40 CFR Table II-2 to Subpart II - Collection Efficiencies of Anaerobic Processes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Collection Efficiencies of Anaerobic Processes II Table II-2 to Subpart II Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Industrial Wastewater Treatment Pt. 98...

40 CFR Table II-2 to Subpart II - Collection Efficiencies of Anaerobic Processes

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Collection Efficiencies of Anaerobic Processes II Table II-2 to Subpart II Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) MANDATORY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Industrial Wastewater Treatment Pt. 98...

Comparison on the Surface Structure Properties along with Fe(II) and Mn(II) Removal Characteristics of Rice Husk Ash, Inactive Saccharomyces cerevisiae Powder, and Rice Husk

PubMed Central

Jiang, Zhao; Cao, Bo; Su, Guangxia; Lu, Yan; Zhao, Jiaying; Shan, Dexin; Zhang, Xiuyuan; Wang, Ziyi

2016-01-01

This study selected solid wastes, such as rice husk ash (RHA), inactive Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder (ISP), and rice husk (RH), as the potential adsorbents for the removal of Fe(II) and Mn(II) in aqueous solution. The structural characteristics, functional groups, and elemental compositions were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier translation infrared spectrum (FT-IR) analyses, respectively. Then the influence on the Fe(II) and Mn(II) removing efficiency by the factors, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Fe(II) and Mn(II) concentration, and contact time, was investigated by the static batch test. The adsorption isotherm study results show that Langmuir equation can better fit the Fe(II) and Mn(II) adsorption process by the three adsorbents. The maximum adsorption amounts for Fe(II) were 6.211 mg/g, 4.464 mg/g, and 4.049 mg/g by RHA, ISP, and RH and for Mn(II) were 3.016 mg/g, 2.229 mg/g, and 1.889 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model can better fit the Fe(II) and Mn(II) adsorption process. D-R model and thermodynamic parameters hint that the adsorption processes of Fe(II) and Mn(II) on the three adsorbents took place physically and the processes were feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic. PMID:28042571

Spirits and liqueurs in European traditional medicine: Their history and ethnobotany in Tuscany and Bologna (Italy).

PubMed

Egea, Teresa; Signorini, Maria Adele; Bruschi, Piero; Rivera, Diego; Obón, Concepción; Alcaraz, Francisco; Palazón, José Antonio

2015-12-04

Fermented drinks, often alcoholic, are relevant in many nutritional, medicinal, social, ritual and religious aspects of numerous traditional societies. The use of alcoholic drinks of herbal extracts is documented in classical pharmacy since the 1st century CE and it is often recorded in ethnobotanical studies in Europe, particularly in Italy, where are used for a wide range of medicinal purposes. Formulations and uses represent a singular tradition which responds to a wide range of environmental and cultural factors. This research has two overarching aims To determine how long ancient uses, recipes and formulas for medicinal liqueurs from the pharmacopoeias and herbals of the 18th century persisted in later periods and their role in present ethnobotanical knowledge in areas of Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna (Italy). To trace other possible relationships among ancient and recent recipes of alcoholic beverages, from both popular and 'classic' (learned) sources in N-C Italy and neighboring areas. The review of herbals and classical pharmacopoeias, and ethnobotanical field work in Alta Valle del Reno (Tuscany and Emilia Romagna, Italy) were followed of a systematic study of ingredients and medicinal uses with multivariate analysis techniques. The multivariate analysis clearly shows six different styles of preparing medicinal alcoholic beverages: 1. The medicinal wine formulae by Dioscorides (1st century CE). 2. The pharmacopoeias of Florence and Bologna in the 18th century CE. 3. The formularies of Santa Maria Novella and Castiglione (19th and early 20th centuries CE). 4. The ethnobotanical data from Appennino Tosco-Emiliano; home-made formulations based almost exclusively on the use of local resources. 5. Traditional recipes from NE Italy and Austria. 6. Traditional recipes from NW Italy, Emilia, and Provence (France). A total of 54 ingredients (29 fruits) from 48 species are used in different combinations and proportions in Alta Valle del Reno (Italy) to produce fermented beverages, liqueurs, distilled spirits and aromatized wines. Among these, 37 ingredients (33 species) are used as medicinal remedies. 15 ingredients (14 species) are also used to prepare specific medicinal liqueurs. Most are addressed to the treatment of diseases of the digestive system, dyspepsia in particular, followed by diseases of the respiratory system symptoms, not elsewhere classified and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, fundamentally of allergic origin. Although medicinal wines, liqueurs and spirits are recorded in numerous classical herbals and pharmacopoeias in Italy and other countries of Europe these show in terms of formulations and ingredients little influence in the ethnobotanical formulations recorded in Alta Valle del Reno (Italy), they apparently play no role in present ethnobotanical knowledge in Appennino Tosco-Emiliano and similarly in other areas of Italy, France and Austria. No (or very poor) persistence was found of ancient uses, recipes and formulas for medicinal liqueurs from pharmacopoeias and herbals of the 16th century CE in later periods in the formulas in use in the pharmacies of Tuscany. Popular recipes are strongly dependent on the availability of local wild and cultivated plants. Overall, Alta Valle del Reno ethnobotanical formulations of medicinal wines and spirits are extremely simple involving from one single ingredient to a few, which are locally produced or collected and selected among relevant medicinal resources used for a wide range of diseases in form of non-alcoholic aqueous extracts. Fruits gathered in the forests are the main ingredients which in this aspect show similarities with those from Tyrol (Austria). Medicinal liqueurs and wines are in analyzed ethnobotanical data mainly employed as digestives. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Trimethoprim degradation by Fenton and Fe(II)-activated persulfate processes.

PubMed

Wang, Shizong; Wang, Jianlong

2018-01-01

Trimethoprim is a pollutant ubiquitous in the environment due to its extensive application, and it cannot be effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment processes. In this study, the Fenton and the Fe(II)-activated persulfate processes were employed to degrade trimethoprim in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the concentration of persulfate, H 2 O 2 and Fe(II) a had significant influence on the degradation of trimethoprim in both processes. De-ionized water spiked with trimethoprim resulted in the complete degradation of trimethoprim (0.05 mM) by the mineralization of 54.9% of Fenton's reagent when the concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II) were 1 mM and 0.05 mM, respectively. In contrast, 73.4% of trimethoprim was degraded by the mineralization of 40.5% of the Fe(II)-activated persulfate process when the concentration of persulfate and Fe(II) were each 4 mM. Intermediate compounds with different m/z were detected for the Fenton and the Fe(II)-activated persulfate processes, indicating alternative degradation pathways. In the actual wastewater spiked with trimethoprim, the removal efficiency of trimethoprim decreased to 35.8% and 43.6%, respectively, for the Fenton and the Fe(II)-activated persulfate processes. In addition, the decomposition efficiencies for hydrogen peroxide and persulfate were 43.8% and 92.5%, respectively, which was lower than those in the de-ionized water system. These results demonstrated that wastewater components had a negative influence on trimethoprim degradation and the decomposition of the oxidants (persulfate and H 2 O 2 ). In summary, the Fe(II)-activated persulfate process could be used as an alternative technology for treating trimethoprim-containing wastewater. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 82.24 - Recordkeeping and reporting requirements for class II controlled substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... kilograms) of production of each class II controlled substance used in processes resulting in their...) The quantity (in kilograms) of production of each class II controlled substance used in processes... processes resulting in their transformation or eventual destruction; (vi) A list of the quantities and names...

Cleanliness of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon steel during different heating processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Jian-long; Bao, Yan-ping; Wang, Min

2017-12-01

During the production of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon (ULC) steel, two different heating processes were used when the converter tapping temperature or the molten steel temperature in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) process was low: heating by Al addition during the RH decarburization process and final deoxidation at the end of the RH decarburization process (process-I), and increasing the oxygen content at the end of RH decarburization, heating and final deoxidation by one-time Al addition (process-II). Temperature increases of 10°C by different processes were studied; the results showed that the two heating processes could achieve the same heating effect. The T.[O] content in the slab and the refining process was better controlled by process-I than by process-II. Statistical analysis of inclusions showed that the numbers of inclusions in the slab obtained by process-I were substantially less than those in the slab obtained by process-II. For process-I, the Al2O3 inclusions produced by Al added to induce heating were substantially removed at the end of decarburization. The amounts of inclusions were substantially greater for process-II than for process-I at different refining stages because of the higher dissolved oxygen concentration in process-II. Industrial test results showed that process-I was more beneficial for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.

The Unexplored Domains of the s-Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roederer, Ian

2016-10-01

Understanding the origin of the elements is one of the major challenges of modern astrophysics. Abundance measurements in late-type stars are used to test nucleosynthesis models, and the models in turn reveal the nature of the progenitor star(s) that produced the metals observed today. Elements listed along the bottom two-thirds of the periodic table are produced by neutron-capture reactions, such as the r-process or s-process. Previous studies have expanded the chemical inventory of individual r-process-enhanced stars to >50 elements per star. Here, we propose to do the same for an s-process-enhanced star.We propose new high-resolution STIS/E230H observations (2024-2301 Angstroms) of the star HD 196944, the UV-brightest s-process-enhanced metal-poor star in the sky. Lines of Se I, Mo II, Cd I, Cd II, Sn I, Sb I, Te I, Yb II, W II, Re II, Os II, Pt I, Pb II, and Bi I should be detectable in these observations because of the high spectral resolution and S/N. No star offers the opportunity to simultaneously detect all of these elements, and several of them could be detected for the first time. We will combine these NUV detections with optical detections to test many specific predictions of the s-process nucleosynthesis models in a way that has not been possible until now. This is particularly timely, for example, because s-process models have recently been shown to be uncertain at the termination point around Pb-Bi.

Brucella abortus Inhibits Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression and Antigen Processing through Interleukin-6 Secretion via Toll-Like Receptor 2▿

PubMed Central

Barrionuevo, Paula; Cassataro, Juliana; Delpino, M. Victoria; Zwerdling, Astrid; Pasquevich, Karina A.; Samartino, Clara García; Wallach, Jorge C.; Fossati, Carlos A.; Giambartolomei, Guillermo H.

2008-01-01

The strategies that allow Brucella abortus to survive inside macrophages for prolonged periods and to avoid the immunological surveillance of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-restricted gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes are poorly understood. We report here that infection of THP-1 cells with B. abortus inhibited expression of MHC-II molecules and antigen (Ag) processing. Heat-killed B. abortus (HKBA) also induced both these phenomena, indicating the independence of bacterial viability and involvement of a structural component of the bacterium. Accordingly, outer membrane protein 19 (Omp19), a prototypical B. abortus lipoprotein, inhibited both MHC-II expression and Ag processing to the same extent as HKBA. Moreover, a synthetic lipohexapeptide that mimics the structure of the protein lipid moiety also inhibited MHC-II expression, indicating that any Brucella lipoprotein could down-modulate MHC-II expression and Ag processing. Inhibition of MHC-II expression and Ag processing by either HKBA or lipidated Omp19 (L-Omp19) depended on Toll-like receptor 2 and was mediated by interleukin-6. HKBA or L-Omp19 also inhibited MHC-II expression and Ag processing of human monocytes. In addition, exposure to the synthetic lipohexapeptide inhibited Ag-specific T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Brucella-infected patients. Together, these results indicate that there is a mechanism by which B. abortus may prevent recognition by T cells to evade host immunity and establish a chronic infection. PMID:17984211

Living part on soil bioengineering structures in Appennino Tosco-emiliano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guastini, Enrico; Preti, Federico; Dani, Andrea

2014-05-01

From analisys headed up in soil bioengineered areas in different parts of Tuscany, the suitest root systems in slope stabilization turn out to be those spreading from seed-born plants, while adventitious roots from cuttings are often absent in the part more distant from the neck, and in some cases are insufficient to grant life support just in case of minor stress conditions. Genus Alnus shows it's adaptation capability to restore initial restoration steps and to create renovation prerequisites for other species through ammending litter production and symbiosis for nitrogen fixation with Frankia genus bacteria; other similar symbiosis (with Rhizobium and fungi) are carried out by Robinia pseudacacia. Soil fecundity increase is confirmed by the following entrance of more demanding species, as Ostrya carpinifolia and Acer pseudoplatanus at the tree level, Urtica dioica and Rubus Ulmifolius (nitrophilouses) at grass level. In the project phase it ought to imagine a well-structured implant, including rooted plants, cuttings and posibly a seed mix of colonising species aiming to form a germplasm on the structure itself in order to sprout whenever the local conditions allow it. Verifying that many after developed species came from ornithocore dissemination (Ficus carica, Pinus spp., Rosa canina, Sambucus nigra), lead to toughts about bedding out bird-attracting species on structures in order to realise a faster (and maybe more complex) succession development. This higher velocity could grant in a shorter period the production of a root mass spread in a more disomogeneous and complex pattern than that deriving from cuttings disposed in the traditional way; such a variability could allow a better interaction with other biological factors in the soil (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ...) that are important for the plant nutrient cicle (Ohsowski et al., 2012) and then the constituion of an articulate, long-term system.

Identification of new fluorescence processes in the UV spectra of cool stars from new energy levels of Fe II and Cr II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johansson, Sveneric; Carpenter, Kenneth G.

1988-01-01

Two fluorescence processes operating in atmospheres of cool stars, symbiotic stars, and the Sun are presented. Two emission lines, at 1347.03 and 1360.17 A, are identified as fluorescence lines of Cr II and Fe II. The lines are due to transitions from highly excited levels, which are populated radiatively by the hydrogen Lyman alpha line due to accidental wavelength coincidences. Three energy levels, one in Cr II and two in Fe II, are reported.

Metal regeneration of iron chelates in nitric oxide scrubbing

DOEpatents

Chang, Shih-Ger; Littlejohn, David; Shi, Yao

1997-08-19

The present invention relates to a process of using metal particles to reduce NO to NH.sub.3. More specifically, the invention concerns an improved process to regenerate iron (II) (CHELATE) by reduction of iron (II) (CHELATE) (NO) complex, which process comprises: a) contacting an aqueous solution containing iron (II) (CHELATE) (NO) with metal particles at between about 20.degree. and 90.degree. C. to reduce NO present, produce ammonia or an ammonium ion, and produce free iron (II) (CHELATE) at a pH of between about 3 and 8. The process is useful to remove NO from flue gas and reduce pollution.

Metal regeneration of iron chelates in nitric oxide scrubbing

DOEpatents

Chang, S.G.; Littlejohn, D.; Shi, Y.

1997-08-19

The present invention relates to a process of using metal particles to reduce NO to NH{sub 3}. More specifically, the invention concerns an improved process to regenerate iron (II) (CHELATE) by reduction of iron (II) (CHELATE) (NO) complex, which process comprises: (a) contacting an aqueous solution containing iron (II) (CHELATE) (NO) with metal particles at between about 20 and 90 C to reduce NO present, produce ammonia or an ammonium ion, and produce free iron (II) (CHELATE) at a pH of between about 3 and 8. The process is useful to remove NO from flue gas and reduce pollution. 34 figs.

12 CFR 217.122 - Qualification requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... related processes; (ii) Have and document a process (which must capture business environment and internal... current business activities, risk profile, technological processes, and risk management processes; and (ii... assessment systems. (D) Business environment and internal control factors. The Board-regulated institution...

12 CFR 324.122 - Qualification requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... related processes; (ii) Have and document a process (which must capture business environment and internal... current business activities, risk profile, technological processes, and risk management processes; and (ii... assessment systems. (D) Business environment and internal control factors. The FDIC-supervised institution...

Identifying and Quantifying the Intermediate Processes during Nitrate-Dependent Iron(II) Oxidation.

PubMed

Jamieson, James; Prommer, Henning; Kaksonen, Anna H; Sun, Jing; Siade, Adam J; Yusov, Anna; Bostick, Benjamin

2018-05-15

Microbially driven nitrate-dependent iron (Fe) oxidation (NDFO) in subsurface environments has been intensively studied. However, the extent to which Fe(II) oxidation is biologically catalyzed remains unclear because no neutrophilic iron-oxidizing and nitrate reducing autotroph has been isolated to confirm the existence of an enzymatic pathway. While mixotrophic NDFO bacteria have been isolated, understanding the process is complicated by simultaneous abiotic oxidation due to nitrite produced during denitrification. In this study, the relative contributions of biotic and abiotic processes during NDFO were quantified through the compilation and model-based interpretation of previously published experimental data. The kinetics of chemical denitrification by Fe(II) (chemodenitrification) were assessed, and compelling evidence was found for the importance of organic ligands, specifically exopolymeric substances secreted by bacteria, in enhancing abiotic oxidation of Fe(II). However, nitrite alone could not explain the observed magnitude of Fe(II) oxidation, with 60-75% of overall Fe(II) oxidation attributed to an enzymatic pathway for investigated strains: Acidovorax ( A.) strain BoFeN1, 2AN, A. ebreus strain TPSY, Paracoccus denitrificans Pd 1222, and Pseudogulbenkiania sp. strain 2002. By rigorously quantifying the intermediate processes, this study eliminated the potential for abiotic Fe(II) oxidation to be exclusively responsible for NDFO and verified the key contribution from an additional, biological Fe(II) oxidation process catalyzed by NDFO bacteria.

COMPLETE ELEMENT ABUNDANCES OF NINE STARS IN THE r -PROCESS GALAXY RETICULUM II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna; Chiti, Anirudh

We present chemical abundances derived from high-resolution Magellan /Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle spectra of the nine brightest known red giant members of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II (Ret II). These stars span the full metallicity range of Ret II (−3.5 < [Fe/H] < −2). Seven of the nine stars have extremely high levels of r -process material ([Eu/Fe] ∼ 1.7), in contrast to the extremely low neutron-capture element abundances found in every other ultra-faint dwarf galaxy studied to date. The other two stars are the most metal-poor stars in the system ([Fe/H] < −3), and they have neutron-capture elementmore » abundance limits similar to those in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. We confirm that the relative abundances of Sr, Y, and Zr in these stars are similar to those found in r -process halo stars, but they are ∼0.5 dex lower than the solar r -process pattern. If the universal r -process pattern extends to those elements, the stars in Ret II display the least contaminated known r -process pattern. The abundances of lighter elements up to the iron peak are otherwise similar to abundances of stars in the halo and in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. However, the scatter in abundance ratios is large enough to suggest that inhomogeneous metal mixing is required to explain the chemical evolution of this galaxy. The presence of low amounts of neutron-capture elements in other ultra-faint dwarf galaxies may imply the existence of additional r -process sites besides the source of r -process elements in Ret II. Galaxies like Ret II may be the original birth sites of r -process enhanced stars now found in the halo.« less

The Role of Angiotensin II/AT1 Receptor Signaling in Regulating Retinal Microglial Activation.

PubMed

Phipps, Joanna A; Vessey, Kirstan A; Brandli, Alice; Nag, Nupur; Tran, Mai X; Jobling, Andrew I; Fletcher, Erica L

2018-01-01

This study explored whether the proangiogenic factor Angiotensin II (AngII) had a direct effect on the activation state of microglia via the Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1-R). Microglial dynamic activity was investigated in live retinal flatmounts from adult Cx3Cr1+/GFP mice under control, AngII (5 μM) or AngII (5 μM) + candesartan (0.227 μM) conditions. The effects of intravitreal administration of AngII (10 mM) were also investigated at 24 hours, with retinae processed for immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, or inflammatory quantitative PCR arrays. We found FACS isolated retinal microglia expressed AT1-R. In retinal flatmounts, microglia showed characteristic movement of processes under control conditions. Perfusion of AngII induced an immediate change in process length (-42%, P < 0.05) and activation state of microglia that was ameliorated by AT1-R blockade, suggesting a direct effect of AngII on microglia via the AT1-R. Intravitreal injection of AngII induced microglial activation after 24 hours, which was characterized by increased soma size (23%, P < 0.001) and decreased process length (20%, P < 0.05). Further analysis indicated a significant decrease in the number of microglial contacts with retinal neurons (saline 15.6 ± 2.31 versus AngII 7.8 ± 1.06, P < 0.05). Retinal cytokine and chemokine expression was modulated, indicative of an inflammatory retinal phenotype. We show that retinal microglia express AT1-R and their activation state is significantly altered by the angiogenic factor, AngII. Specifically, AngII may directly activate AT1-Rs on microglia and contribute to retinal inflammation. This may have implications for diseases like diabetic retinopathy where increases in AngII and inflammation have been shown to play an important role.

A Comparison of Visual and Auditory Processing Tests on the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, Revised and the Learning Efficiency Test-II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolen, L. M.; Kimball, D. J.; Hall, C. W.; Webster, R. E.

1997-01-01

Compares the visual and auditory processing factors of the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, Revised (WJR COG) and the visual and auditory memory factors of the Learning Efficiency Test, II (LET-II) among 120 college students. Results indicate two significant performance differences between the WJR COG and LET-II. (RJM)

Design, development, and application of LANDIS-II, a spatial landscape simulation model with flexible temporal and spatial resolution

Treesearch

Robert M. Scheller; James B. Domingo; Brian R. Sturtevant; Jeremy S. Williams; Arnold Rudy; Eric J. Gustafson; David J. Mladenoff

2007-01-01

We introduce LANDIS-II, a landscape model designed to simulate forest succession and disturbances. LANDIS-II builds upon and preserves the functionality of previous LANDIS forest landscape simulation models. LANDIS-II is distinguished by the inclusion of variable time steps for different ecological processes; our use of a rigorous development and testing process used...

High removal efficacy of Hg(II) and MeHg(II) ions from aqueous solution by organoalkoxysilane-grafted lignocellulosic waste biomass.

PubMed

Saman, Norasikin; Johari, Khairiraihanna; Song, Shiow-Tien; Kong, Helen; Cheu, Siew-Chin; Mat, Hanapi

2017-03-01

An effective organoalkoxysilanes-grafted lignocellulosic waste biomass (OS-LWB) adsorbent aiming for high removal towards inorganic and organic mercury (Hg(II) and MeHg(II)) ions was prepared. Organoalkoxysilanes (OS) namely mercaptoproyltriethoxylsilane (MPTES), aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES), aminoethylaminopropyltriethoxylsilane (AEPTES), bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (BTESPT), methacrylopropyltrimethoxylsilane (MPS) and ureidopropyltriethoxylsilane (URS) were grafted onto the LWB using the same conditions. The MPTES grafted lignocellulosic waste biomass (MPTES-LWB) showed the highest adsorption capacity towards both mercury ions. The adsorption behavior of inorganic and organic mercury ions (Hg(II) and MeHg(II)) in batch adsorption studies shows that it was independent with pH of the solutions and dependent on initial concentration, temperature and contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity of Hg(II) was greater than MeHg(II) which respectively followed the Temkin and Langmuir models. The kinetic data analysis showed that the adsorptions of Hg(II) and MeHg(II) onto MPTES-LWB were respectively controlled by the physical process of film diffusion and the chemical process of physisorption interactions. The overall mechanism of Hg(II) and MeHg(II) adsorption was a combination of diffusion and chemical interaction mechanisms. Regeneration results were very encouraging especially for the Hg(II); this therefore further demonstrated the potential application of organosilane-grafted lignocellulosic waste biomass as low-cost adsorbents for mercury removal process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geometric correction of synchronous scanned Operational Modular Imaging Spectrometer II hyperspectral remote sensing images using spatial positioning data of an inertial navigation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xiaohu; Neubauer, Franz; Zhao, Dong; Xu, Shichao

2015-01-01

The high-precision geometric correction of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing image processing was a hard nut to crack, and conventional methods of remote sensing image processing by selecting ground control points to correct the images are not suitable in the correction process of airborne hyperspectral image. The optical scanning system of an inertial measurement unit combined with differential global positioning system (IMU/DGPS) is introduced to correct the synchronous scanned Operational Modular Imaging Spectrometer II (OMIS II) hyperspectral remote sensing images. Posture parameters, which were synchronized with the OMIS II, were first obtained from the IMU/DGPS. Second, coordinate conversion and flight attitude parameters' calculations were conducted. Third, according to the imaging principle of OMIS II, mathematical correction was applied and the corrected image pixels were resampled. Then, better image processing results were achieved.

Coupling mRNA processing with transcription in time and space

PubMed Central

Bentley, David L.

2015-01-01

Maturation of mRNA precursors often occurs simultaneously with their synthesis by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The co-transcriptional nature of mRNA processing has permitted the evolution of coupling mechanisms that coordinate transcription with mRNA capping, splicing, editing and 3′ end formation. Recent experiments using sophisticated new methods for analysis of nascent RNA have provided important insights into the relative amount of co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional processing, the relationship between mRNA elongation and processing, and the role of the Pol II carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) in regulating these processes. PMID:24514444

Zn(II)-coordination modulated ligand photophysical processes – the development of fluorescent indicators for imaging biological Zn(II) ions

PubMed Central

Yuan, Zhao; Simmons, J. Tyler; Sreenath, Kesavapillai

2014-01-01

Molecular photophysics and metal coordination chemistry are the two fundamental pillars that support the development of fluorescent cation indicators. In this article, we describe how Zn(II)-coordination alters various ligand-centered photophysical processes that are pertinent to developing Zn(II) indicators. The main aim is to show how small organic Zn(II) indicators work under the constraints of specific requirements, including Zn(II) detection range, photophysical requirements such as excitation energy and emission color, temporal and spatial resolutions in a heterogeneous intracellular environment, and fluorescence response selectivity between similar cations such as Zn(II) and Cd(II). In the last section, the biological questions that fluorescent Zn(II) indicators help to answer are described, which have been motivating and challenging this field of research. PMID:25071933

Myosin II Motors and F-Actin Dynamics Drive the Coordinated Movement of the Centrosome and Soma during CNS Glial-Guided Neuronal Migration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Solecki, Dr. David; Trivedi, Dr. Niraj; Govek, Eve-Ellen

2009-01-01

Lamination of cortical regions of the vertebrate brain depends on glial-guided neuronal migration. The conserved polarity protein Par6{alpha} localizes to the centrosome and coordinates forward movement of the centrosome and soma in migrating neurons. The cytoskeletal components that produce this unique form of cell polarity and their relationship to polarity signaling cascades are unknown. We show that F-actin and Myosin II motors are enriched in the neuronal leading process and that Myosin II activity is necessary for leading process actin dynamics. Inhibition of Myosin II decreased the speed of centrosome and somal movement, whereas Myosin II activation increased coordinated movement.more » Ectopic expression or silencing of Par6{alpha} inhibited Myosin II motors by decreasing Myosin light-chain phosphorylation. These findings suggest leading-process Myosin II may function to 'pull' the centrosome and soma forward during glial-guided migration by a mechanism involving the conserved polarity protein Par6{alpha}.« less

Insertion and assembly of the precursor of subunit II into the photosystem I complex may precede its processing.

PubMed Central

Cohen, Y; Steppuhn, J; Herrmann, R G; Yalovsky, S; Nechushtai, R

1992-01-01

The biogenesis and assembly of subunit II of photosystem I (PSI) (psaD gene product) were studied and characterized. The precursor and the mature form were produced in vitro and incubated with intact plastids or isolated thylakoids. Following import of the precursor into isolated plastids, mostly the mature form of subunit II was found in the thylakoids. However, when the processing activity was inhibited only the precursor form was present in the membranes. The precursor was processed by a stromal peptidase and processing could occur before or after insertion of the precursor into the thylakoids. Following insertion into isolated thylakoids, both the precursor and the mature form of subunit II were confined to the PSI complex. Insertion of the mature form of subunit II was much less efficient than that of the precursor. Kinetic studies showed that the precursor was inserted into the membrane. Only at a later stage, the mature form began to accumulate. These results suggest that in vivo the precursor of subunit II is inserted and embedded in the thylakoids, as part of the PSI complex. Only later, it is processed to the mature form through the action of a stromal peptidase. Images PMID:1740118

Production of biogenic manganese oxides coupled with methane oxidation in a bioreactor for removing metals from wastewater.

PubMed

Matsushita, Shuji; Komizo, Daisuke; Cao, Linh Thi Thuy; Aoi, Yoshiteru; Kindaichi, Tomonori; Ozaki, Noriatsu; Imachi, Hiroyuki; Ohashi, Akiyoshi

2018-03-01

Biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnO x ) can efficiently adsorb various minor metals. The production of BioMnO x in reactors to remove metals during wastewater treatment processes is a promising biotechnological method. However, it is difficult to preferentially enrich manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) to produce BioMnO x during wastewater treatment processes. A unique method of cultivating MnOB using methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) to produce soluble microbial products is proposed here. MnOB were successfully enriched in a methane-fed reactor containing MOB. BioMnO x production during the wastewater treatment process was confirmed. Long-term continual operation of the reactor allowed simultaneous removal of Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The Co(II)/Mn(II) and Ni(II)/Mn(II) removal ratios were 53% and 19%, respectively. The degree to which Mn(II) was removed indicated that the enriched MnOB used utilization-associated products and/or biomass-associated products. Microbial community analysis revealed that methanol-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the Hyphomicrobiaceae family played important roles in the oxidation of Mn(II) by using utilization-associated products. Methane-oxidizing bacteria were found to be inhibited by MnO 2 , but the maximum Mn(II) removal rate was 0.49 kg m -3  d -1 . Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Effect of angiotensin II depot administration on bioelectric functional processes of the central nervous system].

PubMed

Martin, G; Baumann, H; Grieger, F

1976-01-01

Using the average evoked potential technique, angiotensin-II depot effects (1 mg implantate = 3--4 mg/kg body weight angiotensin-II) were studied neuroelectrophysiologically in reticular, hippocampal and neocrotical structures of albino rats. A multivariate variance and discriminance analysis program revealed differentiated changes of the bioelectrical processing data of the CNS. Evidence was obtained for a varying structural sensitivity of central-nervous substructures under depot administration of angiotensin-II. In later phases of angiotensin-II action, the hippocampus was characterized by an electrographic synchronization phenomenon with high-amplitude average evoked potentials. The reticular formation, and to a lesser extent the visual cortex, showed an angiotensin-induced diminution of bioelectrical excitation. However, the intensity of the change in functional CNS patterns did not always correlate with maximal blood pressure rises. The described changes of afference processing to standardized sensory stimuli, especially in hippocampal and reticular structures of the CNS foll owing angiotensin depot action, point to a central-nervous action mechanism of angiotensin-II.

The facile synthesis of a chitosan Cu(II) complex by solution plasma process and evaluation of their antioxidant activities.

PubMed

Ma, Fengming; Li, Pu; Zhang, Baiqing; Wang, Zhenyu

2017-10-01

Synthesis of chitosan-Cu(II) complex by solution plasma process (SPP) irradiation was investigated. The effects of the distance between the electrodes, initial Cu(II) concentration, and initial pH on the Cu(II) adsorption capacity were evaluated. The results showed that narrower distance between the electrodes, higher initial Cu(II) concentration and higher initial pH (at pH<6) were favourable for the adsorption capacity of Cu(II). Characterization of the chitosan-Cu(II) complex by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that the main structure of chitosan was not changed after irradiation. Thermogravimetry (TG) analysis indicated that Cu(II) ions were well incorporated into the chitosan. The antioxidant activity of the chitosan-Cu(II) complex was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays. The chitosan-Cu(II) complex exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the original chitosan. Thus, SPP could be used for preparation of chitosan-Cu(II) complexes. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Efficiency of a cleanup technology to remove mercury from natural waters by means of rice husk biowaste: ecotoxicological and chemical approach.

PubMed

Rocha, Luciana S; Lopes, I; Lopes, Cláudia B; Henriques, Bruno; Soares, Amadeu M V M; Duarte, Armando C; Pereira, Eduarda

2014-01-01

In the present work, the efficiency of rice husk to remove Hg(II) from river waters spiked with realistic environmental concentrations of this metal (μg L(-1) range) was evaluated. The residual levels of Hg(II) obtained after the remediation process were compared with the guideline values for effluents discharges and water for human consumption, and the ecotoxicological effects using organisms of different trophic levels were assessed. The rice husk sorbent proved to be useful in decreasing Hg(II) contamination in river waters, by reducing the levels of Hg(II) to values of ca. 8.0 and 34 μg L(-1), for an Hg(II) initial concentration of 50 and 500 μg L(-1), respectively. The remediation process with rice husk biowaste was extremely efficient in river waters spiked with lower levels of Hg(II), being able to eliminate the toxicity to the exposed organisms algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and ensure the total survival of Daphnia magna species. For concentrations of Hg(II) tenfold higher (500 μg L(-1)), the remediation process was not adequate in the detoxification process, still, the rice husk material was able to reduce considerably the toxicity to the bacteria Vibrio fischeri, algae P. subcapitata and rotifer B. calyciflorus, whose responses where fully inhibited during its exposure to the non-remediated river water. The use of a battery of bioassays with organisms from different trophic levels and whose sensitivity revealed to be different and dependent on the levels of Hg(II) contamination proved to be much more accurate in predicting the ecotoxicological hazard assessment of the detoxification process by means of rice husk biowaste.

The Dendritic Cell Major Histocompatibility Complex II (MHC II) Peptidome Derives from a Variety of Processing Pathways and Includes Peptides with a Broad Spectrum of HLA-DM Sensitivity*

PubMed Central

Clement, Cristina C.; Becerra, Aniuska; Yin, Liusong; Zolla, Valerio; Huang, Liling; Merlin, Simone; Follenzi, Antonia; Shaffer, Scott A.; Stern, Lawrence J.; Santambrogio, Laura

2016-01-01

The repertoire of peptides displayed in vivo by MHC II molecules derives from a wide spectrum of proteins produced by different cell types. Although intracellular endosomal processing in dendritic cells and B cells has been characterized for a few antigens, the overall range of processing pathways responsible for generating the MHC II peptidome are currently unclear. To determine the contribution of non-endosomal processing pathways, we eluted and sequenced over 3000 HLA-DR1-bound peptides presented in vivo by dendritic cells. The processing enzymes were identified by reference to a database of experimentally determined cleavage sites and experimentally validated for four epitopes derived from complement 3, collagen II, thymosin β4, and gelsolin. We determined that self-antigens processed by tissue-specific proteases, including complement, matrix metalloproteases, caspases, and granzymes, and carried by lymph, contribute significantly to the MHC II self-peptidome presented by conventional dendritic cells in vivo. Additionally, the presented peptides exhibited a wide spectrum of binding affinity and HLA-DM susceptibility. The results indicate that the HLA-DR1-restricted self-peptidome presented under physiological conditions derives from a variety of processing pathways. Non-endosomal processing enzymes add to the number of epitopes cleaved by cathepsins, altogether generating a wider peptide repertoire. Taken together with HLA-DM-dependent and-independent loading pathways, this ensures that a broad self-peptidome is presented by dendritic cells. This work brings attention to the role of “self-recognition” as a dynamic interaction between dendritic cells and the metabolic/catabolic activities ongoing in every parenchymal organ as part of tissue growth, remodeling, and physiological apoptosis. PMID:26740625

40 CFR 63.764 - General standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) For each glycol dehydration unit process vent... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The owner or operator shall... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The monitoring requirements...

40 CFR 63.764 - General standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) For each glycol dehydration unit process vent... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The owner or operator shall... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The monitoring requirements...

40 CFR 63.764 - General standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) For each glycol dehydration unit process vent... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The owner or operator shall... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The monitoring requirements...

40 CFR 63.764 - General standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) For each glycol dehydration unit process vent... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The owner or operator shall... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The monitoring requirements...

40 CFR 63.764 - General standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section. (1) For each glycol dehydration unit process vent... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The owner or operator shall... requirements for glycol dehydration unit process vents specified in § 63.765; (ii) The monitoring requirements...

Information Processing Techniques Program. Volume II. Communications- Adaptive Internetting

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-30

LABORATORY INFORMATION PROCESSING TECHNIQUES PROGRAM VOLUME II: COMMUNICATIONS-ADAPTIVE INTERNETTING I SEMIANNUAL TECHNICAL SUMMARY REPORT TO THE...MASSACHUSETTS ABSTRACT This repori describes work performed on the Communications-Adaptive Internetting program sponsored by the Information ... information processing techniques network speech terminal communicatlons-adaptive internetting 04 links digital voice communications time-varying

Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) Deskbook

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-09-01

be certified as being compliant with the FMEA by the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) (USD(C)). B.3 A COMMENT ON THE TRA PROCESS The Interim...I-2 1.4 Acquisition Process Overview...II-6 2.2.3 Processing the TRA Results .......................................................... II-6 2.3 Component Acquisition Executive (CAE

Feasibility of processing the experimental breeder reactor-II driver fuel from the Idaho National Laboratory through Savannah River Site's H-Canyon facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Magoulas, V. E.

Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to evaluate the potential to receive and process the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) uranium (U) recovered from the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) driver fuel through the Savannah River Site’s (SRS) H-Canyon as a way to disposition the material. INL recovers the uranium from the sodium bonded metallic fuel irradiated in the EBR-II reactor using an electrorefining process. There were two compositions of EBR-II driver fuel. The early generation fuel was U-5Fs, which consisted of 95% U metal alloyed with 5% noble metal elements “fissium” (2.5% molybdenum, 2.0% ruthenium, 0.3% rhodium, 0.1% palladium,more » and 0.1% zirconium), while the later generation was U-10Zr which was 90% U metal alloyed with 10% zirconium. A potential concern during the H-Canyon nitric acid dissolution process of the U metal containing zirconium (Zr) is the explosive behavior that has been reported for alloys of these materials. For this reason, this evaluation was focused on the ability to process the lower Zr content materials, the U-5Fs material.« less

Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by black carrot (Daucus carota L.) residues.

PubMed

Güzel, Fuat; Yakut, Hakan; Topal, Giray

2008-05-30

In this study, the effect of temperature on the adsorption of Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by modified carrot residues (MCR) was investigated. The equilibrium contact times of adsorption process for each heavy metals-MCR systems were determined. Kinetic data obtained for each heavy metal by MCR at different temperatures were applied to the Lagergren equation, and adsorption rate constants (kads) at these temperatures were determined. These rate constants related to the adsorption of heavy metal by MCR were applied to the Arrhenius equation, and activation energies (Ea) were determined. In addition, the isotherms for adsorption of each heavy metal by MCR at different temperatures were also determined. These isothermal data were applied to linear forms of isotherm equations that they fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the Langmuir constants (qm and b) were calculated. b constants determined at different temperatures were applied to thermodynamic equations, and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (Delta H), free energy (Delta G), and entropy (Delta S) were calculated and these values show that adsorption of heavy metal on MCR was an endothermic process and process of adsorption was favoured at high temperatures.

TQM in a test environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chambers, Gary D.; King, Elizabeth A.; Oleson, Keith

1992-01-01

In response to the changing aerospace economic climate, Martin Marietta Astronautics Group (MMAG) has adopted a Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy to maintain a competitive edge. TQM emphasizes continuous improvement of processes, motivation to improve from within, cross-functional involvement, people empowerment, customer satisfaction, and modern process control techniques. The four major initiatives of TQM are Product Excellence, Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II), People Empowerment, and Subcontract Management. The Defense Space and Communications (DS&C) Test Lab's definition and implementation of the MRP II and people empowerment initiatives within TQM are discussed. The application of MRP II to environmental test planning and operations processes required a new and innovative approach. In an 18 month span, the test labs implemented MRP II and people empowerment and achieved a Class 'A' operational status. This resulted in numerous benefits, both tangible and intangible, including significant cost savings and improved quality of life. A detailed description of the implementation process and results are addressed.

TQM in a test environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chambers, Gary D.; King, Elizabeth A.; Oleson, Keith

1992-11-01

In response to the changing aerospace economic climate, Martin Marietta Astronautics Group (MMAG) has adopted a Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy to maintain a competitive edge. TQM emphasizes continuous improvement of processes, motivation to improve from within, cross-functional involvement, people empowerment, customer satisfaction, and modern process control techniques. The four major initiatives of TQM are Product Excellence, Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II), People Empowerment, and Subcontract Management. The Defense Space and Communications (DS&C) Test Lab's definition and implementation of the MRP II and people empowerment initiatives within TQM are discussed. The application of MRP II to environmental test planning and operations processes required a new and innovative approach. In an 18 month span, the test labs implemented MRP II and people empowerment and achieved a Class 'A' operational status. This resulted in numerous benefits, both tangible and intangible, including significant cost savings and improved quality of life. A detailed description of the implementation process and results are addressed.

77 FR 47573 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Mississippi; 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) Infrastructure...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-09

... Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), on July 13, 2012, for parallel processing. This... of Contents I. What is parallel processing? II. Background III. What elements are required under... Executive Order Reviews I. What is parallel processing? Consistent with EPA regulations found at 40 CFR Part...

Advanced Information Processing. Volume II. Instructor's Materials. Curriculum Improvement Project. Region II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanford, Linda

This course curriculum is intended for use by community college insructors and administrators in implementing an advanced information processing course. It builds on the skills developed in the previous information processing course but goes one step further by requiring students to perform in a simulated office environment and improve their…

40 CFR 63.1260 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... process vents as required in § 63.1257(d)(2)(ii). (6) Data and other information supporting the determination of annual average concentrations by process simulation as required in § 63.1257(e)(1)(ii). (7... must be performed while a process with a vent subject to § 63.1254(a)(3) will be operating. (g...

Effects of metal-soil contact time on the extraction of mercury from soils.

PubMed

Ma, Lan; Zhong, Huan; Wu, Yong-Gui

2015-03-01

To investigate the mercury aging process in soils, soil samples were spiked with inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) or methylated mercury (MeHg) and incubated for 2, 7, 14 or 28 days in the laboratory. Potential availability of mercury, assessed by bovine serum albumin (BSA) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) extraction, decreased by 2-19 times for Hg(II) or 2-6 times for MeHg, when the contact time increased from 2 to 28 days. Decreased Hg(II) extraction could be explained by Hg(II) geochemical fractionation, i.e., Hg(II) migrated from more mobile fractions (water soluble and stomach acid soluble fractions) to refractory ones (organo-complexed, strongly complexed and residual fractions) over time, resulting in more stable association of Hg(II) with soils. In addition, decrease of mercury extraction was more evident in soils with lower organic content in most treatments, suggesting that organic matter may potentially play an important role in mercury aging process. In view of the significant decreased Hg(II) or MeHg extraction with prolonged contact time, mercury aging process should be taken into account when assessing risk of mercury in contaminated soils.

IUE observations of stars in the neighborhood of the Lambda Orionis nebula

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergoffen, Martin J.; Van Buren, Dave

1988-01-01

Results are presented from an IUE archive study of five stars along the line of sight towards the Lambda Ori H II region. H I, Fe II, Si II, and Mn II column densities have been found using a profile-fitting technique for H I and the curve-of-growth method for the ions. HD 36861 and HD 36822 lie at or near the center of the H II region, while HD 35468 and HD 37490 are imbedded in the dense neutral shell surrounding the H II region. HD 38899 is a foreground star. The depletion factors in the gas of this nebula are indicative of some shock processing of the material along these lines of sight. This processing probably occurred in the early stages of the nebula's evolution.

RNA Polymerase II Elongation Control

PubMed Central

Zhou, Qiang; Li, Tiandao; Price, David H.

2014-01-01

Regulation of the elongation phase of transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is utilized extensively to generate the pattern of mRNAs needed to specify cell types and to respond to environmental changes. After Pol II initiates, negative elongation factors cause it to pause in a promoter proximal position. These polymerases are poised to respond to the positive transcription elongation factor, P-TEFb, and then enter productive elongation only under the appropriate set of signals to generate full length properly processed mRNAs. Recent global analyses of Pol II and elongation factors, mechanisms that regulate P-TEFb involving the 7SK snRNP, factors that control both the negative and positive elongation properties of Pol II and the mRNA processing events that are coupled with elongation are discussed. PMID:22404626

A Photo Storm Report Mobile Application, Processing/Distribution System, and AWIPS-II Display Concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longmore, S. P.; Bikos, D.; Szoke, E.; Miller, S. D.; Brummer, R.; Lindsey, D. T.; Hillger, D.

2014-12-01

The increasing use of mobile phones equipped with digital cameras and the ability to post images and information to the Internet in real-time has significantly improved the ability to report events almost instantaneously. In the context of severe weather reports, a representative digital image conveys significantly more information than a simple text or phone relayed report to a weather forecaster issuing severe weather warnings. It also allows the forecaster to reasonably discern the validity and quality of a storm report. Posting geo-located, time stamped storm report photographs utilizing a mobile phone application to NWS social media weather forecast office pages has generated recent positive feedback from forecasters. Building upon this feedback, this discussion advances the concept, development, and implementation of a formalized Photo Storm Report (PSR) mobile application, processing and distribution system and Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System II (AWIPS-II) plug-in display software.The PSR system would be composed of three core components: i) a mobile phone application, ii) a processing and distribution software and hardware system, and iii) AWIPS-II data, exchange and visualization plug-in software. i) The mobile phone application would allow web-registered users to send geo-location, view direction, and time stamped PSRs along with severe weather type and comments to the processing and distribution servers. ii) The servers would receive PSRs, convert images and information to NWS network bandwidth manageable sizes in an AWIPS-II data format, distribute them on the NWS data communications network, and archive the original PSRs for possible future research datasets. iii) The AWIPS-II data and exchange plug-ins would archive PSRs, and the visualization plug-in would display PSR locations, times and directions by hour, similar to surface observations. Hovering on individual PSRs would reveal photo thumbnails and clicking on them would display the full resolution photograph.Here, we present initial NWS forecaster feedback received from social media posted PSRs, motivating the possible advantages of PSRs within AWIPS-II, the details of developing and implementing a PSR system, and possible future applications beyond severe weather reports and AWIPS-II.

Definition of RNA Polymerase II CoTC Terminator Elements in the Human Genome

PubMed Central

Nojima, Takayuki; Dienstbier, Martin; Murphy, Shona; Proudfoot, Nicholas J.; Dye, Michael J.

2013-01-01

Summary Mammalian RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription termination is an essential step in protein-coding gene expression that is mediated by pre-mRNA processing activities and DNA-encoded terminator elements. Although much is known about the role of pre-mRNA processing in termination, our understanding of the characteristics and generality of terminator elements is limited. Whereas promoter databases list up to 40,000 known and potential Pol II promoter sequences, fewer than ten Pol II terminator sequences have been described. Using our knowledge of the human β-globin terminator mechanism, we have developed a selection strategy for mapping mammalian Pol II terminator elements. We report the identification of 78 cotranscriptional cleavage (CoTC)-type terminator elements at endogenous gene loci. The results of this analysis pave the way for the full understanding of Pol II termination pathways and their roles in gene expression. PMID:23562152

78 FR 39346 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-01

... collected, unless a Quote Exhaust has occurred, in which case the Quote Exhaust process in Rule 1082(a)(ii.... * * * * * Rule 1082 Firm Quotations (a)(i)-(ii)(B)(3)(g)(v) No change. (vi) If, after trading at the Phlx and/or... occurred, in which case the Quote Exhaust process in Rule 1082(a)(ii)(B)(3) will ensue,\\6\\ triggering a new...

Electrical Characterization of Signal Processing Microcircuit

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-04-01

Transistor Array 14 Liner Microcircuits Analog Switches Analog MUX Device Characterization Analog Multiplexer References nS report Covere tV Whe m ^~~ 11Ur...ity Assurance Branch of the Rome Air Development Center pertainIng to the electrical characterization and MIL- M -38510 specifi- cation of analog...PAGI ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING MICROCIRCUITS SECTION TITLE PAGE I Introduction I-i II Analog Multipliers, MIL- M -38510/139 II-i III

[Study on the extraction process and macroporous resin for purification of Timosaponin B II].

PubMed

Liu, Yan-Ping; Ding, Yue; Zhang, Tong; Wang, Bing; Cai, Zhen-Zhen; Tao, Jian-Sheng

2013-06-01

To optimize the extraction process and macroporous resin for purification of Timosaponin B II from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Orthogonal design L9 (34) was employed to optimize the circumfluence extraction conditions by taking the extraction yield of Timosaponin B II as index. The absorption-desorption characteristics of eight kinds of macroporous resins were evaluated, then the best resin was chosen to optimize the purification process conditions. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the herb was extracted for 2 times (2 hours each time) with 8.5-fold 50% ethanol at the first time and 6-fold 50% ethanol at the second time. HPD100 resin showed a good property for the absorption-desorption of Timosaponin B II. The optimum technological conditions of HPD100 resin were as follows:the solution concentration was 0.23 mg/mL, the amount of saturated adsorption at 4/5 body volumn (BV) resin, the HPD100 resin was washed with 3 BV water and 6 BV 20% ethanol solution to remove the impurity, then the Timosaponin B II was desorbed by 5 BV ethanol solution. The purity of Timosaponin B II was about 50%. The optimized extraction process and purification is stable, efficient and suitable for industrial production.

Emissions of Fe(II) and its kinetic of oxidation at Tagoro submarine volcano, El Hierro (Canary Islands)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González-Dávila, M.; Santana-González, C.; Santana-Casiano, J. M.

2017-12-01

The eruptive process that took place in October 2011 in the submarine volcano Tagoro off the Island of El Hierro (Canary Island) and the subsequent degasification stage, five months later, have increased the concentration of TdFe(II) (Total dissolved iron(II)) in the waters nearest to the volcanic edifice. In order to detect any variation in concentrations of TdFe(II) due to hydrothermal emissions, three cruises were carried out two years after the eruptive process in October 2013, March 2014, May 2015, March 2016 and November 2016. The results from these cruises confirmed important positive anomalies in TdFe(II), which coincided with negatives anomalies in pHF,is (pH in free scale, at in situ conditions) located in the proximity of the main cone. Maximum values in TdFe(II) both at the surface, associated to chlorophyll a maximum, and at the sea bottom, were also observed, showing the important influence of organic complexation and particle re-suspension processes. Temporal variability studies were carried out over periods ranging from hours to days in the stations located over the main and two secondary cones in the volcanic edifice with positive anomalies in TdFe(II) concentrations and negative anomalies in pHF,is values. Observations showed an important variability in both pHF,is and TdFe(II) concentrations, which indicated the volcanic area was affected by a degasification process that remained in the volcano after the eruptive phase had ceased. Fe(II) oxidation kinetic studies were also undertaken in order to analyze the effects of the seawater properties in the proximities of the volcano on the oxidation rate constants and t1/2 (half-life time) of ferrous iron. The increased TdFe(II) concentrations and the low associated pHF,is values acted as an important fertilization event in the seawater around the Tagoro volcano at the Island of El Hierro providing optimal conditions for the regeneration of the area.

Sorptive removal of nickel onto weathered basaltic andesite products: kinetics and isotherms.

PubMed

Shah, Bhavna A; Shah, Ajay V; Singh, Rajesh R; Patel, Nayan B

2009-07-15

The suitability of weathered basaltic andesite products (WBAP) as a potential sorbent was assessed for the removal of Ni (II) from electroplating industrial wastewater. A model study based on the batch mode of operation was carried out for Ni (II) removal from aqueous solution. The effect of various parameters such as hydronium ion concentration, shaking time, sorbent dose, initial Ni (II) concentration, and temperature on the sorption process was studied. At optimised conditions of the various parameters, the industrial wastewater loaded with Ni (II) was sorbed onto WBAP. Thermodynamic parameters for the sorption process were evaluated. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich isotherms were applied to the sorption pattern on the WBAP. The sorption dynamics of the process was evaluated by applying Lagergren, Bangham, and Weber & Morris equations. The sorption process follows Pseudo-second-order rate of surface diffusion which is identified as the predominating mechanism. The sorption process was found to be reversible by the recovery of sorbed Ni (II) upon extraction with 0.5 MHNO3. The sorbent before and after sorption, was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Powder X-Ray diffraction PXRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The change in surface morphology and crystallanity of the mineral after sorption was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on the previous model study, an electroplating industrial effluent was successfully treated with WBAP to minimize the pollution load caused by Ni (II).

Caltrans WeatherShare Phase II System: An Application of Systems and Software Engineering Process to Project Development

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-25

In cooperation with the California Department of Transportation, Montana State University's Western Transportation Institute has developed the WeatherShare Phase II system by applying Systems Engineering and Software Engineering processes. The system...

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of peripherally tetra 4-phenylthiazole-2-thiol substituted metal-free, zinc(II), copper(II) and cobalt(II) phthalocyanines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demirbaş, Ümit; Akçay, Hakkı Türker; Koca, Atıf; Kantekin, Halit

2017-08-01

In this study novel peripherally tetra 4-phenylthiazole-2-thiol substituted metal-free phthalocyanine (4) and its zinc(II) (5), copper(II) (6) and cobalt(II) (7) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by a combination of various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-vis and MALDI-TOF mass. Electrochemical characterizations of metallo-phthalocyanine complexes were conducted by voltammetric and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. CoIIPc went [CoIIPc-2]/[CoIPc-2]1-, [CoIPc-2]1-/[CoIPc-3]2-, [CoIPc-3]2-/[CoIPc-4]3- and [CoIIPc-2]/[CoIIPc-2]1+ reduction and oxidation processes respectively. Differently ZnIIPc only showed four ligand-based reductions and two ligand based oxidation processes.

The adsorption of silver on potassium cyanocobalt(II)ferrate(II).

PubMed

Wald, M; Soyka, W; Kaysser, B

1973-04-01

A procedure is described for recovering silver from industrial sewage (mining and photo-industry etc) with the aid of the ion-exchanger potassium cyanocobalt(II)ferrate(II) (KCFC). Silver is easily removed by simple mixing with KCFC, even from solutions containing less than 1 g of silver per ton of solution. The process is performed at room temperature at pH < 7. There is no interference from a 600-fold amount of Ca, Cu(II), Zn, Cd, Pb, and Fe(II). Pure silver may be obtained by dissolution of the ion-exchanger in potassium cyanide solution, subsequent precipitation as sulphide, and roasting, or by melting it out of the ion-exchanger after heat treatment in a high-frequency furnace. With 1 kg of KCFC, 1.25 kg of silver may be extracted from solution. The process is simple and economic.

Preserved MHC-II antigen processing and presentation function in chronic HCV infection

PubMed Central

DH, Canaday; CJ, Burant; L, Jones; H, Aung; L, Woc-Colburn; DD, Anthony

2010-01-01

Individuals with chronic HCV infection have impaired response to vaccine, though the etiology remains to be elucidated. Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes (MN) provide antigen uptake, processing, presentation, and costimulatory functions necessary to achieve optimal immune responses. The integrity of antigen processing and presentation function within these antigen presenting cells (APC) in the setting of HCV infection has been unclear. We used a novel T cell hybridoma system that specifically measures MHC-II antigen processing and presentation function of human APC. Results demonstrate MHC-II antigen processing and presentation function is preserved in both myeloid DC (mDC) and MN in the peripheral blood of chronically HCV-infected individuals, and indicates that an alteration in this function does not likely underlie the defective HCV-infected host response to vaccination. PMID:21055734

Elementary sulfur in effluent from denitrifying sulfide removal process as adsorbent for zinc(II).

PubMed

Chen, Chuan; Zhou, Xu; Wang, Aijie; Wu, Dong-hai; Liu, Li-hong; Ren, Nanqi; Lee, Duu-Jong

2012-10-01

The denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) process can simultaneously convert sulfide, nitrate and organic compounds into elementary sulfur (S(0)), di-nitrogen gas and carbon dioxide, respectively. However, the S(0) formed in the DSR process are micro-sized colloids with negatively charged surface, making isolation of S(0) colloids from other biological cells and metabolites difficult. This study proposed the use of S(0) in DSR effluent as a novel adsorbent for zinc removal from wastewaters. Batch and continuous tests were conducted for efficient zinc removal with S(0)-containing DSR effluent. At pH<7.5, removal rates of zinc(II) were increased with increasing pH. The formed S(0) colloids carried negative charge onto which zinc(II) ions could be adsorbed via electrostatic interactions. The zinc(II) adsorbed S(0) colloids further enhanced coagulation-sedimentation efficiency of suspended solids in DSR effluents. The DSR effluent presents a promising coagulant for zinc(II) containing wastewaters. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Delta II JPSS-1 First Stage Transport to SLC-1 for Processing

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-04-05

The first stage of United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket for the Joint Polar Satellite System, or JPSS-1, is transported from NASA Hangar 836 to the Horizontal Processing Facility, located at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.

Carbon Cycle Dynamics through the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum: Orbital Couplings to Lacustrine Cycling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosengard, S. Z.; Grogan, D. S.; Whiteside, J. H.; van Keuren, M.; Musher, D.

2010-12-01

The early Eocene represents the most recent hothouse climate state of Earth history, a period during which Earth’s surface temperatures warmed and reached a steady peak at the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), 53.5-50 Ma. Interspersed through the primary warming interval were several hyperthermals, or rapid peaks in surface temperature and pulses of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, followed by rapid declines, lasting 10^4 to 10^5 years. Various hypotheses have been offered to explain the climatic triggers during the hothouse interval, including changes in ocean circulation, methane release from hydrates, volcanism, and turnover of terrestrial organic matter, implicating various couplings and feedbacks in the global carbon cycle. The present study investigates the prevailing changes in carbon cycle dynamics that occurred during a specific subinterval of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. We sampled a carbon-rich 300-ft ( 1100 kyr) section of lacustrine Green River Formation sediments from the TOSCO core in the Uinta Basin at a one-foot resolution for organic carbon content and δ^{13}C. The compiled data comprise a high-resolution profile of total organic carbon and isotopic organic carbon composition through the section, showing cyclic patterns that we hypothesize reflect orbital signals. Bulk isotopic carbon and shale oil measurements from an earlier Fischer Assay across TOSCO’s entire 1030-ft core were then filtered using the expected frequency of a 23-kyr precession cycle. The overlaid cycles reveal δ^{13}C and oil content to be anti-phase through the 300-ft section, except for an interval of 50 feet (180 kyr) from the Mahogany Zone to the B-groove of the core, where the two measurements are in-phase. Given that shale oil, a proxy for lake primary productivity and carbon burial, and δ^{13}C typically correlate inversely, this short, 180-kyr interval of in-phase variation suggests a significant alteration in the local carbon cycle. These preliminary findings reveal a dynamic, inconstant coupling between precessional variations in solar insolation and the carbon cycle during the EECO. As the organic carbon profile fundamentally records ecosystem processes, this precession-carbon cycle coupling is likely modulated by ecological dynamics within the paleolake, such as changing trophic and community structure. Because precession-driven changes in solar insolation dominantly control hydrology and lake water balance, the lacustrine ecosystem response to such perturbations may have precipitated key shifts in the dynamics of carbon cycling through the most stable interval of Earth’s latest hothouse.

Adsorption of divalent metals to metal oxide nanoparicles: Competitive and temperature effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grover, Valerie Ann

The presence of metals in natural waters is becoming a critical environmental and public health concern. Emerging nanotechnology and the use of metal oxide nanoparticles has been identified as a potential remediation technique in removing metals from water. However, practical applications are still being explored to determine how to apply their unique chemical and physical properties for full scale remediation projects. This thesis investigates the sorption properties of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) to hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in single- and binary-adsorbate systems. Competitive sorption was evaluated in 1L batch binary-metal systems with 0.05g/L nano-hematite at pH 8.0 and pH 6.0. Results indicate that the presence of a secondary metal can affect the sorption process depending upon the molar ratios, such as increased or reduced adsorption. Thermodynamic properties were also studied in order to better understand the effects of temperature on equilibrium and kinetic adsorption capabilities. Understanding the thermodynamic properties can also give insight to determine if the sorption process is a physical, chemical or ion exchange reaction. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (DeltaH), entropy (DeltaS), and Gibbs free energy (DeltaG) were evaluated as a function of temperature, pH, and metal concentration. Results indicate that Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption to nano-hematite was an endothermic and physical adsorption process, while Zn(II) and Cd(II) adsorption was dependent upon the adsorbed concentration evaluated. However, metal adsorptions to nano-titanium dioxide were all found to be endothermic and physical adsorption processes; the spontaneity of metal adsorption was temperature dependent for both metal oxide nanoparticles.

40 CFR 63.2460 - What requirements must I meet for batch process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... (ii) When you conduct a performance test or design evaluation for a non-flare control device used to... paragraphs (c)(9)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section. The design evaluation option for small control devices...) of this section. (b) Group status. If a process has batch process vents, as defined in § 63.2550, you...

40 CFR 63.2460 - What requirements must I meet for batch process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... (ii) When you conduct a performance test or design evaluation for a non-flare control device used to... paragraphs (c)(9)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section. The design evaluation option for small control devices...) of this section. (b) Group status. If a process has batch process vents, as defined in § 63.2550, you...

40 CFR 63.2460 - What requirements must I meet for batch process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (ii) When you conduct a performance test or design evaluation for a non-flare control device used to... paragraphs (c)(9)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section. The design evaluation option for small control devices... (c) of this section. (b) Group status. If a process has batch process vents, as defined in § 63.2550...

