of the Ti 3 d density of states curves of the three compounds move from lower energy to higher energy level with pressure increasing. The similarities of respective bond length, bond overlap population (Ti–C, Ti–Al and Ti–Ti), atom Mulliken charges under pressure as well as the electron density difference for the three compounds are discovered. Among the Ti–Al–C ternary compounds, Ti–Ti bond behaves least compressibility, whereas the Ti–Al bond is softer than that of Ti–C bonds, which can also been confirmed by the density of states and electron density difference. Bond overlap populations of Ti–Ti, Ti–C and Ti–Al indicate that the ionicity interaction becomes more and more stronger in the three structures as the pressure increasing. Lastly, Mulliken charges of Ti 1, Ti 2, Ti 3, C and Al are 0.65, 0.42, 0.39, –0.73, –0.04 at 0 GPa, respectively, which are consistent with the Pauling scale.« less

Defining the Complement Biomarker Profile of C3 Glomerulopathy

PubMed Central

Zhang, Yuzhou; Nester, Carla M.; Martin, Bertha; Skjoedt, Mikkel-Ole; Meyer, Nicole C.; Shao, Dingwu; Borsa, Nicolò; Palarasah, Yaseelan

2014-01-01

Background and objectives C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) applies to a group of renal diseases defined by a specific renal biopsy finding: a dominant pattern of C3 fragment deposition on immunofluorescence. The primary pathogenic mechanism involves abnormal control of the alternative complement pathway, although a full description of the disease spectrum remains to be determined. This study sought to validate and define the association of complement dysregulation with C3G and to determine whether specific complement pathway abnormalities could inform disease definition. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This study included 34 patients with C3G (17 with C3 glomerulonephritis [C3GN] and 17 with dense deposit disease [DDD]) diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 selected from the C3G Registry. Control samples (n=100) were recruited from regional blood drives. Nineteen complement biomarkers were assayed on all samples. Results were compared between C3G disease categories and with normal controls. Results Assessment of the alternative complement pathway showed that compared with controls, patients with C3G had lower levels of serum C3 (P<0.001 for both DDD and C3GN) and factor B (P<0.001 for both DDD and C3GN) as well as higher levels of complement breakdown products including C3d (P<0.001 for both DDD and C3GN) and Bb (P<0.001 for both DDD and C3GN). A comparison of terminal complement pathway proteins showed that although C5 levels were significantly suppressed (P<0.001 for both DDD and C3GN) its breakdown product C5a was significantly higher only in patients with C3GN (P<0.05). Of the other terminal pathway components (C6–C9), the only significant difference was in C7 levels between patients with C3GN and controls (P<0.01). Soluble C5b-9 was elevated in both diseases but only the difference between patients with C3GN and controls reached statistical significance (P<0.001). Levels of C3 nephritic factor activity were qualitatively higher in patients with DDD compared with patients with C3GN. Conclusions Complement biomarkers are significantly abnormal in patients with C3G compared with controls. These data substantiate the link between complement dysregulation and C3G and identify C3G interdisease differences. PMID:25341722

Reactions of the linear tetranuclear complex Ru sub 4 (CO) sub 10 (CH sub 3 C double bond C(H)C(H) double bond N-i-Pr) sub 2 with oxidizing reagents. Syntheses of halide-bridged (Ru(CO) sub 2 X(CH sub 3 C double bond C(H)C(H) double bond N-i-Pr)) sub 2 and fac-Ru(CO) sub 3 X(CH sub 3 C double bond C(H)C(H) double bond N-i-Pr)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mul, W.P.; Elsevier, C.J.; van Leijen, M.

1991-01-01

The linear tetranuclear complex Ru{sub 4}(CO){sub 10}(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr){sub 2} (1), containing two {eta}{sup 5}-azaruthenacyclopentadienyl systems, reacts with oxidizing reagents (I{sub 2}, Br{sub 2}, NBS, CCl{sub 4}) at elevated temperatures (40-90C) in heptane or benzene to give the new dimeric halide-bridged organoruthenium(II) complexes (Ru(CO){sub 2}X(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr)){sub 2} (X = I (3a), X = Br (3b), Cl (3c); yield 30-80%) together with (Ru(CO){sub 3}X{sub 2}){sub 2}. The reactions of 1 with CX{sub 4} (X = I, Br, Cl) are accelerated by CO, probably because Ru{sub 4}(CO){sub 12}(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr){sub 2} (5), which contains two unbridged metal-metal bonds,more » is formed prior to oxidation. The halide-bridged dimers 3a-c are obtained as mixtures of four isomers, the configurations of which are discussed. Splitting of the halide bridges takes place when a solution of 3a-c is saturated with CO, whereby mononuclear fac-Ru(CO){sub 3}X(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr) (4a-c) is obtained. This process is reversible; ie., passing a stream of nitrogen through a solution of 4a-c or removal of the solvent under vacuum causes the reverse reaction with reformation of 3a-c. Compounds 3a-c and 4a-c have been characterized by IR (3, 4), FD mass (3), {sup 1}H (3, 4), and {sup 13}C{l brace}H{r brace} NMR (4) spectroscopy and satisfactory elemental analyses have been obtained for 3a-c. Compounds 3 and 4 are suitable precursors for the preparation of new homo- and heteronuclear transition-metal complexes.« less

Band Model Parameters for the 2.7 Micrometer Bands of H2O and CO2 in the 100 to 3000 deg K Temperature Range

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-31

ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHORS AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS NECESSARILY REPRESENTING THE OFFICIAL POLICIES , EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, OF THE DEFENSE...authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies , either expressed or implied, of The Defense Advanced Research...4-4ý4 cx:lp cnCD r-- qM =&= C C3 c:, C)c: C2gn CaC CDC) CDC C3C)A=C Cý %=CýC dMC3C:l CC) C)Cp, bo of I i I I I I f 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 # I I I I I I I

An Examination of Target Tracking in the Antisubmarine Warfare Systems Evaluation Tool (ASSET)

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

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Temperature Dependence on the Strength and Stress Rupture Behavior of a Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) Composite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Verrilli, Michael J.; Calomino, Anthony

2002-01-01

Tensile strengths and stress rupture lives of carbon-fiber reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) specimens were measured at 800 C and are compared to previously reported 1200 C data. All tests were conducted in an environmental chamber containing 1000 ppm of oxygen in argon. The average 800 C tensile strength of 610 MPa is 10% greater than at 1200 C. Average stress rupture lives at 800 C were 2.5 times longer than those obtained at 1200 C. The difference in the 800 and 1200 C lives is related to the oxidation rate of the reinforcing carbon fibers, which is the primary damage mode of C/SiC composites in oxygen-containing environments.

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Default CO2 Emission Factors and High Heat Values for Various Types of Fuel

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Heat Values for Various Types of Fuel C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 98 Protection of Environment... Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources Pt. 98, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 98—Default CO2... input from MSW and/or tires; and (c) small batch incinerators that combust no more than 1,000 tons of...

Phase Transitions of Triflate-Based Ionic Liquids under High Pressure.

PubMed

Faria, Luiz F O; Ribeiro, Mauro C C

2015-11-05

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study phase transitions of ionic liquids based on the triflate anion, [TfO](-), as a function of pressure or temperature. Raman spectra of ionic liquids containing the cations 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C4C1Im](+), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C8C1Im](+), 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, [C4C1C1Im](+), and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, [C4C1Pyr](+), were compared. Vibrational frequencies and binding energy of ionic pairs were calculated by quantum chemistry methods. The ionic liquids [C4C1Im][TfO] and [C4C1Pyr][TfO] crystallize at 1.0 GPa when the pressure is increased in steps of ∼ 0.2 GPa from the atmospheric pressure, whereas [C8C1Im][TfO] and [C4C1C1Im][TfO] do not crystallize up to 2.3 GPa of applied pressure. The low-frequency range of the Raman spectrum of [C4C1Im][TfO] indicates that the system undergoes glass transition, rather than crystallization, when the pressure applied on the liquid has been increased above 2.0 GPa in a single step. Strong hysteresis of spectral features (frequency shift and bandwidth) of the high-pressure crystalline phase when the pressure was released stepwise back to the atmospheric pressure has been found .

Partial resolution of sources of n-alkanes in the saline portion of the Parachute Creek Member, Green River Formation (Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collister, J. W.; Lichtfouse, E.; Hieshima, G.; Hayes, J. M.

1994-01-01

Systematic variations in the 13C contents of individual extractable n-alkanes (C16-C29) can be modelled quantitatively and interpreted as indicating contributions from at least five distinct sources. These appear to be cyanobacterial (C16-C18, delta 13C = -37% vs PDB), phytoplanktonic (C16-C23, delta = -32%), chemoautotrophic bacterial (C20-C29, delta = -38%), phytoplanktonic or heterotrophic bacterial (C20-C29, delta = -30%), and vascular plants (C23-C29, delta = -29%). Hydrous pyrolysis of related kerogens yields large quantities of additional n-alkanes with different and much more uniform delta values. The latter materials are apparently derived from the thermolysis of aliphatic biopolymers whose presence in the Green River Oil Shale has been recognized visually.

The California Central Coast Research Partnership: Building Relationships, Partnerships and Paradigms for University-Industry Research Collaboration

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-26

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Implementation of a Personnel Database System Performing the Annual Reassignment of the Officers of a Branch Directorate of the Hellenic Army General Staff.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-20

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General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey 1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

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Prime Contractors with Awards over $25,000 by Name, Location, and Contract Number. Part 1 (102 Construction Inc, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma -- Billfish Inc, Los Angeles, California), FY1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

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Dissociative photoionization of 1,3-butadiene: experimental and theoretical insights.

PubMed

Fang, Wenzheng; Gong, Lei; Zhang, Qiang; Shan, Xiaobin; Liu, Fuyi; Wang, Zhenya; Sheng, Liusi

2011-05-07

The vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization and dissociative photoionization of 1,3-butadiene in a region ∼8.5-17 eV have been investigated with time-of-flight photoionization mass spectrometry using tunable synchrotron radiation. The adiabatic ionization energy of 1,3-butadiene and appearance energies for its fragment ions, C(4)H(5)(+), C(4)H(4)(+), C(4)H(3)(+), C(3)H(3)(+), C(2)H(4)(+), C(2)H(3)(+), and C(2)H(2)(+), are determined to be 9.09, 11.72, 13.11, 15.20, 11.50, 12.44, 15.15, and 15.14 eV, respectively, by measurements of photoionization efficiency spectra. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been performed to investigate the reaction mechanism of dissociative photoionization of 1,3-butadiene. On the basis of experimental and theoretical results, seven dissociative photoionization channels are proposed: C(4)H(5)(+) + H, C(4)H(4)(+) + H(2), C(4)H(3)(+) + H(2) + H, C(3)H(3)(+) + CH(3), C(2)H(4)(+) + C(2)H(2), C(2)H(3)(+) + C(2)H(2) + H, and C(2)H(2)(+) + C(2)H(2) + H(2). Channel C(3)H(3)(+) + CH(3) is found to be the dominant one, followed by C(4)H(5)(+) + H and C(2)H(4)(+) + C(2)H(2). The majority of these channels occur via isomerization prior to dissociation. Transition structures and intermediates for those isomerization processes were also determined.

Electrical properties of epitaxial 3C- and 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes produced side-by-side on 6H-SiC substrates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neudeck, Philip G.; Larkin, David J.; Starr, Jonathan E.; Powell, J. Anthony; Salupo, Carl S.; Matus, Lawrence G.

1994-01-01

3C-SiC (beta-SiC) and 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes have been fabricated in regions of both 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC epitaxial layers which were grown side-by-side on low-tilt-angle 6H-SiC substrates via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Several runs of diodes exhibiting state-of-the-art electrical characteristics were produced, and performance characteristics were measured and compared as a function of doping, temperature, and polytype. The first 3C-SiC diodes which rectify to reverse voltages in excess of 300 V were characterized, representing a six-fold blocking voltage improvement over experimental 3C-SiC diodes produced by previous techniques. When placed under sufficient forward bias, the 3C-SiC diodes emit significantly bright green-yellow light while the 6H-SiC diodes emit in the blue-violet. The 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes represent the first reported high-quality 6H-SiC devices to be grown by CVD on very low-tilt-angle (less than 0.5 deg off the (0001) silicon face) 6H substrates. The reverse leakage current of a 200 micron diameter circular device at 1100 V reverse bias was less than 20 nA at room temperature, and excellent rectification characteristics were demonstrated at the peak characterization temperature of 400 C.

Coordination geometry of lead carboxylates - spectroscopic and crystallographic evidence.

PubMed

Catalano, Jaclyn; Murphy, Anna; Yao, Yao; Yap, Glenn P A; Zumbulyadis, Nicholas; Centeno, Silvia A; Dybowski, Cecil

2015-02-07

Despite their versatility, only a few single-crystal X-ray structures of lead carboxylates exist, due to difficulties with solubility. In particular, the structures of long-chain metal carboxylates have not been reported. The lone electron pair in Pb(ii) can be stereochemically active or inactive, leading to two types of coordination geometries commonly referred to as hemidirected and holodirected structures, respectively. We report (13)C and (207)Pb solid-state NMR and infrared spectra for a series of lead carboxylates, ranging from lead hexanoate (C6) to lead hexadecanoate (C18). The lead carboxylates based on consistent NMR parameters can be divided in two groups, shorter-chain (C6, C7, and C8) and longer-chain (C9, C10, C11, C12, C14, C16, and C18) carboxylates. This dichotomy suggests two modes of packing in these solids, one for the short-chain lead carboxylates and one for long-chain lead carboxylates. The consistency of the (13)C and (207)Pb NMR parameters, as well as the IR data, in each group suggests that each motif represents a structure characteristic of each subgroup. We also report the single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of lead nonanoate (C9), the first single-crystal structure to have been reported for the longer-chain subgroup. Taken together the evidence suggests that the coordination geometry of C6-C8 lead carboxylates is hemidirected, and that of C9-C14, C16 and C18 lead carboxylates is holodirected.

The First in Vivo Observation of 13C- 15N Coupling in Mammalian Brain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanamori, Keiko; Ross, Brian D.

2001-12-01

[5-13C,15N]Glutamine, with 1J(13C-15N) of 16 Hz, was observed in vivo in the brain of spontaneously breathing rats by 13C MRS at 4.7 T. The brain [5-13C]glutamine peak consisted of the doublet from [5-13C,15N]glutamine and the center [5-13C,14N]glutamine peak, resulting in an apparent triplet with a separation of 8 Hz. The time course of formation of brain [5-13C,15N]glutamine was monitored in vivo with a time resolution of 20-35 min. This [5-13C,15N]glutamine was formed by glial uptake of released neurotransmitter [5-13C]glutamate and its reaction with 15NH3 catalyzed by the glia-specific glutamine synthetase. The neurotransmitter glutamate C5 was selectively13C-enriched by intravenous [2,5-13C]glucose infusion to 13C-label whole-brain glutamate C5, followed by [12C]glucose infusion to chase 13C from the small and rapidly turning-over glial glutamate pool, leaving 13C mainly in the neurotransmitter [5-13C]glutamate pool, which is sequestered in vesicles until release. Hence, the observed [5-13C,15N]glutamine arises from a coupling between 13C of neuronal origin and 15N of glial origin. Measurement of the rate of brain [5-13C,15N]glutamine formation provides a novel noninvasive method of studying the kinetics of neurotransmitter uptake into glia in vivo, a process that is crucial for protecting the brain from glutamate excitotoxicity.

Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

PubMed Central

Szekely, Adrien; Linton, Chistopher J.; Palmer, Michael D.; Brown, Phillipa; Johnson, Elizabeth M.

2013-01-01

Candida africana was previously proposed as a new species within the Candida albicans species complex, together with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, although further phylogenetic analyses better support its status as an unusual variant within C. albicans. Here we show that C. africana can be distinguished from C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by pyrosequencing of a short region of ITS2, and we have evaluated its occurrence in clinical samples by pyrosequencing all presumptive isolates of C. albicans submitted to the Mycology Reference Laboratory over a 9-month period. The C. albicans complex constituted 826/1,839 (44.9%) of yeast isolates received over the study period and included 783 isolates of C. albicans, 28 isolates of C. dubliniensis, and 15 isolates of C. africana. In agreement with previous reports, C. africana was isolated exclusively from genital specimens, in women in the 18-to-35-year age group. Indeed, C. africana constituted 15/251 (6%) of “C. albicans” isolates from female genital specimens during the study period. C. africana isolates were germ tube positive, grew significantly more slowly than C. albicans and C. dubliniensis on conventional mycological media, could be distinguished from the other members of the C. albicans complex by appearance on chromogenic agar, and were incapable of forming chlamydospores. Here we present the detailed evaluation of epidemiological, phenotypic, and clinical features and antifungal susceptibility profiles of United Kingdom isolates of C. africana. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C. africana is significantly less pathogenic than C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in the Galleria mellonella insect systemic infection model. PMID:23303503

Vitamin C-lipid metabolites: uptake and retention and effect on plasma C-reactive protein and oxidized LDL levels in healthy volunteers.

PubMed

Pancorbo, Dario; Vazquez, Carlos; Fletcher, Mary Ann

2008-11-01

Previously, a novel formulation of vitamin C-lipid metabolites (PureWay-C) was shown to be more rapidly taken-up by human T-lymphocytes and more rapidly stimulate neurite outgrowth, fibroblast adhesion and inhibition of xenobiotic-induced T-cell hyperactivation. Here, PureWay-C serum levels were measured in healthy volunteers after oral supplementation. Plasma C-reactive protein and oxidized low density lipoprotein levels (LDL) were also measured. Healthy volunteers maintained a low vitamin C diet for 14 days and, following an overnight fast, received a single oral dose of (vitamin C) 1000 mg of either ascorbic acid (AA), calcium ascorbate (CaA), vitamin C-lipid metabolites (PureWay-C), or calcium ascorbate-calcium threonate-dehydroascorbate (Ester-C). Blood samples were collected immediately prior to the oral dose administration and at various times post ingestion. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were saved for oxalate and uric acid assays. PureWay-C supplementation leads to the highest absolute serum vitamin C levels when compared to AA, CaA and Ester-C. PureWay-C provides a statistically significant greater serum level than calcium ascorbate at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours post oral supplementation whereas Ester-C shows a less but slightly statistically significant increase at only 1 and 4 hours. Oral supplementation with PureWay-C also led to a greater reduction in plasma C-reactive protein and oxidized LDL levels compared to the other vitamin C formulations. PureWay-C is more rapidly absorbed and leads to higher serum vitamin C levels and greater reduction of plasma levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers than other forms of vitamin C, including Ester-C.

Photosynthetic pathway diversity in a seasonal pool community

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keeley, Jon E.

1999-01-01

1. Photosynthetic pathway diversity was evaluated for the dominant species in a seasonally aquatic community in the south-western USA using 14C pulse-chase techniques.2. Under submerged conditions, only about half of the species were clearly C3, three of the 15 dominants were CAM, one species was C4 and three were potentially assimilating carbon with both C3 and C4 fixation.3. During the brief terrestrial stage in the life history of these amphibious plants, both the CAM and the C3 + C4 species switched to C3, whereas the C4 species did not switch.4. Numerous variations were apparent; for example, the C4 species, while exhibiting a biochemical pathway indistinguishable from terrestrial C4 plants, lacked Kranz anatomy in the aquatic foliage. Also, despite well-developed CAM in several species, others exhibited low-level diel changes in acidity, apparently not indicative of CAM.5. Species with C4 or CAM CO2 concentrating mechanisms lacked the capacity for bicarbonate uptake, an alternative CO2 concentrating mechanism found in certain C3 species in this community.6. Rubisco/PEPC in aquatic foliage was higher in C3 species than in C4, CAM or putative C3 + C4species. In the terrestrial phase, as expected, the switch from CAM or C3 + C4 to strictly C3assimilation was associated with a substantial increase in Rubisco/PEPC. Quite unexpected, however, was the substantial increase in this ratio in terrestrial C3 foliage. It is hypothesized that submerged C3 plants utilize PEPC for recycling of respiratory CO2 and/or C4 phototrophism under field conditions of limited CO2 and O2 saturation, and this is lost in the terrestrial foliage.

Modeling Central Carbon Metabolic Processes in Soil Microbial Communities: Comparing Measured With Modeled

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dijkstra, P.; Fairbanks, D.; Miller, E.; Salpas, E.; Hagerty, S.

2013-12-01

Understanding the mechanisms regulating C cycling is hindered by our inability to directly observe and measure the biochemical processes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycle in intact and complex microbial communities. Position-specific 13C labeled metabolic tracer probing is proposed as a new way to study microbial community energy production, biosynthesis, C use efficiency (the proportion of substrate incorporated into microbial biomass), and enables the quantification of C fluxes through the central C metabolic network processes (Dijkstra et al 2011a,b). We determined the 13CO2 production from U-13C, 1-13C, 2-13C, 3-13C, 4-13C, 5-13C, and 6-13C labeled glucose and 1-13C and 2,3-13C pyruvate in parallel incubations in three soils along an elevation gradient. Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the results indicate a high pentose phosphate pathway activity in soils. Agreement between modeled and measured CO2 production rates for the six C-atoms of 13C-labeled glucose indicate that the metabolic model used is appropriate for soil community processes, but that improvements can be made. These labeling and modeling techniques may improve our ability to analyze the biochemistry and (eco)physiology of intact microbial communities. Dijkstra, P., Blankinship, J.C., Selmants, P.C., Hart, S.C., Koch, G.W., Schwartz, E., Hungate, B.A., 2011a. Probing C flux patterns of soil microbial metabolic networks using parallel position-specific tracer labeling. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 126-132. Dijkstra, P., Dalder, J.J., Selmants, P.C., Hart, S.C., Koch, G.W., Schwartz, E., Hungate, B.A., 2011b. Modeling soil metabolic processes using isotopologue pairs of position-specific 13C-labeled glucose and pyruvate. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 1848-1857.

Atlantoaxial Fusion Using C1 Sublaminar Cables and C2 Translaminar Screws.

PubMed

Larsen, Alexandra M Giantini; Grannan, Benjamin L; Koffie, Robert M; Coumans, Jean-Valéry

2018-06-01

Atlantoaxial instability, which can arise in the setting of trauma, degenerative diseases, and neoplasm, is often managed surgically with C1-C2 arthrodesis. Classical C1-C2 fusion techniques require placement of instrumentation in close proximity to the vertebral artery and C2 nerve root. To report a novel C1-C2 fusion technique that utilizes C2 translaminar screws and C1 sublaminar cables to decrease the risk of injury to the vertebral artery and C2 nerve root. To facilitate fixation to the atlas, while minimizing the risk of injury to the vertebral artery and to the C2 nerve root, we sought to determine the feasibility of using a soft cable around the C1 arch and affixing it to a rod connected to C2 laminar screws. We reviewed our experience in 3 patients. We used this technique in patients in whom we anticipated difficult C1 screw placement. Three patients were identified through a review of the senior author's cases. Atlantoaxial instability was associated with trauma in 2 patients and chronic degenerative changes in 1 patient. Common symptoms on presentation included pain and limited range of motion. All patients underwent C1-C2 fusion with C2 translaminar screws with sublaminar cable harnessing of the posterior arch of C1. There were no reports of postoperative complications or hardware failure. We demonstrate a novel, technically straightforward approach for C1-C2 fusion that minimizes risk to the vertebral artery and to the C2 nerve root, while still allowing for semirigid fixation in instances of both traumatic and chronic degenerative atlantoaxial instability.

Comparative studies of C3 and C4 Atriplex hybrids in the genomics era: physiological assessments

PubMed Central

Oakley, Jason C.; Sultmanis, Stefanie; Stinson, Corey R.; Sage, Tammy L.; Sage, Rowan F.

2014-01-01

We crossed the C3 species Atriplex prostrata with the C4 species Atriplex rosea to produce F1 and F2 hybrids. All hybrids exhibited C3-like δ13C values, and had reduced rates of net CO2 assimilation compared with A. prostrata. The activities of the major C4 cycle enzymes PEP carboxylase, NAD-malic enzyme, and pyruvate-Pi dikinase in the hybrids were at most 36% of the C4 values. These results demonstrate the C4 metabolic cycle was disrupted in the hybrids. Photosynthetic CO2 compensation points (Г) of the hybrids were generally midway between the C3 and C4 values, and in most hybrids were accompanied by low, C3-like activities in one or more of the major C4 cycle enzymes. This supports the possibility that most hybrids use a photorespiratory glycine shuttle to concentrate CO2 into the bundle sheath cells. One hybrid exhibited a C4-like Г of 4 µmol mol–1, indicating engagement of a C4 metabolic cycle. Consistently, this hybrid had elevated activities of all measured C4 cycle enzymes relative to the C3 parent; however, C3-like carbon isotope ratios indicate the low Г is mainly due to a photorespiratory glycine shuttle. The anatomy of the hybrids resembled that of C3-C4 intermediate species using a glycine shuttle to concentrate CO2 in the bundle sheath, and is further evidence that this physiology is the predominant, default condition of the F2 hybrids. Progeny of these hybrids should further segregate C3 and C4 traits and in doing so assist in the discovery of C4 genes using high-throughput methods of the genomics era. PMID:24675672

Systemic effects of whole-body cooling to 35°C, 33.5°C and 30°C in a piglet perinatal asphyxia model: implications for therapeutic hypothermia

PubMed Central

Kerenyi, Aron; Kelen, Dorottya; Faulkner, Stuart D; Bainbridge, Alan; Chandrasekaran, Manigandan; Cady, Ernest B; Golay, Xavier; Robertson, Nicola J

2014-01-01

The precise temperature for optimal neuroprotection in infants with neonatal encephalopathy is unclear. Our aim was to assess systemic effects of whole-body cooling to 35°C, 33.5°C and 30°C in a piglet perinatal asphyxia model. Twenty-eight anesthetised male piglets aged <24h underwent hypoxia-ischemia and randomized to normothermia; or cooling to rectal temperature (Trec) 35°C, 33.5°C, or 30°C during 2-26 h post insult (groups n=7). Heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and Trec were recorded continuously. Five 30°C animals had fatal cardiac arrests. During 30°C cooling HR was lower vs normothermia (p<0.001). Although MABP did not vary between groups, more fluid boluses were needed at 30°C than normothermia (p<0.02); dopamine use was higher at 30°C than normothermia and 35°C (p=0.005, p=0.02). Base deficit was increased at 30°C at 12,24 and 36h vs all other groups (p<0.05), pH was acidotic at 36h vs normothermia (p=0.04) and blood glucose higher for 30°C at 12h vs normothermia and 35°C (p<0.05). Potassium was lower at 12h in the 30°C group vs 33.5°C and 35°C groups. Cortisol was no different between groups. Cooling to 30°C led to metabolic derangement, more cardiac arrests and deaths than cooling to 33.5°C or 35°C. Inadvertent overcooling should be avoided. PMID:22314664

In vitro metabolism of phenytoin in 36 CYP2C9 variants found in the Chinese population.

PubMed

Chen, Lian-Guo; Wang, Zhe; Zhu, Yuan; Xiong, Jian-Hua; Sun, Li-Rong; Dai, Da-Peng; Cai, Jian-Ping; Hu, Guo-Xin

2016-06-25

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) is an important member of the cytochrome P450 enzyme superfamily, with 57 CYP2C9 allelic variants being previously reported. Recently, we identified 22 novel alleles (*36 -*56 and N418T) in the Han Chinese population. This study aims to assess the catalytic activities of wild-type (CYP2C9*1) and 36 CYP2C9 allelic variants found in the Chinese population toward phenytoin (PHT) in vitro. Insect microsomes expressing CYP2C9*1 and 36 CYP2C9 variants were incubated with 1-200 μM phenytoin for 30 min at 37 °C. Then, these products were extracted and the signal detection was performed by HPLC-MS/MS. The intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) values of all variants, with the exception of CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*11, CYP2C9*23, CYP2C9*29, CYP2C9*34, CYP2C9*38, CYP2C9*44, CYP2C9*46 and CYP2C9*48, were significantly different from CYP2C9*1. CYP2C9*27, *40, *41, *47, *49, *51, *53, *54, *56 and N418T variant exhibited markedly larger values than CYP2C9*1 (>152.8%), whereas 17 variants exhibited smaller values (from 48.6% to 99.9%) due to larger Km and/or smaller Vmax values than CYP2C9*1. The findings suggest that more attention should be paid on subjects carrying these infrequent CYP2C9 alleles when administering phenytoin in clinic. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stabilization of a Chlorinated (#4348)C66:C2v Cage by Encapsulating Monometal Species: Coordination between Metal and Double Hexagon-Condensed Pentalenes.

PubMed

Li, Qiao-Zhi; Zheng, Jia-Jia; He, Ling; Nagase, Shigeru; Zhao, Xiang

2016-08-01

Carbon cages in endohedral and exohedral fullerene derivatives are usually different. A recent report suggested that chlorofullerene C66Cl10:Cs and endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) Sc2@C66 shared the same cage (#4348)C66:C2v, while it was denied by the definitive characterization of Sc2@C66, which actually possesses the (#4059)C66:C2v isomer. Here, we show that a (#4348)C66:C2v cage with a double hexagon-condensed pentalene (DHCP) moiety, which was captured by exohedral chlorination, is also capable of being stabilized by encapsulating tri- or divalent monometal (M) species. On the basis of density functional theory calculations combined with statistical mechanics analyses, (#4348)C66:C2v-based mono-EMFs M@C2v(4348)-C66 (M = Tb, La, Y, and Yb) were demonstrated to be the most stable and predominant isomers at the fullerene formation temperature region, while another chlorinated cage (#4169)C66:Cs, featured with triple sequentially fused pentagon (TSFP) moiety, is less favorable to be obtained in the form of EMFs, although these two cages can be interconverted by a simple Stone-Wales transformation. The superiority of M@C2v(4348)-C66 over M@Cs(4169)-C66 comes from the stronger interaction of M-DHCP over that of M-TSFP in both ionic and covalent bonding aspects. In addition, size-selective complexation of host [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP) and Tb@C2v(4348)-C66 was simulated, showing that [10]CPP exhibits the best affinity toward Tb@C66, which provides a new opportunity for isolation and characterization of C66-based mono-EMFs.

C(5)-C(5a)-modified bicyclomycins: synthesis, structure, and biochemical and biological properties.

PubMed

Vincent, F; Srinivasan, J; Santillán, A; Widger, W R; Kohn, H

2001-04-06

Bicyclomycin (1) is a novel antibiotic that targets rho transcription termination factor in Escherichia coli. We have demonstrated that retention of the C(5)-C(5a) exomethylene unit in 1 is not essential for inhibition. In a recent paper we proposed a working model for 1 and rho function and suggested that 1 binds in a cleft with the C(5)-C(5a) exomethylene unit directed toward the dimeric interface of two rho monomers. This report examines the bicyclomycin C(5)-C(5a) structural constraints necessary for retention of rho inhibitory activity. Three classes of C(5)-C(5a)-modified bicyclomycins have been prepared and their inhibitory activities evaluated in the poly C-dependent ATPase and filter disk antimicrobial assays. The first series consisted of 12 analogues (8-19) that contained a C(5a)-unsaturated substituent and possessed C(5E)-geometry. The second set were a pair of C(5a)-substituted C(5E)- and C(5Z)-geometrical isomers (21 and 23). The final group of compounds consisted of six C(5)-C(5a)-dihydrobicyclomycins (24-28, 34) where the terminal substituent was systematically varied. We find that extending the C(5)-C(5a) double bond with unsaturated substituents provides bicyclomycin derivatives with excellent inhibitory activities in the biochemical assay, and that enhanced inhibitory activity is observed for the C(5E) geometrical isomer compared with its C(5Z) counterpart. Finally, C(5a)-substituted dihydrobicyclomycin inhibitory activity appears to be tightly regulated by the nature and spatial placement of the C(5a)-terminal substituent with respect to the [4.2.2]-bicyclic ring system. The observed biochemical activities for the C(5a)-extended conjugated bicyclomycin derivatives and the (5E) and (5Z) isomers were correlated with a structural model for the 1-rho complex.

THE GALACTIC R CORONAE BOREALIS STARS: THE C{sub 2} SWAN BANDS, THE CARBON PROBLEM, AND THE {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C RATIO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hema, B. P.; Pandey, Gajendra; Lambert, David L., E-mail: hema@iiap.res.in, E-mail: pandey@iiap.res.in, E-mail: dll@astro.as.utexas.edu

2012-03-10

Observed spectra of R Coronae Borealis (RCB) and hydrogen-deficient carbon (HdC) stars are analyzed by synthesizing the C{sub 2} Swan bands (1, 0), (0, 0), and (0, 1) using our detailed line list and the Uppsala model atmospheres. The (0, 1) and (0, 0) C{sub 2} bands are used to derive the {sup 12}C abundance, and the (1, 0) {sup 12}C{sup 13}C band to determine the {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C ratios. The carbon abundance derived from the C{sub 2} Swan bands is about the same for the adopted models constructed with different carbon abundances over the range 8.5 (C/He = 0.1%)more » to 10.5 (C/He = 10%). Carbon abundances derived from C I lines are about a factor of four lower than the carbon abundance of the adopted model atmosphere over the same C/He interval, as reported by Asplund et al., who dubbed the mismatch between adopted and derived C abundance as the 'carbon problem'. In principle, the carbon abundances obtained from C{sub 2} Swan bands and that assumed for the model atmosphere can be equated for a particular choice of C/He that varies from star to star. Then, the carbon problem for C{sub 2} bands is eliminated. However, such C/He ratios are in general less than those of the extreme helium stars, the seemingly natural relatives to the RCB and HdC stars. A more likely solution to the C{sub 2} carbon problem may lie in a modification of the model atmosphere's temperature structure. The derived carbon abundances and the {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C ratios are discussed in light of the double degenerate and the final flash scenarios.« less

Multimeric complement component C9 is necessary for killing of Escherichia coli J5 by terminal attack complex C5b-9

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joiner, K.A.; Schmetz, M.A.; Sanders, M.E.

The authors studied the molecular composition of the complement C5b-9 complex required for optimal killing of Escherichia coli strain J5. J5 cells were incubated in 3.3%, 6.6%, or 10.0% C8-deficient serum previously absorbed to remove specific antibody and lysozyme. This resulted in the stable deposition after washing of 310, 560, and 890 C5b67 molecules per colony-forming unit, respectively, as determined by binding of /sup 125/I-labeled C7. Organisms were then incubated with excess C8 and various amounts of /sup 131/I-labeled C9. Plots of the logarithm (base 10) of E. coli J5 cells killed (log kill) vs. C9 input were sigmoidal, confirmingmore » the multihit nature of the lethal process. When C9 was supplied in excess, 3300, 5700, and 9600 molecules of C9 were bound per organism for cells bearing 310, 560, and 890 C5b-8 complexes, respectively, leading to C9-to-C7 ratios of 11.0:1, 10.8:1, and 11.4:1 and to log kill values of 1.3, 2.1, and 3.9. However, at low inputs of C9 that lead to C9-to-C7 ratios of less than 3.3:1, no killing occurred, and this was independent of the number of C5b-9 complexes bound. Formation of multimeric C9 at C9-to-C7 ratios permissive for killing was confirmed by electron microscopy and by binding of /sup 125/I-labeled antibody with specificity for multimeric but not monomeric C9. These experiments are the first to demonstrate a biological function for C9 polymerization and suggest that multimeric C9 is necessary for optimal killing of E. coli J5 cells by C5b-9.« less

Coordinated EDX and micro-Raman analysis of presolar silicon carbide: A novel, nondestructive method to identify rare subgroup SiC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Nan; Steele, Andrew; Nittler, Larry R.; Stroud, Rhonda M.; De Gregorio, Bradley T.; Alexander, Conel M. O'D.; Wang, Jianhua

2017-12-01

We report the development of a novel method to nondestructively identify presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains with high initial 26Al/27Al ratios (>0.01) and extreme 13C-enrichments (12C/13C ≤ 10) by backscattered electron-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and micro-Raman analyses. Our survey of a large number of presolar SiC demonstrates that (1) 80% of core-collapse supernova and putative nova SiC can be identified by quantitative EDX and Raman analyses with >70% confidence; (2) 90% of presolar SiC are predominantly 3C-SiC, as indicated by their Raman transverse optical (TO) peak position and width; (3) presolar 3C-SiC with 12C/13C ≤ 10 show lower Raman TO phonon frequencies compared to mainstream 3C-SiC. The downward shifted phonon frequencies of the 13C-enriched SiC with concomitant peak broadening are a natural consequence of isotope substitution. 13C-enriched SiC can therefore be identified by micro-Raman analysis; (4) larger shifts in the Raman TO peak position and width indicate deviations from the ideal 3C structure, including rare polytypes. Coordinated transmission electron microscopy analysis of one X and one mainstream SiC grain found them to be of 6H and 15R polytypes, respectively; (5) our correlated Raman and NanoSIMS study of mainstream SiC shows that high nitrogen content is a dominant factor in causing mainstream SiC Raman peak broadening without significant peak shifts; and (6) we found that the SiC condensation conditions in different stellar sites are astonishingly similar, except for X grains, which often condensed more rapidly and at higher atmospheric densities and temperatures, resulting in a higher fraction of grains with much downward shifted and broadened Raman TO peaks.

Determination of oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine in plants by chemical derivatization coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

PubMed

Tang, Yang; Xiong, Jun; Jiang, Han-Peng; Zheng, Shu-Jian; Feng, Yu-Qi; Yuan, Bi-Feng

2014-08-05

Cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC) in DNA is an important epigenetic mark that has regulatory roles in various biological processes. In plants, active DNA demethylation can be achieved through direct cleavage by DNA glycosylases, followed by replacement of 5-mC with cytosine by base excision repair (BER) machinery. Recent studies in mammals have demonstrated 5-mC can be sequentially oxidized to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC) by Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. The consecutive oxidations of 5-mC constitute the active DNA demethylation pathway in mammals, which raised the possible presence of oxidation products of 5-mC (5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC) in plant genomes. However, there is no definitive evidence supporting the presence of these modified bases in plant genomic DNA, especially for 5-foC and 5-caC. Here we developed a chemical derivatization strategy combined with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method to determine 5-formyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-fodC) and 5-carboxyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5-cadC). Derivatization of 5-fodC and 5-cadC by Girard's reagents (GirD, GirT, and GirP) significantly increased the detection sensitivities of 5-fodC and 5-cadC by 52-260-fold. Using this method, we demonstrated the widespread existence of 5-fodC and 5-cadC in genomic DNA of various plant tissues, indicating that active DNA demethylation in plants may go through an alternative pathway similar to mammals besides the pathway of direct DNA glycosylases cleavage combined with BER. Moreover, we found that environmental stresses of drought and salinity can change the contents of 5-fodC and 5-cadC in plant genomes, suggesting the functional roles of 5-fodC and 5-cadC in response to environmental stresses.

Evaluation of C3a receptor expression on human leucocytes by the use of novel monoclonal antibodies

PubMed Central

ZWIRNER, J; GÖTZE, O; BEGEMANN, G; KAPP, A; KIRCHHOFF, K; WERFEL, T

1999-01-01

Varying results have been published in the past regarding the reactivity of different leucocyte subpopulations, including neutrophils, monocytes and B lymphocytes, to the anaphylatoxin C3a and its degradation product C3a(desArg). To better characterize the cellular distribution of C3a receptor (C3aR) expression, monoclonal antibodies against two different epitopes on the third extracellular domain of the human C3aR were generated. Quantification of C3aR as compared with C5aR densities was performed on peripheral blood leucocytes by quantitative indirect immunofluorescence. Eosinophils and basophils expressed similar numbers of C3aR and C5aR molecules/cell. On eosinophils 10 700±4500 (mean±SD) C3aR and 14 700±4100 C5aR were found, whereas basophils carried 8100±2100 C3aR and 13 500±3800 C5aR. Monocytes expressed approximately six times more C5aR than C3aR molecules on their surface (6000±2500 C3aR versus 34 100±9300 C5aR molecules) whereas on neutrophils, the expression of C5aR was more than 20 times higher than the expression of C3aR (3100±1000 C3aR versus 63 500±12 200 C5aR). No C3aR expression was detectable on peripheral blood-derived B lymphocytes and on tonsillar B cells before and after stimulation with interleukin-2/Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I. Our findings correspond well with the paucity of data on C3a-induced functional activities in monocytes and neutrophils and suggest that eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes represent the primary effector cells in the peripheral blood which can be stimulated by C3a. PMID:10447728

Reductive Elimination Leading to C-C Bond Formation in Gold(III) Complexes: A Mechanistic and Computational Study.

PubMed

Rocchigiani, Luca; Fernandez-Cestau, Julio; Budzelaar, Peter H M; Bochmann, Manfred

2018-06-21

The factors affecting the rates of reductive C-C cross-coupling reactions in gold(III) aryls were studied by using complexes that allow easy access to a series of electronically modified aryl ligands, as well as to gold methyl and vinyl complexes, by using the pincer compounds [(C^N^C)AuR] (R=C 6 F 5 , CH=CMe 2 , Me and p-C 6 H 4 X, where X=OMe, F, H, tBu, Cl, CF 3 , or NO 2 ) as starting materials (C^N^C=2,6-(4'-tBuC 6 H 3 ) 2 pyridine dianion). Protodeauration followed by addition of one equivalent SMe 2 leads to the quantitative generation of the thioether complexes [(C^N-CH)AuR(SMe 2 )] + . Upon addition of a second SMe 2 pyridine is displaced, which triggers the reductive aryl-R elimination. The rates for these cross-couplings increase in the sequence k(vinyl)>k(aryl)≫k(C 6 F 5 )>k(Me). Vinyl-aryl coupling is particularly fast, 1.15×10 -3  L mol -1  s -1 at 221 K, whereas both C 6 F 5 and Me couplings encountered higher barriers for the C-C bond forming step. The use of P(p-tol) 3 in place of SMe 2 greatly accelerates the C-C couplings. Computational modelling shows that in the C^N-bonded compounds displacement of N by a donor L is required before the aryl ligands can adopt a conformation suitable for C-C bond formation, so that elimination takes place from a four-coordinate intermediate. The C-C bond formation is the rate-limiting step. In the non-chelating case, reductive C(sp 2 )-C(sp 2 ) elimination from three-coordinate ions [(Ar 1 )(Ar 2 )AuL] + is almost barrier-free, particularly if L=phosphine. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Consequences of non-uniformity in the stoichiometry of component fractions within one and two loops models of alpha-helical peptides

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Atoms in biomolecular structures like alpha helices contain an array of distances and angles which include abundant multiple patterns of redundancies. Thus all peptides backbones contain the three atom sequence N-C*C, whereas the repeating set of a four atom sequences (N-C*C-N, C*-C-N-C*, and C-N-C...

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

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49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Assembly SA 103C 030 Torso Assembly SA 103C 041 Upper Arm Assembly Left SA 103C 042 Upper Arm Assembly Right SA 103C 051 Forearm Hand Assembly Left SA 103C 052 Forearm Hand Assembly Right SA 103C 061Upper Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 062 Upper Leg Assembly Right SA 103C 071 Lower Leg Assembly Left SA 103C 072...

49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

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49 CFR 572.15 - General description.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

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Research in Stochastic Processes and their Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

goal is to learn how Gaussian and linear signal processing methodologies should be adapted to deal with non-Gaussian regimes. Part III continues the... smoothi fmictions in /I, ami we have a chain C ... C tir C ... C /I’) C 11_ C ... C 1t_, C_ ... C ¢’, 10 4o = fH,; H =H;, H, (Hilbert space). 4ý is a Fr

75 FR 807 - Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program II; Revision to General Tolerance Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-06

...) Pepper, nonbell, Capsicum Chinese Jacq., C. annuum L. var. annuum , C. frutescens L., C. baccatum L., C... muricatum Aiton 8-09B, 8-09C Pepper, bell, Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum, 8-09B Capsicum spp Pepper, nonbell, Capsicum chinese Jacq., C. 8-09B, 8-08C annuum L. var. annuum, C. frutescens L., C. baccatum L...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szulik, Marta W.; Pallan, Pradeep S.; Nocek, Boguslaw

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) form during active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and are implicated in epigenetic regulation of the genome. They are differentially processed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), an enzyme involved in active demethylation of 5mC. Three modified Dickerson–Drew dodecamer (DDD) sequences, amenable to crystallographic and spectroscopic analyses and containing the 5'-CG-3' sequence associated with genomic cytosine methylation, containing 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC placed site-specifically into the 5'-T 8X 9G 10-3' sequence of the DDD, were compared. The presence of 5caC at the X9 base increased the stability of the DDD, whereas 5hmC or 5fC didmore » not. Both 5hmC and 5fC increased imino proton exchange rates and calculated rate constants for base pair opening at the neighboring base pair A 5:T 8, whereas 5caC did not. At the oxidized base pair G 4:X 9, 5fC exhibited an increase in the imino proton exchange rate and the calculated k op. In all cases, minimal effects to imino proton exchange rates occurred at the neighboring base pair C 3:G 10. No evidence was observed for imino tautomerization, accompanied by wobble base pairing, for 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC when positioned at base pair G 4:X 9; each favored Watson–Crick base pairing. However, both 5fC and 5caC exhibited intranucleobase hydrogen bonding between their formyl or carboxyl oxygens, respectively, and the adjacent cytosine N 4 exocyclic amines. The lesion-specific differences observed in the DDD may be implicated in recognition of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC in DNA by TDG. Furthermore, they do not correlate with differential excision of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC by TDG, which may be mediated by differences in transition states of the enzyme-bound complexes.« less

Differential stabilities and sequence-dependent base pair opening dynamics of Watson-Crick base pairs with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, or 5-carboxylcytosine.

PubMed

Szulik, Marta W; Pallan, Pradeep S; Nocek, Boguslaw; Voehler, Markus; Banerjee, Surajit; Brooks, Sonja; Joachimiak, Andrzej; Egli, Martin; Eichman, Brandt F; Stone, Michael P

2015-02-10

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) form during active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and are implicated in epigenetic regulation of the genome. They are differentially processed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), an enzyme involved in active demethylation of 5mC. Three modified Dickerson-Drew dodecamer (DDD) sequences, amenable to crystallographic and spectroscopic analyses and containing the 5'-CG-3' sequence associated with genomic cytosine methylation, containing 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC placed site-specifically into the 5'-T(8)X(9)G(10)-3' sequence of the DDD, were compared. The presence of 5caC at the X(9) base increased the stability of the DDD, whereas 5hmC or 5fC did not. Both 5hmC and 5fC increased imino proton exchange rates and calculated rate constants for base pair opening at the neighboring base pair A(5):T(8), whereas 5caC did not. At the oxidized base pair G(4):X(9), 5fC exhibited an increase in the imino proton exchange rate and the calculated kop. In all cases, minimal effects to imino proton exchange rates occurred at the neighboring base pair C(3):G(10). No evidence was observed for imino tautomerization, accompanied by wobble base pairing, for 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC when positioned at base pair G(4):X(9); each favored Watson-Crick base pairing. However, both 5fC and 5caC exhibited intranucleobase hydrogen bonding between their formyl or carboxyl oxygens, respectively, and the adjacent cytosine N(4) exocyclic amines. The lesion-specific differences observed in the DDD may be implicated in recognition of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC in DNA by TDG. However, they do not correlate with differential excision of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC by TDG, which may be mediated by differences in transition states of the enzyme-bound complexes.

Comets C/2003 X5-X11 and Y2-Y10 (SOHO)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battams, K.; Boschat, M.; Zhou, X.-M.; Hoffman, T.; Leprette, X.; Matson, R.; Kracht, R.; Sachs, J.; Marsden, B. G.; Kisala, R.

2004-06-01

Further to IAUC 8356, K. Battams reports measurements for additional Kreutz sungrazing comets found on SOHO website C2 images by M. Boschat (C/2003 X5, X7, Y5, Y8), X.-m. Zhou (C/2003 X6, X9, X11), T. Hoffman (C/2003 X8), X. Leprette (C/2003 X10, Y2), R. Matson (2003 Y3, Y9, Y10), R. Kracht (C/2003 Y4, Y7), and J. Sachs (C/2003 Y6). C/2003 Y6 and Y7 were also visible on C3 images. The reductions by B. G. Marsden (and by R. Kisala for C/2003 Y8, Y9, Y10) and orbital elements by Marsden appear on the MPECs cited below. Comet 2003 UT R.A. (2000) Decl. MPEC C/2003 X5 Dec. 4.896 16 46.9 -24 12 2004-L24 C/2003 X6 6.396 16 52.2 -24 20 2004-L24 C/2003 X7 7.829 16 58.6 -24 27 2004-L24 C/2003 X8 8.246 17 00.9 -24 31 2004-L24 C/2003 X9 8.621 17 02.2 -24 34 2004-L24 C/2003 X10 11.188 17 14.5 -24 41 2004-L25 C/2003 X11 13.588 17 25.7 -24 57 2004-L25 C/2003 Y2 19.621 17 53.6 -25 08 2004-L25 C/2003 Y3 19.979 17 55.0 -25 02 2004-L25 C/2003 Y4 20.729 17 58.8 -25 14 2004-L25 C/2003 Y5 22.771 18 08.5 -25 08 2004-L25 C/2003 Y6 23.571 18 14.3 -27 22 2004-L26 C/2003 Y7 24.638 18 20.0 -27 44 2004-L26 C/2003 Y8 25.288 18 19.6 -25 00 2004-L67 C/2003 Y9 25.479 18 20.7 -24 46 2004-L67 C/2003 Y10 26.064 18 23.5 -24 50 2004-L67

Differential stabilities and sequence-dependent base pair opening dynamics of Watson–Crick base pairs with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, or 5-carboxylcytosine

DOE PAGES

Szulik, Marta W.; Pallan, Pradeep S.; Nocek, Boguslaw; ...

2015-01-29

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) form during active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and are implicated in epigenetic regulation of the genome. They are differentially processed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), an enzyme involved in active demethylation of 5mC. Three modified Dickerson–Drew dodecamer (DDD) sequences, amenable to crystallographic and spectroscopic analyses and containing the 5'-CG-3' sequence associated with genomic cytosine methylation, containing 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC placed site-specifically into the 5'-T 8X 9G 10-3' sequence of the DDD, were compared. The presence of 5caC at the X9 base increased the stability of the DDD, whereas 5hmC or 5fC didmore » not. Both 5hmC and 5fC increased imino proton exchange rates and calculated rate constants for base pair opening at the neighboring base pair A 5:T 8, whereas 5caC did not. At the oxidized base pair G 4:X 9, 5fC exhibited an increase in the imino proton exchange rate and the calculated k op. In all cases, minimal effects to imino proton exchange rates occurred at the neighboring base pair C 3:G 10. No evidence was observed for imino tautomerization, accompanied by wobble base pairing, for 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC when positioned at base pair G 4:X 9; each favored Watson–Crick base pairing. However, both 5fC and 5caC exhibited intranucleobase hydrogen bonding between their formyl or carboxyl oxygens, respectively, and the adjacent cytosine N 4 exocyclic amines. The lesion-specific differences observed in the DDD may be implicated in recognition of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC in DNA by TDG. Furthermore, they do not correlate with differential excision of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC by TDG, which may be mediated by differences in transition states of the enzyme-bound complexes.« less

Differential Stabilities and Sequence-Dependent Base Pair Opening Dynamics of Watson–Crick Base Pairs with 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-Formylcytosine, or 5-Carboxylcytosine

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) form during active demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and are implicated in epigenetic regulation of the genome. They are differentially processed by thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), an enzyme involved in active demethylation of 5mC. Three modified Dickerson–Drew dodecamer (DDD) sequences, amenable to crystallographic and spectroscopic analyses and containing the 5′-CG-3′ sequence associated with genomic cytosine methylation, containing 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC placed site-specifically into the 5′-T8X9G10-3′ sequence of the DDD, were compared. The presence of 5caC at the X9 base increased the stability of the DDD, whereas 5hmC or 5fC did not. Both 5hmC and 5fC increased imino proton exchange rates and calculated rate constants for base pair opening at the neighboring base pair A5:T8, whereas 5caC did not. At the oxidized base pair G4:X9, 5fC exhibited an increase in the imino proton exchange rate and the calculated kop. In all cases, minimal effects to imino proton exchange rates occurred at the neighboring base pair C3:G10. No evidence was observed for imino tautomerization, accompanied by wobble base pairing, for 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC when positioned at base pair G4:X9; each favored Watson–Crick base pairing. However, both 5fC and 5caC exhibited intranucleobase hydrogen bonding between their formyl or carboxyl oxygens, respectively, and the adjacent cytosine N4 exocyclic amines. The lesion-specific differences observed in the DDD may be implicated in recognition of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC in DNA by TDG. However, they do not correlate with differential excision of 5hmC, 5fC, or 5caC by TDG, which may be mediated by differences in transition states of the enzyme-bound complexes. PMID:25632825

Identification of the receptors for somatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CST) in chickens and investigation of the roles of cSST28, cSST14, and cCST14 in inhibiting cGHRH1-27NH2-induced growth hormone secretion in cultured chicken pituitary cells.

PubMed

Meng, Fengyan; Huang, Guian; Gao, Shunyu; Li, Juan; Yan, Zhenxin; Wang, Yajun

2014-03-25

Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are proposed to mediate the actions of somatostatin (SST) and its related peptide, cortistatin (CST), in vertebrates. However, the identity, functionality, and tissue expression of these receptors remain largely unknown in most non-mammalian vertebrates including birds. In this study, five SSTRs (named cSSTR1, cSSTR2, cSSTR3, cSSTR4, cSSTR5) were cloned from chicken brain by RT-PCR. Using a pGL3-CRE-luciferase reporter system, we demonstrated that activation of each cSSTR expressed in CHO cells by cSST28, cSST14 and cCST14 treatment could inhibit forskolin-induced luciferase activity of CHO cells, indicating the functional coupling of all cSSTRs to Gi protein(s). Interestingly, cSSTR1-4 expressed in CHO cells could be activated by cSST28, cSST14 and cCST14 with high potencies, suggesting that they may function as the receptors common for these peptides. In contrast, cSSTR5 could be potently activated by cSST28 only, indicating that it is a cSST28-specific receptor. Using RT-PCR, wide expression of cSSTRs was detected in chicken tissues including pituitary. In accordance with their expression in pituitary, cSST28, cSST14, and cCST14 were demonstrated to inhibit basal and novel cGHRH1-27NH2-induced GH secretion in cultured chicken pituitary cells dose-dependently (0-10nM) by Western blot analysis, suggesting the involvement of cSSTR(s) common for these peptides in mediating their inhibitory actions. Collectively, our study establishes a molecular basis to elucidate the roles of SST/CST in birds and provide insights into the roles of SST/CST in vertebrates, such as their conserved actions on pituitary. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hemoglobin C, S-C, and E Diseases

MedlinePlus

... quickly than others, resulting in chronic anemia. Hemoglobin C disease Hemoglobin C disease occurs mostly in blacks. ... a common complication of hemoglobin C disease. Hemoglobin S-C disease Hemoglobin S-C disease occurs in people who ...

Allocate carbon for a reason: priorities are reflected in the ¹³C/¹²C ratios of plant lipids synthesized via three independent biosynthetic pathways.

PubMed

Zhou, Youping; Stuart-Williams, Hilary; Grice, Kliti; Kayler, Zachary E; Zavadlav, Saša; Vogts, Angela; Rommerskirchen, Florian; Farquhar, Graham D; Gessler, Arthur

2015-03-01

It has long been theorized that carbon allocation, in addition to the carbon source and to kinetic isotopic effects associated with a particular lipid biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in shaping the carbon isotopic composition ((13)C/(12)C) of lipids (Park and Epstein, 1961). If the latter two factors are properly constrained, valuable information about carbon allocation during lipid biosynthesis can be obtained from carbon isotope measurements. Published work of Chikaraishi et al. (2004) showed that leaf lipids isotopic shifts from bulk leaf tissue Δδ(13)C(bk-lp) (defined as δ(13)C(bulkleaftissue)-δ(13)C(lipid)) are pathway dependent: the acetogenic (ACT) pathway synthesizing fatty lipids has the largest isotopic shift, the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway synthesizing sterols the lowest and the phytol synthesizing 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway gives intermediate values. The differences in Δδ(13)C(bk-lp) between C3 and C4 plants Δδ(13)C(bk-lp,C4-C3) are also pathway-dependent: Δδ(13)C(ACT)(bk-lp,C4-C3) > Δδ(13)C(DXP(bk-lp,C4-C3) > Δδ(13)C(MVA)(bk-lp,C4-C3). These pathway-dependent differences have been interpreted as resulting from kinetic isotopic effect differences of key but unspecified biochemical reactions involved in lipids biosynthesis between C3 and C4 plants. After quantitatively considering isotopic shifts caused by (dark) respiration, export-of-carbon (to sink tissues) and photorespiration, we propose that the pathway-specific differences Δδ(13)C(bk-lp,C4-C3) can be successfully explained by C4-C3 carbon allocation (flux) differences with greatest flux into the ACT pathway and lowest into the MVA pathways (when flux is higher, isotopic shift relative to source is smaller). Highest carbon allocation to the ACT pathway appears to be tied to the most stringent role of water-loss-minimization by leaf waxes (composed mainly of fatty lipids) while the lowest carbon allocation to the MVA pathway can be largely explained by the fact that sterols act as regulatory hormones and membrane fluidity modulators in rather low concentrations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Combined Detection of NUDT15 Variants Could Highly Predict Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia in Chinese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Analysis.