40 CFR 63.2460 - What requirements must I meet for batch process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (ii) When you conduct a performance test or design evaluation for a non-flare control device used to... paragraphs (c)(9)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section. The design evaluation option for small control devices... (c) of this section. (b) Group status. If a process has batch process vents, as defined in § 63.2550...

40 CFR 63.2460 - What requirements must I meet for batch process vents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (ii) When you conduct a performance test or design evaluation for a non-flare control device used to... paragraphs (c)(9)(ii)(A) through (D) of this section. The design evaluation option for small control devices... (c) of this section. (b) Group status. If a process has batch process vents, as defined in § 63.2550...

40 CFR 63.115 - Process vent provisions-methods and procedures for process vent group determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 2 process vent definition of this subpart shall measure either total organic HAP or TOC... either TOC (minus methane and ethane) or organic HAP shall be calculated according to paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A) or (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section as applicable. (A) The TOC concentration (CTOC) is the sum of...

Cavity Processing and Preparation of 650 MHz Elliptical Cell Cavities for PIP-II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rowe, Allan; Chandrasekaran, Saravan Kumar; Grassellino, Anna

The PIP-II project at Fermilab requires fifteen 650 MHz SRF cryomodules as part of the 800 MeV LINAC that will provide a high intensity proton beam to the Fermilab neutrino program. A total of fifty-seven high-performance SRF cavities will populate the cryomodules and will operate in both pulsed and continuous wave modes. These cavities will be processed and prepared for performance testing utilizing adapted cavity processing infrastructure already in place at Fermilab and Argonne. The processing recipes implemented for these structures will incorporate state-of-the art processing and cleaning techniques developed for 1.3 GHz SRF cavities for the ILC, XFEL, andmore » LCLS-II projects. This paper describes the details of the processing recipes and associated chemistry, heat treatment, and cleanroom processes at the Fermilab and Argonne cavity processing facilities. This paper also presents single and multi-cell cavity test results with quality factors above 5·10¹⁰ and accelerating gradients above 30 MV/m.« less

New insights into North America-Pacific Plate boundary deformation from Lake Tahoe, Salton Sea and southern Baja California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brothers, Daniel Stephen

Five studies along the Pacific-North America (PA-NA) plate boundary offer new insights into continental margin processes, the development of the PA-NA tectonic margin and regional earthquake hazards. This research is based on the collection and analysis of several new marine geophysical and geological datasets. Two studies used seismic CHIRP surveys and sediment coring in Fallen Leaf Lake (FLL) and Lake Tahoe to constrain tectonic and geomorphic processes in the lakes, but also the slip-rate and earthquake history along the West Tahoe-Dollar Point Fault. CHIRP profiles image vertically offset and folded strata that record deformation associated with the most recent event (MRE). Radiocarbon dating of organic material extracted from piston cores constrain the age of the MRE to be between 4.1--4.5 k.y. B.P. Offset of Tioga aged glacial deposits yield a slip rate of 0.4--0.8 mm/yr. An ancillary study in FLL determined that submerged, in situ pine trees that date to between 900-1250 AD are related to a medieval megadrought in the Lake Tahoe Basin. The timing and severity of this event match medieval megadroughts observed in the western United States and in Europe. CHIRP profiles acquired in the Salton Sea, California provide new insights into the processes that control pull-apart basin development and earthquake hazards along the southernmost San Andreas Fault. Differential subsidence (>10 mm/yr) in the southern sea suggests the existence of northwest-dipping basin-bounding faults near the southern shoreline. In contrast to previous models, the rapid subsidence and fault architecture observed in the southern part of the sea are consistent with experimental models for pull-apart basins. Geophysical surveys imaged more than 15 ˜N15°E oriented faults, some of which have produced up to 10 events in the last 2-3 kyr. Potentially 2 of the last 5 events on the southern San Andreas Fault (SAF) were synchronous with rupture on offshore faults, but it appears that ruptures on three offshore faults are synchronous with Colorado River diversions into the basin. The final study was used coincident wide-angle seismic refraction and multichannel seismic reflection surveys that spanned the width of the of the southern Baja California (BC) Peninsula. The data provide insight into the spatial and temporal evolution of the BC microplate capture by the Pacific Plate. Seismic reflection profiles constrain the upper crustal structure and deformation history along fault zone on the western Baja margin and in the Gulf of California. Stratal divergence in two transtensional basins along the Magdalena Shelf records the onset of extension across the Tosco-Abreojos and Santa Margarita faults. We define an upper bound of 12 Ma on the age of the pre-rift sediments and an age of ˜8 Ma for the onset of extension. Tomographic imaging reveals a very heterogeneous upper crust and a narrow, high velocity zone that extends ˜40 km east of the paleotrench and is interpreted to be remnant oceanic crust.

The Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Industry Effluents Using Waste Biomass as Low-Cost Adsorbent: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Indhumathi, Ponnuswamy; Sathiyaraj, Subbaiyan; Koelmel, Jeremy P.; Shoba, Srinivasan U.; Jayabalakrishnan, Chinnasamy; Saravanabhavan, Munusamy

2018-05-01

The ability of green micro algae Chlorella vulgaris for biosorption of Cu(II) ions from an aqueous solution was studied. The biosorption process was affected by the solution pH, contact time, temperature and initial Cu(II) concentration. Experimental data were analyzed in terms of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra particle diffusion models. Results showed that the sorption process of Cu(II) ions followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The sorption data of Cu(II) ions are fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson isotherms, and the Temkin isotherm. The thermodynamic study shows the Cu(II) biosorption was exothermic in nature. The Cu(II) ions were recovered effectively from Chlorella vulgaris biomass using 0.1 M H2SO4 with up to 90.3% recovery, allowing for recycling of the Cu. Green algae from freshwater bodies showed significant potential for Cu(II) removal and recovery from industrial wastewater.

Definition of RNA polymerase II CoTC terminator elements in the human genome.

PubMed

Nojima, Takayuki; Dienstbier, Martin; Murphy, Shona; Proudfoot, Nicholas J; Dye, Michael J

2013-04-25

Mammalian RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription termination is an essential step in protein-coding gene expression that is mediated by pre-mRNA processing activities and DNA-encoded terminator elements. Although much is known about the role of pre-mRNA processing in termination, our understanding of the characteristics and generality of terminator elements is limited. Whereas promoter databases list up to 40,000 known and potential Pol II promoter sequences, fewer than ten Pol II terminator sequences have been described. Using our knowledge of the human β-globin terminator mechanism, we have developed a selection strategy for mapping mammalian Pol II terminator elements. We report the identification of 78 cotranscriptional cleavage (CoTC)-type terminator elements at endogenous gene loci. The results of this analysis pave the way for the full understanding of Pol II termination pathways and their roles in gene expression. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influenza Virus Mounts a Two-Pronged Attack on Host RNA Polymerase II Transcription.

PubMed

Bauer, David L V; Tellier, Michael; Martínez-Alonso, Mónica; Nojima, Takayuki; Proudfoot, Nick J; Murphy, Shona; Fodor, Ervin

2018-05-15

Influenza virus intimately associates with host RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and mRNA processing machinery. Here, we use mammalian native elongating transcript sequencing (mNET-seq) to examine Pol II behavior during viral infection. We show that influenza virus executes a two-pronged attack on host transcription. First, viral infection causes decreased Pol II gene occupancy downstream of transcription start sites. Second, virus-induced cellular stress leads to a catastrophic failure of Pol II termination at poly(A) sites, with transcription often continuing for tens of kilobases. Defective Pol II termination occurs independently of the ability of the viral NS1 protein to interfere with host mRNA processing. Instead, this termination defect is a common effect of diverse cellular stresses and underlies the production of previously reported downstream-of-gene transcripts (DoGs). Our work has implications for understanding not only host-virus interactions but also fundamental aspects of mammalian transcription. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Employability Planning Process. STIP II (Skill Training Improvement Programs Round II).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Los Angeles Community Coll. District, CA.

Four reports are presented detailing procedures for improving the employability of students enrolled in the Los Angeles Community College District's Skill Training Improvement Programs (STIP II). Each report was submitted by one of the four STIP II programs: Los Angeles Southwest College's program for computer programming; the programs for…

Acute and persistent toxicity of Cd(II) to the microbial community of Anammox process.

PubMed

Zhang, Xiaojing; Chen, Zhao; Ma, Yongpeng; Zhao, Jianguo; Chen, Tao; Fu, Haoqiang; Zhai, Hanfei

2018-08-01

In this study, the short- and long-term effects of Cd(II) on the bioactivity, nitrogen removal and microbial community of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process were investigated by step-wise increasing Cd(II). The self-recovery ability of Anammox was also studied after long-term exposure in Cd(II). The bioactivity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) within short-term exposure of Cd(II) were detected by batch experiments. Results showed that Cd(II) had both acute and persistent toxicity to Anammox, the IC 50 in short-term exposure was calculated as 5.43 mg L -1 . Long-term exposure led to the microbial diversity increase, as well as the relative abundance decrease of AAOB in Anammox system. AAOB was continuously suppressed by Cd(II) in 1-20 mg L -1 , while it had self-adaption to Cd(II) in 1-10 mg L -1 . Anammox biofilm showed prominent adsorbing ability for cadmium, and the cadmium in biofilm was the key factor affecting Anammox. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How to unlock the benefits of MRP (materiel requirements planning) II and Just-in-Time.

PubMed

Jacobi, M A

1994-05-01

Manufacturing companies need to use the best and most applicable parts of MRP II and JIT to run their businesses effectively. MRP II provides the methodology to plan and control the total resources of the company and focuses on the processes that add value to their customers' products. It is the cornerstone of total quality management, as it reduces the variability and costly activities in the communication and subsequent execution of the required steps from customer order to shipment. JIT focuses on simplifying the total business operation and execution of business processes. MRP II and JIT are the foundations for successful manufacturing businesses.

Effects of RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Histone Methyltransferases on the Sex-Specific mRNA Expression of Imp in the Silkworm Bombyx mori

PubMed Central

Suzuki, Masataka G.; Ito, Haruka; Aoki, Fugaku

2014-01-01

Sexual differentiation in Bombyx mori is controlled by sex-specific splicing of Bmdsx, which results in the omission of exons 3 and 4 in a male-specific manner. In B. mori, insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein (Imp) is a male-specific factor involved in male-specific splicing of Bmdsx. Male-specific Imp mRNA results from the male-specific inclusion of exon 8. To verify the link between histone methylation and alternative RNA processing in Imp, we examined the effects of RNAi-mediated knockdown of several histone methyltransferases on the sex-specific mRNA expression of Imp. As a result, male-specific expression of Imp mRNA was completely abolished when expression of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L was repressed to <10% of that in control males. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR analysis revealed a higher distribution of H3K79me2 in normal males than in normal females across Imp. RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) processivity assays indicated that RNAi knockdown of DOT1L in males caused a twofold decrease in RNAP II processivity compared to that in control males, with almost equivalent levels to those observed in normal females. Inhibition of RNAP II-mediated elongation in male cells repressed the male-specific splicing of Imp. Our data suggest the possibility that H3K79me2 accumulation along Imp is associated with the male-specific alternative processing of Imp mRNA that results from increased RNAP II processivity. PMID:24758924

Medical devices; hematology and pathology devices; classification of cord blood processing system and storage container. Final rule.

PubMed

2007-02-01

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying a cord blood processing system and storage container into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to this device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Cord Blood Processing System and Storage Container." FDA is classifying this device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of this device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of the guidance document that will serve as the special control for this device.

Eruptive Dynamics Inferred from Textural Analysis of Ash Time Series: The 2015 Reawakening of Cotopaxi Volcano

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaunt, H. E.; Bernard, B.; Hidalgo, S.; Proaño, A.; Wright, H. M. N.; Mothes, P. A.; Criollo, E.

2016-12-01

The eruptive process that took place in October 2011 in the submarine volcano Tagoro off the Island of El Hierro (Canary Island) and the subsequent degasification stage, five months later, have increased the concentration of TdFe(II) (Total dissolved iron(II)) in the waters nearest to the volcanic edifice. In order to detect any variation in concentrations of TdFe(II) due to hydrothermal emissions, three cruises were carried out two years after the eruptive process in October 2013, March 2014, May 2015, March 2016 and November 2016. The results from these cruises confirmed important positive anomalies in TdFe(II), which coincided with negatives anomalies in pHF,is (pH in free scale, at in situ conditions) located in the proximity of the main cone. Maximum values in TdFe(II) both at the surface, associated to chlorophyll a maximum, and at the sea bottom, were also observed, showing the important influence of organic complexation and particle re-suspension processes. Temporal variability studies were carried out over periods ranging from hours to days in the stations located over the main and two secondary cones in the volcanic edifice with positive anomalies in TdFe(II) concentrations and negative anomalies in pHF,is values. Observations showed an important variability in both pHF,is and TdFe(II) concentrations, which indicated the volcanic area was affected by a degasification process that remained in the volcano after the eruptive phase had ceased. Fe(II) oxidation kinetic studies were also undertaken in order to analyze the effects of the seawater properties in the proximities of the volcano on the oxidation rate constants and t1/2 (half-life time) of ferrous iron. The increased TdFe(II) concentrations and the low associated pHF,is values acted as an important fertilization event in the seawater around the Tagoro volcano at the Island of El Hierro providing optimal conditions for the regeneration of the area.

Incorporating INTERACT II Clinical Decision Support Tools into Nursing Home Health Information Technology

PubMed Central

Handler, Steven M.; Sharkey, Siobhan S.; Hudak, Sandra; Ouslander, Joseph G.

2012-01-01

A substantial reduction in hospitalization rates has been associated with the implementation of the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) quality improvement intervention using the accompanying paper-based clinical practice tools (INTERACT II). There is significant potential to further increase the impact of INTERACT by integrating INTERACT II tools into nursing home (NH) health information technology (HIT) via standalone or integrated clinical decision support (CDS) systems. This article highlights the process of translating INTERACT II tools from paper to NH HIT. The authors believe that widespread dissemination and integration of INTERACT II CDS tools into various NH HIT products could lead to sustainable improvement in resident and clinician process and outcome measures, including enhanced interclinician communication and a reduction in potentially avoidable hospitalizations. PMID:22267955

Evaluation of Sorption Mechanism of Pb (II) and Ni (II) onto Pea (Pisum sativum) Peels.

PubMed

Haq, Atta Ul; Saeed, Muhammad; Anjum, Salma; Bokhari, Tanveer Hussain; Usman, Muhammad; Tubbsum, Saiqa

2017-07-01

The present study was carried out to know the sorption mechanism of Pb (II) and Ni (II) in aqueous solution using pea peels under the influence of sorbent dose, pH, temperature, initial metal ion concentration and contact time. SEM and FTIR were used for characterization of pea peels. The study showed that solution pH affects sorption process and the optimum pH for Pb (II) was 6.0 while for that of Ni (II) was 7.0. Pseudo-second order kinetic model was found to be the most suitable one to explain the kinetic data not only due to high value of R 2 (>0.99) but also due to the closeness of the experimental sorption capacity values to that of calculated sorption capacity values of pseudo second order kinetic model. It can be seen from the results that Freundlich isotherm explains well the equilibrium data (R 2 >0.99). Sorption capacity of pea peels was 140.84 and 32.36 for Pb (II) and Ni (II) mg g -1 respectively. The positive value of ΔH° and negative values of ΔG° suggest that sorption of Pb (II) and Ni (II) onto pea peels is an endothermic and spontaneous process respectively.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALABLE, LOW-COST, ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS OF EMERGING CONCERN (CECS) - PHASE II

EPA Science Inventory

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will employ the large scale; highly reliable boron-doped ultrananocrystalline diamond (BD-UNCD®) electrodes developed during Phase I project to build and test Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation process (EAOP)...

Development of DHQ II Nutrient & Food Group Database | EGRP/DCCPS/NCI/NIH

Cancer.gov

Links to publications describing methods used to create values for the Diet History Questionnaire II (DHQ II) database using NHANES data and the addition of nutrients from the University of Minnesota’s Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The process used to create the Canadian DHQ II database is also described.

Evidence of CuI/CuII Redox Process by X-ray Absorption and EPR Spectroscopy: Direct Synthesis of Dihydrofurans from b-Ketocarbonyl Derivatives and Olefins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yi, Hong; Liao, Zhixiong; Zhang, Guanghui

Abstract: The CuI/CuII and CuI/CuIII catalytic cycles have been subject to intense debate in the field of copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions. A mechanistic study on the CuI/CuII redox process, by X-ray absorption (XAS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, has elucidated the reduction mechanism of CuII to CuI by 1,3-diketone and detailed investigation revealed that the halide ion is important for the reduction process. The oxidative nature of the thereby-formed CuI has also been studied by XAS and EPR spectroscopy. This mechanistic information is applicable to the copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of b-ketocarbonyl derivatives to dihydrofurans. This protocol provides an idealmore » route to highly substituted dihydrofuran rings from easily available 1,3-dicarbonyls and olefins. Copper« less

Effect of aniline on cadmium adsorption by sulfanilic acid-grafted magnetic graphene oxide sheets.

PubMed

Hu, Xin-jiang; Liu, Yun-guo; Zeng, Guang-ming; Wang, Hui; Hu, Xi; Chen, An-wei; Wang, Ya-qin; Guo, Yi-Mming; Li, Ting-ting; Zhou, Lu; Liu, Shao-heng; Zeng, Xiao-xia

2014-07-15

Cd(II) has posed severe health risks worldwide. To remove this contaminant from aqueous solution, the sulfanilic acid-grafted magnetic graphene oxide sheets (MGOs/SA) were prepared and characterized. The mutual effects of Cd(II) and aniline adsorption on MGOs/SA were studied. The effects of operating parameters such as pH, ionic strength, contact time and temperature on the Cd(II) enrichment, as well as the adsorption kinetics and isotherm were also investigated. The results demonstrated that MGOs/SA could effectively remove Cd(II) and aniline from the aqueous solution and the two adsorption processes were strongly dependent on solution pH. The Cd(II) adsorption was reduced by the presence of aniline at pH<5.4 but was improved at pH>5.4. The presence of Cd(II) diminished the adsorption capacity for aniline at pH<7.8 but enhanced the aniline adsorption at pH>7.8. The decontamination of Cd(II) by MGOs/SA was influenced by ionic strength. Besides, the adsorption process could be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The intraparticle diffusion study revealed that the intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-limiting step for the adsorption process. Moreover, the experimental data of isotherm followed the Freundlich isotherm model. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in lead(II)-induced cytotoxicity of primary rat proximal tubular cells.

PubMed

Chu, Bing-Xin; Fan, Rui-Feng; Lin, Shu-Qian; Yang, Du-Bao; Wang, Zhen-Yong; Wang, Lin

2018-05-01

Autophagy and apoptosis are two different biological processes that determine cell fates. We previously reported that autophagy inhibition and apoptosis induction are involved in lead(II)-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells, but the interplay between them remains to be elucidated. Firstly, data showed that lead(II)-induced elevation of LC3-II protein levels can be significantly modulated by 3-methyladenine or rapamycin; moreover, protein levels of Autophagy-related protein 5 (Atg5) and Beclin-1 were markedly up-regulated by lead(II) treatment, demonstrating that lead(II) could promote the autophagosomes formation in rPT cells. Next, we applied three pharmacological agents and genetic method targeting the early stage of autophagy to validate that enhancement of autophagosomes formation can inhibit lead(II)-induced apoptotic cell death in rPT cells. Simultaneously, lead(II) inhibited the autophagic degradation of rPT cells, while the addition of autophagic degradation inhibitor bafilomycin A1 aggravated lead(II)-induced apoptotic death in rPT cells. Collectively, this study provided us a good model to know about the dynamic process of lead(II)-induced autophagy in rPT cells, and the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis highlights a new sight into the mechanism of lead(II)-induced nephrotoxicity. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the Co(II) and Ni(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions by Ca-Mg phosphates.

PubMed

Ivanets, A I; Srivastava, V; Kitikova, N V; Shashkova, I L; Sillanpää, M

2017-03-01

The aim of this work was to study the sorption kinetics and thermodynamics of Co(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions by sorbents on the basis of hydrogen (PD-1) and tertiary (PD-2) Ca-Mg phosphates depending on the solution temperature and sorbents chemical composition. Kinetic studies of adsorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions onto samples of phosphate sorbents were performed in batch experiment at the temperatures 288, 303, 318 and 333 K. The sorbent dose was fixed at 10 g L -1 , initial pH value 2.6, and contact time varied from 5 to 600 min. The kinetics of Co(II) and Ni(II) adsorption were analyzed by using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°) for the sorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) were determined using the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. The calculated kinetic parameters and corresponding correlation coefficients revealed that Co(II) and Ni(II) uptake process followed the pseudo-second order rate expression. Thermodynamic studies confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of removal process which indicate that sorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) ions onto both phosphate sorbents is favoured at higher temperatures and has the chemisorptive mechanism. The data thus obtained would be useful for practical application of the low cost and highly effective Ca-Mg phosphate sorbents. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kinetics of CO2 diffusion in human carbonic anhydrase: a study using molecular dynamics simulations and the Markov-state model.

PubMed

Chen, Gong; Kong, Xian; Lu, Diannan; Wu, Jianzhong; Liu, Zheng

2017-05-10

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, in combination with the Markov-state model (MSM), were applied to probe CO 2 diffusion from an aqueous solution into the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II), an enzyme useful for enhanced CO 2 capture and utilization. The diffusion process in the hydrophobic pocket of hCA-II was illustrated in terms of a two-dimensional free-energy landscape. We found that CO 2 diffusion in hCA-II is a rate-limiting step in the CO 2 diffusion-binding-reaction process. The equilibrium distribution of CO 2 shows its preferential accumulation within a hydrophobic domain in the protein core region. An analysis of the committors and reactive fluxes indicates that the main pathway for CO 2 diffusion into the active site of hCA-II is through a binding pocket where residue Gln 136 contributes to the maximal flux. The simulation results offer a new perspective on the CO 2 hydration kinetics and useful insights toward the development of novel biochemical processes for more efficient CO 2 sequestration and utilization.

Adsorptive Removal of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solution by Multi-Carboxylic-Functionalized Silica Gel: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Min; Meng, Xiaojing; Yuan, Jinhai; Deng, Wenwen; Liang, Xiuke

2018-01-01

In the present study, the adsorption behavior of cadmium (II) ion from aqueous solution onto multi-carboxylic-functionalized silica gel (SG-MCF) has been investigated in detail by means of batch and column experiments. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters such as pH value, contact time and initial concentration on adsorption capacity of cadmium (II) ion. The kinetic data were analyzed on the basis of the pseudo-first-order kinetic and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models and consequently, the pseudo-second-order kinetic can better describe the adsorption process than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of cadmium (II) ion were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, the results indicate that Langmuir isotherm model was found to be credible to express the data for cadmium (II) ion from aqueous solution onto the SG-MCF. Various thermodynamics parameters of the adsorption process, including free energy of adsorption (ΔG0 ), the enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH0 ) and standard entropy changes (ΔS0 ), were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. The positive value of the enthalpy change and the negative value of free energy change indicate that the process is endothermic and spontaneous process.

Treating attention in mild aphasia: evaluation of attention process training-II.

PubMed

Murray, Laura L; Keeton, R Jessica; Karcher, Laura

2006-01-01

This study examined whether attention processing training-II [Sohlberg, M. M., Johnson, L., Paule, L., Raskin, S. A., & Mateer, C. A. (2001). Attention Process Training-II: A program to address attentional deficits for persons with mild cognitive dysfunction (2nd ed.). Wake Forest, NC: Lash & Associates.; APT-II], when applied in the context of a multiple baseline ABA design, would improve the attention abilities of RW, a patient with mild conduction aphasia and concomitant attention and working memory deficits. We also explored whether APT-II training would enhance RW's auditory comprehension, other cognitive abilities such as memory, and his and his spouse's perceptions of his daily attention and communication difficulties. With treatment, RW improved on trained attention tasks and made modest gains on standardized tests and probes that evaluated cognitive skills related to treatment activities. Nominal change in auditory comprehension and untrained attention and memory functions was observed, and neither RW nor his spouse reported noticeable improvements in his daily attention or communication abilities. These and previous findings indicate that structured attention retraining may enhance specific attention skills, but that positive changes in broader attention and untrained functions are less likely. As a result of reading this article, the participant will be able to: (1) summarize the previous literature regarding attention impairments and treatment approaches for patients with aphasia. (2) describe how Attention Processing Training-II affected the attention, auditory comprehension, and other cognitive abilities of the patient in this study.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bramante, Joseph; Linden, Tim

Recent observations of Reticulum II have uncovered an overabundance of r -process elements compared to similar ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies (UFDs). Because the metallicity and star formation history of Reticulum II appear consistent with all known UFDs, the high r -process abundance of Reticulum II suggests enrichment through a single, rare event, such as a double neutron star (NS) merger. However, we note that this scenario is extremely unlikely, as binary stellar evolution models require significant supernova natal kicks to produce NS–NS or NS–black hole (BH) mergers, and these kicks would efficiently remove compact binary systems from the weak gravitationalmore » potentials of UFDs. We examine alternative mechanisms for the production of r -process elements in UFDs, including a novel mechanism wherein NSs in regions of high dark matter (DM) density implode after accumulating a BH-forming mass of DM. We find that r -process proto-material ejection by tidal forces, when a single NS implodes into a BH, can occur at a rate matching the r -process abundance of both Reticulum II and the Milky Way. Remarkably, DM models which collapse a single NS in observed UFDs also solve the missing pulsar problem in the Milky Way Galactic Center. We propose tests specific to DM r -process production which may uncover or rule out this model.« less

Dynamics of Uncrystallized Water, Ice, and Hydrated Protein in Partially Crystallized Gelatin-Water Mixtures Studied by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy.

PubMed

Sasaki, Kaito; Panagopoulou, Anna; Kita, Rio; Shinyashiki, Naoki; Yagihara, Shin; Kyritsis, Apostolos; Pissis, Polycarpos

2017-01-12

The glass transition of partially crystallized gelatin-water mixtures was investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) over a wide range of frequencies (10 mHz to 10 MHz), temperatures (113-298 K), and concentrations (10-45 wt %). Three dielectric relaxation processes (processes I, II, and III) were clearly observed. Processes I, II, and III originate from uncrystallized water (UCW) in the hydration shells of gelatin, ice, and hydrated gelatin, respectively. A dynamic crossover, called the Arrhenius to non-Arrhenius transition of UCW, was observed at the glass transition temperature of the relaxation process of hydrated gelatin for all mixtures. The amount of UCW increases with increasing gelatin content. However, above 35 wt % gelatin, the amount of UCW became more dependent on the gelatin concentration. This increase in UCW causes a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the cooperative motion of gelatin and UCW, which appears to result from a change in the aggregation structure of gelatin in the mixture at a gelatin concentration of approximately 35 wt %. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time of process II has nearly the same activation energy as pure ice made by slow crystallization of ice Ih. This implies that process II originates from the dynamics of slowly crystallized ice Ih.

The r-process Pattern of a Bright, Highly r-process-enhanced Metal-poor Halo Star at [Fe/H] ∼ ‑2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakari, Charli M.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese; Holmbeck, Erika M.; Beers, Timothy C.; Frebel, Anna; Roederer, Ian U.; Venn, Kim A.; Wallerstein, George; Davis, Christopher Evan; Farrell, Elizabeth M.; Yong, David

2018-02-01

A high-resolution spectroscopic analysis is presented for a new highly r-process-enhanced ([Eu/Fe] = 1.27, [Ba/Eu] = ‑0.65), very metal-poor ([Fe/H] = ‑2.09), retrograde halo star, RAVE J153830.9–180424, discovered as part of the R-Process Alliance survey. At V = 10.86, this is the brightest and most metal-rich r-II star known in the Milky Way halo. Its brightness enables high-S/N detections of a wide variety of chemical species that are mostly created by the r-process, including some infrequently detected lines from elements like Ru, Pd, Ag, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, and Th, with upper limits on Pb and U. This is the most complete r-process census in a very metal-poor r-II star. J1538–1804 shows no signs of s-process contamination, based on its low [Ba/Eu] and [Pb/Fe]. As with many other r-process-enhanced stars, J1538–1804's r-process pattern matches that of the Sun for elements between the first, second, and third peaks, and does not exhibit an actinide boost. Cosmo-chronometric age-dating reveals the r-process material to be quite old. This robust main r-process pattern is a necessary constraint for r-process formation scenarios (of particular interest in light of the recent neutron star merger, GW170817), and has important consequences for the origins of r-II stars. Additional r-I and r-II stars will be reported by the R-Process Alliance in the near future.

The role of mAKAPβ in the process of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II

PubMed Central

GUO, HUIXIN; LIU, BAOXIN; HOU, LEI; THE, ERLINDA; LI, GANG; WANG, DONGZHI; JIE, QIQIANG; CHE, WENLIANG; WEI, YIDONG

2015-01-01

Angiotensin II (AngII) is the central product of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this octapeptide contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. mAKAPβ is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) that has the function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mAKAPβ in AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the possible mechanisms involved. Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were treated with AngII. Subsequently, the morphology of the cardiomyocytes was observed and the expression of mAKAPβ and cardiomyocyte hypertrophic markers was measured. mAKAPβ-shRNA was constructed for RNA interference; the expression of mAKAPβ and hypertrophic markers, the cell surface area and the [3H]Leucine incorporation rate in the AngII-treated rat cardiomyocytes were detected following RNA interference. Simultaneously, changes in the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)2 in the cardiomyocytes were assessed. The cell size of the AngII-treated cardiaomyocytes was significantly larger than that of the untreated cardiomyocytes. The expression of hypertrophic markers and p-ERK2, the cell surface area and the [3H]Leucine incorporation rate were all significantly increased in the AngII-treated cells. However, the expression of mAKAPβ remained unaltered in this process. RNA interference simultaneously inhibited the protein expression of mAKAPβ and p-ERK2, and the hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes induced by AngII was attenuated. These results demonstrate that AngII induces hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, and mAKAPβ is possibly involved in this process. The effects of mAKAPβ on AngII-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy may be associated with p-ERK2 expression. PMID:25739102

Assessment of microbial products in the biosorption process of Cu(II) onto aerobic granular sludge: Extracellular polymeric substances contribution and soluble microbial products release.

PubMed

Huang, Linxian; Li, Meilin; Si, Guangchao; Wei, Jinglin; Ngo, Huu Hao; Guo, Wenshan; Xu, Weiying; Du, Bin; Wei, Qin; Wei, Dong

2018-05-18

In the present study, the responses of microbial products in the biosorption process of Cu(II) onto aerobic granular sludge were evaluated by using batch and spectroscopic approaches. Batch experimental data showed that extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) contributed to Cu(II) removal from an aqueous solution, especially when treating low metal concentrations, whereas soluble microbial products (SMPs) were released under the metal stress during biosorption process. A three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) identified four main fluorescence peaks in the EPS, i.e., tryptophan protein-like, aromatic protein-like, humic-like and fulvic acid-like substances, and their fluorescence intensities decreased gradually in the presence of Cu(II) during the sorption process. Particularly, tryptophan protein-like substances quenched the Cu(II) binding to a much higher extent through a static quenching process with less than one class of binding sites. According to the synchronous fluorescence spectra, the whole fluorescence intensity of released SMP samples expressed an increased trend with different degrees along with contact time. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) suggested that the fulvic-like fluorescence fraction might be more susceptible to metal exposure than other fractions. The result of molecular weight distribution demonstrated that the SMPs released from the biosorption process differed significantly according to contact time. The result obtained could provide new insights into the responses of microbial products from aerobic granular sludge with heavy metal treatment. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Recombinant Lipoprotein Rv1016c Derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is a TLR-2 Ligand that Induces Macrophages Apoptosis and Inhibits MHC II Antigen Processing.

PubMed

Su, Haibo; Zhu, Shenglin; Zhu, Lin; Huang, Wei; Wang, Honghai; Zhang, Zhi; Xu, Ying

2016-01-01

TLR2-dependent cellular signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis -infected macrophages causes apoptosis and inhibits class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecules antigen processing, leading to evasion of surveillance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) lipoproteins are an important class of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand, and identified as specific components that mediate these effects. In this study, we identified and characterized MTB lipoprotein Rv1016c (lpqT) as a cell wall associated-protein that was exposed on the cell surface and enhanced the survival of recombinants M. smegmatis_Rv1016c under stress conditions. We found that Rv1016c lipoprotein was a novel TLR2 ligand and able to induce macrophage apoptosis in a both dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, apoptosis induced by Rv1016c was reserved in THP-1 cells blocked with anti-TLR-2 Abs or in TLR2 -/- mouse macrophages, indicating that Rv1016c-induced apoptosis is dependent on TLR2. Moreover, we demonstrated that Rv1016c lipoprotein inhibited IFN-γ-induced MHC-II expression and processing of soluble antigens in a TLR2 dependent manner. Class II transactivator (CIITA) regulates MHC II expression. In this context, Rv1016c lipoprotein diminished IFN-γ-induced expression of CIITA IV through TLR2 and MAPK Signaling. TLR2-dependent apoptosis and inhibition of MHC-II Ag processing induced by Rv1016c during mycobacteria infection may promote the release of residual bacilli from apoptotic cells and decrease recognition by CD4 + T cells. These mechanisms may allow intracellular MTB to evade immune surveillance and maintain chronic infection.

An ion-imprinted silica-supported organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent prepared by a surface imprinting technique combined with a polysaccharide incorporated sol-gel process for selective separation of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution.

PubMed

Li, Feng; Jiang, Hongquan; Zhang, Shusheng

2007-03-15

Ion-imprinting concept and polysaccharide incorporated sol-gel process were applied to the preparation of a new silica-supported organic-inorganic hybrid sorbent for selective separation of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. In the prepared shell/core composite sorbent, covalently surface coating on the supporting silica gel was achieved by using a Cd(II)-imprinting sol-gel process starting from an inorganic precursor, gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysiloxane (GPTMS), and a functional biopolymer, chitosan (CS). The sorbent was prepared through self-hydrolysis of GPTMS, self-condensation and co-condensation of silanol groups (Si-OH) from siloxane and silica gel surface, in combination with in situ covalent cross-linking of CS with partial amine shielded by Cd(II) complexation. Extraction of the imprinting molecules left a predetermined arrangement of ligands and tailored binding pockets for Cd(II). The prepared sorbent was characterized by using X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch experiments were conducted to study the sorption performance by removal of Cd(II) when present singly or in binary system, an aqueous Cd(II) and Zn(II) mixture. The ion-imprinted composite sorbent offered a fast kinetics for the sorption of Cd(II) and the maximum capacity was 1.14mmolg(-1). The uptake capacity of the imprinted sorbent and the selectivity coefficient were much higher than that of the non-imprinted sorbent. The imprinted sorbent exhibited high reusability. The prepared functional sorbent was shown to be promising for the preconcentration of cadmium in environmental and biological samples.

Pain-processing abnormalities in bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and schizophrenia: A novel trait marker for psychosis proneness and functional outcome?

PubMed

Minichino, Amedeo; Delle Chiaie, Roberto; Cruccu, Giorgio; Piroso, Serena; Di Stefano, Giulia; Francesconi, Marta; Bersani, Francesco Saverio; Biondi, Massimo; Truini, Andrea

2016-11-01

Overlapping neural system dysfunctions, mainly involving the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insular cortex (AIC), seem to be related to both pain-perception abnormalities and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) were used to investigate pain-perception and central pain-processing abnormalities in SCZ, bipolar I disorder (BD-I), and bipolar II disorder (BD-II), and to evaluate their relationship with history of psychosis, and social-cognitive and functional impairments. Twenty patients with SCZ, 17 patients with BD-I, and 21 patients with BD-II who were all under similar pharmacological treatment underwent clinical, functional, and neuro-psychological assessment. LEPs were analyzed in patients and 19 healthy subjects (HS). LEPs elicit responses reflecting the activity of the S2 (N1 wave) and the ACC/AIC cortices (N2/P2 complex). A four-group ANOVA was conducted between patients and HS to compare pain-perceptive thresholds (PThs), N1, and N2/P2-LEP components. Compared to HS: (i) patients with SCZ showed pain-processing and pain-perception abnormalities, as revealed by significantly higher PTh (P<.01), and lower N1 (P<.01) and N2/P2 (P<.01) amplitudes, (ii) patients with BD-I showed only pain-processing abnormalities, as revealed by significantly lower N1 (P<.05) and N2 (P<.01) amplitudes; and patients with BD-II did not differ for any of the LEP variables investigated. N1 and N2 amplitudes negatively correlated to history of psychosis (P<.01), social-cognition (P<.05), and real-world functioning (P<.01) measures in the whole group of patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing central pain processing in patients with SCZ, BD-I, and BD-II. Our results suggest that pain-processing abnormalities may represent a novel locus of interest for research investigating trait markers of the psychosis spectrum. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Background Document for Capacity Analysis for Newly Listed ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

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Synthesis of poly(aminopropyl/methyl)silsesquioxane particles as effective Cu(II) and Pb(II) adsorbents.

PubMed

Lu, Xin; Yin, Qiangfeng; Xin, Zhong; Li, Yang; Han, Ting

2011-11-30

Poly(aminopropyl/methyl)silsesquioxane (PAMSQ) particles have been synthesized by a one-step hydrolytic co-condensation process using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as precursors in the presence of base catalyst in aqueous medium. The amino functionalities of the particles could be controlled by adjusting the organosilanes feed ratio. The compositions of the amino-functionalized polysilsesquioxanes were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, solid-state (29)Si NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The strong adsorbability of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions onto PAMSQ particles was systematically examined. The effect of adsorption time, initial metal ions concentration and pH of solutions was studied to optimize the metal ions adsorbability of PAMSQ particles. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process well fits the pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption phenomena appeared to follow Langmuir isotherm. The PAMSQ particles demonstrate the highest Cu(II) and Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 2.29 mmol/g and 1.31 mmol/g at an initial metal ions concentration of 20mM, respectively. The PAMSQ particles demonstrate a promising application in the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cd(II) on loess soil from China.

PubMed

Wang, Yan; Tang, Xiaowu; Chen, Yunmin; Zhan, Liangtong; Li, Zhenze; Tang, Qiang

2009-12-15

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that has caused serious public health problems. It is necessary to find a cost effective method to deal with wastewater containing Cd(II). Loess soils in China have proven to be a potential adsorbent for Cd(II) removal from wastewater. The adsorption capacity of loess towards Cd(II) has been determined to be about 9.37 mg g(-1). Slurry concentration, initial solution pH, reaction time and temperature have also been found to significantly influence the efficiency of Cd(II) removal. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of loess soil from China can be best-fit with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second order kinetics model, respectively. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and the system disorder increased with duration. The natural organic matter in loess soil is mainly responsible for Cd(II) removal at pH < 4.2, while clay minerals contribute to a further gradual adsorption process. Chemical precipitation dominates the adsorption stage at pH > 8.97. Further studies using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra of Cd(II) laden loess soil and Cd(II) species distribution have confirmed the adsorption mechanism.

An analysis of the lumber planning process: Part II

Treesearch

Peter Koch

1956-01-01

This study is part II of an investigation pertaining to the peripheral-milling process of planing lumber. Some relationships were determined between cutterhead horsepower and various combinations of specimen, cutterhead, and feed factors. Power demand curves were interpreted through comparison with simultaneously taken one micro-second photos of the forming chips....

78 FR 9987 - Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION [Docket No. SSA-2012-0071] Social Security Ruling, SSR 13-1p; Titles II and XVI: Agency Processes for Addressing Allegations of Unfairness, Prejudice, Partiality, Bias, Misconduct, or Discrimination by Administrative Law Judges (ALJs); Correction AGENCY: Social Security...

Model Transformation for a System of Systems Dependability Safety Case

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murphy, Judy; Driskell, Steve

2011-01-01

The presentation reviews the dependability and safety effort of NASA's Independent Verification and Validation Facility. Topics include: safety engineering process, applications to non-space environment, Phase I overview, process creation, sample SRM artifact, Phase I end result, Phase II model transformation, fault management, and applying Phase II to individual projects.

Process simulations for the LCLS-II cryogenic systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ravindranath, V.; Bai, H.; Heloin, V.; Fauve, E.; Pflueckhahn, D.; Peterson, T.; Arenius, D.; Bevins, M.; Scanlon, C.; Than, R.; Hays, G.; Ross, M.

2017-12-01

Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II), a 4 GeV continuous-wave (CW) superconducting electron linear accelerator, is to be constructed in the existing two mile Linac facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The first light from the new facility is scheduled to be in 2020. The LCLS-II Linac consists of thirty-five 1.3 GHz and two 3.9 GHz superconducting cryomodules. The Linac cryomodules require cryogenic cooling for the super-conducting niobium cavities at 2.0 K, low temperature thermal intercept at 5.5-7.5 K, and a thermal shield at 35-55 K. The equivalent 4.5 K refrigeration capacity needed for the Linac operations range from a minimum of 11 kW to a maximum of 24 kW. Two cryogenic plants with 18 kW of equivalent 4.5 K refrigeration capacity will be used for supporting the Linac cryogenic cooling requirements. The cryogenic plants are based on the Jefferson Lab’s CHL-II cryogenic plant design which uses the “Floating Pressure” design to support a wide variation in the cooling load. In this paper, the cryogenic process for the integrated LCLS-II cryogenic system and the process simulation for a 4.5 K cryoplant in combination with a 2 K cold compressor box, and the Linac cryomodules are described.

Structural characterization of peptides derived from prosomatostatins I and II isolated from the pancreatic islets of two species of teleostean fish: the daddy sculpin and the flounder.

PubMed

Conlon, J M; Davis, M S; Falkmer, S; Thim, L

1987-11-02

The primary structures of three peptides from extracts from the pancreatic islets of the daddy sculpin (Cottus scorpius) and three analogous peptides from the islets of the flounder (Platichthys flesus), two species of teleostean fish, have been determined by automated Edman degradation. The structures of the flounder peptides were confirmed by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The peptides show strong homology to residues (49-60), (63-96) and (98-125) of the predicted sequence of preprosomatostatin II from the anglerfish (Lophius americanus). The amino acid sequences of the peptides suggest that, in the sculpin, prosomatostatin II is cleaved at a dibasic amino acid residue processing site (corresponding to Lys61-Arg62 in anglerfish preprosomatostatin II). The resulting fragments are further cleaved at monobasic residue processing sites (corresponding to Arg48 and Arg97 in anglerfish preprosomatostatin II). In the flounder the same dibasic residue processing site is utilised but cleavage at different monobasic sites takes place (corresponding to Arg50 and Arg97 in anglerfish preprosomatostatin II). A peptide identical to mammalian somatostatin-14 was also isolated from the islets of both species and is presumed to represent a cleavage product of prosomatostatin I.

Activation of PPARδ counteracts angiotensin II-induced ROS generation by inhibiting rac1 translocation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

PubMed

Lee, Hanna; Ham, Sun Ah; Kim, Min Young; Kim, Jae-Hwan; Paek, Kyung Shin; Kang, Eun Sil; Kim, Hyo Jung; Hwang, Jung Seok; Yoo, Taesik; Park, Chankyu; Kim, Jin-Hoi; Lim, Dae-Seog; Han, Chang Woo; Seo, Han Geuk

2012-07-01

Angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated modification of the redox milieu of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been implicated in several pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ counteracts Ang II-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VSMCs. Activation of PPARδ by GW501516, a specific ligand for PPARδ, significantly reduced Ang II-induced ROS generation in VSMCs. This effect was, however, reversed in the presence of small interfering (si)RNA against PPARδ. The marked increase in ROS levels induced by Ang II was also eliminated by the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) but not of protein kinase C, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in this process. Accordingly, ablation of Akt with siRNA further enhanced the inhibitory effects of GW501516 in Ang II-induced superoxide production. Ligand-activated PPARδ also blocked Ang II-induced translocation of Rac1 to the cell membrane, inhibiting the activation of NADPH oxidases and consequently ROS generation. These results indicate that ligand-activated PPARδ plays an important role in the cellular response to oxidative stress by decreasing ROS generated by Ang II in vascular cells.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Jing-Yun, E-mail: jyunwu@ncnu.edu.tw; Tsai, Chi-Jou; Chang, Ching-Yun

A Zn(II)−salicylaldimine complex [Zn(L{sup salpyca})(H{sub 2}O)]{sub n} (1, where H{sub 2}L{sup salpyca}=4-hydroxy-3-(((pyridin-2-yl)methylimino)methyl)benzoic acid), with a one-dimensional (1D) chain structure, has been successfully converted to a discrete Ni(II)−salicylaldimine complex [Ni(L{sup salpyca})(H{sub 2}O){sub 3}] (2) and an infinite Cu(II)−salicylaldimine complex ([Cu(L{sup salpyca})]·3H{sub 2}O){sub n} (3) through a metal-ion exchange induced structural transformation process. However, such processes do not worked by Mn(II) and Co(II) ions. Solid-state structure analyses reveal that complexes 1–3 form comparable coordinative or supramolecular zigzag chains running along the crystallographic [201] direction. In addition, replacing Zn(II) ion by Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions caused changes in coordination environment and sphere ofmore » metal centers, from a 5-coordinate intermediate geometry of square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal in 1 to a 6-coordinate octahedral geometry in 2, and to a 4-coordiante square planar geometry in 3. This study shows that metal-ion exchange serves as a very efficient way of forming new coordination complexes that may not be obtained through direct synthesis. - Graphical abstract: A Zn(II)−salicylaldimine zigzag chain has been successfully converted to a Ni(II)−salicylaldimine supramolecular zigzag chain and a Cu(II)−salicylaldimine coordinative zigzag chain through metal-ion exchange induced structural transformations, which is not achieved by Mn(II) and Co(II) ions.« less

Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by extracellular polymeric substances extracted from Klebsiella sp. J1: Adsorption behavior and mechanism assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Wei; Wang, Qilin; Li, Ang; Yang, Jixian; Ma, Fang; Pi, Shanshan; Wu, Dan

2016-08-01

The adsorption performance and mechanism of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Klebsiella sp. J1 for soluble Pb (II) were investigated. The maximum biosorption capacity of EPS for Pb (II) was found to be 99.5 mg g-1 at pH 6.0 and EPS concentration of 0.2 g/L. The data for adsorption process satisfactorily fitted to both Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The mean free energy E and activation energy Ea were determined at 8.22- 8.98 kJ mol-1 and 42.46 kJ mol-1, respectively. The liquid-film diffusion step might be the rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic under natural conditions. The interactions between EPS system and Pb (II) ions were investigated by qualitative analysis methods (i.e Zeta potential, FT-IR and EDAX). Based on the strong experimental evidence from the mass balance of the related elements participating in the sorption process, an ion exchange process was identified quantitatively as the major mechanism responsible for Pb (II) adsorption by EPS. Molar equivalents of both K+ and Mg2+ could be exchanged with Pb2+ molar equivalents in the process and the contribution rate of ion exchange to adsorption accounted for 85.72% (Δmequiv = -0.000541).

Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by extracellular polymeric substances extracted from Klebsiella sp. J1: Adsorption behavior and mechanism assessment

PubMed Central

Wei, Wei; Wang, Qilin; Li, Ang; Yang, Jixian; Ma, Fang; Pi, Shanshan; Wu, Dan

2016-01-01

The adsorption performance and mechanism of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Klebsiella sp. J1 for soluble Pb (II) were investigated. The maximum biosorption capacity of EPS for Pb (II) was found to be 99.5 mg g−1 at pH 6.0 and EPS concentration of 0.2 g/L. The data for adsorption process satisfactorily fitted to both Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The mean free energy E and activation energy Ea were determined at 8.22– 8.98 kJ mol−1 and 42.46 kJ mol−1, respectively. The liquid-film diffusion step might be the rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic under natural conditions. The interactions between EPS system and Pb (II) ions were investigated by qualitative analysis methods (i.e Zeta potential, FT-IR and EDAX). Based on the strong experimental evidence from the mass balance of the related elements participating in the sorption process, an ion exchange process was identified quantitatively as the major mechanism responsible for Pb (II) adsorption by EPS. Molar equivalents of both K+ and Mg2+ could be exchanged with Pb2+ molar equivalents in the process and the contribution rate of ion exchange to adsorption accounted for 85.72% (Δmequiv = −0.000541). PMID:27514493

Adsorption of Pd(II) complexes from chloride solutions obtained by leaching chlorinated spent automotive catalysts on ion exchange resin Diaion WA21J.

PubMed

Shen, Shaobo; Pan, Tonglin; Liu, Xinqiang; Yuan, Lei; Zhang, Yongjian; Wang, Jinchao; Guo, Zhanchen

2010-05-01

It was found that Rh, Pd and Pt contained in the spent ceramic automotive catalysts could be effectively extracted by dry chlorination with chlorine. In order to concentrate Pd(II) contained in the chloride solution obtained from the dry chlorination process, thermodynamic and kinetics studies for adsorption of Pd(II) complexes from the chloride solutions on anionic exchange resin Diaion WA21J were carried out. It was found that Pd, Pt, Rh, Al, Fe, Si, Zn and Pb from the chloride solution could be adsorbed on the resin. The isothermal adsorption of Pd(II) was found to fit Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich models under the adsorption conditions. The adsorption of Pd(II) on the resin was favorable according to the values of 1/n and R(L) from Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, respectively. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities Q(max) based on Langmuir adsorption isotherms were 5.70, 4.84 and 4.05 mg/g and the corresponding value X(m) based on Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich were 5.55, 4.69 and 4.01 mg/g at temperatures 18 degrees C, 28 degrees C and 40 degrees C, respectively. The apparent adsorption energies (E(ad)) based on Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich isotherm were -15.43, -16.22 and -23.57 kJ/mol for the temperatures 18 degrees C, 28 degrees C and 40 degrees C, respectively. Chemical adsorption was a main mechanism involved in the adsorption process. Pd(II) adsorption on the resin could be accelerated by increasing the adsorption temperature. The adsorption of Pd(II) from the chloride solution on the resin underwent pseudo-first order kinetic process and the apparent adsorption activation energy E(a) was 15.0 kJ/mol. The intra-particle diffusion was a main rate controlling step in the Pd(II) adsorption process under the adsorption conditions. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Methods of Responsibly Managing End-of-Life Foams and Plastics Containing Flame Retardants: Part II.

PubMed

Lucas, Donald; Petty, Sara M; Keen, Olya; Luedeka, Bob; Schlummer, Martin; Weber, Roland; Yazdani, Ramin; Riise, Brian; Rhodes, James; Nightingale, Dave; Diamond, Miriam L; Vijgen, John; Lindeman, Avery; Blum, Arlene; Koshland, Catherine P

2018-06-01

This is Part II of a review covering the wide range of issues associated with all aspects of the use and responsible disposal of foam and plastic wastes containing toxic or potentially toxic flame retardants. We identify basic and applied research needs in the areas of responsible collection, pretreatment, processing, and management of these wastes. In Part II, we explore alternative technologies for the management of halogenated flame retardant (HFR) containing wastes, including chemical, mechanical, and thermal processes for recycling, treatment, and disposal.

The redox processes in Hg-contaminated soils from Descoberto (Minas Gerais, Brazil): implications for the mercury cycle.

PubMed

Windmöller, Cláudia C; Durão Júnior, Walter A; de Oliveira, Aline; do Valle, Cláudia M

2015-02-01

Investigations of the redox process and chemical speciation of Hg(II) lead to a better understanding of biogeochemical processes controlling the transformation of Hg(II) into toxic and bioaccumulative monomethyl mercury, mainly in areas contaminated with Hg(0). This study investigates the speciation and redox processes of Hg in soil samples from a small area contaminated with Hg(0) as a result of gold mining activities in the rural municipality of Descoberto (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Soil samples were prepared by adding Hg(0) and HgCl2 separately to dry soil, and the Hg redox process was monitored using thermodesorption coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry. A portion of the Hg(0) added was volatilized (up to 37.4±2.0%) or oxidized (from 36±7% to 88±16%). A correlation with Mn suggests that this oxidation is favored, but many other factors must be evaluated, such as the presence of microorganisms and the types of organic matter present. The interaction of Hg with the matrix is suggested to involve Hg(II)-complexes formed with inorganic and organic sulfur ligands and/or nonspecific adsorption onto oxides of Fe, Al and/or Mn. The kinetics of the oxidation reaction was approximated for two first-order reactions; the faster reaction was attributed to the oxidation of Hg(0)/Hg(I), and the slower reaction corresponded to Hg(I)/Hg(II). The second stage was 43-139 times slower than the first. The samples spiked with Hg(II) showed low volatilization and a shifting of the signal of Hg(II) to lower temperatures. These results show that the extent, rate and type of redox process can be adverse in soils. Descoberto can serve as an example for areas contaminated with Hg(0). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IGF-II-mediated downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α in myoblast cells involves PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.

PubMed

Mu, Xiaoyu; Qi, Weihong; Liu, Yunzhang; Zhou, Jianfeng; Li, Yun; Rong, Xiaozhi; Lu, Ling

2017-08-01

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) can stimulate myogenesis and is critically involved in skeletal muscle differentiation. The presence of negative regulators of this process, however, is not well explored. Here, we showed that in myoblast cells, IGF-II negatively regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA expression, while constitutive expression of PGC-1α induced myoblast differentiation. These results suggest that the negative regulation of PGC-1α by IGF-II may act as a negative feedback mechanism in IGF-II-induced myogenic differentiation. Reporter assays demonstrated that IGF-II suppresses the basal PGC-1α promoter activity. Blocking the IGF-II signaling pathway increased the endogenous PGC-1α levels. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of PI3 kinase activity prevented the downregulation of PGC-1α but the activation of mTOR was not required for this process. Importantly, further analysis showed that forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 contributes to mediating the effects of IGF-II on PGC-1 promoter activity. These findings indicate that IGF-II reduces PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle cells through a mechanism involving PI3K-Akt-FoxO1 but not p38 MAPK or Erk1/2 MAPK pathways.

Probing the Site for r-Process Nucleosynthesis with Abundances of Barium and Magnesium in Extremely Metal-poor Stars.

PubMed

Tsujimoto; Shigeyama; Yoshii

2000-03-01

We suggest that if the astrophysical site for r-process nucleosynthesis in the early Galaxy is confined to a narrow mass range of Type II supernova (SN II) progenitors, with a lower mass limit of Mms=20 M middle dot in circle, a unique feature in the observed distribution of [Ba/Mg] versus [Mg/H] for extremely metal-poor stars can be adequately reproduced. We associate this feature, a bifurcation of the observed elemental ratios into two branches in the Mg abundance interval -3.7

Drastic Effect of the Peptide Sequence on the Copper-Binding Properties of Tripeptides and the Electrochemical Behaviour of Their Copper(II) Complexes.

PubMed

Mena, Silvia; Mirats, Andrea; Caballero, Ana B; Guirado, Gonzalo; Barrios, Leoní A; Teat, Simon J; Rodriguez-Santiago, Luis; Sodupe, Mariona; Gamez, Patrick

2018-04-06

The binding and electrochemical properties of the complexes Cu II -HAH, Cu II -HWH, Cu II -Ac-HWH, Cu II -HHW, and Cu II -WHH have been studied by using NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies, CV, and density functional calculations. The results obtained highlight the importance of the peptidic sequence on the coordination properties and, consequently, on the redox properties of their Cu II complexes. For Cu II -HAH and Cu II -HWH, no cathodic processes are observed up to -1.2 V; that is, the complexes exhibit very high stability towards copper reduction. This behaviour is associated with the formation of very stable square-planar (5,5,6)-membered chelate rings (ATCUN motif), which enclose two deprotonated amides. In contrast, for non-ATCUN Cu II -Ac-HWH, Cu II -HHW complexes, simulations seem to indicate that only one deprotonated amide is enclosed in the coordination sphere. In these cases, the main electrochemical feature is a reductive irreversible one electron-transfer process from Cu II to Cu I , accompanied with structural changes of the metal coordination sphere and reprotonation of the amide. Finally, for Cu II -WHH, two major species have been detected: one at low pH (<5), with no deprotonated amides, and another one at high pH (>10) with an ATCUN motif, both species coexisting at intermediate pH. The present study shows that the use of CV, using glassy carbon as a working electrode, is an ideal and rapid tool for the determination of the redox properties of Cu II metallopeptides. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Role of oxidants in enhancing dewaterability of anaerobically digested sludge through Fe (II) activated oxidation processes: hydrogen peroxide versus persulfate

PubMed Central

Song, Kang; Zhou, Xu; Liu, Yiqi; Gong, Yanyan; Zhou, Beibei; Wang, Dongbo; Wang, Qilin

2016-01-01

Improving dewaterability of sludge is important for the disposal of sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This study, for the first time, investigated the Fe(II) activated oxidization processes in improving anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) dewaterability. The combination of Fe(II) (0–100 mg/g total solids (TS)) and persulfate (0–1,000 mg/g TS) under neutral pH as well as the combination of Fe(II) (0–100 mg/g TS) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) (0–1,000 mg/g TS) under pH 3.0 were used to examine and compare their effect on the ADS dewaterability enhancement. The highest ADS dewaterability enhancement was attained at 25 mg Fe(II)/g TS and 50 mg HP/g TS, when the CST (CST: the capillary suction time, a sludge dewaterability indicator) was reduced by 95%. In contrast, the highest CST reduction in Fe(II)-persulfate conditioning was 90%, which was obtained at 50 mg Fe(II)/g TS and 250 mg persulfate/g TS. The results showed that Fe(II)-HP conditioning was comparable with Fe(II)-persulfate conditioning in terms of highest CST reduction. Economic analysis suggested that the Fe(II)-HP conditioning was more promising for improving ADS dewaterability compared with Fe(II)-persulfate conditioning, with the saving being up to $65,000 per year in a WWTP with a population equivalent of 100,000. PMID:27109500

Recent advances in heterobimetallic palladium(II)/copper(II) catalyzed domino difunctionalization of carbon-carbon multiple bonds.

PubMed

Beccalli, Egle M; Broggini, Gianluigi; Gazzola, Silvia; Mazza, Alberto

2014-09-21

The double functionalization of carbon-carbon multiple bonds in one-pot processes has emerged in recent years as a fruitful tool for the rapid synthesis of complex molecular scaffolds. This review covers the advances in domino reactions promoted by the couple palladium(ii)/copper(ii), which was proven to be an excellent catalytic system for the functionalization of substrates.

Validation of PEP-II Resonantly Excited Turn-by-Turn BPM Data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yan, Yiton T.; Cai, Yunhai; Colocho, William.

2007-06-28

For optics measurement and modeling of the PEP-II electron (HER) and position (LER) storage rings, we have been doing well with MIA [1] which requires analyzing turn-by-turn Beam Position Monitor (BPM) data that are resonantly excited at the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal tunes. However, in anticipation that certain BPM buttons and even pins in the PEP-II IR region would be missing for the run starting in January 2007, we had been developing a data validation process to reduce the effect due to the reduced BPM data accuracy on PEP-II optics measurement and modeling. Besides the routine process for ranking BPMmore » noise level through data correlation among BPMs with a singular-value decomposition (SVD), we could also check BPM data symplecticity by comparing the invariant ratios. Results from PEP-II measurement will be presented.« less

The effects of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition cognitive abilities on math achievement.

PubMed

Parkin, Jason R; Beaujean, A Alexander

2012-02-01

This study used structural equation modeling to examine the effect of Stratum III (i.e., general intelligence) and Stratum II (i.e., Comprehension-Knowledge, Fluid Reasoning, Short-Term Memory, Processing Speed, and Visual Processing) factors of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) cognitive abilities, as operationalized by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2003a) subtests, on Quantitative Knowledge, as operationalized by the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition (WIAT-II; Wechsler, 2002) subtests. Participants came from the WISC-IV/WIAT-II linking sample (n=550). We compared models that predicted Quantitative Knowledge using only Stratum III factors, only Stratum II factors, and both Stratum III and Stratum II factors. Results indicated that the model with only the Stratum III factor predicting Quantitative Knowledge best fit the data. Copyright © 2011 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Immunocytochemical analysis of P2X2 in rat circumvallate taste buds.

PubMed

Yang, Ruibiao; Montoya, Alana; Bond, Amanda; Walton, Jenna; Kinnamon, John C

2012-05-23

Our laboratory has shown that classical synapses and synaptic proteins are associated with Type III cells. Yet it is generally accepted that Type II cells transduce bitter, sweet and umami stimuli. No classical synapses, however, have been found associated with Type II cells. Recent studies indicate that the ionotropic purinergic receptors P2X2/P2X3 are present in rodent taste buds. Taste nerve processes express the ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2X2/P2X3). P2X2/P2X3(Dbl-/-) mice are not responsive to sweet, umami and bitter stimuli, and it has been proposed that ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in taste buds. The goal of the present study is to learn more about the nature of purinergic contacts in rat circumvallate taste buds by examining immunoreactivity to antisera directed against the purinergic receptor P2X2. P2X2-like immunoreactivity is present in intragemmal nerve processes in rat circumvallate taste buds. Intense immunoreactivity can also be seen in the subgemmal nerve plexuses located below the basal lamina. The P2X2 immunoreactive nerve processes also display syntaxin-1-LIR. The immunoreactive nerves are in close contact with the IP(3)R3-LIR Type II cells and syntaxin-1-LIR and/or 5-HT-LIR Type III cells. Taste cell synapses are observed only from Type III taste cells onto P2X2-LIR nerve processes. Unusually large, "atypical" mitochondria in the Type II taste cells are found only at close appositions with P2X2-LIR nerve processes. P2X2 immunogold particles are concentrated at the membranes of nerve processes at close appositions with taste cells. Based on our immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopical studies we believe that both perigemmal and most all intragemmal nerve processes display P2X2-LIR. Moreover, colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy indicates that P2X2-LIR in nerve processes is concentrated at sites of close apposition with Type II cells. This supports the hypothesis that ATP may be a key neurotransmitter in taste transduction and that Type II cells release ATP, activating P2X2 receptors in nerve processes.

Healing of a mechano-responsive material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vetter, A.; Sander, O.; Duda, G. N.; Weinkamer, R.

2013-12-01

While contribution of physics to model fracture of materials is significant, the “reversed” process of healing is hardly investigated. Inspired by fracture healing that occurs as a self-repair process in nature, e.g. in bone, we computationally study the conditions under which a material can repair itself. In our model the material around a fracture is assumed mechano-responsive: it processes the information of i) local stiffness and ii) local strain and responds by local stiffening. Depending on how information i) and ii) is processed, healing evolves via fundamentally different paths.

NATO/CCMS PILOT STUDY CLEAN PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES (PHASE II) 2003 ANNUAL REPORT

EPA Science Inventory

The 6th annual meeting of the NATO CCMS Pilot Study, Clean Products and Processes, was held in Cetraro, Italy, from May 11 to 15, 2003. This was also the first meeting of its Phase II study. 24 country representatives attended this meeting. This meeting was very ably run by th...

Adding the s-Process Element Cerium to the APOGEE Survey: Identification and Characterization of Ce II Lines in the H-band Spectral Window

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cunha, Katia; Smith, Verne V.; Hasselquist, Sten; Souto, Diogo; Shetrone, Matthew D.; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Frinchaboy, Peter; García-Hernández, D. Anibal; Holtzman, Jon; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Jőnsson, Henrik; Majewski, Steven R.; Mészáros, Szabolcs; Nidever, David; Pinsonneault, Mark; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Sobeck, Jennifer; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Zamora, Olga; Zasowski, Gail; Fernández-Trincado, J. G.

2017-08-01

Nine Ce II lines have been identified and characterized within the spectral window observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey (between λ1.51 and 1.69 μm). At solar metallicities, cerium is an element that is produced predominantly as a result of the slow capture of neutrons (the s-process) during asymptotic giant branch stellar evolution. The Ce II lines were identified using a combination of a high-resolution (R=λ /δ λ ={{100,000}}) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) spectrum of α Boo and an APOGEE spectrum (R = 22,400) of a metal-poor, but s-process enriched, red giant (2M16011638-1201525). Laboratory oscillator strengths are not available for these lines. Astrophysical gf-values were derived using α Boo as a standard star, with the absolute cerium abundance in α Boo set by using optical Ce II lines that have precise published laboratory gf-values. The near-infrared Ce II lines identified here are also analyzed, as consistency checks, in a small number of bright red giants using archival FTS spectra, as well as a small sample of APOGEE red giants, including two members of the open cluster NGC 6819, two field stars, and seven metal-poor N- and Al-rich stars. The conclusion is that this set of Ce II lines can be detected and analyzed in a large fraction of the APOGEE red giant sample and will be useful for probing chemical evolution of the s-process products in various populations of the Milky Way.

Copper and the oxidation of hemoglobin: a comparison of horse and human hemoglobins.

PubMed

Rifkind, J M; Lauer, L D; Chiang, S C; Li, N C

1976-11-30

Oxidation studies of hemoglobin by Cu(II) indicate that for horse hemoglobin, up to a Cu(II)/heme molar ratio of 0.5, all of the Cu(II) added is used to rapidly oxidize the heme. On the other hand, most of the Cu(II) added to human hemoglobin at low Cu(II)/heme molar ratios is unable to oxidize the heme. Only at Cu(II)/heme molar ratios greater than 0.5 does the amount of oxidation per added Cu(II) approach that of horse hemoglobin. At the same time, binding studies indicate that human hemoglobin has an additional binding site involving one copper for every two hemes, which has a higher copper affinity than the single horse hemoglobin binding site. The Cu(II) oxidation of human hemoglobin is explained utilizing this additional binding site by a mechanism where a transfer of electrons cannot occur between the heme and the Cu(II) bound to the high affinity human binding site. The electron transfer must involve the Cu(II) bound to the lower affinity human hemoglobin binding site, which is similar to the only horse hemoglobin site. The involvement of beta-2 histidine in the binding of this additional copper is indicated by a comparison of the amino acid sequences of various hemoglobins which possess the additional site, with the amino acid sequences of hemoglobins which do not possess the additional site. Zn(II), Hg(II), and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) are found to decrease the Cu(II) oxidation of hemoglobin. The sulfhydryl reagents, Hg(II) and NEM, produce a very dramatic decrease in the rate of oxidation, which can only be explained by an effect on the rate for the actual transfer of electrons between the Cu(II) and the Fe(II). The effect of Zn(II) is much smaller and can, for the most part, be explained by the increased oxygen affinity, which affects the ligand dissociation process that must precede the electron transfer process.

Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting: potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia

PubMed Central

Yoshida, Tadashi; Tabony, A. Michael; Galvez, Sarah; Mitch, William E.; Higashi, Yusuke; Sukhanov, Sergiy; Delafontaine, Patrice

2013-01-01

Cachexia is a serious complication of many chronic diseases, such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many factors are involved in the development of cachexia, and there is increasing evidence that angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays an important role in this process. Patients with advanced CHF or CKD often have increased Ang II levels and cachexia, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment improves weight loss. In rodent models, an increase in systemic Ang II leads to weight loss through increased protein breakdown, reduced protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and decreased appetite. Ang II activates the ubiquitin-proteasome system via generation of reactive oxygen species and via inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Ang II inhibits 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and disrupts normal energy balance. Ang II also increases cytokines and circulating hormones such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, serum amyloid-A, glucocorticoids and myostatin, which regulate muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Ang II acts on hypothalamic neurons to regulate orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide-Y, orexin and corticotropin-releasing hormone, leading to reduced appetite. Also, Ang II may regulate skeletal muscle regenerative processes. Several clinical studies have indicated that blockade of Ang II signaling via ACE inhibitors or Ang II type 1 receptor blockers prevents weight loss and improves muscle strength. Thus the RAS is a promising target for the treatment of muscle atrophy in patients with CHF and CKD. PMID:23769949

The development of the new Eureka process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Watari, R.; Shoji, Y.; Ishikawa, T.

1987-01-01

Fuji Oil and Chiyoda have jointly developed this new Eureka (ET-II) process. It utilizes the unique technology of the original Eureka process, such as the injection of superheated steam into the reaction atmosphere and the handling of pitch in a molten state. It also combines a cracking heater with a high conversion rate and a single flow type reactor. In comparison with the original Eureka process, the advantages offered by the ET-II process are: Lower capital investment; lower operating cost; higher yield of lighter distillates. The cracked oil products can also be processed in secondary upgrading processes and the pitchmore » can then be utilized as a form of pitch water slurry fuel.« less

Dual processing model of medical decision-making.

PubMed

Djulbegovic, Benjamin; Hozo, Iztok; Beckstead, Jason; Tsalatsanis, Athanasios; Pauker, Stephen G

2012-09-03

Dual processing theory of human cognition postulates that reasoning and decision-making can be described as a function of both an intuitive, experiential, affective system (system I) and/or an analytical, deliberative (system II) processing system. To date no formal descriptive model of medical decision-making based on dual processing theory has been developed. Here we postulate such a model and apply it to a common clinical situation: whether treatment should be administered to the patient who may or may not have a disease. We developed a mathematical model in which we linked a recently proposed descriptive psychological model of cognition with the threshold model of medical decision-making and show how this approach can be used to better understand decision-making at the bedside and explain the widespread variation in treatments observed in clinical practice. We show that physician's beliefs about whether to treat at higher (lower) probability levels compared to the prescriptive therapeutic thresholds obtained via system II processing is moderated by system I and the ratio of benefit and harms as evaluated by both system I and II. Under some conditions, the system I decision maker's threshold may dramatically drop below the expected utility threshold derived by system II. This can explain the overtreatment often seen in the contemporary practice. The opposite can also occur as in the situations where empirical evidence is considered unreliable, or when cognitive processes of decision-makers are biased through recent experience: the threshold will increase relative to the normative threshold value derived via system II using expected utility threshold. This inclination for the higher diagnostic certainty may, in turn, explain undertreatment that is also documented in the current medical practice. We have developed the first dual processing model of medical decision-making that has potential to enrich the current medical decision-making field, which is still to the large extent dominated by expected utility theory. The model also provides a platform for reconciling two groups of competing dual processing theories (parallel competitive with default-interventionalist theories).

77 FR 32465 - Technical Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-01

... minimum odds for Class II games; amend standards for test labs; remove references to the Federal... the Play of Class II Games. 73 FR 60508. The rule added a new part to the Commission's regulations establishing a process for ensuring the integrity of electronic Class II games and aids. The standards were...

Process for forming shaped group II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals, and product formed using process

DOEpatents

Alivisatos, A. Paul; Peng, Xiaogang; Manna, Liberato

2001-01-01

A process for the formation of shaped Group II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals comprises contacting the semiconductor nanocrystal precursors with a liquid media comprising a binary mixture of phosphorus-containing organic surfactants capable of promoting the growth of either spherical semiconductor nanocrystals or rod-like semiconductor nanocrystals, whereby the shape of the semiconductor nanocrystals formed in said binary mixture of surfactants is controlled by adjusting the ratio of the surfactants in the binary mixture.

Status of the calibration and alignment framework at the Belle II experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dossett, D.; Sevior, M.; Ritter, M.; Kuhr, T.; Bilka, T.; Yaschenko, S.; Belle Software Group, II

2017-10-01

The Belle II detector at the Super KEKB e+e-collider plans to take first collision data in 2018. The monetary and CPU time costs associated with storing and processing the data mean that it is crucial for the detector components at Belle II to be calibrated quickly and accurately. A fast and accurate calibration system would allow the high level trigger to increase the efficiency of event selection, and can give users analysis-quality reconstruction promptly. A flexible framework to automate the fast production of calibration constants is being developed in the Belle II Analysis Software Framework (basf2). Detector experts only need to create two components from C++ base classes in order to use the automation system. The first collects data from Belle II event data files and outputs much smaller files to pass to the second component. This runs the main calibration algorithm to produce calibration constants ready for upload into the conditions database. A Python framework coordinates the input files, order of processing, and submission of jobs. Splitting the operation into collection and algorithm processing stages allows the framework to optionally parallelize the collection stage on a batch system.

A customizable system for real-time image processing using the Blackfin DSProcessor and the MicroC/OS-II real-time kernel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coffey, Stephen; Connell, Joseph

2005-06-01

This paper presents a development platform for real-time image processing based on the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin processor and the MicroC/OS-II real-time operating system (RTOS). MicroC/OS-II is a completely portable, ROMable, pre-emptive, real-time kernel. The Blackfin Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), incorporating the Analog Devices/Intel Micro Signal Architecture (MSA), are a broad family of 16-bit fixed-point products with a dual Multiply Accumulate (MAC) core. In addition, they have a rich instruction set with variable instruction length and both DSP and MCU functionality thus making them ideal for media based applications. Using the MicroC/OS-II for task scheduling and management, the proposed system can capture and process raw RGB data from any standard 8-bit greyscale image sensor in soft real-time and then display the processed result using a simple PC graphical user interface (GUI). Additionally, the GUI allows configuration of the image capture rate and the system and core DSP clock rates thereby allowing connectivity to a selection of image sensors and memory devices. The GUI also allows selection from a set of image processing algorithms based in the embedded operating system.

Adsorptive removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution and industrial effluent using natural/agricultural wastes.

PubMed

Singha, Biswajit; Das, Sudip Kumar

2013-07-01

The potentiality of low cost natural/agricultural waste biomasses for the removal of Cu(II) ion from aqueous solution has been investigated in batch experiments. The effect of various physico-chemical parameters such as initial pH, initial Cu(II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature has been studied. The optimum pH for adsorption was found to be 6 for all adsorbents used. Kinetics data were best described by the pseudo-2nd-order model. The experimental data were fitted well with Freundlich and Halsey isotherm models. The diffusion coefficient and sorption energy indicated that the adsorption process was chemical in nature. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° were calculated, and it was observed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The mean sorption energy was calculated using Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model and it confirmed that the sorption process was chemical in nature. Different active functional groups were identified by FTIR studies which were responsible for Cu(II) ion adsorption process. Application study using electroplating industrial waste water and regeneration experiment of the adsorbent were also investigated. Design procedure for the batch process was also reported. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Odd Isotope Fractions of Barium in the Strongly r-process-enhanced (r-II) Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wenyuan, Cui; Xiaohua, Jiang; Jianrong, Shi; Gang, Zhao; Bo, Zhang

2018-02-01

We determined the f odd,Ba values, 0.46 ± 0.08, 0.51 ± 0.09, 0.50 ± 0.13, and 0.48 ± 0.12, that correspond to the r-contribution 100% for four r-II stars, CS 29491-069, HE 1219-0312, HE 2327-5642, and HE 2252-4225, respectively. Our results suggest that almost all of the heavy elements (in the range from Ba to Pb) in r-II stars have a common origin, that is, from a single r-process (the main r-process). We found that the f odd,Ba has an intrinsic nature, and should keep a constant value of about 0.46 in the main r-process yields, which is responsible for the heavy element enhancement of r-II stars and of our Galaxy chemical enhancement. In addition, except for the abundance ratio [Ba/Eu] the f odd,Ba is also an important indicator, which can be used to study the relative contributions of the r- and s-processes during the chemical evolution history of the Milky Way and the enhancement mechanism in stars with peculiar abundances of heavy elements. Based on observations carried out at the European Southern Observatory, Paranal, Chile (Proposal number 170.D-0010 and 280.D-5011).

Adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto biomass from Trifolium resupinatum: equilibrium and kinetic studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Athar, Makshoof; Farooq, Umar; Aslam, Muhammad; Salman, M.

2013-09-01

The present study provides information about the binding of Pb(II) ions on an eco-friendly and easily available biodegradable biomass Trifolium resupinatum. The powdered biomass was characterized by FTIR, potentiometric titration and surface area analyses. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and amino functional groups and Pb(II) ions bound with the oxygen- and nitrogen-containing sites (hydroxyl and amino groups). The acidic groups were also confirmed by titrations. Effects of various environmental parameters (time, pH and concentration) have been studied. The biosorption process achieved equilibrium in a very short period of time (25 min). Non-linear approach for Langmuir and Freundlich models was used to study equilibrium process and root mean-square error was used as an indicator to decide the fitness of the mathematical model. The biosorption process was found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics and was very fast. Thus, the biomass can be cost-effectively used for the binding of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Diagnostics vehicle’s condition using obd-ii and raspberry pi technology: study literature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moniaga, J. V.; Manalu, S. R.; Hadipurnawan, D. A.; Sahidi, F.

2018-03-01

Transportation accident rate are still being a major challenge in many countries. There are many factors that could be cause transportation accident, especially in vehicle’s internal system problem. To overcome this problem, OBD-II technology has been created to diagnostics vehicle’s condition. OBD-II scanner plugged to OBD-II port or usually called Data Link Connector (DLC), and after that it sends the diagnostics to Raspberry Pi. Compared from another microcontrollers, Arduino, Raspberry Pi are chosen because it sustains the application to receive real-time diagnostics, process the diagnostics and send command to automobiles at the same time, rather than Arduino that must wait for another process finished to run another process. Outcome from this application is to enable automobile’s user to diagnostics their own vehicles. If there is found something unusual or a problem, the application can told the problem to user, so they could know what to fix before they use their vehicle safely.

Morphological evidence for local microcircuits in rat vestibular maculae

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, M. D.

1997-01-01

Previous studies suggested that intramacular, unmyelinated segments of vestibular afferent nerve fibers and their large afferent endings (calyces) on type I hair cells branch. Many of the branches (processes) contain vesicles and are presynaptic to type II hair cells, other processes, intramacular nerve fibers, and calyces. This study used serial section transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction methods to document the origins and distributions of presynaptic processes of afferents in the medial part of the adult rat utricular macula. The ultrastructural research focused on presynaptic processes whose origin and termination could be observed in a single micrograph. Results showed that calyces had 1) vesiculated, spine-like processes that invaginated type I cells and 2) other, elongate processes that ended on type II cells pre- as well as postsynaptically. Intramacular, unmyelinated segments of afferent nerve fibers gave origin to branches that were presynaptic to type II cells, calyces, calyceal processes, and other nerve fibers in the macula. Synapses with type II cells occurred opposite subsynaptic cisternae (C synapses); all other synapses were asymmetric. Vesicles were pleomorphic but were differentially distributed according to process origin. Small, clear-centered vesicles, approximately 40-60 nm in diameter, predominated in processes originating from afferent nerve fibers and basal parts of calyces. Larger vesicles approximately 70-120 nm in diameter having approximately 40-80 nm electron-opaque cores were dominant in processes originating from the necks of calyces. Results are interpreted to indicate the existence of a complex system of intrinsic feedforward (postsynaptic)-feedback (presynaptic) connections in a network of direct and local microcircuits. The morphological findings support the concept that maculae dynamically preprocess linear acceleratory information before its transmission to the central nervous system.

Microprocessor Recruitment to Elongating RNA Polymerase II Is Required for Differential Expression of MicroRNAs.

PubMed

Church, Victoria A; Pressman, Sigal; Isaji, Mamiko; Truscott, Mary; Cizmecioglu, Nihal Terzi; Buratowski, Stephen; Frolov, Maxim V; Carthew, Richard W

2017-09-26

The cellular abundance of mature microRNAs (miRNAs) is dictated by the efficiency of nuclear processing of primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) into pre-miRNA intermediates. The Microprocessor complex of Drosha and DGCR8 carries this out, but it has been unclear what controls Microprocessor's differential processing of various pri-miRNAs. Here, we show that Drosophila DGCR8 (Pasha) directly associates with the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase II elongation complex when it is phosphorylated by the Cdk9 kinase (pTEFb). When association is blocked by loss of Cdk9 activity, a global change in pri-miRNA processing is detected. Processing of pri-miRNAs with a UGU sequence motif in their apical junction domain increases, while processing of pri-miRNAs lacking this motif decreases. Therefore, phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II recruits Microprocessor for co-transcriptional processing of non-UGU pri-miRNAs that would otherwise be poorly processed. In contrast, UGU-positive pri-miRNAs are robustly processed by Microprocessor independent of RNA polymerase association. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DMA and DMB are the only genes in the class II region of the human MHC needed for class II-associated antigen processing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ceman, S.; Rudersdorf, R.A.; Petersen, J.M.

1995-03-15

Previous studies have shown that homozygous mutations between the LMP2 and DNA loci in the human MHC cause class II molecules to be abnormally conformed and unstable in the presence of SDS at low temperature, and impede class II-associated Ag processing and presentation. These abnormalities result from impaired ability to form intracellular class II/peptide complexes that predominate in normal cells. We show in this work that this defect results from deficient expression of either the DMA or the DMB gene. Human B-LCL.174 (DR3) cells, which have a deletion of all known expressible genes in the class II region, express transgene-encodedmore » HLA-DR3, but have the abnormalities. Transfer of cosmid HA14, which contains the DMA and DMB genes, into .174 (DR3) cells restored normal DR3 conformation, stability in 0.4% SDS at 0{degrees}, and ability to process and present tetanus toxoid, but only when both DMA and DMB mRNAs were present. The requirement for both genetic expressions in engendering normal phenotypes was confirmed by transferring the cloned genes into .174 (DR3) cells separately or together. Because normal phenotypes were fully restored in transferent cells expressing DMA plus DMB, other genes in the {approximately} 1-mb homozygous class II region deletion in .174 (DR3) cells either do not participate in or are dispensable for apparently normal production of intracellular class II/peptide complexes. The properties of DM-deficient EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) suggest ways of identifying humans in whom DM deficiency contributes to congenital immunodeficiency and malignancy. 67 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.« less

Thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase fusion proteins and their use in cDNA synthesis and next-generation RNA sequencing.

PubMed

Mohr, Sabine; Ghanem, Eman; Smith, Whitney; Sheeter, Dennis; Qin, Yidan; King, Olga; Polioudakis, Damon; Iyer, Vishwanath R; Hunicke-Smith, Scott; Swamy, Sajani; Kuersten, Scott; Lambowitz, Alan M

2013-07-01

Mobile group II introns encode reverse transcriptases (RTs) that function in intron mobility ("retrohoming") by a process that requires reverse transcription of a highly structured, 2-2.5-kb intron RNA with high processivity and fidelity. Although the latter properties are potentially useful for applications in cDNA synthesis and next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), group II intron RTs have been difficult to purify free of the intron RNA, and their utility as research tools has not been investigated systematically. Here, we developed general methods for the high-level expression and purification of group II intron-encoded RTs as fusion proteins with a rigidly linked, noncleavable solubility tag, and we applied them to group II intron RTs from bacterial thermophiles. We thus obtained thermostable group II intron RT fusion proteins that have higher processivity, fidelity, and thermostability than retroviral RTs, synthesize cDNAs at temperatures up to 81°C, and have significant advantages for qRT-PCR, capillary electrophoresis for RNA-structure mapping, and next-generation RNA sequencing. Further, we find that group II intron RTs differ from the retroviral enzymes in template switching with minimal base-pairing to the 3' ends of new RNA templates, making it possible to efficiently and seamlessly link adaptors containing PCR-primer binding sites to cDNA ends without an RNA ligase step. This novel template-switching activity enables facile and less biased cloning of nonpolyadenylated RNAs, such as miRNAs or protein-bound RNA fragments. Our findings demonstrate novel biochemical activities and inherent advantages of group II intron RTs for research, biotechnological, and diagnostic methods, with potentially wide applications.

Surface adsorption of poisonous Pb(II) ions from water using chitosan functionalised magnetic nanoparticles.

PubMed

Christopher, Femina Carolin; Anbalagan, Saravanan; Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil; Pannerselvam, Sundar Rajan; Vaidyanathan, Vinoth Kumar

2017-06-01

In this study, chitosan functionalised magnetic nano-particles (CMNP) was synthesised and utilised as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The experimental studies reveal that adsorbent material has finer adsorption capacity for the removal of heavy metal ions. Parameters affecting the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on CMNP, such as initial Pb(II) ion concentration, contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied. The adsorption equilibrium study showed that present adsorption system followed a Freundlich isotherm model. The experimental kinetic studies on the adsorption of Pb(II) ions exhibited that present adsorption process best obeyed with pseudo-first order kinetics. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CMNP for the removal of Pb(II) ions was found to be 498.6 mg g -1 . The characterisation of present adsorbent material was done by FTIR, energy disperse X-ray analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer studies. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (Δ G °), enthalpy (Δ H °) and entropy (Δ S °) have declared that the adsorption process was feasible, exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Sticking probability reported that adsorption of Pb(II) ions on CMNP was favourable at lower temperature and sticking capacity of Pb(II) ions was very high.

Nickel adsorption onto polyurethane ethylene and vinyl acetate sorbents.

PubMed

Iqbal, Munawar; Ali, Zahid; Qamar, M Afzal; Ali, Abid; Hussain, Fida; Abbas, Mazhar; Nisar, Jan

2017-07-01

The present study was conducted to appraise the efficiencies of polyurethane ethylene sorbent (PES) and vinyl acetate sorbent (VAS) for nickel (Ni) adsorption. Process variables, i.e. Ni(II) ions initial concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) approach. The Ni(II) adsorption was fitted to the kinetic models (pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order) and adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir). At optimum conditions of process variables, 171.99 mg/g (64.7%) and 388.08 mg/g (92.7%) Ni(II) was adsorbed onto PES and VAS, respectively. The RSM analysis revealed that maximum Ni(II) adsorption can be achieved at 299 mg/L Ni(II) ions initial concentration, 4.5 pH, 934 min contact time and 1.3 g adsorbent dosage levels for PES, whereas the optimum values for VAS were found to be 402 mg/L Ni(II) ions initial concentration, 4.6 pH, 881 min contact time and 1.2 g adsorbent dosage, respectively. The -OH and -C = O- were involved in the Ni(II) adsorption onto PES and VAS adsorbents. At optimum levels, up to 53.67% and 80.0% Ni(II) was removed from chemical industry wastewater using PES and VAS, respectively, which suggest that PES and VAS could possibly be used for Ni(II) adsorption from industrial wastewater.

Manganese inhibition of microbial iron reduction in anaerobic sediments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lovley, D.R.; Phillips, E.J.P.

1988-01-01

Potential mechanisms for the lack of Fe(II) accumulation in Mn(IV)-containing anaerobic sediments were investigated. The addition of Mn(IV) to sediments in which Fe(II) reduction was the terminal electron-accepting process removed all the pore-water Fe(II), completely inhibited net Fe(III) reduction, and stimulated Mn(IV) reduction. Results demonstrate that preferential reduction of Mn(IV) by FE(III)-reducing bacteria cannot completely explain the lack of Fe(II) accumulation in anaerobic, Mn(IV)-containing sediments, and indicate that Mn(IV) oxidation of Fe(II) is the mechanism that ultimately prevents Fe(II) accumulation. -Authors

Multiple regression analysis to assess the role of plankton on the distribution and speciation of mercury in water of a contaminated lagoon.

PubMed

Stoichev, T; Tessier, E; Amouroux, D; Almeida, C M; Basto, M C P; Vasconcelos, V M

2016-11-15

Spatial and seasonal variation of mercury species aqueous concentrations and distributions was carried out during six sampling campaigns at four locations within Laranjo Bay, the most mercury-contaminated area of the Aveiro Lagoon (Portugal). Inorganic mercury (IHg(II)) and methylmercury (MeHg) were determined in filter-retained (IHgPART, MeHgPART) and filtered (<0.45μm) fractions (IHg(II)DISS, MeHgDISS). The concentrations of IHgPART depended on site and on dilution with downstream particles. Similar processes were evidenced for MeHgPART, however, its concentrations increased for particles rich in phaeophytin (Pha). The concentrations of MeHgDISS, and especially those of IHg(II)DISS, increased with Pha concentrations in the water. Multiple regression models are able to depict MeHgPART, IHg(II)DISS and MeHgDISS concentrations with salinity and Pha concentrations exhibiting additive statistical effects and allowing separation of possible addition and removal processes. A link between phytoplankton/algae and consumers' grazing pressure in the contaminated area can be involved to increase concentrations of IHg(II)DISS and MeHgPART. These processes could lead to suspended particles enriched with MeHg and to the enhancement of IHg(II) and MeHg availability in surface waters and higher transfer to the food web. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of the metal addition for biohydrogen production from the conversion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by anaerobic process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gumilar, Andri; Syafila, Mindriany; Handajani, Marisa

2017-11-01

Biohydrogen is one of the main alternative fuels promising for the future. Bioconversion of the wastewater with the high concentration of organic using biological processes or microorganism by anaerobic processes can produce biogas which can be used as fuel instead of fossil fuels. In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the concentration of COD is 24,500 mg/L has been used as a substrate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metal addition for the formation of biohydrogen. Circulating bed reactor (CBR) is used with the flushing N2 1L/min for 24 hr and continued operates for 72 hr by internal biogas. The additional variation concentration of Fe(II) ion are 0.5; 1.0 and 2.5 mg/L, and Mg(II) are 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L were added by combination. The results showed that the combination of Fe(II) 1.0 mg/L and Mg(II) 1.5 mg/L produced the highest biohydrogen production is 17.12 %v/v and the rate of biohydrogen production is 0.010-0.233 % v/v /hr. Another combination of Fe(II) and Mg(II) provide results for the biohydrogen production is 10.46-16.37 %v/v with the highest rate of biohydrogen production is 0.008-0.278 %v/v/hr.

Endocrine Secretory Reserve and Proinsulin Processing in Recipients of Islet of Langerhans Versus Whole Pancreas Transplants

PubMed Central

Elkhafif, Nabeel M.; Borot, Sophie; Morel, Philippe; Demuylder-Mischler, Sandrine; Giovannoni, Laurianne; Toso, Christian; Bosco, Domenico; Berney, Thierry

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVE β-Cells have demonstrated altered proinsulin processing after islet transplantation. We compare β-cell metabolic responses and proinsulin processing in pancreas and islet transplant recipients with respect to healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 15 islet and 32 pancreas transplant recipients. Islet subjects were subdivided into insulin-requiring (IR-ISL, n = 6) and insulin-independent (II-ISL, n = 9) groups. Ten healthy subjects served as control subjects. Subjects were administered an intravenous arginine stimulation test, and insulin, C-peptide, total proinsulin, intact proinsulin, and proinsulin fragment levels were determined from serum samples. Acute insulin response (AIR) and proinsulin processing rates were calculated. RESULTS We found that basal insulin and C-peptide levels were higher in the pancreas group than in all other groups. II-ISL patients had basal insulin and C-peptide levels similar to healthy control subjects. The IR-ISL group had significantly lower AIRs than all other groups. Basal processing rates were higher in the pancreas and II-ISL groups than in healthy control subjects and the IR-ISL group. After arginine stimulation, all groups had elevated processing rates, with the exception of the IR-ISL group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that II-ISL transplant recipients can maintain basal metabolic parameters similar to healthy control subjects at the cost of a higher rate of proinsulin processing. IR-ISL transplant recipients, on the other hand, demonstrate both lower insulin response and lower basal rates of proinsulin processing even after arginine stimulation. PMID:24041681

Spectrophotometric Study of the Complex Formation of Anionic Chelates of Cobalt(II) with Monotetrazolium Cations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Divarova, V. V.; Stojnova, K. T.; Racheva, P. V.; Lekova, V. D.

2017-05-01

The complex formation and extraction of anionic chelates of Co(II)-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR) with cations of monotetrazolium salts (TS) — (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 3-(2-naphthyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TV) — in the liquid-liquid extraction system Co(II)-TAR-TS-H2O-CHCl3 were studied by spectrophotometric methods. The optimum conditions for the extraction of Co(II) were found. The molar ratio of the components and the form of the anionic chelates of Co(II) in the extracted compounds were determined by independent methods. The association process in the aqueous phase and the extraction process were investigated and quantitatively characterized. The following key constants were calculated: association constant, distribution constant, extraction constant, and recovery factor. The validity of the Beer's law was checked, and some analytical characteristics were calculated. Based on the obtained results and the lower price of the monotetrazolium salt MTT compared with that of TV, the ion-associated complex of Co(II)-TAR-MTT can be implemented for determination of cobalt(II) traces in alloys and biological, medical, and pharmaceutical samples.

Planning and Performance in Small Groups: Collective Implementation Intentions Enhance Group Goal Striving.

PubMed

Thürmer, J Lukas; Wieber, Frank; Gollwitzer, Peter M

2017-01-01

There are two key motivators to perform well in a group: making a contribution that (a) is crucial for the group (indispensability) and that (b) the other group members recognize (identifiability). We argue that indispensability promotes setting collective ("We") goals whereas identifiability induces individual ("I") goals. Although both goals may enhance performance, they should align with different strategies. Whereas pursuing collective goals should involve more cooperation, pursuing individual goals should involve less cooperation. Two experiments support this reasoning and show that planning out collective goals with collective implementation intentions (cIIs or "We-plans") relies on cooperation but planning out individual goals with individual implementation intentions (IIs or "I-plans") does not. In Experiment 1, three-member groups first formed a collective or an individual goal and then performed a first round of a physical persistence task. Groups then either formed a respective implementation intention (cII or II) or a control plan and then performed a second round of the task. Although groups with cIIs and IIs performed better on a physical persistence task than respective control groups, only cII groups interacted more cooperatively during task performance. To confirm the causal role of these interaction processes, Experiment 2 used the same persistence task and manipulated whether groups could communicate: When communication was hindered, groups with cIIs but not groups with IIs performed worse. Communication thus qualifies as a process making cIIs effective. The present research offers a psychology of action account to small group performance.

Reaction mechanism of Ru(II) piano-stool complexes: umbrella sampling QM/MM MD study.

PubMed

Futera, Zdeněk; Burda, Jaroslav V

2014-07-15

Biologically relevant interactions of piano-stool ruthenium(II) complexes with ds-DNA are studied in this article by hybrid quantum mechanics-molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computational technique. The whole reaction mechanism is divided into three phases: (i) hydration of the [Ru(II) (η(6) -benzene)(en)Cl](+) complex, (ii) monoadduct formation between the resulting aqua-Ru(II) complex and N7 position of one of the guanines in the ds-DNA oligomer, and (iii) formation of the intrastrand Ru(II) bridge (cross-link) between two adjacent guanines. Free energy profiles of all the reactions are explored by QM/MM MD umbrella sampling approach where the Ru(II) complex and two guanines represent a quantum core, which is described by density functional theory methods. The combined QM/MM scheme is realized by our own software, which was developed to couple several quantum chemical programs (in this study Gaussian 09) and Amber 11 package. Calculated free energy barriers of the both ruthenium hydration and Ru(II)-N7(G) DNA binding process are in good agreement with experimentally measured rate constants. Then, this method was used to study the possibility of cross-link formation. One feasible pathway leading to Ru(II) guanine-guanine cross-link with synchronous releasing of the benzene ligand is predicted. The cross-linking is an exergonic process with the energy barrier lower than for the monoadduct reaction of Ru(II) complex with ds-DNA. Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Iron oxidation kinetics and phosphorus immobilization at the groundwater-surface water interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Grift, Bas; Rozemeijer, Joachim; Griffioen, Jasper; van der Velde, Ype

2014-05-01

Eutrophication of freshwater environments following diffuse nutrient loads is a widely recognized water quality problem in catchments. Fluxes of non-point P sources to surface waters originate from surface runoff and flow from soil water and groundwater into surface water. The availability of P in surface waters is controlled strongly by biogeochemical nutrient cycling processes at the soil-water interface. The mechanisms and rates of the iron oxidation process with associated binding of phosphate during exfiltration of anaerobic Fe(II) bearing groundwater are among the key unknowns in P retention processes in surface waters in delta areas where the shallow groundwater is typically pH-neutral to slightly acid, anoxic, iron-rich. We developed an experimental field set-up to study the dynamics in Fe(II) oxidation and mechanisms of P immobilization at the groundwater-surface water interface in an agricultural experimental catchment of a small lowland river. We physically separated tube drain effluent from groundwater discharge before it entered a ditch in an agricultural field. The exfiltrating groundwater was captured in in-stream reservoirs constructed in the ditch. Through continuous discharge measurements and weekly water quality sampling of groundwater, tube drain water, exfiltrated groundwater, and ditch water, we quantified Fe(II) oxidation kinetics and P immobilization processes across the seasons. This study showed that seasonal changes in climatic conditions affect the Fe(II) oxidation process. In winter time the dissolved iron concentrations in the in-stream reservoirs reached the levels of the anaerobic groundwater. In summer time, the dissolved iron concentrations of the water in the reservoirs are low, indicating that dissolved Fe(II) is completely oxidized prior to inflow into the reservoirs. Higher discharges, lower temperatures and lower pH of the exfiltrated groundwater in winter compared to summer shifts the location of the redox transition zone, with Fe(II) oxidation taking place in the soil surrounding the ditch during summer and in the surface water during winter. The dynamics in Fe(II) oxidation did not affect the dissolved P concentrations. The dissolved P concentrations of the in-stream reservoirs water were an order of magnitude lower than observed in the groundwater and have no seasonal trend. Our data showed preferential binding of P during initial stage of the Fe(II) oxidation process, indicating the formation of Fe(III)-phosphate precipitates. The formation of Fe(III)-phosphates at the groundwater-surface water interface is an important geochemical mechanism in the transformation of dissolved phosphate to particulate phosphate and therefore a major control on the P retention in natural waters that drain anaerobic aquifers.

A Process Evaluation of Project Developmental Continuity. Interim Report II, Part B: Recommendations for Measuring Program Impact.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Love, John M.; And Others

This report presents recommendations for measures to be used in assessing the impact of Project Developmental Continuity (PDC). Chapter I reviews the purpose of the impact study and presents the basic considerations guiding the selection of measures. Chapter II describes the review process that led to the final recommendations. Chapter III…

Domestic Production Issues in Chromium and Platinum-Group Metals

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

iridium, and minor amounts of osmium. 12 Uses. Platinum-group metals (PGM) are critical as catalysts in fossil fuel processing and electronic...metals (PGM) were then described as critical in fossil fuel production, and in electronic and electrical components. The international market is...this research process . ii Table of Contents Page Preface.. .............. ii List of Figures ................ vi List of Tables ................ vi

Leading-process actomyosin coordinates organelle positioning and adhesion receptor dynamics in radially migrating cerebellar granule neurons

DOE PAGES

Trivedi, Niraj; Ramahi, Joseph S.; Karakaya, Mahmut; ...

2014-12-02

During brain development, neurons migrate from germinal zones to their final positions to assemble neural circuits. A unique saltatory cadence involving cyclical organelle movement (e.g., centrosome motility) and leading-process actomyosin enrichment prior to nucleokinesis organizes neuronal migration. While functional evidence suggests that leading-process actomyosin is essential for centrosome motility, the role of the actin-enriched leading process in globally organizing organelle transport or traction forces remains unexplored. Our results show that myosin ii motors and F-actin dynamics are required for Golgi apparatus positioning before nucleokinesis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) migrating along glial fibers. Moreover, we show that primary cilia aremore » motile organelles, localized to the leading-process F-actin-rich domain and immobilized by pharmacological inhibition of myosin ii and F-actin dynamics. Finally, leading process adhesion dynamics are dependent on myosin ii and F-actin. In conclusion, we propose that actomyosin coordinates the overall polarity of migrating CGNs by controlling asymmetric organelle positioning and cell-cell contacts as these cells move along their glial guides.« less

Leading-process actomyosin coordinates organelle positioning and adhesion receptor dynamics in radially migrating cerebellar granule neurons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trivedi, Niraj; Ramahi, Joseph S.; Karakaya, Mahmut

During brain development, neurons migrate from germinal zones to their final positions to assemble neural circuits. A unique saltatory cadence involving cyclical organelle movement (e.g., centrosome motility) and leading-process actomyosin enrichment prior to nucleokinesis organizes neuronal migration. While functional evidence suggests that leading-process actomyosin is essential for centrosome motility, the role of the actin-enriched leading process in globally organizing organelle transport or traction forces remains unexplored. Our results show that myosin ii motors and F-actin dynamics are required for Golgi apparatus positioning before nucleokinesis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) migrating along glial fibers. Moreover, we show that primary cilia aremore » motile organelles, localized to the leading-process F-actin-rich domain and immobilized by pharmacological inhibition of myosin ii and F-actin dynamics. Finally, leading process adhesion dynamics are dependent on myosin ii and F-actin. In conclusion, we propose that actomyosin coordinates the overall polarity of migrating CGNs by controlling asymmetric organelle positioning and cell-cell contacts as these cells move along their glial guides.« less

Binuclear Phthalocyanines as Model Electrocatalysts for the Reduction of Oxygen.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

solution, in which case the final product is Co(II)Pc. Aqueous acid addition (under nitrogen) to Co(I)Pc (in DCB/OH-) yields Co(II)Pc and presumably hydrogen ...little doubt, given the tendency for Co(I) to reduce aqueous acid to hydrogen [101, that hydrogen is produced in this reaction, though it was not proven...reduction occurs in water by a 2-electron process to hydrogen peroxide or a 4-electron process to water. This latter process must be catalysed on a

Removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon derived from waste biomass.

PubMed

Erdem, Murat; Ucar, Suat; Karagöz, Selhan; Tay, Turgay

2013-01-01

The removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions was carried out using an activated carbon prepared from a waste biomass. The effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentration of lead (II) ions, and temperature on the adsorption process were investigated. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis after adsorption reveals the accumulation of lead (II) ions onto activated carbon. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze equilibrium data. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of activated carbon was found to be 476.2 mg g⁻¹. The kinetic data were evaluated and the pseudo-second-order equation provided the best correlation. Thermodynamic parameters suggest that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.

Mutation of Photosystem II D1 protein that empower efficient phenotypes of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii under extreme environment in space

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Oxygenic photosynthesis involves capture and conversion of light energy into chemical energy, a process fundamental to life including plant productivity on Earth. Photosynthetic electron transport is catalyzed by two photochemical reaction centres in series, photosystem II (PS II) and photosytem I (...

21 CFR 807.81 - When a premarket notification submission is required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... equivalent to, (i) a device in commercial distribution before May 28, 1976, or (ii) a device introduced for commercial distribution after May 28, 1976, that has subsequently been reclassified into class I or II. (2..., chemical composition, energy source, or manufacturing process. (ii) A major change or modification in the...

Overview Of Recent Enhancements To The Bumper-II Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Risk Assessment Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hyde, James L.; Christiansen, Eric L.; Lear, Dana M.; Prior, Thomas G.

2006-01-01

Discussion includes recent enhancements to the BUMPER-II program and input files in support of Shuttle Return to Flight. Improvements to the mesh definitions of the finite element input model will be presented. A BUMPER-II analysis process that was used to estimate statistical uncertainty is introduced.

3-D Reconstruction of Macular Type II Cell Innervation Patterns in Space-Flight and Control Rats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, Muriel Dorothy; Montgomery, K.; Linton, S.; Cheng, R.; Tomko, David L. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

A semiautomated method for reconstructing objects from serial thin sections has been developed in the Biocomputation Center. The method is being used to completely, for the first time, type II hair cells and their innervations. The purposes are to learn more about the fundamental circuitry of the macula on Earth and to determine whether changes in connectivities occur under space flight conditions. Data captured directly from a transmission electron microscope via a video camera are sent to a graphics workstation. There, the digitized micrographs are mosaicked into sections and contours are traced, registered and displayed by semiautomated methods. Current reconstructions are of type II cells from the medial part of rat maculas collected in-flight on the Space Life Sciences-2 mission, 4.5 hrs post-flight, and from a ground control. Results show that typical type II cells receive processes from tip to six nearby calyces or afferents. Nearly all processes are elongated and have bouton-like enlargements; some have numerous vesicles. Multiple (2 to 4) processes from a single calyx to a type II cell are common, and approximately 1/3 of the processes innervale 2 or 3 type II cells or a neighboring cluster. From 2% to 6% of the cells resemble type I cells morphologically but have demi-calyces. Thus far, increments in synaptic number in type II cells of flight rats are prominent along processes that supply two hair cells. It is clear that reconstruction methods provide insights into details of macular circuitry not obtainable by other techniques. The results demonstrate a morphological basis for interactions between adjacent receptive fields through feed back-feed forward connections, and for dynamic alterations in receptive field range and activity during preprocessing of linear acceleratory information by the maculas. The reconstruction method we have developed will find further applications in the study of the details of neuronal architecture of more complex systems, to seek out shared organizational properties or neuronal networks and to understand better localization of synaptic changes in altered environments.

Structure and Activity of a New Low Molecular Weight Heparin Produced by Enzymatic Ultrafiltration

PubMed Central

FU, LI; ZHANG, FUMING; LI, GUOYUN; ONISHI, AKIHIRO; BHASKAR, UJJWAL; SUN, PEILONG; LINHARDT, ROBERT J.

2014-01-01

The standard process for preparing the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) tinzaparin, through the partial enzymatic depolymerization of heparin, results in a reduced yield due to the formation of a high content of undesired disaccharides and tetrasaccharides. An enzymatic ultrafiltration reactor for LMWH preparation was developed to overcome this problem. The behavior, of the heparin oligosaccharides and polysaccharides using various membranes and conditions, was investigated to optimize this reactor. A novel product, LMWH-II, was produced from the controlled depolymerization of heparin using heparin lyase II in this optimized ultrafiltration reactor. Enzymatic ultrafiltration provides easy control and high yields (>80%) of LMWH-II. The molecular weight properties of LMWH-II were similar to other commercial LMWHs. The structure of LMWH-II closely matched heparin’s core structural features. Most of the common process artifacts, present in many commercial LWMHs, were eliminated as demonstrated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antithrombin III and platelet factor-4 binding affinity of LMWH-II were comparable to commercial LMWHs, as was its in vitro anticoagulant activity. PMID:24634007

Long-range self-organization of cytoskeletal myosin II filament stacks.

PubMed

Hu, Shiqiong; Dasbiswas, Kinjal; Guo, Zhenhuan; Tee, Yee-Han; Thiagarajan, Visalatchi; Hersen, Pascal; Chew, Teng-Leong; Safran, Samuel A; Zaidel-Bar, Ronen; Bershadsky, Alexander D

2017-02-01

Although myosin II filaments are known to exist in non-muscle cells, their dynamics and organization are incompletely understood. Here, we combined structured illumination microscopy with pharmacological and genetic perturbations, to study the process of actomyosin cytoskeleton self-organization into arcs and stress fibres. A striking feature of the myosin II filament organization was their 'registered' alignment into stacks, spanning up to several micrometres in the direction orthogonal to the parallel actin bundles. While turnover of individual myosin II filaments was fast (characteristic half-life time 60 s) and independent of actin filament turnover, the process of stack formation lasted a longer time (in the range of several minutes) and required myosin II contractility, as well as actin filament assembly/disassembly and crosslinking (dependent on formin Fmnl3, cofilin1 and α-actinin-4). Furthermore, myosin filament stack formation involved long-range movements of individual myosin filaments towards each other suggesting the existence of attractive forces between myosin II filaments. These forces, possibly transmitted via mechanical deformations of the intervening actin filament network, may in turn remodel the actomyosin cytoskeleton and drive its self-organization.

MHC class II presentation of gp100 epitopes in melanoma cells requires the function of conventional endosomes, and is influenced by melanosomes1

PubMed Central

Robila, Valentina; Ostankovitch, Marina; Altrich-VanLith, Michelle L.; Theos, Alexander C.; Drover, Sheila; Marks, Michael S.; Restifo, Nicholas; Engelhard, Victor H.

2009-01-01

Many human solid tumors express MHC II molecules, and proteins normally localized to melanosomes give rise to MHC II restricted epitopes in melanoma. However, the pathways by which this occurs have not been defined. We analyzed the processing of one such epitope, gp10044-59, derived from gp100/Pmel17. In melanomas that have down-regulated components of the melanosomal pathway, but constitutively express HLA-DR*0401, the majority of gp100 is sorted to LAMP-1hi/MHC II+ late endosomes. Using mutant gp100 molecules with altered intracellular trafficking, we demonstrate that endosomal localization is necessary for gp10044-59 presentation. By depletion of the AP2 adaptor protein using siRNA, we demonstrate that gp100 protein internalized from the plasma membrane to such endosomes is a major source for gp10044-59 epitope production. Gp100 trapped in early endosomes gives rise to epitopes that are indistinguishable from those produced in late endosomes but their production is less sensitive to inhibition of lysosomal proteases. In melanomas containing melanosomes, gp100 is underrepresented in late endosomes, and accumulates in stage II melanosomes devoid of MHC II molecules. Gp10044-59 presentation is dramatically reduced, and processing occurs entirely in early endosomes / stage I melanosomes. This suggests that melanosomes are inefficient antigen processing compartments. Thus, melanoma de-differentiation may be accompanied by increased presentation of MHC II restricted epitopes from gp100 and other melanosome-localized proteins, leading to enhanced immune recognition. PMID:19017974

Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting: potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia.

PubMed

Yoshida, Tadashi; Tabony, A Michael; Galvez, Sarah; Mitch, William E; Higashi, Yusuke; Sukhanov, Sergiy; Delafontaine, Patrice

2013-10-01

Cachexia is a serious complication of many chronic diseases, such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many factors are involved in the development of cachexia, and there is increasing evidence that angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), plays an important role in this process. Patients with advanced CHF or CKD often have increased Ang II levels and cachexia, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor treatment improves weight loss. In rodent models, an increase in systemic Ang II leads to weight loss through increased protein breakdown, reduced protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and decreased appetite. Ang II activates the ubiquitin-proteasome system via generation of reactive oxygen species and via inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Ang II inhibits 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and disrupts normal energy balance. Ang II also increases cytokines and circulating hormones such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, serum amyloid-A, glucocorticoids and myostatin, which regulate muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Ang II acts on hypothalamic neurons to regulate orexigenic/anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide-Y, orexin and corticotropin-releasing hormone, leading to reduced appetite. Also, Ang II may regulate skeletal muscle regenerative processes. Several clinical studies have indicated that blockade of Ang II signaling via ACE inhibitors or Ang II type 1 receptor blockers prevents weight loss and improves muscle strength. Thus the RAS is a promising target for the treatment of muscle atrophy in patients with CHF and CKD. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dauer-independent insulin/IGF-1-signalling implicates collagen remodelling in longevity.

PubMed

Ewald, Collin Y; Landis, Jess N; Porter Abate, Jess; Murphy, Coleen T; Blackwell, T Keith

2015-03-05

Interventions that delay ageing mobilize mechanisms that protect and repair cellular components, but it is unknown how these interventions might slow the functional decline of extracellular matrices, which are also damaged during ageing. Reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling (rIIS) extends lifespan across the evolutionary spectrum, and in juvenile Caenorhabditis elegans also allows the transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO to induce development into dauer, a diapause that withstands harsh conditions. It has been suggested that rIIS delays C. elegans ageing through activation of dauer-related processes during adulthood, but some rIIS conditions confer robust lifespan extension unaccompanied by any dauer-like traits. Here we show that rIIS can promote C. elegans longevity through a program that is genetically distinct from the dauer pathway, and requires the Nrf (NF-E2-related factor) orthologue SKN-1 acting in parallel to DAF-16. SKN-1 is inhibited by IIS and has been broadly implicated in longevity, but is rendered dispensable for rIIS lifespan extension by even mild activity of dauer-related processes. When IIS is decreased under conditions that do not induce dauer traits, SKN-1 most prominently increases expression of collagens and other extracellular matrix genes. Diverse genetic, nutritional, and pharmacological pro-longevity interventions delay an age-related decline in collagen expression. These collagens mediate adulthood extracellular matrix remodelling, and are needed for ageing to be delayed by interventions that do not involve dauer traits. By genetically delineating a dauer-independent rIIS ageing pathway, our results show that IIS controls a broad set of protective mechanisms during C. elegans adulthood, and may facilitate elucidation of processes of general importance for longevity. The importance of collagen production in diverse anti-ageing interventions implies that extracellular matrix remodelling is a generally essential signature of longevity assurance, and that agents promoting extracellular matrix youthfulness may have systemic benefit.

Moderate KMnO4-Fe(II) pre-oxidation for alleviating ultrafiltration membrane fouling by algae during drinking water treatment.

PubMed

Ma, Baiwen; Qi, Jing; Wang, Xing; Ma, Min; Miao, Shiyu; Li, Wenjiang; Liu, Ruiping; Liu, Huijuan; Qu, Jiuhui

2018-05-21

Although ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are highly beneficial for removing algae, the removal process causes serious UF membrane fouling. To avoid the unfavorable effects of algal cells that have been damaged by oxidants, our previous study reported a novel, moderate pre-oxidation method (KMnO 4 -Fe(II) process) that aimed to achieve a balance between the release of intracellular organic matter and enhanced algae removal. This study further investigated the performance of a UF membrane with KMnO 4 -Fe(II) pretreatment in the presence of algae-laden reservoir water after a long running time. We found that algae could be completely removed, membrane fouling was significantly alleviated, and the overall performance was much better than that of Fe(III) coagulation alone. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) during Fe(III) coagulation increased to 42.8 kPa, however, that of the KMnO 4 -Fe(II) process only increased to 25.1 kPa for after running for 90 d. The slower transmembrane pressure was attributed to the larger floc size, higher surface activity, and inactivation of algae. Although there was little effect on microorganism development, lower microorganism abundance (20.7%) was observed during the KMnO 4 -Fe(II) process than during coagulation alone (44.9%) due to the release of extracellular polymeric substances. We also found that the floc cake layer was easily removed by washing, and many of the original membrane pores were clearly observed. Further analysis demonstrated that the effluent quality was excellent, especially its turbidity, chromaticity, and Mn and Fe concentrations. Based on the outstanding UF membrane performance, it may be concluded that the KMnO 4 -Fe(II) process exhibits considerable potential for application in the treatment of algae-laden water. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Ultrafast Primary Reactions in the Photosystems of Oxygen-Evolving Organisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holzwarth, A. R.

In oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms (plants, green algae, cyanobacteria), the primary steps of photosynthesis occur in two membrane-bound protein supercomplexes, Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II), located in the thylakoid membrane (c.f. Fig. 7.1) along with two other important protein complexes, the cytochrome b6/f complex and the ATP-synthase [1]. Each of the photosystems consists of a reaction center (RC) where the photoinduced early electron transfer processes occur, of a so-called core antenna consisting of chlorophyll (Chl) protein complexes responsible for light absorption and ultrafast energy transfer to the RC pigments, and additional peripheral antenna complexes of various kinds that increase the absorption cross-section. The peripheral complexes are Chl a/b-protein complexes in higher plants and green algae (LHC I or LHC II for PS I or PS II, respectively) and so-called phycobilisomes in cyanobacteria and red algae [2-4]. The structures and light-harvesting functions of these antenna systems have been extensively reviewed [2, 5-9]. Recently, X-ray structures of both PS I and PS II antenna/RC complexes have been determined, some to atomic resolution. Although many details of the pigment content and organization of the RCs and antenna systems of PS I and PS II have been known before, the high resolution structures of the integral complexes allow us for the first time to try to understand structure/function relationships in detail. This article covers our present understanding of the ultrafast energy transfer and early electron transfer processes occurring in the photosystems of oxygen-evolving organisms. The main emphasis will be on the electron transfer processes. However, in both photosystems the kinetics of the energy transfer processes in the core antennae is intimately interwoven with the kinetics of the electron transfer steps. Since both types of processes occur on a similar time scale, their kinetics cannot be considered separately in any experiment and consequently they have to be discussed together.

Efficient Destruction of Pollutants in Water by a Dual-Reaction-Center Fenton-like Process over Carbon Nitride Compounds-Complexed Cu(II)-CuAlO2.

PubMed

Lyu, Lai; Yan, Dengbiao; Yu, Guangfei; Cao, Wenrui; Hu, Chun

2018-04-03

Carbon nitride compounds (CN) complexed with the in-situ-produced Cu(II) on the surface of CuAlO 2 substrate (CN-Cu(II)-CuAlO 2 ) is prepared via a surface growth process for the first time and exhibits exceptionally high activity and efficiency for the degradation of the refractory pollutants in water through a Fenton-like process in a wide pH range. The reaction rate for bisphenol A removal is ∼25 times higher than that of the CuAlO 2 . According to the characterization, Cu(II) generation on the surface of CuAlO 2 during the surface growth process results in the marked decrease of the surface oxygen vacancies and the formation of the C-O-Cu bridges between CN and Cu(II)-CuAlO 2 in the catalyst. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the dual reaction centers are produced around the Cu and C sites due to the cation-π interactions through the C-O-Cu bridges in CN-Cu(II)-CuAlO 2 . During the Fenton-like reactions, the electron-rich center around Cu is responsible for the efficient reduction of H 2 O 2 to • OH, and the electron-poor center around C captures electrons from H 2 O 2 or pollutants and diverts them to the electron-rich area via the C-O-Cu bridge. Thus, the catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance for the refractory pollutant degradation. This study can deepen our understanding on the enhanced Fenton reactivity for water purification through functionalizing with organic solid-phase ligands on the catalyst surface.

Generation of TiII Alkyne Trimerization Catalysts in the Absence of Strong Metal Reductants

PubMed Central

See, Xin Yi; Beaumier, Evan P.; Davis-Gilbert, Zachary W.; Dunn, Peter L.; Larsen, Jacob A.; Pearce, Adam J.; Wheeler, T. Alex; Tonks, Ian A.

2017-01-01

Low-valent TiII species have typically been synthesized by the reaction of TiIV halides with strong metal reductants. Herein we report that TiII species can be generated simply by reacting TiIV imido complexes with 2 equiv of alkyne, yielding a metallacycle that can reductively eliminate pyrrole while liberating TiII. In order to probe the generality of this process, TiII-catalyzed alkyne trimerization reactions were carried out with a diverse range of TiIV precatalysts. PMID:28690352

High power CO II lasers and their material processing applications at Centre for Advanced Technology, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nath, A. K.; Paul, C. P.; Rao, B. T.; Kau, R.; Raghu, T.; Mazumdar, J. Dutta; Dayal, R. K.; Mudali, U. Kamachi; Sastikumar, D.; Gandhi, B. K.

2006-01-01

We have developed high power transverse flow (TF) CW CO II lasers up to 15kW, a high repetition rate TEA CO II laser of 500Hz, 500W average power and a RF excited fast axial flow CO II laser at the Centre for Advanced Technology and have carried out various material processing applications with these lasers. We observed very little variation of discharge voltage with electrode gap in TF CO II lasers. With optimally modulated laser beam we obtained better results in laser piercing and cutting of titanium and resolidification of 3 16L stainless steel weld-metal for improving intergranular corrosion resistance. We carried out microstructure and phase analysis of laser bent 304 stainless steel sheet and optimum process zones were obtained. We carried out laser cladding of 316L stainless steel and Al-alloy substrates with Mo, WC, and Cr IIC 3 powder to improve their wear characteristics. We developed a laser rapid manufacturing facility and fabricated components of various geometries with minimum surface roughness of 5-7 microns Ra and surface waviness of 45 microns between overlapped layers using Colmonoy-6, 3 16L stainless steel and Inconel powders. Cutting of thick concrete blocks by repeated laser glazing followed by mechanical scrubbing process and drilling holes on a vertical concrete with laser beam incident at an optimum angle allowing molten material to flow out under gravity were also done. Some of these studies are briefly presented here.

Appetitive drives for ultra-processed food products and the ability of text warnings to counteract consumption predispositions.

PubMed

David, Isabel A; Krutman, Laura; Fernández-Santaella, María Carmen; Andrade, Jéssica R; Andrade, Eduardo B; Oliveira, Leticia; Pereira, Mirtes G; Gomes, Fabio S; Gleiser, Sonia; Oliveira, José M; Araújo, Renata L; Volchan, Eliane; Braga, Filipe

2018-02-01

The present study aimed to (i) assess the appetitive drives evoked by the visual cues of ultra-processed food and drink products and (ii) investigate whether text warnings reduce appetitive drives and consumers' reported intentions to eat or drink ultra-processed products. In Study I, a well-established psychometric tool was applied to estimate the appetitive drives associated with ultra-processed products using sixty-four image representations. Sixteen product types with four exemplars of a given product were included. Pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) served as controls. The two exemplars of each product type rated as more appetitive were selected for investigation in the second study. Study II assessed the impact of textual warnings on the appetitive drive towards these thirty-two exemplars. Each participant was exposed to two picture exemplars of the same product type preceded by a text warning or a control text. After viewing each displayed picture, the participants reported their emotional reactions and their intention to consume the product. Controlled classroom experiments SUBJECTS: Undergraduate students (Study I: n 215, 135 women; Study II: n 98, 52 women). In Study I, the pictures of ultra-processed products prompted an appetitive motivation associated with the products' nutritional content. In Study II, text warnings were effective in reducing the intention to consume and the appetitive drive evoked by ultra-processed products. This research provides initial evidence favouring the use of text warnings as a public policy tool to curb the powerful influence of highly appetitive ultra-processed food cues.