PubMed

Chao, Kang; Wang, Xueding; Cao, Qian; Qian, Jiaming; Wu, Kaichun; Zhu, Xia; Yang, Hong; Liang, Jie; Lin, Lang; Huang, Zicheng; Zhang, Yu; Huang, Yibiao; Sun, Yinghao; Xue, Xianmin; Huang, Min; Hu, Pinjin; Lan, Ping; Gao, Xiang

2017-09-01

NUDT15 c.415C>T was a novel genetic marker confirmed in our center for thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Chinese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For validation, a large cohort study is needed. Meanwhile, the newly discovered NUDT15 coding variants (c.36_37insGGAGTC and c.52 G>A) have not been studied in patients with IBD. We aimed to further confirm the influence of 3 NUDT15 variants (c.415C>T, c.36_37insGGAGTC, and c.52G>A) on thiopurine-induced leukopenia in Chinese patients with IBD. Patients prescribed on thiopurines for at least 2 weeks were recruited from 4 tertiary hospitals. Clinical data were collected. NUDT15 genotypes were determined with polymerase chain reaction-RFLP and sequencing. The interactions between variants and leukopenia were analyzed. A total of 732 patients were included, 177 (24.3%) of whom developed leukopenia. There were strong associations of NUDT15 c.415C>T, c.36_37insGGAGTC, and c.52G>A with thiopurine-induced leukopenia (P = 1.81 × 10, P = 4.74 × 10 and P = 0.04, respectively), whereas there was no relevance for thiopurine S-methyltransferase genotypes (P = 0.25). The predictive sensitivity of NUDT15 c.415C>T was 49.2%, whereas it increased to 55.4% when combined analysis with c.36_37insGGAGTC and c.52G>A. Notably, not only the homozygotes with NUDT15 c.415C>T but also the heterozygotes both carrying c.415C>T and c.52G>A developed early leukopenia. The median dosage for NUDT15 c.415C>T carriers was significantly lower than that for wild-type (P < 0.001). We confirmed that NUDT15 c.415C>T, c.36_37insGGAGTC, and c.52G>A variants were risk factors for thiopurine-induced leukopenia. Combined detection of the 3 variants could increase the predictive sensitivity of thiopurine-induced leukopenia and help to distinguish early leukopenia in heterozygote of c.415C>T in Chinese patients with IBD. Treatment monitoring by NUDT15 variants may be promising in individualized therapy.

Crystal Structure of the MACPF Domain of Human Complement Protein C8[alpha] in Complex with the C8[gamma] Subunit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Slade, Daniel J.; Lovelace, Leslie L.; Chruszcz, Maksymilian

2010-03-04

Human C8 is one of five complement components (C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9) that assemble on bacterial membranes to form a porelike structure referred to as the 'membrane attack complex' (MAC). C8 contains three genetically distinct subunits (C8{alpha}, C8{beta}, C8{gamma}) arranged as a disulfide-linked C8{alpha}-{gamma} dimer that is noncovalently associated with C8{beta}. C6, C7 C8{alpha}, C8{beta}, and C9 are homologous. All contain N- and C-terminal modules and an intervening 40-kDa segment referred to as the membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain. The C8{gamma} subunit is unrelated and belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins that display a {beta}-barrel fold andmore » generally bind small, hydrophobic ligands. Several hundred proteins with MACPF domains have been identified based on sequence similarity; however, the structure and function of most are unknown. Crystal structures of the secreted bacterial protein Plu-MACPF and the human C8{alpha} MACPF domain were recently reported and both display a fold similar to those of the bacterial pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs). In the present study, we determined the crystal structure of the human C8{alpha} MACPF domain disulfide-linked to C8{gamma} ({alpha}MACPF-{gamma}) at 2.15 {angstrom} resolution. The {alpha}MACPF portion has the predicted CDC-like fold and shows two regions of interaction with C8{gamma}. One is in a previously characterized 19-residue insertion (indel) in C8{alpha} and fills the entrance to the putative C8{gamma} ligand-binding site. The second is a hydrophobic pocket that makes contact with residues on the side of the C8{gamma} {beta}-barrel. The latter interaction induces conformational changes in {alpha}MACPF that are likely important for C8 function. Also observed is structural conservation of the MACPF signature motif Y/W-G-T/S-H-F/Y-X{sub 6}-G-G in {alpha}MACPF and Plu-MACPF, and conservation of several key glycine residues known to be important for refolding and pore formation by CDCs.« less

Symmetry of the Matrix Model of Anisotropic Media with Orthogonal Eigenmodes and its Application for the Developing of Remote Sensing Polarimetric Measurement Systems in Visible

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-01

c m m m m c m m im im c m m ...im im c m m m m c m m im im c im m m im c m im im m c im im m m = + + + = + + − = + − + = + − − = + + − = + + − = − + + = − + + + (67...4 1 1, , 4 4 1 1, , 4 4 1 1, . 4 4 c m m im im c

40 CFR Figure C-1 to Subpart C of... - Suggested Format for Reporting Test Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2 C Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment... Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Fig. C-1 Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Suggested Format for Reporting Test... Difference Table C-1 spec. Pass or fail Low 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm 3 4 5 6 Medium 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm...

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Default CO2 Emission Factors and High Heat Values for Various Types of Fuel

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Heat Values for Various Types of Fuel C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 98 Protection of Environment... Stationary Fuel Combustion Sources Pt. 98, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 98—Default CO2... exception of ethylene. 2 Ethylene HHV determined at 41 °F (5 °C) and saturation pressure. 3 Use of this...

40 CFR Figure C-1 to Subpart C of... - Suggested Format for Reporting Test Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2 C Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment... Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Fig. C-1 Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Suggested Format for Reporting Test... Difference Table C-1 spec. Pass or fail Low 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm 3 4 5 6 Medium 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm...

40 CFR Figure C-1 to Subpart C of... - Suggested Format for Reporting Test Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2 C Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment... Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Fig. C-1 Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Suggested Format for Reporting Test... Difference Table C-1 spec. Pass or fail Low 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm 3 4 5 6 Medium 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm...

40 CFR Figure C-1 to Subpart C of... - Suggested Format for Reporting Test Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2 C Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment... Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Fig. C-1 Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Suggested Format for Reporting Test... Difference Table C-1 spec. Pass or fail Low 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm 3 4 5 6 Medium 1 ____ ppm 2 to ____ ppm...

32 CFR 256.6 - Runway classification by aircraft type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Runway classification by aircraft type. 256.6... type. Class A runways S-2, VC-6, C-1, C-2, TC-4C, U-10, U-11, LU-16, TU-16, HU-16, C-7, C-8, C-12, C-47...-130, A-7, A-38, AV-8, P-2, P-3, T-29, T-33, T-37, T-39, T-1, HC-130B, C-131, C-140, C-5A, KC-97, F-9...

32 CFR 256.6 - Runway classification by aircraft type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Runway classification by aircraft type. 256.6... type. Class A runways S-2, VC-6, C-1, C-2, TC-4C, U-10, U-11, LU-16, TU-16, HU-16, C-7, C-8, C-12, C-47...-130, A-7, A-38, AV-8, P-2, P-3, T-29, T-33, T-37, T-39, T-1, HC-130B, C-131, C-140, C-5A, KC-97, F-9...

The frequency of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms in Russian patients with peptic ulcers treated with proton pump inhibitors.

PubMed

Sychev, D A; Denisenko, N P; Sizova, Z M; Grachev, A V; Velikolug, K A

2015-01-01

Proton pump inhibitors, which are widely used as acid-inhibitory agents for the treatment of peptic ulcers, are mainly metabolized by 2C19 isoenzyme of cytochrome P450 (CYP2C19). CYP2C19 has genetic polymorphisms, associated with extensive, poor, intermediate or ultra-rapid metabolism of proton pump inhibitors. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 could be of clinical concern in the treatment of peptic ulcers with proton pump inhibitors. To investigate the frequencies of CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, and CYP2C19*17 alleles and genotypes in Russian patients with peptic ulcers. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 971 patients of Caucasian origin with Russian nationality from Moscow region with endoscopically and histologically proven ulcers, 428 males (44%) and 543 females (56%). The mean age was 44.6±11.9 years (range: 15-88 years). DNA was extracted from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid whole blood samples (10 mL). The polymorphisms CYP2C19 681G.A (CYP2C19*2, rs4244285), CYP2C19 636 G.A (CYP2C19*3, rs4986893) and CYP2C19 -806 C.T (CYP2C19*17, rs12248560) were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Regarding CYP2C19 genotype, 317 patients (32.65%) out of 971 were CYP2C19*1/*1 carriers classified as extensive metabolizers. Three hundred and eighty-six (39.75%) with CYP2C19*1/*17 or CYP2C19*17/*17 genotype were ultra-rapid metabolizers. Two hundred and fifty-one people (25.85%) were intermediate metabolizers with CYP2C19*1/*2, CYP2C19*2/*17, CYP2C19*1/*3, CYP2C19*3/*17 genotypes. Seventeen patients (1.75%) with CYP2C19*2/*2, CYP2C19*3/*3, CYP2C19*2/*3 genotypes were poor metabolizers. The allele frequencies were the following: CYP2C19*2 - 0.140, CYP2C19*3 - 0.006, CYP2C19*17 - 0.274. There is a high frequency of CYP2C19 genotypes associated with modified response to proton pump inhibitors in Russian patients with peptic ulcers. Genotyping for CYP2C19 polymorphisms is suggested to be a useful tool for personalized dosing of proton pump inhibitors.

Finite Element Electromagnetic Scattering: An Interactive Micro-Computer Algorithm

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

the array established to hold all of C the transformed Y values. C C xamax The maximum value of the X array (XARRAY) C yamax The maximum v.lue of the...PI, MAGI, NOOTS, NUMPTS REAL N;UMSETS, RAD,1 THETAI RL X-MAX, XFIIJ, XMAJOR, XMAX, XMIN, XORO, XST REAL YAMAX , YFIN, YMAJOR. YMAX, YMIIJ, YCRG...U) go to 1 b =selecti C C LOAD ARRAYS c =1 xamax =0.0 yamax = 0.0 gamax =0.0 tatle2 =title6(a,b,c) do 18 c =1,int(numpts) tarray~c) =thetaca,b,c

The Mutagenic Potential of 4 nitrophenyl bis(2-thienyl)-phosphinate; 4-nitrophenyl 2-furyl(methyl)-phosphinates; 4-cyanophenyl bis(2-furyl)-phosphinate; 4-nitrophenyl bis(2-furyl)-phosphinate.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

by an enzymatic process, a mammalian microsome system is incorporated. These microsomal enzymes are obtained from livers of rats induced with Aroclor...1254; the enzymes allow for the expression of the metabolites in the mammalian system. This activated rat liver microsomal enzyme homogenate is termed...C) NOME== - - c.J ~ -C) (n in C).*0 ’ r- 0 -0 -. -. : - kz ’.01. -C- - , C) ~~i - - o C40--. C) - ~ flj- ~ - - ~C) -* oj co 00 -r- -j P.. -C ’ opC

Neuropilin 2: Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Aggressive Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

1 (0.01) 6.11 (0.44) NPR2 1 (0.042) 17.7 (1.56) 1 (0.27) 15.08 (1.99) GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR STEMNESS C hIgG Beva c-S EM A c-fu rSE MA 0 0.2 0.4 0.6...peptide (c-furSEMA) or control peptide (c-SEMA). 9 :VEGF c-S EM A c-fu rSE MAA C PC 3-S PC 3-R C4 -2S C4 -2R Rac-active Rac-input VEGF PC3 C4-2

Electronic structure and static dipole polarizability of C60@C240

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zope, Rajendra R.

2008-04-01

The electronic structure of C60@C240 and its first-order response to a static electric field is studied by an all-electron density functional theory calculation using large polarized Gaussian basis sets. Our results show that the outer C240 shell almost completely shields the inner C60 as inferred from the practically identical values of dipole polarizability of the C60@C240 onion (449 Å3) and that of the isolated C240 fullerene (441 Å3). The C60@C240 is thus a near-perfect Faraday cage.

(DURIP) MIMO Radar Testbed for Waveform Adaptive Sensing Research

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-17

OH 43210 -1016 31-Aug...Ohio State University Columbus, OH Foreword Microwave radar systems are crucial components of any standoff sensor system due to their all-weather...976LP 3E E N 1 R D 2 R E F 3 V R X 4 HV 5 N/C1 6 N/C2 7 N/C3 8 N /C 4 9 N /C 5 10 V R 11 N /C 6 12 N/C7 13 N/ C8 14 VDD 15 N/C9 16 GND_2 17 C 9 10uF C

Generation, Characterization and Applications of Fullerenes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shengzhong

A contact-arc sputtering configuration has been adopted and optimized in order to generate fullerene-containing soot. Several stages of design improvements have made our equipment more effective in terms of yield and production rate. Upon modification of Wudl's Soxhlet separation procedure, we have been able to significantly speed up C_ {60} separation and higher fullerene enrichment. At least ten more separable HPLC peaks after C_ {84} have been observed for the first time. Preliminary laser desorption time of flight mass spectra suggest that our enriched higher fullerene sample possibly contains, C_{86}, C_{88}, C_ {90}, C_{92} , C_{94} and C _{96} in addition to the previously isolated smaller fullerenes C_ {60}, C_{70} , C_{76}, C _{78}(D_2), C_{78}(C_ {rm 2v}) and C_{84 }. Among these, C_{86 }, C_{88}, C_{92} show up for the first time in separable amounts and the controversial species --C_{94} appears present too. HPLC has been successfully used for high fullerene separation, pure C_{76}, C_{84} samples so far having been obtained. Fullerene decomposition (especially of higher fullerenes) in the column has been clearly identified. We defined HPLC peaks indicate that the oxidation process may follow certain "well defined" routes. A yellow epoxide band containing various oxides of C_{60 } has been extracted and characterized using mass spectrometry. Characterizations of pure C _{60} and C_{70 } include HPLC, mass spectrometry, vibrational IR and Raman spectroscopy, STM, TEM etc. Our Raman measurements completed the full assignment of C_{60 } fundamental modes and supplied more structural information on C_{70}. STM imaging supplied clear pictures of both C_ {60} and C_{70} molecular topologies. Especially for C _{70}, both the long and the short axes of the molecule have been clearly resolved. TEM observations involving imaging, diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy of crystalline C_{60} and C_{70} were performed. The room temperature lattice structure of C _{70} was determined for the first time. C_{60} single crystals have been obtained from cyclohexane solution and X-ray diffraction has been successfully employed. Diffraction data sets collected with three crystals at different temperatures show that at these temperatures the molecules are statistically distributed in two molecular orientations within the cubic lattice. Fullerenes have been applied for diamond nucleation and second-harmonic generation. We have discovered that activated fullerenes, especially C_{70 } can be used as diamond nucleation sites on non-diamond substrates. A speculative diamond nucleation model is proposed which may provide a means of better understanding the mechanism of diamond nucleation. The second harmonic generation intensity of C_{60} thin films has been measured as a function of film temperature and poling field voltage. The largest value of chi_sp{rm pol} {(2)} is about fifteen times larger than that of quartz.

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

��< h t m l x m l n s : v = " u r n : s c h e m a s - m i c r o s o f t - c o m : v m l " x m l n s : o = " u r n : s c h e m a s - m i c r o s o f t - c o m : o f f i c e : o f f i c e " x m l n s : w = " u r n : s c h e m a s - m i c r o s o f t - c o m : o f f i c e

Metal-Free Oxidative C-C Bond Formation through C-H Bond Functionalization.

PubMed

Narayan, Rishikesh; Matcha, Kiran; Antonchick, Andrey P

2015-10-12

The formation of C-C bonds embodies the core of organic chemistry because of its fundamental application in generation of molecular diversity and complexity. C-C bond-forming reactions are well-known challenges. To achieve this goal through direct functionalization of C-H bonds in both of the coupling partners represents the state-of-the-art in organic synthesis. Oxidative C-C bond formation obviates the need for prefunctionalization of both substrates. This Minireview is dedicated to the field of C-C bond-forming reactions through direct C-H bond functionalization under completely metal-free oxidative conditions. Selected important developments in this area have been summarized with representative examples and discussions on their reaction mechanisms. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Geochemistry and cosmochemistry of fullerenes 3: Reaction of C60 and C70 with ozone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heymann, D.; Chibante, L. P. F.

1993-01-01

C60 and C70 dissolved in toluene were treated with O2 gas containing 2.6 volume percent ozone and with O3-free oxygen. No reaction products were detected for 0.1 mole of O2 passed through the solution, but destruction of C60 was clearly detectable for a dose of 10(exp -6) moles of O3. C70 was destroyed more slowly than C60. Among the substances remaining in solution, we identified C60O, C70O, C60O2, C60O3, and C60O4. C60 crystals exposed to O3 at room temperature became less soluble in toluene in a matter of days, but oxides were apparently not formed.

Effect of processing on fracture toughness of silicon carbide as determined by Vickers indentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dannels, Christine M.; Dutta, Sunil

1989-01-01

Several alpha-SiC materials were processed by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) and by sintering an alpha-SiC powder containing boron and carbon. Several beta-SiC materials were processed by HIPing a beta-SiC powder with boron and carbon additions. The fracture toughnesses K(sub 1c) of these beta- and alpha-SiC materials were estimated from measurements of Vickers indentations. The three formulas used to estimate K(sub 1c) from the indentation fracture patterns resulted in three ranges of K(sub 1c) estimates. Furthermore, each formula measured the effects of processing differently. All three estimates indicated that fine-grained HIPed alpha-SiC has a higher K(sub 1c) than coarsed-grained sintered alpha-SiC. Hot isostatically pressed beta-SiC, which had an ultrafine grain structure, exhibited a K(sub 1c) comparable to that of HIPed alpha-SiC.

The C8-binding protein of human erythrocytes: interaction with the components of the complement-attack phase.

PubMed Central

Schönermark, S; Filsinger, S; Berger, B; Hänsch, G M

1988-01-01

C8-binding protein is an intrinsic membrane protein of the human erythrocyte. It inhibits the complement (C5b-9)-mediated lysis in a species-restricting manner. In the present study we incorporated C8bp, isolated from human erythrocytes, into sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). SRBC, normally sensitive to lysis by human C5b-9, became insensitive to lysis. Furthermore, we found that C8bp is incorporated into the membrane-attack complex C5b-9, most probably by interacting with C8, since C8bp has an affinity for C8, particularly for the C8 alpha-gamma-subunit. Antibodies to C8bp react with the C8 alpha-subunits and with C9, pointing to the possibility of a partial homology between these proteins. Images Figure 4 Figure 6 Figure 7 PMID:3366469

A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records

PubMed Central

Skvarla, Michael J.; Fisher, J. Ray; Dowling, Ashley P. G.

2014-01-01

Abstract Cunaxidae are predaceous mites found in a variety of habitats. This work provides comprehensive keys to world subfamilies, genera, and species. Diagnoses and historical reviews are provided for subfamilies and genera. Cunaxa boneti, C. denmarki, C. exoterica, C. floridanus, C. lehmanae, C. lukoschusi, C. metzi, C. myabunderensis, C newyorkensis, C. rackae, C. reevesi, and C. reticulatus are moved to Rubroscirus and C. otiosus, C. valentis, and C. rasile are returned to Rubroscirus. Cunaxoides neopectinatus is moved to Pulaeus. Neocunaxoides pradhani and N. gilbertoi are transferred to Scutopalus. Pulaeus minutus and P. subterraneus are moved to Lupaeus. Pseudobonzia bakari, P. malookensis, and P. shamshadi are transferred to Neobonzia. Dactyloscirus bifidus is transferred to Armascirus. Scirula papillata is reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time. Armascirus ozarkensis, A. primigenius, and Dactyloscirus dolichosetosus are reported from new localities. PMID:25061358

Prime Contract Awards Alphabetically by Contractor, by State or Country, and Place. Part 10. (Iannuccillo R.P. Sons Constr.-Kalen and Associates)

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

c \\j 40 0 < 0 < 0ɘ -4 0 X 0 0 C .) LAJ MC4 1-1 10 (D 40 0 0 40 0 0- a. a CLIOU (7 iL w C ) L) x M -I LL- in Ix w < 0 x 1-1 4 M-4...298 (Rev 2-89) SPrescribed by ANSI Std 39-18 0 2298-102 (90 0 QL uC 0 0 U - Eu0 4 03 c .4 ’’ i’ C ) o 0 c ;- 0: -~ z.-75 < ) ~~~~~~- CO(CJ - * ~ 0 I...LJo 0. C0 C D) 4)J 06 Q)> a2 - L o c0’) 0 L. a "i 0 toLUL 0 (n 0) C -- W .. C ~ ~ C .14 0 0 . C ) ’U

Derivation of a Theory to Estimate the Kinetic Parameters for Systems with Multiple Substrates Competing for the Same Active Site on an Enzyme

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

where a = (k2+k3)/(k1A) = KmA/A; b = (k5+k6)/(k4B) = KmB/B; c = (k8+k9)/(k7C) = KmC /C; and d = (k11+k12)/(k10D) = KmD/D...in terms of the system parameters EA/E0 = (A/KmA) / (1 + A/KmA + B/KmB + C/ KmC + D/KmD) EB/E0 = (B/KmB) / (1 + A/KmA + B/KmB + C/ KmC + D/KmD...EC/E0 = (C/ KmC ) / (1 + A/KmA + B/KmB + C/ KmC + D/KmD) ED/E0 = (D/KmD) / (1 + A/KmA + B/KmB + C/ KmC + D/KmD) The fraction of free enzyme existing

CACA-TOCSY with alternate 13C-12C labeling: a 13Calpha direct detection experiment for mainchain resonance assignment, dihedral angle information, and amino acid type identification.

PubMed

Takeuchi, Koh; Frueh, Dominique P; Sun, Zhen-Yu J; Hiller, Sebastian; Wagner, Gerhard

2010-05-01

We present a (13)C direct detection CACA-TOCSY experiment for samples with alternate (13)C-(12)C labeling. It provides inter-residue correlations between (13)C(alpha) resonances of residue i and adjacent C(alpha)s at positions i - 1 and i + 1. Furthermore, longer mixing times yield correlations to C(alpha) nuclei separated by more than one residue. The experiment also provides C(alpha)-to-sidechain correlations, some amino acid type identifications and estimates for psi dihedral angles. The power of the experiment derives from the alternate (13)C-(12)C labeling with [1,3-(13)C] glycerol or [2-(13)C] glycerol, which allows utilizing the small scalar (3)J(CC) couplings that are masked by strong (1)J(CC) couplings in uniformly (13)C labeled samples.

1987 CRC Octane Number Requirement Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-01

GIo tzc I .. G 0l 00 000 00CC D D0 000 C 09 In +1+1+1 +1+1+1 +1+1+1 +1+1+1 0jO r Lfl ~C C J~ V! 0104l - u coc00 0o00 G00 c 𔃺c1010c (U, Ch % C C CD 0...w% wm 0% - 0 -L 00 0% CD-r- -0 0 . 4p 0 .0% CD. CV) qw %Q 0% 0 CD 00 co Go co ’. % ’ 0% 0% 0 00 09 0% 0%9 0%9 0% 09 CL. Q 7 4 e 0 %C - Ch 4 0 0 r% 0 0...n -wc 44 c - m x ~~in Id b, m U- Ix C DC D40Qq-A0% c DC aC .- 0 LU- 5.. i 0 10 VI0% t at Ch C% 0I % 0 0 0 w 01040 0 Q CDC 0 010 00 CDQC QC %. ukooC co

Solar Energy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

r G 2 W to* L- .0 -- >0m0 L tox >- td . U74o m Et -t C V).--01- MU a#CO Cmto (D 3- 4h - ’- ; %14 4 , c o ’ow ft 000 -- -t4ME’toL0S:Oj- D- C - L 1: 0) d...I- C M-D w 0A--DC C 0 c c 0 :3 -DmC tD 4)Oft- (A OU .l C). 4A LDQC4--U-- M*; U.;O 0 fu ,0 4 a> U W, GD >. 0 D GDI GDO; )D Co C U ODDDL MG (n 4 In 41...r4C4 󈧭 u 41 C, a, -300c’- 41..𔃼 : WC WA 140U Zm L: 1 >. O X424.a 0 L E -0 0) z’ a- W - 3uV ’oC o w mc C-1 (000 40 02 .D Ga cr > -4 II -, 0r0 OC L

Atmospheric Conditions at the High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility (HELSTF), White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), New Mexico 24 March to 8 April 1977

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

En 1 S - G)) cc E LS-3CS -L I m L 3 cc0 0 W) in w 3 33c v 3c do - I. ILL. ccL ts0.lIL 00 lC ) C) C LI C> C C.) C12 C.) C\\ 3 C...8217IVW(’) C’Jý9;o ) r uitN U) En QE0LD . P" ý 0 0 0282 4~ x D ,qRRKY 07 RPR 1977 o -’ !1.06 U!( 1.65-J.00501=- 1.,j " 3 3 8 0 L• [ ! . 17- J .0 C 5...004 C3 $ 𔃺 - %5.4 .- 4’ -- 4 $404 - - o 41 Z0.0 0ɘ U4- $4 - $ 1. 4’ . $41 U 0.00-40-00-4 01*034 4 0 r- 0 0 -- .0 .00 0 En 0 0 U 0 U E . 3 -

New taxa, new records and notes on Coleoxestia Aurivillius, 1912 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae).

PubMed

Galileo, Maria Helena M; Santos-Silva, Antonio

2016-07-05

The following new records are reported: Coleoxestia julietae Galileo & Martins, 2006 (new department record in Bolivia; Peru, new country record); C. spinipennis spinipennis (Audinet-Serville, 1834) (Bolivia, new country record; French Guiana, new country record); C. nitida (Bates, 1872) (Bolivia, new country record); C. anthracina Martins & Monné, 2005 (Bolivia, new country record); C. glabripennis (Bates, 1870) (Peru, new country record; French Guiana, new country record); C. pubicornis (Gounelle, 1909) (Peru, new country record); C. rubromaculata (Gounelle, 1909) (Peru, new country record; French Guiana, new country record); C. rufosemivittata Tippmann, 1960 (Peru, new country record); C. illex (Gounelle, 1909) (Bolivia, new country record). Color pattern variation is reported for the first time in C. julietae and C. glabripennis (Bates, 1870). Presence of lateral spine on prothorax of Coleoxestia is reported for the first time in C. rufosemivittata Tippmann, 1960 and C. nitida. The male of C. spinifemorata Fragoso, 1993 is described. Two new species are described: C. weemsi from Trinidad and Tobago; C. bettellaorum from Bolivia.

Low Activation Joining of SiC/SiC Composites for Fusion Applications: Modeling Thermal and Irradiation-induced Swelling Effects on Integrity of Ti3SiC2/SiC Joint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Ba Nghiep; Henager, Charles H.; Kurtz, Richard J.