Mechanotransductive cascade of Myo-II-dependent mesoderm and endoderm invaginations in embryo gastrulation

PubMed Central

Mitrossilis, Démosthène; Röper, Jens-Christian; Le Roy, Damien; Driquez, Benjamin; Michel, Aude; Ménager, Christine; Shaw, Gorky; Le Denmat, Simon; Ranno, Laurent; Dumas-Bouchiat, Frédéric; Dempsey, Nora M.; Farge, Emmanuel

2017-01-01

Animal development consists of a cascade of tissue differentiation and shape change. Associated mechanical signals regulate tissue differentiation. Here we demonstrate that endogenous mechanical cues also trigger biochemical pathways, generating the active morphogenetic movements shaping animal development through a mechanotransductive cascade of Myo-II medio-apical stabilization. To mimic physiological tissue deformation with a cell scale resolution, liposomes containing magnetic nanoparticles are injected into embryonic epithelia and submitted to time-variable forces generated by a linear array of micrometric soft magnets. Periodic magnetically induced deformations quantitatively phenocopy the soft mechanical endogenous snail-dependent apex pulsations, rescue the medio-apical accumulation of Rok, Myo-II and subsequent mesoderm invagination lacking in sna mutants, in a Fog-dependent mechanotransductive process. Mesoderm invagination then activates Myo-II apical accumulation, in a similar Fog-dependent mechanotransductive process, which in turn initiates endoderm invagination. This reveals the existence of a highly dynamic self-inductive cascade of mesoderm and endoderm invaginations, regulated by mechano-induced medio-apical stabilization of Myo-II. PMID:28112149

Adsorption of Ni(II) onto Chemically Modified Spent Grated Coconut (Cocos Nucifera)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamzah, F. I.; Khalid, K.; Hanafiah, M. A. K. M.

2017-06-01

A new adsorbent of plant waste origin from coconut processing food factory was explored for removing Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. Several parameters such as pH, dosage, concentration and contact time were studied to obtain optimum conditions for treatment of Ni(II) contaminated wastewater. Spent grated coconut (Cocos nucifera) treated with sulfuric acid (SSGC) showed good adsorption capacity for Ni(II) ion. The amount adsorbed was affected by solution pH with the highest value achieved at pH 5. Other optimum conditions found were; dosage of 0.02 g, and 60 min of equilibrium time. Ni(II) adsorption obeyed the pseudo-second order kinetic model which suggested that chemisorption mechanism occurred in the adsorption process. The equilibrium data presented a better fitting to the Langmuir isotherm model, an indication that monolayer adsorption occurred onto a homogeneous surface. The maximum adsorption capacity, qmax was 97.09 mg g-1, thus SSGC can be classified as good and comparable with other plant waste adsorbents.

Mechanotransductive cascade of Myo-II-dependent mesoderm and endoderm invaginations in embryo gastrulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitrossilis, Démosthène; Röper, Jens-Christian; Le Roy, Damien; Driquez, Benjamin; Michel, Aude; Ménager, Christine; Shaw, Gorky; Le Denmat, Simon; Ranno, Laurent; Dumas-Bouchiat, Frédéric; Dempsey, Nora M.; Farge, Emmanuel

2017-01-01

Animal development consists of a cascade of tissue differentiation and shape change. Associated mechanical signals regulate tissue differentiation. Here we demonstrate that endogenous mechanical cues also trigger biochemical pathways, generating the active morphogenetic movements shaping animal development through a mechanotransductive cascade of Myo-II medio-apical stabilization. To mimic physiological tissue deformation with a cell scale resolution, liposomes containing magnetic nanoparticles are injected into embryonic epithelia and submitted to time-variable forces generated by a linear array of micrometric soft magnets. Periodic magnetically induced deformations quantitatively phenocopy the soft mechanical endogenous snail-dependent apex pulsations, rescue the medio-apical accumulation of Rok, Myo-II and subsequent mesoderm invagination lacking in sna mutants, in a Fog-dependent mechanotransductive process. Mesoderm invagination then activates Myo-II apical accumulation, in a similar Fog-dependent mechanotransductive process, which in turn initiates endoderm invagination. This reveals the existence of a highly dynamic self-inductive cascade of mesoderm and endoderm invaginations, regulated by mechano-induced medio-apical stabilization of Myo-II.

Expression of cyclin D{sub 1} during endotoxin-induced aleveolar type II cell hyperplasia in rat lung and the detection of apoptotic cells during the remodeling process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tesfaigzi, J.; Wood, M.B.; Johnson, N.F.

Our studies have shown that endotoxin intratracheally instilled into the rat lung induces proliferation of alveolar type II cells. In that study, the alveolar type II cells. In that study, the alveolar type II cell hyperplasia occurred 2 d after instillation of endotoxin and persisted for a further 2 d. After hyperplasia, the lung remodeled and returned to a normal state within 24-48 h. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the remodeling process of this transient hyperplasia may be useful to identify molecular changes that are altered in neoplasia. The purpose of the present study was to corroborate induction of epithelialmore » cell hyperplasia by endotoxin and to delineate mechanisms involved in tissue remodeling after endotoxin-induced alveolar type II cell hyperplasia. In conclusion, immonostaining with cyclin D1 and cytokeratin shows that endotoxin induced epithelial cell proliferation and resulted in hyperplasia in the lung which persisted through 4 d post-instillation.« less

PATRAM '80. Proceedings. Volume 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huebner, H.W.

1980-01-01

Volume 2 contains papers from the following sessions: Safeguards-Related Problems; Neutronics and Criticality; Operations and Systems Experience II; Plutonium Systems; Intermediate Storage in Casks; Operations and Systems Planning; Institutional Issues; Structural and Thermal Evaluation I; Poster Session B; Extended Testing I; Structural and Thermal Evaluation II; Extended Testing II; and Emergency Preparedness and Response. Individual papers were processed. (LM)

Potential Energy Surface Database of Group II Dimer

National Institute of Standards and Technology Data Gateway

SRD 143 NIST Potential Energy Surface Database of Group II Dimer (Web, free access)   This database provides critical atomic and molecular data needed in order to evaluate the feasibility of using laser cooled and trapped Group II atomic species (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) for ultra-precise optical clocks or quantum information processing devices.

Microcomputer Applications for Health Care Professionals. Volume II. Curriculum Improvement Project. Region II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruce, Lucy

This volume is one of three in a self-paced computer literacy course that gives allied health students a firm base of knowledge concerning computer usage in the hospital environment. It also develops skill in several applications software packages. Volume II contains materials for three one-hour courses on word processing applications, spreadsheet…

New York State Educational Information System (NYSEIS) Systems Design. Volume I, Phase II. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price Waterhouse and Co., New York, NY.

This volume on Phase II of the New York State Educational Information System (NYSEIS) describes the Gross Systems Analysis and Design, which includes the general flow diagram and processing chart for each of the student, personnel, and financial subsystems. Volume II, Functional Specifications, includes input/output requirements and file…

33 CFR 159.126a - Suspended solids test: Type II devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Suspended solids test: Type II... Suspended solids test: Type II devices. During the sewage processing test (§ 159.121) 40 effluent samples... suspended solids in accordance with 40 CFR part 136. The arithmetic mean of the total suspended solids in 38...

Superpowers Influence in the Horn of Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-19

Greenfield: In its extent, its government and its problems, present day Ethiopia is largely the creaLion of the Emperor Menelik II . The process dating...conflict or cooperation between those involved during the next ten to fifteen years or so. 4 U / .- ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT... ii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..... ................. . . Survey of the Literature ..... ........... 3 Objective of the

Implementing New Non-Chromate Coatings Systems (Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-09

Initiate Cr6+ authorization process for continued Cr6+ use using the form, Authorization to Use Hexavalent Chromium. YES NO • Approval of...Aluminum and magnesium anodizing • Hard Chrome Plating • Type II conversion coating on aluminum alloys under chromated primer • Type II conversion coating...Elimination of Hexavalent Chromium 80% 5% 14% 1% Type II Type III Type IC Type IC Fatigue Critical 50% 50% Type II Type IC FRC-SE (JAX) Fully Integrated FRC

Promoter Melting Plays Critical Role in Lymphocyte Activation | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

Transcription in eukaryotic cells is a precisely timed ballet that consists of RNA polymerase II (pol II) recruitment to gene promoters, assembly of the multiprotein preinitiation complex, opening of the DNA, escape of pol II from the promoter, pol II pausing downstream, mRNA elongation, and, eventually, termination. The two main points of regulation are thought to be polymerase recruitment and pause release, but most studies investigating these regulatory processes involved actively cycling cells.

Simultaneous decomplexation in blended Cu(II)/Ni(II)-EDTA systems by electro-Fenton process using iron sacrificing electrodes.

PubMed

Zhao, Zilong; Dong, Wenyi; Wang, Hongjie; Chen, Guanhan; Tang, Junyi; Wu, Yang

2018-05-15

This research explored the application of electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) technique for the simultaneous decomplexation in blended Cu(II)/Ni(II)-EDTA systems by using iron sacrificing electrodes. Standard discharge (0.3 mg L -1 for Cu and 0.1 mg L -1 for Ni in China) could be achieved after 30 min reaction under the optimum conditions (i.e. initial solution pH of 2.0, H 2 O 2 dosage of 6 mL L -1  h -1 , current density of 20 mA/cm 2 , inter-electrode distance of 2 cm, and sulfate electrolyte concentration of 2000 mg L -1 ). The distinct differences in apparent kinetic rate constants (k app ) and intermediate removal efficiencies corresponding to mere and blended systems indicated the mutual promotion effect toward the decomplexation between Cu(II) and Ni(II). Massive accumulation of Fe(Ⅲ) favored the further removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) by metal ion substitution. Species distribution results demonstrated that the decomplexation of metal-EDTA in E-Fenton process was mainly contributed to the combination of various reactions, including Fenton reaction together with the anodic oxidation, electro-coagulation (E-coagulation) and electrodeposition. Unlike hypophosphite and citrate, the presence of chlorine ion displayed favorable effects on the removal efficiencies of Cu(II) and Ni(II) at low dosage, but facilitated the ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) removal only at high dosage. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Selective divalent cobalt ions detection using Ag2O3-ZnO nanocones by ICP-OES method for environmental remediation.

PubMed

Rahman, Mohammed M; Khan, Sher Bahadar; Marwani, Hadi M; Asiri, Abdullah M

2014-01-01

Here, we have synthesized Ag2O3-ZnO nanocones (NCs) by a wet-chemical route using reducing agents at low temperature. The structural, optical and morphological properties of Ag2O3-ZnO NCs were investigated by several conventional techniques such as powder XRD, XPS, FESEM, XEDS, FTIR and UV/vis. spectroscopy. The analytical parameters of prepared NCs were also calculated for a selective detection of divalent cobalt [Co(II)] prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The selectivity of NCs toward various metal ions, including Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II) was studied. Results of the selectivity study demonstrated that Ag2O3-ZnO NC phase was the most selective towards Co(II) ion. The uptake capacity for Co(II) ion was experimentally calculated to be ∼76.69 mgg-1. Moreover, adsorption isotherm data provided that the adsorption process was mainly monolayer on homogeneous adsorbent surfaces of Ag2O3-ZnO NCs. Kinetic study revealed that the adsorption of Co(II) on Ag2O3-ZnO NCs phase followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, thermodynamic results provided that the adsorption mechanism of Co(II) ions on Ag2O3-ZnO NCs was a spontaneous process and thermodynamically favorable. Finally, the proposed method was validated by applying it to real environmental water samples with reasonable results.

Selective Divalent Cobalt Ions Detection Using Ag2O3-ZnO Nanocones by ICP-OES Method for Environmental Remediation

PubMed Central

Rahman, Mohammed M.; Khan, Sher Bahadar; Marwani, Hadi M.; Asiri, Abdullah M.

2014-01-01

Here, we have synthesized Ag2O3-ZnO nanocones (NCs) by a wet-chemical route using reducing agents at low temperature. The structural, optical and morphological properties of Ag2O3-ZnO NCs were investigated by several conventional techniques such as powder XRD, XPS, FESEM, XEDS, FTIR and UV/vis. spectroscopy. The analytical parameters of prepared NCs were also calculated for a selective detection of divalent cobalt [Co(II)] prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The selectivity of NCs toward various metal ions, including Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II) was studied. Results of the selectivity study demonstrated that Ag2O3-ZnO NC phase was the most selective towards Co(II) ion. The uptake capacity for Co(II) ion was experimentally calculated to be ∼76.69 mgg−1. Moreover, adsorption isotherm data provided that the adsorption process was mainly monolayer on homogeneous adsorbent surfaces of Ag2O3-ZnO NCs. Kinetic study revealed that the adsorption of Co(II) on Ag2O3-ZnO NCs phase followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, thermodynamic results provided that the adsorption mechanism of Co(II) ions on Ag2O3-ZnO NCs was a spontaneous process and thermodynamically favorable. Finally, the proposed method was validated by applying it to real environmental water samples with reasonable results. PMID:25464507

Fe(II)-regulated moderate pre-oxidation of Microcystis aeruginosa and formation of size-controlled algae flocs for efficient flotation of algae cell and organic matter.

PubMed

Qi, Jing; Lan, Huachun; Liu, Ruiping; Liu, Huijuan; Qu, Jiuhui

2018-06-15

The coagulation/flocculation/flotation (C/F/F) process is becoming a popular method for algae-laden water treatment. However, the efficiency of flotation is highly dependent on the ability of the preceding coagulation/flocculation process to form flocculated algae flocs. This study aims to improve the Microcystis aeruginosa flotation efficiency from algae cell and organic matter aspects by applying Fe(II)-regulated pretreatment enhanced Al coagulation process. The ability of the C/F/F process to remove cyanobacterial cells can be enhanced from 8% to 99% at a Fe(II) dose of 30 μM. The Al dose needed can be reduced by more than half while achieving successful flotation. The introduced Fe(II) after KMnO 4 can not only realize moderate pre-oxidation of cyanobacterial cells, but also form in-situ Fe(III). The DOC value can also be decreased significantly due to the formation of in-situ Fe(III), which is more efficient in dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal compared with pre-formed Fe(III). In addition, the gradually hydrolyzed in-situ Fe(III) can facilitate the hydrolysis of Al as a dual-coagulant and promote the clustering and cross-linking of Al hydrolyzates, which can enhance the formation of size-controlled algae flocs. Finally, the size-controlled algae flocs can be effectively floated by the bubbles released in the flotation process due to the efficient collision and attachment between flocs and bubbles. Therefore, the efficient flotation of algae cell and organic matter can be realized by the Fe(II) regulated moderate pre-oxidation of M. aeruginosa and formation of size-controlled algae flocs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 80.1457 - Petition process for aggregate compliance approach for foreign countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural survey data. (v) Agricultural...: (i) Satellite imagery or data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural surveys...

40 CFR 80.1457 - Petition process for aggregate compliance approach for foreign countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural survey data. (v) Agricultural...: (i) Satellite imagery or data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural surveys...

40 CFR 80.1457 - Petition process for aggregate compliance approach for foreign countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural survey data. (v) Agricultural...: (i) Satellite imagery or data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural surveys...

40 CFR 80.1457 - Petition process for aggregate compliance approach for foreign countries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural survey data. (v) Agricultural...: (i) Satellite imagery or data. (ii) Aerial photography. (iii) Census data. (iv) Agricultural surveys...

Characterization, adaptive traffic shaping, and multiplexing of real-time MPEG II video

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agrawal, Sanjay; Barry, Charles F.; Binnai, Vinay; Kazovsky, Leonid G.

1997-01-01

We obtain network traffic model for real-time MPEG-II encoded digital video by analyzing video stream samples from real-time encoders from NUKO Information Systems. MPEG-II sample streams include a resolution intensive movie, City of Joy, an action intensive movie, Aliens, a luminance intensive (black and white) movie, Road To Utopia, and a chrominance intensive (color) movie, Dick Tracy. From our analysis we obtain a heuristic model for the encoded video traffic which uses a 15-stage Markov process to model the I,B,P frame sequences within a group of pictures (GOP). A jointly-correlated Gaussian process is used to model the individual frame sizes. Scene change arrivals are modeled according to a gamma process. Simulations show that our MPEG-II traffic model generates, I,B,P frame sequences and frame sizes that closely match the sample MPEG-II stream traffic characteristics as they relate to latency and buffer occupancy in network queues. To achieve high multiplexing efficiency we propose a traffic shaping scheme which sets preferred 1-frame generation times among a group of encoders so as to minimize the overall variation in total offered traffic while still allowing the individual encoders to react to scene changes. Simulations show that our scheme results in multiplexing gains of up to 10% enabling us to multiplex twenty 6 Mbps MPEG-II video streams instead of 18 streams over an ATM/SONET OC3 link without latency or cell loss penalty. This scheme is due for a patent.

Biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by Solanum melongena leaf powder as a low-cost biosorbent prepared from agricultural waste.

PubMed

Yuvaraja, Gutha; Krishnaiah, Nettem; Subbaiah, Munagapati Venkata; Krishnaiah, Abburi

2014-02-01

Solanum melongena leaves are relatively galore and used as inexpensive material. This paper presents the characterization and evaluation of potential of S. melongena leaf powder (SMLP) for removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution as a function of pH, biomass dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature. Experimental data were analyzed in terms of three kinetic models such as the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models and the results showed that the biosorption processes of Pb(II) followed well pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm described the equilibrium data very well, with a maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 71.42 mg/g for Pb(II) ions at 323 K. The biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature with negative ΔG° (-8.746, -8.509 and -7.983 kJ/mol) and positive value for ΔH° (3.698 kJ/mol). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Molecular modeling study of the induced-fit effect on kinase inhibition: the case of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yan; Delamar, Michel; Busca, Patricia; Prestat, Guillaume; Le Corre, Laurent; Legeai-Mallet, Laurence; Hu, RongJing; Zhang, Ruisheng; Barbault, Florent

2015-07-01

Tyrosine kinases are a wide family of targets with strong pharmacological relevance. These proteins undergo large-scale conformational motions able to inactivate them. By the end of one of these structural processes, a new cavity is opened allowing the access to a specific type of inhibitors, called type II. The kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) falls into this family of kinases. We describe here, for the first time, its inactivation process through target molecular dynamics. The transient cavity, at the crossroad between the DFGout and Cα helix out inactivation is herein explored. Molecular docking calculations of known ligands demonstrated that type II inhibitors are able to interact with this metastable transient conformation of FGFR3 kinase. Besides, supplemental computations were conducted and clearly show that type II inhibitors drive the kinase inactivation process through specific stabilization with the DFG triad. This induced-fit effect of type II ligands toward FGFR3 might be extrapolated to other kinase systems and provides meaningful structural information for future drug developments.

Heat and moisture fluxes within a nighttime maritime stratus cloud during CASP II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gultepe, I.; Issac, G.

Stratus clouds in the lower part of the atmosphere over the ocean or land can play an important role in boundary layer processes and in climate change. Physical, dynamical, and radiative processes within marine stratus clouds on both cloud and regional scale are studied for the first time during the First ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment (FIRE) (Albrecht et al., 1988). These clouds can effect the nowcasting, pollution transfer, and radiative processes (Nicholls and Leighton, 1986). Similar to the FIRE stratus project, the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) II field project was planned to obtain a bettermore » understanding of cloud physical, dynamical, radiative characteristics, and mesoscale structure of Canadian east coast storms. Here the dynamical and microphysical data, and a radiative transfer model are used to better understand a developing nighttime stratus cloud over the ocean during CASP II which took place over Atlantic Canada. Observations collected by the Convair aircraft of the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada during the CASP II field project on February 6, 1991 are presented.« less

Fabrication of the tea saponin functionalized reduced graphene oxide for fast adsorptive removal of Cd(II) from water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Zhigang; Liu, Zhifeng; Wu, Zhibin; Zeng, Guangming; Shao, Binbin; Liu, Yujie; Jiang, Yilin; Zhong, Hua; Liu, Yang

2018-05-01

A novel graphene-based material of tea saponin functionalized reduced graphene oxide (TS-RGO) was synthesized via a facil thermal method, and it was characterized as the absorbent for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The factors on adsorption process including solution pH, contact time, initial concentration of Cd(II) and background electrolyte cations were studied to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption at room temperature. The results indicated that Cd(II) adsorption was strongly dependent on pH and could be strongly affected by background electrolytes and ionic strength. The optimal pH and required equilibrium time was 6.0 and 10 min, respectively. The Cd(II) removal decreased with the presence of background electrolyte cations (Na+ < Ca2+ < Al3+). The adsorption kinetics of Cd(II) followed well with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherm fitted well to the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption was a monolayer adsorption process occurred on the homogeneous surfaces of TS-RGO. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 127 mg/g at 313 K and pH 6.0. Therefore, the TS-RGO was considered to be a cost-effective and promising material for the removal of Cd(II) from wastewater.

Bi-Objective Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Considering Energy Consumption under Stochastic Processing Times.

PubMed

Yang, Xin; Zeng, Zhenxiang; Wang, Ruidong; Sun, Xueshan

2016-01-01

This paper presents a novel method on the optimization of bi-objective Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) under stochastic processing times. The robust counterpart model and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are used to solve the bi-objective FJSP with consideration of the completion time and the total energy consumption under stochastic processing times. The case study on GM Corporation verifies that the NSGA-II used in this paper is effective and has advantages to solve the proposed model comparing with HPSO and PSO+SA. The idea and method of the paper can be generalized widely in the manufacturing industry, because it can reduce the energy consumption of the energy-intensive manufacturing enterprise with less investment when the new approach is applied in existing systems.

Bi-Objective Flexible Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Considering Energy Consumption under Stochastic Processing Times

PubMed Central

Zeng, Zhenxiang; Wang, Ruidong; Sun, Xueshan

2016-01-01

This paper presents a novel method on the optimization of bi-objective Flexible Job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP) under stochastic processing times. The robust counterpart model and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) are used to solve the bi-objective FJSP with consideration of the completion time and the total energy consumption under stochastic processing times. The case study on GM Corporation verifies that the NSGA-II used in this paper is effective and has advantages to solve the proposed model comparing with HPSO and PSO+SA. The idea and method of the paper can be generalized widely in the manufacturing industry, because it can reduce the energy consumption of the energy-intensive manufacturing enterprise with less investment when the new approach is applied in existing systems. PMID:27907163

A nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant on reorganization energy for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Weilin; Li, Songtao; Zhou, Xiaochun; Xing, Wei; Huang, Mingyou; Lu, Tianhong; Liu, Changpeng

2006-05-01

In the present work a nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant (k0) on reorganization energy (λ) was discovered qualitatively from electron transfer (Marcus-Hush-Levich) theory for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface. It was found that the nonmonotonic dependence of k0 on λ is another result, besides the disappearance of the famous Marcus inverted region, coming from the continuum of electronic states in electrode: with the increase of λ, the states for both Process I and Process II ET processes all vary from nonadiabatic to adiabatic state continuously, and the λ dependence of k0 for Process I is monotonic thoroughly, while for Process II on electrode surface the λ dependence of k0 could show a nonmonotonicity.

Dual processing model of medical decision-making

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Dual processing theory of human cognition postulates that reasoning and decision-making can be described as a function of both an intuitive, experiential, affective system (system I) and/or an analytical, deliberative (system II) processing system. To date no formal descriptive model of medical decision-making based on dual processing theory has been developed. Here we postulate such a model and apply it to a common clinical situation: whether treatment should be administered to the patient who may or may not have a disease. Methods We developed a mathematical model in which we linked a recently proposed descriptive psychological model of cognition with the threshold model of medical decision-making and show how this approach can be used to better understand decision-making at the bedside and explain the widespread variation in treatments observed in clinical practice. Results We show that physician’s beliefs about whether to treat at higher (lower) probability levels compared to the prescriptive therapeutic thresholds obtained via system II processing is moderated by system I and the ratio of benefit and harms as evaluated by both system I and II. Under some conditions, the system I decision maker’s threshold may dramatically drop below the expected utility threshold derived by system II. This can explain the overtreatment often seen in the contemporary practice. The opposite can also occur as in the situations where empirical evidence is considered unreliable, or when cognitive processes of decision-makers are biased through recent experience: the threshold will increase relative to the normative threshold value derived via system II using expected utility threshold. This inclination for the higher diagnostic certainty may, in turn, explain undertreatment that is also documented in the current medical practice. Conclusions We have developed the first dual processing model of medical decision-making that has potential to enrich the current medical decision-making field, which is still to the large extent dominated by expected utility theory. The model also provides a platform for reconciling two groups of competing dual processing theories (parallel competitive with default-interventionalist theories). PMID:22943520

Biosorption of Cu(II) by powdered anaerobic granular sludge from aqueous medium.

PubMed

Zhou, Xu; Chen, Chuan; Wang, Aijie; Jiang, Guangming; Liu, Lihong; Xu, Xijun; Yuan, Ye; Lee, Duu-Jung; Ren, Nanqi

2013-01-01

Copper(II) biosorption processes by two pre-treated powdered anaerobic granular sludges (PAGS) (original sludges were methanogenic anaerobic granules and denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) anaerobic granules) were investigated through batch tests. Factors affecting the biosorption process, such as pH, temperature and initial copper concentrations, were examined. Also, the physico-chemical characteristics of the anaerobic sludge were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy image, surface area and elemental analysis. A second-order kinetic model was applied to describe the biosorption process, and the model could fit the biosorption process. The Freundlich model was used for describing the adsorption equilibrium data and could fit the equilibrium data well. It was found that the methanogenic PAGS was more effective in Copper(II) biosorption process than the DSR PAGS, whose maximum biosorption capacity was 39.6% lower. The mechanisms of the biosorption capacities for different PAGS were discussed, and the conclusion suggested that the environment and biochemical reactions during the growth of biomass may have affected the structure of the PAGS. The methanogenic PAGS had larger specific surface area and more biosorption capacity than the DSR PAGS.

Synthesis and application of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 for photocatalytic decomposition of organic matrix simultaneously with magnetic solid phase extraction of heavy metals prior to ICP-MS analysis.

PubMed

Habila, Mohamed A; ALOthman, Zeid A; El-Toni, Ahmed Mohamed; Labis, Joselito Puzon; Soylak, Mustafa

2016-07-01

Interference of organic compounds in the matrix of heavy metal solution could suppress their pre-concentration and detection processes. Therefore, this work aimed to develop simple and facile methods for separation of heavy metals before ICP-MS analysis. Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 core-double shell magnetic adsorbent was prepared and characterized by TEM, SEM, FTIR, XRD and surface area, and tested for Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction (MSPE) of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II). TEM micrograph of Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 reveals the uniform coating of TiO2 layer of about 20nm onto the Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles and indicates that all nanoparticles are monodispersed and uniform. The saturation magnetization from the room-temperature hysteresis loops of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 was found to be 72 and 40emug(-1), respectively, suggesting good separability of the nanoparticles. The Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 showed maximum adsorption capacity of 125, 137, 148 and 160mgg(-1) for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively, and the process was found to fit with the second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2 showed efficient photocatalytic decomposition for tartrazine and sunset yellow (consider as Interfering organic compounds) in aqueous solution under the irradiation of UV light. The maximum recovery% was achieved at pH 5, by elution with 10mL of 2M nitric acid solution. The LODs were found to be 0.066, 0.049, 0.041 and 0.082µgL(-1) for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively while the LOQs were found to be 0.20, 0.15, 0.12 and 0.25µgL(-1) for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Antigen processing of glycoconjugate vaccines; the polysaccharide portion of the pneumococcal CRM(197) conjugate vaccine co-localizes with MHC II on the antigen processing cell surface.

PubMed

Lai, Zengzu; Schreiber, John R

2009-05-21

Pneumococcal (Pn) polysaccharides (PS) are T-independent (TI) antigens and do not induce immunological memory or antibodies in infants. Conjugation of PnPS to the carrier protein CRM(197) induces PS-specific antibody in infants, and memory similar to T-dependent (Td) antigens. Conjugates have improved immunogenicity via antigen processing and presentation of carrier protein with MHC II and recruitment of T cell help, but the fate of the PS attached to the carrier is unknown. To determine the location of the PS component of PnPS-CRM(197) in the APC, we separately labeled PS and protein and tracked their location. The PS of types 14-CRM(197) and 19F-CRM(197) was specifically labeled by Alexa Fluor 594 hydrazide (red). The CRM(197) was separately labeled red in a reaction that did not label PS. Labeled antigens were incubated with APC which were fixed, permeabilized and incubated with anti-MHC II antibody labeled green by Alexa Fluor 488, followed by confocal microscopy. Labeled CRM(197) was presented on APC surface and co-localized with MHC II (yellow). Labeled unconjugated 14 or 19F PS did not go to the APC surface, but PS labeled 14-CRM(197) and 19F-CRM(197) was internalized and co-localized with MHC II. Monoclonal antibody to type 14 PS bound to intracellular type 14 PS and PS-CRM(197). Brefeldin A and chloroquine blocked both CRM(197) and PS labeled 14-CRM(197) and 19F-CRM(197) from co-localizing with MHC II. These data suggest that the PS component of the CRM(197) glycoconjugate enters the endosome, travels with CRM(197) peptides to the APC surface and co-localizes with MHC II.

Intercellular Transfer of a Soluble Viral Superantigen

PubMed Central

Reilly, Melissa; Mix, Denise; Reilly, Andrew A.; Yang Ye, Xiang; Winslow, Gary M.

2000-01-01

Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigens (vSAgs) can undergo intercellular transfer in vivo and in vitro such that a vSAg can be presented to T cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that do not express the superantigen. This process may allow T-cell activation to occur prior to viral infection. Consistent with these findings, vSAg produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was readily transferred to class II IE and IA (H-2k and H-2d) proteins on a B-cell lymphoma or mouse splenocytes. Fixed class II-expressing acceptor cells were used to demonstrate that the vSAg, but not the class II proteins, underwent intercellular transfer, indicating that vSAg binding to class II MHC could occur directly at the cell surface. Intercellular transfer also occurred efficiently to splenocytes from endogenous retrovirus-free mice, indicating that other proviral proteins were not involved. Presentation of vSAg7 produced by a class II-negative, furin protease-deficient CHO variant (FD11) was unsuccessful, indicating that proteolytic processing was a requisite event and that proteolytic activity could not be provided by an endoprotease on the acceptor APC. Furthermore, vSAg presentation was effected using cell-free supernatant from class II-negative, vSAg-positive cells, indicating that a soluble molecule, most likely produced by proteolytic processing, was sufficient to stimulate T cells. Because the membrane-proximal endoproteolytic cleavage site in the vSAg (residues 68 to 71) was not necessary for intercellular transfer, the data support the notion that the carboxy-terminal endoproteolytic cleavage product is an active vSAg moiety. PMID:10954523

The glycosylated IgII extracellular domain of EMMPRIN is implicated in the induction of MMP-2.

PubMed

Papadimitropoulou, Adriana; Mamalaki, Avgi

2013-07-01

EMMPRIN is a widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that plays important roles in many physiological and pathological processes, such as tumor invasion and metastasis. It stimulates the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) by tumor-associated fibroblasts. In the present study, our aim was to (a) to investigate if the IgII loop domain of the extracellular domain (ECD) of EMMPRIN contributes to the MMP production by fibroblasts and (b) to evaluate the significance of glycosylation in this process. For this purpose, we expressed the ECD, IgI, or IgII domains of EMMPRIN, in their glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms, in the heterologous expression systems of P. pastoris and E. coli, respectively. Dermal fibroblasts were treated with purified recombinant domains and proteins from cell extracts and supernatants were analyzed by Western blot and zymography assays. Fibroblasts treated with ECD-, IgI-, and IgII-glycosylated domains of EMMPRIN significantly stimulated the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2, compared to untreated fibroblasts, whereas no significant effect was observed after treatment with the non-glycosylated ECD, IgI, and IgII domains. Western blot analysis from cell extracts and supernatants revealed that only the glycosylated forms were able to stimulate MMP-2 production and secretion, respectively. Quantitative PCR revealed that this effect was not attributed to transcriptional alterations. This study showed that N-glycosylation was a prerequisite for efficient MMP-2 production, with the IgII loop domain contributing significantly to this process. Perturbation of the function of IgII-EMMPRIN loop could have potential therapeutic value in the inhibition of MMP-2-dependent cancer cell invasion and metastasis.

Identification of prolyl carboxypeptidase as an alternative enzyme for processing of renal angiotensin II using mass spectrometry

PubMed Central

Grobe, Nadja; Weir, Nathan M.; Leiva, Orly; Ong, Frank S.; Bernstein, Kenneth E.; Schmaier, Alvin H.; Morris, Mariana

2013-01-01

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) catalyzes conversion of ANG II to ANG-(1–7). The present study uses newly established proteomic approaches and genetic mouse models to examine the contribution of alternative renal peptidases to ACE2-independent formation of ANG-(1–7). In situ and in vitro mass spectrometric characterization showed that substrate concentration and pH control renal ANG II processing. At pH ≥6, ANG-(1–7) formation was significantly reduced in ACE2 knockout (KO) mice. However, at pH <6, formation of ANG-(1–7) in ACE2 KO mice was similar to that in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting alternative peptidases for renal ANG II processing. Furthermore, the dual prolyl carboxypeptidase (PCP)-prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor Z-prolyl-prolinal reduced ANG-(1–7) formation in ACE2 KO mice, while the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760 had no effect. Unlike the ACE2 KO mice, ANG-(1–7) formation from ANG II in PEP KO mice was not different from that in WT mice at any tested pH. However, at pH 5, this reaction was significantly reduced in kidneys and urine of PCP-depleted mice. In conclusion, results suggest that ACE2 metabolizes ANG II in the kidney at neutral and basic pH, while PCP catalyzes the same reaction at acidic pH. This is the first report demonstrating that renal ANG-(1–7) formation from ANG II is independent of ACE2. Elucidation of ACE2-independent ANG-(1–7) production pathways may have clinically important implications in patients with metabolic and renal disease. PMID:23392115

Domestic Aluminum Resources: Dilemmas of Development. Volume II. Appendixes II-VII. Detailed Agency Comments and GAO Response.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-17

31 Clay/hydrochloric acid, gas - induced crystallization 32 Clay/nitric acid evaporative crystallization 32 Clay/hydrochloric acid, evapora- tive...ALUMINA AND ALUMINUM TECHNOLOGIES 53 Evaluation of nonbauxitic alumina production processes 54 Clay/carbo-chlorination 54 Clay/hydrochloric acid, gas ...reports that the miniplant program is centered on a single process-- clay/hydrochloric acid- gas precipitation. The Bureau of Mines has not retreated

Kineococcus radiotolerans Dps forms a heteronuclear Mn-Fe ferroxidase center that may explain the Mn-dependent protection against oxidative stress.

PubMed

Ardini, Matteo; Fiorillo, Annarita; Fittipaldi, Maria; Stefanini, Simonetta; Gatteschi, Dante; Ilari, Andrea; Chiancone, Emilia

2013-06-01

The ferroxidase center of DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps) is a major player in the iron oxidation/detoxification process that leads to a decreased reactive oxygen species production. The possible Mn(II) participation in this process has been studied in Dps from Kineococcus radiotolerans, a radiation-resistant bacterium with a high cytosolic Mn/Fe ratio and a high capacity to survive ionizing and stress conditions. The X-ray structure of recombinant K. radiotolerans Dps loaded with Mn(II) has been solved at 2.0Å resolution. Mn(II) binding to K. radiotolerans Dps and its effect on Fe(II) oxidation have been characterized in spectroscopic measurements. In K. radiotolerans Dps, the Fe-Fe ferroxidase center can have a Mn-Fe composition. Mn(II) binds only at the high affinity, so-called A site, whereas Fe(II) binds also at the low affinity, so-called B site. The Mn-Fe and Fe-Fe centers behave distinctly upon iron oxidation by O2. A site-bound Mn(II) or Fe(II) plays a catalytic role, while B site-bound Fe(II) behaves like a substrate and can be replaced by another Fe(II) after oxidation. When H2O2 is the Fe(II) oxidant, single electrons are transferred to aromatic residues near the ferroxidase center and give rise to intra-protein radicals thereby limiting OH release in solution. The presence of the Mn-Fe center results in significant differences in the development of such intra-protein radicals. Mn(II) bound at the Dps ferroxidase center A site undergoes redox cycling provided the B site contains Fe. The results provide a likely molecular mechanism for the protective role of Mn(II) under oxidative stress conditions as it participates in redox cycling in the hetero-binuclear ferroxidase center. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Probabilistic properties of injection induced seismicity - implications for the seismic hazard analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lasocki, Stanislaw; Urban, Pawel; Kwiatek, Grzegorz; Martinez-Garzón, Particia

2017-04-01

Injection induced seismicity (IIS) is an undesired dynamic rockmass response to massive fluid injections. This includes reactions, among others, to hydro-fracturing for shale gas exploitation. Complexity and changeability of technological factors that induce IIS, may result in significant deviations of the observed distributions of seismic process parameters from the models, which perform well in natural, tectonic seismic processes. Classic formulations of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in natural seismicity assume the seismic marked point process to be a stationary Poisson process, whose marks - magnitudes are governed by a Gutenberg-Richter born exponential distribution. It is well known that the use of an inappropriate earthquake occurrence model and/or an inappropriate of magnitude distribution model leads to significant systematic errors of hazard estimates. It is therefore of paramount importance to check whether the mentioned, commonly used in natural seismicity assumptions on the seismic process, can be safely used in IIS hazard problems or not. Seismicity accompanying shale gas operations is widely studied in the framework of the project "Shale Gas Exploration and Exploitation Induced Risks" (SHEER). Here we present results of SHEER project investigations of such seismicity from Oklahoma and of a proxy of such seismicity - IIS data from The Geysers geothermal field. We attempt to answer to the following questions: • Do IIS earthquakes follow the Gutenberg-Richter distribution law, so that the magnitude distribution can be modelled by an exponential distribution? • Is the occurrence process of IIS earthquakes Poissonian? Is it segmentally Poissonian? If yes, how are these segments linked to cycles of technological operations? Statistical tests indicate that the Gutenberg-Richter relation born exponential distribution model for magnitude is, in general, inappropriate. The magnitude distribution can be complex, multimodal, with no ready-to-use functional model. In this connection, we recommend to use in hazard analyses non-parametric, kernel estimators of magnitude distribution. The earthquake occurrence process of IIS is not a Poisson process. When earthquakes' occurrences are influenced by a multitude of inducing factors, the interevent time distribution can be modelled by the Weibull distribution supporting a negative ageing property of the process. When earthquake occurrences are due to a specific injection activity, the earthquake rate directly depends on the injection rate and responds immediately to the changes of the injection rate. Furthermore, this response is not limited only to correlated variations of the seismic activity but it also concerns significant changes of the shape of interevent time distribution. Unlike the event rate, the shape of magnitude distribution does not exhibit correlation with the injection rate. This work was supported within SHEER: "Shale Gas Exploration and Exploitation Induced Risks" project funded from Horizon 2020 - R&I Framework Programme, call H2020-LCE 16-2014-1 and within statutory activities No3841/E-41/S/2016 of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland.

EPR, UV-vis, magnetic, spectral studies and electrochemical behaviour of mononuclear transition metal complexes derived from novel hexa-aza-macrotricyclic ligand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chandra, Sulekh; Gupta, Nidhi; Gupta, Rachna; Bawa, Sukhwant Singh

2005-11-01

Aza-macrocyclic complexes have gained importance because of their pharmacological properties [N.K. Singh, Srivastava, Trans. Met. Chem. 25 (2000) 133]. Hexa-aza-macrocyles containing glutarimide efficiently coordinate as hexa-dentate ligand, to give complexes of Cu(II) possessing tetragonal structure and Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) metal ions that are essentially octahedral. Spectroscopic, and chemical characterizations of these systems are presented in this article. For Ni(II) complexes results on electron transfer processes measured by cyclic voltammetry and colourimetry have been studied.

Railroad Classification Yard Technology Manual: Volume II : Yard Computer Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-08-01

This volume (Volume II) of the Railroad Classification Yard Technology Manual documents the railroad classification yard computer systems methodology. The subjects covered are: functional description of process control and inventory computer systems,...

7 CFR 3560.57 - Designated places for section 515 housing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... on: (i) The incidence of poverty, (ii) The existence of substandard housing, (iii) The lack of... designated place for processing. (ii) A previously funded Agency, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban...

Stability of polymorphic forms of ranitidine hydrochloride.

PubMed

Wu, V; Rades, T; Saville, D J

2000-07-01

Ranitidine-HCl can exist in two different polymorphic forms: form I (m.p. 134-140 degrees C) and form II (m.p. 140-144 degrees C). In the present study the stability of form I of ranitidine-HCl to a selection of powder pretreatments, to reflect conditions which might occur in manufacturing procedures, and also to a limited range of storage conditions was investigated. The original samples of form I and form II used were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A quantitative XRPD method for determining the fraction of form II in the presence of form I was used. XRPD data were analysed using regression techniques and artificial neural networks (ANN). The quantitative XRPD technique was then used to monitor the relative proportion of form II in each treated sample. Pretreatments of form I included (i) mixing with form II or with common excipients (ii) compression and grinding (iii) contact with solvents (followed by drying) before storage. Storage conditions involved three temperatures (20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 42 degrees C) and three relative humidities (45% RH; 55% RH; 75% RH). Samples were stored for a period of 6 months. A limited factorial design was used. No increase in the form II:form I ratio was observed in the following pretreatment processes: introduction of form II nuclei into form I; introduction of excipients to form I; compression of form I powder at 5 and 15 tons; normal mixing and grinding processes; addition of isopropanol (IPA) or water/IPA mix followed by drying. In the pretreatment process where water was added to form I powder (with most or all of the powder dissolving), drying of the liquefied mass led to a mix of form I and form II. On storage at room temperature (20-30 degrees C), low relative humidity (45-55% RH), and in an air-tight container there was no increase in the form II:form I ratio. Storage of form I/form II mixes, particularly at high humidity, resulted in a preferential loss of form II (compared to form I). Loss was greater at 30 degrees C/75% RH than at 20 degrees C/75% RH. Form II was also preferentially lost under low humidity conditions created by a saturated solution of potassium carbonate (45% RH) at the elevated temperature of 42 degrees C. This environment was shown to be acidic.

Tuning the spin ground state in heterononanuclear nickel(II)-copper(II) cylinders with a triangular metallacyclophane core.

PubMed

Dul, Marie-Claire; Ferrando-Soria, Jesús; Pardo, Emilio; Lescouëzec, Rodrigue; Journaux, Yves; Ruiz-García, Rafael; Cano, Joan; Julve, Miguel; Lloret, Francesc; Fabelo, Oscar; Pasán, Jorge; Ruiz-Pérez, Catalina

2010-12-20

Two new heterometallic Ni(II)(n)Cu(II)((9-n)) complexes [n = 1 (2) and 2 (3)] have been synthesized following a multicomponent self-assembly process from a n:(3 - n):2:6 stoichiometric mixture of Ni(2+), Cu(2+), L(6-), and [CuL'](2+), where L and L' are the bridging and blocking ligands 1,3,5-benzenetris(oxamate) and N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, respectively. Complexes 2 and 3 possess a unique cyclindrical architecture formed by three oxamato-bridged trinuclear linear units connected through two 1,3,5-substituted benzenetris(amidate) bridges, giving a triangular metallacyclophane core. They behave as a ferromagnetically coupled trimer of two (2)/one (3) S = (1)/(2) Cu(II)(3) plus one (2)/two (3) S = 0 Ni(II)Cu(II)(2) linear units with overall S = 1 Ni(II)Cu(II)(8) (2) and S = (1)/(2) Ni(II)(2)Cu(II)(7) (3) ground states.

H-II launch vehicle telemetry system realizing intelligent control of pre-processed data from remote terminal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanioka, Noritaka; Yoshida, Yasunori; Obi, Shinzo; Chiba, Ryoichi; Nakai, Kazumoto

The development of a PCM telemetry system for the Japanese H-II launch vehicle is discussed. PCM data streams acquire and process data from remote terminals which can be located at any place near the data source. The data are synchronized by a clock and are individually controlled by a central PCM data processing unit. The system allows the launch vehicle to acquire data from many different areas of the rocket, with a total of 879 channels. The data are multiplexed and processed into one PCM data stream and are down-linked on a phase-modulated RF carrier.

Group II p21-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer.

PubMed

Shao, Yang-Guang; Ning, Ke; Li, Feng

2016-01-21

P21-activated kinases (PAKs) are central players in various oncogenic signaling pathways. The six PAK family members are classified into group I (PAK1-3) and group II (PAK4-6). Focus is currently shifting from group I PAKs to group II PAKs. Group II PAKs play important roles in many fundamental cellular processes, some of which have particular significance in the development and progression of cancer. Because of their important functions, group II PAKs have become popular potential drug target candidates. However, few group II PAKs inhibitors have been reported, and most do not exhibit satisfactory kinase selectivity and "drug-like" properties. Isoform- and kinase-selective PAK inhibitors remain to be developed. This review describes the biological activities of group II PAKs, the importance of group II PAKs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal cancer, and small-molecule inhibitors of group II PAKs for the treatment of cancer.

Validation of Arabic and English versions of the ARSMA-II Acculturation Rating Scale.

PubMed

Jadalla, Ahlam; Lee, Jerry

2015-02-01

To translate and adapt the Acculturation Rating Scale of Mexican-Americans II (ARSMA-II) for Arab Americans. A multistage translation process followed by a pilot and a large study. The translated and adapted versions, Acculturation Rating Scale for Arabic Americans-II Arabic and English (ARSAA-IIA, ARSAA-IIE), were validated in a sample of 297 Arab Americans. Factor analyses with principal axis factoring extractions and direct oblimin rotations were used to identify the underlying structure of ARSAA-II. Factor analysis confirmed the underlying structure of ARSAA-II and produced two interpretable factors labeled as 'Attraction to American Culture' (AAmC) and 'Attraction to Arabic Culture' (AArC). The Cronbach's alphas of AAmC and AArC were .89 and .85 respectively. Findings support ARSAA-II A & E to assess acculturation among Arab Americans. The emergent factors of ARSAA-II support the theoretical structure of the original ARSMA-II tool and show high internal consistency.

A One-Pot Self-Assembly Reaction to Prepare a Supramolecular Palladium(II) Cyclometalated Complex: An Undergraduate Organometallic Laboratory Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandez, Alberto; Lopez-Torres, Margarita; Fernandez, Jesus J.; Vazquez-Garcia, Digna; Vila, Jose M.

2012-01-01

A laboratory experiment for students in advanced inorganic chemistry is described. Students prepare palladium(II) cyclometalated complexes. A terdentate [C,N,O] Schiff base ligand is doubly deprotonated upon reaction with palladium(II) acetate in a self-assembly process to give a palladacycle with a characteristic tetranuclear structure. This…

Structure and activity of a new low-molecular-weight heparin produced by enzymatic ultrafiltration.

PubMed

Fu, Li; Zhang, Fuming; Li, Guoyun; Onishi, Akihiro; Bhaskar, Ujjwal; Sun, Peilong; Linhardt, Robert J

2014-05-01

The standard process for preparing the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) tinzaparin, through the partial enzymatic depolymerization of heparin, results in a reduced yield because of the formation of a high content of undesired disaccharides and tetrasaccharides. An enzymatic ultrafiltration reactor for LMWH preparation was developed to overcome this problem. The behavior, of the heparin oligosaccharides and polysaccharides using various membranes and conditions, was investigated to optimize this reactor. A novel product, LMWH-II, was produced from the controlled depolymerization of heparin using heparin lyase II in this optimized ultrafiltration reactor. Enzymatic ultrafiltration provides easy control and high yields (>80%) of LMWH-II. The molecular weight properties of LMWH-II were similar to other commercial LMWHs. The structure of LMWH-II closely matched heparin's core structural features. Most of the common process artifacts, present in many commercial LWMHs, were eliminated as demonstrated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antithrombin III and platelet factor-4 binding affinity of LMWH-II were comparable to commercial LMWHs, as was its in vitro anticoagulant activity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

Simulating neutron star mergers as r-process sources in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Scannapieco, Evan

2017-10-01

To explain the high observed abundances of r-process elements in local ultrafaint dwarf (UFD) galaxies, we perform cosmological zoom simulations that include r-process production from neutron star mergers (NSMs). We model star formation stochastically and simulate two different haloes with total masses ≈108 M⊙ at z = 6. We find that the final distribution of [Eu/H] versus [Fe/H] is relatively insensitive to the energy by which the r-process material is ejected into the interstellar medium, but strongly sensitive to the environment in which the NSM event occurs. In one halo, the NSM event takes place at the centre of the stellar distribution, leading to high levels of r-process enrichment such as seen in a local UFD, Reticulum II (Ret II). In a second halo, the NSM event takes place outside of the densest part of the galaxy, leading to a more extended r-process distribution. The subsequent star formation occurs in an interstellar medium with shallow levels of r-process enrichment that results in stars with low levels of [Eu/H] compared to Ret II stars even when the maximum possible r-process mass is assumed to be ejected. This suggests that the natal kicks of neutron stars may also play an important role in determining the r-process abundances in UFD galaxies, a topic that warrants further theoretical investigation.

Modeling Neutron stars as r-process sources in Ultra Faint Dwarf galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher; Scannapieco, Evan

2018-06-01

To explain the high observed abundances of r-process elements in local ultrafaint dwarf (UFD) galaxies, we perform cosmological zoom simulations that include r-process production from neutron star mergers (NSMs). We model star formation stochastically and simulate two different haloes with total masses ≈108 M⊙ at z = 6. We find that the final distribution of [Eu/H] versus [Fe/H] is relatively insensitive to the energy by which the r-process material is ejected into the interstellar medium, but strongly sensitive to the environment in which the NSM event occurs. In one halo, the NSM event takes place at the centre of the stellar distribution, leading to high levels of r-process enrichment such as seen in a local UFD, Reticulum II (Ret II). In a second halo, the NSM event takes place outside of the densest part of the galaxy, leading to a more extended r-process distribution. The subsequent star formation occurs in an interstellar medium with shallow levels of r-process enrichment that results in stars with low levels of [Eu/H] compared to Ret II stars even when the maximum possible r-process mass is assumed to be ejected. This suggests that the natal kicks of neutron stars may also play an important role in determining the r-process abundances in UFD galaxies, a topic that warrants further theoretical investigation.

o-Vanillin functionalized mesoporous silica – coated magnetite nanoparticles for efficient removal of Pb(II) from water

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Culita, Daniela C., E-mail: danaculita@yahoo.co.uk; Simonescu, Claudia Maria; Patescu, Rodica-Elena

2016-06-15

o-Vanillin functionalized mesoporous silica – coated magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MCM-41-N-oVan) was synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N{sub 2} adsorption–desorption technique and magnetic measurements. The capacity of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MCM-41-N-oVan to adsorb Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was evaluated in comparison with raw mesoporous silica – coated magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MCM-41) and amino – modified mesoporous silica coated magnetite (Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MCM-41-NH{sub 2}). The effect of adsorption process parameters such us pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration was also investigated. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting a maximummore » adsorption capacity of 155.71 mg/g at pH=4.4 and T=298 K. The results revealed that the adsorption rate was very high at the beginning of the adsorption process, 80–90% of the total amount of Pb(II) being removed within the first 60 min, depending on the initial concentration. The results of the present work suggest that Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}@MCM-41-N-oVan is a suitable candidate for the separation of Pb(II) from contaminated water. - Graphical abstract: A novel magnetic adsorbent based on o-vanillin functionalized mesoporous silica – coated magnetite was synthesized and fully characterized and its adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions in aqueous solutions was evaluated. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ions was determined to be 155.71 mg g{sup −1}. The adsorption rate was very high at the beginning of the adsorption process, 90% of the total amount of Pb(II) being removed within the first 60 min. Display Omitted.« less

Preliminary Evaluation of Air Quality Model Performance Utilizing Measurements at the University of Houston Moody Tower and others during the TexAQS-II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Byun, D. W.; Rappenglueck, B.; Lefer, B.

2007-12-01

Accurate meteorological and photochemical modeling efforts are necessary to understand the measurements made during the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS-II). The main objective of the study is to understand the meteorological and chemical processes of high ozone and regional haze events in the Eastern Texas, including the Houston-Galveston metropolitan area. Real-time and retrospective meteorological and photochemical model simulations were performed to study key physical and chemical processes in the Houston Galveston Area. In particular, the Vertical Mixing Experiment (VME) at the University of Houston campus was performed on selected days during the TexAQS-II. Results of the MM5 meteorological model and CMAQ air quality model simulations were compared with the VME and other TexAQS-II measurements to understand the interaction of the boundary layer dynamics and photochemical evolution affecting Houston air quality.

Removal of Cd (II) from water using the waste of jatropha fruit ( Jatropha curcas L.)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nacke, Herbert; Gonçalves, Affonso Celso; Coelho, Gustavo Ferreira; Schwantes, Daniel; Campagnolo, Marcelo Angelo; Leismann, Eduardo Ariel Völz; Junior, Élio Conradi; Miola, Alisson Junior

2017-10-01

The aim of this work was to evaluate the removal of Cd (II) from water using three biosorbents originated from the biomass of jatropha (bark, endosperm, and endosperm + tegument). For that, batch tests were performed to verify the effect of solution pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, initial concentration of Cd (II), and the temperature of the process. The adsorption process was evaluated by the studies of kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The ideal conditions of solution pH were 5.5 and 8 g L-1 of adsorbent mass of biosorbents by solution volume, with an equilibrium time of 60 min. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity for bark, endosperm, and bark + endosperm of jatropha was, respectively, 29.665, 19.562, and 34.674 mg g-1, predominating chemisorption in monolayers. The biosorbents presented potential for the remediation of waters contaminated with Cd (II).

Composition, apparatus, and process, for sorption of gaseous compounds of group II-VII elements

DOEpatents

Tom, Glenn M.; McManus, James V.; Luxon, Bruce A.

1991-08-06

Scavenger compositions are disclosed, which have utility for effecting the sorptive removal of hazardous gases containing Group II-VII elements of the Periodic Table, such as are widely encountered in the manufacture of semiconducting materials and semiconductor devices. Gas sorption processes including the contacting of Group II-VII gaseous compounds with such scavenger compositions are likewise disclosed, together with critical space velocity contacting conditions pertaining thereto. Further described are gas contacting apparatus, including mesh structures which may be deployed in gas contacting vessels containing such scavenger compositions, to prevent solids from being introduced to or discharged from the contacting vessel in the gas stream undergoing treatment. A reticulate heat transfer structure also is disclosed, for dampening localized exothermic reaction fronts when gas mixtures comprising Group II-VII constituents are contacted with the scavenger compositions in bulk sorption contacting vessels according to the invention.

Facile and green preparation of novel adsorption materials by combining sol-gel with ion imprinting technology for selective removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Zhongqi; Zhu, Xinyan; Du, Jian; Kong, Delong; Wang, Nian; Wang, Zhuo; Wang, Qi; Liu, Wei; Li, Qunsheng; Zhou, Zhiyong

2018-03-01

A novel green adsorption polymer was prepared by ion imprinted technology in conjunction with sol-gel process under mild conditions for the selective removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. Effects of preparation conditions on adsorption performance of prepared polymers were studied. The ion-imprinted polymer was prepared using Cu(II) ion as template, N-[3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane (AAPTMS) as functional monomer and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as cross-linker. Water was used as solvent in the whole preparation process. The imprinted and non-imprinted polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and zeta potential. Three-dimensional network structure was formed and functional monomer was successfully cross-linked into the network structure of polymers. Effects of adsorption conditions on adsorption performance of prepared polymers were studied too. The pH value is of great influence on adsorption behavior. Adsorption by ion-imprinted polymer was fast (adsorption equilibrium was reached within 60 min). The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer was always larger than that of non-imprinted polymer. Pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model fitted well with adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer was 39.82 mg·g-1. However, the preparation conditions used in this work are much milder than those reported in literatures. The Cu(II) ion-imprinted polymer showed high selectivity and relative selectivity coefficients for Pb(II), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Co(II). In addition, the prepared ion-imprinted polymer could be reused several times without significant loss of adsorption capacity.

Antigen-B Cell Receptor Complexes Associate with Intracellular major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II Molecules*

PubMed Central

Barroso, Margarida; Tucker, Heidi; Drake, Lisa; Nichol, Kathleen; Drake, James R.

2015-01-01

Antigen processing and MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and B cells allows the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells and cognate interactions between B cells and effector CD4+ T cells, respectively. B cells are unique among class II-restricted antigen-presenting cells in that they have a clonally restricted antigen-specific receptor, the B cell receptor (BCR), which allows the cell to recognize and respond to trace amounts of foreign antigen present in a sea of self-antigens. Moreover, engagement of peptide-class II complexes formed via BCR-mediated processing of cognate antigen has been shown to result in a unique pattern of B cell activation. Using a combined biochemical and imaging/FRET approach, we establish that internalized antigen-BCR complexes associate with intracellular class II molecules. We demonstrate that the M1-paired MHC class II conformer, shown previously to be critical for CD4 T cell activation, is incorporated selectively into these complexes and loaded selectively with peptide derived from BCR-internalized cognate antigen. These results demonstrate that, in B cells, internalized antigen-BCR complexes associate with intracellular MHC class II molecules, potentially defining a site of class II peptide acquisition, and reveal a selective role for the M1-paired class II conformer in the presentation of cognate antigen. These findings provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms used by B cells to control the source of peptides charged onto class II molecules, allowing the immune system to mount an antibody response focused on BCR-reactive cognate antigen. PMID:26400081

AWIPS II in the University Community: Unidata's efforts and capabilities of the software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramamurthy, Mohan; James, Michael

2015-04-01

The Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System, version II (AWIPS II) is a weather forecasting, display and analysis tool that is used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service (NOAA/NWS) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to ingest analyze and disseminate operational weather data. The AWIPS II software is built on a Service Oriented Architecture, takes advantage of open source software, and its design affords expandability, flexibility, and portability. Since many university meteorology programs are eager to use the same tools used by NWS forecasters, Unidata community interest in AWIPS II is high. The Unidata Program Center (UPC) has worked closely with NCEP staff during AWIPS II development in order to devise a way to make it available to the university. The Unidata AWIPS II software was released in beta form in 2014, and it incorporates a number of key changes to the baseline U. S. National Weather Service release to process and display additional data formats and run all components in a single-server standalone configuration. In addition to making available open-source instances of the software libraries that can be downloaded and run at any university, Unidata has also deployed the data-server side of AWIPS II, known as EDEX, in the Amazon Web Service and Microsoft Azure cloud environments. In this set up, universities receive all of the data from remote cloud instances, while they only have to run the AWIPS II client, known as CAVE, to analyze and visualize the data. In this presentation, we will describe Unidata's AWIPS II efforts, including the capabilities of the software in visualizing many different types of real-time meteorological data and its myriad uses in university and other settings.

Depleted uranium startup of spent-fuel treatment operations at ANL-West

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goff, K.M.; Mariani, R.D.; Bonomo, N.L.

1995-12-31

At Argonne National Laboratory-West (ANL-West) there are several thousand kilograms of Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) spent nuclear fuel. This fuel will be treated using an electrometallurgical process in the fuel conditioning facility (FCF) at ANL-West to produce stable waste forms for storage and disposal. The process equipment is undergoing testing with depleted uranium in preparation for irradiated fuel operations during the summer of 1995.

Delta II JPSS-1 Final Fueling Configuration

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-25

Equipment is set up for the processing of NOAA's Joint Polar Satellite System-1, or JPSS-1, inside the Astrotech Processing Facility at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The spacecraft is being prepared for its upcoming liftoff aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket from Vandenberg's Space Launch Complex-2W. JPSS-1 is the first in a series four next-generation environmental satellites in a collaborative program between NOAA and NASA.

Pt(ii) coordination complexes as visible light photocatalysts for the oxidation of sulfides using batch and flow processes.

PubMed

Casado-Sánchez, Antonio; Gómez-Ballesteros, Rocío; Tato, Francisco; Soriano, Francisco J; Pascual-Coca, Gustavo; Cabrera, Silvia; Alemán, José

2016-07-12

A new catalytic system for the photooxidation of sulfides based on Pt(ii) complexes is presented. The catalyst is capable of oxidizing a large number of sulfides containing aryl, alkyl, allyl, benzyl, as well as more complex structures such as heterocycles and methionine amino acid, with complete chemoselectivity. In addition, the first sulfur oxidation in a continuous flow process has been developed.