This work developed a continuum damage mechanics model that incorporates thermal expansion combined with irradiation-induced swelling effects to study the origin of cracking observed in recent irradiation experiments. Micromechanical modeling using an Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach was used to compute the thermoelastic properties of the Ti3SiC2/SiC joint needed for the model. In addition, a microstructural dual-phase Ti3SiC2/SiC model was developed to determine irradiation-induced swelling of the composite joint at a given temperature resulting from differential swelling of SiC and the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase. Three cases for the miniature torsion hourglass (THG) specimens containing a Ti3SiC2/SiC joint were analyzed corresponding to three irradiationmore » temperatures: 800oC, 500oC, and 400oC.« less

Proceedings of the International Conference on the Numerical Simulation of Plasmas (14th) Held in Annapolis, Maryland on September 3-6, 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

2 - tý a .5 .= . A ’. 2 0’.. o SS ’.. . t I -. .5 :. C, 0 Oý 0 r go %C a -0 c SS 2L 2E "t-iocogo" 0 IS F6 a c So a,, 3 IL So E 2 Q Qo’ V E r r 0c c...4 ar 0 -C ’ aCCa 0 W. , US w .2 00 ~ i; E 2 ~ . o.Z-. - w a~C -0 e0 E4 Em 12 *U - -.E 2 c - act , 0 3 2. , =- b ! .. E0 E 2- ccZZ cT, w~. ýt 0 w C...00 o- c 00 F6 ~ -02 C -4 a. 71 if )A 1 G a -2 - a d= . Cc 00 -V -0 0 P- . -- Z - 2 - q 0 0J2 2 a c x -a WO.~. 0 C;W n-a- - 0 1 o ao RR 0 if * . -I

78 FR 50147 - 2012 Liquid Chemical Categorization Updates

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

..., Alkenyl(C12+) acid ester mixture... Alkyl acrylate-Vinylpyridine copolymer in toluene *.... Y Alkylbenzene...) phenylamine in aromatic solvents Y Alkyl(C9+) benzenes Y Alkyl(C11-C17) benzene sulfonic acid Y Alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (4% or less) Alkyl dithiocarbamate (C19-C35) Y Alkyl dithiothiadiazole (C6-C24) Y Alkyl ester...

77 FR 10004 - C$ cMoney, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] C$ cMoney, Inc.; Order of Suspension of... current and accurate information concerning the securities of C$ cMoney, Inc. (``cMoney'') because of questions regarding the accuracy of assertions by cMoney, and by others, in press releases to investors and...

Microstructures and Properties of the C/Zr-O-Si-C Composites Fabricated by Polymer Infiltration and Pyrolysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Yan; Chen, Zhaohui

2013-09-01

A way to improve the ablation properties of the C/SiC composites in an oxyacetylene torch environment was investigated by the precursor infiltration and pyrolysis route using three organic precursors (zirconium butoxide, polycarbosilane, and divinylbenzene). The ceramic matrix derived from the precursors at 1200 °C was mainly a mixture of SiC, ZrO2, and C. After annealing at 1600 °C for 1 h, ZrO2 partly transformed to ZrC because of the carbothermic reductions and completely transformed to ZrC at 1800 °C in 1 h. The mechanical properties of the composites decreased with increasing temperature, while the ablation resistance increased due to the increasing content of ZrC. Compared with C/SiC composites, the ablation resistance of the C/Zr-O-Si-C composites overwhelms because of the oxide films which formed on the ablation surfaces. And, the films were composed of two layers: the porous surface layer (the mixture of ZrO2 and SiO2) and the dense underlayer (SiO2).

Occurrence of yeasts in psittacines droppings from captive birds in Italy.

PubMed

Mancianti, Francesca; Nardoni, Simona; Ceccherelli, Renato

2002-01-01

Three-hundred twenty five droppings from parrots raised in the premises of 4 breeders and in several private households were cultured for yeasts. One-hundred sixty droppings (49.2%) resulted positive. From these specimens 212 isolates belonging to 27 different species were obtained. Mainly Candida species such as C. albicans, C. catenulata, C. curvata, C. famata, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondi, C. holmii, C. intermedia, C. krusei, C. lambica, C. lusitaniae, C. membranaefaciens, C. parapsilosis, C. pelliculosa, C. sake and C. valida were isolated. Debarvomyces marama, D. polymorphus, Geotrichum sp., Pichia etchelsii, P. ohmeri, Rhodotorula glutinis, R. rubra, Rhodotorula sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. kluyiveri and Zygosaccharomyces sp. were also obtained. Dark colonies on Staib medium were never observed. The psittacine birds apparently serve as carriers for several Candida species or their perfect states and to a lesser extent for other opportunistic yeasts such as Rhodotorula, Trichosporon and Saccharomyces spp., which are considered part of the transient microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. The most striking finding was the absence of Cryptococcus spp. among the isolates. The present survey confirms the role of pet birds in carrying potential zoonotic yeasts.

Department of the Army Justification of Estimates for Fiscal Year 1987, Submitted to Congress February 1986. Operation and Maintenance, Army. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-01

Izu ac)L 4)V C rio 2C E-4-4 in 0) M) V VOz V C 0 d 0C 0 C)4 0 C 4 tiC r. . a) ". HL 1- o 0) CC -4 A.) w 4 1-4 :5 c) r_ cC c Ř 0 0 w) W4 0 P-4 a) 0 S 0...CL.C 0.491 hi% % A ~ 9.~§~: ~:~-:*~~.*.-~*:*~~; o~-a’~--o~"T q - 0 t- O OC M -Z oo ’- -- iP - LL. 00 -)N - - CYu LLL; 00-0’JUL) . 0 C n% coO 0 TN N: O om...Crzjz 41 - . *1 4-a 4. -4 . A~’i m* * W0 : ) c a): (0 4.. S 4.10t - *1 5.n- *0 M* -4 0 cn 0 12 ’a .3 w8 -4 C14 0 w . 0 4-4 C ~ 0 * *~ 4J CZ4 ~ 5 D IP tv r

Exploiting hidden symmetry in natural products: total syntheses of amphidinolides C and F.

PubMed

Mahapatra, Subham; Carter, Rich G

2013-07-24

The total synthesis of amphidinolide C and a second-generation synthesis of amphidinolide F have been accomplished through the use of a common intermediate to access both the C1-C8 and the C18-C25 sections. The development of a Ag-catalyzed cyclization of a propargyl benzoate diol is described to access both trans-tetrahydrofuran rings. The evolution of a Felkin-controlled, 2-lithio-1,3-dienyl addition strategy to incorporate C9-C11 diene as well as C8 stereocenter is detailed. Key controlling aspects in the sulfone alkylation/oxidative desulfurization to join the major subunits, including the exploration of the optimum masking group for the C18 carbonyl motif, are discussed. A Trost asymmetric alkynylation and a stereoselective cuprate addition to an alkynoate have been developed for the rapid construction of the C26-C34 subunit. A Tamura/Vedejs olefination to introduce the C26 side arm of amphidnolides C and F is employed. The late-stage incorporation of the C15, C18 diketone motif proved critical to the successful competition of the total syntheses.

Exploiting Hidden Symmetry in Natural Products: Total Syntheses of Amphidinolides C and F

PubMed Central

Mahapatra, Subham

2013-01-01

The total synthesis of amphidinolide C and a second-generation synthesis of amphidinolide F have been accomplished through the use of a common intermediate to access both the C1-C8 and the C18-C25 sections. The development of a Ag-catalyzed cyclization of a propargyl benzoate diol is described to access both trans-tetrahydrofuran rings. The evolution of a Felkin-controlled 2-lithio-1,3-dienyl addition strategy to incorporate C9-C11 diene as well as C8 stereocenter is detailed. Key controlling aspects in the sulfone alkylation / oxidative desulfurization to join the major subunits, including the exploration of the optimum masking group for the C18 carbonyl motif, are discussed. A Trost asymmetric alkynylation and a stereoselective cuprate addition to an alkynoate have been developed for the rapid construction of the C26-C34 subunit. A Tamura/Vedejs olefination to introduce the C26 sidearm of amphidnolides C and F is employed. The late-stage incorporation of the C15, C18 diketone motif proved critical to the successful competition of the total syntheses. PMID:23845005

Installation Restoration Program. Phase 2. Confirmation/Quantification. Stage 1. Air Force Plant 4, Fort Worth, Texas. Volume 2. Appendix A-1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

N1 4. j -0 z0 Uc n 41 or tD D, C a z 4s -J’ - - -T. = 3 CL Ct UL Cfl a-4 CL c r- 0CL U 4 -40 0 CL - :r j3 :) c c 0 0.’ 0- 1- 0 j c D4 C 4) 4 M 48= u...Ii el ozi - - 1 2 1 * ~ ~ ~ ~ L I.) z T L F-, ~ ~ - - *~~~~~ ~~ 093. j ,U .) . C- i n- zi -7 CD Z- c c c c c I a D- do 0. CL C a- JaJ - LA a) IC= -=1 -4...w N M’ it ’.o r’. M O’ 0 td M ’ 3aW 0 00 0 00 0 0 .- - .4 14 LaJ4 W4V L" Z- Z C3 1=z C= CD U IS LL L W N m’ t U) M 0. 0 . ’-U> CDn I-0 00CSI-W0C S6

Prime Contract Awards by State, County, Contractor and Place. Fiscal Year 1992. (October - September). North Carolina thru Wyoming

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

w4 w-4< o j.O -)Q j-j u I 4-~z z a2w wmn 0 aj w 0 Wzc~oj < 3 Lwoziw <. " ý- a 0 j00m jc a a a C .x<-1-40 -4 It4 -- -j-4-4-4- -f.-4.- aCaro 4.4 0 n 0...XM.4 0W .-4 -W4J M Q- w AV ( 0 0 0 w. I-- I-D:)>>>>> 33: -Ir3x tx a,0z z -W ~ VVVg- ~ ~ ~ nI D -I C ~ ~ .1 C C C C C ~ r O C C C C~ 0 C - I 4 4 Il0...34 Ma4 -.1.- .4.4ýD ý_ $ I -. 4.4<.40> -.4 m- > <.,4- M -ý. n 4 .. -. 4--I l z 0 77 w C-:3 UjOW.0. I- It rzC ý 0 m aC Cl Wo .-CC tC ( AV In 016 0 0O.3

Sintering Behavior of Spark Plasma Sintered SiC with Si-SiC Composite Nanoparticles Prepared by Thermal DC Plasma Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Yeon-Tae; Naik, Gautam Kumar; Lim, Young-Bin; Yoon, Jeong-Mo

2017-11-01

The Si-coated SiC (Si-SiC) composite nanoparticle was prepared by non-transferred arc thermal plasma processing of solid-state synthesized SiC powder and was used as a sintering additive for SiC ceramic formation. Sintered SiC pellet was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, and the effect of nano-sized Si-SiC composite particles on the sintering behavior of micron-sized SiC powder was investigated. The mixing ratio of Si-SiC composite nanoparticle to micron-sized SiC was optimized to 10 wt%. Vicker's hardness and relative density was increased with increasing sintering temperature and holding time. The relative density and Vicker's hardness was further increased by reaction bonding using additional activated carbon to the mixture of micron-sized SiC and nano-sized Si-SiC. The maximum relative density (97.1%) and Vicker's hardness (31.4 GPa) were recorded at 1800 °C sintering temperature for 1 min holding time, when 0.2 wt% additional activated carbon was added to the mixture of SiC/Si-SiC.

The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex – hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops

PubMed Central

Damm, U.; O'Connell, R.J.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W.

2014-01-01

Colletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. Several Colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to C. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. The inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxonomic confusion, particularly in the plant pathology literature. A multilocus DNA sequence analysis (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 83 isolates of C. destructivum and related species revealed 16 clades that are recognised as separate species in the C. destructivum complex, which includes C. destructivum, C. fuscum, C. higginsianum, C. lini and C. tabacum. Each of these species is lecto-, epi- or neotypified in this study. Additionally, eight species, namely C. americae-borealis, C. antirrhinicola, C. bryoniicola, C. lentis, C. ocimi, C. pisicola, C. utrechtense and C. vignae are newly described. PMID:25492986

Search for excited B c + states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaij, R.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Alfonso Albero, A.; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Andreassi, G.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, J. E.; Appleby, R. B.; Archilli, F.; d'Argent, P.; Arnau Romeu, J.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Aslanides, E.; Atzeni, M.; Auriemma, G.; Baalouch, M.; Babuschkin, I.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J. J.; Badalov, A.; Baesso, C.; Baker, S.; Balagura, V.; Baldini, W.; Baranov, A.; Barlow, R. J.; Barschel, C.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Baryshnikov, F.; Batozskaya, V.; Battista, V.; Bay, A.; Beaucourt, L.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Beiter, A.; Bel, L. J.; Beliy, N.; Bellee, V.; Belloli, N.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Beranek, S.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Berninghoff, D.; Bertholet, E.; Bertolin, A.; Betancourt, C.; Betti, F.; Bettler, M. O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bezshyiko, Ia.; Bifani, S.; Billoir, P.; Birnkraut, A.; Bizzeti, A.; Bjørn, M.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blusk, S.; Bocci, V.; Boettcher, T.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Bordyuzhin, I.; Borghi, S.; Borisyak, M.; Borsato, M.; Bossu, F.; Boubdir, M.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Bowen, E.; Bozzi, C.; Braun, S.; Brodzicka, J.; Brundu, D.; Buchanan, E.; Burr, C.; Bursche, A.; Buytaert, J.; Byczynski, W.; Cadeddu, S.; Cai, H.; Calabrese, R.; Calladine, R.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Campora Perez, D. H.; Capriotti, L.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carniti, P.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Cassina, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cavallero, G.; Cenci, R.; Chamont, D.; Chapman, M. G.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chatzikonstantinidis, G.; Chefdeville, M.; Chen, S.; Cheung, S. F.; Chitic, S.-G.; Chobanova, V.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Chubykin, A.; Ciambrone, P.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Coco, V.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cogoni, V.; Cojocariu, L.; Collins, P.; Colombo, T.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Coombs, G.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Corvo, M.; Costa Sobral, C. M.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G. A.; Craik, D. C.; Crocombe, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Da Cunha Marinho, F.; Da Silva, C. L.; Dall'Occo, E.; Dalseno, J.; Davis, A.; De Aguiar Francisco, O.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Serio, M.; De Simone, P.; Dean, C. T.; Decamp, D.; Del Buono, L.; Dembinski, H.-P.; Demmer, M.; Dendek, A.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Dettori, F.; Dey, B.; Di Canto, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Dijkstra, H.; Dordei, F.; Dorigo, M.; Dosil Suárez, A.; Douglas, L.; Dovbnya, A.; Dreimanis, K.; Dufour, L.; Dujany, G.; Durante, P.; Durham, J. M.; Dutta, D.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziewiecki, M.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Easo, S.; Ebert, M.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; Ely, S.; Esen, S.; Evans, H. M.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Farley, N.; Farry, S.; Fazzini, D.; Federici, L.; Ferguson, D.; Fernandez, G.; Fernandez Declara, P.; Fernandez Prieto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Ferreira Lopes, L.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fini, R. A.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fleuret, F.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forty, R.; Franco Lima, V.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Fu, J.; Funk, W.; Furfaro, E.; Färber, C.; Gabriel, E.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gallorini, S.; Gambetta, S.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garcia Martin, L. M.; García Pardiñas, J.; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Garsed, P. J.; Gascon, D.; Gaspar, C.; Gavardi, L.; Gazzoni, G.; Gerick, D.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Ghez, Ph.; Gianì, S.; Gibson, V.; Girard, O. G.; Giubega, L.; Gizdov, K.; Gligorov, V. V.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gorelov, I. V.; Gotti, C.; Govorkova, E.; Grabowski, J. P.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graverini, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Greim, R.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Gruber, L.; Gruberg Cazon, B. R.; Grünberg, O.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Göbel, C.; Hadavizadeh, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S. C.; Hamilton, B.; Han, X.; Hancock, T. H.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S. T.; Hasse, C.; Hatch, M.; He, J.; Hecker, M.; Heinicke, K.; Heister, A.; Hennessy, K.; Henrard, P.; Henry, L.; van Herwijnen, E.; Heß, M.; Hicheur, A.; Hill, D.; Hopchev, P. H.; Hu, W.; Huang, W.; Huard, Z. C.; Hulsbergen, W.; Humair, T.; Hushchyn, M.; Hutchcroft, D.; Ibis, P.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Jacobsson, R.; Jalocha, J.; Jans, E.; Jawahery, A.; Jiang, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kandybei, S.; Karacson, M.; Kariuki, J. M.; Karodia, S.; Kazeev, N.; Kecke, M.; Keizer, F.; Kelsey, M.; Kenzie, M.; Ketel, T.; Khairullin, E.; Khanji, B.; Khurewathanakul, C.; Kirn, T.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Klimkovich, T.; Koliiev, S.; Kolpin, M.; Kopecna, R.; Koppenburg, P.; Kosmyntseva, A.; Kotriakhova, S.; Kozeiha, M.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreps, M.; Kress, F.; Krokovny, P.; Krzemien, W.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kuonen, A. K.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Lefèvre, R.; Lemaitre, F.; Lemos Cid, E.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, P.-R.; Li, T.; Li, Y.; Li, Z.; Liang, X.; Likhomanenko, T.; Lindner, R.; Lionetto, F.; Lisovskyi, V.; Liu, X.; Loh, D.; Loi, A.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucio Martinez, M.; Luo, H.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Lusiani, A.; Lyu, X.; Machefert, F.; Maciuc, F.; Macko, V.; Mackowiak, P.; Maddrell-Mander, S.; Maev, O.; Maguire, K.; Maisuzenko, D.; Majewski, M. W.; Malde, S.; Malecki, B.; Malinin, A.; Maltsev, T.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Marangotto, D.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J. F.; Marconi, U.; Marin Benito, C.; Marinangeli, M.; Marino, P.; Marks, J.; Martellotti, G.; Martin, M.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Martinez Vidal, F.; Massafferri, A.; Matev, R.; Mathad, A.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mauri, A.; Maurice, E.; Maurin, B.; Mazurov, A.; McCann, M.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Mead, J. V.; Meadows, B.; Meaux, C.; Meier, F.; Meinert, N.; Melnychuk, D.; Merk, M.; Merli, A.; Michielin, E.; Milanes, D. A.; Millard, E.; Minard, M.-N.; Minzoni, L.; Mitzel, D. S.; Mogini, A.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Mombächer, T.; Monroy, I. A.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morello, M. J.; Morgunova, O.; Moron, J.; Morris, A. B.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Mulder, M.; Müller, D.; Müller, J.; Müller, K.; Müller, V.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nandi, A.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Neuner, M.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nieswand, S.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nikodem, T.; Nogay, A.; O'Hanlon, D. P.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Ogilvy, S.; Oldeman, R.; Onderwater, C. J. G.; Ossowska, A.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pais, P. R.; Palano, A.; Palutan, M.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Parker, W.; Parkes, C.; Passaleva, G.; Pastore, A.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Penso, G.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Pereima, D.; Perret, P.; Pescatore, L.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Petrov, A.; Petruzzo, M.; Picatoste Olloqui, E.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pietrzyk, G.; Pikies, M.; Pinci, D.; Pisani, F.; Pistone, A.; Piucci, A.; Placinta, V.; Playfer, S.; Plo Casasus, M.; Polci, F.; Poli Lener, M.; Poluektov, A.; Polyakov, I.; Polycarpo, E.; Pomery, G. J.; Ponce, S.; Popov, A.; Popov, D.; Poslavskii, S.; Potterat, C.; Price, E.; Prisciandaro, J.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Pullen, H.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Qin, J.; Quagliani, R.; Quintana, B.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rama, M.; Ramos Pernas, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Raniuk, I.; Ratnikov, F.; Raven, G.; Ravonel Salzgeber, M.; Reboud, M.; Redi, F.; Reichert, S.; dos Reis, A. C.; Remon Alepuz, C.; Renaudin, V.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, S.; Rihl, M.; Rinnert, K.; Robbe, P.; Robert, A.; Rodrigues, A. B.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Lopez, J. A.; Rogozhnikov, A.; Roiser, S.; Rollings, A.; Romanovskiy, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Rotondo, M.; Rudolph, M. S.; Ruf, T.; Ruiz Valls, P.; Ruiz Vidal, J.; Saborido Silva, J. J.; Sadykhov, E.; Sagidova, N.; Saitta, B.; Salustino Guimaraes, V.; Sanchez Mayordomo, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santimaria, M.; Santovetti, E.; Sarpis, G.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Saunders, D. M.; Savrina, D.; Schael, S.; Schellenberg, M.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schmelling, M.; Schmelzer, T.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schreiner, H. F.; Schubiger, M.; Schune, M. H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Semennikov, A.; Sepulveda, E. S.; Sergi, A.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Sestini, L.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shapoval, I.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, V.; Siddi, B. G.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; Simi, G.; Simone, S.; Sirendi, M.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smith, I. T.; Smith, J.; Smith, M.; Soares Lavra, l.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J. P.; Souza De Paula, B.; Spaan, B.; Spradlin, P.; Sridharan, S.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Stefko, P.; Stefkova, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stemmle, S.; Stenyakin, O.; Stepanova, M.; Stevens, H.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Stracka, S.; Stramaglia, M. E.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Sun, J.; Sun, L.; Swientek, K.; Syropoulos, V.; Szumlak, T.; Szymanski, M.; T'Jampens, S.; Tayduganov, A.; Tekampe, T.; Tellarini, G.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tilley, M. J.; Tisserand, V.; Tobin, M.; Tolk, S.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonelli, D.; Tourinho Jadallah Aoude, R.; Tournefier, E.; Traill, M.; Tran, M. T.; Tresch, M.; Trisovic, A.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tsopelas, P.; Tully, A.; Tuning, N.; Ukleja, A.; Usachov, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vacca, C.; Vagner, A.; Vagnoni, V.; Valassi, A.; Valat, S.; Valenti, G.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Vazquez Regueiro, P.; Vecchi, S.; van Veghel, M.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Venkateswaran, A.; Verlage, T. A.; Vernet, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Viana Barbosa, J. V.; Vieira, D.; Vieites Diaz, M.; Viemann, H.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vitti, M.; Volkov, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Voneki, B.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voß, C.; de Vries, J. A.; Vázquez Sierra, C.; Waldi, R.; Walsh, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Ward, D. R.; Wark, H. M.; Watson, N. K.; Websdale, D.; Weiden, A.; Weisser, C.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wilkinson, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Williams, M.; Williams, M.; Williams, T.; Wilson, F. F.; Wimberley, J.; Winn, M.; Wishahi, J.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S. A.; Wyllie, K.; Xie, Y.; Xu, M.; Xu, Q.; Xu, Z.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yin, H.; Yu, J.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zarebski, K. A.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhukov, V.; Zonneveld, J. B.; Zucchelli, S.

2018-01-01

A search is performed in the invariant mass spectrum of the B c + π+π- system for the excited B c + states B c (21 S 0)+ and B c (23 S 1)+ using a data sample of pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at the centre-of-mass energy of √{s}=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb-1. No evidence is seen for either state. Upper limits on the ratios of the production cross-sections of the B c (21 S 0)+ and B c (23 S 1)+ states times the branching fractions of B c (21 S 0)+ → B c + π+π- and B c (23 S 1)+ → B c * +π+π- over the production cross-section of the B c + state are given as a function of their masses. They are found to be between 0.02 and 0.14 at 95% confidence level for B c (21 S 0)+ and B c (23 S 1)+ in the mass ranges [6830 , 6890] MeV /c 2 and [6795 , 6890] MeV /c 2, respectively. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Joint Test Project Report of Combat Air Support Target Acquisition Program. SEEKVAL. Aided Visual Terrain Table Experiments (IB1). Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-09-01

4 r-4 C.4 C.1 C.J 0. 0 0 004 C44 C4 C4 0.- (n en e n fn m c n n I CA C1 CI 04 C4 C- i " c 4 (.,4 𔃾 C-4 Cq C4 N .41 tn G-1 2 Vc -1 K 1 N C-4 CdB w4 i...HH 40 90 3000 DD GR 3 02310 0 0 054.0 SEARS 4 1107.3 4124 4 T 0110 FW C NF LL 40 90 3000 OD GR 3 0932? 3 1 n18,? SPARS 4 1107.4 5124.4 T 0110 FW C NF...I SM -H 90 -n 90 0 GR 3 04200 3 P n05.6 SEARS 1 4124 @2 3361.3 U 0213 RW I SO LL 90 -- D00 r0 GR 3 0420n 3 0 004.1 SEARS 1 4124.3 4361.3 U 0213 Rw I St

Dollar Summary of Federal Supply Classification and Service Category by Company. Section 3: Other Services and Construction. Fiscal Year 1993. (8502 Air Quality Analyses, A J T & Associates Inc.-S205 Trash/Collection Srvcs-Incl Port S, Zeltverleih, Joh. Lenz, Germany). Part 4

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

ge %- -- -- $.-. %- fa -- .- o C~ V!E M 6P UZ OC0 to w E E 0 a ’ Cu C C Cu c c C oO c com 0 " 0 c M c (a .0 ivUC 13 0 :E< C0-6 41 U’aC - - -- VU...C - 0 . >1 x1 >4 N *,IM - (a >4CC (a0a0o 00) I >i L-.-0 *-.->tU)0 c0C e COM 0 .- *- - >1(A00 I - *>%c LL ) . UL t1e- L)--U-L0 c1- 0 3 U UX1 i...W (I04 W* ’-ൌ fZ 4 ɜ 1-0La. OZ1- << W C OW < X: " U W ccrU ccO.. -. 4 k Z (0ZZ 0 Ui Z1- Z4I (0.ri X4 XW 0a X--- WZx xnxx 0n CLLLLL M L gn WW

Combined total deficiency of C7 and C4B with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

PubMed Central

Segurado, O G; Arnaiz-Villena, A A; Iglesias-Casarrubios, P; Martinez-Laso, J; Vicario, J L; Fontan, G; Lopez-Trascasa, M

1992-01-01

The first inherited combined total deficiency of C7 and C4B complement components associated with SLE is described in a young female. Functional C7 assays showed a homozygous C7 deficiency in the propositus and her sister, and an heterozygous one in their parents. C4 molecular analyses showed that both the propositus and her mother had two HLA haplotypes carrying only C4A-specific DNA sequences and a normal C4 gene number. Thus, only C4A proteins could be expressed, with resultant normal C4 serum levels. The coexistence of a combined complete C7 and C4B deficiency may therefore abrogate essential functions of the complement cascade presumably related to immune complex handling and solubilization despite an excess of circulating C4A. These findings challenge the putative pathophysiological roles of C4A and C4B and stress the need to perform both functional assays and C4 allotyping in patients with autoimmune pathology and low haemolytic activity without low serum levels of a classical pathway complement component. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:1347491

Controlling the optical properties of monocrystalline 3C-SiC heteroepitaxially grown on silicon at low temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colston, Gerard; Myronov, Maksym

2017-11-01

Cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) offers an alternative wide bandgap semiconductor to conventional materials such as hexagonal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN) for the detection of UV light and can offer a closely lattice matched virtual substrate for subsequent GaN heteroepitaxy. As 3C-SiC can be heteroepitaxially grown on silicon (Si) substrates its optical properties can be manipulated by controlling the thickness and doping concentrations. The optical properties of 3C-SiC epilayers have been characterized by measuring the transmission of light through suspended membranes. Decreasing the thickness of the 3C-SiC epilayers is shown to shift the absorbance edge to lower wavelengths, a result of the indirect bandgap nature of silicon carbide. This property, among others, can be exploited to fabricate very low-cost, tuneable 3C-SiC based UV photodetectors. This study investigates the effect of thickness and doping concentration on the optical properties of 3C-SiC epilayers grown at low temperatures by a standard Si based growth process. The results demonstrate the potential photonic applications of 3C-SiC and its heterogeneous integration into the Si industry.

A Study of Adaptive Image Compression Techniques.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

1 3101 171 11 3 2 3 3751 3 053 - 17 314 3464 38 31124 3 440 3300 N. - 4 N.5 .V6 it 2018 3i13 1 00 1857 .743 13170 9 2 .531) 2232 2 I 2 14 79 2 236 1...CONTAINS THE OPTIMAL ALICCATION TO EACH C BLOCK C C ROUTINES CALLED C C RESALL RESOURCE ALLOCATION (USER BOUTINE ) C C C C SUBROUTINE OBITAL ( INDAT

40 CFR Table 9 to Part 455 - Group 2 Mixtures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... any source). 025004 Coal tar creosote. 031801 Ammonium salts of C8-18 and C18′ fatty acids. 055601... red oil. 079021 Potassium salts of fatty acids. 079029 Fatty alcohols (52-61% C10, 39-46% C8, 0-3% C6, 0-3% C12). 079034 Methyl esters of fatty acids (100% C8-C12) 079059 Fatty alcohols (54.5% C10, 45.1...