Navy Successes and Challenges in Cr6+ Minimization

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-12

Authorization to Use Hexavalent Chromium. YES NO • Approval of alternatives by W/S PM and Corrosion SME designee. • Change technical/maintenance...Inorganic Coatings and Processes – Alternatives authorized for • Aluminum and magnesium anodizing • Hard Chrome Plating • Type II, Class 1A conversion...savings due to use of aluminum cathodes – Allows for consolidation of anodizing processes – Elimination of Hexavalent Chromium 80% 5% 14% 1% Type II

ARPANET Routing Algorithm Improvements. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

the currently active PROCESS (at the head of the scheduling list). TIME returns the time. PASSIVATE puts the CURRENT PROCESS to sleep , and wakes uD...Ccntract. Network buffer managemenL issues are discussed and a new buffer managemet scheme for f the ARPANET is designed. Logical addressing is discussed...and a design is given for a logical addressing scheme suitable for ARPANET or DIN II. The applicability of ARPANET Routing to DIN II is evaluaced. The

Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical study on novel non-peripherally tetra 1,2,4-triazole substituted phthalocyanines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demirbaş, Ümit; Akyüz, Duygu; Akçay, Hakkı Türker; Koca, Atıf; Bekircan, Olcay; Kantekin, Halit

2018-03-01

In the present study novel tetra 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thio substituted non-peripherally metal free (4), zinc(II) (5), lead (II) (6) and copper(II) (7) phthalocyanines were synthesized. The obtained novel compounds were characterized by a combination of FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis and MALDI-TOF techniques. The redox properties of the complexes have been investigated via cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry. The compounds displayed ring-based, reversible and/or quasi-reversible reduction and oxidation processes and aggregation of the complexes influenced the redox character of the processes. The color changes during the redox processes of metallo phthalocyanine were recorded by in-situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. In situ UV-vis spectroelectrochemical measurements, which was associated with color change of the complexes, showed their applicability in the fields of the electrochemical technologies.

Maximum efficiency of the collisional Penrose process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaslavskii, O. B.

2016-09-01

We consider the collision of two particles that move in the equatorial plane near a general stationary rotating axially symmetric extremal black hole. One of the particles is critical (with fine-tuned parameters) and moves in the outward direction. The second particle (usual, not fine-tuned) comes from infinity. We examine the efficiency η of the collisional Penrose process. There are two relevant cases here: a particle falling into a black hole after collision (i) is heavy or (ii) has a finite mass. We show that the maximum of η in case (ii) is less than or equal to that in case (i). It is argued that for superheavy particles, the bound applies to nonequatorial motion as well. As an example, we analyze collision in the Kerr-Newman background. When the bound is the same for processes (i) and (ii), η =3 for this metric. For the Kerr black hole, recent results in the literature are reproduced.

A nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant on reorganization energy for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu Weilin; Li Songtao; Zhou Xiaochun

2006-05-07

In the present work a nonmonotonic dependence of standard rate constant (k{sup 0}) on reorganization energy ({lambda}) was discovered qualitatively from electron transfer (Marcus-Hush-Levich) theory for heterogeneous electron transfer processes on electrode surface. It was found that the nonmonotonic dependence of k{sup 0} on {lambda} is another result, besides the disappearance of the famous Marcus inverted region, coming from the continuum of electronic states in electrode: with the increase of {lambda}, the states for both Process I and Process II ET processes all vary from nonadiabatic to adiabatic state continuously, and the {lambda} dependence of k{sup 0} for Process Imore » is monotonic thoroughly, while for Process II on electrode surface the {lambda} dependence of k{sup 0} could show a nonmonotonicity.« less

Postsynthetic Improvement of the Physical Properties in a Metal-Organic Framework through a Single Crystal to Single Crystal Transmetallation.

PubMed

Grancha, Thais; Ferrando-Soria, Jesús; Zhou, Hong-Cai; Gascon, Jorge; Seoane, Beatriz; Pasán, Jorge; Fabelo, Oscar; Julve, Miguel; Pardo, Emilio

2015-05-26

A single crystal to single crystal transmetallation process takes place in the three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF) of formula Mg(II) 2 {Mg(II) 4 [Cu(II) 2 (Me3 mpba)2 ]3 }⋅45 H2 O (1; Me3 mpba(4-) =N,N'-2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenebis(oxamate)). After complete replacement of the Mg(II) ions within the coordination network and those hosted in the channels by either Co(II) or Ni(II) ions, 1 is transmetallated to yield two novel MOFs of formulae Co2 (II) {Co(II) 4 [Cu(II) 2 (Me3 mpba)2 ]3 }⋅56 H2 O (2) and Ni2 (II) {Ni(II) 4 [Cu(II) 2 (Me3 mpba)2 ]3 }⋅ 54 H2 O (3). This unique postsynthetic metal substitution affords materials with higher structural stability leading to enhanced gas sorption and magnetic properties. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Atmospheric Processing of Volcanic Glass: Effects on Iron Solubility and Redox Speciation.

PubMed

Maters, Elena C; Delmelle, Pierre; Bonneville, Steeve

2016-05-17

Volcanic ash from explosive eruptions can provide iron (Fe) to oceanic regions where this micronutrient limits primary production. Controls on the soluble Fe fraction in ash remain poorly understood but Fe solubility is likely influenced during atmospheric transport by condensation-evaporation cycles which induce large pH fluctuations. Using glass powder as surrogate for ash, we experimentally simulate its atmospheric processing via cycles of pH 2 and 5 exposure. Glass fractional Fe solubility (maximum 0.4%) is governed by the pH 2 exposure duration rather than by the pH fluctuations, however; pH 5 exposure induces precipitation of Fe-bearing nanoparticles which (re)dissolve at pH 2. Glass leaching/dissolution release Fe(II) and Fe(III) which are differentially affected by changes in pH; the average dissolved Fe(II)/Fetot ratio is ∼0.09 at pH 2 versus ∼0.18 at pH 5. Iron release at pH 2 from glass with a relatively high bulk Fe(II)/Fetot ratio (0.5), limited aqueous Fe(II) oxidation at pH 5, and possibly glass-mediated aqueous Fe(III) reduction may render atmospherically processed ash a significant source of Fe(II) for phytoplankton. By providing new insight into the form(s) of Fe associated with ash as wet aerosol versus cloud droplet, we improve knowledge of atmospheric controls on volcanogenic Fe delivery to the ocean.

Luminescent zinc(ii) and copper(i) complexes for high-performance solution-processed monochromic and white organic light-emitting devices.

PubMed

Cheng, Gang; So, Gary Kwok-Ming; To, Wai-Pong; Chen, Yong; Kwok, Chi-Chung; Ma, Chensheng; Guan, Xiangguo; Chang, Xiaoyong; Kwok, Wai-Ming; Che, Chi-Ming

2015-08-01

The synthesis and spectroscopic properties of luminescent tetranuclear zinc(ii) complexes of substituted 7-azaindoles and a series of luminescent copper(i) complexes containing 7,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)-7,8-dicarba- nido -undecaborate ligand are described. These complexes are stable towards air and moisture. Thin film samples of the luminescent copper(i) complexes in 2,6-dicarbazolo-1,5-pyridine and zinc(ii) complexes in poly(methyl methacrylate) showed emission quantum yields of up to 0.60 (for Cu-3 ) and 0.96 (for Zn-1 ), respectively. Their photophysical properties were examined by ultrafast time-resolved emission spectroscopy, temperature dependent emission lifetime measurements and density functional theory calculations. Monochromic blue and orange solution-processed OLEDs with these Zn(ii) and Cu(i) complexes as light-emitting dopants have been fabricated, respectively. Maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.55% and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.19) were accomplished with the optimized Zn-1 -OLED while these values were, respectively 15.64% and (0.48, 0.51) for the optimized Cu-3 -OLED. Solution-processed white OLEDs having maximum EQE of 6.88%, CIE coordinates of (0.42, 0.44), and colour rendering index of 81 were fabricated by using these luminescent Zn(ii) and Cu(i) complexes as blue and orange light-emitting dopant materials, respectively.

Iron oxidation kinetics and phosphate immobilization along the flow-path from groundwater into surface water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Grift, B.; Rozemeijer, J. C.; Griffioen, J.; van der Velde, Y.

2014-11-01

The retention of phosphorus in surface waters through co-precipitation of phosphate with Fe-oxyhydroxides during exfiltration of anaerobic Fe(II) rich groundwater is not well understood. We developed an experimental field set-up to study Fe(II) oxidation and P immobilization along the flow-path from groundwater into surface water in an agricultural experimental catchment of a small lowland river. We physically separated tube drain effluent from groundwater discharge before it entered a ditch in an agricultural field. Through continuous discharge measurements and weekly water quality sampling of groundwater, tube drain water, exfiltrated groundwater, and surface water, we investigated Fe(II) oxidation kinetics and P immobilization processes. The oxidation rate inferred from our field measurements closely agreed with the general rate law for abiotic oxidation of Fe(II) by O2. Seasonal changes in climatic conditions affected the Fe(II) oxidation process. Lower pH and lower temperatures in winter (compared to summer) resulted in low Fe oxidation rates. After exfiltration to the surface water, it took a couple of days to more than a week before complete oxidation of Fe(II) is reached. In summer time, Fe oxidation rates were much higher. The Fe concentrations in the exfiltrated groundwater were low, indicating that dissolved Fe(II) is completely oxidized prior to inflow into a ditch. While the Fe oxidation rates reduce drastically from summer to winter, P concentrations remained high in the groundwater and an order of magnitude lower in the surface water throughout the year. This study shows very fast immobilization of dissolved P during the initial stage of the Fe(II) oxidation process which results in P-depleted water before Fe(II) is completely depleted. This cannot be explained by surface complexation of phosphate to freshly formed Fe-oxyhydroxides but indicates the formation of Fe(III)-phosphate precipitates. The formation of Fe(III)-phosphates at redox gradients seems an important geochemical mechanism in the transformation of dissolved phosphate to structural phosphate and, therefore, a major control on the P retention in natural waters that drain anaerobic aquifers.

From Actinides to Zinc: Using the Full Abundance Pattern of the Brightest Star in Reticulum II to Distinguish between Different r-process Sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Alexander P.; Frebel, Anna

2018-04-01

The ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Reticulum II was enriched by a rare and prolific r-process event, such as a neutron star merger (NSM). To investigate the nature of this event, we present high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy of the brightest star in this galaxy. The high signal-to-noise allows us to determine the abundances of 41 elements, including the radioactive actinide element Th and first ever detections of third r-process peak elements (Os and Ir) in a star outside the Milky Way. The observed neutron-capture element abundances closely match the solar r-process component, except for the first r-process peak, which is significantly lower than solar but matches other r-process enhanced stars. The ratio of the first peak to heavier r-process elements implies that the r-process site produces roughly equal masses of high and low electron fraction ejecta, within a factor of 2. We compare the detailed abundance pattern to predictions from nucleosynthesis calculations of NSMs and magnetorotationally driven jet supernovae, finding that nuclear physics uncertainties dominate over astrophysical uncertainties. We measure {log}{{Th/Eu}}=-0.84+/- 0.06 ({stat})+/- 0.22 ({sys}), somewhat lower than all previous Th/Eu observations. The youngest age we derive from this ratio is 21.7 ± 2.8 (stat) ± 10.3 (sys) Gyr, indicating that current initial production ratios do not describe the r-process event in Reticulum II. The abundances of light elements up to Zn are consistent with extremely metal-poor Milky Way halo stars. They may eventually provide a way to distinguish between NSMs and magnetorotationally driven jet supernovae, but this would require more detailed knowledge of the chemical evolution of Reticulum II. This paper includes data gathered with the 6.5 m Magellan Telescopes located at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile.

Copper(II) catalysis in cyanide conversion into ethyl carbamate in spirits and relevant reactions.

PubMed

Aresta, M; Boscolo, M; Franco, D W

2001-06-01

The role of copper(II) species in the oxidation of inorganic cyanide to cyanate and in the conversion of cyanate or urea into ethyl carbamate was investigated. The oxidation process has been shown to be independent from the dissolved oxygen. Elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy have shown the formation of a mixed copper carbonate/hydroxide in the process of oxidation of cyanide to cyanate in water/ethanol. The complexation to Cu(II) of cyanate formed upon cyanide oxidation makes the former more susceptible to nucleophilic attack from ethanol, with conversion into ethyl carbamate. Comparatively, urea has a minor role with respect to cyanide in the formation of ethyl carbamate. Therefore, the urea present in some samples of Brazilian sugar cane spirit (cachaça) has been shown to have almost no influence on the ethyl carbamate content of cachaças, which comes essentially from cyanide. Fe(II,III) affords results similar to those found with Cu(II). Some suggestions are presented to avoid ethyl carbamate formation in spirits during distillation.

Biosorption of Cd(II) and Cs(I) from aqueous solution by live and dead cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis PTCC 5051.

PubMed

Sayyadi, Shayan; Ahmady-Asbchin, Salman; Kamali, Kasra

2018-02-01

The biosorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Cs(I) using live and dead cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis PTCC 5051 as biosorbents have been investigated in the present research. The influence of different experimental parameters such as initial pH (pHi), shaking rate, sorption time and initial metal concentration was evaluated. The optimum pH was obtained as 4 for Cd(II) and 7 for Cs(I). The experimental adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir linear equation adsorption model. The highest metal uptake values of 0.593 and 0.473 mmol g -1 were calculated for Cd(II) and Cs(I), respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared analysis suggested the involvement of amine, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups during the biosorption process and also indicated that more functional groups were involved in the biosorption process of live adsorbents, compared with those linked to dead biomass. The results showed that the biomass of S. carlsbergensis PTCC 5051 is a suitable biosorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Cs(I) from the aqueous solutions.

A Method for Transferring Photoelectric Photometry Data from Apple II+ to IBM PC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Powell, Harry D.; Miller, James R.; Stephenson, Kipp

1989-06-01

A method is presented for transferring photoelectric photometry data files from an Apple II computer to an IBM PC computer in a form which is compatible with the AAVSO Photoelectric Photometry data collection process.

Intelligent Information Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zabezhailo, M. I.; Finn, V. K.

1996-01-01

An Intelligent Information System (IIS) uses data warehouse technology to facilitate the cycle of data and knowledge processing, including input, standardization, storage, representation, retrieval, calculation, and delivery. This article provides an overview of IIS products and artificial intelligence systems, illustrates examples of IIS…

Living in a material world: Development and evaluation of a new materials science course for non-science majors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brust, Gregory John

This study was designed to discover if there is a difference in the scientific attitudes and process skills between a group of students who were instructed with Living in a Material World and groups of students in non-science majors sections of introductory biology, chemistry, and geology courses at the University of Southern Mississippi (USM). Each of the four courses utilized different instructional techniques. Students' scientific attitudes were measured with the Scientific Attitudes Inventory (SAI II) and their knowledge of science process skills were measured with the Test of Integrated Process Skills (TIPS II). The Group Assessment of Logical Thinking (GALT) was also administered to determine if the cognitive levels of students are comparable. A series of four questionnaires called Qualitative Course Assessments (QCA) were also administered to students in the experimental course to evaluate subtle changes in their understanding of the nature and processes of science and attitudes towards science. Student responses to the QCA questionnaires were triangulated with results of the qualitative instruments, and students' work on the final project. Results of the GALT found a significant difference in the cognitive levels of students in the experimental course (PSC 190) and in one of the control group, the introductory biology (BSC 107). Results of the SAI II and the TIPS II found no significant difference between the experimental group and the control groups. Qualitative analyses of students' responses to selected questions from the TIPS II, selected items on the SAI II, QCA questionnaires, and Materials that Fly project reports demonstrate an improvement in the understanding of the nature and processes of science and a change to positive attitude toward science of students in the experimental group. Students indicated that hands-on, inquiry-based labs and performance assessment were the most effective methods for their learning. These results indicate that science courses for non-science majors should focus on connections to students' daily lives while utilizing an STS curriculum and inquiry-based activities. Future research could focus on long term effects of this type of course as well as the effectiveness of these teaching methods for science majors.

Recellularizing of human acellular dermal matrices imaged by high-definition optical coherence tomography.

PubMed

Boone, Marc A L M; Draye, Jean Pierre; Verween, Gunther; Aiti, Annalisa; Pirnay, Jean-Paul; Verbeken, Gilbert; De Vos, Daniel; Rose, Thomas; Jennes, Serge; Jemec, Gregor B E; Del Marmol, Veronique

2015-05-01

High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) permits real-time 3D imaging of the impact of selected agents on human skin allografts. The real-time 3D HD-OCT assessment of (i) the impact on morphological and cellular characteristics of the processing of human acellular dermal matrices (HADMs) and (ii) repopulation of HADMs in vitro by human fibroblasts and remodelling of the extracellular matrix by these cells. Four different skin decellularization methods, Dispase II/Triton X-100, Dispase II/SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate), NaCl/Triton X-100 and NaCl/SDS, were analysed by HD-OCT. HD-OCT features of epidermal removal, dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ) integrity, cellularity and dermal architecture were correlated with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Human adult dermal fibroblasts were in vitro seeded on the NaCl/Triton X-100 processed HADMs, cultured up to 19 days and evaluated by HD-OCT in comparison with MTT proliferation test and histology. Epidermis was effectively removed by all treatments. DEJ was best preserved after NaCl/Triton X-100 treatment. Dispase II/SDS treatment seemed to remove all cellular debris in comparison with NaCl/Triton X-100 but disturbed the DEJ severely. The dermal micro-architectural structure and vascular spaces of (sub)papillary dermis were best preserved with the NaCl/Triton X-100. The impact on the 3D structure and vascular holes was detrimental with Dispase II/SDS. Elastic fibre fragmentation was only observed after Dispase II incubation. HD-OCT showed that NaCl/Triton X-100 processed matrices permitted in vitro repopulation by human dermal fibroblasts (confirmed by MTT test and histology) and underwent remodelling upon increasing incubation time. Care must be taken in choosing the appropriate processing steps to maintain selected properties of the extracellular matrix in HADMs. Processing HADMs with NaCl/Triton X-100 permits in vitro the proliferation and remodelling activity of human dermal fibroblasts. HD-OCT provides unique real-time and non-invasive 3D imaging of tissue-engineered skin constructs and complementary morphological and cytological information. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Parallel plan execution with self-processing networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dautrechy, C. Lynne; Reggia, James A.

1989-01-01

A critical issue for space operations is how to develop and apply advanced automation techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of working in space. In this context, it is important to examine how recent advances in self-processing networks can be applied for planning and scheduling tasks. For this reason, the feasibility of applying self-processing network models to a variety of planning and control problems relevant to spacecraft activities is being explored. Goals are to demonstrate that self-processing methods are applicable to these problems, and that MIRRORS/II, a general purpose software environment for implementing self-processing models, is sufficiently robust to support development of a wide range of application prototypes. Using MIRRORS/II and marker passing modelling techniques, a model of the execution of a Spaceworld plan was implemented. This is a simplified model of the Voyager spacecraft which photographed Jupiter, Saturn, and their satellites. It is shown that plan execution, a task usually solved using traditional artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, can be accomplished using a self-processing network. The fact that self-processing networks were applied to other space-related tasks, in addition to the one discussed here, demonstrates the general applicability of this approach to planning and control problems relevant to spacecraft activities. It is also demonstrated that MIRRORS/II is a powerful environment for the development and evaluation of self-processing systems.

Process for Transition of Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act Title II Disposal Sites to the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management for Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This document presents guidance for implementing the process that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) will use for assuming perpetual responsibility for a closed uranium mill tailings site. The transition process specifically addresses sites regulated under Title II of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) but is applicable in principle to the transition of sites under other regulatory structures, such as the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program.

Denitrification of the polar winter stratosphere - Implications of SAM II cloud formation temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamill, Patrick; Toon, O. B.

1990-01-01

The SAM II extinction profiles and the associated temperature profiles are used to determine the amount of denitrification of the winter polar stratospheres. Clear evidence of the denitrification process in the Antarctic data is seen. There are indications in the Arctic data that denitrification mechanisms may be at work there also. At the latitudes observed by the SAM II satellite system, denitrification begins before the formation of extensive ice clouds and may be due to sedimentation of nitric acid particles. However, the possibility of dinitrification by type II PSCs at latitudes not observed by SAM II cannot be excluded.

A paleomagnetic investigation of vertical-axis rotations in coastal Sonora, Mexico: Evidence for distributed transtensional deformation during the Proto-Gulf shift from a subduction-dominated to transform-dominated plate boundary in the Gulf of California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herman, Scott William

The history of late Miocene (Proto-Gulf) deformation on the Sonoran margin of the Gulf of California is key to understanding how Baja California was captured by the Pacific plate and how strain was partitioned during the Proto-Gulf period (12.5-6 Ma). The Sierra el Aguaje and Sierra Tinajas del Carmen are located in southwestern coastal Sonora, Mexico, and represent the eastern rifted margin of the central Gulf of California. The ranges are composed of volcanic units and their corresponding volcaniclastic units which are the result of persistent magmatic activity between 20 and 8.8 Ma, including three packages of basalt and andesite that make excellent paleomagnetic recorders. Based on cross cutting relations and geochronologic data for pre-, syn-, and post-tectonic volcanic units, most of the faulting and tilting in the Sierra El Aguaje is bracketed between 11.9 and 9.0 Ma, thus falling entirely within Proto-Gulf time. A paleomagnetic investigation into possible vertical axis rotations in the Sierra el Aguaje has uncovered evidence of clockwise rotations between ~13º and ~105º with possible translations. These results are consistent with existing field relations, which suggest the presence of large (>45°) vertical axis rotations in this region. This evidence includes: a) abrupt changes in the strike of tilted strata in different parts of the range, including large domains characterized by E-W strikes b) ubiquitous NE-SW striking faults with left lateral-normal oblique slip, that terminate against major NW-trending right lateral faults, and c) obliquity between the general strike of tilted strata and the strike of faults. These rotations occurred after 12 Ma and largely prior to 9 Ma, thus falling into the Proto-Gulf period. Such large-scale rotations lend credence to the theory that the area inboard of Baja California was experiencing transtension during the Proto-Gulf period, rather than the pure extension that would be the result of strain partitioning between Sonora and the Tosco-Abreojos fault offshore Baja California.

Removal of Cu(II) in water by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration: Influence of polymer nature and pH.

PubMed

Kochkodan, Olga D; Kochkodan, Viktor M; Sharma, Virender K

2018-01-02

This study presents an efficient removal of Cu(II) in water using the polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) method. Polymer of different molecular weight (MW) (polyethyleneimine (PEI), sodium lignosulfonates (SLS) and dextrans) were investigated to evaluate efficiency in removal of Cu(II) in water by the PEUF method. The decomposition of Cu(II)-polymer complex was also evaluated in order to reuse polymers. Cu(II) complexation depends on the MW of chelating polymer and the pH of feed solution. It was found that the Cu(II) rejection increased with the polymer dosage with high removal of Cu(II) when using PEI and SLS at a 10:20 (mg/mg) ratio ([Cu(II)]:[polymer]). It was found that the maximum chelating capacity was 15 mg of Cu(II) per 20 mg of PEI. The Cu(II)-PEI complex could be decomposed by acid addition and the polymer could be efficiently reused with multiple complexation-decomplexation cycles. A conceptual flow chart of the integrated process of efficient removal of Cu(II) by PEUF method is suggested.

Investigating the Incorporation of Personality Constructs into IMPRINT

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

early in the system acquisition process. The U.S. Navy took the lead by developing the HARDMAN Comparability Methodology (HCM) to analyze the trade...space between hardware and manpower. Subsequently, the U.S. Army then adapted HCM, renamed HARDMAN I to include a broader range of weapon systems. A...subsequent evolution by the U.S. Army automated the process and was called HARDMAN II. In the mid to late 1980s HARDMAN II evolved, linking MPT to

Use of red mud (bauxite residue) for the retention of aqueous inorganic mercury(II).

PubMed

Rubinos, David A; Barral, María Teresa

2015-11-01

The effectiveness of the oxide-rich residue from bauxite refining (red mud) to remove inorganic Hg(II) from aqueous solutions was assessed. The aspects studied comprised the kinetics of the process (t = 1 min-24 h), the effect of pH (3.5-11.5), the interacting effect between salt concentration (0.01-1 M NaNO3) and pH and the Hg(II) sorption isotherm. Hg leaching from spent red mud was evaluated using the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) method. The sorption of Hg(II) onto red mud was very fast, with most of Hg(II) (97.0-99.7%) being removed from 0.5-50 μM Hg solutions in few minutes. The kinetic process was best described by Ho's pseudo-second order equation, pointing to chemisorption as the rate controlling step. Hg(II) sorption efficiency was very high (% removal between 93.9 and 99.8%) within all the studied pH range (3.5-11.5) and added Hg concentrations (5 and 50 μM), being optimal at pH 5-8 and decreasing slightly at both lowest and highest pH. The effect of background electrolyte concentration suggests specific sorption as the main interaction mechanism between Hg(II) and red mud, but the increasing non-sorbed Hg concentrations at low and high pH for higher electrolyte concentrations also revealed the contribution of an electrostatic component to the process. The sorption isotherm showed the characteristic shape of high affinity sorbents, and it was better described by the Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich equations, which are models that assume sorbent heterogeneity and involvement of more than one mechanism. The estimated Hg(II) sorption capacity from the Langmuir equation (q m ~9 mmol/kg) was comparable to those of some inorganic commercial sorbents but lower than most bio- or specifically designed sorbents. The leachability of retained Hg(II) from spent red mud (0.02, 0.25 and 2.42 mmol Hg/kg sorbed concentration) was low (0.28, 1.15 and 2.23 μmol/kg, respectively) and accounted for 1.2, 0.5 and 0.1% of previously sorbed Hg, indicating that Hg(II) is tightly bound by red mud once sorbed.

The R-Process Alliance: 2MASS J09544277+5246414, the Most Actinide-enhanced R-II Star Known

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holmbeck, Erika M.; Beers, Timothy C.; Roederer, Ian U.; Placco, Vinicius M.; Hansen, Terese T.; Sakari, Charli M.; Sneden, Christopher; Liu, Chao; Lee, Young Sun; Cowan, John J.; Frebel, Anna

2018-06-01

We report the discovery of a new actinide-boost star, 2MASS J09544277+5246414, originally identified as a very bright (V = 10.1), extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] = ‑2.99) K giant in the LAMOST survey, and found to be highly r-process-enhanced (r-II; [Eu/Fe] = +1.28]), during the snapshot phase of the R-Process Alliance (RPA). Based on a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), high-resolution spectrum obtained with the Harlan J. Smith 2.7 m telescope, this star is the first confirmed actinide-boost star found by RPA efforts. With an enhancement of [Th/Eu] = +0.37, 2MASS J09544277+5246414 is also the most actinide-enhanced r-II star yet discovered, and only the sixth metal-poor star with a measured uranium abundance ([U/Fe] = +1.40). Using the Th/U chronometer, we estimate an age of 13.0 ± 4.7 Gyr for this star. The unambiguous actinide-boost signature of this extremely metal-poor star, combined with additional r-process-enhanced and actinide-boost stars identified by the RPA, will provide strong constraints on the nature and origin of the r-process at early times.

The SRC-II process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmid, B. K.; Jackson, D. M.

1981-03-01

The Solvent Refined Coal (SRC-II) process which produces low-sulfur distillate fuel oil from coal is discussed. The process dissolves coal in a process-derived solvent at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen, separates the undissolved mineral residue, then recovers the original solvent by vacuum distillation. The distillate fuel oil produced is for use largely as a nonpolluting fuel for generating electrical power and steam and is expected to be competitive with petroleum fuels during the 1980s. During this period, the SRC-II fuel oil is expected to be attractive compared with combustion of coal with flue gas desulfurization in U.S. East Coast oil-burning power plants, as well as in small and medium-sized industrial boilers. The substantial quantities of methane, light hydrocarbons and naphtha produced by the process have value as feedstocks for preparation of pipeline gas, ethylene and high-octane unleaded gasoline, and can replace petroleum fractions in many applications. The liquid and gas products from a future large-scale plant, such as the 6000 t/day plant planned for Morgantown, West Virginia, are expected to have an overall selling price of $4.25 to $4.75/GJ.

A novel method of simultaneous NH4+ and NO3- removal using Fe cycling as a catalyst: Feammox coupled with NAFO.

PubMed

Li, Xiang; Yuan, Yan; Huang, Yong; Liu, Heng-Wei; Bi, Zhen; Yuan, Yi; Yang, Peng-Bin

2018-08-01

The feasibility of using Feammox coupled with nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidizing (NAFO) to cause the simultaneous conversion of NH 4 + and NO 3 - was explored by inoculation with Feammox sludge and the use Fe cycling as catalyst. After 61days operation, the simultaneous conversion of NO 3 - and NH 4 + occurred with the presence of interconversion between Fe(III) and Fe(II). The conversion ratio of NH 4 + to NO 3 - stabilized at 0.9-1. The results of isotopic tracing and microbial diversity analysis indicated that NH 4 + was first oxidized to NO 2 - by Fe(III), then NO 3 - was reduced to NO 2 - and N 2 by the Fe(II) produced in Feammox process, and finally, the NO 2 - produced in NAFO process underwent an Anammox process with the remaining NH 4 + to yield N 2 . The results showed the simultaneous continuous conversion process of NO 3 - and NH 4 + with limited Fe as a catalyst was a coupled process of Feammox, Anammox, and NAFO under the anaerobic conditions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Angiotensin II regulation of neuromodulation: downstream signaling mechanism from activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.

PubMed

Lu, D; Yang, H; Raizada, M K

1996-12-01

Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine transporter genes in brain neurons; however, the signal-transduction mechanism is not clearly defined. This study was conducted to determine the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway in Ang II stimulation of these genes. MAP kinase was localized in the perinuclear region of the neuronal soma. Ang II caused activation of MAP kinase and its subsequent translocation from the cytoplasmic to nuclear compartment, both effects being mediated by AT1 receptor subtype. Ang II also stimulated SRE- and AP1-binding activities and fos gene expression and its translocation in a MAP kinase-dependent process. These observations are the first demonstration of a downstream signaling pathway involving MAP kinase in Ang II-mediated neuromodulation in noradrenergic neurons.

[Influence of different original processing methods on quality of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from Shandong].

PubMed

Zhao, Zhi-Gang; Gao, Shu-Rui; Hou, Jun-Ling; Wang, Wen-Quan; Xu, Zhen-Guang; Song, Yan; Zhang, Xian-Ming; Li, Jun

2014-04-01

In this paper the contents of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, crytotanshinone, tanshinone II(A) in samples of different original processed Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were determined by HPLC. Different processing methods have varied influences on four active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Sun-drying reduced the content of crytotanshinone, tanshi-none II(A) and rosmarinic acid, integralsamples were better than those cut into segments. Oven dry method had great influence on water--soluble ingredients, high temperature (80-100 degrees C) could easily cause big loss of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. The role of traditional processing method "fahan: was complicated, the content of rosmarinic acid decreased, crytotanshinone and tanshinone II(A) increased, and salvianolic acid B showed no difference after "fahan". Drying in the shade and oven dry under low temperatrure (40-60 degrees C) were all effective to keep active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and, there was no difference between integral samples and samples cut into segments. Therefore, considering comprehensively the content of active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and processing costing etc., shade-drying or oven dry underlow temperature (40-60 degrees C) should be the most suitable original processing method.

In Vitro Test for Potential Inhibitors of Plasmepsin II and IV as Anti-malarial Agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Hee-Kyoung; Hwang, Soon-Wook; Kim, Do-Won; Breton, Vincent; Kim, Doman

Plasmepsins (PMs) are involved in the degradation of host cell hemoglobin during malaria infection. PM II and IV initiate the degradative process, and have been suggested as attractive targets for treatment of malaria. Previously, 30 compounds were identified by post-processing the results of a large docking screen of commercially available compounds using an automated procedure based on molecular dynamics refinement and binding free-energy estimation using MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA (Degliesposti et al., 2009). Presently, these were experimentally validated using an inhibition assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and hemoglobin substrate degradation. Remarkably, 26 of the 30 tested compounds were active as PM II inhibitors, with FRET IC50 values ranging from 4.3 nM to 1.8 μM. Also, IC50 value for PM IV inhibition ranged from 9.34 nM to 83 μM and the best inhibitor among the 30 compounds was compound 7. Hemoglobin degradation by recombinant PM II and IV was completely inhibited by 100 μM of compound 7. The newly identified compounds, and one in particular (compound 7), can inhibit PM II and IV activity and hemoglobin degradation in vitro. These experiments suggest an overall approach in the design of powerful and selective PM II and IV inhibitors.

Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution, shipyard wastewater, and landfill leachate by modified Rhizopus oryzae biomass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naeimi, Behrouz; Foroutan, Rauf; Ahmadi, Bahram; Sadeghzadeh, Farzaneh; Ramavandi, Bahman

2018-04-01

This study was designed to remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution, shipyard wastewater, and sanitary landfill leachate using an alkaline-modified Rhizopus oryzae biomass. According to the Fourier transform infrared test, different functional groups like O–H, N–H, C=O, and P–O were detected in the bioadsorbent. The x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that CaO, P2O3, and SO3 oxides have the highest content in the bioadsorbent. The surface area of modified Rhizopus oryzae was obtained as 20.32 m2 g‑1. The effect of initial pH, temperature, contact time, and bioadsorbent dose on the metals removal was discussed. At optimal conditions, maximum Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal was obtained 95.66% and 94.55%, respectively. Freundlich model was well- accurately described the equilibrium data. Among four studied models, the pseudo-second-order was better able to describe the kinetic behavior of the bioadsorption process. The amount of enthalpy, free energy of Gibbs, and entropy parameters indicated that the bioadsorption process of studied heavy metals is negative, exothermic, and spontaneous. The amount of heavy metals in a shipyard wastewater and sanitary landfill leachate was significantly decreased by using the developed bioadsorbent.

Limitations and implications of stream classification

USGS Publications Warehouse

Juracek, K.E.; Fitzpatrick, F.A.

2003-01-01

Stream classifications that are based on channel form, such as the Rosgen Level II classification, are useful tools for the physical description and grouping of streams and for providing a means of communication for stream studies involving scientists and (or) managers with different backgrounds. The Level II classification also is used as a tool to assess stream stability, infer geomorphic processes, predict future geomorphic response, and guide stream restoration or rehabilitation activities. The use of the Level II classification for these additional purposes is evaluated in this paper. Several examples are described to illustrate the limitations and management implications of the Level II classification. Limitations include: (1) time dependence, (2) uncertain applicability across physical environments, (3) difficulty in identification of a true equilibrium condition, (4) potential for incorrect determination of bankfull elevation, and (5) uncertain process significance of classification criteria. Implications of using stream classifications based on channel form, such as Rosgen's, include: (1) acceptance of the limitations, (2) acceptance of the risk of classifying streams incorrectly, and (3) classification results may be used inappropriately. It is concluded that use of the Level II classification for purposes beyond description and communication is not appropriate. Research needs are identified that, if addressed, may help improve the usefulness of the Level II classification.

Unraveling the Decomposition Process of Lead(II) Acetate: Anhydrous Polymorphs, Hydrates, and Byproducts and Room Temperature Phosphorescence.

PubMed

Martínez-Casado, Francisco J; Ramos-Riesco, Miguel; Rodríguez-Cheda, José A; Cucinotta, Fabio; Matesanz, Emilio; Miletto, Ivana; Gianotti, Enrica; Marchese, Leonardo; Matěj, Zdeněk

2016-09-06

Lead(II) acetate [Pb(Ac)2, where Ac = acetate group (CH3-COO(-))2] is a very common salt with many and varied uses throughout history. However, only lead(II) acetate trihydrate [Pb(Ac)2·3H2O] has been characterized to date. In this paper, two enantiotropic polymorphs of the anhydrous salt, a novel hydrate [lead(II) acetate hemihydrate: Pb(Ac)2·(1)/2H2O], and two decomposition products [corresponding to two different basic lead(II) acetates: Pb4O(Ac)6 and Pb2O(Ac)2] are reported, with their structures being solved for the first time. The compounds present a variety of molecular arrangements, being 2D or 1D coordination polymers. A thorough thermal analysis, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), was also carried out to study the behavior and thermal data of the salt and its decomposition process, in inert and oxygenated atmospheres, identifying the phases and byproducts that appear. The complex thermal behavior of lead(II) acetate is now solved, finding the existence of another hydrate, two anhydrous enantiotropic polymorphs, and some byproducts. Moreover, some of them are phosphorescent at room temperature. The compounds were studied by TGA, DSC, X-ray diffraction, and UV-vis spectroscopy.

EFFECT OF CADMIUM(II) ON FREE RADICALS IN DOPA-MELANIN TESTED BY EPR SPECTROSCOPY.

PubMed

Zdybel, Magdalena; Pilawa, Barbara; Chodurek, Ewa

2015-01-01

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy may be applied to examine interactions of melanin with metal ions and drugs. In this work EPR method was used to examination of changes in free radical system of DOPA-melanin--the model eumelanin after complexing with diamagnetic cadmium(II) ions. Cadmium(II) may affect free radicals in melanin and drugs binding by this polymer, so the knowledge of modification of properties and free radical concentration in melanin is important to pharmacy. The effect of cadmium(II) in different concentrations on free radicals in DOPA-melanin was determined. EPR spectra of DOPA-melanin, and DOPA-melanin complexes with cadmium(II) were measured by an X-band (9.3 GHz) EPR spectrometer produced by Radiopan (Poznań, Poland) and the Rapid Scan Unit from Jagmar (Krak6w, Poland). The DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) to metal ions molar ratios in the reaction mixtures were 2:1, 1:1, and 1: 2. High concentrations of o-semiquinone (g ~2.0040) free radicals (~10(21)-10(22) spin/g) characterize DOPA-melanin and its complexes with cadmium(II). Formation of melanin complexes with cadmium(II) increase free radical concentration in DOPA-melanin. The highest free radical concentration was obtained for DOPA-melanin-cadmium(II) (1:1) complexes. Broad EPR lines with linewidths: 0.37-0.73 mT, were measured. Linewidths increase after binding of cadmium(II) to melanin. Changes of integral intensities and linewidths with increasing microwave power indicate the homogeneous broadening of EPR lines, independently on the metal ion concentration. Slow spin-lattice relaxation processes existed in all the tested samples, their EPR lines saturated at low microwave powers. Cadmium(II) causes fastening of spin-lattice relaxation processes in DOPA-melanin. The EPR results bring to light the effect of cadmium(II) on free radicals in melanin, and probably as the consequence on drug binding to eumelanin.

Untangling Longevity, Dauer, and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans Insulin/IGF-1-Signalling.

PubMed

Ewald, Collin Yvès; Castillo-Quan, Jorge Iván; Blackwell, T Keith

2018-01-01

The groundbreaking discovery that lower levels of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) can induce lifespan extension was reported 24 years ago in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this organism, mutations in the insulin/IGF-1 receptor gene daf-2 or other genes in this pathway can double lifespan. Subsequent work has revealed that reduced IIS (rIIS) extends lifespan across diverse species, possibly including humans. In C. elegans, IIS also regulates development into the diapause state known as dauer, a quiescent larval form that enables C. elegans to endure harsh environments through morphological adaptation, improved cellular repair, and slowed metabolism. Considerable progress has been made uncovering mechanisms that are affected by C. elegans rIIS. However, from the beginning it has remained unclear to what extent rIIS extends C. elegans lifespan by mobilizing dauer-associated mechanisms in adults. As we discuss, recent work has shed light on this question by determining that rIIS can extend C. elegans lifespan comparably through downstream processes that are either dauer-related or -independent. Importantly, these two lifespan extension programs can be distinguished genetically. It will now be critical to tease apart these programs, because each may involve different longevity-promoting mechanisms that may be relevant to higher organisms. A recent analysis of organismal "healthspan" has questioned the value of C. elegans rIIS as a paradigm for understanding healthy aging, as opposed to simply extending life. We discuss other work that argues strongly that C. elegans rIIS is indeed an invaluable model and consider the likely possibility that dauer-related processes affect parameters associated with health under rIIS conditions. Together, these studies indicate that C. elegans and analyses of rIIS in this organism will continue to provide unexpected and exciting results, and new paradigms that will be valuable for understanding healthy aging in humans. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Viability of thin wall tube forming of ATF FeCrAl

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maloy, Stuart Andrew; Aydogan, Eda; Anderoglu, Osman

Fabrication of thin walled tubing of FeCrAl alloys is critical to its success as a candidate enhanced accident-tolerant fuel cladding material. Alloys that are being investigated are Generation I and Generation II FeCrAl alloys produced at ORNL and an ODS FeCrAl alloy, MA-956 produced by Special Metals. Gen I and Gen II FeCrAl alloys were provided by ORNL and MA-956 was provided by LANL (initially produced by Special Metals). Three tube development efforts were undertaken. ORNL led the FeCrAl Gen I and Gen II alloy development and tube processing studies through drawing tubes at Rhenium Corporation. LANL received alloys frommore » ORNL and led tube processing studies through drawing tubes at Century Tubing. PNNL led the development of tube processing studies on MA-956 through pilger processing working with Sandvik Corporation. A summary of the recent progress on tube development is provided in the following report and a separate ORNL report: ORNL/TM-2015/478, “Development and Quality Assessments of Commercial Heat Production of ATF FeCrAl Tubes”.« less

Design and characterization of sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron for cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lv, Dan; Zhou, Xiaoxin; Zhou, Jiasheng; Liu, Yuanli; Li, Yizhou; Yang, Kunlun; Lou, Zimo; Baig, Shams Ali; Wu, Donglei; Xu, Xinhua

2018-06-01

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has high removal efficiency and strong reductive ability to organic and inorganic contaminants, but concerns over its stability and dispersity limit its application. In this study, nZVI was modified with sulfide to enhance Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. TEM and SEM analyses showed that sulfide-modified nZVI (S-nZVI) had a core-shell structure of nano-sized spherical particles, and BET results proved that sulfide modification doubled the specific surface area from 26.04 to 50.34 m2 g-1 and inhibited the aggregation of nZVI. Mechanism analysis indicated that Cd(II) was immobilized through complexation and precipitation. Cd(II) removal rate on nZVI was only 32% in 2 h, while complete immobilization could be achieved in 15 min on S-nZVI, and S-nZVI with an optimal S/Fe molar ratio of 0.3 offered a cadmium removal capacity of about 150 mg g-1 at pH 7 and 303 K. The process of Cd(II) immobilization on S-nZVI was fitted well with pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the increase of temperature favored Cd(II) immobilization, suggesting an endothermic process. The presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ hindered Cd(II) removal while Cu2+ did the opposite, which led to the order as Cu2+ > control > Mg2+ > Ca2+. The removal rate of 20 mg L-1 Cd(II) maintained a high level with the fluctuation of environmental conditions such as pH, ion strength and presence of HA. This study demonstrated that S-nZVI could be a promising adsorbent for Cd(II) immobilization from cadmium-contaminated water.

Selective Loss of Cysteine Residues and Disulphide Bonds in a Potato Proteinase Inhibitor II Family

PubMed Central

Li, Xiu-Qing; Zhang, Tieling; Donnelly, Danielle

2011-01-01

Disulphide bonds between cysteine residues in proteins play a key role in protein folding, stability, and function. Loss of a disulphide bond is often associated with functional differentiation of the protein. The evolution of disulphide bonds is still actively debated; analysis of naturally occurring variants can promote understanding of the protein evolutionary process. One of the disulphide bond-containing protein families is the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PI-II, or Pin2, for short) superfamily, which is found in most solanaceous plants and participates in plant development, stress response, and defence. Each PI-II domain contains eight cysteine residues (8C), and two similar PI-II domains form a functional protein that has eight disulphide bonds and two non-identical reaction centres. It is still unclear which patterns and processes affect cysteine residue loss in PI-II. Through cDNA sequencing and data mining, we found six natural variants missing cysteine residues involved in one or two disulphide bonds at the first reaction centre. We named these variants Pi7C and Pi6C for the proteins missing one or two pairs of cysteine residues, respectively. This PI-II-7C/6C family was found exclusively in potato. The missing cysteine residues were in bonding pairs but distant from one another at the nucleotide/protein sequence level. The non-synonymous/synonymous substitution (Ka/Ks) ratio analysis suggested a positive evolutionary gene selection for Pi6C and various Pi7C. The selective deletion of the first reaction centre cysteine residues that are structure-level-paired but sequence-level-distant in PI-II illustrates the flexibility of PI-II domains and suggests the functionality of their transient gene versions during evolution. PMID:21494600

Origins of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in vertebrates: identification of a novel GnRH in a basal vertebrate, the sea lamprey.

PubMed

Kavanaugh, Scott I; Nozaki, Masumi; Sower, Stacia A

2008-08-01

We cloned a cDNA encoding a novel (GnRH), named lamprey GnRH-II, from the sea lamprey, a basal vertebrate. The deduced amino acid sequence of the newly identified lamprey GnRH-II is QHWSHGWFPG. The architecture of the precursor is similar to that reported for other GnRH precursors consisting of a signal peptide, decapeptide, a downstream processing site, and a GnRH-associated peptide; however, the gene for lamprey GnRH-II does not have introns in comparison with the gene organization for all other vertebrate GnRHs. Lamprey GnRH-II precursor transcript was widely expressed in a variety of tissues. In situ hybridization of the brain showed expression and localization of the transcript in the hypothalamus, medulla, and olfactory regions, whereas immunohistochemistry using a specific antiserum showed only GnRH-II cell bodies and processes in the preoptic nucleus/hypothalamus areas. Lamprey GnRH-II was shown to stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary axis using in vivo and in vitro studies. Lamprey GnRH-II was also shown to activate the inositol phosphate signaling system in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the lamprey GnRH receptor. These studies provide evidence for a novel lamprey GnRH that has a role as a third hypothalamic GnRH. In summary, the newly discovered lamprey GnRH-II offers a new paradigm of the origin of the vertebrate GnRH family. We hypothesize that due to a genome/gene duplication event, an ancestral gene gave rise to two lineages of GnRHs: the gnathostome GnRH and lamprey GnRH-II.

Oxalate enhanced degradation of Orange II in heterogeneous UV-Fenton system catalyzed by Fe3O4@γ-Fe2O3 composite.

PubMed

Dai, Huiwang; Xu, Shuying; Chen, Jianxin; Miao, Xiaozeng; Zhu, Jianxi

2018-05-01

Oxalate enhanced mechanism of Fe 3 O 4 @γ-Fe 2 O 3 was developed to provide novel insight into catalytic process regulation of iron oxide catalysts in heterogeneous UV-Fenton system. And the iron oxide composite of Fe 3 O 4 @γ-Fe 2 O 3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that large amount of iron could be leached from catalyst in the presence of oxalate, which promoted the homogeneous UV-Fenton reactions in solution. Orange II degradation could be significantly enhanced with the increase of the ratio of homogeneous UV-Fenton process to heterogeneous UV-Fenton process. The optimum concentration of oxalate determined by experiment was 0.5 mM in oxalate enhanced heterogeneous UV-Fenton system. On this condition, the pseudo-first-order rate constant value of Orange II degradation was 0.314 min -1 , which was 2.3 times as high as that in heterogeneous UV-Fenton system. The removal rates of color and TOC were 100% and 86.6% after 20 min and 120 min treatment, respectively. In addition, the iron ions in solution could be almost completely adsorbed back to the catalyst surface in later degradation stages of Orange II. During the recycle experiments, the results showed that the increase of pH in solution and the sorption of intermediates on the catalyst surface would hinder oxalate enhanced process and lead to a decrease of degradation rate of Orange II in oxalate enhanced heterogeneous UV-Fenton system. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nickel(II) affects poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-mediated DNA repair in normal and cancer cells.

PubMed

Wozniak, Katarzyna; Czechowska, Agnieszka; Blasiak, Janusz

2006-01-01

Nickel(II) can be genotoxic, but the mechanism of its genotoxicity is not fully understood and the process of DNA repair may be considered as its potential target. We studied the effect of nickel chloride on the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated repair of DNA damaged by gamma-radiation and idarubicin with the alkaline comet assay in normal and cancer cells. Our results indicate that nickel chloride at very low, non-cytotoxic concentration of 1 microM can affect PARP-mediated DNA repair of lesions evoked by idarubicin and gamma-radiation. We also suggest that in the quiescent lymphocytes treated with gamma-radiation, nickel(II) could interfere with DNA repair process independent of PARP.

REPHLEX II: An information management system for the ARS Water Data Base

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thurman, Jane L.

1993-08-01

The REPHLEX II computer system is an on-line information management system which allows scientists, engineers, and other researchers to retrieve data from the ARS Water Data Base using asynchronous communications. The system features two phone lines handling baud rates from 300 to 2400, customized menus to facilitate browsing, help screens, direct access to information and data files, electronic mail processing, file transfers using the XMODEM protocol, and log-in procedures which capture information on new users, process passwords, and log activity for a permanent audit trail. The primary data base on the REPHLEX II system is the ARS Water Data Base which consists of rainfall and runoff data from experimental agricultural watersheds located in the United States.

Actualizing system benefits--Part II.

PubMed

Zinn, T K; DiGiulio, L W

1988-05-01

Do benefits impact the psychology of the information system buying decision? Is system success tied to achieving "promoted" benefits? Part II of this series reveals responses from a survey of some 3,000 executives about the importance of qualitative and quantitative benefits in the "buying process."

Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing personality disorders: implications for research and the evolution of axis II.

PubMed

Westen, D

1997-07-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which instruments for assessing axis II diverge from clinical diagnostic processes. Subjects in the first study were 52 clinicians with experience in assessment and treatment of patients with personality disorders, who were surveyed about the methods they use in clinical practice to make diagnoses and other aspects of the diagnostic process. A second study replicated the major findings with a random national sample of 1,901 experienced psychiatrists and psychologists. Whereas current instruments rely primarily on direct questions derived from DSM-IV, clinicians of every theoretical persuasion found direct questions useful for assessing axis I disorders but only marginally so for axis II. They made axis II diagnoses, instead, by listening to patients describe interpersonal interactions and observing their behavior with the interviewer. In contrast to findings with current research instruments, most patients with personality disorders in clinical practice receive only one axis II diagnosis, and if they receive more than one, one is considered primary. Clinicians reported treating a substantial number of patients for enduring personality patterns that current axis II instruments do not assess, many of which meet neither axis I nor axis II criteria, notably problems with relatedness, work, self-esteem, and chronic subclinical depressive traits. Measurements of axis II were constructed by using a model derived from axis I instruments that diverges from clinical diagnostic procedures in a way that may be problematic for the assessment of personality disorders and the development of a more clinically and empirically sound taxonomy.

A fluorescence turn-on sensor for iodide based on a thymine-Hg(II)-thymine complex.

PubMed

Ma, Boling; Zeng, Fang; Zheng, Fangyuan; Wu, Shuizhu

2011-12-23

Iodide plays a vital role in many biological processes, including neurological activity and thyroid function. Due to its physiological relevance, a method for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of iodide in food, pharmaceutical products, and biological samples such as urine is of great importance. Herein, we demonstrate a novel and facile strategy for constructing a fluorescence turn-on sensor for iodide based on a T-Hg(II)-T complex (T=thymine). A fluorescent anthracene-thymine dyad (An-T) was synthesized, the binding of which to a mercury(II) ion lead to the formation of a An-T-Hg(II)-T-An complex, thereby quenching the fluorescent emission of this dyad. In this respect, the dyad An-T constituted a fluorescence turn-off sensor for mercury(II) ions in aqueous media. More importantly, it was found that upon addition of iodide, the mercury(II) ion was extracted from the complex due to the even stronger binding between mercury(II) ions and iodide, leading to the release of the free dyad and restoration of the fluorescence. By virtue of this fluorescence quenching and recovery process, the An-T-Hg(II)-T-An complex constitutes a fluorescence turn-on sensor for iodide with a detection limit of 126 nM. Moreover, this sensor is highly selective for iodide over other common anions, and can be used in the determination of iodide in drinking water and biological samples such as urine. This strategy may provide a new approach for sensing some other anions. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effect of cholesterol depletion on exocytosis of alveolar type II cells.

PubMed

Chintagari, Narendranath Reddy; Jin, Nili; Wang, Pengcheng; Narasaraju, Telugu Akula; Chen, Jiwang; Liu, Lin

2006-06-01

Alveolar epithelial type II cells secrete lung surfactant via exocytosis. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) are implicated in this process. Lipid rafts, the cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains, may offer a platform for protein organization on the cell membrane. We tested the hypothesis that lipid rafts organize exocytotic proteins in type II cells and are essential for the fusion of lamellar bodies, the secretory granules of type II cells, with the plasma membrane. The lipid rafts, isolated from type II cells using 1% Triton X-100 and a sucrose gradient centrifugation, contained the lipid raft markers, flotillin-1 and -2, whereas they excluded the nonraft marker, Na+-K+ ATPase. SNAP-23, syntaxin 2, and VAMP-2 were enriched in lipid rafts. When type II cells were depleted of cholesterol, the association of SNAREs with the lipid rafts was disrupted and the formation of fusion pore was inhibited. Furthermore, the cholesterol-depleted plasma membrane had less ability to fuse with lamellar bodies, a process mediated by annexin A2. The secretagogue-stimulated secretion of lung surfactant from type II cells was also reduced by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. When the raft-associated cell surface protein, CD44, was cross-linked using anti-CD44 antibodies, the CD44 clusters were observed. Syntaxin 2, SNAP-23, and annexin A2 co-localized with the CD44 clusters, which were cholesterol dependent. Our results suggested that lipid rafts may form a functional platform for surfactant secretion in alveolar type II cells, and raft integrity was essential for the fusion between lamellar bodies with the plasma membrane.

Mechanisms of Mn(II) catalytic oxidation on ferrihydrite surfaces and the formation of manganese (oxyhydr)oxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lan, Shuai; Wang, Xiaoming; Xiang, Quanjun; Yin, Hui; Tan, Wenfeng; Qiu, Guohong; Liu, Fan; Zhang, Jing; Feng, Xionghan

2017-08-01

Oxidation of Mn(II) is an important process that controls the mobility and bioavailability of Mn, as well as the formation of Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in natural systems. It was found that the surfaces of minerals, such as iron (oxyhydr)oxides, can accelerate Mn(II) oxidation to a certain degree, but the underlying mechanism has not been clearly understood. This study explores the reaction pathways and mechanisms of Mn(II) oxidation on ferrihydrite surfaces at neutral pH, commonly found in natural environments, by comparisons with montmorillonite, amorphous Al(OH)3, goethite, and magnetite using macroscopic experiments and spectroscopic analyses. Results show that when Mn(II) concentrations are below 4 mM, macroscopic Mn(II) adsorption on the three iron (oxyhydr)oxide surfaces conforms well to the Langmuir equation, with ferrihydrite showing the highest adsorption capacity. With Mn(II) concentrations ranging within 6-24 mM, the adsorbed Mn(II) is mainly oxidized into manganite (γ-MnOOH) and/or feitknechtite (β-MnOOH) by dissolved O2, and Mn(II) removal on a unit mass basis in the presence of magnetite is the highest compared with ferrihydrite and goethite. Ferrihydrite, a semiconductor material, shows stronger catalytic ability for Mn(II) oxidation on the same surface area than insulator minerals (i.e., montmorillonite and amorphous Al(OH)3). Additionally, the products of Mn(II) oxidation in the presence of semiconductor iron (oxyhydr)oxides (i.e., ferrihydrite, goethite, or magnetite) at the same Fe/Mn molar ratio include both manganite and a small amount of Mn(IV) minerals, and the Mn average oxidation states (Mn AOSs) of these products follow the order: magnetite > goethite > ferrihydrite. Magnetite and goethite, with relatively smaller SSAs and lower band gap energies, exhibit greater catalysis for Mn(II) oxidation than ferrihydrite at the same Fe/Mn ratio, which goes against the conventional interfacial effect and is related to the electrochemical properties. Thus, the Mn(II) catalytic oxidation by O2 on ferrihydrite surfaces should include an electrochemical pathway, i.e., electron transfer (ET) in the Mn(II)-Conduction Band (CB)Ferrihydrite-O2 complexes, in addition to the conventional two interfacial catalytic pathways, i.e., ET in the Mn(II)-Fe(II, III)-O2 complexes and direct ET in the Mn(II)-O2 complexes. These results reveal new implications for understanding the processes and mechanisms of Mn(II) oxidation on iron (oxyhydr)oxide surfaces and the abiotic formation of Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in surface environments.

Essential roles of angiotensin II in vascular endothelial growth factor expression in sleep apnea syndrome.

PubMed

Takahashi, Susumu; Nakamura, Yutaka; Nishijima, Tsuguo; Sakurai, Shigeru; Inoue, Hiroshi

2005-09-01

Hypoxia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in increased cardiovascular disease associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS mediates hypertension by stimulating angiotensin II (Ang II) production. Hypoxia and Ang II are the major stimuli of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a potent angiogenic cytokine and also contributes to the atherogenic process itself. We observed serum Ang II and VEGF levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and neutrophil VEGF expression. Compared to controls, subjects with OSAS had significantly increased levels of serum Ang II and VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression in their leukocytes. To examine whether Ang II stimulates VEGF expression in OSAS, we treated PBMCs obtained from control subjects with Ang II and with an Ang II receptor type 1 (AT(1)) blocker, olmesartan. We observed an increased expression of VEGF in the Ang II-stimulated PBMCs and decreased in VEGF mRNA and protein expression in the PBMCs treated with olmesartan. These findings suggest that the Ang II-AT(1) receptors pathway potentially are involved in OSAS and VEGF-induced vascularity and that endothelial dysfunction might be linked to this change in Ang II activity within leukocytes of OSAS patients.

Biosorption of Fe(II) and Mn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Rice Husk Ash

PubMed Central

Zhao, Jiaying; Jiang, Zhao; Shan, Dexin; Lu, Yan

2014-01-01

Rice husk ash (RHA), an agricultural waste, was used as biosorbent for the removal of Iron(II) and Manganese(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The structural and morphological characteristics of RHA and its elemental compositions before and after adsorption of Fe(II) and Mn(II) were determined by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the influence of initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration on the removal of Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the metal ions by RHA. The correlation coefficient (R 2) of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models equals 0.995 and 0.901 for Fe(II), 0.9862 and 0.8924 for Mn(II), respectively, so the Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. The mean free energy values evaluated from the D-R model indicated that the biosorption of Fe(II) and Mn(II) onto RHA was physical in nature. Experimental data also showed that the biosorption processes of both metal ions complied with the pseudo-second-order kinetics. PMID:24982918

ScII: an abundant chromosome scaffold protein is a member of a family of putative ATPases with an unusual predicted tertiary structure

PubMed Central

1994-01-01

Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of ScII, the second most abundant protein after topoisomerase II, of the chromosome scaffold fraction to be identified. ScII is structurally related to a protein, Smc1p, previously found to be required for accurate chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ScII and the other members of the emerging family of SMC1-like proteins are likely to be novel ATPases, with NTP-binding A and B sites separated by two lengthy regions predicted to form an alpha-helical coiled-coil. Analysis of the ScII B site predicted that ScII might use ATP by a mechanism similar to the bacterial recN DNA repair and recombination enzyme. ScII is a mitosis-specific scaffold protein that colocalizes with topoisomerase II in mitotic chromosomes. However, ScII appears not to be associated with the interphase nuclear matrix. ScII might thus play a role in mitotic processes such as chromosome condensation or sister chromatid disjunction, both of which have been previously shown to involve topoisomerase II. PMID:7929577

Evidence for the Existence of Autotrophic Nitrate-Reducing Fe(II)-Oxidizing Bacteria in Marine Coastal Sediment

PubMed Central

Laufer, Katja; Røy, Hans; Jørgensen, Bo Barker

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms were described for the first time ca. 20 years ago. Most pure cultures of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers can oxidize Fe(II) only under mixotrophic conditions, i.e., when an organic cosubstrate is provided. A small number of nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing cultures have been proposed to grow autotrophically, but unambiguous evidence for autotrophy has not always been provided. Thus, it is still unclear whether or to what extent Fe(II) oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction is an enzymatically catalyzed and energy-yielding autotrophic process or whether Fe(II) is abiotically oxidized by nitrite from heterotrophic nitrate reduction. The aim of the present study was to find evidence for the existence of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers in coastal marine sediments. Microcosm incubations showed that with increasing incubation times, the stoichiometric ratio of reduced nitrate/oxidized Fe(II) [NO3−reduced/Fe(II)oxidized] decreased, indicating a decreasing contribution of heterotrophic denitrification and/or an increasing contribution of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation over time. After incubations of sediment slurries for >10 weeks, nitrate-reducing activity ceased, although nitrate was still present. This suggests that heterotrophic nitrate reduction had ceased due to the depletion of readily available organic carbon. However, after the addition of Fe(II) to these batch incubation mixtures, the nitrate-reducing activity resumed, and Fe(II) was oxidized, indicating the activity of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers. The concurrent reduction of 14C-labeled bicarbonate concentrations unambiguously proved that autotrophic C fixation occurred during Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction. Our results clearly demonstrated that autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria were present in the investigated coastal marine sediments. IMPORTANCE Twenty years after the discovery of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers, it is still controversially discussed whether autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms exist and to what extent Fe(II) oxidation in this reduction/oxidation process is enzymatically catalyzed or which role abiotic side reactions of Fe(II) with reactive N species play. Most pure cultures of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers are mixotrophic; i.e., they need an organic cosubstrate to maintain their activity over several cultural transfers. For the few existing autotrophic isolates and enrichment cultures, either the mechanism of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation is not known or evidence for their autotrophic lifestyle is controversial. In the present study, we provide evidence for the existence of autotrophic nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers in coastal marine sediments. The evidence is based on stoichiometries of nitrate reduction and Fe(II) oxidation determined in microcosm incubations and the incorporation of carbon from CO2 under conditions that favor the activity of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidizers. PMID:27496777

DNA methyltransferase inhibitor CDA-II inhibits myogenic differentiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Zirong; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Jin, Guorong

2012-06-08

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CDA-II inhibits myogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CDA-II repressed expression of muscle transcription factors and structural proteins. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CDA-II inhibited proliferation and migration of C2C12 myoblasts. -- Abstract: CDA-II (cell differentiation agent II), isolated from healthy human urine, is a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Previous studies indicated that CDA-II played important roles in the regulation of cell growth and certain differentiation processes. However, it has not been determined whether CDA-II affects skeletal myogenesis. In this study, we investigated effects of CDA-II treatment on skeletal muscle progenitor cell differentiation, migration and proliferation. We found that CDA-II blocked differentiationmore » of murine myoblasts C2C12 in a dose-dependent manner. CDA-II repressed expression of muscle transcription factors, such as Myogenin and Mef2c, and structural proteins, such as myosin heavy chain (Myh3), light chain (Mylpf) and MCK. Moreover, CDA-II inhibited C1C12 cell migration and proliferation. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that CDA-II inhibits growth and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells, suggesting that the use of CDA-II might affect skeletal muscle functions.« less

Stochastic dynamics of small ensembles of non-processive molecular motors: The parallel cluster model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erdmann, Thorsten; Albert, Philipp J.; Schwarz, Ulrich S.

2013-11-07

Non-processive molecular motors have to work together in ensembles in order to generate appreciable levels of force or movement. In skeletal muscle, for example, hundreds of myosin II molecules cooperate in thick filaments. In non-muscle cells, by contrast, small groups with few tens of non-muscle myosin II motors contribute to essential cellular processes such as transport, shape changes, or mechanosensing. Here we introduce a detailed and analytically tractable model for this important situation. Using a three-state crossbridge model for the myosin II motor cycle and exploiting the assumptions of fast power stroke kinetics and equal load sharing between motors inmore » equivalent states, we reduce the stochastic reaction network to a one-step master equation for the binding and unbinding dynamics (parallel cluster model) and derive the rules for ensemble movement. We find that for constant external load, ensemble dynamics is strongly shaped by the catch bond character of myosin II, which leads to an increase of the fraction of bound motors under load and thus to firm attachment even for small ensembles. This adaptation to load results in a concave force-velocity relation described by a Hill relation. For external load provided by a linear spring, myosin II ensembles dynamically adjust themselves towards an isometric state with constant average position and load. The dynamics of the ensembles is now determined mainly by the distribution of motors over the different kinds of bound states. For increasing stiffness of the external spring, there is a sharp transition beyond which myosin II can no longer perform the power stroke. Slow unbinding from the pre-power-stroke state protects the ensembles against detachment.« less

A green separation strategy for neodymium (III) from cobalt (II) and nickel (II) using an ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system.

PubMed

Chen, Yuehua; Wang, Huiyong; Pei, Yuanchao; Wang, Jianji

2018-05-15

It is significant to develop sustainable strategies for the selective separation of rare earth from transition metals from fundamental and practical viewpoint. In this work, an environmentally friendly solvent extraction approach has been developed to selectively separate neodymium (III) from cobalt (II) and nickel (II) by using an ionic liquid-based aqueous two phase system (IL-ATPS). For this purpose, a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) tetrabutylphosphonate nitrate ([P 4444 ][NO 3 ]) was prepared and used for the formation of an ATPS with NaNO 3 . Binodal curves of the ATPSs have been determined for the design of extraction process. The extraction parameters such as contact time, aqueous phase pH, content of phase-formation components of NaNO 3 and the ionic liquid have been investigated systematically. It is shown that under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency of neodymium (III) is as high as 99.7%, and neodymium (III) can be selectively separated from cobalt (II) and nickel (II) with a separation factor of 10 3 . After extraction, neodymium (III) can be stripped from the IL-rich phase by using dilute aqueous sodium oxalate, and the ILs can be quantitatively recovered and reused in the next extraction process. Since [P 4444 ][NO 3 ] works as one of the components of the ATPS and the extractant for the neodymium, no organic diluent, extra etractant and fluorinated ILs are used in the separation process. Thus, the strategy described here shows potential in green separation of neodymium from cobalt and nickel by using simple IL-based aqueous two-phase system. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of Copper and Purine-Copper Complexes on Modified Carbon Electrodes by Cyclic and Elimination Voltammetry

PubMed Central

Trnkova, Libuse; Zerzankova, Lenka; Dycka, Filip; Mikelova, Radka; Jelen, Frantisek

2008-01-01

Using a paraffin impregnated graphite electrode (PIGE) and mercury-modified pyrolytic graphite electrode with basal orientation (Hg-PGEb) copper(II) and Cu(II)-DNA purine base solutions have been studied by cyclic (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) in connection with elimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS). In chloride and bromide solutions (pH 6), the redox process of Cu(II) proceeded on PIGE with two cathodic and two anodic potentially separated signals. According to the elimination function E4, the first cathodic peak corresponds to the reduction Cu(II) + e- → Cu(I) with the possibility of fast disproportionation 2Cu(I) → Cu(II)+ Cu(0). The E4 of the second cathodic peak signalized an electrode process controlled by a surface reaction. The electrode system of Cu(II) on Hg-PGEb in borate buffer (pH 9.2) was characterized by one cathodic and one anodic peak. Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) on PIGE and cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) on Hg-PGEb were carried out at potentials where the reduction of copper ions took place and Cu(I)-purine complexes were formed. By using ASV and CSV in combination with EVLS, the sensitivity of Cu(I)-purine complex detection was enhanced relative to either ASV or CSV alone, resulting in higher peak currents of more than one order of magnitude. The statistical treatment of CE data was used to determine the reproducibility of measurements. Our results show that EVLS in connection with the stripping procedure is useful for both qualitative and quantitative microanalysis of purine derivatives and can also reveal details of studied electrode processes. PMID:27879715

Ruthenium-catalyzed insertion of adjacent diol carbon atoms into C-C bonds: Entry to type II polyketides.

PubMed

Bender, Matthias; Turnbull, Ben W H; Ambler, Brett R; Krische, Michael J

2017-08-25

Current catalytic processes involving carbon-carbon bond activation rely on π-unsaturated coupling partners. Exploiting the concept of transfer hydrogenative coupling, we report a ruthenium(0)-catalyzed cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenones that functionalizes two adjacent saturated diol carbon-hydrogen bonds. These regio- and diastereoselective processes enable convergent construction of type II polyketide substructures. Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

Fe(II) formation after interaction of the amyloid β-peptide with iron-storage protein ferritin.

PubMed

Balejcikova, Lucia; Siposova, Katarina; Kopcansky, Peter; Safarik, Ivo

2018-05-09

The interaction of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) with the iron-storage protein ferritin was studied in vitro. We have shown that Aβ during fibril formation process is able to reduce Fe(III) from the ferritin core (ferrihydrite) to Fe(II). The Aβ-mediated Fe(III) reduction yielded a two-times-higher concentration of free Fe(II) than the spontaneous formation of Fe(II) by the ferritin itself. We suggest that Aβ can also act as a ferritin-specific metallochaperone-like molecule capturing Fe(III) from the ferritin ferrihydrite core. Our observation may partially explain the formation of Fe(II)-containing minerals in human brains suffering by neurodegenerative diseases.

Selective adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using porous biosilica extracted from marine diatom biomass: Properties and mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Yarong; Wang, Jingfeng; Wang, Xin; Cheng, Jay Jiayang; Wen, Zhiyou

2017-02-01

Biosilica with a surface area of 143 m2 g-1 derived from marine diatoms was prepared using an easy two-step method involving washing with dilute acid and baking. The extracted biosilica was used to remove divalent lead ions, i.e., Pb(II), from aqueous solution. The effects on Pb(II) adsorption of initial pH, shaking speed, and adsorbent loading were investigated. The adsorption of Pb(II) in the presence of other ions was also investigated. The biosilica showed a high adsorption capacity with high selectivity for Pb(II). The experimental maximum adsorption capacity was 108.2-120.4 mg g-1 at an adsorbent loading of 1 g L-1. The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorbent selectively adsorbed Pb(II) from binary ion systems in the presence of Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Ag(I). The results of this study show that biosilica extracted from fresh marine diatoms is a more efficient and selective adsorbent for Pb(II) than other inorganic adsorbents.

Adsorption of copper and zinc by biochars produced from pyrolysis of hardwood and corn straw in aqueous solution.

PubMed

Chen, Xincai; Chen, Guangcun; Chen, Linggui; Chen, Yingxu; Lehmann, Johannes; McBride, Murray B; Hay, Anthony G

2011-10-01

Biochars produced by pyrolysis of hardwood at 450 °C (HW450) and corn straw at 600 °C (CS600) were characterized and investigated as adsorbents for the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption data were well described by a Langmuir isotherm, with maximum Cu(II) and Zn(II) adsorption capacities of 12.52 and 11.0 mg/g for CS600, 6.79 and 4.54 mg/g for HW450, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption was an endothermic process and did not occur spontaneously. Although Cu(II) adsorption was only marginally affected by Zn(II), Cu(II) competed with Zn(II) for binding sites at Cu(II) and Zn(II) concentrations ≥ 1.0mM. Results from this study indicated that plant-residue or agricultural waste derived biochar can act as effective surface sorbent, but their ability to treat mixed waste streams needs to be carefully evaluated on an individual basis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A subsurface Fe-silicate weathering microbiome

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Napieralski, S. A.; Buss, H. L.; Roden, E. E.

2017-12-01

Traditional models of microbially mediated weathering of primary Fe-bearing minerals often invoke organic ligands (e.g. siderophores) used for nutrient acquisition. However, it is well known that the oxidation of Fe(II) governs the overall rate of Fe-silicate mineral dissolution. Recent work has demonstrated the ability of lithtrophic iron oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) to grow via the oxidation of structural Fe(II) in biotite as a source of metabolic energy with evidence suggesting a direct enzymatic attack on the mineral surface. This process necessitates the involvement of dedicated outer membrane proteins that interact with insoluble mineral phases in a process known as extracellular electron transfer (EET). To investigate the potential role FeOB in a terrestrial subsurface weathering system, samples were obtained from the bedrock-saprolite interface (785 cm depth) within the Rio Icacos Watershed of the Luquillo Mountains in Puerto Rico. Prior geochemical evidence suggests the flux of Fe(II) from the weathering bedrock supports a robust lithotrophic microbial community at depth. Current work confirms the activity of microorganism in situ, with a marked increase in ATP near the bedrock-saprolite interface. Regolith recovered from the interface was used as inoculum to establish enrichment cultures with powderized Fe(II)-bearing minerals serving as the sole energy source. Monitoring of the Fe(II)/Fe(total) ratio and ATP generation suggests growth of microorganisms coupled to the oxidation of mineral bound Fe(II). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic libraries from in situ and enrichment culture samples lends further support to FeOB involvement in the weathering process. Multiple metagenomic bins related to known FeOB, including Betaproteobacteria genera, contain homologs to model EET systems, including Cyc2 and MtoAB. Our approach combining geochemistry and metagenomics with ongoing microbiological and genomic characterization of novel isolates obtained from enrichment cultures provides insight into the role of FeOB in Fe(II)-mineral alteration as well as furthering our understanding of the biotic reactions contributing the globally important biogeochemical phenomenon of chemical weathering.

Neuropsychological impairments on the NEPSY-II among children with FASD.

PubMed

Rasmussen, Carmen; Tamana, Sukhpreet; Baugh, Lauren; Andrew, Gail; Tough, Suzanne; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie

2013-01-01

We examined the pattern of neuropsychological impairments of children with FASD (compared to controls) on NEPSY-II measures of attention and executive functioning, language, memory, visuospatial processing, and social perception. Participants included 32 children with FASD and 30 typically developing control children, ranging in age from 6 to 16 years. Children were tested on the following subtests of the NEPSY-II: Attention and Executive Functioning (animal sorting, auditory attention/response set, and inhibition), Language (comprehension of instructions and speeded naming), Memory (memory for names/delayed memory for names), Visual-Spatial Processing (arrows), and Social Perception (theory of mind). Groups were compared using MANOVA. Children with FASD were impaired relative to controls on the following subtests: animal sorting, response set, inhibition (naming and switching conditions), comprehension of instructions, speeded naming, and memory for names total and delayed, but group differences were not significant on auditory attention, inhibition (inhibition condition), arrows, and theory of mind. Among the FASD group, IQ scores were not correlated with performance on the NEPSY-II subtests, and there were no significant differences between those with and without comorbid ADHD. The NEPSY-II is an effective and useful tool for measuring a variety of neuropsychological impairments among children with FASD. Children with FASD displayed a pattern of results with impairments (relative to controls) on measures of executive functioning (set shifting, concept formation, and inhibition), language, and memory, and relative strengths on measures of basic attention, visual spatial processing, and social perception.

Evolutionary conservation of regulated longevity assurance mechanisms

PubMed Central

McElwee, Joshua J; Schuster, Eugene; Blanc, Eric; Piper, Matthew D; Thomas, James H; Patel, Dhaval S; Selman, Colin; Withers, Dominic J; Thornton, Janet M; Partridge, Linda; Gems, David

2007-01-01

Background To what extent are the determinants of aging in animal species universal? Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling (IIS) is an evolutionarily conserved (public) regulator of longevity; yet it remains unclear whether the genes and biochemical processes through which IIS acts on aging are public or private (that is, lineage specific). To address this, we have applied a novel, multi-level cross-species comparative analysis to compare gene expression changes accompanying increased longevity in mutant nematodes, fruitflies and mice with reduced IIS. Results Surprisingly, there is little evolutionary conservation at the level of individual, orthologous genes or paralogous genes under IIS regulation. However, a number of gene categories are significantly enriched for genes whose expression changes in long-lived animals of all three species. Down-regulated categories include protein biosynthesis-associated genes. Up-regulated categories include sugar catabolism, energy generation, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) and several other categories linked to cellular detoxification (that is, phase 1 and phase 2 metabolism of xenobiotic and endobiotic toxins). Protein biosynthesis and GST activity have recently been linked to aging and longevity assurance, respectively. Conclusion These processes represent candidate, regulated mechanisms of longevity-control that are conserved across animal species. The longevity assurance mechanisms via which IIS acts appear to be lineage-specific at the gene level (private), but conserved at the process level (or semi-public). In the case of GSTs, and cellular detoxification generally, this suggests that the mechanisms of aging against which longevity assurance mechanisms act are, to some extent, lineage specific. PMID:17612391

A Dynamic Model of the Initial Spares Support List Development Process

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

S117Z1NOTE NREI -NOT READI END ITERS IIT7INOTE GPEI -QUANTITY OF PARTS M. END ITER 11775NOTE FUSERF -PARTS USE RATE FACTOR U8WOTE OP U -OTHER PARTS USE...FAILURES ’I 1675R PtJER.L=(NREI.K) (QPEI) (PUSERF.K)+OPUR II7HNOTE PUSER -PARTS USE RATE II7t5NOTE NREI -NOT READY END ITEMS II756NOTE GPEI -QUANTITY

Iron(II)-catalyzed intramolecular aminohydroxylation of olefins with functionalized hydroxylamines.

PubMed

Liu, Guan-Sai; Zhang, Yong-Qiang; Yuan, Yong-An; Xu, Hao

2013-03-06

A diastereoselective aminohydroxylation of olefins with a functionalized hydroxylamine is catalyzed by new iron(II) complexes. This efficient intramolecular process readily affords synthetically useful amino alcohols with excellent selectivity (dr up to > 20:1). Asymmetric catalysis with chiral iron(II) complexes and preliminary mechanistic studies reveal an iron nitrenoid is a possible intermediate that can undergo either aminohydroxylation or aziridination, and the selectivity can be controlled by careful selection of counteranion/ligand combinations.

Properties of an intermediate-duration inactivation process of the voltage-gated sodium conductance in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.

PubMed

French, Christopher R; Zeng, Zhen; Williams, David A; Hill-Yardin, Elisa L; O'Brien, Terence J

2016-02-01

Rapid transmembrane flow of sodium ions produces the depolarizing phase of action potentials (APs) in most excitable tissue through voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV). Macroscopic currents display rapid activation followed by fast inactivation (IF) within milliseconds. Slow inactivation (IS) has been subsequently observed in several preparations including neuronal tissues. IS serves important physiological functions, but the kinetic properties are incompletely characterized, especially the operative timescales. Here we present evidence for an "intermediate inactivation" (II) process in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons with time constants of the order of 100 ms. The half-inactivation potentials (V0.5) of steady-state inactivation curves were hyperpolarized by increasing conditioning pulse duration from 50 to 500 ms and could be described by a sum of Boltzmann relations. II state transitions were observed after opening as well as subthreshold potentials. Entry into II after opening was relatively insensitive to membrane potential, and recovery of II became more rapid at hyperpolarized potentials. Removal of fast inactivation with cytoplasmic papaine revealed time constants of INa decay corresponding to II and IS with long depolarizations. Dynamic clamp revealed attenuation of trains of APs over the 10(2)-ms timescale, suggesting a functional role of II in repetitive firing accommodation. These experimental findings could be reproduced with a five-state Markov model. It is likely that II affects important aspects of hippocampal neuron response and may provide a drug target for sodium channel modulation. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

Ear-like poly (acrylic acid)-activated carbon nanocomposite: A highly efficient adsorbent for removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solutions.

PubMed

Ge, Huacai; Wang, Jincui

2017-02-01

Poly (acrylic acid) modified activated carbon nanocomposite (PAA-AC) was synthesized. The structure and morphology of this nanocomposite were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD and Zeta potential. The adsorption of some heavy metal ions on PAA-AC was studied. The characterization results indicated that PAA-AC was a novel and ear-like nanosheet material with the thickness of about 40 nm and the diameter of about 300 nm. The adsorption results exhibited that the introduction of carboxyl groups into activated carbon evidently increased the uptake for heavy metal ions and the nanocomposite had maximum uptake for Cd(II). Various variables affecting adsorption of PAA-AC for Cd(II) were systematically explored. The maximum capacity and equilibrium time for adsorption of Cd(II) by PAA-AC were 473.2 mg g -1 and 15 min. Moreover, the removal of Cd(II) for real electroplating wastewater by PAA-AC could reach 98.5%. These meant that the removal of Cd(II) by PAA-AC was highly efficient and fast. The sorption kinetics and isotherm fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, respectively. The adsorption mainly was a chemical process by chelation. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results revealed that PAA-AC could be considered as a potential candidate for Cd(II) removal. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Born to run: control of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II.

PubMed

Chen, Fei Xavier; Smith, Edwin R; Shilatifard, Ali

2018-05-08

The dynamic regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an integral part of the implementation of gene expression programmes during development. In most metazoans, the majority of transcribed genes exhibit transient pausing of Pol II at promoter-proximal regions, and the release of Pol II into gene bodies is controlled by many regulatory factors that respond to environmental and developmental cues. Misregulation of the elongation stage of transcription is implicated in cancer and other human diseases, suggesting that mechanistic understanding of transcription elongation control is therapeutically relevant. In this Review, we discuss the features, establishment and maintenance of Pol II pausing, the transition into productive elongation, the control of transcription elongation by enhancers and by factors of other cellular processes, such as topoisomerases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and the potential of therapeutic targeting of the elongation stage of transcription by Pol II.

Palladium and gold removal and recovery from precious metal solutions and electronic scrap leachates by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.

PubMed

Creamer, Neil J; Baxter-Plant, Victoria S; Henderson, John; Potter, M; Macaskie, Lynne E

2006-09-01

Biomass of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was used to recover Au(III) as Au(0) from test solutions and from waste electronic scrap leachate. Au(0) was precipitated extracellularly by a different mechanism from the biodeposition of Pd(0). The presence of Cu(2+) ( approximately 2000 mg/l) in the leachate inhibited the hydrogenase-mediated removal of Pd(II) but pre-palladisation of the cells in the absence of added Cu(2+) facilitated removal of Pd(II) from the leachate and more than 95% of the Pd(II) was removed autocatalytically from a test solution supplemented with Cu(II) and Pd(II). Metal recovery was demonstrated in a gas-lift electrobioreactor with electrochemically generated hydrogen, followed by precipitation of recovered metal under gravity. A 3-stage bioseparation process for the recovery of Au(III), Pd(II) and Cu(II) is proposed.

77 FR 59339 - Cross Waivers of Liability Clauses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-27

... facilities and services; and (ii) All activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or... develop further a Payload's product or process for use other than for ISS-related activities in... (ii) All activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or guidance and control...

23 CFR 924.13 - Evaluation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Ensure the accuracy and currency of the safety data; (ii) Identify factors that affect the priority of... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HIGHWAY SAFETY HIGHWAY SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM... reaching the performance goals identified in § 924.9(a)(3)(ii)(G). (2) Include a process to evaluate the...

12 CFR 12.7 - Securities trading policies and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... registered broker/dealers; (ii) Execute transactions in securities for customers; or (iii) Process orders for... investment recommendations or decisions for the accounts of customers; (ii) Participate in the determination of the recommendations or decisions; or (iii) In connection with their duties, obtain information...

Optimising operational amplifiers by evolutionary algorithms and gm/Id method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tlelo-Cuautle, E.; Sanabria-Borbon, A. C.

2016-10-01

The evolutionary algorithm called non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is applied herein in the optimisation of operational transconductance amplifiers. NSGA-II is accelerated by applying the gm/Id method to estimate reduced search spaces associated to widths (W) and lengths (L) of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFETs), and to guarantee their appropriate bias levels conditions. In addition, we introduce an integer encoding for the W/L sizes of the MOSFETs to avoid a post-processing step for rounding-off their values to be multiples of the integrated circuit fabrication technology. Finally, from the feasible solutions generated by NSGA-II, we introduce a second optimisation stage to guarantee that the final feasible W/L sizes solutions support process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. The optimisation results lead us to conclude that the gm/Id method and integer encoding are quite useful to accelerate the convergence of the evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II, while the second optimisation stage guarantees robustness of the feasible solutions to PVT variations.

The evolutionary pathway from anoxygenic to oxygenic photosynthesis examined by comparison of the properties of photosystem II and bacterial reaction centers.

PubMed

Allen, J P; Williams, J C

2011-01-01

In photosynthetic organisms, such as purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants, light is captured and converted into energy to create energy-rich compounds. The primary process of energy conversion involves the transfer of electrons from an excited donor molecule to a series of electron acceptors in pigment-protein complexes. Two of these complexes, the bacterial reaction center and photosystem II, are evolutionarily related and structurally similar. However, only photosystem II is capable of performing the unique reaction of water oxidation. An understanding of the evolutionary process that lead to the development of oxygenic photosynthesis can be found by comparison of these two complexes. In this review, we summarize how insight is being gained by examination of the differences in critical functional properties of these complexes and by experimental efforts to alter pigment-protein interactions of the bacterial reaction center in order to enable it to perform reactions, such as amino acid and metal oxidation, observable in photosystem II.

Substrate specificities and intracellular distributions of three N-glycan processing enzymes functioning at a key branch point in the insect N-glycosylation pathway.

PubMed

Geisler, Christoph; Jarvis, Donald L

2012-03-02

Man(α1-6)[GlcNAc(β1-2)Man(α1-3)]ManGlcNAc(2) is a key branch point intermediate in the insect N-glycosylation pathway because it can be either trimmed by a processing β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (FDL) to produce paucimannosidic N-glycans or elongated by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GNT-II) to produce complex N-glycans. N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GNT-I) contributes to branch point intermediate production and can potentially reverse the FDL trimming reaction. However, there has been no concerted effort to evaluate the relationships among these three enzymes in any single insect system. Hence, we extended our previous studies on Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) FDL to include GNT-I and -II. Sf-GNT-I and -II cDNAs were isolated, the predicted protein sequences were analyzed, and both gene products were expressed and their acceptor substrate specificities and intracellular localizations were determined. Sf-GNT-I transferred N-acetylglucosamine to Man(5)GlcNAc(2), Man(3)GlcNAc(2), and GlcNAc(β1-2)Man(α1-6)[Man(α1-3)]ManGlcNAc(2), demonstrating its role in branch point intermediate production and its ability to reverse FDL trimming. Sf-GNT-II only transferred N-acetylglucosamine to Man(α1-6)[GlcNAc(β1-2)Man(α1-3)]ManGlcNAc(2), demonstrating that it initiates complex N-glycan production, but cannot use Man(3)GlcNAc(2) to produce hybrid or complex structures. Fluorescently tagged Sf-GNT-I and -II co-localized with an endogenous Sf Golgi marker and Sf-FDL co-localized with Sf-GNT-I and -II, indicating that all three enzymes are Golgi resident proteins. Unexpectedly, fluorescently tagged Drosophila melanogaster FDL also co-localized with Sf-GNT-I and an endogenous Drosophila Golgi marker, indicating that it is a Golgi resident enzyme in insect cells. Thus, the substrate specificities and physical juxtapositioning of GNT-I, GNT-II, and FDL support the idea that these enzymes function at the N-glycan processing branch point and are major factors determining the net outcome of the insect cell N-glycosylation pathway.

Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles impregnated on apple pomace to enhanced adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution.

PubMed

Chand, Piar; Pakade, Yogesh B

2015-07-01

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and impregnated onto apple pomace surface (HANP@AP) for efficient removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from water. HANP@AP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface area analysis. Batch sorption studies were carried out to investigate the influence of different parameters as amount of dose (g), pH, time (min), and initial concentration (mg L(-1)) on adsorption process. Experimental kinetic data followed pseudo-second-order model and equilibrium data well fitted to Langmuir adsorption model with maximum adsorption capacities of 303, 250, and 100 mg g(-1) for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions, respectively. Competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions in presences of each other was studied to evaluate the removal efficiency of HANP@AP against multi metal-loaded water. HANP@AP was successfully applied to real industrial wastewater with 100 % removal of all three metal ions even at high concentration. HANP@AP could be recycled for four, four, and three cycles in case of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II), respectively. The study showed that HANP@AP is fast, cost effective, and environmental friendly adsorbent for removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from real industrial wastewater.

Easy To Synthesize, Robust Organo‐osmium Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts

PubMed Central

Coverdale, James P. C.; Sanchez‐Cano, Carlos; Clarkson, Guy J.; Soni, Rina

2015-01-01

Abstract Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) is an important process in organic synthesis for which the Noyori‐type RuII catalysts [(arene)Ru(Tsdiamine)] are now well established and widely used. We now demonstrate for the first time the catalytic activity of the osmium analogues. X‐ray crystal structures of the 16‐electron OsII catalysts are almost identical to those of RuII. Intriguingly the precursor complex was isolated as a dichlorido complex with a monodentate amine ligand. The OsII catalysts are readily synthesised (within 1 h) and exhibit excellent enantioselectivity in ATH reactions of ketones. PMID:25853228

Rapid conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by neutrophil and mast cell proteinases.

PubMed

Reilly, C F; Tewksbury, D A; Schechter, N M; Travis, J

1982-08-10

Human neutrophil cathepsin G and human skin mast cell chymase rapidly convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II with only minor cleavage elsewhere in the molecule. The rate of cleavage is consistent with a potential role for either or both of these enzymes in an alternate pathway for angiotensin II synthesis. Since neither enzyme in inhibited by captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inactivator, it is possible that leukocyte and mast cell enzymes may play a significant role in the development of abnormally high local concentrations of angiotensin II, associated with various inflammatory processes.

Upregulation of cathepsin S in psoriatic keratinocytes.

PubMed

Schönefuss, Alexander; Wendt, Wiebke; Schattling, Benjamin; Schulten, Roxane; Hoffmann, Klaus; Stuecker, Markus; Tigges, Christian; Lübbert, Hermann; Stichel, Christine

2010-08-01

Cathepsin S (CATS) is a cysteine protease, well known for its role in MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and extracellular matrix degradation. Disturbance of the expression or metabolism of this protease is a concomitant feature of several diseases. Given this importance we studied the localization and regulation of CATS expression in normal and pathological human/mouse skin. In normal human skin CATS-immunostaining is mainly present in the dermis and is localized in macrophages, Langerhans, T- and endothelial cells, but absent in keratinocytes. In all analyzed pathological skin biopsies, i.e. atopic dermatitis, actinic keratosis and psoriasis, CATS staining is strongly increased in the dermis. But only in psoriasis, CATS-immunostaining is also detectable in keratinocytes. We show that cocultivation with T-cells as well as treatment with cytokines can trigger expression and secretion of CATS, which is involved in MHC II processing in keratinocytes. Our data provide first evidence that CATS expression (i) is selectively induced in psoriatic keratinocytes, (ii) is triggered by T-cells and (iii) might be involved in keratinocytic MHC class II expression, the processing of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. This paper expands our knowledge on the important role of keratinocytes in dermatological disease.

Neofunctionalization of a duplicate hatching enzyme gene during the evolution of teleost fishes.

PubMed

Sano, Kaori; Kawaguchi, Mari; Watanabe, Satoshi; Yasumasu, Shigeki

2014-10-19

Duplication and subsequent neofunctionalization of the teleostean hatching enzyme gene occurred in the common ancestor of Euteleostei and Otocephala, producing two genes belonging to different phylogenetic clades (clade I and II). In euteleosts, the clade I enzyme inherited the activity of the ancestral enzyme of swelling the egg envelope by cleavage of the N-terminal region of egg envelope proteins. The clade II enzyme gained two specific cleavage sites, N-ZPd and mid-ZPd but lost the ancestral activity. Thus, euteleostean clade II enzymes assumed a new function; solubilization of the egg envelope by the cooperative action with clade I enzyme. However, in Otocephala, the clade II gene was lost during evolution. Consequently, in a late group of Otocephala, only the clade I enzyme is present to swell the egg envelope. We evaluated the egg envelope digestion properties of clade I and II enzymes in Gonorynchiformes, an early diverging group of Otocephala, using milkfish, and compared their digestion with those of other fishes. Finally, we propose a hypothesis of the neofunctionalization process. The milkfish clade II enzyme cleaved N-ZPd but not mid-ZPd, and did not cause solubilization of the egg envelope. We conclude that neofunctionalization is incomplete in the otocephalan clade II enzymes. Comparison of clade I and clade II enzyme characteristics implies that the specificity of the clade II enzymes gradually changed during evolution after the duplication event, and that a change in substrate was required for the addition of the mid-ZPd site and loss of activity at the N-terminal region. We infer the process of neofunctionalization of the clade II enzyme after duplication of the gene. The ancestral clade II gene gained N-ZPd cleavage activity in the common ancestral lineage of the Euteleostei and Otocephala. Subsequently, acquisition of cleavage activity at the mid-ZPd site and loss of cleavage activity in the N-terminal region occurred during the evolution of Euteleostei, but not of Otocephala. The clade II enzyme provides an example of the development of a neofunctional gene for which the substrate, the egg envelope protein, has adapted to a gradual change in the specificity of the corresponding enzyme.

Structural, Electronic, and Electrochemical Properties of LixCo[Fe(CN)6]0.902.9H2O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takachi, Masamitsu; Matsuda, Tomoyuki; Moritomo, Yutaka

2013-04-01

Prussian blue analogues with jungle-gym-type structure are promising candidates for cathode materials of the lithium-ion secondary battery (LIB). Here, we investigated the structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties of cobalt hexacyanoferrate, LixCo[Fe(CN)6]0.902.9H2O, against Li concentration (x). The capacity (= 139 mAh/g) of the thin-film electrode was close to the ideal value (= 132 mAh/g) for the two-electron reaction. The discharge curve exhibits three plateaus, i.e., plateaus I, II, and III. The material exhibits a first-order phase transition accompanied by significant volume expansion by 7% at the boundary between plateaus II and III. Ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicates that the discharge processes of plateaus I, II, and III are ascribed to the reduction processes of Fe3+, Co3+, and Fe3+, respectively. The rate (r) and cycle (n) dependence of the electrode performance will be discussed in terms of the reduction processes.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(maleic acid)-grafted crosslinked chitosan nanomaterial with high uptake and selectivity for Hg(II) sorption.

PubMed

Ge, Huacai; Hua, Tingting

2016-11-20

Chitosan-poly(maleic acid) nanomaterial (PMACS) with the size of 400-900nm was synthesized by grafting poly(maleic acid) onto chitosan and then crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The synthesis conditions were optimized. The structure and morphology of PMACS were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TGA. PMACS was used to adsorb some heavy metal ions such as Hg(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Zn(II). The results indicated that PMACS had selectivity for Hg(II) sorption. The effects of various variables for sorption of Hg(II) were further explored. The maximum capacity for Hg(II) sorption was found to be 1044mgg(-1) at pH 6.0, which could compare with the maximal value of the recently reported other sorbents. The sorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. The rising of temperature benefited the uptake and the sorption was a spontaneous chemical process. The sorbent could be reused with EDTA. Hence, the nanomaterial would be used as a selective and high uptake sorbent in the removal of Hg(II) from effluents. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ultraviolet observations of the gas phase abundances in the diffuse clouds toward Zeta Ophiuchi at 3.5 kilometers per second resolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savage, Blair D.; Cardelli, Jason A.; Sofia, Ulysses J.

1992-01-01

Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph echelle mode measurements at 3.5 km/s resolution are presented for interstellar absorption produced by C II, O I, Mg I, Mg II, Al III, P II, Cr II, Mn II, Fe II, Ni II, Cu II, Zn II, Ga II, Ge II, and Kr I. The absorption line measurements are converted into representations of apparent column density per unit velocity in order to study the multicomponent nature of the absorption. The high spectral resolution of the measurements allows a comparative study of gas phase abundances for many species in the absorbing clouds near -27 and -15 km/s with a typical precision of about 0.05 dex. The matter absorbing near -27 km/s is situated in the local interstellar medium and has log N(H I) of about 19.74. This absorption provides information about the modest 'base' depletion associated with the lower density interstellar medium. The depletion results suggest that accretion processes are operating interstellar clouds that exhibit similar depletion efficiencies for some elements but much higher depletion efficiencies for others.

Nickel(II) biosorption from aqueous solutions by shrimp head biomass.

PubMed

Hernández-Estévez, Alejandro; Cristiani-Urbina, Eliseo

2014-11-01

The present study evaluates the capacity of shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) head to remove toxic Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Relevant parameters that could affect the biosorption process, such as shrimp head pretreatment, solution pH level, contact time and initial Ni(II) concentration, were studied in batch systems. An increase in Ni(II) biosorption capacity and a reduction in the time required to reach Ni(II) biosorption equilibrium was manifested by shrimp head biomass pretreated by boiling in 0.5 N NaOH for 15 min; this biomass was thereafter denominated APSH. The optimum biosorption level of Ni(II) ions onto APSH was observed at pH 7.0. Biosorption increased significantly with rising initial Ni(II) concentration. In terms of biosorption dynamics, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model described Ni(II) biosorption onto APSH best. The equilibrium data adequately fitted the Langmuir isotherm model within the studied Ni(II) ion concentration range. According to this isotherm model, the maximum Ni(II) biosorption capacity of APSH was 104.22 mg/g. Results indicate that APSH could be used as a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and promising biosorbent with high biosorption capacity to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solutions.

Rapid activity-induced transcription of arc and other IEGs relies on poised RNA polymerase II

PubMed Central

Saha, Ramendra N.; Wissink, Erin M.; Bailey, Emma R.; Zhao, Meilan; Fargo, David C.; Hwang, Ji-yeon; Daigle, Kelly R.; Fenn, J. Daniel; Adelman, Karen; Dudek, Serena M.

2011-01-01

Summary Transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs) in neurons is exquisitely sensitive to neuronal activity, but the mechanism underlying these early transcription events is largely unknown. We demonstrate that several IEGs such as arc/arg3.1 are poised for near-instantaneous transcription by the stalling of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) just downstream of the transcription start site in rat neurons. RNAi-depletion of Negative Elongation Factor, a mediator of Pol II stalling, reduces the Pol II occupancy of the arc promoter and compromises the rapid induction of arc and other IEGs. In contrast, reduction of Pol II stalling did not prevent transcription of IEGs that are expressed later and largely lack promoter proximal Pol II stalling. Together, our data strongly indicate that rapid induction of neuronal IEGs requires poised Pol II and suggest a role for this mechanism in a wide variety of transcription-dependent processes, including learning and memory. PMID:21623364

Catalase-like activity studies of the manganese(II) adsorbed zeolites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

ćiçek, Ekrem; Dede, Bülent

2013-12-01

Preparation of manganese(II) adsorbed on zeolite 3A, 4A, 5A. AW-300, ammonium Y zeolite, organophilic, molecular sieve and catalase-like enzyme activity of manganese(II) adsorbed zeolites are reported herein. Firstly zeolites are activated at 873 K for two hours before contact manganese(II) ions. In order to observe amount of adsorption, filtration process applied for the solution. The pure zeolites and manganese(II) adsorbed zeolites were analysed by FT-IR. As a result according to the FT-IR spectra, the incorporation of manganese(II) cation into the zeolite structure causes changes in the spectra. These changes are expected particularly in the pseudolattice bands connected with the presence of alumino and silicooxygen tetrahedral rings in the zeolite structure. Furthermore, the catalytic activities of the Mn(II) adsorbed zeolites for the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide were investigated in the presence of imidazole. The Mn(II) adsorbed zeolites display efficiency in the disproportion reactions of hydrogen peroxide, producing water and dioxygen in catalase-like activity.

Efficacy and reusability of alginate-immobilized live and heat-inactivated Trichoderma asperellum cells for Cu (II) removal from aqueous solution.

PubMed

Tan, Wei Shang; Ting, Adeline Su Yien

2012-11-01

Cu(II) removal efficacies of alginate-immobilized Trichoderma asperellum using viable and non-viable forms were investigated with respect to time, pH, and initial Cu(II) concentrations. The reusability potential of the biomass was determined based on sorption/desorption tests. Cu(II) biosorption by immobilized heat-inactivated T. asperellum cells was the most efficient, with 134.22mg Cu(II) removed g(-1) adsorbent, compared to immobilized viable cells and plain alginate beads (control) with 105.96 and 94.04mg Cu(II) adsorbed g(-1) adsorbent, respectively. Immobilized non-viable cells achieved equilibrium more rapidly within 4h. For all biosorbents, optimum pH for Cu(II) removal was between pH 4 and 5. Reusability of all biosorbents were similar, with more than 90% Cu(II) desorbed with HCl. These alginate-immobilized cells can be applied to reduce clogging and post-separation process incurred from use of suspended biomass. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 30.605 - Processing noncompliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... with the alleged noncompliance; or (ii) Issue a notice of potential noncompliance to the contractor and provide a copy to the auditor. (2) The notice of potential noncompliance shall— (i) Notify the contractor... difference is increased cost to the Government. (ii) When the negotiated contract or subcontract price is...

48 CFR 30.605 - Processing noncompliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... with the alleged noncompliance; or (ii) Issue a notice of potential noncompliance to the contractor and provide a copy to the auditor. (2) The notice of potential noncompliance shall— (i) Notify the contractor... difference is increased cost to the Government. (ii) When the negotiated contract or subcontract price is...

48 CFR 30.605 - Processing noncompliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... with the alleged noncompliance; or (ii) Issue a notice of potential noncompliance to the contractor and provide a copy to the auditor. (2) The notice of potential noncompliance shall— (i) Notify the contractor... difference is increased cost to the Government. (ii) When the negotiated contract or subcontract price is...

48 CFR 30.605 - Processing noncompliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... with the alleged noncompliance; or (ii) Issue a notice of potential noncompliance to the contractor and provide a copy to the auditor. (2) The notice of potential noncompliance shall— (i) Notify the contractor... difference is increased cost to the Government. (ii) When the negotiated contract or subcontract price is...

48 CFR 30.605 - Processing noncompliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... with the alleged noncompliance; or (ii) Issue a notice of potential noncompliance to the contractor and provide a copy to the auditor. (2) The notice of potential noncompliance shall— (i) Notify the contractor... difference is increased cost to the Government. (ii) When the negotiated contract or subcontract price is...

7 CFR 946.336 - Handling regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; (ii) Charity; (iii) Seed; (iv) Prepeeling; (v) Canning, freezing, and “other processing” as... shipments of potatoes for canning, freezing, or “other processing” pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section... for processing; (ii) Make shipments only to those firms whose names appear on the committee's list of...

7 CFR 946.336 - Handling regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; (ii) Charity; (iii) Seed; (iv) Prepeeling; (v) Canning, freezing, and “other processing” as... shipments of potatoes for canning, freezing, or “other processing” pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section... for processing; (ii) Make shipments only to those firms whose names appear on the committee's list of...

7 CFR 946.336 - Handling regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; (ii) Charity; (iii) Seed; (iv) Prepeeling; (v) Canning, freezing, and “other processing” as... shipments of potatoes for canning, freezing, or “other processing” pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section... for processing; (ii) Make shipments only to those firms whose names appear on the committee's list of...

7 CFR 946.336 - Handling regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; (ii) Charity; (iii) Seed; (iv) Prepeeling; (v) Canning, freezing, and “other processing” as... shipments of potatoes for canning, freezing, or “other processing” pursuant to paragraph (d) of this section... for processing; (ii) Make shipments only to those firms whose names appear on the committee's list of...

76 FR 56107 - Requiring Use of Electronic Services by Certain Claimant Representatives

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-12

... ineligibility or personal preference, they can continue to use our paper processes and forms. Comment: A few... consider vocational factors; (3) * * * (ii) * * * This includes providing prompt and responsive answers to... need when we consider vocational factors; (3) * * * (ii) * * * This includes providing prompt and...

Process for the extraction of technetium from uranium

DOEpatents

Gong, Cynthia-May S.; Poineau, Frederic; Czerwinski, Kenneth R.

2010-12-21

A spent fuel reprocessing method contacts an aqueous solution containing Technetium(V) and uranyl with an acidic solution comprising hydroxylamine hydrochloride or acetohydroxamic acid to reduce Tc(V) to Tc(II, and then extracts the uranyl with an organic phase, leaving technetium(II) in aqueous solution.

Convergence Toward Common Standards in Machine-Readable Cataloging *

PubMed Central

Gull, C. D.

1969-01-01

The adoption of the MARC II format for the communication of bibliographic information by the three National Libraries of the U.S.A. makes it possible for those libraries to converge on the remaining necessary common standards for machine-readable cataloging. Three levels of standards are identified: fundamental, the character set; intermediate, MARC II; and detailed, the codes for identifying data elements. The convergence on these standards implies that the National Libraries can create and operate a Joint Bibliographic Data Bank requiring standard book numbers and universal serial numbers for identifying monographs and serials and that the system will thoroughly process contributed catalog entries before adding them to the Data Bank. There is reason to hope that the use of the MARC II format will facilitate catalogers' decision processes. PMID:5782261

Modeling and prediction of copper removal from aqueous solutions by nZVI/rGO magnetic nanocomposites using ANN-GA and ANN-PSO.

PubMed

Fan, Mingyi; Hu, Jiwei; Cao, Rensheng; Xiong, Kangning; Wei, Xionghui

2017-12-21

Reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) magnetic nanocomposites were prepared and then applied in the Cu(II) removal from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and superconduction quantum interference device magnetometer were performed to characterize the nZVI/rGO nanocomposites. In order to reduce the number of experiments and the economic cost, response surface methodology (RSM) combined with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), has been utilized as a major tool that can model and optimize the removal processes, because a tremendous advance has recently been made on AI that may result in extensive applications. Based on RSM, ANN-GA and ANN-PSO were employed to model the Cu(II) removal process and optimize the operating parameters, e.g., operating temperature, initial pH, initial concentration and contact time. The ANN-PSO model was proven to be an effective tool for modeling and optimizing the Cu(II) removal with a low absolute error and a high removal efficiency. Furthermore, the isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic studies and the XPS analysis were performed to explore the mechanisms of Cu(II) removal process.

Effect of tube processing methods on microstructure, mechanical properties and irradiation response of 14YWT nanostructured ferritic alloys

DOE PAGES

Aydogan, E.; Maloy, S. A.; Anderoglu, O.; ...

2017-06-06

In this research, innovative thermal spray deposition (Process I) and conventional hot extrusion processing (Process II) methods have been used to produce thin walled tubing (~0.5 mm wall thickness) out of 14YWT, a nanostructured ferritic alloy. The effects of processing methods on the microstructure, mechanical properties and irradiation response have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, micro- and nano-hardness techniques. It has been found that these two processes have a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-fabricated 14YWT tubes. Even though both processing methods yield the formation of variousmore » size Y-Ti-O particles, the conventional hot extrusion method results in a microstructure with smaller, homogenously distributed nano-oxides (NOs, Y-Ti-O particles < 5 nm) with higher density. Therefore, Process II tubes exhibit twice the hardness of Process I tubes. It has also been found that these two tremendously different initial microstructures strongly affect irradiation response in these tubes under extremely high dose ion irradiations up to 1100 peak dpa at 450 °C. The finer, denser and homogenously distributed NOs in the Process II tube result in a reduction in swelling by two orders of magnitude. On the other hand, inhomogeneity of the initial microstructure in the Process I tube leads to large variations in both swelling and irradiation induced hardening. Moreover, hardening mechanisms before and after irradiation were measured and compared with detailed calculations. In conclusion, this study clearly indicates the crucial effect of initial microstructure on radiation response of 14YWT alloys.« less

Effect of tube processing methods on microstructure, mechanical properties and irradiation response of 14YWT nanostructured ferritic alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aydogan, E.; Maloy, S. A.; Anderoglu, O.

In this research, innovative thermal spray deposition (Process I) and conventional hot extrusion processing (Process II) methods have been used to produce thin walled tubing (~0.5 mm wall thickness) out of 14YWT, a nanostructured ferritic alloy. The effects of processing methods on the microstructure, mechanical properties and irradiation response have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, micro- and nano-hardness techniques. It has been found that these two processes have a significant effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-fabricated 14YWT tubes. Even though both processing methods yield the formation of variousmore » size Y-Ti-O particles, the conventional hot extrusion method results in a microstructure with smaller, homogenously distributed nano-oxides (NOs, Y-Ti-O particles < 5 nm) with higher density. Therefore, Process II tubes exhibit twice the hardness of Process I tubes. It has also been found that these two tremendously different initial microstructures strongly affect irradiation response in these tubes under extremely high dose ion irradiations up to 1100 peak dpa at 450 °C. The finer, denser and homogenously distributed NOs in the Process II tube result in a reduction in swelling by two orders of magnitude. On the other hand, inhomogeneity of the initial microstructure in the Process I tube leads to large variations in both swelling and irradiation induced hardening. Moreover, hardening mechanisms before and after irradiation were measured and compared with detailed calculations. In conclusion, this study clearly indicates the crucial effect of initial microstructure on radiation response of 14YWT alloys.« less

Impact on the Fe redox cycling of organic ligands released by Synechococcus PCC 7002, under different iron fertilization scenarios. Modeling approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samperio-Ramos, Guillermo; González-Dávila, Melchor; Santana-Casiano, J. Magdalena

2018-06-01

The kinetics of Fe redox transformations are of crucial importance in determining the bioavailability of iron, due to inorganic Fe(II) and Fe weakly organic complexes being the most easily assimilated species by phytoplankton. The role played by the natural organic ligands excreted by the cyanobacteria Synecococcus PCC 7002 on the iron redox chemistry was studied at different stages of growth, considering changes in the organic exudation of the cyanobacteria, associated with growth under two different scenarios of iron availability. The oxidation/reduction processes of iron were studied at nanomolar levels and under different physicochemical conditions of pH (7.2- 8.2), temperature (5- 35 °C) and salinity (10- 37). The presence of natural organic exudates of Synechococcus affected the redox behavior of iron. A pH-dependent and photo-induced Fe(III) reduction process was detected in the presence of exudates produced under Fe-Low conditions. Photolytic reactions also modified the reactivity of those exudates with respect to Fe(II), increasing its lifetime in seawater. Without light mediated processes, organic ligands excreted under iron deficient conditions intensified the Fe(II) oxidation at pH < 7.5. The organic exudates released under High-Fe conditions retarded the Fe(II) oxidation rate, as a function of DOC produced. The changes in the apparent oxidation rate were fitted to polynomial functions for both of the Fe-scenarios considered. A kinetic modeling approach to describe the speciation and the contribution of individual Fe(II) species to the overall oxidation rate was applied, considering the experimental data and delimiting the equilibrium and redox constants between iron and the major ligands present in solution. Two organic type ligands for the exudates of Synechococcus PCC 7002, with different iron-chelation properties were included in the model. The Fe(II) speciation was radically affected when organic ligands were considered. The individual contributions to the overall Fe(II) oxidation rate demonstrated that these organic ligands played a key role in the oxidation process, although their contributions were dependent on the prescribed iron conditions. The study, therefore, suggests that the variability in the composition and nature of organic exudates released, due to iron availability conditions, might determine the redox behaviour of iron in seawater.

Molecular tectonics: hierarchical organization of heterobimetallic coordination networks into heterotrimetallic core-shell crystals.

PubMed

Zhang, Fan; Adolf, Cyril R R; Zigon, Nicolas; Ferlay, Sylvie; Kyritsakas, Nathalie; Hosseini, Mir Wais

2017-03-23

Combinations of a neutral Pt(ii) organometallic tecton bearing two triphenylphosphine and two 3-ethynylpyridyl coordinating moieties in trans positions with MX 2 complexes (M = Co(ii) and X = Cl - or Br - and M = Zn(ii) and X = Cl - ) lead to the formation of isostructural 1D heterobimetallic coordination compounds. By 3D epitaxial growth processes, using coordination bonding, heterotrimetallic core-shell crystals are generated by the growth of crystalline layers on seed crystals.

A search for technetium (Tc II) in barium stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Little-Marenin, Irene R.; Little, Stephen J.

1987-01-01

The authors searched without success for the lines of Tc II at 2647.02, 2610.00 and 2543.24 A in IUE spectra of the barium stars HR 5058, Omicron Vir, and Zeta Cap. The lack of Tc II implies that the observed s-process enhancements were produced more than half a million years ago and supports the suggestion that the spectral peculiarities of barium stars are probably related to the binary nature of the stars.

Th-1 polarization is regulated by dendritic-cell comparison of MHC class I and class II antigens

PubMed Central

Xing, Dongxia; Li, Sufang; Robinson, Simon N.; Yang, Hong; Steiner, David; Komanduri, Krishna V.; Shpall, Elizabeth J.

2009-01-01

In the control of T-helper type I (Th-1) polarization, dendritic cells (DCs) must interpret a complex array of stimuli, many of which are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Th-1 polarization is heavily influenced by DC-autonomous phenomena triggered by the loading of DCs with antigenically matched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II determinants, that is, class I and II peptide epitopes exhibiting significant amino acid sequence overlap (such as would be physiologically present during infectious processes requiring Th-1 immunity for clearance). Data were derived from 13 independent antigenic models including whole-cell systems, single-protein systems, and 3 different pairs of overlapping class I and II binding epitopes. Once loaded with matched class I and II antigens, these “Th-1 DCs” exhibited differential cytokine secretion and surface marker expression, a distinct transcriptional signature, and acquired the ability to enhance generation of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, tRNA-synthetases were implicated as components of a putative sensor complex involved in the comparison of class I and II epitopes. These data provide rigorous conceptual explanations for the process of Th-1 polarization and the antigenic specificity of cognate T-cell help, enhance the understanding of Th-1 responses, and should contribute to the formulation of more effective vaccination strategies. PMID:19171878

Adsorption of mercury from aqueous solutions using palm oil fuel ash as an adsorbent - batch studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imla Syafiqah, M. S.; Yussof, H. W.

2018-03-01

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is one of the most abundantly produced waste materials. POFA is widely used by the oil palm industry which was collected as ash from the burning of empty fruit bunches fiber (EFB) and palm oil kernel shells (POKS) in the boiler as fuel to generate electricity. Mercury adsorption was conducted in a batch process to study the effects of contact time, initial Hg(II) ion concentration, and temperature. In this study, POFA was prepared and used for the removal of mercury(II) ion from the aqueous phase. The effects of various parameters such as contact time (0- 360 min), temperature (15 – 45 °C) and initial Hg(II) ion concentration (1 – 5 mg/L) for the removal of Hg(II) ion were studied in a batch process. The surface characterization was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size distribution analysis. From this study, it was found that the highest Hg(II) ion removal was 99.60 % at pH 7, contact time of 4 h, initial Hg(II) ion concentration of 1 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 0.25 g and agitation speed of 100 rpm. The results implied that POFA has the potential as a low-cost and environmental friendly adsorbent for the removal of mercury from aqueous solution.

Statistical Analysis of Main and Interaction Effects on Cu(II) and Cr(VI) Decontamination by Nitrogen-Doped Magnetic Graphene Oxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Xinjiang; Wang, Hui; Liu, Yunguo

2016-10-01

A nitrogen-doped magnetic graphene oxide (NMGO) was synthesized and applied as an adsorbent to remove Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The individual and combined effects of various factors (A: pH, B: temperature, C: initial concentration of metal ions, D: CaCl2, and E: humic acid [HA]) on the adsorption were analyzed by a 25-1 fractional factorial design (FFD). The results from this study indicated that the NMGO had higher adsorption capacities for Cu(II) ions than for Cr(VI) ions under most conditions, and the five selected variables affected the two adsorption processes to different extents. A, AC, and C were the very important factors and interactions for Cu(II) adsorption. For Cr(VI) adsorption, A, B, C, AB, and BC were found to be very important influencing variables. The solution pH (A) was the most important influencing factor for removal of both the ions. The main effects of A-E on the removal of Cu(II) were positive. For Cr(VI) adsorption, the main effects of A and D were negative, while B, C, and E were observed to have positive effects. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) ions over NMGO were 146.365 and 72.978 mg/g, respectively, under optimal process conditions.

Marine macroalga Sargassum horneri as biosorbent for heavy metal removal: roles of calcium in ion exchange mechanism.

PubMed

Southichak, B; Nakano, K; Nomura, M; Chiba, N; Nishimura, O

2008-01-01

Brown seaweed Sargassum horneri, a troublesome biomass scattered along the seashore, was utilized as a biosorbent for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The Pb(II) adsorption by brown seaweed was enhanced by pretreatment with CaCl(2), and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation showed a maximum capacity of a Q(max) of 0.696 mmol/g and a b value of 94.33 L/mmol. Results obtained from the mass-balance equation derived from the simulation model of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggested that the adsorption performance of brown seaweed biosorbent was sufficient to reduce the concentration of Pb(II) to meet the range of WHO guideline. The mechanism, as elucidated using pH monitoring, adsorption rate and ion exchange model, involved the rapid pH change of metal solutions that led to high reaction rate and Pb(II) uptake in the first 30 min of the biosorption process. The energy X-ray analysis's result confirmed the sharp reduction of calcium content in the biosorbent after Pb(II) adsorption. The amount of calcium ions released from the biosorbent was about 1.5 times the amount of Pb(II) adsorbed and proved the role of calcium in the ion exchange mechanism. These adsorption equilibrium and mechanistic studies provide useful information for system design and performance prediction of biosorption processes. (c) IWA Publishing 2008.

Manganese(II)-oxidizing Bacillus spores in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments and plumes.

PubMed

Dick, Gregory J; Lee, Yifan E; Tebo, Bradley M

2006-05-01

Microbial oxidation and precipitation of manganese at deep-sea hydrothermal vents are important oceanic biogeochemical processes, yet nothing is known about the types of microorganisms or mechanisms involved. Here we report isolation of a number of diverse spore-forming Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus species from Guaymas Basin, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment in the Gulf of California, where rapid microbially mediated Mn(II) oxidation was previously observed. mnxG multicopper oxidase genes involved in Mn(II) oxidation were amplified from all Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus spores isolated, suggesting that a copper-mediated mechanism of Mn(II) oxidation could be important at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and mnxG genes revealed that while many of the deep-sea Mn(II)-oxidizing Bacillus species are very closely related to previously recognized isolates from coastal sediments, other organisms represent novel strains and clusters. The growth and Mn(II) oxidation properties of these Bacillus species suggest that in hydrothermal sediments they are likely present as spores that are active in oxidizing Mn(II) as it emerges from the seafloor.

The Mediator Complex and Transcription Elongation

PubMed Central

Conaway, Ronald C.; Conaway, Joan Weliky

2013-01-01

Background Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved multisubunit RNA polymerase II (Pol II) coregulatory complex. Although Mediator was initially found to play a critical role in regulation of the initiation of Pol II transcription, recent studies have brought to light an expanded role for Mediator at post-initiation stages of transcription. Scope of review We provide a brief description of the structure of Mediator and its function in the regulation of Pol II transcription initiation, and we summarize recent findings implicating Mediator in the regulation of various stages of Pol II transcription elongation. Major conclusions Emerging evidence is revealing new roles for Mediator in nearly all stages of Pol II transcription, including initiation, promoter escape, elongation, pre-mRNA processing, and termination. General significance Mediator plays a central role in the regulation of gene expression by impacting nearly all stages of mRNA synthesis. PMID:22983086

12 CFR 3.122 - Qualification requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... related processes; (ii) Have and document a process (which must capture business environment and internal... association's current business activities, risk profile, technological processes, and risk management...) Business environment and internal control factors. The national bank or Federal savings association must...

Cloud-based NEXRAD Data Processing and Analysis for Hydrologic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seo, B. C.; Demir, I.; Keem, M.; Goska, R.; Weber, J.; Krajewski, W. F.

2016-12-01

The real-time and full historical archive of NEXRAD Level II data, covering the entire United States from 1991 to present, recently became available on Amazon cloud S3. This provides a new opportunity to rebuild the Hydro-NEXRAD software system that enabled users to access vast amounts of NEXRAD radar data in support of a wide range of research. The system processes basic radar data (Level II) and delivers radar-rainfall products based on the user's custom selection of features such as space and time domain, river basin, rainfall product space and time resolution, and rainfall estimation algorithms. The cloud-based new system can eliminate prior challenges faced by Hydro-NEXRAD data acquisition and processing: (1) temporal and spatial limitation arising from the limited data storage; (2) archive (past) data ingestion and format conversion; and (3) separate data processing flow for the past and real-time Level II data. To enhance massive data processing and computational efficiency, the new system is implemented and tested for the Iowa domain. This pilot study begins by ingesting rainfall metadata and implementing Hydro-NEXRAD capabilities on the cloud using the new polarimetric features, as well as the existing algorithm modules and scripts. The authors address the reliability and feasibility of cloud computation and processing, followed by an assessment of response times from an interactive web-based system.

Critical role for invariant chain in CD1d-mediated selection and maturation of Vα14-invariant NKT cells.

PubMed

Sillé, Fenna C M; Martin, Constance; Jayaraman, Pushpa; Rothchild, Alissa; Besra, Gurdyal S; Behar, Samuel M; Boes, Marianne

2011-09-30

The development and maturation of Vα14 invariant (i)NKT cells in mice requires CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation in the thymus and the periphery. Cortical thymocytes mediate positive selection, while professional APCs are involved in thymic negative selection and in terminal maturation of iNKT cells in the periphery. CD1d requires entry in the endosomal pathway to allow antigen acquisition for assembly as lipid/CD1d complexes for display to iNKT cells. This process involves tyrosine-based sorting motifs in the CD1d cytoplasmic tail and invariant chain (Ii) that CD1d associates with in the endoplasmic reticulum. The function of Ii in iNKT cell thymic development and peripheral maturation had not been fully understood. Using mice deficient in Ii and the Ii-processing enzyme cathepsin S (catS), we addressed this question. Ii(-/-) mice but not catS(-/-) mice developed significantly fewer iNKT cells in thymus, that were less mature as measured by CD44 and NK1.1 expression. Ii(-/-) mice but not catS(-/-) mice developed fewer Vβ7(+) cells in their iNKT TCR repertoire than WT counterparts, indicative of a change in endogenous glycolipid antigen/CD1d-mediated iNKT cell selection. Finally, using a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection model in macrophages, we show that iNKT developed in Ii(-/-) but not catS(-/-) mice have defective effector function. Our data support a role for professional APCs expressing Ii, but no role for catS in the thymic development and peripheral terminal maturation of iNKT cells. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biological Superoxide In Manganese Oxide Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansel, C.; Learman, D.; Zeiner, C.; Santelli, C. M.