Development of a Distributed Breach for the Conical Shock Tube.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Ti - «<M’»<Mosm —vocvicocviosm —VO(VI cr»—vo •*— ro cvi ro • * m m is. vo N OO CO OS <c<c<c<c<r<c<coc<c<E<c«<c<c<coc<coi hht-HHI-1-Khhhl- hHhhHh

Linear Chebyshev Complex Function Approximation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-26

CONTINUE C C C LEVEL I C C LEVaI KwC 30 KUKeI C C THE NEXT VARIABLE IS NOT USED, BUT IS IN THE PUBLISHED CODE. KPIuKi1 C NPI MK=NP 1-K MODE2 0 DO 40 J=K,M...WEAPONS CENTER, Silver Spring, Code 432-4 (Egbert H. Jackson)I DWTNSRDC ANNAI DWTNSRDC CARDI NRL, Code 5330 (Dr. Robert J. Adams ), 5209 (Russell M. Brown

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of... Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Concentration Ranges...

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of... Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Concentration Ranges...

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of... Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Concentration Ranges...

40 CFR Table C-1 to Subpart C of... - Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test Concentration Ranges, Number of Measurements Required, and Maximum Discrepancy Specifications C Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of... Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-1 Table C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Test Concentration Ranges...

23 CFR Appendix C to Subpart A of... - Policy for the Signing and Numbering of Future Interstate Corridors Designated by Section 332 of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

....C. 103(c)(4)(B) C Appendix C to Subpart A of Part 470 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION.... A, App. C Appendix C to Subpart A of Part 470—Policy for the Signing and Numbering of Future....C. 103(c)(4)(B) Policy State transportation agencies are permitted to erect informational Interstate...

Nano-SiC region formation in (100) Si-on-insulator substrate: Optimization of hot-C+-ion implantation process to improve photoluminescence intensity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizuno, Tomohisa; Omata, Yuhsuke; Kanazawa, Rikito; Iguchi, Yusuke; Nakada, Shinji; Aoki, Takashi; Sasaki, Tomokazu

2018-04-01

We experimentally studied the optimization of the hot-C+-ion implantation process for forming nano-SiC (silicon carbide) regions in a (100) Si-on-insulator substrate at various hot-C+-ion implantation temperatures and C+ ion doses to improve photoluminescence (PL) intensity for future Si-based photonic devices. We successfully optimized the process by hot-C+-ion implantation at a temperature of about 700 °C and a C+ ion dose of approximately 4 × 1016 cm-2 to realize a high intensity of PL emitted from an approximately 1.5-nm-thick C atom segregation layer near the surface-oxide/Si interface. Moreover, atom probe tomography showed that implanted C atoms cluster in the Si layer and near the oxide/Si interface; thus, the C content locally condenses even in the C atom segregation layer, which leads to SiC formation. Corrector-spherical aberration transmission electron microscopy also showed that both 4H-SiC and 3C-SiC nanoareas near both the surface-oxide/Si and buried-oxide/Si interfaces partially grow into the oxide layer, and the observed PL photons are mainly emitted from the surface SiC nano areas.

Milk production and nutrient partitioning as measured by (13)C enrichment of milk components during C3 and C4 plant feeding in purebred Holstein and in Charolais × Holstein F2 crossbred cows.

PubMed

Hillal, Hany; Voigt, Jürgen; Metges, Cornelia C; Hammon, Harald M

2015-01-01

Nutrient partitioning was investigated in cows with different genetic merits for milk production by measuring (13)C/(12)C ratios (reported by delta values δ(13)C) in milk components in response to C3 (grass silage) and C4 diets (corn silage). We hypothesised that changes of δ(13)C in milk differ between Holstein (HOL; high milk production) and Charolais × Holstein cows with medium (CHM) and low (CHL) milk production. Changes of δ(13)C (Δδ(13)C) in milk components were estimated by calculating differences of δ(13)C due to switch from C3 to C4 feeding. After switch to C4 feeding, Δδ(13)C of lactose was greater in HOL than in CHL. Immediate Δδ(13)C of milk fat was the lowest in CHL. The maximal Δδ(13)C of casein was the lowest in HOL. The proportion of carbon in milk derived from diet increased with milk yield, indicating the main impact of the milk production level, but minor impact of breed, on nutrient partitioning towards the mammary gland.

Characterization of the c-type lysozyme gene family in Anopheles gambiae.

PubMed

Li, Bin; Calvo, Eric; Marinotti, Osvaldo; James, Anthony A; Paskewitz, Susan M

2005-11-07

Seven new c-type lysozyme genes were found using the Anopheles gambiae genome sequence, increasing to eight the total number of genes in this family identified in this species. The eight lysozymes in An. gambiae have considerable variation in gene structure and expression patterns. Lys c-6 has the most unusual primary amino acid structure as the predicted protein consists of five lysozyme-like domains. Transcript abundance of each c-type lysozyme was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Lys c-1, c-6 and c-7 are expressed constitutively in all developmental stages from egg to adult. Lys c-2 and c-4 also are found in all stages, but with relatively much higher levels in adults. Conversely, Lys c-3 and c-8 transcripts are highest in larvae. Lys c-1, c-6 and c-7 transcripts are found in nearly all the adult tissue samples examined while Lys c-2 and Lys c-4 are more restricted in their expression. Lys c-1 and c-2 transcripts are clearly immune responsive and are increased significantly 6-12 h post challenge with bacteria. The functional adaptive changes that may have evolved during the expansion of this gene family are briefly discussed in terms of the expression patterns, gene and protein structures.

Sc2C2@D3h(14246)-C74: A Missing Piece of the Clusterfullerene Puzzle.

PubMed

Wang, Yaofeng; Tang, Qiangqiang; Feng, Lai; Chen, Ning

2017-02-20

Clusterfullerenes with variable carbon cages have been extensively studied in recent years. However, despite all these efforts, C 74 cage-based clusterfullerene remains a missing piece of the puzzle. Herein, we show that single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously assigns the previously reported dimetallofullerene Sc 2 @C 76 to a novel carbide clusterfullerene, Sc 2 C 2 @D 3h (14246)-C 74 , the first experimentally proven clusterfullerene with a C 74 cage. In addition, Sc 2 C 2 @D 3h (14246)-C 74 was charaterized by mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared absorption spectroscopy, 45 Sc nuclear magnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetry. Comparative studies of the motion of the carbide cluster in Sc 2 C 2 @D 3h (14246)-C 74 and Sc 2 C 2 @C 2n (n = 40-44) revealed that a combination of factors, involving both the shape and size of the cage, is crucial in dictating the cluster motion. Moreover, structural studies of D 3h (14246)-C 74 revealed that it can be easily converted to C s (10528)-C 72 and T d (19151)-C 76 cages via C 2 desertion/insertion and Stone-Wales transformation. This suggests that D 3h (14246)-C 74 might play an important role in the growth pathway of clusterfullerenes.

C/EBPα Expression is Partially Regulated by C/EBPβ in Response to DNA Damage and C/EBPα Deficient Fibroblasts Display an Impaired G1 Checkpoint

PubMed Central

Ranjan, Rakesh; Thompson, Elizabeth A.; Yoon, Kyungsil; Smart, Robert C.

2009-01-01

We observed that C/EBPα is highly inducible in primary fibroblasts by DNA damaging agents that induce strand breaks, alkylate and crosslink DNA as well as those that produce bulky DNA lesions. Fibroblasts deficient in C/EBPα (C/EBPα-/-) display an impaired G1 checkpoint as evidenced by inappropriate entry into S-phase in response to DNA damage and these cells also display an enhanced G1 to S transition in response to mitogens. The induction of C/EBPα by DNA damage in fibroblasts does not require p53. EMSA analysis of nuclear extracts prepared from UVB- and MNNG-treated fibroblasts revealed increased binding of C/EBPβ to a C/EBP consensus sequence and ChIP analysis revealed increased C/EBPβ binding to the C/EBPα promoter. To determine whether C/EBPβ has a role in the regulation of C/EBPα we treated C/EBPβ-/- fibroblasts with UVB or MNNG. We observed C/EBPα induction was impaired in both UVB- and MNNG- treated C/EBPβ-/- fibroblasts. Our study reveals a novel role for C/EBPβ in the regulation of C/EBPα in response to DNA damage and provides definitive genetic evidence that C/EBPα has a critical role in the DNA damage G1 checkpoint. PMID:19581927

Identification and characterization of miRNAs in two closely related C4 and C3 species of Cleome by high-throughput sequencing

PubMed Central

Gao, Shuangcheng; Zhao, Wei; Li, Xiang; You, Qingbo; Shen, Xinjie; Guo, Wei; Wang, Shihua; Shi, Guoan; Liu, Zheng; Jiao, Yongqing

2017-01-01

Cleome gynandra and Cleome hassleriana, which are C4 and C3 plants, respectively, are two species of Cleome. The close genetic relationship between C. gynandra and C. hassleriana provides advantages for discovering the differences in leaf development and physiological processes between C3 and C4 plants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of important regulators of various biological processes. In this study, we investigate the differences in the characteristics of miRNAs between C. gynandra and C. hassleriana using high-throughput sequencing technology. In total, 94 and 102 known miRNAs were identified in C. gynandra and C. hassleriana, respectively, of which 3 were specific for C. gynandra and 10 were specific for C. hassleriana. Ninety-one common miRNAs were identified in both species. In addition, 4 novel miRNAs were detected, including three in C. gynandra and three in C. hassleriana. Of these miRNAs, 67 were significantly differentially expressed between these two species and were involved in extensive biological processes, such as glycol-metabolism and photosynthesis. Our study not only provided resources for C. gynandra and C. hassleriana research but also provided useful clues for the understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the alterations of biological processes in leaf tissues during the evolution of the C4 pathway. PMID:28422166

Structural basis for the stabilization of the complement alternative pathway C3 convertase by properdin

PubMed Central

Alcorlo, Martín; Tortajada, Agustín; Rodríguez de Córdoba, Santiago; Llorca, Oscar

2013-01-01

Complement is an essential component of innate immunity. Its activation results in the assembly of unstable protease complexes, denominated C3/C5 convertases, leading to inflammation and lysis. Regulatory proteins inactivate C3/C5 convertases on host surfaces to avoid collateral tissue damage. On pathogen surfaces, properdin stabilizes C3/C5 convertases to efficiently fight infection. How properdin performs this function is, however, unclear. Using electron microscopy we show that the N- and C-terminal ends of adjacent monomers in properdin oligomers conform a curly vertex that holds together the AP convertase, interacting with both the C345C and vWA domains of C3b and Bb, respectively. Properdin also promotes a large displacement of the TED (thioester-containing domain) and CUB (complement protein subcomponents C1r/C1s, urchin embryonic growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein 1) domains of C3b, which likely impairs C3-convertase inactivation by regulatory proteins. The combined effect of molecular cross-linking and structural reorganization increases stability of the C3 convertase and facilitates recruitment of fluid-phase C3 convertase to the cell surfaces. Our model explains how properdin mediates the assembly of stabilized C3/C5-convertase clusters, which helps to localize complement amplification to pathogen surfaces. PMID:23901101

Coupling Mo2C@C core-shell nanocrystals on 3D graphene hybrid aerogel for high-performance lithium ion battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xin, Hailin; Hai, Yang; Li, Dongzhi; Qiu, Zhaozheng; Lin, Yemao; Yang, Bo; Fan, Haosen; Zhu, Caizhen

2018-05-01

Hybrid aerogel by dispersing Mo2C@C core-shell nanocrystals into three-dimensional (3D) graphene (Mo2C@C-GA) has been successfully prepared through two-step methods. Firstly, carbon-coated MoO2 nanocrystals uniformly anchor on 3D graphene aerogel (MoO2@C-GA) via hydrothermal reaction. Then the MoO2@C-GA precursor is transformed into Mo2C@C-GA after the following carbonization process. Furthermore, the freeze-drying step plays an important role in the resulting pore size distribution of the porous networks. Moreover, graphene aerogels exhibit extremely low densities and superior electrical properties. When evaluated as anode material for lithium ion battery, Mo2C@C-GA delivers excellent rate capability and stable cycle performance when compared with C-GA and Mo2C nanoparticles. Mo2C@C-GA exhibits the initial discharge capacity of 1461.4 mA h g-1 at the current density of 0.1 A g-1, and retains a reversible capacity of 1089.8 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g-1. Even at high current density of 5 A g-1, a discharge capacity of 623.5 mA h g-1 can be still achieved. The excellent performance of Mo2C@C-GA could be attributed to the synergistic effect of Mo2C@C nanocrystals and the 3D graphene conductive network.

Comparison of Ion Chemistries in Octafluoro-2-butene (2-C4F8) and in Octfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiao, Charles; Dejoseph, Charles; Garscadden, Alan

2007-10-01

2-C4F8 is one of the promising candidates to replace c-C4F8 that has been widely used for dielectric etching but is not environmentally friendly. In this study we have investigated electron impact ionization and ion-molecule reactions of 2-C4F8 using Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS), and compared the results with those of c-C4F8 we have studied previously. Electron impact ionization of 2-C4F8 produces 15 ionic species including C4F7,8^+, C3F3,5,6^+, C2F4^+ and CF1-3^+ as the major ions. The total ionization cross section of 2-C4F8 reaches a maximum of 1.8x10-15 cm^2 at 90 eV. The ionization is dominated by the channel forming the parent ion C4F8^+ from 12 to 18 eV, and by the channel forming C3F5^+ from 18 to 70 eV. After 70 eV, CF3^+ becomes the dominant product ion. Among the major ions generated from the electron impact ionization of 2-C4F8, only CF^+, CF2^+ and CF3^+ are found to react with 2-C4F8, via F^- abstraction or charge transfer mechanism. The charge transfer reaction of Ar^++2-C4F8 produces primarily C4F7^+.

On the Miocene Cyprideis species flock (Ostracoda; Crustacea) of Western Amazonia (Solimões Formation): Refining taxonomy on species level

PubMed Central

Gross, Martin; Ramos, Maria Ines F.; Piller, Werner E.

2016-01-01

The Miocene mega-wetland of western Amazonia holds a diverse, largely endemic ostracod fauna. Among them, especially the genus Cyprideis experienced a remarkable radiation. Micropalaeontologic investigations of a 400 m long sediment core (~62 km SW Benjamin Constant, Amazonia, Brazil) permitted a taxonomic revision of about two-thirds of hitherto described Cyprideis species. We evaluate the diagnostic value of shell characters and provide an extensive illustration of the intraspecific variability of species. Based on comparative morphology, the 20 recorded Cyprideis species are arranged in groups and subgroups. The “smooth” group comprises C. amazonica, C. kotzianae, C. kroemmelbeini, C. machadoi, C. multiradiata, C. olivencai, C. paralela and C. simplex; the “ornate” group C. curucae nom. nov., C. cyrtoma, C. aff. graciosa, C. inversa, C. ituiae n. sp., C. matorae n. sp., C. minipunctata, C. munoztorresi nom. nov., C. pebasae, C. reticulopunctata, C. schedogymnos and C. sulcosigmoidalis. Five species have been revalidated, two renamed, two synonymised and two are new descriptions. Along with 10 further formally established species, for which a review is pending, Cyprideis keeps at least 30 endemic species in that region during Miocene times. Up to 12 Cyprideis species have been found to occur sympatrically, representing >90 % of the entire ostracod fauna. Ostracod index species enable a biostratigraphic allocation of the well succession to the Cyprideis minipunctata to Cyprideis cyrtoma biozones, corresponding to a late Middle to early Late Miocene age (late Serravallian–early Tortonian). PMID:25543674

Characterization of a chromosomal toxin-antitoxin, Rv1102c-Rv1103c system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PubMed

Han, Jeong-Sun; Lee, Jae Jin; Anandan, Tripti; Zeng, Minghui; Sripathi, Srinivas; Jahng, Wan Jin; Lee, Sang Hee; Suh, Joo-Won; Kang, Choong-Min

2010-09-24

Toxin-antitoxin systems, ubiquitous in prokaryotic genomes, have been proposed to play an important role in several stress responses. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains more than 80 putative TA loci, the roles they play in this pathogen are yet to be studied. Here, we characterize a chromosomal Rv1102c-Rv1103c TA system in M. tuberculosis. We found that the Rv1102c toxin interacts with the Rv1103c antitoxin in a pull-down assay and the yeast two-hybrid system. Rv1102c cleaved the era mRNA in Escherichia coli, and cleavage was inhibited by co-expression of Rv1103c. Heterologous expression of Rv1102c led to growth arrest in E. coli, which was fully recovered only when Rv1103c was co-expressed in cis with Rv1102c, suggesting that the production and assembly of Rv1102c and Rv1103c are tightly linked. Our additional results indicate that translational coupling of the Rv1102c and Rv1103c genes is important for Rv1102c-Rv1103c binding. Finally, we discovered that the expression of Rv1102c induced growth arrest and increased the level of persister cells in Mycobacterium smegmatis. These results suggest that the Rv1102c-Rv1103c TA system could play a role in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis via generating bacilli that survive in the face of multidrug therapy. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

On the Miocene Cyprideis species flock (Ostracoda; Crustacea) of Western Amazonia (Solimões Formation): Refining taxonomy on species level.

PubMed

Gross, Martin; Ramos, Maria Ines F; Piller, Werner E

2014-12-18

The Miocene mega-wetland of western Amazonia holds a diverse, largely endemic ostracod fauna. Among them, especially the genus Cyprideis experienced a remarkable radiation. Micropalaeontologic investigations of a 400 m long sediment core (~62 km SW Benjamin Constant, Amazonia, Brazil) permitted a taxonomic revision of about two-thirds of hitherto described Cyprideis species. We evaluate the diagnostic value of shell characters and provide an extensive illustration of the intraspecific variability of species. Based on comparative morphology, the 20 recorded Cyprideis species are arranged in groups and subgroups. The "smooth" group comprises C. amazonica, C. kotzianae, C. kroemmelbeini, C. machadoi, C. multiradiata, C. olivencai, C. paralela and C. simplex; the "ornate" group C. curucae nom. nov., C. cyrtoma, C. aff. graciosa, C. inversa, C. ituiae n. sp., C. matorae n. sp., C. minipunctata, C. munoztorresi nom. nov., C. pebasae, C. reticulopunctata, C. schedogymnos and C. sulcosigmoidalis. Five species have been revalidated, two renamed, two synonymised and two are new descriptions. Along with 10 further formally established species, for which a review is pending, Cyprideis keeps at least 30 endemic species in that region during Miocene times. Up to 12 Cyprideis species have been found to occur sympatrically, representing >90% of the entire ostracod fauna. Ostracod index species enable a biostratigraphic allocation of the well succession to the Cyprideis minipunctata to Cyprideis cyrtoma biozones, corresponding to a late Middle to early Late Miocene age (late Serravallian-early Tortonian).

CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism contributes to oral cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Niu, Yuming; Hu, Yuanyuan; Wu, Mingyue; Jiang, Fei; Shen, Ming; Tang, Chunbo; Chen, Ning

2012-01-01

Previous data on association between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism and oral cancer risk were controversial. To investigate the association between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism and oral cancer risk. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between oral cancer and genotype with English language until June 2010. Twelve published case-control studies of 1259 patients with oral cancer and 2262 controls were acquired. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association in codominant and dominant models. Overall, the pooled ORs indicated a significant association between CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I polymorphism and oral cancer risk (for c1/c2 vs. c1/c1: OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.04-1.62, Pheterogeneity=0.57; for (c1/c2+c2/c2) vs. c1/c1: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.07-1.64, Pheterogeneity=0.57, respectively). In subgroup analysis by race, the same significant risks were found among Asian (for c1/c2 vs. c1/c1: OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.05-1.91, Pheterogeneity=0.92; for (c1/c2+c2/c2) vs. c1/c1: OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.08-1.88, Pheterogeneity=0.97, respectively). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that CYP2E1 Rsa I/Pst I c2 allele may be a biomarker for oral cancer, especially among Asian populations.

Ti2Al(C, N) Solid Solution Reinforcing TiAl-Based Composites: Evolution of a Core-Shell Structure, Interfaces, and Mechanical Properties.

PubMed

Song, Xiaojie; Cui, Hongzhi; Han, Ye; Ding, Lei; Song, Qiang

2018-05-16

In this work, Ti 2 Al(C, N) solid solution with lamellar structure-enhanced TiAl matrix composites was synthesized by vacuum arc melting, using bulk g-C 3 N 4 , Ti, and Al powders as raw materials. The phases, microstructures, interfaces, and mechanical properties were investigated. MAX phase of Ti 2 Al(C, N) solid solution with lamellar structure was formed. During the melting process, first, C 3 N 4 reacted with Ti to form Ti(C, N) by Ti + C 3 N 4 → Ti(C, N). Then Ti 2 Al(C, N) was formed by a peritectic reaction of TiAl(l) + Ti(C, N)(s) → Ti 2 Al(C, N). C 3 N 4 is the single reactant that provides C and N simultaneously to final product of Ti 2 Al(C, N). The interfaces of TiAl//Ti 2 Al(C, N) and Ti 2 Al(C, N)//Ti(C, N) display perfect orientation relationships with low misfit values. The microhardness, compressive strength, and strain of best-performing TiAl-10 mol % Ti 2 Al(C, N) composite were improved by 45%, 55.7%, and 50% compared with the TiAl alloy, respectively. Uniformly distributed Ti 2 Al(C, N) and unreacted Ti(C, N) particles contributed to the grain refinement and reinforcement of the TiAl matrix. Laminated tearing, particle pull-out, and the crack-arresting of Ti 2 Al(C, N) are crucial for the improvement in compressive strength and plasticity of the composites.

Internal Friction of Austenitic Fe-Mn-C-Al Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Young-Kook; Jeong, Sohee; Kang, Jee-Hyun; Lee, Sang-Min

2017-12-01

The internal friction (IF) spectra of Fe-Mn-C-Al alloys with a face-centered-cubic (fcc) austenitic phase were measured at a wide range of temperature and frequency ( f) to understand the mechanisms of anelastic relaxations occurring particularly in Fe-Mn-C twinning-induced plasticity steels. Four IF peaks were observed at 346 K (73 °C) (P1), 389 K (116 °C) (P2), 511 K (238 °C) (P3), and 634 K (361 °C) (P4) when f was 0.1 Hz. However, when f increased to 100 Hz, whereas P1, P2, and P4 disappeared, only P3 remained without the change in peak height, but with the increased peak temperature. P3 matches well with the IF peak of Fe-high Mn-C alloys reported in the literature. The effects of chemical composition and vacancy (v) on the four IF peaks were also investigated using various alloys with different concentrations of C, Mn, Al, and vacancy. As a result, the defect pair responsible for each IF peak was found as follows: a v-v pair for P1, a C-v pair for P2, a C-C pair for P3, and a C-C-v complex (major effect) + a Mn-C pair (minor effect) for P4. These results showed that the IF peaks of Fe-Mn-C-Al alloys reported previously were caused by the reorientation of C in C-C pairs, not by the reorientation of C in Mn-C pairs.

Association of cardiac myosin binding protein-C with the ryanodine receptor channel: putative retrograde regulation?

PubMed

Stanczyk, Paulina J; Seidel, Monika; White, Judith; Viero, Cedric; George, Christopher H; Zissimopoulos, Spyros; Lai, F Anthony

2018-06-21

The cardiac muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca 2+ release channel (RyR2) constitutes the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ efflux mechanism that initiates myocyte contraction, while cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) mediates regulation of acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling. In this report, we provide the first evidence for the presence of direct interaction between these two proteins, forming a RyR2:cMyBP-C complex. The C-terminus of cMyBP-C binds with the RyR2 N-terminus in mammalian cells and is not mediated by a fibronectin-like domain. Notably, we detected complex formation between both recombinant cMyBP-C and RyR2, as well as with the native proteins in cardiac tissue. Cellular Ca 2+ dynamics in HEK293 cells is altered upon co-expression of cMyBP-C and RyR2, with lowered frequency of RyR2-mediated spontaneous Ca 2+ oscillations, suggesting cMyBP-C exerts a potential inhibitory effect on RyR2-dependent Ca 2+ release. Discovery of a functional RyR2 association with cMyBP-C provides direct evidence for a putative mechanistic link between cytosolic soluble cMyBP-C and SR-mediated Ca 2+ release, via RyR2. Importantly, this interaction may have clinical relevance to the observed cMyBP-C and RyR2 dysfunction in cardiac pathologies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Low black carbon concentration in agricultural soils of central and northern Ethiopia.

PubMed

Yli-Halla, Markku; Rimhanen, Karoliina; Muurinen, Johanna; Kaseva, Janne; Kahiluoto, Helena

2018-08-01

Soil carbon (C) represents the largest terrestrial carbon stock and is key for soil productivity. Major fractions of soil C consist of organic C, carbonates and black C. The turnover rate of black C is lower than that of organic C, and black C abundance decreases the vulnerablility of soil C stock to decomposition under climate change. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of soil C in different pools and impact of agricultural management on the abundance of different species. Soil C fractions were quantified in the topsoils (0-15cm) of 23 sites in the tropical highlands of Ethiopia. The sites in central Ethiopia represented paired plots of agroforestry and adjacent control plots where cereal crops were traditionally grown in clayey soils. In the sandy loam and loam soils of northern Ethiopia, the pairs represented restrained grazing with adjacent control plots with free grazing, and terracing with cereal-based cropping with adjacent control plots without terracing. Soil C contained in carbonates, organic matter and black C along with total C was determined. The total C median was 1.5% (range 0.3-3.6%). The median proportion of organic C was 85% (range 53-94%), 6% (0-41%) for carbonate C and 6% (4-21%) for black C. An increase was observed in the organic C and black C fractions attributable to agroforestry and restrained grazing. The very low concentration of the relatively stable black C fraction and the dominance of organic C in these Ethiopian soils suggest vulnerability to degradation and the necessity for cultivation practices maintaining the C stock. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Distribution of C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-unit-containing mycolic acid homologues in mycobacteria.

PubMed

Kaneda, K; Imaizumi, S; Yano, I

1995-01-01

There are three mycolic acid homologues with C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-units in Mycobacterium. In order to reveal the composition and distribution of these homologues in each subclass and molecular species of mycolic acids and to compare them with the composition of constitutive non-polar fatty acids (free and bound forms), we have separated non-polar fatty acids and each subclass of mycolic acids from 21 mycobacterial species by thin-layer chromatography, and analyzed non-polar fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography (GC) and the cleavage products of methyl mycolate by pyrolysis GC. We further performed mass chromatographic analysis of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives of mycolic acid methyl esters by monitoring [B-29]+ ions (loss of CHO from the alpha-branched-chain structure of mycolic acids) of m/z 426, 454 and 482 which are attributed to C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-units of TMS ether derivatives of methyl mycolates, respectively, (Kaneda, K. et al, J. Clin. Microbiol. 24: 1060-1070, 1986). By pyrolysis GC, C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acid methyl esters generated by the C2-C3 cleavage of C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-unit-containing mycolic acid methyl esters, respectively, were detected. Their proportion was almost the same among subclasses of mycolic acids in every Mycobacterium and also similar to the proportion of constitutive non-polar C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acids. By mass chromatography, the composition and distribution of C22- and C24-alpha-unit-containing homologues were revealed to be similar between alpha- and alpha'-mycolic acids in every Mycobacterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Plasma Metabolomics Reveal Alterations of Sphingo- and Glycerophospholipid Levels in Non-Diabetic Carriers of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Polymorphism rs7903146

PubMed Central

Kirchhofer, Anna; Grallert, Harald; Krug, Susanne; Kastenmüller, Gabi; Römisch-Margl, Werner; Claussnitzer, Melina; Illig, Thomas; Heier, Margit; Meisinger, Christa; Adamski, Jerzy; Thorand, Barbara; Huth, Cornelia; Peters, Annette; Prehn, Cornelia; Heukamp, Ina; Laumen, Helmut; Lechner, Andreas; Hauner, Hans; Seissler, Jochen

2013-01-01

Aims/Hypothesis Polymorphisms in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene have been shown to display a powerful association with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate metabolic alterations in carriers of a common TCF7L2 risk variant. Methods Seventeen non-diabetic subjects carrying the T risk allele at the rs7903146 TCF7L2 locus and 24 subjects carrying no risk allele were submitted to intravenous glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of 163 metabolites through targeted mass spectrometry. Results TCF7L2 risk allele carriers had a reduced first-phase insulin response and normal insulin sensitivity. Under fasting conditions, carriers of TCF7L2 rs7903146 exhibited a non-significant increase of plasma sphingomyelins (SMs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) species. A significant genotype effect was detected in response to challenge tests in 6 SMs (C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C24:0, C24:1), 5 hydroxy-SMs (C14:1, C16:1, C22:1, C22:2, C24:1), 4 lysoPCs (C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0), 3 diacyl-PCs (C28:1, C36:6, C40:4) and 4 long-chain acyl-alkyl-PCs (C40:2, C40:5, C44:5, C44:6). Discussion Plasma metabolomic profiling identified alterations of phospholipid metabolism in response to challenge tests in subjects with TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype. This may reflect a genotype-mediated link to early metabolic abnormalities prior to the development of disturbed glucose tolerance. PMID:24205231

Plasma metabolomics reveal alterations of sphingo- and glycerophospholipid levels in non-diabetic carriers of the transcription factor 7-like 2 polymorphism rs7903146.