2011-12-01

Manganese (Mn) oxides are among the strongest sorbents and oxidants within the environment, controlling the fate and transport of numerous elements and the degradation of recalcitrant carbon. Both bacteria and fungi mediate the oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(III/IV) oxides but the genetic and biochemical mechanisms responsible remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the physiological basis for microbial Mn(II) oxidation remains an enigma. We have recently reported that a common marine bacterium (Roseobacter sp. AzwK-3b) oxidizes Mn(II) via reaction with extracellular superoxide (O2-) produced during exponential growth. Here we expand this superoxide-mediated Mn(II) oxidation pathway to fungi, introducing a surprising homology between prokaryotic and eukaryotic metal redox processes. For instance, Stibella aciculosa, a common soil Ascomycete filamentous fungus, precipitates Mn oxides at the base of asexual reproductive structures (synnemata) used to support conidia (Figure 1). This distribution is a consequence of localized production of superoxide (and it's dismutation product hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), leading to abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) by superoxide. Disruption of NADPH oxidase activity using the oxidoreductase inhibitor DPI leads to diminished cell differentiation and subsequent Mn(II) oxidation inhibition. Addition of Cu(II) (an effective superoxide scavenger) leads to a concentration dependent decrease in Mn oxide formation. We predict that due to the widespread production of extracellular superoxide within the fungal and likely bacterial kingdoms, biological superoxide may be an important contributor to the cycling of Mn, as well as other metals (e.g., Hg, Fe). Current and future explorations of the genes and proteins involved in superoxide production and Mn(II) oxidation will ideally lend insight into the physiological and biochemical basis for these processes.

40 CFR 63.1420 - Applicability and designation of affected sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... limited to, records of chemicals purchased for the process, analyses of process stream composition, engineering calculations, or process knowledge. (ii) When requested by the Administrator, demonstrate that the... applies. (3) Reactions or processing that occur after the epoxide polymerization is complete and after all...

42 CFR 422.157 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... requirements or survey process. If the organization implements the changes before or without CMS approval, CMS... requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to adopt new standards or changes in its survey process; or (iii) The term...

42 CFR 422.157 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... requirements or survey process. If the organization implements the changes before or without CMS approval, CMS... requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to adopt new standards or changes in its survey process; or (iii) The term...

42 CFR 422.157 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... requirements or survey process. If the organization implements the changes before or without CMS approval, CMS... requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to adopt new standards or changes in its survey process; or (iii) The term...

Nonmuscle Myosin II Is Required for Internalization of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Modulation of Downstream Signaling*

PubMed Central

Kim, Jong Hyun; Wang, Aibing; Conti, Mary Anne; Adelstein, Robert S.

2012-01-01

Ligand-induced internalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important process for regulating signal transduction, cellular dynamics, and cell-cell communication. Here, we demonstrate that nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is required for the internalization of the EGFR and to trigger the EGFR-dependent activation of ERK and AKT. The EGFR was identified as a protein that interacts with NM II by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. This interaction requires both the regulatory light chain 20 (RLC20) of NM II and the kinase domain of the EGFR. Two paralogs of NM II, NM II-A, and NM II-B can act to internalize the EGFR, depending on the cell type and paralog content of the cell line. Loss (siRNA) or inhibition (25 μm blebbistatin) of NM II attenuates the internalization of the EGFR and impairs EGFR-dependent activation of ERK and AKT. Both internalization of the EGFR and downstream signaling to ERK and AKT can be partially restored in siRNA-treated cells by introduction of wild type (WT) GFP-NM II, but cannot be restored by motor mutant NM II. Taken together, these results suggest that NM II plays a role in the internalization of the EGFR and EGFR-mediated signaling pathways. PMID:22718763

Immunolocalization of tripeptidyl peptidase II, a cholecystokinin-inactivating enzyme, in rat brain.

PubMed

Facchinetti, P; Rose, C; Rostaing, P; Triller, A; Schwartz, J C

1999-01-01

Tripeptidyl peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.10) is a serine peptidase apparently involved in the inactivation of cholecystokinin octapeptide [Rose C. et al. (1996) Nature 380, 403-409]. We have compared its distribution with that of cholecystokinin in rat brain, using a polyclonal antibody raised against a highly purified preparation for immunohistochemistry at the photon and electron microscope levels. Tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity was mostly detected in neurons, and also in ependymal cells and choroid plexuses, localizations consistent with a possible participation of the peptidase in the inactivation of cholecystokinin circulating in the cerebrospinal fluid. Immunoreactivity was mostly detected in cell bodies, large processes and, to a lesser extent, axons of various neuronal populations. Their localization, relative to that of cholecystokinin terminals, appears to define three distinct situations. The first corresponds to neurons with high immunoreactivity in areas containing cholecystokinin terminals, as in the cerebral cortex or hippocampal formation, where pyramidal cell bodies and processes surrounded by cholecystokinin axons were immunoreactive. A similar situation was encountered in many other areas, namely along the pathways through which cholecystokinin controls satiety, i.e. in sensory vagal neurons, the nucleus tractus solitarius and hypothalamic nuclei. The second situation corresponds to cholecystokinin neuronal populations containing tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity, as in neurons of the supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei, axons in the median eminence or nigral neurons. In both situations, localization of tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity is consistent with a role in cholecystokinin inactivation. The third situation corresponds to areas with mismatches, such as the cerebellum, a region devoid of cholecystokinin, but in which Purkinje cells displayed high tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity, possibly related to a role in the inactivation of neuropeptides other than cholecystokinin. Also, some areas with cholecystokinin terminals, e.g., the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex, were devoid of tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity, suggesting that processes other than cleavage by tripeptidyl peptidase II may be involved in cholecystokinin inactivation. Tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity was also detected at the ultrastructural level in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus using either immunoperoxidase or silver-enhanced immunogold detection. It was mainly associated with the cytoplasm of neuronal somata and dendrites, often in the vicinity of reticulum cisternae, Golgi apparatus or vesicles, and with the inner side of the dendritic plasma membrane. Hence, whereas a fraction of tripeptidyl peptidase II-like immunoreactivity localization at the cellular level is consistent with its alleged function in cholecystokinin octapeptide inactivation, its association with the outside plasma membrane of neurons remains to be confirmed.

76 FR 69653 - Abamectin (avermectin); Pesticide Tolerances

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-09

... are available in Pesticide Analytical Manual II (PAM II) for citrus and processed fractions (Method I... (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0619. All documents in the docket are listed in the docket index available... available, e.g., Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted...

Polymer Light-Emitting Diode (PLED) Process Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-12-01

conclusions and recommendations for Phase II of the Flexible Display Program. 15. SUBJECT TERMS LIGHT EMITTING DIODES LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY SYSTEMS...space for Phase I and II confined by backplane complexity and substrate form...12 Figure 6. Semi automated I-V curve measurement setup consisting of Keithley power supply, computer and

Meal-specific dietary changes from Squires Quest! II: A serious video game intervention

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

"Squire's Quest! II: Saving the Kingdom of Fivealot", an online video-game, promotes fruit-vegetable (FV) consumption. An evaluation study varied type of implementation intentions used during the goal setting process (none; Action, Coping, or both Action + Coping plans). Participants who created Ac...

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AND ECONOMICAL PROCESS FOR PLUGGING ABANDONED WELLS (PHASE II)

EPA Science Inventory

The phase II of this project was successfully completed with field tests being presently underway. It was found from the laboratory study that the fly ash slurry had sufficient thickening time and could be pumped successfully through coiled and straight tubing. Pumping through...

Annual Report to Congress, fiscal Year 2003

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

Thrust Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 II-1. Fate and Transport Processes Involved in Phytoremediation ... Phytoremediation . II. SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS Introduction SERDP continues to be a leader in the field of environmental research and development by...groundwater to ensure compliance with established cleanup standards. Phytoremediation is gaining interest as a cost- effective and versatile

Modeling and optimization by particle swarm embedded neural network for adsorption of zinc (II) by palm kernel shell based activated carbon from aqueous environment.

PubMed

Karri, Rama Rao; Sahu, J N

2018-01-15

Zn (II) is one the common pollutant among heavy metals found in industrial effluents. Removal of pollutant from industrial effluents can be accomplished by various techniques, out of which adsorption was found to be an efficient method. Applications of adsorption limits itself due to high cost of adsorbent. In this regard, a low cost adsorbent produced from palm oil kernel shell based agricultural waste is examined for its efficiency to remove Zn (II) from waste water and aqueous solution. The influence of independent process variables like initial concentration, pH, residence time, activated carbon (AC) dosage and process temperature on the removal of Zn (II) by palm kernel shell based AC from batch adsorption process are studied systematically. Based on the design of experimental matrix, 50 experimental runs are performed with each process variable in the experimental range. The optimal values of process variables to achieve maximum removal efficiency is studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. A quadratic model, which consists of first order and second order degree regressive model is developed using the analysis of variance and RSM - CCD framework. The particle swarm optimization which is a meta-heuristic optimization is embedded on the ANN architecture to optimize the search space of neural network. The optimized trained neural network well depicts the testing data and validation data with R 2 equal to 0.9106 and 0.9279 respectively. The outcomes indicates that the superiority of ANN-PSO based model predictions over the quadratic model predictions provided by RSM. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics in aqueous solutions.

PubMed

Bobu, Maria; Yediler, Ayfer; Siminiceanu, Ilie; Zhang, Feifang; Schulte-Hostede, Sigurd

2013-01-01

In this study a comparative assessment using various advanced oxidation processes (UV/H(2)O(2), UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(II), O(3), O(3)/UV, O(3)/UV/H(2)O(2) and O(3)/UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(II)) was attempted to degrade efficiently two fluoroquinolone drugs ENR [enrofloxacin (1-Cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolonecarboxylic acid)] and CIP [ciprofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid)] in aqueous solutions at a concentrations of 0.15 mM for each drug. The efficiency of the applied oxidation processes (AOPs) has been estimated by the conversion of the original substrate (X(ENR) and X(CIP)) and the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC). Special emphasis was laid on the effect of varying reaction pH as well as of the applied oxidant doses on the observed reaction kinetics for each advanced oxidation processes. High degradation efficiencies, particularly in terms of rates of TOC and COD abatement, were obtained for photo-Fenton assisted ozonation [O(3)/UV/H(2)O(2)/Fe(II)], compared to other advanced oxidation processes. At pH 3 and 25°C best results for the degradation of both investigated drugs were achieved when 10 mM H(2)O(2), 0.5 mM Fe(II) and an initial dose of 8.5 mg L(-1) ozone were applied. In addition, the evolution of toxicity of the reaction mixtures for different AOPs has been studied by the bioluminescence test (LUMIStox 300).

Heterobimetallic Complexes with MIII-(μ-OH)-MII Cores (MIII = Fe, Mn, Ga; MII = Ca, Sr, and Ba): Structural, Kinetic, and Redox Properties.

PubMed

Park, Young Jun; Cook, Sarah A; Sickerman, Nathaniel S; Sano, Yohei; Ziller, Joseph W; Borovik, A S

2013-02-01

The effects of redox-inactive metal ions on dioxygen activation were explored using a new Fe II complex containing a tripodal ligand with 3 sulfonamido groups. This iron complex exhibited a faster initial rate for the reduction of O 2 than its Mn II analog. Increases in initial rates were also observed in the presence of group 2 metal ions for both the Fe II and Mn II complexes, which followed the trend NMe 4 + < Ba II < Ca II = Sr II . These studies led to the isolation of heterobimetallic complexes containing Fe III -( μ -OH)-M II cores (M II = Ca, Sr, and Ba) and one with a [Sr II (OH)Mn III ] + motif. The analogous [Ca II (OH)Ga III ] + complex was also prepared and its solid state molecular structure is nearly identical to that of the [Ca II (OH)Fe III ] + system. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that the diamagnetic [Ca II (OH)Ga III ] + complex retained its structure in solution. Electrochemical measurements on the heterobimetallic systems revealed similar one-electron reduction potentials for the [Ca II (OH)Fe III ] + and [Sr II (OH)Fe III ] + complexes, which were more positive than the potential observed for [Ba II (OH)Fe III ] + . Similar results were obtained for the heterobimetallic Mn II complexes. These findings suggest that Lewis acidity is not the only factor to consider when evaluating the effects of group 2 ions on redox processes, including those within the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II.

Research on solvent-refined coal. Quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1981-June 30, 1981

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1981-10-01

This report describes progress on the Research on Solvent Refined Coal project by The Pittsburg and Midway Coal Mining Co.'s Merriam Laboratory during the second quarter of 1981. Alexander Mine coal was evaluated as a feedstock for major liquefaction facilities and had a yield structure similar to other reactive Pittsburgh seam coals at standard SRC II conditions. Two lots of coal from the Ireland Mine (Pittsburgh seam) were found to be of nearly the same composition and produced essentially the same yields. Two experiments in which coal-derived nonvolatile organic matter was processed without fresh coal feed indicate constant rates ofmore » conversion of SRC to oil and gas. Insoluble organic matter (IOM) remained unconverted. The naphtha and middle distillate products from the deep conversion contained less sulfur but more nitrogen than those from conventional SRC II processing. Encouraging results were obtained when a very small amount of iron oxide dispersed on alumina was added to Kaiparowits coal which cannot be processed at normal SRC II conditions without added catalyst. Subbituminous coals from the McKinley and Edna Mines were processed successfully with added pyrite but would not run when the added catalyst was removed.« less

Flavonoid content in ethanolic extracts of selected raw and traditionally processed indigenous foods consumed by vulnerable groups of Kenya: antioxidant and type II diabetes-related functional properties.

PubMed

Kunyanga, Catherine N; Imungi, Jasper K; Okoth, Michael W; Biesalski, Hans K; Vadivel, Vellingiri

2011-08-01

The present study evaluated the flavonoid content, antioxidant as well as type II diabetes-related enzyme inhibition activities of ethanolic extract of certain raw and traditionally processed indigenous food ingredients including cereals, legumes, oil seeds, tubers, vegetables and leafy vegetables, which are commonly consumed by vulnerable groups in Kenya. The vegetables exhibited higher flavonoid content (50-703 mg/100 g) when compared with the grains (47-343 mg/100 g). The ethanolic extract of presently studied food ingredients revealed 33-93% DPPH radical scavenging capacity, 486-6,389 mmol Fe(II)/g reducing power, 19-43% α-amylase inhibition activity and 14-68% α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Among the different food-stuffs, the drumstick and amaranth leaves exhibited significantly higher flavonoid content with excellent functional properties. Roasting of grains and cooking of vegetables were found to be suitable processing methods in preserving the functional properties. Hence, such viable processing techniques for respective food samples will be considered in the formulation of functional supplementary foods for vulnerable groups in Kenya.

77 FR 27417 - Sunshine Act Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... Agenda II. Approval of the March 9, 2012 Meeting Minutes III. Program Planning Update and discussion of projects: Strategic Planning Process Discussion on 2013 Statutory Report Selection Process IV. Management...

Multireversible redox processes in pentanuclear bis(triple-helical) manganese complexes featuring an oxo-centered triangular {Mn(II)2Mn(III)(μ3-O)}5+ or {Mn(II)Mn(III)2(μ3-O)}6+ core wrapped by two {Mn(II)2(bpp)3}-.

PubMed

Romain, Sophie; Rich, Jordi; Sens, Cristina; Stoll, Thibaut; Benet-Buchholz, Jordi; Llobet, Antoni; Rodriguez, Montserrat; Romero, Isabel; Clérac, Rodolphe; Mathonière, Corine; Duboc, Carole; Deronzier, Alain; Collomb, Marie-Noëlle

2011-09-05

A new pentanuclear bis(triple-helical) manganese complex has been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction in two oxidation states: [{Mn(II)(μ-bpp)(3)}(2)Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(μ-O)](3+) (1(3+)) and [{Mn(II)(μ-bpp)(3)}(2)Mn(II)Mn(III)(2)(μ-O)](4+) (1(4+)). The structure consists of a central {Mn(3)(μ(3)-O)} core of Mn(II)(2)Mn(III) (1(3+)) or Mn(II)Mn(III)(2) ions (1(4+)) which is connected to two apical Mn(II) ions through six bpp(-) ligands. Both cations have a triple-stranded helicate configuration, and a pair of enantiomers is present in each crystal. The redox properties of 1(3+) have been investigated in CH(3)CN. A series of five distinct and reversible one-electron waves is observed in the -1.0 and +1.50 V potential range, assigned to the Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)/Mn(II)(5), Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(2)/Mn(II)(4)Mn(III), Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(3)/Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(2), Mn(II)Mn(III)(4)/Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(3), and Mn(III)(5)/Mn(II)Mn(III)(4) redox couples. The two first oxidation processes leading to Mn(II)(3)Mn(III)(2) (1(4+)) and Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(3) (1(5+)) are related to the oxidation of the Mn(II) ions of the central core and the two higher oxidation waves, close in potential, are thus assigned to the oxidation of the two apical Mn(II) ions. The 1(4+) and 1(5+) oxidized species and the reduced Mn(4)(II) (1(2+)) species are quantitatively generated by bulk electrolyses demonstrating the high stability of the pentanuclear structure in four oxidation states (1(2+) to 1(5+)). The spectroscopic characteristics (X-band electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR, and UV-visible) of these species are also described as well as the magnetic properties of 1(3+) and 1(4+) in solid state. The powder X- and Q-band EPR signature of 1(3+) corresponds to an S = 5/2 spin state characterized by a small zero-field splitting parameter (|D| = 0.071 cm(-1)) attributed to the two apical Mn(II) ions. At 40 K, the magnetic behavior is consistent for 1(3+) with two apical S = 5/2 {Mn(II)(bpp)(3)}(-) and one S = 2 noninteracting spins (11.75 cm(3) K mol(-1)), and for 1(4+) with three S = 5/2 noninteracting spins (13.125 cm(3) K mol(-1)) suggesting that the {Mn(II)(2)Mn(III)(μ(3)-O)}(5+) and {Mn(II)Mn(III)(2)(μ(3)-O)}(6+) cores behave at low temperature like S = 2 and S = 5/2 spin centers, respectively. The thermal behavior below 40 K highlights the presence of intracomplex magnetic interactions between the two apical spins and the central core, which is antiferromagnetic for 1(3+) leading to an S(T) = 3 and ferromagnetic for 1(4+) giving thus an S(T) = 15/2 ground state.

Ceramic transactions - Materials processing and design: Grain-boundary-controlled properties of fine ceramics II. Volume 44

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Niihara, Koichi; Ishizaki, Kozo; Isotani, Mitsuo

This volume contains selected papers presented at a workshop by the Japan Fine Ceramics Center, `Materials Processing and Design Through Better Control of Grain Boundaries: Emphasizing Fine Ceramics II,` which was held March 17-19, 1994, in Koda-cho, Aichi, Japan. The focus of the workshop was the application of grain boundary phenomena to materials processing and design. The topics covered included electronic materials, evaluation methods, structural materials, and interfaces. Also included is an illuminating overview of the current status of work on grain boundary assisted materials processing and design, particularly for fine ceramics. The volume`s chapter titles are: Electron Microscopy, Evaluation,more » Grain Boundary Control and Design, Functional Ceramics, Composite Materials, Synthesis and Sintering, and Mechanical Properties.« less

Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis loaded on biochars derived from different stock materials.

PubMed

Wang, Ting; Sun, Hongwen; Ren, Xinhao; Li, Bing; Mao, Hongjun

2018-02-01

Two kinds of biochars, one derived from corn straw (CBC) and one from pig manure (PBC), were used as the carriers of a bacterium (B38) to adsorb heavy metals in solution. CBC exhibited high affinity to Hg(II), while PBC showed large adsorption capacity of Pb(II). After loading with B38, the sorption capacity of the co-sorbents were enhanced for Pb(II), but weakened for Hg(II). In a binary system, the overall adsorption capacity to Hg-Pb (CBC+B38, 136.7mg/g; PBC+B38, 181.3mg/g) on co-sorbents was equal to the sum of the single-component values for Hg(II) and Pb(II). Electrostatic interactions and precipitation are the major mechanisms in the adsorption of Hg(II). In contrast, cation-π interactions and precipitation were involved in the sorption process of Pb(II). Moreover, the sorption sites of Hg(II) and Pb(II) partially overlapped on the biochar surface, but were different on co-sorbents. Hence, the co-sorbents have an advantage over the biochar alone in the removal of heavy metal mixtures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production by nitric oxide synthase in thick ascending limbs.

PubMed

Gonzalez-Vicente, Agustin; Saikumar, Jagannath H; Massey, Katherine J; Hong, Nancy J; Dominici, Fernando P; Carretero, Oscar A; Garvin, Jeffrey L

2016-02-01

Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Ang II stimulates both NO and O2 (-) production in thick ascending limbs. We hypothesized that Ang II causes O2 (-) production by NOS in thick ascending limbs via a PKC-dependent mechanism. NO production was measured in isolated rat thick ascending limbs using DAF-FM, whereas O2 (-) was measured in thick ascending limb suspensions using the lucigenin assay. Consistent stimulation of NO was observed with 1 nmol/L Ang II (P < 0.001; n = 9). This concentration of Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) production by 50% (1.77 ± 0.26 vs. 2.62 ± 0.36 relative lights units (RLU)/s/μg protein; P < 0.04; n = 5). In the presence of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) decreased from 2.02 ± 0.29 to 1.10 ± 0.11 RLU/s/μg protein (P < 0.01; n = 8). L-arginine alone did not change Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) (2.34 ± 0.22 vs. 2.29 ± 0.29 RLU/s/μg protein; n = 5). In the presence of Ang II plus the PKC α/β1 inhibitor Gö 6976, L-NAME had no effect on O2 (-) production (0.78 ± 0.23 vs. 0.62 ± 0.11 RLU/s/μg protein; n = 7). In the presence of Ang II plus apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, L-NAME did not change O2 (-) (0.59 ± 0.04 vs. 0.61 ± ×0.08 RLU/s/μg protein; n = 5). We conclude that: (1) Ang II causes NOS to produce O2 (-) in thick ascending limbs via a PKC- and NADPH oxidase-dependent process; and (2) the effect of Ang II is not due to limited substrate. © 2016 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

Automotive Manufacturing Processes. Volume II - Manufacturing Processes for Passive Restraint Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-02-01

Extensive material substitution and resizing of the domestic automotive fleet, as well as the introduction of new technologies, will require major changes in the techniques and equipment used in the various manufacturing processes employed in the pro...

48 CFR 970.1504-1-9 - Special considerations: Cost-plus-award-fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....e., nuclear energy processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (iii) Construction of facilities... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical or petroleum processing, industrial environmental... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (ii...

48 CFR 970.1504-1-9 - Special considerations: Cost-plus-award-fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....e., nuclear energy processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (iii) Construction of facilities... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical or petroleum processing, industrial environmental... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (ii...

48 CFR 970.1504-1-9 - Special considerations: Cost-plus-award-fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....e., nuclear energy processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (iii) Construction of facilities... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical or petroleum processing, industrial environmental... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (ii...

48 CFR 970.1504-1-9 - Special considerations: Cost-plus-award-fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....e., nuclear energy processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (iii) Construction of facilities... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical or petroleum processing, industrial environmental... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (ii...

48 CFR 970.1504-1-9 - Special considerations: Cost-plus-award-fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....e., nuclear energy processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (iii) Construction of facilities... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical or petroleum processing, industrial environmental... industrial/DOE settings (i.e., nuclear energy, chemical processing, industrial environmental cleanup); (ii...

Formic Acid: Development of an Analytical Method and Use as Process Indicator in Anaerobic Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

distilled to remove compounds such as cinnamic , glycolic and levulinic acids which can be oxidized to formic acid by ceric sulfate, thus interfering...I AD-A250 668 D0 ,I I I 111 Wl’i ill EDT|CS ELECTE MAY 27 1992 I C I FORMIC ACID : DEVELCPMENT OF AN ANALYTICAL METHOD AND USE AS A PROCESS INDICATOR...OF TECHNOLOGY A UNIT OF THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30332 iIi ii FORMIC ACID : DEVELOPMENT OF AN

7th Annual CMMI Technology Conference and User Group - Investigation, Measures and Lessons Learned about the Relationship between CMMI Process Capability and Project or Program Performance. Volume 2. Wednesday Presentations

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-15

Intelligence and Information Systems (IIS) Enterprise CMMI® ML3 SCAMPI(SM) SE/SW/IPPD/SS #5382 Raymond L. Kile , SEI Authorized Lead Appraiser Kathryn...Kirby, Raytheon IIS Process Assessments IPT Lead Picking a Representative Sample For CMMI® Enterprise Appraisals Page 2 Introductions Ray Kile has thirty...University of Missouri. Raymond L. Kile Chief Engineer Center for Systems Management 1951 Kidwell Drive, Suite 750 Vienna, VA 22182 303-601-8978 rkile@csm.com

Precursors of Androctonus australis Scorpion Neurotoxins. Structures of Precursors, Processing Outcomes, and Expression of a Functional Recombinant Toxin II

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-24

29. Proudfoot, N. J., and Brownlee, G. G. (1976) NatUlgL263, 211-214 30. Detima, M. E ., Martin, M. F., Diniz , C. R., and Rochat, H. (1986) Biochem...Neurotoxins 7 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Drs. Pierre E . Bougis, Herve Rochat and Leonard A. Smith 13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 114. DATE OF REPORT...PRECURSORS, PROCESSING OUTCOMES, AND EXPRESSION OF A FUNCTIONAL RECOMBINANT TOXIN II Pierre E . Bougis, Herve Rochat1 and Leonard A. Smith from the

Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of phosphate onto iron-doped activated carbon.

PubMed

Wang, Zhengfang; Nie, Er; Li, Jihua; Yang, Mo; Zhao, Yongjun; Luo, Xingzhang; Zheng, Zheng

2011-08-01

Two series of activated carbons modified by Fe (II) and Fe (III) (denoted as AC/N-Fe(II) and AC/N-Fe(III)), respectively, were used as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate in aqueous solutions. The synthesized adsorbent materials were investigated by different experimental analysis means. The adsorption of phosphate on activated carbons has been studied in kinetic and equilibrium conditions taking into account the adsorbate concentration, temperature, and solution pH as major influential factors. Maximum removals of phosphate are obtained in the pH range of 3.78-6.84 for both adsorbents. Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation well describes the experimental adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. Results suggest that the main phase formed in AC/N-Fe(II) and AC/N-Fe(III) is goethite and akaganeite, respectively; the presence of iron oxides significantly affected the surface area and the pore structure of the activated carbon. Studies revealed that iron-doped activated carbons were effective in removing phosphate. AC/N-Fe(II) has a higher phosphate removal capacity than AC/N-Fe(III), which could be attributed to its better intra-particle diffusion and higher binding energy. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 22.23 and 10.89 kJ mol(-1) for AC/N-Fe(II) and AC/N-Fe(III), respectively. The adsorption process was complex; both surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism.

Crystal chemistry of M{sup II}M′{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} double monophosphates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bregiroux, Damien, E-mail: damien.bregiroux@upmc.fr; Popa, Karin; Wallez, Gilles

2015-10-15

M{sup II}M′{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} compounds have been extensively studied for several decades for their potential applications in the field of several domains such as matrices for actinides conditioning, phosphors etc. In this paper, the relationships between composition and crystal structure of these compounds are established. A review of the various processes used for the synthesis of these compounds is also proposed, as well as their most reported properties. M{sup II}M′{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} structures stem from two different archetypes: the cheralite and the yavapaiite structures, with some exceptions that are also described in this article. The ratio of themore » cations radii appears to be the most relevant parameter. The high ratio between the ionic radii of the divalent and tetravalent cations in yavapaiite derivates results in the ordering of these cations into well-differentiated polyhedra whereas cheralite is the only non-ordered structure encountered for M{sup II}M′{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} compounds. - Graphical abstract: In this paper, the relationships between composition and crystal structure of M{sup II}M′{sup IV}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2} compounds are established. A review of the various processes used for the synthesis of these compounds is also proposed, as well as their most reported properties. - Highlights: • Crystal structure–composition relationships of MIIM′IV(PO4)2 compounds. • Review of the various processes used for the synthesis of these compounds. • Their most reported properties are described and discussed.« less

Comparative pathogenicity in Swiss mice of Trypanosoma cruzi IV from northern Brazil and Trypanosoma cruzi II from southern Brazil.

PubMed

Meza, Sheila Karina Lüders; Kaneshima, Edilson Nobuyoshi; Silva, Sueli de Oliveira; Gabriel, Maristela; de Araújo, Silvana Marques; Gomes, Mônica Lúcia; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo; Barbosa, Maria das Graças Vale; Toledo, Max Jean de Ornelas

2014-11-01

The geographical heterogeneity of Chagas disease (ChD) is mainly caused by genetic variability of the etiological agent Trypanosoma cruzi. Our hypothesis was that the pathogenicity for mice may vary with the genetic lineage (or Discrete Typing Unit - DTU) of the parasite. To test this hypothesis, parasitological and histopathological evaluations were performed in mice inoculated with strains belonging to the DTU T. cruzi IV (TcIV) from the State of Amazonas (northern Brazil), or the DTU T. cruzi II (TcII) from the State of Paraná (southern Brazil). Groups of 10 Swiss mice were inoculated with eight strains of TcIV obtained from acute cases (7) from two outbreaks of orally acquired ChD, and from the triatomine Rhodnius robustus (1) from Amazonas; and three strains of TcII obtained from chronic patients in Paraná. We evaluated the pre-patent period, patent period, maximum peak of parasitemia, day of maximum peak of parasitemia, area under the parasitemia curve, inflammatory process, and tissue parasitism in the acute phase. TcIV was less virulent than TcII, and showed significantly (p < 0.005) lower parasitemia levels. Although the levels of tissue parasitism did not differ statistically, mice infected with TcIV displayed significantly (p < 0.001) fewer inflammatory processes than mice infected with TcII. This supported the working hypothesis, since TcIV from Amazonas was less pathogenic than TcII from Paraná; and agreed with the lower severity of human cases of ChD in the Amazon region. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Kinetic and isotherm modeling of Cd (II) adsorption by L-cysteine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent.

PubMed

Taghavi, Mahmoud; Zazouli, Mohammad Ali; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Akbari-adergani, Behrouz

2015-11-01

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by L-cysteine to show the kinetic and isotherm modeling of Cd (II) ions onto L-cysteine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The adsorption behavior of Cd (II) ion was studied by varying parameters including dose of L-MWCNTs, contact time, and cadmium concentration. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also investigated based on Cd (II) adsorption tests. The results showed that an increase in contact time and adsorbent dosage resulted in increase of the adsorption rate. The optimum condition of the Cd (II) removal process was found at pH=7.0, 15 mg/L L-MWCNTs dosage, 6 mg/L cadmium concentration, and contact time of 60 min. The removal percent was equal to 89.56 at optimum condition. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to analyze the experimental data. The data showed well fitting with the Langmuir model (R2=0.994) with q max of 43.47 mg/g. Analyzing the kinetic data by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations revealed that the adsorption of cadmium using L-MWSNTs following the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with correlation coefficients (R2) equals to 0.998, 0.992, and 0.998 for 3, 6, and 9 mg/L Cd (II) concentrations, respectively. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-second-order. Overall, treatment of polluted solution to Cd (II) by adsorption process using L-MWCNT can be considered as an effective technology.

Porewater inputs drive Fe redox cycling in the water column of a temperate mangrove wetland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holloway, Ceylena J.; Santos, Isaac R.; Rose, Andrew L.

2018-07-01

Iron is a vital micronutrient within coastal marine ecosystems, playing an integral role in the scale and dynamics of primary production and carbon cycling in the world's oceans. We investigated the relative importance of in situ Fe(II) production from photochemical, microbial and thermal Fe reduction in the surface water column as well as advective porewater inputs in a temperate saline wetland in Australia containing mangrove and saltmarsh vegetation. The diel average concentration of Fe(II) (0.63 ± 0.21 μM, accounting for >70% of the total dissolved Fe present in surface water) was much higher than commonly reported in oxygenated marine waters despite high dissolved oxygen concentrations (81-112% saturation), pH (7.7-7.8) and salinity (33-36) that favor Fe oxidation. In situ production of Fe(II) in the surface water column was primarily driven by microbial processes rather than photochemical and thermal reduction, with a maximum production rate of 4.9 × 10-3 nM s-1. Advective porewater Fe(II) inputs to the wetland averaged over a diel cycle (3.0 × 10-1 nM s-1) were an order of magnitude greater than the combined Fe(II) production rate from autochthonous water column processes (1.0 × 10-2 nM s-1). A bottom up model based on the estimated individual fluxes was used to explain the high Fe(II) concentrations measured during a 24 h time series experiment. Combined, different lines of evidence suggest that advective porewater exchange provides significant quantities of Fe(II) to the estuarine wetland.

Ferrous iron/peroxymonosulfate oxidation as a pretreatment for ceramic ultrafiltration membrane: Control of natural organic matter fouling and degradation of atrazine.

PubMed

Cheng, Xiaoxiang; Liang, Heng; Ding, An; Tang, Xiaobin; Liu, Bin; Zhu, Xuewu; Gan, Zhendong; Wu, Daoji; Li, Guibai

2017-04-15

Ferrous iron/peroxymonosulfate (Fe(II)/PMS) oxidation was employed as a pretreatment method for ultrafiltration process to control membrane fouling caused by natural organic matter, including humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and their mixture (HA-SA-BSA). To evaluate the mechanism of fouling mitigation, the effects of Fe(II)/PMS pretreatment on the characteristics of feed water were examined. The degradation of atrazine (ATZ) was also investigated and the species of generated radicals were preliminarily determined. Under the test exposure (15 and 50 μM), Fe(II)/PMS pretreatment effectively mitigated membrane fouling caused by HA, SA and HA-SA-BSA mixture, and the performance improved with the increase of Fe(II) or PMS dose; whereas aggravated BSA fouling at lower doses and fouling alleviation was observed only at a higher dose (50/50 μΜ). The fouling mitigation was mainly attributed to the effective reduction of organic loadings by coagulation with in-situ formed Fe(III). Its performance was comparable or even slightly higher than single coagulation with Fe(III), most likely due to the oxidation by Fe(II)/PMS process. Fe(II)/PMS oxidation showed better performance in reducing DOC and UV 254 , fluorescence intensities of fluorescent components and UV-absorbing compounds than single coagulation. In addition, Fe(II)/PMS pretreatment was efficient in ATZ degradation due to the generation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals, whereas coagulation was ineffective to remove it. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

20 CFR 404.1642 - Processing time standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., whichever is earlier. (b) Target levels. The processing time target levels are: (1) 37 days for title II initial claims. (2) 43 days for title XVI initial claims. (c) Threshold levels. The processing time... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Processing time standards. 404.1642 Section...

20 CFR 416.1042 - Processing time standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., whichever is earlier. (b) Target levels. The processing time target levels are: (1) 37 days for title II initial claims. (2) 43 days for title XVI initial claims. (c) Threshold levels. The processing time... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Processing time standards. 416.1042 Section...

Effects of Lead and Mercury on Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Activity in a Biological Process for Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Liang; Lin, Xiaojuan; Wang, Jinting; Jiang, Feng; Wei, Li; Chen, Guanghao; Hao, Xiaodi

2016-07-01

Biological sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) may be effective in removing toxic lead and mercury ions (Pb(II) and Hg(II)) from wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater through anaerobic sulfite reduction. To confirm this hypothesis, a sulfite-reducing up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was set up to treat FGD wastewater at metal loading rates of 9.2 g/m3-d Pb(II) and 2.6 g/m3-d Hg(II) for 50 days. The reactor removed 72.5 ± 7% of sulfite and greater than 99.5% of both Hg(II) and Pb(II). Most of the removed lead and mercury were deposited in the sludge as HgS and PbS. The contribution of cell adsorption and organic binding to Pb(II) and Hg(II) removal was 20.0 ± 0.1% and 1.8 ± 1.0%, respectively. The different bioavailable concentration levels of lead and mercury resulted in different levels of lethal toxicity. Cell viability analysis revealed that Hg(II) was less toxic than Pb(II) to the sludge microorganisms. In the batch tests, increasing the Hg(II) feeding concentration increased sulfite reduction rates. In conclusion, a sulfite-reducing reactor can efficiently remove sulfite, Pb(II) and Hg(II) from FGD wastewater.

Sequestration and Distribution Characteristics of Cd(II) by Microcystis aeruginosa and Its Role in Colony Formation.

PubMed

Bi, Xiangdong; Yan, Ran; Li, Fenxiang; Dai, Wei; Jiao, Kewei; Zhou, Qixing; Liu, Qi

2016-01-01

To investigate the sequestration and distribution characteristics of Cd(II) by Microcystis aeruginosa and its role in Microcystis colony formation, M. aeruginosa was exposed to six different Cd(II) concentrations for 10 days. Cd(II) exposure caused hormesis in the growth of M. aeruginosa . Low concentrations of Cd(II) significantly induced formation of small Microcystis colonies ( P < 0.05) and increased the intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) and bound extracellular polysaccharide (bEPS) contents of M. aeruginosa significantly ( P < 0.05). There was a linear relationship between the amount of Cd(II) sequestrated by algal cells and the amount added to cultures in the rapid adsorption process that occurred during the first 5 min of exposure. After 10 d, M. aeruginosa sequestrated nearly 80% of 0.2 mg L -1 added Cd(II), while >93% of Cd(II) was sequestrated in the groups with lower added concentrations of Cd(II). More than 80% of the sequestrated Cd(II) was bioadsorbed by bEPS. The Pearson correlation coefficients of exterior and interior factors related to colony formation of M. aeruginosa revealed that Cd(II) could stimulate the production of IPS and bEPS via increasing Cd(II) bioaccumulation and bioadsorption. Increased levels of cross-linking between Cd(II) and bEPS stimulated algal cell aggregation, which eventually promoted the formation of Microcystis colonies.

Sequestration and Distribution Characteristics of Cd(II) by Microcystis aeruginosa and Its Role in Colony Formation

PubMed Central

Bi, Xiangdong; Yan, Ran; Li, Fenxiang; Dai, Wei; Jiao, Kewei; Liu, Qi

2016-01-01

To investigate the sequestration and distribution characteristics of Cd(II) by Microcystis aeruginosa and its role in Microcystis colony formation, M. aeruginosa was exposed to six different Cd(II) concentrations for 10 days. Cd(II) exposure caused hormesis in the growth of M. aeruginosa. Low concentrations of Cd(II) significantly induced formation of small Microcystis colonies (P < 0.05) and increased the intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) and bound extracellular polysaccharide (bEPS) contents of M. aeruginosa significantly (P < 0.05). There was a linear relationship between the amount of Cd(II) sequestrated by algal cells and the amount added to cultures in the rapid adsorption process that occurred during the first 5 min of exposure. After 10 d, M. aeruginosa sequestrated nearly 80% of 0.2 mg L−1 added Cd(II), while >93% of Cd(II) was sequestrated in the groups with lower added concentrations of Cd(II). More than 80% of the sequestrated Cd(II) was bioadsorbed by bEPS. The Pearson correlation coefficients of exterior and interior factors related to colony formation of M. aeruginosa revealed that Cd(II) could stimulate the production of IPS and bEPS via increasing Cd(II) bioaccumulation and bioadsorption. Increased levels of cross-linking between Cd(II) and bEPS stimulated algal cell aggregation, which eventually promoted the formation of Microcystis colonies. PMID:27777956

Effects of Lead and Mercury on Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Activity in a Biological Process for Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment

PubMed Central

Zhang, Liang; Lin, Xiaojuan; Wang, Jinting; Jiang, Feng; Wei, Li; Chen, Guanghao; Hao, Xiaodi

2016-01-01

Biological sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) may be effective in removing toxic lead and mercury ions (Pb(II) and Hg(II)) from wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater through anaerobic sulfite reduction. To confirm this hypothesis, a sulfite-reducing up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was set up to treat FGD wastewater at metal loading rates of 9.2 g/m3-d Pb(II) and 2.6 g/m3-d Hg(II) for 50 days. The reactor removed 72.5 ± 7% of sulfite and greater than 99.5% of both Hg(II) and Pb(II). Most of the removed lead and mercury were deposited in the sludge as HgS and PbS. The contribution of cell adsorption and organic binding to Pb(II) and Hg(II) removal was 20.0 ± 0.1% and 1.8 ± 1.0%, respectively. The different bioavailable concentration levels of lead and mercury resulted in different levels of lethal toxicity. Cell viability analysis revealed that Hg(II) was less toxic than Pb(II) to the sludge microorganisms. In the batch tests, increasing the Hg(II) feeding concentration increased sulfite reduction rates. In conclusion, a sulfite-reducing reactor can efficiently remove sulfite, Pb(II) and Hg(II) from FGD wastewater. PMID:27455890

AT-rich sequence elements promote nascent transcript cleavage leading to RNA polymerase II termination

PubMed Central

White, Eleanor; Kamieniarz-Gdula, Kinga; Dye, Michael J.; Proudfoot, Nick J.

2013-01-01

RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) termination is dependent on RNA processing signals as well as specific terminator elements located downstream of the poly(A) site. One of the two major terminator classes described so far is the Co-Transcriptional Cleavage (CoTC) element. We show that homopolymer A/T tracts within the human β-globin CoTC-mediated terminator element play a critical role in Pol II termination. These short A/T tracts, dispersed within seemingly random sequences, are strong terminator elements, and bioinformatics analysis confirms the presence of such sequences in 70% of the putative terminator regions (PTRs) genome-wide. PMID:23258704

Nucleosomal Barrier to Transcription: Structural Determinants and Changes in Chromatin Structure

PubMed Central

Studitsky, Vasily M.; Nizovtseva, Ekaterina V.; Shaytan, Alexey K.; Luse, Donal S.

2016-01-01

Packaging of DNA into chromatin affects all processes on DNA. Nucleosomes present a strong barrier to transcription, raising important questions about the nature and the mechanisms of overcoming the barrier. Recently it was shown that DNA sequence, DNA–histone interactions and backtracking by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) all contribute to formation of the barrier. After partial uncoiling of nucleosomal DNA from histone octamer by Pol II and backtracking of the enzyme, nucleosomal DNA recoils on the octamer, locking Pol II in the arrested state. Histone chaperones and transcription factors TFIIS, TFIIF and FACT facilitate transcription through chromatin using different molecular mechanisms. PMID:27754494

Study to Modify the Vulnerability Model of the Risk Management System

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

Willar~d W ery’William P./ Azico1l ____________ 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10 . Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Enviro Control, Inc. One Central...I ItIi 1i 1 T ii t 1 1 SIG j- i"j U’ 1Ilm 1111 ~ 1 jI I-.-I• . --•’ • ~ ~ll l itl [ rl / /l t jIe IIst I. !oia iii•’ I II III u ii U •It : p l f Pit i...and their results are fully described and dis- cussed in Chapter 5. ŕ- 10 5. Additional VN Program Hodificatlons In the process of performing the

Status of the LCLS-II Accelerating Cavity Production

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daly, Ed; Marhauser, Frank; Fitzpatrick, Jarrod A.

Cavity serial production for the LCLS-II 4 GeV CM SRF linac has started. A quantity of 266 accelerating cavities has been ordered from two industrial vendors. Jefferson Laboratory leads the cavity procurement activities for the project and has successfully transferred the Nitrogen-Doping process to the industrial partners in the initial phase, which is now being applied for the production cavities. We report on the results from vendor qualification and the status of the cavity production for LCLS-II.

Report on the Installation and Testing of the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS II) for U.S. Navy Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-04-24

Environment (CAVE). The report also details NRL’s work in extending AWIPS II EDEX to ingest and decode a Navy movement report instructions (MOVREP...phase of this work involved obtaining a copy of the AWIPS II client, the Common Access Visualization Environment (CAVE) as well as a copy of the server...assess the development environment of CAVE for supporting a Navy specific application. In consultation with FWC-San Diego we chose to work with

Design and fabrication of MEMS devices using the integration of MUMPs, trench-refilled molding, DRIE and bulk silicon etching processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Mingching; Fang, Weileun

2005-03-01

This work integrates multi-depth DRIE etching, trench-refilled molding, two poly-Si layers MUMPs and bulk releasing to improve the variety and performance of MEMS devices. In summary, the present fabrication process, named MOSBE II, has three merits. First, this process can monolithically fabricate and integrate poly-Si thin-film structures with different thicknesses and stiffnesses, such as the flexible spring and the stiff mirror plate. Second, multi-depth structures, such as vertical comb electrodes, are available from the DRIE processes. Third, a cavity under the micromachined device is provided by the bulk silicon etching process, so that a large out-of-plane motion is allowed. In application, an optical scanner driven by the self-aligned vertical comb actuator was demonstrated. The poly-Si micromachined components fabricated by MOSBE II can further integrate with the MUMPs devices to establish a more powerful MOEMS platform.

Biological removal of NOx from flue gas.

PubMed

Kumaraswamy, R; Muyzer, G; Kuenen, J G; Loosdrecht, M C M

2004-01-01

BioDeNOx is a novel integrated physico-chemical and biological process for the removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gas. Due to the high temperature of flue gas the process is performed at a temperature between 50-55 degrees C. Flue gas containing CO2, O2, SO2 and NOx, is purged through Fe(II)EDTA2- containing liquid. The Fe(II)EDTA2- complex effectively binds the NOx; the bound NOx is converted into N2 in a complex reaction sequence. In this paper an overview of the potential microbial reactions in the BioDeNOx process is discussed. It is evident that though the process looks simple, due to the large number of parallel potential reactions and serial microbial conversions, it is much more complex. There is a need for a detailed investigation in order to properly understand and optimise the process.

Dimensional and material characteristics of direct deposited tool steel by CO II laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, J.

2006-01-01

Laser aided direct metalimaterial deposition (DMD) process builds metallic parts layer-by-layer directly from the CAD representation. In general, the process uses powdered metaUmaterials fed into a melt pool, creating fully dense parts. Success of this technology in the die and tool industry depends on the parts quality to be achieved. To obtain designed geometric dimensions and material properties, delicate control of the parameters such as laser power, spot diameter, traverse speed and powder mass flow rate is critical. In this paper, the dimensional and material characteristics of directed deposited H13 tool steel by CO II laser are investigated for the DMD process with a feedback height control system. The relationships between DMD process variables and the product characteristics are analyzed using statistical techniques. The performance of the DMD process is examined with the material characteristics of hardness, porosity, microstructure, and composition.

Improvement of the performances of a tandem simulated moving bed chromatography by controlling the yield level of a key product of the first simulated moving bed unit.

PubMed

Mun, Sungyong; Wang, Nien-Hwa Linda

2017-03-10

One of the trustworthy processes for ternary separation is a tandem simulated moving bed (SMB) process, which consists of two subordinate four-zone SMB units (Ring I and Ring II). To take full advantage of a tandem SMB as a means of recovering all three products with high purities and high economical efficiency, it is important to understand how the separation condition in Ring II is affected by that in Ring I, and further to reflect such point in the stage of designing a tandem SMB. In regard to such issue, it was clarified in this study that the Ring I factors affecting the Ring II condition could be represented by the yield level of a key product of Ring I (Y key RingI ). As the Y key RingI level became higher, the amount of the Ring I key-product that was reloaded into Ring II was reduced, which affected favorably the Ring II separation condition. On the other hand, the higher Y key RingI level caused a larger dilution for the stream from Ring I to Ring II, which affected adversely the Ring II separation condition. As a result, a minimum in the desorbent usage of a tandem SMB occurred at the Y key RingI level where the two aforementioned factors could be balanced with each other. If such an optimal Y key RingI level was adopted, the desorbent usage could be reduced by up to 25%. It was also found that as the throughput of a tandem SMB became higher, the factor related to the migration of the Ring I key-product into Ring II was more influential in the performances of a tandem SMB than the factor related to the dilution of the stream from Ring I to Ring II. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Historical generations and psychology. The case of the Great Depression and World War II.

PubMed

Rogler, Lloyd H

2002-12-01

The author assembles a theory of historical generations from dispersed sources in the social and behavioral sciences and in the humanities, differentiates the theory from formulations of other generation concepts, and applies it to central features in the lives of persons in the generation of the Great Depression and World War II. The application of the theory to historical materials explains how a commitment to social interdependence emerged as the signature orientation of the generation of the Great Depression and World War II. Challenges to the perspective of contextualism stem from the theory's hypotheses about linkages that mediate between cataclysmic events and psychological processes, the influence of historical generations on many of psychology's everyday concerns, and instructive comparisons with a body of growing research on processes involving adaptations to different cultures.

A Data Handling System for Modern and Future Fermilab Experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Illingworth, R. A.

2014-01-01

Current and future Fermilab experiments such as Minerva, NOνA, and MicroBoone are now using an improved version of the Fermilab SAM data handling system. SAM was originally used by the CDF and D0 experiments for Run II of the Fermilab Tevatron to provide file metadata and location cataloguing, uploading of new files to tape storage, dataset management, file transfers between global processing sites, and processing history tracking. However SAM was heavily tailored to the Run II environment and required complex and hard to deploy client software, which made it hard to adapt to new experiments. The Fermilab Computing Sector hasmore » progressively updated SAM to use modern, standardized, technologies in order to more easily deploy it for current and upcoming Fermilab experiments, and to support the data preservation efforts of the Run II experiments.« less

Characteristics and verification of a car-borne survey system for dose rates in air: KURAMA-II.

PubMed

Tsuda, S; Yoshida, T; Tsutsumi, M; Saito, K

2015-01-01

The car-borne survey system KURAMA-II, developed by the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, has been used for air dose rate mapping after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. KURAMA-II consists of a CsI(Tl) scintillation detector, a GPS device, and a control device for data processing. The dose rates monitored by KURAMA-II are based on the G(E) function (spectrum-dose conversion operator), which can precisely calculate dose rates from measured pulse-height distribution even if the energy spectrum changes significantly. The characteristics of KURAMA-II have been investigated with particular consideration to the reliability of the calculated G(E) function, dose rate dependence, statistical fluctuation, angular dependence, and energy dependence. The results indicate that 100 units of KURAMA-II systems have acceptable quality for mass monitoring of dose rates in the environment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Myosin II dynamics are regulated by tension in intercalating cells.

PubMed

Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo; Simoes, Sérgio de Matos; Röper, Jens-Christian; Eaton, Suzanne; Zallen, Jennifer A

2009-11-01

Axis elongation in Drosophila occurs through polarized cell rearrangements driven by actomyosin contractility. Myosin II promotes neighbor exchange through the contraction of single cell boundaries, while the contraction of myosin II structures spanning multiple pairs of cells leads to rosette formation. Here we show that multicellular actomyosin cables form at a higher frequency than expected by chance, indicating that cable assembly is an active process. Multicellular cables are sites of increased mechanical tension as measured by laser ablation. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments show that myosin II is stabilized at the cortex in regions of increased tension. Myosin II is recruited in response to an ectopic force and relieving tension leads to a rapid loss of myosin, indicating that tension is necessary and sufficient for cortical myosin localization. These results demonstrate that myosin II dynamics are regulated by tension in a positive feedback loop that leads to multicellular actomyosin cable formation and efficient tissue elongation.

A Conserved Nuclear Cyclophilin Is Required for Both RNA Polymerase II Elongation and Co-transcriptional Splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans

PubMed Central

Ahn, Jeong H.; Rechsteiner, Andreas; Strome, Susan; Kelly, William G.

2016-01-01

The elongation phase of transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) involves numerous events that are tightly coordinated, including RNA processing, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling. RNA splicing factors are associated with elongating Pol II, and the interdependent coupling of splicing and elongation has been documented in several systems. Here we identify a conserved, multi-domain cyclophilin family member, SIG-7, as an essential factor for both normal transcription elongation and co-transcriptional splicing. In embryos depleted for SIG-7, RNA levels for over a thousand zygotically expressed genes are substantially reduced, Pol II becomes significantly reduced at the 3’ end of genes, marks of transcription elongation are reduced, and unspliced mRNAs accumulate. Our findings suggest that SIG-7 plays a central role in both Pol II elongation and co-transcriptional splicing and may provide an important link for their coordination and regulation. PMID:27541139

RNA Polymerase II cluster dynamics predict mRNA output in living cells

PubMed Central

Cho, Won-Ki; Jayanth, Namrata; English, Brian P; Inoue, Takuma; Andrews, J Owen; Conway, William; Grimm, Jonathan B; Spille, Jan-Hendrik; Lavis, Luke D; Lionnet, Timothée; Cisse, Ibrahim I

2016-01-01

Protein clustering is a hallmark of genome regulation in mammalian cells. However, the dynamic molecular processes involved make it difficult to correlate clustering with functional consequences in vivo. We developed a live-cell super-resolution approach to uncover the correlation between mRNA synthesis and the dynamics of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) clusters at a gene locus. For endogenous β-actin genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we observe that short-lived (~8 s) Pol II clusters correlate with basal mRNA output. During serum stimulation, a stereotyped increase in Pol II cluster lifetime correlates with a proportionate increase in the number of mRNAs synthesized. Our findings suggest that transient clustering of Pol II may constitute a pre-transcriptional regulatory event that predictably modulates nascent mRNA output. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13617.001 PMID:27138339

Failure mode and effects analysis based risk profile assessment for stereotactic radiosurgery programs at three cancer centers in Brazil.

PubMed

Teixeira, Flavia C; de Almeida, Carlos E; Saiful Huq, M

2016-01-01

The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and quality management program for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment processes at three radiotherapy centers in Brazil by using three industrial engineering tools (1) process mapping, (2) failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), and (3) fault tree analysis. The recommendations of Task Group 100 of American Association of Physicists in Medicine were followed to apply the three tools described above to create a process tree for SRS procedure for each radiotherapy center and then FMEA was performed. Failure modes were identified for all process steps and values of risk priority number (RPN) were calculated from O, S, and D (RPN = O × S × D) values assigned by a professional team responsible for patient care. The subprocess treatment planning was presented with the highest number of failure modes for all centers. The total number of failure modes were 135, 104, and 131 for centers I, II, and III, respectively. The highest RPN value for each center is as follows: center I (204), center II (372), and center III (370). Failure modes with RPN ≥ 100: center I (22), center II (115), and center III (110). Failure modes characterized by S ≥ 7, represented 68% of the failure modes for center III, 62% for center II, and 45% for center I. Failure modes with RPNs values ≥100 and S ≥ 7, D ≥ 5, and O ≥ 5 were considered as high priority in this study. The results of the present study show that the safety risk profiles for the same stereotactic radiotherapy process are different at three radiotherapy centers in Brazil. Although this is the same treatment process, this present study showed that the risk priority is different and it will lead to implementation of different safety interventions among the centers. Therefore, the current practice of applying universal device-centric QA is not adequate to address all possible failures in clinical processes at different radiotherapy centers. Integrated approaches to device-centric and process specific quality management program specific to each radiotherapy center are the key to a safe quality management program.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teixeira, Flavia C., E-mail: flavitiz@gmail.com; Almeida, Carlos E. de; Saiful Huq, M.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and quality management program for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment processes at three radiotherapy centers in Brazil by using three industrial engineering tools (1) process mapping, (2) failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), and (3) fault tree analysis. Methods: The recommendations of Task Group 100 of American Association of Physicists in Medicine were followed to apply the three tools described above to create a process tree for SRS procedure for each radiotherapy center and then FMEA was performed. Failure modes were identified for all process steps and values of riskmore » priority number (RPN) were calculated from O, S, and D (RPN = O × S × D) values assigned by a professional team responsible for patient care. Results: The subprocess treatment planning was presented with the highest number of failure modes for all centers. The total number of failure modes were 135, 104, and 131 for centers I, II, and III, respectively. The highest RPN value for each center is as follows: center I (204), center II (372), and center III (370). Failure modes with RPN ≥ 100: center I (22), center II (115), and center III (110). Failure modes characterized by S ≥ 7, represented 68% of the failure modes for center III, 62% for center II, and 45% for center I. Failure modes with RPNs values ≥100 and S ≥ 7, D ≥ 5, and O ≥ 5 were considered as high priority in this study. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that the safety risk profiles for the same stereotactic radiotherapy process are different at three radiotherapy centers in Brazil. Although this is the same treatment process, this present study showed that the risk priority is different and it will lead to implementation of different safety interventions among the centers. Therefore, the current practice of applying universal device-centric QA is not adequate to address all possible failures in clinical processes at different radiotherapy centers. Integrated approaches to device-centric and process specific quality management program specific to each radiotherapy center are the key to a safe quality management program.« less

Sorption kinetics of zinc and nickel on modified chitosan.

PubMed

Tripathi, Nimisha; Choppala, Girish; Singh, Raj S; Srivastava, Prashant; Seshadri, Balaji

2016-09-01

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of equilibration time on adsorption of zinc [Zn(II)] and nickel [Ni(II)] on pure and modified chitosan beads. The initial adsorption of Zn(II) was high on molybdenum (Mo)-impregnated chitosan beads (MoCB) during the initial 60 min. However, after 240 min, Zn(II) adsorption occurred more on single super phosphate chitosan beads (SSPCB), followed by monocalcium phosphate chitosan beads (MCPCB), untreated pure chitosan beads (UCB), and MoCB. Similarly, Ni(II) adsorption was greatest on MoCB during the initial 60 min. At the conclusion of the experiment (at 240 min), the greatest adsorption was occurred on MCPCB, followed by MoCB, UCB, and SSPCB. Chemical sorption and intra-particle diffusion were probably the dominant processes responsible for Zn(II) and Ni(II) sorption onto chitosan beads. The results demonstrated that modified chitosan beads were effective in adsorbing Zn and Ni and hence, could be used for the removal of these toxic metals from soil.

Carboxyl-terminal-dependent recruitment of nonmuscle myosin II to megakaryocyte contractile ring during polyploidization

PubMed Central

Badirou, Idinath; Pan, Jiajia; Legrand, Céline; Wang, Aibing; Lordier, Larissa; Boukour, Siham; Roy, Anita; Vainchenker, William

2014-01-01

Endomitosis is a unique megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation process that is the consequence of a late cytokinesis failure associated with a contractile ring defect. Evidence from in vitro studies has revealed the distinct roles of 2 nonmuscle myosin IIs (NMIIs) on MK endomitosis: only NMII-B (MYH10), but not NMII-A (MYH9), is localized in the MK contractile ring and implicated in mitosis/endomitosis transition. Here, we studied 2 transgenic mouse models in which nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMHC) II-A was genetically replaced either by II-B or by a chimeric NMHCII that combined the head domain of II-A with the rod and tail domains of II-B. This study provides in vivo evidence on the specific role of NMII-B on MK polyploidization. It demonstrates that the carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chains determines myosin II localization to the MK contractile ring and is responsible for the specific role of NMII-B in MK polyploidization. PMID:25185263

Carboxyl-terminal-dependent recruitment of nonmuscle myosin II to megakaryocyte contractile ring during polyploidization.

PubMed

Badirou, Idinath; Pan, Jiajia; Legrand, Céline; Wang, Aibing; Lordier, Larissa; Boukour, Siham; Roy, Anita; Vainchenker, William; Chang, Yunhua

2014-10-16

Endomitosis is a unique megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation process that is the consequence of a late cytokinesis failure associated with a contractile ring defect. Evidence from in vitro studies has revealed the distinct roles of 2 nonmuscle myosin IIs (NMIIs) on MK endomitosis: only NMII-B (MYH10), but not NMII-A (MYH9), is localized in the MK contractile ring and implicated in mitosis/endomitosis transition. Here, we studied 2 transgenic mouse models in which nonmuscle myosin heavy chain (NMHC) II-A was genetically replaced either by II-B or by a chimeric NMHCII that combined the head domain of II-A with the rod and tail domains of II-B. This study provides in vivo evidence on the specific role of NMII-B on MK polyploidization. It demonstrates that the carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chains determines myosin II localization to the MK contractile ring and is responsible for the specific role of NMII-B in MK polyploidization.

Acidity and hydrogen exchange dynamics of iron(II)-bound nitroxyl in aqueous solution.

PubMed

Gao, Yin; Toubaei, Abouzar; Kong, Xianqi; Wu, Gang

2014-10-20

Nitroxyl-iron(II) (HNO-Fe(II)) complexes are often unstable in aqueous solution, thus making them very difficult to study. Consequently, many fundamental chemical properties of Fe(II)-bound HNO have remained unknown. Using a comprehensive multinuclear ((1)H, (15)N, (17)O) NMR approach, the acidity of the Fe(II)-bound HNO in [Fe(CN)5(HNO)](3-) was investigated and its pK(a) value was determined to be greater than 11. Additionally, HNO undergoes rapid hydrogen exchange with water in aqueous solution and this exchange process is catalyzed by both acid and base. The hydrogen exchange dynamics for the Fe(II)-bound HNO have been characterized and the obtained benchmark values, when combined with the literature data on proteins, reveal that the rate of hydrogen exchange for the Fe(II)-bound HNO in the interior of globin proteins is reduced by a factor of 10(6). © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

40 CFR 68.65 - Process safety information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CHEMICAL ACCIDENT PREVENTION PROVISIONS Program 3 Prevention Program § 68.65 Process safety... data; (4) Reactivity data: (5) Corrosivity data; (6) Thermal and chemical stability data; and (7...; (ii) Process chemistry; (iii) Maximum intended inventory; (iv) Safe upper and lower limits for such...

49 CFR 382.401 - Retention of records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... substances collection process (except calibration of evidential breath testing devices). (3) One year... record is required to be prepared, it must be maintained. (1) Records related to the collection process: (i) Collection logbooks, if used; (ii) Documents relating to the random selection process; (iii...

42 CFR 423.168 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... any proposed changes in its accreditation standards or requirements or survey process. If the... application and enforcement of those standards to the comparable CMS requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to...

42 CFR 423.168 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... any proposed changes in its accreditation standards or requirements or survey process. If the... application and enforcement of those standards to the comparable CMS requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to...

42 CFR 423.168 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... any proposed changes in its accreditation standards or requirements or survey process. If the... application and enforcement of those standards to the comparable CMS requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to...

42 CFR 423.168 - Accreditation organizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... any proposed changes in its accreditation standards or requirements or survey process. If the... application and enforcement of those standards to the comparable CMS requirements and processes when— (i) CMS imposes new requirements or changes its survey process; (ii) An accreditation organization proposes to...

Progression is caused by angiotensin II-dependent persistent podocyte loss from destabilized glomeruli

PubMed Central

Fukuda, Akihiro; Wickman, Larysa T.; Venkatareddy, Madhusudan; Sato, Yuji; Chowdhury, Mahboob; Wang, Su Q; Shedden, Kerby; Dysko, Robert; Wiggins, Jocelyn E.; Wiggins, Roger C.

2013-01-01

Podocyte depletion is a major mechanism driving glomerulosclerosis. Progression is the process by which progressive glomerulosclerosis leads to End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). We therefore tested the hypothesis that progression to ESKD can be caused by persistent podocyte loss using the human diphtheria toxin transgenic rat model. After initial podocyte injury causing >30% loss of podocytes glomeruli became destabilized, resulting in continuous podocyte loss over time until global podocyte depletion (ESKD) occured. Similar patterns of podocyte depletion were observed in the puromycin aminonucleoside and 5/6 nephrectomy rat models of progression. Angiotensin II blockade prevented continuous podocyte loss and progression (restabilized glomeruli). Discontinuing angiotensin II blockade resulted in recurrent glomerular destabilization, podocyte loss and progression. Reduction in blood pressure alone did not reduce proteinuria or prevent podocyte loss from destabilized glomeruli. The protective effect of angiotensin II blockade could be entirely accounted for by reduction in podocyte loss. These data demonstrate that an initiating event that results in a critical degree of podocyte depletion can destabilize glomeruli by setting in train a superimposed angiotensin II-dependent podocyte loss cycle that accelerates the progression process and results in global podocyte depletion and progression to ESKD. These events can be monitored non-invasively through urine mRNA assays. PMID:21937979

o-Vanillin functionalized mesoporous silica - coated magnetite nanoparticles for efficient removal of Pb(II) from water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Culita, Daniela C.; Simonescu, Claudia Maria; Patescu, Rodica-Elena; Dragne, Mioara; Stanica, Nicolae; Oprea, Ovidiu

2016-06-01

o-Vanillin functionalized mesoporous silica - coated magnetite (Fe3O4@MCM-41-N-oVan) was synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption technique and magnetic measurements. The capacity of Fe3O4@MCM-41-N-oVan to adsorb Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was evaluated in comparison with raw mesoporous silica - coated magnetite (Fe3O4@MCM-41) and amino - modified mesoporous silica coated magnetite (Fe3O4@MCM-41-NH2). The effect of adsorption process parameters such us pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration was also investigated. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting a maximum adsorption capacity of 155.71 mg/g at pH=4.4 and T=298 K. The results revealed that the adsorption rate was very high at the beginning of the adsorption process, 80-90% of the total amount of Pb(II) being removed within the first 60 min, depending on the initial concentration. The results of the present work suggest that Fe3O4@MCM-41-N-oVan is a suitable candidate for the separation of Pb(II) from contaminated water.

The economic pre-treatment of coal mine drainage water with caustic and ozone.

PubMed

Boyden, B H; Nador, L; Addleman, S; Jeston, L

2017-09-01

Coal mine drainage waters are low in pH with varying amounts of iron and manganese and are generally brackish. The Austar Coal Mine in NSW, Australia, sought alternatives to their current lime dosing as the pre-treatment before the downstream reverse osmosis plant. Undesirable operating aspects of the current system include manganese and gypsum scaling/fouling, the need for anti-scalants and reduced water recovery. Thirteen processes for acid mine drainage were initially considered. The preferred process of caustic and ozone for Mn(II) oxidation was pilot tested at up to 0.74 kL/hr at the mine site. Under proper conditions and no aeration, about 81 per cent of the Fe could be removed (initially at 156 mg/L) as green rust. Supplemental aeration followed first-order kinetics and allowed 99.9 per cent Fe(II) oxidation and removal but only with a hydraulic residence time of about 47 minutes. The addition of supplemental Cu catalyst improved Fe removal. Ozone applied after caustic was effective in stoichiometrically oxidising recalcitrant Mn(II) and any remaining Fe(II). Control of the ozonation was achieved using the oxidation reduction potential during oxidation of the Mn(II) species. The use of caustic, followed by ozone, proved economically comparable to the current lime pre-treatment.

Reaction Mechanisms of Metals with Hydrogen Sulfide and Thiols in Model Wine. Part 1: Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation.

PubMed

Kreitman, Gal Y; Danilewicz, John C; Jeffery, David W; Elias, Ryan J

2016-05-25

Sulfidic off-odors as a result of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and low-molecular-weight thiols are commonly encountered in wine production. These odors are usually removed by the process of Cu(II) fining, a process that remains poorly understood. The present study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which Cu(II) interacts with H2S and thiol compounds (RSH) under wine-like conditions. Copper complex formation was monitored along with H2S, thiol, oxygen, and acetaldehyde concentrations after the addition of Cu(II) (50 or 100 μM) to air-saturated model wine solutions containing H2S, cysteine, 6-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, or 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (300 μM each). The presence of H2S and thiols in excess to Cu(II) led to the rapid formation of ∼1.4:1 H2S/Cu and ∼2:1 thiol/Cu complexes, resulting in the oxidation of H2S and thiols and reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), which reacted with oxygen. H2S was observed to initially oxidize rather than form insoluble copper sulfide. The proposed reaction mechanisms provide insight into the extent to which H2S can be selectively removed in the presence of thiols in wine.

Retention of heavy metal ions on comb-type hydrogels based on acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine, synthesized by gamma radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González-Gómez, Roberto; Ortega, Alejandra; Lazo, Luz M.; Burillo, Guillermina

2014-09-01

Two novel comb-type hydrogels based on pH-sensitive monomers (acrylic acid (AAc) and 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) were synthesized by gamma radiation. The systems were as follows: a) comb-type hydrogels of an AAc network followed by grafting of 4VP ((net-PAAc)-g-4VP) and b) comb-type hydrogels of an AAc network grafted onto polypropylene (PP) followed by grafting of 4VP (net-(PP-g-AAc)-g-4VP). The equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were evaluated for copper and zinc ions in aqueous solutions. The Zn(II) retention obtained was 480 mg g-1 and 1086 mg g-1 for (net-PAAc)-g-4VP and net-(PP-g-AAc)-g-4VP, respectively. At concentrations as low as ppm, retention efficiencies of approximately 90% were achieved for Cu(II) on (net-PAAc)-g-4VP and for Zn(II) on net-(PP-g-AAc)-g-4VP. Desorption of the hydrogels was also studied, and the results indicated that they can be used repeatedly in aqueous solutions. For both systems, the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) obeyed the Freundlich model, indicating heterogeneous sorption, and the retention process occurred by chemisorption. The sorption process follows a pseudo-second-order model.

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores.

PubMed

El-Safty, Sherif A; Shenashen, Mohamed A; Sakai, Masaru; Elshehy, Emad; Halada, Kohmei

2015-12-06

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in industrialized countries. Here, the development of optical mesosensors/adsorbents (MSAs) for efficient recognition and selective recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) from urban mine was achieved. A simple, general method for preparing MSAs based on using high-order mesoporous monolithic scaffolds was described. Hierarchical cubic Ia3d wagon-wheel-shaped MSAs were fabricated by anchoring chelating agents (colorants) into three-dimensional pores and micrometric particle surfaces of the mesoporous monolithic scaffolds. Findings show, for the first time, evidence of controlled optical recognition of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) ions and a highly selective system for recovery of Pd(II) ions (up to ~95%) in ores and industrial wastes. Furthermore, the controlled assessment processes described herein involve evaluation of intrinsic properties (e.g., visual signal change, long-term stability, adsorption efficiency, extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability); thus, expensive, sophisticated instruments are not required. Results show evidence that MSAs will attract worldwide attention as a promising technological means of recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals.

Hydroxyl Radical Formation in Solutions of Fe(III) and Hydrogen Peroxide - Impact of Freezing and Thawing Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arakaki, T.; Kinjo, M.; Shiroma, K.; Shibata, M.; Miyake, T.; Hirakawa, T.; Sakugawa, H.

2003-12-01

Hydroxyl radical formation was studied by detecting concentration of formate in solutions of hydrated formaldehyde, HOOH, and Fe(III) or Cu(II). Oxidation of hydrated formaldehyde by OH radical is known to form formate. Formate formation increased by about 4 times when the solution underwent freezing and thawing. Although the reaction mechanisms are not clearly understood, we believe that the concentration effect of freezing enhanced the catalytic reactions between HOOH and Fe(III) or Cu(II) and the reduction of transition metals, i.e., Fe(III) to Fe(II) and Cu(II) to Cu(I). The concentration effect also enhanced reactions between Fe(II) and HOOH or Cu(I) and HOOH, which generated OH radical (freeze-Fenton reaction). Study of the effects of pH showed that formate formation was the highest at pH = 4.0, indicating that the speciation of Fe(III) affected the formation of formate. Concentration-dependent experiments demonstrated that Fe is probably the limiting agent under typical atmospheric conditions. Our results suggested that the freezing process could be an important source of hydroxyl radical in high cloud, winter fog, rime ice and freezing acidic rain, and more importantly, a potentially additional oxidation mechanism in the atmosphere.

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

PubMed Central

El-Safty, Sherif A.; Shenashen, Mohamed A.; Sakai, Masaru; Elshehy, Emad; Halada, Kohmei

2015-01-01

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in industrialized countries. Here, the development of optical mesosensors/adsorbents (MSAs) for efficient recognition and selective recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) from urban mine was achieved. A simple, general method for preparing MSAs based on using high-order mesoporous monolithic scaffolds was described. Hierarchical cubic Ia3d wagon-wheel-shaped MSAs were fabricated by anchoring chelating agents (colorants) into three-dimensional pores and micrometric particle surfaces of the mesoporous monolithic scaffolds. Findings show, for the first time, evidence of controlled optical recognition of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) ions and a highly selective system for recovery of Pd(II) ions (up to ~95%) in ores and industrial wastes. Furthermore, the controlled assessment processes described herein involve evaluation of intrinsic properties (e.g., visual signal change, long-term stability, adsorption efficiency, extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability); thus, expensive, sophisticated instruments are not required. Results show evidence that MSAs will attract worldwide attention as a promising technological means of recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobaltmetals. PMID:26709467

Dissociable Stages of Problem Solving (II): First Evidence for Process-Contingent Temporal Order of Activation in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruh, Nina; Rahm, Benjamin; Unterrainer, Josef M.; Weiller, Cornelius; Kaller, Christoph P.

2012-01-01

In a companion study, eye-movement analyses in the Tower of London task (TOL) revealed independent indicators of functionally separable cognitive processes during problem solving, with processes of building up an internal representation of the problem preceding actual planning processes. These results imply that processes of internalization and…

Molecular dynamics approach to probe PKCβII-ligand interactions and influence of crystal water molecules on these interactions.

PubMed

Grewal, Baljinder K; Bhat, Jyotsna; Sobhia, Masilamani Elizabeth

2015-01-01

PKCβII is a potential target for therapeutic intervention against pandemic diabetic complications. Present study probes the molecular interactions of PKCβII with its clinically important ligands, viz. ruboxistaurin, enzastaurin and co-crystallized ligand, 2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl-BIM-1. The essentials of PKCβII-ligand interaction, crystal water-induced alterations in these interactions and key interacting flexible residues are analyzed. Computational methodologies, viz. molecular docking and molecular simulation coupled with molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area and generalized born surface area (MM-PB[GB]SA) are employed. The structural changes in the presence and absence of crystal water molecules in PKCβII ATP binding site residues, and its interaction with bound ligand, are identified. Difference in interaction of selective and nonselective ligand with ATP binding site residues of PKCβII is reported. The study showed that the nonbonding interactions contribute significantly in PKCβII-ligand binding and presence of crystal water molecules affects the interactions. The findings of present work may integrate the new aspects in the drug design process of PKCβII inhibitors.

Isotherm and thermodynamic studies of Zn (II) adsorption on lignite and coconut shell-based activated carbon fiber.

PubMed

Shrestha, Sohan; Son, Guntae; Lee, Seung Hwan; Lee, Tae Gwan

2013-08-01

The Zn (II) adsorption capacity of lignite and coconut shell-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) was evaluated as a function of initial Zn (II) concentration, temperature and contact time in batch adsorption process in this study. Adsorption uptake increased with initial Zn (II) concentration and temperature. Optimal contact time for the adsorption of Zn (II) ions onto lignite and coconut shell-based ACF was found to be 50 min. Removal percentage decreased from 88.0% to 78.54% with the increment in initial Zn (II) concentration from 5 to 50 mg L(-1). Equilibrium data fit well with Langmuir-I isotherm indicating homogeneous monolayer coverage of Zn (II) ions on the adsorbent surface. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Zn (II) ions on ACF was found to be 9.43 mg g(-1). Surface morphology and functionality of ACF prior to and after adsorption were characterized by electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Various thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), and standard entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A ruthenium(II) complex as turn-on Cu(II) luminescent sensor based on oxidative cyclization mechanism and its application in vivo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yunfei; Liu, Zonglun; Yang, Kui; Zhang, Yi; Xu, Yongqian; Li, Hongjuan; Wang, Chaoxia; Lu, Aiping; Sun, Shiguo

2015-02-01

Copper ions play a vital role in a variety of fundamental physiological processes not only in human beings and plants, but also for extensive insects and microorganisms. In this paper, a novel water-soluble ruthenium(II) complex as a turn-on copper(II) ions luminescent sensor based on o-(phenylazo)aniline was designed and synthesized. The azo group would undergo a specific oxidative cyclization reaction with copper(II) ions and turn into high luminescent benzotriazole, triggering significant luminescent increasements which were linear to the concentrations of copper(II) ions. The sensor distinguished by its high sensitivity (over 80-fold luminescent switch-on response), good selectivity (the changes of the emission intensity in the presence of other metal ions or amino acids were negligible) and low detection limit (4.42 nM) in water. Moreover, the copper(II) luminescent sensor exhibited good photostability under light irradiation. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed sensor in biological samples assay was also studied and imaged copper(II) ions in living pea aphids successfully.

Herringbone bursts associated with type II solar radio emission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cairns, I. H.; Robinson, R. D.

1987-01-01

Detailed observations of the herringbone (HB) fine structure on type II solar radio bursts are presented. Data from the Culgoora radiospectrograph, radiometer and radioheliograph are analyzed. The characteristic spectral profiles, frequency drift rates and exciter velocities, fluxes, source sizes, brightness temperatures, and polarizations of individual HB bursts are determined. Correlations between individual bursts within the characteristic groups of bursts and the properties of the associated type II bursts are examined. These data are compatible with HB bursts being radiation at multiples of the plasma frequency generated by electron streams accelerated by the type II shock. HB bursts are physically distinct phenomena from type II and type III bursts, differing significantly in emission processes and/or source conditions; this conclusion indicates that many of the presently available theoretical ideas for HB bursts are incorrect.

Deep functional analysis of synII, a 770 kb synthetic yeast chromosome

PubMed Central

Gao, Feng; Gong, Jianhui; Abramczyk, Dariusz; Walker, Roy; Zhao, Hongcui; Chen, Shihong; Liu, Wei; Luo, Yisha; Müller, Carolin A.; Paul-Dubois-Taine, Adrien; Alver, Bonnie; Stracquadanio, Giovanni; Mitchell, Leslie A.; Luo, Zhouqing; Fan, Yanqun; Zhou, Baojin; Wen, Bo; Tan, Fengji; Wang, Yujia; Zi, Jin; Xie, Zexiong; Li, Bingzhi; Yang, Kun; Richardson, Sarah M.; Jiang, Hui; French, Christopher E.; Nieduszynski, Conrad A.; Koszul, Romain; Marston, Adele L.; Yuan, Yingjin; Wang, Jian; Bader, Joel S.; Dai, Junbiao; Boeke, Jef D.; Xu, Xun; Cai, Yizhi; Yang, Huanming

2017-01-01

Herein we report the successful design, construction and characterization of a 770 kb synthetic yeast chromosome II (synII). Our study incorporates characterization at multiple levels, including phenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, chromosome segregation and replication analysis to provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of a synthetic chromosome. Our “Trans-Omics” analyses reveal a modest but potentially significant pervasive up-regulation of translational machinery observed in synII is mainly caused by the deletion of 13 tRNAs. By both complementation assays and SCRaMbLE, we targeted and debuged the origin of a growth defect at 37°C in glycerol medium, which is related to misregulation of the HOG response. Despite the subtle differences, the synII strain shows highly consistent biological processes comparable to the native strain. PMID:28280153

76 FR 27356 - Exemptions From Certain Prohibited Transaction Restrictions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

... IRA (as defined in Section V(e)) owner who is independent (as defined in Section V(d)) of Wachovia... dividend that is reset at specific intervals through a Dutch auction process; (d) A person is ``independent... defined in Section II(d)) owner who is independent (as defined in Section II(c)) of Baird. Notwithstanding...

GEOSTAR-II: A Prototype Water Vapor Imager/Sounder for the Path Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaier, Todd; Lambrigtsen, Bjorn; Kangaslahti, Pekka; Lim, Boon; Tanner, Alan; Harding, Dennis; Owen, Heather; Soria, Mary; ODwyer, Ian; Ruf, Christopher;

34 CFR 636.21 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use to evaluate an application?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Agencies of local government. (ii) Public and private elementary and secondary schools. (iii) Business... implementation strategy for each key project component activity is— (i) Comprehensive; (ii) Based on a sound... operation; (5) Describe a time-line chart that relates key evaluation processes and benchmarks to other...

34 CFR 636.21 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use to evaluate an application?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Agencies of local government. (ii) Public and private elementary and secondary schools. (iii) Business... implementation strategy for each key project component activity is— (i) Comprehensive; (ii) Based on a sound... operation; (5) Describe a time-line chart that relates key evaluation processes and benchmarks to other...

34 CFR 636.21 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use to evaluate an application?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Agencies of local government. (ii) Public and private elementary and secondary schools. (iii) Business... implementation strategy for each key project component activity is— (i) Comprehensive; (ii) Based on a sound... operation; (5) Describe a time-line chart that relates key evaluation processes and benchmarks to other...

34 CFR 636.21 - What selection criteria does the Secretary use to evaluate an application?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Agencies of local government. (ii) Public and private elementary and secondary schools. (iii) Business... implementation strategy for each key project component activity is— (i) Comprehensive; (ii) Based on a sound... operation; (5) Describe a time-line chart that relates key evaluation processes and benchmarks to other...

76 FR 12088 - Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for a Proposed Federal Loan...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

... Federal Loan Guarantee To Support Construction of Phase II of the Mid-Atlantic Power Pathway Transmission...) to support construction of Phase II of the Mid-Atlantic Power Pathway (MAPP) transmission line... 20585. Electronic submission of comments is encouraged due to processing time required for regular mail...

40 CFR 63.2435 - Am I subject to the requirements in this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MCPU includes equipment necessary to operate a miscellaneous organic chemical manufacturing process, as...)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section. (i) An organic chemical(s) classified using the...)(5) of this section. (ii) An organic chemical(s) classified using the 1997 version of NAICS code 325...

40 CFR 63.2435 - Am I subject to the requirements in this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MCPU includes equipment necessary to operate a miscellaneous organic chemical manufacturing process, as...)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section. (i) An organic chemical(s) classified using the...)(5) of this section. (ii) An organic chemical(s) classified using the 1997 version of NAICS code 325...

40 CFR 63.2435 - Am I subject to the requirements in this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MCPU includes equipment necessary to operate a miscellaneous organic chemical manufacturing process, as...)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v) of this section. (i) An organic chemical(s) classified using the...)(5) of this section. (ii) An organic chemical(s) classified using the 1997 version of NAICS code 325...

Critical Materials Needs

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-05-01

Waste-to-energy systems Recycling of materials from refuse Desulfurization of flue gases from electric power plants Sattelle Specialists...High-Temperature Gas -Turbine Engines for Automotive Applications Initiation of Task II and Task III (Task II: Description of Technologies and...3 - • Mining and Minerals Processing • Ocean Engineering • Transportation • Waste Treatment and Environmental Control The technologies

75 FR 4894 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; National Securities Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-29

... activity.\\5\\ There will also be an increase in the monthly fee for the mutual fund Profile Phase II Service.... Profile Phase I transmits mutual fund price and rate information. Profile Phase II stores data elements such as accumulation, breakpoints, and commission eligibility that relate to mutual fund processing...

World War II Spy Kit: "The Great Nazi Intelligence Coup."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haight, David

This instructional packet is designed to introduce students to primary source material by having them participate in an historical "what might have been." Students engage in critical thinking and document analysis, and through the process learn about Operation OVERLORD and World War II in general. This spy kit centers on Operation…

40 CFR 60.142 - Standard for particulate matter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Emissions from Basic Oxygen Process Furnaces for Which Construction is Commenced After June 11, 1973 § 60... primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used solely for the collection of secondary.../dscm (0.030 gr/dscf), as measured for the primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used...

40 CFR 60.142 - Standard for particulate matter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions from Basic Oxygen Process Furnaces for Which Construction is Commenced After June 11, 1973 § 60... primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used solely for the collection of secondary.../dscm (0.030 gr/dscf), as measured for the primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used...

40 CFR 60.142 - Standard for particulate matter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Emissions from Basic Oxygen Process Furnaces for Which Construction is Commenced After June 11, 1973 § 60... primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used solely for the collection of secondary.../dscm (0.030 gr/dscf), as measured for the primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used...

40 CFR 60.142 - Standard for particulate matter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Emissions from Basic Oxygen Process Furnaces for Which Construction is Commenced After June 11, 1973 § 60... primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used solely for the collection of secondary.../dscm (0.030 gr/dscf), as measured for the primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used...

40 CFR 60.142 - Standard for particulate matter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions from Basic Oxygen Process Furnaces for Which Construction is Commenced After June 11, 1973 § 60... primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used solely for the collection of secondary.../dscm (0.030 gr/dscf), as measured for the primary oxygen blow. (ii) Exit from a control device not used...

WISC-IV and WIAT-II Profiles in Children with High-Functioning Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayes, Susan Dickerson; Calhoun, Susan L.

2008-01-01

Children with high-functioning autism earned above normal scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) Perceptual Reasoning and Verbal Comprehension Indexes and below normal scores on the Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second Edition (WIAT-II) Written…

76 FR 31453 - Special Conditions: Gulfstream Model GVI Airplane; Single-Occupant Side-Facing Seats

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

.... SID TTI data must be processed as defined in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) part 571...). Pass/fail injury assessments: TTI and pelvic acceleration. 2. One longitudinal test with the Hybrid II... pelvic acceleration. 3. Vertical (14g) test with modified Hybrid II ATDs using existing pass/fail...

Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Psychopathy Factors Assessed via Self-Report: A Comparison of Three Instruments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benning, Stephen D.; Patrick, Christopher J.; Salekin, Randall T.; Leistico, Anne-Marie R.

2005-01-01

Psychopathy has been conceptualized as a personality disorder with distinctive interpersonal-affective and behavioral deviance features. The authors examine correlates of the factors of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), Self-Report Psychopathy-II (SRP-II) scale, and Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD) to understand similarities…

Level I and Level II Abilities: Some Theoretical Reinterpretations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarman, Ronald F.

1978-01-01

Some of the major assumptions and premises of Arthur Jensen's theory of Level I and Level II cognitive abilities are examined using a model of cognitive abilities recently proposed by Das, Kirby & Jarman (1975) and known as simultaneous and successive syntheses. Four areas are discussed: quantity versus type of information processing, internal…

40 CFR 65.3 - Compliance with standards and operation and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...)(4)(i) and (ii) do not apply to Group 2A or Group 2B process vents. Compliance with design, equipment, work practice, and operational standards, including those for equipment leaks, shall be determined... this part. (5) Design, equipment, work practice, or operational standards. Paragraphs (b)(5)(i) and (ii...

Molecular self-recognition: a chiral [Mn(II)6] wheel via donor-acceptor π···π contacts and H-bonds.

PubMed

Barrios, L A; Salinas-Uber, J; Roubeau, O; Teat, S J; Aromí, G

2015-03-18

A multinucleating ligand capable of establishing different types of intermolecular interactions, when combined with acetate groups leads to the assembly of a chiral [Mn(II)3] cluster poised for a process of self-recognition through a combination of perfectly complementary weak forces.

Teachers as Managers of the Modelling Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lingefjard, Thomas; Meier, Stephanie

2010-01-01

The work in the Comenius Network project Developing Quality in Mathematics Education II (DQME II) has a main focus on development and evaluation of modelling tasks. One reason is the gap between what mathematical modelling is and what is taught in mathematical classrooms. This article deals with one modelling task and focuses on how two teachers…

Adaptation of evidence-based guideline recommendations to address urinary incontinence in nursing home residents according to the ADAPTE-process.

PubMed

Hoedl, Manuela; Schoberer, Daniela; Halfens, Ruud J G; Lohrmann, Christa

2018-04-27

To adapt international guideline recommendations for the conservative management of urinary incontinence (UI), defined as any involuntary loss of urine, in Austrian nursing home residents following the ADAPTE-process. Many international guidelines for managing UI are available. Nevertheless, the international recommendations have not yet been adapted to address the Austrian nursing home context. This crucial adaptation process will enhance the acceptance and applicability of the recommendations as well as encourage adherence among Austrian nurses and nursing home residents. This study is a methodological study based on the ADAPTE-process, including a systematic search, quality appraisal of the guidelines using the Appraisal of Clinical Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument as well as an external review by means of a Delphi technique. The guidelines had to be topic-relevant, published within the last 3 years and achieve a rigor of development score of 80% using the AGREE II instrument. We searched international guideline databases to identify adequate guidelines. Two raters assessed the quality of each guideline, ascertaining that it fulfilled the inclusion criteria using the AGREE II instrument. We translated the identified recommendations into German and externally reviewed for their applicability in the Austrian context. We identified 1,612 hits in 10 databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we assessed five international clinical guidelines for quality using the AGREE II instrument. One clinical guideline fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This clinical guideline contains 116 recommendations, of which 29 were applicable in the Austrian nursing home setting. We identified only one suitable guideline, possibly due to the stringent nature of the inclusion criteria. However, following low-quality guidelines may result in the use of recommendations that are not based on evidence and, therefore, may lead to suboptimal nursing care and outcomes. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Carbonate-mediated Fe(II) oxidation in the air-cathode fuel cell: a kinetic model in terms of Fe(II) speciation.

PubMed

Song, Wei; Zhai, Lin-Feng; Cui, Yu-Zhi; Sun, Min; Jiang, Yuan

2013-06-06

Due to the high redox activity of Fe(II) and its abundance in natural waters, the electro-oxidation of Fe(II) can be found in many air-cathode fuel cell systems, such as acid mine drainage fuel cells and sediment microbial fuel cells. To deeply understand these iron-related systems, it is essential to elucidate the kinetics and mechanisms involved in the electro-oxidation of Fe(II). This work aims to develop a kinetic model that adequately describes the electro-oxidation process of Fe(II) in air-cathode fuel cells. The speciation of Fe(II) is incorporated into the model, and contributions of individual Fe(II) species to the overall Fe(II) oxidation rate are quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the kinetic model can accurately predict the electro-oxidation rate of Fe(II) in air-cathode fuel cells. FeCO3, Fe(OH)2, and Fe(CO3)2(2-) are the most important species determining the electro-oxidation kinetics of Fe(II). The Fe(II) oxidation rate is primarily controlled by the oxidation of FeCO3 species at low pH, whereas at high pH Fe(OH)2 and Fe(CO3)2(2-) are the dominant species. Solution pH, carbonate concentration, and solution salinity are able to influence the electro-oxidation kinetics of Fe(II) through changing both distribution and kinetic activity of Fe(II) species.

Heterobimetallic Complexes with MIII-(μ-OH)-MII Cores (MIII = Fe, Mn, Ga; MII = Ca, Sr, and Ba): Structural, Kinetic, and Redox Properties

PubMed Central

Park, Young Jun; Cook, Sarah A.; Sickerman, Nathaniel S.; Sano, Yohei; Ziller, Joseph W.

2013-01-01

The effects of redox-inactive metal ions on dioxygen activation were explored using a new FeII complex containing a tripodal ligand with 3 sulfonamido groups. This iron complex exhibited a faster initial rate for the reduction of O2 than its MnII analog. Increases in initial rates were also observed in the presence of group 2 metal ions for both the FeII and MnII complexes, which followed the trend NMe4+ < BaII < CaII = SrII. These studies led to the isolation of heterobimetallic complexes containing FeIII-(μ-OH)-MII cores (MII = Ca, Sr, and Ba) and one with a [SrII(OH)MnIII]+ motif. The analogous [CaII(OH)GaIII]+ complex was also prepared and its solid state molecular structure is nearly identical to that of the [CaII(OH)FeIII]+ system. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that the diamagnetic [CaII(OH)GaIII]+ complex retained its structure in solution. Electrochemical measurements on the heterobimetallic systems revealed similar one-electron reduction potentials for the [CaII(OH)FeIII]+ and [SrII(OH)FeIII]+ complexes, which were more positive than the potential observed for [BaII(OH)FeIII]+. Similar results were obtained for the heterobimetallic MnII complexes. These findings suggest that Lewis acidity is not the only factor to consider when evaluating the effects of group 2 ions on redox processes, including those within the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II. PMID:24058726

Inventory Uncertainty Quantification using TENDL Covariance Data in Fispact-II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eastwood, J.W.; Morgan, J.G.; Sublet, J.-Ch., E-mail: jean-christophe.sublet@ccfe.ac.uk

2015-01-15

The new inventory code Fispact-II provides predictions of inventory, radiological quantities and their uncertainties using nuclear data covariance information. Central to the method is a novel fast pathways search algorithm using directed graphs. The pathways output provides (1) an aid to identifying important reactions, (2) fast estimates of uncertainties, (3) reduced models that retain important nuclides and reactions for use in the code's Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis module. Described are the methods that are being implemented for improving uncertainty predictions, quantification and propagation using the covariance data that the recent nuclear data libraries contain. In the TENDL library, above themore » upper energy of the resolved resonance range, a Monte Carlo method in which the covariance data come from uncertainties of the nuclear model calculations is used. The nuclear data files are read directly by FISPACT-II without any further intermediate processing. Variance and covariance data are processed and used by FISPACT-II to compute uncertainties in collapsed cross sections, and these are in turn used to predict uncertainties in inventories and all derived radiological data.« less

Utilization of mixed adsorbents to extend frying oil life cycle in poultry processing.

PubMed

Udomkun, Patchimaporn; Innawong, Bhundit; Siasakul, Chatchalai; Okafor, Christopher

2018-05-15

The effects were studied of two different adsorbent combinations (com I; bentonite: activated carbon: celite = 3:4:1 and com II; bentonite: activated clay: celite = 3:4:1 + 1% citric acid) on the physico-chemical changes of oil used continuously for deep-fat frying of chicken drumsticks. The results showed that the % FFA was reduced by 44.3, PV by 50.2, and FOS reading by 40.1% in com I whereas reductions of 41.6, 44.9, and 32.8%, respectively, were found in com II. The oil treated with com II exhibited a lighter color than with com I. The changes of oil color in com I were L ∗ 30.7, a ∗ 1.7, and b ∗ 31.9%; in com II they were 53.2, 19.1, and 39.5% respectively. The higher the L ∗ observed, the better the oil quality obtained because of the bleaching ability of adsorbents. Therefore, the use of such adsorbents is recommended for poultry processing. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of biomarkers for osteoarthritis caused by fragmented medial coronoid process in dogs.

PubMed

Hurlbeck, C; Einspanier, R; Pfeil, I; Bondzio, A

2014-06-01

The aim of the present work was to evaluate whether concentrations of the carboxy-terminal cross-linked fragment of type II collagen (CTX-II), the activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2/-9) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in canine synovial fluids (SF) can reflect structural alterations of articular cartilage in dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP). Elbow joints with FMCP underwent radiographic and arthroscopic examination. Commercially available assays were used to analyze SF for CTX-II concentration and MMP-2/-9 activity. MPO activity was measured by o-dianisidine-assay. The MMPs were further evaluated by zymography. CTX-II concentration and MMP-2 activity showed age-dependent trends in controls. Increased enzyme activities of MPO and MMP-2/-9 were found in diseased dogs. MMP-9activity seems suitable to underline the subjective assessment of the degree of cartilage damage. These initial data of the study suggest that MPO and MMP-2/9 may be used as objective biomarkers in the diagnosis of canine osteoarthritis due to FMCP. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Condensin controls recruitment of RNA polymerase II to achieve nematode X-chromosome dosage compensation

PubMed Central

Kruesi, William S; Core, Leighton J; Waters, Colin T; Lis, John T; Meyer, Barbara J

2013-01-01

The X-chromosome gene regulatory process called dosage compensation ensures that males (1X) and females (2X) express equal levels of X-chromosome transcripts. The mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans has been elusive due to improperly annotated transcription start sites (TSSs). Here we define TSSs and the distribution of transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerase II (Pol II) genome-wide in wild-type and dosage-compensation-defective animals to dissect this regulatory mechanism. Our TSS-mapping strategy integrates GRO-seq, which tracks nascent transcription, with a new derivative of this method, called GRO-cap, which recovers nascent RNAs with 5′ caps prior to their removal by co-transcriptional processing. Our analyses reveal that promoter-proximal pausing is rare, unlike in other metazoans, and promoters are unexpectedly far upstream from the 5′ ends of mature mRNAs. We find that C. elegans equalizes X-chromosome expression between the sexes, to a level equivalent to autosomes, by reducing Pol II recruitment to promoters of hermaphrodite X-linked genes using a chromosome-restructuring condensin complex. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00808.001 PMID:23795297

Biosorption of toxic lead (II) ions using tomato waste (Solanum lycopersicum) activated by NaOH

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Permatasari, Diah; Heraldy, Eddy; Lestari, Witri Wahyu

2016-02-01

This research present to uptake lead (II) ion from aqueous solutions by activated tomato waste. Biosorbent were characterized by applying Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The biosorption investigated with parameters including the concentration of NaOH, effects of solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time,and initial metal concentration. Experimental data were analyzed in terms of two kinetic model such us the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied todescribe the biosorption process. According to the experiment, the optimum concentration of NaOH was achieved at 0.1 M. The maximum % lead (II) removal was achieved at pH 4 with 94.5%. Optimum biosorbentdosage were found as 0.1 g/25 mL solution while optimum contact time were found at 75 minutes. The results showed that the biosorption processes of Lead (II) followed pseudo-second order kinetics. Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found fit the adsorption data with amaximum capacity of 24.079 mg/g with anadsorption energy of 28.046 kJ/mol.

Rapid and efficient treatment of wastewater with high-concentration heavy metals using a new type of hydrogel-based adsorption process.

PubMed

Zhou, Guiyin; Liu, Chengbin; Chu, Lin; Tang, Yanhong; Luo, Shenglian

2016-11-01

In this study, a new type of double-network hydrogel sorbent was developed to remove heavy metals in wastewater. The amino-functionalized Starch/PAA hydrogel (NH2-Starch/PAA) could be conducted in a wide pH and the adsorption process could rapidly achieve the equilibrium. The adsorption capacity got to 256.4mg/g for Cd(II). Resultantly, even though Cd(II) concentration was as high as 180mg/L, the Cd(II) could be entirely removed using 1g/L sorbent. Furthermore, the desirable mechanical durability of the adsorbent allowed easy separation and reusability. In the fixed-bed column experiments, the treatment volume of the effluent with a high Cd(II) concentration of 200mg/L reached 2400BV (27.1L) after eight times cycle. The NH2-Starch/PAA overcame the deficiency of conventional sorbents that could not effectively treat the wastewater with relatively high metal concentrations. This work provides a new insight into omnidirectional enhancement of sorbents for removing high-concentration heavy metals in wastewater. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hydroxyl radical generation in electro-Fenton process with a gas-diffusion electrode: Linkages with electro-chemical generation of hydrogen peroxide and iron redox cycle.

PubMed

Yatagai, Tomonori; Ohkawa, Yoshiko; Kubo, Daichi; Kawase, Yoshinori

2017-01-02

The hydroxyl radical generation in an electro-Fenton process with a gas-diffusion electrode which is strongly linked with electro-chemical generation of hydrogen peroxide and iron redox cycle was studied. The OH radical generation subsequent to electro-chemical generations of H 2 O 2 was examined under the constant potential in the range of Fe 2+ dosage from 0 to 1.0 mM. The amount of generated OH radical initially increased and gradually decreased after the maximum was reached. The initial rate of OH radical generation increased for the Fe 2+ dosage <0.25 mM and at higher Fe 2+ dosages remained constant. At higher Fe 2+ dosages the precipitation of Fe might inhibit the enhancement of OH radical generation. The experiments for decolorization and total organic carbon (TOC) removal of azo-dye Orange II by the electro-Fenton process were conducted and the quick decolorization and slow TOC removal of Orange II were found. To quantify the linkages of OH radical generation with dynamic behaviors of electro-chemically generated H 2 O 2 and iron redox cycle and to investigate effects of OH radical generation on the decolorization and TOC removal of Orange II, novel reaction kinetic models were developed. The proposed models could satisfactory clarify the linkages of OH radical generation with electro-chemically generated H 2 O 2 and iron redox cycle and simulate the decolorization and TOC removal of Orange II by the electro-Fenton process.

Competing retention pathways of uranium upon reaction with Fe(II)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massey, Michael S.; Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Jones, Morris E.; Ilton, Eugene S.; Cerrato, José M.; Bargar, John R.; Fendorf, Scott

2014-10-01

Biogeochemical retention processes, including adsorption, reductive precipitation, and incorporation into host minerals, are important in contaminant transport, remediation, and geologic deposition of uranium. Recent work has shown that U can become incorporated into iron (hydr)oxide minerals, with a key pathway arising from Fe(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite, (Fe(OH)3·nH2O) to goethite (α-FeO(OH)); this is a possible U retention mechanism in soils and sediments. Several key questions, however, remain unanswered regarding U incorporation into iron (hydr)oxides and this pathway's contribution to U retention, including: (i) the competitiveness of U incorporation versus reduction to U(IV) and subsequent precipitation of UO2; (ii) the oxidation state of incorporated U; (iii) the effects of uranyl aqueous speciation on U incorporation; and, (iv) the mechanism of U incorporation. Here we use a series of batch reactions conducted at pH ∼7, [U(VI)] from 1 to 170 μM, [Fe(II)] from 0 to 3 mM, and [Ca] at 0 or 4 mM coupled with spectroscopic examination of reaction products of Fe(II)-induced ferrihydrite transformation to address these outstanding questions. Uranium retention pathways were identified and quantified using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of EXAFS spectra showed that 14-89% of total U was incorporated into goethite, upon reaction with Fe(II) and ferrihydrite. Uranium incorporation was a particularly dominant retention pathway at U concentrations ⩽50 μM when either uranyl-carbonato or calcium-uranyl-carbonato complexes were dominant, accounting for 64-89% of total U. With increasing U(VI) and Fe(II) concentrations, U(VI) reduction to U(IV) became more prevalent, but U incorporation remained a functioning retention pathway. These findings highlight the potential importance of U(V) incorporation within iron oxides as a retention process of U across a wide range of biogeochemical environments and the sensitivity of uranium retention processes to operative (bio)geochemical conditions.

Competing retention pathways of uranium upon reaction with Fe(II)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Massey, Michael S.; Lezama Pacheco, Juan S.; Jones, Morris

Biogeochemical retention processes, including adsorption, reductive precipitation, and incorporation into host minerals, are important in contaminant transport, remediation, and geologic deposition of uranium. Recent work has shown that U can become incorporated into iron (hydr)oxide minerals, with a key pathway arising from Fe(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite, (Fe(OH)3•nH2O) to goethite (α-FeO(OH)); this is a possible U retention mechanism in soils and sediments. Several key questions, however, remain unanswered regarding U incorporation into iron (hydr)oxides and this pathway’s contribution to U retention, including: (i) the competitiveness of U incorporation versus reduction to U(IV) and subsequent precipitation of UO2; (ii) the oxidation statemore » of incorporated U; (iii) the effects of uranyl aqueous speciation on U incorporation; and, (iv) the mechanism of U incorporation. Here we use a series of batch reactions conducted at pH ~7, [U(VI)] from 1 to 170 μM, [Fe(II)] from 0 to 3 mM, and [Ca] at 0 or 4 mM) coupled with spectroscopic examination of reaction products of Fe(II)-induced ferrihydrite transformation to address these outstanding questions. Uranium retention pathways were identified and quantified using extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of EXAFS spectra showed that 14 to 89% of total U was incorporated into goethite, upon reaction with Fe(II) and ferrihydrite. Uranium incorporation was a particularly dominant retention pathway at U concentrations ≤ 50 μM when either uranyl-carbonato or calcium-uranyl-carbonato complexes were dominant, accounting for 64 to 89% of total U. With increasing U(VI) and Fe(II) concentrations, U(VI) reduction to U(IV) became more prevalent, but U incorporation remained a functioning retention pathway. These findings highlight the potential importance of U(V) incorporation within iron oxides as a retention process of U across a wide range of biogeochemical environments and the sensitivity of uranium retention processes to operative (bio)geochemical conditions.« less

Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI/rGO) Composites Used for Pb(II) Removal

PubMed Central

Fan, Mingyi; Li, Tongjun; Hu, Jiwei; Cao, Rensheng; Wu, Qing; Wei, Xionghui; Li, Lingyun; Shi, Xuedan; Ruan, Wenqian

2016-01-01

Reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) composites were prepared by chemical deposition method and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, N2-sorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Operating parameters for the removal process of Pb(II) ions, such as temperature (20–40 °C), pH (3–5), initial concentration (400–600 mg/L) and contact time (20–60 min), were optimized using a quadratic model. The coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.99) obtained for the mathematical model indicates a high correlation between the experimental and predicted values. The optimal temperature, pH, initial concentration and contact time for Pb(II) ions removal in the present experiment were 21.30 °C, 5.00, 400.00 mg/L and 60.00 min, respectively. In addition, the Pb(II) removal by nZVI/rGO composites was quantitatively evaluated by using adsorption isotherms, such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, of which Langmuir isotherm gave a better correlation, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 910 mg/g. The removal process of Pb(II) ions could be completed within 50 min, which was well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Therefore, the nZVI/rGO composites are suitable as efficient materials for the advanced treatment of Pb(II)-containing wastewater. PMID:28773813

Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI/rGO) Composites

PubMed Central

Fan, Mingyi; Li, Tongjun; Hu, Jiwei; Cao, Rensheng; Wei, Xionghui; Shi, Xuedan; Ruan, Wenqian

2017-01-01

Reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) composites were synthesized in the present study by chemical deposition method and were then characterized by various methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nZVI/rGO composites prepared were utilized for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions in batch mode at different initial Cd(II) concentrations, initial pH values, contact times, and operating temperatures. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network hybridized with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used for modeling the removal efficiency of Cd(II) and optimizing the four removal process variables. The average values of prediction errors for the RSM and ANN-GA models were 6.47% and 1.08%. Although both models were proven to be reliable in terms of predicting the removal efficiency of Cd(II), the ANN-GA model was found to be more accurate than the RSM model. In addition, experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. It was found that the Cd(II) adsorption was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Examination on thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order model can better describe the kinetics of Cd(II) removal with a good R2 value than the pseudo-first-order model. PMID:28772901

Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI/rGO) Composites Used for Pb(II) Removal.

PubMed

Fan, Mingyi; Li, Tongjun; Hu, Jiwei; Cao, Rensheng; Wu, Qing; Wei, Xionghui; Li, Lingyun; Shi, Xuedan; Ruan, Wenqian

2016-08-12

Reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) composites were prepared by chemical deposition method and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, N₂-sorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Operating parameters for the removal process of Pb(II) ions, such as temperature (20-40 °C), pH (3-5), initial concentration (400-600 mg/L) and contact time (20-60 min), were optimized using a quadratic model. The coefficient of determination ( R ² > 0.99) obtained for the mathematical model indicates a high correlation between the experimental and predicted values. The optimal temperature, pH, initial concentration and contact time for Pb(II) ions removal in the present experiment were 21.30 °C, 5.00, 400.00 mg/L and 60.00 min, respectively. In addition, the Pb(II) removal by nZVI/rGO composites was quantitatively evaluated by using adsorption isotherms, such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, of which Langmuir isotherm gave a better correlation, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 910 mg/g. The removal process of Pb(II) ions could be completed within 50 min, which was well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Therefore, the nZVI/rGO composites are suitable as efficient materials for the advanced treatment of Pb(II)-containing wastewater.

Biological Oxidation of Fe(II) in Reduced Nontronite Coupled with Nitrate Reduction by Pseudogulbenkiania sp. Strain 2002

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Linduo; Dong, Hailiang; Kukkadapu, Ravi K.

Nitrate contamination in soils, sediments, and water bodies is a significant issue. Although much is known about nitrate degradation in these environments, especially via microbial pathways, a complete understanding of all degradation processes, especially in clay mineral-rich soils, is still lacking. The objective of this study was to study the potential of removing nitrate contaminant using structural Fe(II) in clay mineral nontronite. Specifically, the coupled processes of microbial oxidation of Fe(II) in microbially reduced nontronite (NAu-2) and nitrate reduction by Pseudogulbenkiania species strain 2002 was investigated. Bio-oxidation experiments were conducted in bicarbonate-buffered medium under both growth and nongrowth conditions. Themore » extents of Fe(II) oxidation and nitrate reduction were measured by wet chemical methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to observe mineralogical changes associated with Fe(III) reduction and Fe(II) oxidation in nontronite. The bio-oxidation extent under growth and nongrowth conditions reached 93% and 57%, respectively. Over the same time period, nitrate was completely reduced under both conditions to nitrogen gas (N2), via an intermediate product nitrite. Magnetite was a mineral product of nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation, as evidenced by XRD data and TEM diffraction patterns. The results of this study highlight the importance of iron-bearing clay minerals in the global nitrogen cycle with potential applications in nitrate removal in soils.« less

Testing directed evolution strategies for space exploration: genetic modification of photosystem II to increase stress tolerance under space conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertalan, I.; Giardi, M. T.; Johanningmeier, U.

Plants and many microorganisms are able to convert and store solar energy in chemical bonds by a process called photosynthesis They remove CO 2 from the atmosphere fix it as carbohydrate and simultaneously evolve oxygen Oxygen evolution is of supreme relevance for all higher life forms and results from the splitting of water molecules This process is catalyzed by the so called photosystem II PSII complex and represents the very beginning of biomass production PS II is also a central point of regulation being responsive to various physical and physiological parameters Complex space radiation is damaging PS II and reduces photosynthetic efficiency Thus bioregenerative life-support systems are severely disturbed at this point Genetic manipulation of photosynthesis checkpoints offer the possibility to adjust biomass and oxygen production to changing environmental conditions As the photosynthetic apparatus has adapted to terrestrial and not to space conditions we are trying to adapt a central and particularly stress-susceptible element of the photosynthesis apparatus - the D1 subunit of PS II - to space radiation by a strategy of directed evolution The D1 subunit together with its sister subunit D2 form the reaction centre of PS II D1 presents a central weak point for radiation energy that hits the chloroplast We have constructed a mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a defect D1 protein This mutant is easily transformable with D1-encoding PCR fragments without purification and cloning steps 1 When

Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI/rGO) Composites.

PubMed

Fan, Mingyi; Li, Tongjun; Hu, Jiwei; Cao, Rensheng; Wei, Xionghui; Shi, Xuedan; Ruan, Wenqian

2017-05-17

Reduced graphene oxide-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI/rGO) composites were synthesized in the present study by chemical deposition method and were then characterized by various methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nZVI/rGO composites prepared were utilized for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions in batch mode at different initial Cd(II) concentrations, initial pH values, contact times, and operating temperatures. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network hybridized with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used for modeling the removal efficiency of Cd(II) and optimizing the four removal process variables. The average values of prediction errors for the RSM and ANN-GA models were 6.47% and 1.08%. Although both models were proven to be reliable in terms of predicting the removal efficiency of Cd(II), the ANN-GA model was found to be more accurate than the RSM model. In addition, experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. It was found that the Cd(II) adsorption was best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. Examination on thermodynamic parameters revealed that the removal process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Furthermore, the pseudo-second-order model can better describe the kinetics of Cd(II) removal with a good R² value than the pseudo-first-order model.

Effect of surfactants or a water soluble polymer on the crystal transition of clarithromycin during a wet granulation process.

PubMed

Nozawa, Kenji; Iwao, Yasunori; Noguchi, Shuji; Itai, Shigeru

2015-11-10

To generate products containing a stable form of clarithromycin (CAM) (form II) regardless of the initial crystal form of CAM or type of granulation solvent, the effects of five surfactants, or a water-soluble polymer (macrogol 400) were determined on the crystal transition of CAM. The metastable form (form I) was kneaded with water, after adding surfactants, or a water-soluble polymer. Form II was also kneaded with ethanol, after adding the same additives. The resulting samples were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. Form I was completely converted to form II by a wet granulation using water with additives bearing polyoxyethylene chains such as polysorbate 80 (PS80), polyoxyl 40 stearate or macrogol 400. The granulation of the form II using ethanol with these additives did not result in a crystal transition to form I. Furthermore, CAM tablets were manufactured using granules with PS80, and these crystal forms and dissolution behaviors were investigated. As a result, the wet granulation of CAM with PS80 gave CAM tablets containing only form II and PS80 did not have any adverse effects on tablet characteristics. Therefore, these data suggests that the crystal form of CAM can be controlled to be form II using a wet granulation process with additives bearing polyoxyethylene chains regardless of the initial crystal form of CAM or type of granulation solvent. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Functionalized polyethylene fibers for the selective capture of palladium ions from aqueous solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pang, Li-juan; Li, Rong; Hu, Jiang-tao; Zhang, Lin-juan; Zhang, Ming-xing; Yang, Chen-guang; Wu, Guo-zhong

2018-03-01

An innovative ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibrous adsorbent was successfully synthesized via radiation grafting and applied to the selective capture of palladium ions from dilute aqueous solutions. The influence of the pH, initial Pd(II) concentration, and temperature on the adsorption performance was examined in a batch adsorption experiment. Pd K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicated that Pd(II) was immobilized on the adsorbent surface via a ligand exchange reaction that formed a stable UHMWPE-PMDA-Pd complex. Although the concentrations of coexisting ions (Cu(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Fe(III), and Ni(II)) in the solution were much higher than that of Pd(II), the adsorption capacity for Pd(II) of the as-prepared absorbent was significantly greater than that for other metal ions. Kinetic studies showed good correlation with the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum capacity for Pd(II) adsorption was approximately 221.8 mg·g-1 at 298 K. The adsorption behavior conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of Pd(II) was a feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic process.

Selective adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution using chitosan-MAA nanoparticles.

PubMed

Heidari, Aghdas; Younesi, Habibollah; Mehraban, Zahra; Heikkinen, Harri

2013-10-01

Chitosan-MAA nanoparticles (CS-MAA) with an average size of 10-70 nm were prepared by polymerizing chitosan with methacrylic acid in aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution on CS-MAA was studied in a batch system. The effects of the solution pH, initial metal concentration, contact time, and dosage of the adsorbent on the adsorption process were examined. The experimental data were analyzed using the pseudo-second-order kinetic equations and the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlish-Peterson isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity was 11.30, 1.84, and 0.87 mg/g for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions, respectively, obtained by the Langmuir isotherm. However, the adsorption isotherm was better explained by the Freundlich rather than by the Langmuir model, as the high correlation coefficients (R(2)>0.99) were obtained at a higher confidence level. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of calcium on the hemolytic activity of Stichodactyla helianthus toxin sticholysin II on human erythrocytes.

PubMed

Celedón, Gloria; González, Gustavo; Lissi, Eduardo; Cerda, Tania; Martinez, Diana; Soto, Carmen; Pupo, Mario; Pazos, Fabiola; Lanio, Maria E; Alvarez, Carlos

2009-11-01

Sticholysin II (St II) is a toxin from the sea anemona Stichodactyla helianthus that produces erythrocytes lysis at low concentration and its activity depends on the presence of calcium. Calcium may act modifying toxin interaction with erythrocyte membranes or activating cellular processes which may result in a modified St II lytic action. In this study we are reporting that, in the presence of external K(+), extracellular calcium decreased St II activity on erythrocytes. On the other hand an increase of intracellular calcium promotes Sty II lytic activity. The effect of intracellular calcium was specifically studied in relation to membrane lipid translocation elicited by scramblases and how this action influence St II lytic activity on erythrocytes. We used 0.5 mmol/L calcium and 10 mmol/L A23187, as calcium ionophore, for scramblases activation and found increased St II activity associated to increase of intracellular calcium. N-ethyl maleimide (activator) and 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (inhibitor) were used as scramblases modulators in the assays which produced an increase and a decrease of the calcium effect, respectively. Results reported suggest an improved St II membrane pore-forming capacity promoted by intracellular calcium associated to membrane phospholipids translocation.

Laser-induced dispersive fluorescence spectrum and the detection of NO II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Guiyin; Jin, Yidong

2008-03-01

Laser-induced dispersive fluorescence (LIDF) spectrum of NO II molecule in the spectral region of 508.3-708.3nm is obtained with the 508.0nm excitation wavelength. It is found that at low sample pressure the spectrum is composed of a banded structure superimposed on a continuous one. While the spectrum show itself as a continuous envelope centered at 630.0nm when the pressure with a higher value. NO II molecules are excited to the first excited state A2B II by absorbing laser photons. Owing to the strong interaction between X2A I~A2B II and A2B II ~ B2B Istates, some excited molecules redistribute to X2A I and B2B I states by the process of internal energy conversion or quenching. This induces the fluorescence come from different excited states. Based on the experimental data, the vibration frequencies of the ground electronic state of NO II molecule are obtained. They are ω I=(1319+/-12)cm -1, ω II=(759.8+/-0.7)cm -1,and ω 3=(1635+/-29)cm -1. The optimum-receiving wavelength for detecting NO II gas with the technique of LIDF is proposed.

Microbial strategy for potential lead remediation: a review study.

PubMed

Pan, Xiaohong; Chen, Zhi; Li, Lan; Rao, Wenhua; Xu, Zhangyan; Guan, Xiong

2017-02-01

The extensive exploitation and usage of lead compounds result in severe lead(II) pollution in water and soil environments, even in agricultural land, threatening the health of animals and humans via food chains. The recovery and remediation of lead(II) from water and soil environments have been intensively concerned in recent years. Compared with the traditional physic-chemistry treatment, microbial remediation strategy is a promising alternative to remediate lead(II)-contaminated environments due to its cost-effective and environmentally-friendly properties. Various microorganisms are capable of removing or immobilizing lead(II) from water and soil environments through bioaccumulation, precipitation or accelerated transformation of lead(II) into a very stable mineral, resulting in significant effects on lead(II) mobility and bioavailability. In the present review, we investigated a wide diversity of lead(II) bioremediation induced by different microbes and its multi-mechanisms. Moreover, we also discussed the progress and limitations, summarized the common rules of lead(II)-microbe interaction, and evaluated the environmental significance of microbes in lead biogeochemistry process. In addition, we further deliberated the feasibility and potential application of microbes in developing cost-effective, eco-friendly bioremediation or long-term management strategy for lead(II) contaminated repositories.

Synthesis and adsorption of silica gel modified 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) from corn cobs against Cu(II) in water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purwanto, Agung; Yusmaniar, Ferdiani, Fatmawati; Damayanti, Rachma

2017-03-01

Silica gel modified APTS was synthesized from silica gel which was obtained from corn cobs via sol-gel process. Silica gel was synthesized from corn cobs and then chemically modified with silane coupling agent which has an amine group (NH2). This process resulting modified silica gel 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Characterization of silica gel modified APTS by SEM-EDX showed that the size of the particles of silica gel modified APTS was 20µm with mass percentage of individual elements were nitrogen (N) 15.56%, silicon (Si) 50.69% and oxygen (O) 33.75%. In addition, silica gel modified APTS also showed absorption bands of functional groups silanol (Si-OH), siloxane (Si-O-Si), and an aliphatic chain (-CH2-), as well as amine (NH2) from FTIR spectra. Based on the characterization of XRD, silica gel 2θ of 21.094° and 21.32° respectively. It indicated that both material were amorphous. Determination of optimum pH and contact time on adsorption of silica gel 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) against Cu(II). The optimum pH and contact time was measured by using AAS. Optimum pH of adsorption silica gel modified APTS against metal Cu(II) could be obtained at pH 6 while optimum contact time was at 30 minutes, with the process of adsorption metal Cu(II) occured based on the model Freundlich isotherm.

Activation of persulfate/copper by hydroxylamine via accelerating the cupric/cuprous redox couple.

PubMed

Zhou, Peng; Zhang, Jing; Liang, Juan; Zhang, Yongli; Liu, Ya; Liu, Bei

2016-01-01

Cuprous copper [Cu(I)] reacts with sodium persulfate (PDS) to generate sulfate radical SO4(-)•, but it has been seldom investigated owing to its instability and difficulty in dissolving it. This study proposes a new method to regenerate Cu(I) from cupric copper [Cu(II)] by addition of hydroxylamine (HA) to induce the continuous production of radicals through active PDS, and investigates the resulting enhanced methyl orange (MO) degradation efficiency and mechanism in the new system. HA accelerated the degradation of MO markedly in the pH range from 6.0 to 8.0 in the HA/Cu(II)/PDS process. Both SO4(-)• and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were considered as the primary reactive radicals in the process. The MO degradation in the HA/Cu(II)/PDS process can be divided into three stages: the fast stage, the transitory stage, and the low stage. MO degradation was enhanced with increased dosage of PDS. Although high dosage of HA could accelerate the transformation of the Cu(II)/Cu(I) cycle to produce more reactive radicals, excess HA can quench the reactive radicals. This study indicates that through a copper-redox cycling mechanism by HA, the production of SO4(-)• and •OH can be strongly enhanced, and the effective pH range can be expanded to neutral conditions.

Electrochemistry of LB films of mixed MGDG:UQ on ITO.

PubMed

Hoyo, Javier; Guaus, Ester; Torrent-Burgués, Juan; Sanz, Fausto

2015-08-01

The electrochemical behaviour of biomimetic monolayers of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) incorporating ubiquinone-10 (UQ) has been investigated. MGDG is the principal component in the thylakoid membrane and UQ seems a good substitute for plastoquinone-9, involved in photosynthesis chain. The monolayers have been performed using the Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) techniques and the redox behaviour of the LB films, transferred at several surface pressures on a glass covered with indium-tin oxide (ITO), has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms show that UQ molecules present two redox processes (I and II) at high UQ content and high surface pressures, and only one redox process (I) at low UQ content and low surface pressures. The apparent rate constants calculated for processes I and II indicate a different kinetic control for the reduction and the oxidation of UQ/UQH2 redox couple, being k(Rapp)(I) = 2.2 · 10(-5) s(-1), k(Rapp)(II) = 5.1 · 10(-14) k(Oapp)(I) = 3.3 · 10(-3) s(-1) and k(Oapp)(II) = 6.1 · 10(-6) s(-1), respectively. The correlation of the redox response with the physical states of the LB films allows determining the positions of the UQ molecules in the biomimetic monolayer, which change with the surface pressure and the UQ content. These positions are known as diving and swimming. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.