PubMed

Then, Cornelia; Wahl, Simone; Kirchhofer, Anna; Grallert, Harald; Krug, Susanne; Kastenmüller, Gabi; Römisch-Margl, Werner; Claussnitzer, Melina; Illig, Thomas; Heier, Margit; Meisinger, Christa; Adamski, Jerzy; Thorand, Barbara; Huth, Cornelia; Peters, Annette; Prehn, Cornelia; Heukamp, Ina; Laumen, Helmut; Lechner, Andreas; Hauner, Hans; Seissler, Jochen

2013-01-01

Polymorphisms in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene have been shown to display a powerful association with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate metabolic alterations in carriers of a common TCF7L2 risk variant. Seventeen non-diabetic subjects carrying the T risk allele at the rs7903146 TCF7L2 locus and 24 subjects carrying no risk allele were submitted to intravenous glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of 163 metabolites through targeted mass spectrometry. TCF7L2 risk allele carriers had a reduced first-phase insulin response and normal insulin sensitivity. Under fasting conditions, carriers of TCF7L2 rs7903146 exhibited a non-significant increase of plasma sphingomyelins (SMs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) species. A significant genotype effect was detected in response to challenge tests in 6 SMs (C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C24:0, C24:1), 5 hydroxy-SMs (C14:1, C16:1, C22:1, C22:2, C24:1), 4 lysoPCs (C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0), 3 diacyl-PCs (C28:1, C36:6, C40:4) and 4 long-chain acyl-alkyl-PCs (C40:2, C40:5, C44:5, C44:6). Plasma metabolomic profiling identified alterations of phospholipid metabolism in response to challenge tests in subjects with TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype. This may reflect a genotype-mediated link to early metabolic abnormalities prior to the development of disturbed glucose tolerance.

Acetylene and Ethylene Adsorption on a β-Mo 2C(100) Surface: A Periodic DFT Study on the Role of C- and Mo-Terminations for Bonding and Hydrogenation Reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jimenez-Orozco, Carlos; Florez, Elizabeth; Moreno, Andres

Mo 2C catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation reactions; however, the role of the C and Mo terminations in these catalysts is not clear. Understanding the binding of adsorbates is key for explaining the activity of Mo 2C. The adsorption of acetylene and ethylene, probe molecules representing alkynes and olefins, respectively, was studied in this paper on a β-Mo 2C(100) surface with C and Mo terminations using calculations based on periodic density functional theory. Moreover, the role of the C/Mo molar ratio was investigated to compare the catalytic potential of cubic (δ-MoC) and orthorhombic (β-Mo 2C) surfaces. The geometry andmore » electronic properties of the clean δ-MoC(001) and β-Mo 2C(100) surfaces have a strong influence on the binding of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The adsorption of ethylene is weaker than that of acetylene on the surfaces of the cubic and orthorhombic systems; adsorption of the hydrocarbons was stronger on β-Mo 2C(100) than on δ-MoC(001). The C termination in β-Mo 2C(100) actively participates in both acetylene and ethylene adsorption and is not merely a spectator. Finally, the results of this work suggest that the β-Mo 2C(100)-C surface could be the one responsible for the catalytic activity during the hydrogenation of unsaturated C≡C and C=C bonds, while the Mo-terminated surface could be poisoned or transformed by the strong adsorption of C and CH x fragments.« less

Evolution of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Protein Kinase Family in C3 and C4 Flaveria spp.1[W][OPEN

PubMed Central

Aldous, Sophia H.; Weise, Sean E.; Sharkey, Thomas D.; Waldera-Lupa, Daniel M.; Stühler, Kai; Mallmann, Julia; Groth, Georg; Gowik, Udo; Westhoff, Peter; Arsova, Borjana

2014-01-01

The key enzyme for C4 photosynthesis, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC), evolved from nonphotosynthetic PEPC found in C3 ancestors. In all plants, PEPC is phosphorylated by Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Protein Kinase (PPCK). However, differences in the phosphorylation pattern exist among plants with these photosynthetic types, and it is still not clear if they are due to interspecies differences or depend on photosynthetic type. The genus Flaveria contains closely related C3, C3-C4 intermediate, and C4 species, which are evolutionarily young and thus well suited for comparative analysis. To characterize the evolutionary differences in PPCK between plants with C3 and C4 photosynthesis, transcriptome libraries from nine Flaveria spp. were used, and a two-member PPCK family (PPCKA and PPCKB) was identified. Sequence analysis identified a number of C3- and C4-specific residues with various occurrences in the intermediates. Quantitative analysis of transcriptome data revealed that PPCKA and PPCKB exhibit inverse diel expression patterns and that C3 and C4 Flaveria spp. differ in the expression levels of these genes. PPCKA has maximal expression levels during the day, whereas PPCKB has maximal expression during the night. Phosphorylation patterns of PEPC varied among C3 and C4 Flaveria spp. too, with PEPC from the C4 species being predominantly phosphorylated throughout the day, while in the C3 species the phosphorylation level was maintained during the entire 24 h. Since C4 Flaveria spp. evolved from C3 ancestors, this work links the evolutionary changes in sequence, PPCK expression, and phosphorylation pattern to an evolutionary phase shift of kinase activity from a C3 to a C4 mode. PMID:24850859

Pyrogenic carbon from tropical savanna burning: production and stable isotope composition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saiz, G.; Wynn, J. G.; Wurster, C. M.; Goodrick, I.; Nelson, P. N.; Bird, M. I.

2014-10-01

Widespread burning of mixed tree-grass ecosystems represents the major natural locus of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) production. PyC is a significant, pervasive, and yet poorly understood "slow-cycling" form of carbon present in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, soils and sediments. We conducted sixteen experimental burns on a rainfall transect in northern Australian savannas with C4 grasses ranging from 35 to 99% of total biomass. Residues from each fire were partitioned into PyC and further into recalcitrant (HyPyC) components, with each of these also partitioned into proximal (> 125 μm) and distal (< 125 μm) fluxes. The median [range] PyC production across all burns was 16.0 [11.5]% of total carbon exposed (TCE), with HyPyC accounting for 2.5 [4.9]% of TCE. Both PyC and HyPyC were dominantly partitioned into the proximal flux, likely to remain (initially) close to the site of production. Production of HyPyC was strongly related to fire residence time, with shorter duration fires resulting in higher HyPyC yields. The carbon isotope (δ13C) compositions of PyC and HyPyC were generally lower by 1-3‰ relative to the original biomass, with marked depletion up to 7 ‰ for grasslands dominated by C4 biomass. δ13C values of CO2 produced by combustion was computed by mass balance and ranged from ~0.4 to 1.3‰. The depletion of 13C in PyC and HyPyC relative to the original biomass has significant implications for the interpretation of δ13C values of savanna soil organic carbon and of ancient PyC preserved in the geologic record, and for global 13C isotopic disequilibria calculations.

C1-C2 instability with severe occipital headache in the setting of vertebral artery facet complex erosion.

PubMed

Taher, Fadi; Bokums, Kristaps; Aichmair, Alexander; Hughes, Alexander P

2014-05-01

An exact understanding of patient vertebral artery anatomy is essential to safely place screws at the atlanto-axial level in posterior arthrodesis. We aim to report a case of erosion of the left vertebral artery into the C1-C2 facet complex with resultant rotatory and lateral listhesis presenting with severe occipital headache. This represents a novel etiology for this diagnosis and our report illustrates technical considerations when instrumenting the C1-C2 segment. We report a case of severe occipital headache due to C1-C2 instability with resultant left C2 nerve compression in the setting of erosion of the vertebral artery into the C1-C2 facet complex. A 68-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of progressively debilitating headache and neck pain with atlanto-axial instability. Computed tomography (CT) angiography demonstrated erosion of the left vertebral artery into the left C1-C2 facet complex. In addition, the tortuous vertebral arteries had eroded into the C2 pedicles, eliminating the possibility for posterior pedicle screw placement. The patient underwent posterior arthrodesis of C1-C2 utilizing bilateral lateral mass fixation into C1 and bilateral trans-laminar fixation into C2 with resolution of all preoperative complaints. This study constitutes the first report of a tortuous vertebral artery causing the partial destruction of a C1-C2 facet complex, as well as instability, with the clinical presentation of severe occipital headache. It hereby presents a novel etiology for both the development of C1-C2 segment instability as well as the development of occipital headache. Careful evaluation of such lesions utilizing CT angiography is important when formulating a surgical plan.

Molecular mechanisms in the pyrolysis of unsaturated chlorinated hydrocarbons: formation of benzene rings. 2. Experimental and kinetic modeling studies.

PubMed

McIntosh, Grant J; Russell, Douglas K

2013-05-23

The mechanism of formation of benzene rings during the pyrolysis of dichloro- and trichloroethylenes has been investigated by the method of laser powered homogeneous pyrolysis coupled with product analysis by gas chromatography. Additionally, selected (co)pyrolyses between the chlorinated ethylenes, CH2Cl2, C4Cl4, C4Cl6, and C2H2 have been performed to explicitly probe the roles of 2C3 and C4/C2 reaction pairs in aromatic growth. The presence of odd-carbon products in neat C4Cl6 pyrolyses indicates that 2C3 processes are operative in these systems; however, comparison with product yields from C2HCl3 suggests that C4/C2 processes dominate most other systems. This is further evidenced by an absence of C3 and other odd-carbon species in (co)pyrolyses with dichloromethane which should seed C3-based growth. The reactions of perchlorinated C4 species C4Cl5, C4Cl3, and C4Cl4 with C2Cl2 were subsequently explored through extensive kinetic simulations of the possible reaction pathways based on previous kinetic models and the exhaustive quantum chemical investigations of our preceding work. The experimental and theoretical results strongly suggest that, at moderate temperatures, aromatic ring formation from chlorinated ethylenes normally follows a Diels-Alder coupling of C4 and C2 molecular units followed by internal shifts; the one exception is the C4Cl4 + C2Cl2 system, where steric factors lead to the formation of nonaromatic products. There is little evidence for radical-based routes in these systems.

Inbreeding coefficients and degree of consanguineous marriages in Spain: a review.

PubMed

Fuster, Vicente; Colantonio, Sonia Edith

2003-01-01

The contribution of consanguineous marriages corresponding to uncle-niece or aunt-nephew (C12), first cousin (C22), first cousin once removed (C23), and second cousin (C33) to the inbreeding coefficient (alpha) was analyzed from a sample of Spanish areas and periods. Multiple regressions were performed taking as independent variables the different degrees of consanguinity previously selected (C12, C22, C23, and C33) and as dependent variable the inbreeding coefficient (alpha). According to the results obtained for any degree and period, rural frequencies always surpass urban. However, the pattern is similar in both areas. In the period where consanguinity was more elevated (1890-1929) the C22/C33 ratio increased. Its variation is not due to C22 and C33 changes in the same way. In rural areas, this ratio surpasses the expected value by a factor of 2-3, but in urban areas it was 7-10 times larger, in some cases due to migration. While in rural Spain the C33 frequency was approximately 1.5 times C22, in cities C22 was 1.5 times C33. The best fit among the various types of consanguineous matings and alpha involves a lineal relationship. Regardless of the number of variables contributing significantly to alpha, C22 matings are always present. Moreover, their standardized (beta) coefficients are the highest. The above indicates that this consanguineous relationship conditions the inbreeding coefficient the most. In the period of greater consanguinity, close relationships, uncle-niece C12, and first cousin once removed (C23) make a significant contribution to alpha. In rural Spain second cousins (C33) always significantly determined alpha; however, in cities the inbreeding variation was mainly due to C12 and C23. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Acetylene and Ethylene Adsorption on a β-Mo 2C(100) Surface: A Periodic DFT Study on the Role of C- and Mo-Terminations for Bonding and Hydrogenation Reactions

DOE PAGES

Jimenez-Orozco, Carlos; Florez, Elizabeth; Moreno, Andres; ...

2017-08-18

Mo 2C catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation reactions; however, the role of the C and Mo terminations in these catalysts is not clear. Understanding the binding of adsorbates is key for explaining the activity of Mo 2C. The adsorption of acetylene and ethylene, probe molecules representing alkynes and olefins, respectively, was studied in this paper on a β-Mo 2C(100) surface with C and Mo terminations using calculations based on periodic density functional theory. Moreover, the role of the C/Mo molar ratio was investigated to compare the catalytic potential of cubic (δ-MoC) and orthorhombic (β-Mo 2C) surfaces. The geometry andmore » electronic properties of the clean δ-MoC(001) and β-Mo 2C(100) surfaces have a strong influence on the binding of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The adsorption of ethylene is weaker than that of acetylene on the surfaces of the cubic and orthorhombic systems; adsorption of the hydrocarbons was stronger on β-Mo 2C(100) than on δ-MoC(001). The C termination in β-Mo 2C(100) actively participates in both acetylene and ethylene adsorption and is not merely a spectator. Finally, the results of this work suggest that the β-Mo 2C(100)-C surface could be the one responsible for the catalytic activity during the hydrogenation of unsaturated C≡C and C=C bonds, while the Mo-terminated surface could be poisoned or transformed by the strong adsorption of C and CH x fragments.« less

The role of the upper tidal estuary in wetland blue carbon storage and flux

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krauss, Ken W.; Noe, Gregory B.; Duberstein, Jamie A.; Conner, William H.; Stagg, Camille L.; Cormier, Nicole; Jones, Miriam C.; Bernhardt, Christopher E.; Lockaby, B. Graeme; From, Andrew S.; Doyle, Thomas W.; Day, Richard H.; Ensign, Scott H.; Pierfelice, Katherine N.; Hupp, Cliff R.; Chow, Alex T.; Whitbeck, Julie L.

2018-01-01

Carbon (C) standing stocks, C mass balance, and soil C burial in tidal freshwater forested wetlands (TFFW) and TFFW transitioning to low‐salinity marshes along the upper estuary are not typically included in “blue carbon” accounting, but may represent a significant C sink. Results from two salinity transects along the tidal Waccamaw and Savannah rivers of the US Atlantic Coast show total C standing stocks were 321‐1264 Mg C ha‐1 among all sites, generally shifting to greater soil storage as salinity increased. Carbon mass balance inputs (litterfall, woody growth, herbaceous growth, root growth, surface accumulation) minus C outputs (surface litter and root decomposition, gaseous C) over a period of up to 11 years were 340‐900 g C m‐2 yr‐1. Soil C burial was variable (7‐337 g C m‐2 yr‐1), and lateral C export was estimated as C mass balance minus soil C burial as 267‐849 g C m‐2yr‐1. This represents a large amount of C export to support aquatic biogeochemical transformations. Despite reduced C persistence within emergent vegetation, decomposition of organic matter, and higher lateral C export, total C storage increased as forests converted to marsh with salinization. These tidal river wetlands exhibited high N mineralization in salinity‐stressed forested sites and considerable P mineralization in low salinity marshes. Large C standing stocks and rates of C sequestration suggest that TFFW and oligohaline marshes are considerably important globally to coastal C dynamics and in facilitating energy transformations in areas of the world in which they occur.

Effect of neutron irradiation on defect evolution in Ti 3SiC 2 and Ti 2AlC

DOE PAGES

Tallman, Darin J.; He, Lingfeng; Garcia-Diaz, Brenda L.; ...

2015-10-23

Here, we report on the characterization of defects formed in polycrystalline Ti 3SiC 2 and Ti 2AlC samples exposed to neutron irradiation – up to 0.1 displacements per atom (dpa) at 350 ± 40 °C or 695 ± 25 °C, and up to 0.4 dpa at 350 ± 40 °C. Black spots are observed in both Ti 3SiC 2 and Ti 2AlC after irradiation to both 0.1 and 0.4 dpa at 350 °C. After irradiation to 0.1 dpa at 695 °C, small basal dislocation loops, with a Burgers vector of b = 1/2 [0001] are observed in both materials. Atmore » 9 ± 3 and 10 ± 5 nm, the loop diameters in the Ti 3SiC 2 and Ti 2AlC samples, respectively, were comparable. At 1 × 10 23 loops/m 3, the dislocation loop density in Ti 2AlC was ≈1.5 orders of magnitude greater than in Ti 3SiC 2, at 3 x 10 21 loops/m3. After irradiation at 350 °C, extensive microcracking was observed in Ti 2AlC, but not in Ti 3SiC 2. The room temperature electrical resistivities increased as a function of neutron dose for all samples tested, and appear to saturate in the case of Ti 3SiC 2. The MAX phases are unequivocally more neutron radiation tolerant than the impurity phases TiC and Al 2O 3. Based on these results, Ti 3SiC 2 appears to be a more promising MAX phase candidate for high temperature nuclear applications than Ti 2AlC.« less

c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun regulation in the regenerating livers of normal and H-2K/c-myc transgenic mice.

PubMed Central

Morello, D; Fitzgerald, M J; Babinet, C; Fausto, N

1990-01-01

We investigated the mechanisms of regulation of c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun at the early stages of liver regeneration in mice. We show that the transient increase in steady-state levels of c-myc mRNA at the start of liver regeneration is most probably regulated by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Although there was a marked increase in c-myc transcriptional initiation shortly after partial hepatectomy, a block in elongation prevented the completion of most transcripts. To gain further information on the mechanism of regulation of c-myc expression during liver regeneration, we used transgenic mice harboring the human c-myc gene driven by the H-2K promoter. In these animals, the murine c-myc responded to the growth stimulus generated by partial hepatectomy, whereas the expression of the transgene was constitutive and did not change in the regenerating liver. However, the mRNA from both genes increased markedly after cycloheximide injection, suggesting that the regulation of c-myc mRNA abundance in the regenerating liver differs from that occurring after protein synthesis inhibition. Furthermore, we show that in normal mice c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels and transcriptional rates increase within 30 min after partial hepatectomy. c-fos transcriptional elongation was restricted in nongrowing liver, but the block was partially relieved in the regenerating liver. Nevertheless, for both c-fos and c-jun, changes in steady-state mRNA detected after partial hepatectomy were much greater than the transcriptional increase. In the regenerating liver of H-2K/c-myc mice, c-fos and c-jun expression was diminished, whereas mouse c-myc expression was enhanced in comparison with that in nontransgenic animals. Images PMID:2111449

Competitive Interactions between C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei during Biofilm Formation and Development of Experimental Candidiasis.

PubMed

Rossoni, Rodnei Dennis; Barbosa, Júnia Oliveira; Vilela, Simone Furgeri Godinho; dos Santos, Jéssica Diane; de Barros, Patrícia Pimentel; Prata, Márcia Cristina de Azevedo; Anbinder, Ana Lia; Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn; Jorge, Antonio Olavo Cardoso; Mylonakis, Eleftherios; Junqueira, Juliana Campos

2015-01-01

In this study, we evaluated the interactions between Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata in mixed infections. Initially, these interactions were studied in biofilms formed in vitro. CFU/mL values of C. albicans were lower in mixed biofilms when compared to the single biofilms, verifying 77% and 89% of C. albicans reduction when this species was associated with C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. After that, we expanded this study for in vivo host models of experimental candidiasis. G. mellonella larvae were inoculated with monotypic and heterotypic Candida suspensions for analysis of survival rate and quantification of fungal cells in the haemolymph. In the groups with single infections, 100% of the larvae died within 18 h after infection with C. albicans. However, interaction groups achieved 100% mortality after 72 h of infection by C. albicans-C. glabrata and 96 h of infection by C. albicans-C. krusei. C. albicans CFU/mL values from larvae hemolymph were lower in the interacting groups compared with the monoespecies group after 12 h of infection. In addition, immunosuppressed mice were also inoculated with monotypic and heterotypic microbial suspensions to induce oral candidiasis. C. albicans CFU/mL values recovered from oral cavity of mice were higher in the group with single infection by C. albicans than the groups with mixed infections by C. albicans-C. glabrata and C. albicans-C. krusei. Moreover, the group with single infection by C. albicans had a higher degree of hyphae and epithelial changes in the tongue dorsum than the groups with mixed infections. We concluded that single infections by C. albicans were more harmful for animal models than mixed infections with non-albicans species, suggesting that C. albicans establish competitive interactions with C. krusei and C. glabrata during biofilm formation and development of experimental candidiasis.

Differential effects of c-fms and c-kit ligands on the lineage development of the lymphohematopoietic cell line EML C1.

PubMed

Tsai, S

1996-01-01

The lymphohematopoietic progenitors represent < 0.01% of nucleated marrow cells. We have shown that murine lymphohematopoietic progenitors can be immortalized by a recombinant retroviral vector harboring a dominant-negative retinoic acid (RA) receptor. The immortalized progenitors proliferate as a stem-cell factor-dependent clonal line designated EML C1. The EML C1 cell line spontaneously generates prepro-B-lymphocytes and erythroid and myeloid progenitors. Upon stimulation with interleukin 7 and marrow stromal cells, the prepro-B-lymphocytes express recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1) and undergo D-J rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. With erythropoietin, the erythroid progenitors proliferate and differentiate into red cells. Generation of the common progenitors for neutrophils and macrophages [colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)] is suppressed in EML C1 cells but is inducible by high concentrations of RA. An additional block in neutrophil differentiation occurs at the promyelocyte stage, but this can also be overcome by high concentrations of RA. Although c-fms is homologous to c-kit, which encodes the receptor for stem-cell factor (SCF), EML C1 cells neither express c-fms nor respond to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), the ligand for c-fms. Transduction and expression of c-fms cDNA in EML C1 cells confers responsiveness to M-CSF. This finding indicates that c-kit and c-fms share substantially overlapping signal-transduction pathways. However, c-fms-transduced EML C1 cells (EML C1/c-fms cells) exhibit different development patterns when stimulated by SCF alone or by M-CSF alone. When stimulated by SCF alone, EML C1/c-fms cells show mostly erythroid and B-lymphoid development. When stimulated by M-CSF alone, development switches to mostly myeloid (neutrophil and macrophage) development. This observation suggests that c-kit and c-fms must have unique signal-transduction pathways in addition to the common ones.

Molecular structure and conformational composition of methyl chloroacetate: An electron-diffraction and ab initio molecular orbital investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aarset, Kirsten; Boldermo, Kjell Gunnar; Hagen, Kolbjørn

2010-08-01

The molecular structure and conformational composition of methyl chloroacetate, H 2ClC sbnd C( dbnd O) sbnd O sbnd CH 3, have been determined by gas-phase electron-diffraction (GED), using results from ab initio molecular orbital calculations (HF, MP2 and MP3/6-311+G(d,p)) to obtain constraints on some of the structural parameters. The molecules exist in the gas-phase at 25 °C as a mixture of two stable conformers: syn with C sbnd Cl eclipsing C dbnd O and gauche with C sbnd H approximately eclipsing C dbnd O. In both of these conformers O sbnd CH 3 is also eclipsing C dbnd O. The experimentally observed conformational composition at 25 °C was 36(8)% syn and 64(8)% gauche (parenthesised values are 2 σ), corresponding to a free energy difference between conformers of ΔGexp° = 1.4(9) kJ/mol. The corresponding theoretical values obtained for Δ G° are 1.1 kJ/mol (HF), 2.3 kJ/mol (MP2), and 2.4 kJ/mol (MP3). The results for the principal distances ( rh1) and angles ( ∠h1) for the major gauche conformer obtained from the combined GED/ ab initio study (2 σ uncertainties) are r(CO sbnd CCl) = 1.502(9) Å, r(C sbnd H) = 1.084(6) Å (average value), r(C sbnd Cl) = 1.782(4) Å, r(C dbnd O) = 1.213(4) Å, r(CO sbnd O) = 1.346(4) Å, r(CH 3sbnd O) = 1.468(10) Å, ∠C sbnd C sbnd Cl = 110.0(6)°, ∠C sbnd C dbnd O = 124.7(6)°, ∠C sbnd C sbnd O = 108.3(10)°, ∠C sbnd O sbnd C = 115.9(8)°, ϕ(Cl sbnd C sbnd C dbnd O) = 111(2)°, ϕ(C sbnd O sbnd C dbnd O) = 3(3)°.

C3aR and C5aR1 act as key regulators of human and mouse β-cell function.

PubMed

Atanes, Patricio; Ruz-Maldonado, Inmaculada; Pingitore, Attilio; Hawkes, Ross; Liu, Bo; Zhao, Min; Huang, Guo Cai; Persaud, Shanta J; Amisten, Stefan

2018-02-01

Complement components 3 and 5 (C3 and C5) play essential roles in the complement system, generating C3a and C5a peptides that are best known as chemotactic and inflammatory factors. In this study we characterised islet expression of C3 and C5 complement components, and the impact of C3aR and C5aR1 activation on islet function and viability. Human and mouse islet mRNAs encoding key elements of the complement system were quantified by qPCR and distribution of C3 and C5 proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry. Activation of C3aR and C5aR1 was determined using DiscoverX beta-arrestin assays. Insulin secretion from human and mouse islets was measured by radioimmunoassay, and intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i), ATP generation and apoptosis were assessed by standard techniques. C3 and C5 proteins and C3aR and C5aR1 were expressed by human and mouse islets, and C3 and C5 were mainly localised to β- and α-cells. Conditioned media from islets exposed for 1 h to 5.5 and 20 mM glucose stimulated C3aR and C5aR1-driven beta-arrestin recruitment. Activation of C3aR and C5aR1 potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion from human and mouse islets, increased [Ca 2+ ]i and ATP generation, and protected islets against apoptosis induced by a pro-apoptotic cytokine cocktail or palmitate. Our observations demonstrate a functional link between activation of components of the innate immune system and improved β-cell function, suggesting that low-level chronic inflammation may improve glucose homeostasis through direct effects on β-cells.

Formation of alkylated aromatic acids in groundwater by anaerobic degradation of alkylbenzenes.

PubMed

Martus, Peter; Püttmann, Wilhelm

2003-05-20

Evidence for the presence of previously unreported alkylated aromatic acids in anaerobic groundwater samples from a jet fuel-contaminated site is presented. The redox conditions are dominated by sulfate reduction. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry screening showed a composition of aromatic hydrocarbons ranging from BTEX (C(0)-C(2)-substituted benzenes) up to C(7)-benzenes. Known metabolites like methylbenzoates (C(1)-BA), C(2)-BA, C(3)-BA as well as methylbenzylsuccinates (C(1)-BSA) were detected. Additionally, previously unreported metabolites of higher alkylated benzenes have been identified in the extracts: those are C(2)-BSA to C(5)-BSA as well as C(4)-BA to C(6)-BA, which were detected in the microg/l-concentration range. The formation of C(1)- and C(2)-BSA as well as the C(1)- and C(2)-BA can be linked to structurally corresponding parent contaminants like the xylene isomers and the trimethylbenzene isomers. The C(3)-BSA and C(3)-BA represent metabolites of C(4)-benzenes. The occurrence of C(4)-C(5)-BSA and C(4)-C(6)-BA is attributed to C(5)-C(7)-benzenes acting as parent compounds. The concentration of total aromatic contaminants decreased along the plume centre line. In contrast, benzoates and benzylsuccinates (BA and BSA) showed constant concentrations over a distance of 84 m. BA concentrations were up to 162 times higher compared to BSA, as indicated by the ratio f(BA/BSA). A pronounced transient behaviour of BSA or an overall persistent behaviour of BA can explain this. Hence, along the plume centre line, f(BA/BSA) was constant over a distance of 128 m. The degradation products detected in a monitoring well are not necessarily tied to contaminants detected in that well. Therefore, the metabolite plume is partly located in front of the contaminant plume, but does not significantly migrate downstream the plume toe.

Competitive Interactions between C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei during Biofilm Formation and Development of Experimental Candidiasis

PubMed Central

Rossoni, Rodnei Dennis; Barbosa, Júnia Oliveira; Vilela, Simone Furgeri Godinho; dos Santos, Jéssica Diane; de Barros, Patrícia Pimentel; Prata, Márcia Cristina de Azevedo; Anbinder, Ana Lia; Fuchs, Beth Burgwyn; Jorge, Antonio Olavo Cardoso; Mylonakis, Eleftherios; Junqueira, Juliana Campos

2015-01-01

In this study, we evaluated the interactions between Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata in mixed infections. Initially, these interactions were studied in biofilms formed in vitro. CFU/mL values of C. albicans were lower in mixed biofilms when compared to the single biofilms, verifying 77% and 89% of C. albicans reduction when this species was associated with C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. After that, we expanded this study for in vivo host models of experimental candidiasis. G. mellonella larvae were inoculated with monotypic and heterotypic Candida suspensions for analysis of survival rate and quantification of fungal cells in the haemolymph. In the groups with single infections, 100% of the larvae died within 18 h after infection with C. albicans. However, interaction groups achieved 100% mortality after 72 h of infection by C. albicans-C. glabrata and 96 h of infection by C. albicans-C. krusei. C. albicans CFU/mL values from larvae hemolymph were lower in the interacting groups compared with the monoespecies group after 12 h of infection. In addition, immunosuppressed mice were also inoculated with monotypic and heterotypic microbial suspensions to induce oral candidiasis. C. albicans CFU/mL values recovered from oral cavity of mice were higher in the group with single infection by C. albicans than the groups with mixed infections by C. albicans-C. glabrata and C. albicans-C. krusei. Moreover, the group with single infection by C. albicans had a higher degree of hyphae and epithelial changes in the tongue dorsum than the groups with mixed infections. We concluded that single infections by C. albicans were more harmful for animal models than mixed infections with non-albicans species, suggesting that C. albicans establish competitive interactions with C. krusei and C. glabrata during biofilm formation and development of experimental candidiasis. PMID:26146832

Reliable Diagnosis of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase Type IA Deficiency by Analysis of Plasma Acylcarnitine Profiles.

PubMed

Heiner-Fokkema, M Rebecca; Vaz, Frédéric M; Maatman, Ronald; Kluijtmans, Leo A J; van Spronsen, Francjan J; Reijngoud, Dirk-Jan

2017-01-01

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT-IA) deficiency is an inherited disorder of the carnitine cycle (MIM #255120). Patients affected by this deficiency might be missed easily because of lack of specific and sensitive biochemical markers. In this study, sensitivity and specificity of plasma free carnitine (C0) and long-chain acylcarnitines (lc-ac: C16:0-, C16:1-, C18:0-, C18:1- and C18:2-ac) was evaluated, including the sum of lc-ac (∑lc-ac) and the molar ratios C0/(C16:0-ac+C18:0-ac) and C0/∑lc-ac. Nine plasma acylcarnitine profiles of 4 CPT-IA deficient patients were compared with profiles of 2,190 subjects suspected of or diagnosed with an inherited disorder of metabolism. Age-dependent reference values were calculated based on the patient population without a definite diagnosis of an inborn error of metabolism (n = 1,600). Sensitivity, specificity, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated based on samples of the whole patient population. Concentrations of C0 in plasma were normal in all CPT-IA deficient patient samples. ROC analyses showed highest diagnostic values for C18:0-ac, C18:1-ac, and ∑lc-ac (AUC 1.000) and lowest for C0 (AUC 0.738). Combining two markers, i.e., a plasma C18:1-ac concentration <0.05 μmol/L and a molar ratio of C0/(C16:0-ac+C18:0-ac) >587, specificity to diagnose CPT-IA deficiency increased to 99.3% compared with either C18:1-ac (97.4%) or C0/(C16:0-ac+C18:0-ac) (96.9%) alone, all at a sensitivity of 100%. Combination of a low concentration of C18:1-ac with a high molar ratio of C0/(C16:0-ac+C18:0-ac) ratio in plasma has high diagnostic value for CPT-IA deficiency. Patients with a clinical suspicion of CPT-IA deficiency can be diagnosed with this test combination.

The effect of cervical posterior foraminotomy on segmental range of motion in the setting of total disc arthroplasty.

PubMed

Bevevino, Adam J; Lehman, Ronald A; Kang, Daniel G; Gwinn, David E; Dmitriev, Anton E

2014-09-01

Human cadaveric biomechanical analysis. To investigate the effect on cervical spine segmental stability that results from a posterior foraminotomy after cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Posterior foraminotomy offers the ability to decompress cervical nerves roots while avoiding the need to extend a previous fusion or revise an arthroplasty to a fusion. However, the safety of a foraminotomy in the setting of CDA is unknown. Segmental nondestructive range of motion (ROM) was analyzed in 9 human cadaveric cervical spine specimens. After intact testing, each specimen was sequentially tested according to the following 4 experimental groups: group 1=C5-C6 CDA, group 2=C5-C6 CDA with unilateral C5-C6 foraminotomy, group 3=C5-C6 CDA with bilateral C5-C6 foraminotomy, and group 4=C5-C6 CDA with C5-C6 and C4-C5 bilateral foraminotomy. No differences in ROM were found between the intact, CDA, and foraminotomy specimens at C4-C5 or C6-C7. There was a step-wise increase in C5-C6 axial rotation from the intact state (8°) to group 4 (12°), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. At C5-C6, the degree of lateral bending remained relatively constant. Flexion and extension at C5-C6 was significantly higher in the foraminotomy specimens, groups 2 (18.1°), 3 (18.6°), and 4 (18.2°), compared with the intact state, 11.2°. However, no ROM difference was found within foraminotomy groups (2-4) or between the foraminotomy groups and the CDA group (group 1), 15.3°. Our results indicate that cervical stability is not significantly decreased by the presence, number, or level of posterior foraminotomies in the setting of CDA. The addition of foraminotomies to specimens with a pre-existing CDA resulted in small and insignificant increases in segmental ROM. Therefore, biomechanically, posterior foraminotomy/foraminotomies may be considered a safe and viable option in the setting of recurrent or adjacent level radiculopathy after cervical disc replacement. N/A.

Cyclic AMP- and (Rp)-cAMPS-induced Conformational Changes in a Complex of the Catalytic and Regulatory (RIα) Subunits of Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase*

PubMed Central

Anand, Ganesh S.; Krishnamurthy, Srinath; Bishnoi, Tanushree; Kornev, Alexandr; Taylor, Susan S.; Johnson, David A.

2010-01-01

We took a discovery approach to explore the actions of cAMP and two of its analogs, one a cAMP mimic ((Sp)-adenosine cyclic 3′:5′-monophosphorothioate ((Sp)-cAMPS)) and the other a diastereoisomeric antagonist ((Rp)-cAMPS), on a model system of the type Iα cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme, RIα(91–244)·C-subunit, by using fluorescence spectroscopy and amide H/2H exchange mass spectrometry. Specifically, for the fluorescence experiments, fluorescein maleimide was conjugated to three cysteine single residue substitution mutants, R92C, T104C, and R239C, of RIα(91–244), and the effects of cAMP, (Sp)-cAMPS, and (Rp)-cAMPS on the kinetics of R-C binding and the time-resolved anisotropy of the reporter group at each conjugation site were measured. For the amide exchange experiments, ESI-TOF mass spectrometry with pepsin proteolytic fragmentation was used to assess the effects of (Rp)-cAMPS on amide exchange of the RIα(91–244)·C-subunit complex. We found that cAMP and its mimic perturbed at least parts of the C-subunit interaction Sites 2 and 3 but probably not Site 1 via reduced interactions of the linker region and αC of RIα(91–244). Surprisingly, (Rp)-cAMPS not only increased the affinity of RIα(91–244) toward the C-subunit by 5-fold but also produced long range effects that propagated through both the C- and R-subunits to produce limited unfolding and/or enhanced conformational flexibility. This combination of effects is consistent with (Rp)-cAMPS acting by enhancing the internal entropy of the R·C complex. Finally, the (Rp)-cAMPS-induced increase in affinity of RIα(91–244) toward the C-subunit indicates that (Rp)-cAMPS is better described as an inverse agonist because it decreases the fractional dissociation of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme and in turn its basal activity. PMID:20167947

Kinematic relationship between missed ligamentum flavum bulge and degenerative factors in the cervical spine.

PubMed

Zhong, Guibin; Buser, Zorica; Lao, Lifeng; Yin, Ruofeng; Wang, Jeffrey C

2015-10-01

Bulging of ligamentum flavum can happen with the aging process and can lead to compression of the spinal cord and nerves. However, the distribution and the risk factors associated with a missed ligamentum flavum bulge (LFB) are unknown. The aim was to evaluate the distribution and risk factors associated with missed LFB in the cervical spine. This was a retrospective analysis of kinematic magnetic resonance images (kMRI). Patients diagnosed with symptomatic neck pain or radiculopathy between March 2011 and October 2012 were included. The outcome measures were missed LFB and degenerative factors. A total of 200 patients (1,000 cervical segments) underwent upright kMRI in neutral, flexion, and extension postures. The LFB, sagittal cervical angles, disc herniation, disc degeneration, disc height, angular motion, translational motion, age, and gender were recorded. After excluding segments with LFB in neutral and flexion position, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relation between the risk factors and missed LFB in the extension position. The average depth of LFB was 0.24±0.71 mm at C2-C3, 1.02±1.42 mm at C3-C4, 1.65±1.48 mm at C4-C5, 2.13±1.37 mm at C5-C6, and 1.05±1.54 mm at C6-C7. The distribution of LFB was the most frequent at C5-C6 level (76.58%) followed by C4-C5 (63.06%). Disc herniation, disc degeneration, angular variation, and translational motion were significantly correlated with missed LFB at C4-C5 andC5-C6. Disc degeneration was the only factor significantly correlated with missed LFB at all cervical segments. Occurrence and depth of missed LFB was the highest at C4-C5 and C5-C6 compared with other cervical levels. Disc degeneration, disc herniation, angular variation, and translational motion could play a role in the development of LFB at C4-C5 andC5-C6. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Role of Priming in the Development of Stable and Radioactive Carbon Isotope Profiles of Soil Organic Matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serach, L.; Breecker, D.

2017-12-01

The stability of soil carbon (C) is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in global C cycle models and is central to identifying potential feedbacks to a warming climate. The role that more stable soil organic matter (SOM) pools could have in these feedbacks is highly uncertain. Stable C isotope (δ13C) and radiocarbon (14C) SOM profiles are used to understand the processes involved in soil C stabilization. In this study, we use a 1-dimensional, 3 pool soil C model to simulate the development of SOM δ13C and 14C profiles in a well-drained forest soil. Under the simplest model scenario where decomposition rate constants for each SOM pool remain fixed, model runs exhibit a buildup of slowly degrading C in the shallow subsurface (0-5cm) where fresh, labile C typically dominates in natural soils. Additionally, magnitudes of trends in SOM δ13C and 14C profiles were inconsistent with those observed in natural profiles, suggesting a deficiency in this version of the model. We hypothesize that the observed disparity between modeled and natural profiles is due to the absence of priming in the model. Priming effects presume a change in decomposition rate constants for recalcitrant C pools upon the addition of labile C to the soil. As such, priming effects were simulated in the model by making decomposition rate constants a function of labile C input (e.g., root C and leaf litter). The incorporation of priming into the model yields larger, more realistic shifts in SOM δ13C profiles and trends in 14C profiles that vary based on the sensitivity of recalcitrant pools to labile C addition. So far, the results from this study support the hypothesis that SOM δ13C and 14C profiles cannot be explained without priming. These results highlight the importance of priming to our understanding of the persistence of stable C in the soil and our ability to use SOM δ13C and 14C trends as a means to quantify C stability.

Improving our understanding of environmental controls on the distribution of C3 and C4 grasses.

PubMed

Pau, Stephanie; Edwards, Erika J; Still, Christopher J

2013-01-01

A number of studies have demonstrated the ecological sorting of C3 and C4 grasses along temperature and moisture gradients. However, previous studies of C3 and C4 grass biogeography have often inadvertently compared species in different and relatively unrelated lineages, which are associated with different environmental settings and distinct adaptive traits. Such confounded comparisons of C3 and C4 grasses may bias our understanding of ecological sorting imposed strictly by photosynthetic pathway. Here, we used MaxEnt species distribution modeling in combination with satellite data to understand the functional diversity of C3 and C4 grasses by comparing both large clades and closely related sister taxa. Similar to previous work, we found that C4 grasses showed a preference for regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation compared with grasses using the C3 pathway. However, air temperature differences were smaller (2 °C vs. 4 °C) and precipitation and % tree cover differences were larger (1783 mm vs. 755 mm, 21.3% vs. 7.7%, respectively) when comparing C3 and C4 grasses within the same clade vs. comparing all C4 and all C3 grasses (i.e., ignoring phylogenetic structure). These results were due to important differences in the environmental preferences of C3 BEP and PACMAD clades (the two main grass clades). Winter precipitation was found to be more important for understanding the distribution and environmental niche of C3 PACMADs in comparison with both C3 BEPs and C4 taxa, for which temperature was much more important. Results comparing closely related C3 -C4 sister taxa supported the patterns derived from our modeling of the larger clade groupings. Our findings, which are novel in comparing the distribution and niches of clades, demonstrate that the evolutionary history of taxa is important for understanding the functional diversity of C3 and C4 grasses, and should have implications for how grasslands will respond to global change. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Feasibility and Biomechanics of Multilevel Arthroplasty and Combined Cervical Arthrodesis and Arthroplasty.

PubMed

Safavi-Abbasi, Sam; Reyes, Phillip M; Abjornson, Celeste; Crawford, Neil R

2016-12-01

A new experimental protocol was applied utilizing a simplified postural control model. Multiple constructs were tested nondestructively by interconnecting segmental rods to screws. To investigate how posture and distribution of segmental angles under physiological loads are affected by combined cervical arthroplasty and fusion. Previous studies of biomechanics of multilevel arthroplasty have focused on range of motion and intradiscal pressure. No previous study has investigated postural changes and segmental angle distribution. In 7 human cadaveric C3-T1 specimens, C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7 disks were replaced with ProDisc-C (Synthes). Combinations of fusion (f) adjacent to arthroplasty (A) were simulated at C4-C5, C5-C6, and C6-C7, respectively: fAA, AfA, AAf, ffA, fAf, Aff, fff. C3-C4 and C7-T1 remained intact. A compressive belt apparatus simulated normal muscle cocontraction and gravitational preload; C3-C4, C4-C5, C5-C6, C6-C7, and C7-T1 motions were tracked independently. Parameters studied were segmental postural compensation, neutral buckling, and shift in sagittal plane instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR). With one or more levels unfused, the arthroplasty levels preferentially moved toward upright posture before the intact levels. Neutral buckling was greatest for 3-level arthroplasty, less for 2-level arthroplasty, and least for 1-level arthroplasty. Among the three 1-level arthroplasty groups (ffA, fAf, Aff), arthroplasty at the caudalmost level resulted in significantly greater buckling than with arthroplasty rostralmost or at mid-segment (P<0.04, analysis of variance/Holm-Sidak). Although IAR location was related to buckling, this correlation did not reach significance (P=0.112). Arthroplasty levels provide the "path of least resistance," through which the initial motion is more likely to occur. The tendency for specimens to buckle under vertical compression became greater with more arthroplasty levels. Buckling appeared more severe with arthroplasty more caudal. Buckling only moderately correlated to shifts in IAR, meaning slight malpositioning of the devices would not necessarily cause buckling.

Ethylene Removal at Low Temperatures under Biofilter and Batch Conditions

PubMed Central

Elsgaard, Lars

2000-01-01

Removal of the plant hormone ethylene (C2H4) is often required by horticultural storage facilities, which are operated at temperatures below 10°C. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an efficient, biological C2H4 removal under such low-temperature conditions. Peat-soil, acclimated to degradation of C2H4, was packed in a biofilter (687 cm3) and subjected to an airflow (∼73 ml min−1) with 2 ppm (μl liter−1) C2H4. The C2H4 removal efficiencies achieved at 20, 10, and 5°C, respectively, were 99.0, 98.8, and 98.4%. This corresponded to C2H4 levels of 0.022 to 0.032 ppm in the biofilter outlet air. At 2°C, the average C2H4 removal efficiency dropped to 83%. The detailed temperature response of C2H4 removal was tested under batch conditions by incubation of 1-g soil samples in a temperature gradient ranging from 0 to 29°C with increments of 1°C. The C2H4 removal rate was highest at 26°C (0.85 μg of C2H4 g [dry weight]−1 h−1), but remained at levels of 0.14 to 0.28 μg of C2H4 g (dry weight)−1 h−1 at 0 to 10°C. At 35 to 40°C, the C2H4 removal rate was negligible (0.02 to 0.06 μg of C2H4 g [dry weight]−1 h−1). The Q10 (i.e., the ratio of rates 10°C apart) for C2H4 removal was 1.9 for the interval 0 to 10°C. In conclusion, the present results demonstrated microbial C2H4 removal, which proceeded at 0 to 2°C and produced a moderately psychrophilic temperature response. PMID:10966403

Cellular uptake of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin: membrane translocation of a fusion toxin requires unfolding of its dihydrofolate reductase domain.

PubMed

Haug, Gerd; Wilde, Christian; Leemhuis, Jost; Meyer, Dieter K; Aktories, Klaus; Barth, Holger

2003-12-30

The Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is the prototype of the family of binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins. C2 toxin is composed of two separated nonlinked proteins. The enzyme component C2I ADP-ribosylates actin in the cytosol of target cells. The binding/translocation component C2II mediates cell binding of the enzyme component and its translocation from acidic endosomes into the cytosol. After proteolytic activation, C2II forms heptameric pores in endosomal membranes, and most likely, C2I translocates through these pores into the cytosol. For this step, the cellular heat shock protein Hsp90 is essential. We analyzed the effect of methotrexate on the cellular uptake of a fusion toxin in which the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was fused to the C-terminus of C2I. Here, we report that unfolding of C2I-DHFR is required for cellular uptake of the toxin via the C2IIa component. The C2I-DHFR fusion toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of actin in vitro and was able to intoxicate cultured cells when applied together with C2IIa. Binding of the folate analogue methotrexate favors a stable three-dimensional structure of the dihydrofolate reductase domain. Pretreatment of C2I-DHFR with methotrexate prevented cleavage of C2I-DHFR by trypsin. In the presence of methotrexate, intoxication of cells with C2I-DHFR/C2II was inhibited. The presence of methotrexate diminished the translocation of the C2I-DHFR fusion toxin from endosomal compartments into the cytosol and the direct C2IIa-mediated translocation of C2I-DHFR across cell membranes. Methotrexate had no influence on the intoxication of cells with C2I/C2IIa and did not alter the C2IIa-mediated binding of C2I-DHFR to cells. The data indicate that methotrexate prevented unfolding of the C2I-DHFR fusion toxin, and thereby the translocation of methotrexate-bound C2I-DHFR from endosomes into the cytosol of target cells is inhibited.

Tree-ring cellulose exhibits several distinct intramolecular 13C signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wieloch, Thomas; Ehlers, Ina; Frank, David; Gessler, Arthur; Grabner, Michael; Yu, Jun; Schleucher, Jürgen

2017-04-01

Stable carbon isotopes are a key tool in biogeosciences. Present applications including compound-specific isotope analysis measure 13C/12C ratios (δ13C) of bulk material or of whole molecules. However, it is well known that primary metabolites also show large intramolecular 13C variation - also called isotopomer variation. This variation reflects 13C fractionation by enzyme reactions and therefore encodes metabolic information. Furthermore, δ13C must be considered an average of the intramolecular 13C distribution. Here we will present (1) methodology to analyse intramolecular 13C distributions of tree-ring cellulose by quantitative 13C NMR (Chaintreau et al., 2013, Anal Chim Acta, 788, 108-113); (2) intramolecular 13C distributions of an annually-resolved tree ring chronology (Pinus nigra, 1961-1995); (3) isotope parameters and terminology for analysis of intramolecular isotope time series; (4) a method for correcting for heterotrophic C redistribution. We will show that the intramolecular 13C distribution of tree-ring cellulose shows large variation, with differences between isotopomers exceeding 10‰Ṫhus, individual 13C isotopomers of cellulose constitute distinct 13C inputs into major global C pools such as wood and soil organic matter. When glucose units with the observed intramolecular 13C pattern are broken down along alternative catabolic pathways, it must be expected that respired CO2 with strongly differing δ13C will be released; indicating that intramolecular 13C variation affects isotope signals of atmosphere-biosphere C exchange fluxes. taking this variation into account will improve modelling of the global C cycle. Furthermore, cluster analysis shows that tree-ring glucose exhibits several independent intramolecular 13C signals, which constitute distinct ecophysiological information channels. Thus, whole-molecule 13C analysis likely misses a large part of the isotope information stored in tree rings. As we have shown for deuterium (Ehlers et al., 2015, PNAS, 112, 15585), intramolecular isotope signals allow tracing plant acclimation over centuries, and intramolecular 13C distributions will also improve our understanding of 13C signatures of global C fluxes.

Interacting helical surfaces of the transmembrane segments of subunits a and c' of the yeast V-ATPase defined by disulfide-mediated cross-linking.

PubMed

Kawasaki-Nishi, Shoko; Nishi, Tsuyoshi; Forgac, Michael

2003-10-24

Proton translocation by the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase (or V-ATPase) has been shown by mutagenesis to be dependent upon charged residues present within transmembrane segments of subunit a as well as the three proteolipid subunits (c, c', and c"). Interaction between R735 in TM7 of subunit a and the glutamic acid residue in the middle of TM4 of subunits c and c' or TM2 of subunit c" has been proposed to be essential for proton release to the luminal compartment. In order to determine whether the helical face of TM7 of subunit a containing R735 is capable of interacting with the helical face of TM4 of subunit c' containing the essential glutamic acid residue (Glu-145), cysteine-mediated cross-linking between these subunits in yeast has been performed. Cys-less forms of subunits a and c' as well as forms containing unique cysteine residues were constructed, introduced together into a strain disrupted in both endogenous subunits, and tested for growth at neutral pH, for assembly competence and for cross-linking in the presence of cupric-phenanthroline by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Four different cysteine mutants of subunit a were each tested pairwise with ten different unique cysteine mutants of subunit c'. Strong cross-linking was observed for the pairs aS728C/c'I142C, aA731C/c'E145C, aA738C/c'F143C, aA738C/c'L147C, and aL739C/c'L147C. Partial cross-linking was observed for an additional 13 of 40 pairs analyzed. When arrayed on a helical wheel diagram, the results suggest that the helical face of TM7 of subunit a containing Arg-735 interacts with the helical face of TM4 of subunit c' centered on Val-146 and bounded by Glu-145 and Leu-147. The results are consistent with a possible rotational flexibility of one or both of these transmembrane segments as well as some flexibility of movement perpendicular to the membrane.

DPD and UGT1A1 deficiency in colorectal cancer patients receiving triplet chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan

PubMed Central

Falvella, Felicia Stefania; Cheli, Stefania; Martinetti, Antonia; Mazzali, Cristina; Iacovelli, Roberto; Maggi, Claudia; Gariboldi, Manuela; Pierotti, Marco Alessandro; Di Bartolomeo, Maria; Sottotetti, Elisa; Mennitto, Roberta; Bossi, Ilaria; de Braud, Filippo; Clementi, Emilio; Pietrantonio, Filippo

2015-01-01

Aims Triplet chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan is a standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DPYD and UGT1A1 influence fluoropyrimdines and irinotecan adverse events (AEs). Low frequency DPYD variants (c.1905 + 1G > A, c.1679 T > G, c.2846A > T) are validated but more frequent ones (c.496A > G, c.1129-5923C > G and c.1896 T > C) are not. rs895819 T > C polymorphism in hsa-mir-27a is associated with reduced DPD activity. In this study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of a pharmacogenetic panel for patients receiving triplet combinations. Methods Germline DNA was available from 64 CRC patients enrolled between 2008 and 2013 in two phase II trials of capecitabine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan plus bevacizumab or cetuximab. SNPs were determined by Real-Time PCR. We evaluated the functional variants in DPYD (rare: c.1905 + 1G > A, c.1679 T > G, c.2846A > T; most common: c.496A > G, c.1129-5923C > G, c.1896 T > C), hsa-mir-27a (rs895819) and UGT1A1 (*28) genes to assess their association with grade 3–4 AEs. Results None of the patients carried rare DPYD variants. We found DPYD c.496A > G, c.1129-5923C > G, c.1896 T > C in heterozygosity in 19%, 5% and 8%, respectively, homozygous rs895819 in hsa-mir-27a in 9% and homozygous UGT1A1*28 in 8%. Grade 3–4 AEs were observed in 36% patients and were associated with DPYD c.496A > G (odds ratio (OR) 4.93, 95% CI 1.29, 18.87; P = 0.021) and homozygous rs895819 in hsa-mir-27a (OR 11.11, 95% CI 1.21, 102.09; P = 0.020). Carriers of DPYD c.1896 T > C and homozygous UGT1A1*28 showed an OR of 8.42 (95% CI 0.88, 80.56; P = 0.052). Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent value for DPYD c.496A > G and c.1896 T > C. Conclusions Concomitant assessment of DPYD variants and the UGT1A1*28 allele is a promising strategy needing further validation for dose personalization. PMID:25782327

Influence of CYP2C8 polymorphisms on the hydroxylation metabolism of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers in vitro.

PubMed

Yu, Lushan; Shi, Da; Ma, Liping; Zhou, Quan; Zeng, Su

2013-07-01

CYP2C8 plays an important role in the metabolism of various drugs, such as paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen. Polymorphisms in the CYP2C8 gene were shown to influence interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers. In this study, three CYP2C8 allelic variants (CYP2C8.2, CYP2C8.3 and CYP2C8.4) and wild-type CYP2C8 (CYP2C8.1) were co-expressed for the first time with human cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and cytochrome b5 by using a baculovirus-assisted insect cell expression system. Further, the effects of genotype-phenotype correlations of CYP2C8 alleles on the metabolism of paclitaxel, repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers were evaluated. The CLint values of CYP2C8.2, CYP2C8.3 and CYP2C8.4 for paclitaxel were 47.7%, 64.3% and 30.2% of that of CYP2C8.1 (p<0.01). The CLint values of CYP2C8.2 and CYP2C8.4 for repaglinide were 77.9% and 80.2% of that of CYP2C8.1 (p<0.05), respectively, while the CLint value of CYP2C8.3 was 1.31-fold higher than that of CYP2C8.1 (p<0.05). The relative CLint values of CYP2C8.2, CYP2C8.3 and CYP2C8.4 were 110.5%, 72.3% and 49.7% of that of CYP2C8.1 and were 124.6%, 83.4% and 47.4% of that of CYP2C8.1 for R-ibuprofen and S-ibuprofen, respectively. Comparing hydroxylation by CYP2C8.1 and CYP2C8.3 resulted in higher and lower intrinsic clearance of repaglinide and ibuprofen enantiomers, respectively. These in vitro findings were consistent with the pharmacokinetics in volunteers who were heterozygous or homozygous carriers of CYP2C8*3. The results of this study provide useful information for predicting CYP2C8 phenotypes and may contribute to individualized drug therapy in the future. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Primary genome scan to identify putative quantitative trait loci for feedlot growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency of beef cattle.

PubMed

Nkrumah, J D; Sherman, E L; Li, C; Marques, E; Crews, D H; Bartusiak, R; Murdoch, B; Wang, Z; Basarab, J A; Moore, S S

2007-12-01

Feed intake and feed efficiency of beef cattle are economically relevant traits. The study was conducted to identify QTL for feed intake and feed efficiency of beef cattle by using genotype information from 100 microsatellite markers and 355 SNP genotyped across 400 progeny of 20 Angus, Charolais, or Alberta Hybrid bulls. Traits analyzed include feedlot ADG, daily DMI, feed-to-gain ratio [F:G, which is the reciprocal of the efficiency of gain (G:F)], and residual feed intake (RFI). A mixed model with sire as random and QTL effects as fixed was used to generate an F-statistic profile across and within families for each trait along each chromosome, followed by empirical permutation tests to determine significance thresholds for QTL detection. Putative QTL for ADG (chromosome-wise P < 0.05) were detected across families on chromosomes 5 (130 cM), 6 (42 cM), 7 (84 cM), 11 (20 cM), 14 (74 cM), 16 (22 cM), 17 (9 cM), 18 (46 cM), 19 (53 cM), and 28 (23 cM). For DMI, putative QTL that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 1 (93 cM), 3 (123 cM), 15 (31 cM), 17 (81 cM), 18 (49 cM), 20 (56 cM), and 26 (69 cM) in the across-family analyses. Putative across-family QTL influencing F:G that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 3 (62 cM), 5 (129 cM), 7 (27 cM), 11 (16 cM), 16 (30 cM), 17 (81 cM), 22 (72 cM), 24 (55 cM), and 28 (24 cM). Putative QTL influencing RFI that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 1 (90 cM), 5 (129 cM), 7 (22 cM), 8 (80 cM), 12 (89 cM), 16 (41 cM), 17 (19 cM), and 26 (48 cM) in the across-family analyses. In addition, a total of 4, 6, 1, and 8 chromosomes showed suggestive evidence (chromosome-wise, P < 0.10) for putative ADG, DMI, F:G, and RFI QTL, respectively. Most of the QTL detected across families were also detected within families, although the locations across families were not necessarily the locations within families, which is likely because of differences among families in marker informativeness for the different linkage groups. The locations and direction of some of the QTL effects reported in this study suggest potentially favorable pleiotropic effects for the underlying genes. Further studies will be required to confirm these QTL in other populations so that they can be fine-mapped for potential applications in marker-assisted selection and management of beef cattle.

Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Individual Pollen Grains as a Proxy for C3- Versus C4-Grass Abundance in Paleorecords: A Validation Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, D. M.; Hu, F.; Pearson, A.

2007-12-01

C3 and C4 grasses have distinct influences on major biogeochemical processes and unique responses to important environmental controls. Difficulties in distinguishing between these two functional groups of grasses have hindered paleoecological studies of grass-dominated ecosystems. We recently developed a technique to analyze the stable carbon isotope composition of individual grass-pollen grains using a spooling- wire microcombustion device interfaced with an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (Nelson et al. 2007). This technique holds promise for improving C3 and C4 grass reconstructions. It requires ~90% fewer grains than typical methods and avoids assumptions associated with mixing models. However, our previous work was based on known C3 and C4 grasses from herbarium specimens and field collections and the technique had not been test using geological samples. To test the ability of this technique to reproduce the abundance of C3 and C4 grasses on the landscape, we measured δ13C values of >1500 individual grains of grass pollen isolated from the surface sediments of 10 North American lakes that span a large gradient of C3 and C4 grass abundance. Results indicate a strong positive correlation (r=0.94) between % C4-grass pollen (derived from classifying δ13C values from single grains as C3 and C4) and the literature-reported abundance of C4 grasses on the landscape. However, the measured % C4-grass pollen shows some deviation from the actual abundance at sites with high proportions of C4 grasses. This is likely caused by uncertainty in the magnitude, composition, and variability of the analytical blank associated with these measurements. Correcting for this deviation using regression analysis improves the estimation of the abundance of C4 grasses on the landscape. Comparison of the % C4-grass pollen with C/N and δ13C measurements of total organic matter in the same lake-sediment samples illustrates the distinct advantage of grass-pollen δ13C as a proxy for distinguishing C3 and C4 shifts. At 9 of the 10 sites C/N values indicate that surface-sediment organic matter was derived primarily from aquatic production. At the one site where organic matter was produced primarily by vascular plants the δ13C value (-29.3°) suggests organic matter derived exclusively from C3 plants. However, ~80% of the grasses on the landscape at this site are C4 grasses. The C3- like bulk-sediment δ13C value likely represents woody species, which comprise >90% of the pollen spectra. Thus δ13C analysis of single grains of grass pollen offers a new tool to classify grass pollen into two major functional groups and promises to advance our understanding of grassland ecology and evolution. Reference Nelson, D.M., Hu, F.S., Mikucki, J., Tian, J., and Pearson, A., 2007, Carbon isotopic analysis of individual pollen grains from C3 and C4 grasses using a spooling wire microcombustion interface: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 71, p. 4005-4014.

98. Catalog HHistory 1, C.C.C., 19 Tree Planting, Negative No. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

98. Catalog H-History 1, C.C.C., 19 Tree Planting, Negative No. P 474c (Photographer and date unknown) TRANSPLANTING TREE. - Skyline Drive, From Front Royal, VA to Rockfish Gap, VA , Luray, Page County, VA

Dental Porcelain Furnaces: Test and Evaluation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

D Q)L a ) a) C ) C C C C c *. . 3a)0. >4 a)->4 >4 -, Z 0 -a-’- 4-% a) ( nca )m m nU Cs C ) (3 ) 11) a) a) a3) Q) a) W) a2) C C~~ >4 L > > >1 >1 4 > 4...Fig. 1) is a computerized programmable porcelain furnace with 45 open programs. This unit has a large detachable cathode -ray tube (CRT) screen which

7 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766 Agriculture Regulations of... PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN SERVICING-SPECIAL Loan Servicing Programs Pt. 766, Subpt. C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766—FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non...

40 CFR Table C-5 to Subpart C of... - Summary of Comparability Field Testing Campaign Site and Seasonal Requirements for Class II and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Campaign Site and Seasonal Requirements for Class II and III FEMs for PM 10-2,5 and PM 2.5 C Table C-5 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-5 Table C-5 to Subpart C of Part...

7 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766 Agriculture Regulations of... PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN SERVICING-SPECIAL Loan Servicing Programs Pt. 766, Subpt. C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766—FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non...

40 CFR Table C-5 to Subpart C of... - Summary of Comparability Field Testing Campaign Site and Seasonal Requirements for Class II and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Campaign Site and Seasonal Requirements for Class II and III FEMs for PM 10-2.5 and PM 2.5 C Table C-5 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... Between Candidate Methods and Reference Methods Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Table C-5 Table C-5 to Subpart C of Part...

7 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766 Agriculture Regulations of... PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN SERVICING-SPECIAL Loan Servicing Programs Pt. 766, Subpt. C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766—FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non...

7 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766 Agriculture Regulations of... PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN SERVICING-SPECIAL Loan Servicing Programs Pt. 766, Subpt. C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766—FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non...

7 CFR Appendix C to Subpart C of... - FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Borrowers Who Are in Non-Monetary Default C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766 Agriculture Regulations of... PROGRAMS DIRECT LOAN SERVICING-SPECIAL Loan Servicing Programs Pt. 766, Subpt. C, App. C Appendix C to Subpart C of Part 766—FSA-2514, Notice of Availability of Loan Servicing to Borrowers Who Are in Non...

Observation of Five New Narrow Ω_{c}^{0} States Decaying to Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-}.

PubMed

Aaij, R; Adeva, B; Adinolfi, M; Ajaltouni, Z; Akar, S; Albrecht, J; Alessio, F; Alexander, M; Ali, S; Alkhazov, G; Alvarez Cartelle, P; Alves, A A; Amato, S; Amerio, S; Amhis, Y; An, L; Anderlini, L; Andreassi, G; Andreotti, M; Andrews, J E; Appleby, R B; Archilli, F; d'Argent, P; Arnau Romeu, J; Artamonov, A; Artuso, M; Aslanides, E; Auriemma, G; Baalouch, M; Babuschkin, I; Bachmann, S; Back, J J; Badalov, A; Baesso, C; Baker, S; Balagura, V; Baldini, W; Baranov, A; Barlow, R J; Barschel, C; Barsuk, S; Barter, W; Baryshnikov, F; Baszczyk, M; Batozskaya, V; Batsukh, B; Battista, V; Bay, A; Beaucourt, L; Beddow, J; Bedeschi, F; Bediaga, I; Beiter, A; Bel, L J; Bellee, V; Belloli, N; Belous, K; Belyaev, I; Ben-Haim, E; Bencivenni, G; Benson, S; Beranek, S; Berezhnoy, A; Bernet, R; Bertolin, A; Betancourt, C; Betti, F; Bettler, M-O; van Beuzekom, M; Bezshyiko, Ia; Bifani, S; Billoir, P; Birnkraut, A; Bitadze, A; Bizzeti, A; Blake, T; Blanc, F; Blouw, J; Blusk, S; Bocci, V; Boettcher, T; Bondar, A; Bondar, N; Bonivento, W; Bordyuzhin, I; Borgheresi, A; Borghi, S; Borisyak, M; Borsato, M; Bossu, F; Boubdir, M; Bowcock, T J V; Bowen, E; Bozzi, C; Braun, S; Britton, T; Brodzicka, J; Buchanan, E; Burr, C; Bursche, A; Buytaert, J; Cadeddu, S; Calabrese, R; Calvi, M; Calvo Gomez, M; Camboni, A; Campana, P; Campora Perez, D H; Capriotti, L; Carbone, A; Carboni, G; Cardinale, R; Cardini, A; Carniti, P; Carson, L; Carvalho Akiba, K; Casse, G; Cassina, L; Castillo Garcia, L; Cattaneo, M; Cavallero, G; Cenci, R; Chamont, D; Charles, M; Charpentier, Ph; Chatzikonstantinidis, G; Chefdeville, M; Chen, S; Cheung, S F; Chobanova, V; Chrzaszcz, M; Chubykin, A; Cid Vidal, X; Ciezarek, G; Clarke, P E L; Clemencic, M; Cliff, H V; Closier, J; Coco, V; Cogan, J; Cogneras, E; Cogoni, V; Cojocariu, L; Collins, P; Comerma-Montells, A; Contu, A; Cook, A; Coombs, G; Coquereau, S; Corti, G; Corvo, M; Costa Sobral, C M; Couturier, B; Cowan, G A; Craik, D C; Crocombe, A; Cruz Torres, M; Cunliffe, S; Currie, R; D'Ambrosio, C; Da Cunha Marinho, F; Dall'Occo, E; Dalseno, J; David, P N Y; Davis, A; De Bruyn, K; De Capua, S; De Cian, M; De Miranda, J M; De Paula, L; De Serio, M; De Simone, P; Dean, C T; Decamp, D; Deckenhoff, M; Del Buono, L; Dembinski, H-P; Demmer, M; Dendek, A; Derkach, D; Deschamps, O; Dettori, F; Dey, B; Di Canto, A; Di Nezza, P; Dijkstra, H; Dordei, F; Dorigo, M; Dosil Suárez, A; Dovbnya, A; Dreimanis, K; Dufour, L; Dujany, G; Dungs, K; Durante, P; Dzhelyadin, R; Dziewiecki, M; Dziurda, A; Dzyuba, A; Déléage, N; Easo, S; Ebert, M; Egede, U; Egorychev, V; Eidelman, S; Eisenhardt, S; Eitschberger, U; Ekelhof, R; Eklund, L; Ely, S; Esen, S; Evans, H M; Evans, T; Falabella, A; Farley, N; Farry, S; Fay, R; Fazzini, D; Ferguson, D; Fernandez, G; Fernandez Prieto, A; Ferrari, F; Ferreira Rodrigues, F; Ferro-Luzzi, M; Filippov, S; Fini, R A; Fiore, M; Fiorini, M; Firlej, M; Fitzpatrick, C; Fiutowski, T; Fleuret, F; Fohl, K; Fontana, M; Fontanelli, F; Forshaw, D C; Forty, R; Franco Lima, V; Frank, M; Frei, C; Fu, J; Funk, W; Furfaro, E; Färber, C; Gallas Torreira, A; Galli, D; Gallorini, S; Gambetta, S; Gandelman, M; Gandini, P; Gao, Y; Garcia Martin, L M; García Pardiñas, J; Garra Tico, J; Garrido, L; Garsed, P J; Gascon, D; Gaspar, C; Gavardi, L; Gazzoni, G; Gerick, D; Gersabeck, E; Gersabeck, M; Gershon, T; Ghez, Ph; Gianì, S; Gibson, V; Girard, O G; Giubega, L; Gizdov, K; Gligorov, V V; Golubkov, D; Golutvin, A; Gomes, A; Gorelov, I V; Gotti, C; Govorkova, E; Graciani Diaz, R; Granado Cardoso, L A; Graugés, E; Graverini, E; Graziani, G; Grecu, A; Greim, R; Griffith, P; Grillo, L; Gruberg Cazon, B R; Grünberg, O; Gushchin, E; Guz, Yu; Gys, T; Göbel, C; Hadavizadeh, T; Hadjivasiliou, C; Haefeli, G; Haen, C; Haines, S C; Hamilton, B; Han, X; Hansmann-Menzemer, S; Harnew, N; Harnew, S T; Harrison, J; Hatch, M; He, J; Head, T; Heister, A; Hennessy, K; Henrard, P; Henry, L; van Herwijnen, E; Heß, M; Hicheur, A; Hill, D; Hombach, C; Hopchev, P H; Huard, Z-C; Hulsbergen, W; Humair, T; Hushchyn, M; Hutchcroft, D; Idzik, M; Ilten, P; Jacobsson, R; Jalocha, J; Jans, E; Jawahery, A; Jiang, F; John, M; Johnson, D; Jones, C R; Joram, C; Jost, B; Jurik, N; Kandybei, S; Karacson, M; Kariuki, J M; Karodia, S; Kecke, M; Kelsey, M; Kenzie, M; Ketel, T; Khairullin, E; Khanji, B; Khurewathanakul, C; Kirn, T; Klaver, S; Klimaszewski, K; Klimkovich, T; Koliiev, S; Kolpin, M; Komarov, I; Kopecna, R; Koppenburg, P; Kosmyntseva, A; Kotriakhova, S; Kozachuk, A; Kozeiha, M; Kravchuk, L; Kreps, M; Krokovny, P; Kruse, F; Krzemien, W; Kucewicz, W; Kucharczyk, M; Kudryavtsev, V; Kuonen, A K; Kurek, K; Kvaratskheliya, T; Lacarrere, D; Lafferty, G; Lai, A; Lanfranchi, G; Langenbruch, C; Latham, T; Lazzeroni, C; Le Gac, R; van Leerdam, J; Leflat, A; Lefrançois, J; Lefèvre, R; Lemaitre, F; Lemos Cid, E; Leroy, O; Lesiak, T; Leverington, B; Li, T; Li, Y; Li, Z; Likhomanenko, T; Lindner, R; Lionetto, F; Liu, X; Loh, D; Longstaff, I; Lopes, J H; Lucchesi, D; Lucio Martinez, M; Luo, H; Lupato, A; Luppi, E; Lupton, O; Lusiani, A; Lyu, X; Machefert, F; Maciuc, F; Maev, O; Maguire, K; Malde, S; Malinin, A; Maltsev, T; Manca, G; Mancinelli, G; Manning, P; Maratas, J; Marchand, J F; Marconi, U; Marin Benito, C; Marinangeli, M; Marino, P; Marks, J; Martellotti, G; Martin, M; Martinelli, M; Martinez Santos, D; Martinez Vidal, F; Martins Tostes, D; Massacrier, L M; Massafferri, A; Matev, R; Mathad, A; Mathe, Z; Matteuzzi, C; Mauri, A; Maurice, E; Maurin, B; Mazurov, A; McCann, M; McNab, A; McNulty, R; Meadows, B; Meier, F; Melnychuk, D; Merk, M; Merli, A; Michielin, E; Milanes, D A; Minard, M-N; Mitzel, D S; Mogini, A; Molina Rodriguez, J; Monroy, I A; Monteil, S; Morandin, M; Morello, M J; Morgunova, O; Moron, J; Morris, A B; Mountain, R; Muheim, F; Mulder, M; Mussini, M; Müller, D; Müller, J; Müller, K; Müller, V; Naik, P; Nakada, T; Nandakumar, R; Nandi, A; Nasteva, I; Needham, M; Neri, N; Neubert, S; Neufeld, N; Neuner, M; Nguyen, T D; Nguyen-Mau, C; Nieswand, S; Niet, R; Nikitin, N; Nikodem, T; Nogay, A; Novoselov, A; O'Hanlon, D P; Oblakowska-Mucha, A; Obraztsov, V; Ogilvy, S; Oldeman, R; Onderwater, C J G; Otalora Goicochea, J M; Owen, P; Oyanguren, A; Pais, P R; Palano, A; Palutan, M; Papanestis, A; Pappagallo, M; Pappalardo, L L; Pappenheimer, C; Parker, W; Parkes, C; Passaleva, G; Pastore, A; Patel, M; Patrignani, C; Pearce, A; Pellegrino, A; Penso, G; Pepe Altarelli, M; Perazzini, S; Perret, P; Pescatore, L; Petridis, K; Petrolini, A; Petrov, A; Petruzzo, M; Picatoste Olloqui, E; Pietrzyk, B; Pikies, M; Pinci, D; Pistone, A; Piucci, A; Placinta, V; Playfer, S; Plo Casasus, M; Poikela, T; Polci, F; Poli Lener, M; Poluektov, A; Polyakov, I; Polycarpo, E; Pomery, G J; Ponce, S; Popov, A; Popov, D; Popovici, B; Poslavskii, S; Potterat, C; Price, E; Prisciandaro, J; Prouve, C; Pugatch, V; Puig Navarro, A; Punzi, G; Qian, C; Qian, W; Quagliani, R; Rachwal, B; Rademacker, J H; Rama, M; Ramos Pernas, M; Rangel, M S; Raniuk, I; Ratnikov, F; Raven, G; Redi, F; Reichert, S; Dos Reis, A C; Remon Alepuz, C; Renaudin, V; Ricciardi, S; Richards, S; Rihl, M; Rinnert, K; Rives Molina, V; Robbe, P; Rodrigues, A B; Rodrigues, E; Rodriguez Lopez, J A; Rodriguez Perez, P; Rogozhnikov, A; Roiser, S; Rollings, A; Romanovskiy, V; Romero Vidal, A; Ronayne, J W; Rotondo, M; Rudolph, M S; Ruf, T; Ruiz Valls, P; Saborido Silva, J J; Sadykhov, E; Sagidova, N; Saitta, B; Salustino Guimaraes, V; Sanchez Gonzalo, D; Sanchez Mayordomo, C; Sanmartin Sedes, B; Santacesaria, R; Santamarina Rios, C; Santimaria, M; Santovetti, E; Sarti, A; Satriano, C; Satta, A; Saunders, D M; Savrina, D; Schael, S; Schellenberg, M; Schiller, M; Schindler, H; Schlupp, M; Schmelling, M; Schmelzer, T; Schmidt, B; Schneider, O; Schopper, A; Schreiner, H F; Schubert, K; Schubiger, M; Schune, M-H; Schwemmer, R; Sciascia, B; Sciubba, A; Semennikov, A; Sergi, A; Serra, N; Serrano, J; Sestini, L; Seyfert, P; Shapkin, M; Shapoval, I; Shcheglov, Y; Shears, T; Shekhtman, L; Shevchenko, V; Siddi, B G; Silva Coutinho, R; Silva de Oliveira, L; Simi, G; Simone, S; Sirendi, M; Skidmore, N; Skwarnicki, T; Smith, E; Smith, I T; Smith, J; Smith, M; Soares Lavra, L; Sokoloff, M D; Soler, F J P; Souza De Paula, B; Spaan, B; Spradlin, P; Sridharan, S; Stagni, F; Stahl, M; Stahl, S; Stefko, P; Stefkova, S; Steinkamp, O; Stemmle, S; Stenyakin, O; Stevens, H; Stoica, S; Stone, S; Storaci, B; Stracka, S; Stramaglia, M E; Straticiuc, M; Straumann, U; Sun, L; Sutcliffe, W; Swientek, K; Syropoulos, V; Szczekowski, M; Szumlak, T; T'Jampens, S; Tayduganov, A; Tekampe, T; Tellarini, G; Teubert, F; Thomas, E; van Tilburg, J; Tilley, M J; Tisserand, V; Tobin, M; Tolk, S; Tomassetti, L; Tonelli, D; Topp-Joergensen, S; Toriello, F; Tourinho Jadallah Aoude, R; Tournefier, E; Tourneur, S; Trabelsi, K; Traill, M; Tran, M T; Tresch, M; Trisovic, A; Tsaregorodtsev, A; Tsopelas, P; Tully, A; Tuning, N; Ukleja, A; Ustyuzhanin, A; Uwer, U; Vacca, C; Vagnoni, V; Valassi, A; Valat, S; Valenti, G; Vazquez Gomez, R; Vazquez Regueiro, P; Vecchi, S; van Veghel, M; Velthuis, J J; Veltri, M; Veneziano, G; Venkateswaran, A; Verlage, T A; Vernet, M; Vesterinen, M; Viana Barbosa, J V; Viaud, B; Vieira, D; Vieites Diaz, M; Viemann, H; Vilasis-Cardona, X; Vitti, M; Volkov, V; Vollhardt, A; Voneki, B; Vorobyev, A; Vorobyev, V; Voß, C; de Vries, J A; Vázquez Sierra, C; Waldi, R; Wallace, C; Wallace, R; Walsh, J; Wang, J; Ward, D R; Wark, H M; Watson, N K; Websdale, D; Weiden, A; Whitehead, M; Wicht, J; Wilkinson, G; Wilkinson, M; Williams, M; Williams, M P; Williams, M; Williams, T; Wilson, F F; Wimberley, J; Winn, M A; Wishahi, J; Wislicki, W; Witek, M; Wormser, G; Wotton, S A; Wraight, K; Wyllie, K; Xie, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, Z; Yang, Z; Yang, Z; Yao, Y; Yin, H; Yu, J; Yuan, X; Yushchenko, O; Zarebski, K A; Zavertyaev, M; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhelezov, A; Zheng, Y; Zhu, X; Zhukov, V; Zucchelli, S

2017-05-05

The Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} mass spectrum is studied with a sample of pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.3  fb^{-1}, collected by the LHCb experiment. The Ξ_{c}^{+} is reconstructed in the decay mode pK^{-}π^{+}. Five new, narrow excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are observed: the Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3066)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. Measurements of their masses and widths are reported.

40 CFR Figure C-1 to Subpart C of... - Suggested Format for Reporting Test Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Results for Methods for SO 2, CO, O 3, NO 2 C Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53 Protection of Environment... Pt. 53, Subpt. C, Fig. C-1 Figure C-1 to Subpart C of Part 53—Suggested Format for Reporting Test... Difference Table C-1 spec. Pass or fail Low 1 ____ pPM 2 to ____ pPM 3 4 5 6 Medium 1 ____ pPM 2 to ____ pPM...

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Default CH4 and N2O Emission Factors for Various Types of Fuel

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for Various Types of Fuel C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 98 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Fuel Combustion Sources Pt. 98, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 98—Default CH4 and...) Default N2O emission factor (kg N2O/mmBtu) Coal and Coke (All fuel types in Table C-1) 1.1 × 10−02 1.6...

40 CFR Table C-2 to Subpart C of... - Default CH4 and N2O Emission Factors for Various Types of Fuel

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for Various Types of Fuel C Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 98 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Fuel Combustion Sources Pt. 98, Subpt. C, Table C-2 Table C-2 to Subpart C of Part 98—Default CH4 and...) Default N2O emission factor (kg N2O/mmBtu) Coal and Coke (All fuel types in Table C-1) 1.1 × 10− 02 1.6...

The Cost Growth Problem: A Realistic Diagnosis and Solution.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

access 30 0~ LJ 0 CD 0 ( 4c CD - V2 0 C.2 ~~CD.------ 0.0 4-J V) 0 0.0 C.,I Cdc = CC, 0 0D C2 =I . 31 haua La OC I- c C _g .- C2 n C2 __. 6.34 LIA ca D...Department Navy Military Personnel Command Washington, D.C. 20370 6. Director for HRM Plans and Policy (OP-IS0) 1 Human Resource Management Division...Washington, D.C. 20301 25. Dana French, CAPT, USN HD HRM Plans & Policy Branch Washington, D.C. 20301 26. Robert Aaron 820 Lamberton Drive Silver

Redundancy in Infantry Officer Basic Course (IOBC) Training.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

J \\ C j m ,---c CJ C -’C ’ Jci \\ .-- C11 AjmciCjA .- 0. i A U W 10 O m O O O ’S -ULA Li c (M (U mm;CC EuC’J4 mmmc’J-’.C’C’,J mM r- CjM - J e 14mC\\; C...CLOS[ COMBAT COURSE I 1 14 11_, , 131 /1d 71/ /0 7 ? ’ 1 CLOSE COMBAT COURSE I 114 22 Z0L l7 311 ;11 / i41- l ,,1 P 3 ;. 4,.1-;, ’ ’ I ɚ z is , g J 1

Methodology for UV Cured Conformal Coating

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

were coated and cured in the Hughes 5•C facility and delivered to MIRADCO& M for their evaluation. At the conclusion of the contract, two 1-day...identification of two coating materials which were fast curing, had few processing problems, and had the potential of meeting M !L..I- 46058C requiremerts...C" 0 c . m O5 C= ~ - cm CLm 6 EU~~ rJ-CS. Ln 0 IN J W a MS C-4 !2Z. 21 Oh.2 C + 2w IN C M C L-o 4 CO IN 0 .EU c i -c a- 0 IN0 oc 30 A 0 E90 -= cc rn

Hydrazine APU Starter Development.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

electrical solenoid valve is energized. Flywheel speed is monitored independently of the drive shaft speed (rotor speed) via a photo cell mounted in the...center of the top plate. The photocell detects the passage of a black stripe that is painted on the flywheel. Stall torque is monitored with a load cell ...zi Nt1 0m < -C3C C=, * r C ~ L 13 *36 *Si 0 IP *45 a T a *z a oz *it a *t a i a-a 1381 C,3( ( C ( C rcr ~ (C~rrC .C 6v 20 c, f4- 0 *0 0 04 *0 El 06 *0b

Rhenium-Promoted C-C Bond-Cleavage Reactions of Internal Propargyl Alcohols.

PubMed

Lee, Kui Fun; Bai, Wei; Sung, Herman H Y; Williams, Ian D; Lin, Zhenyang; Jia, Guochen

2018-06-07

The first examples of C-C bond cleavage reactions of internal propargyl alcohols to give vinylidene complexes are described. Treatment of [Re(dppm) 3 ]I with RC≡CC(OH)R'R'' (R=aryl, alkyl; C(OH)R'R''=C(OH)Ph 2, C(OH)Me 2 , C(OH)HPh, C(OH)H 2 ) produced the vinylidene complexes ReI(=C=CHR)(dppm) 2 with the elimination of C(O)R'R''. Computational studies support that the reactions proceed through a β-alkynyl elimination of alkoxide intermediates Re{OC(R')(R'')C≡CR}(dppm) 2 . © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Stability and electronic spectra of C76N2 isomers

PubMed Central

Teng, Qi-wen; Wu, Shi

2005-01-01

Study of geometries of 16 possible isomers for C76N2 based on C78(C 2v) by intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) series of methods indicated that the most stable geometry 25,78-C76N2 where two nitrogen atoms substitute two apexes C(25) and C(78) near the shortest X axis and Y axis formed by two hexagons and a pentagon. Electronic structures and spectra of C76N2 were investigated. The reason for the red-shift for absorptions of C76N2 compared with that of C78(C 2v) is discussed. PMID:15909352

Motivation: A Seminar to Assist Charge Nurses in Understanding Motivation and Worker Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

c . Growth needs - need for personal growth and development. 0 2. Alderfer - believes...H 0s 0. rj 4 a3Lr ()3 0 L) 0 -P E000 0) - - -O൱ =1 0 -j Ln - .0 03 0:44 U- 0 -a 6 .1-. c 41 0 c Ii - - u t- <I, LO0 E D, fn 441 0~-t 0 0~( 1-a-i-I...U -7- 0 Fi1aU 0C >. 0 s .0> 0 .0 -,~~L -.. 0~~a tn V wC co c 0 >4 u t4 _-.,d ~ ’ C OC)o E LL 0C) 4J. -H - C C ) -, E - E 00 Z C a 0 C )