40 CFR 63.829 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... mass of all HAP containing materials used and the mass fraction of HAP present in each HAP containing... the criteria of § 63.821(b)(1), the owner or operator shall maintain records of the total mass of each... maintain records of the total mass and organic HAP content of each material applied on product and...

40 CFR 63.829 - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... mass of all HAP containing materials used and the mass fraction of HAP present in each HAP containing... the criteria of § 63.821(b)(1), the owner or operator shall maintain records of the total mass of each... maintain records of the total mass and organic HAP content of each material applied on product and...

40 CFR 63.1426 - Process vent requirements for determining organic HAP concentration, control efficiency, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Production § 63.1426 Process vent requirements for determining organic HAP concentration, control efficiency..., total organic HAP, or as TOC minus methane and ethane according to the procedures specified. When... methane and ethane) concentrations in all process vent streams and primary and secondary fuels introduced...

40 CFR 63.2525 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Notification, Reports... because the non-reactive organic HAP is the only HAP and usage is less than 10,000 lb/yr, as specified in... report that total uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the batch process vents in an MCPU will be less...

40 CFR 63.2525 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing... because the non-reactive organic HAP is the only HAP and usage is less than 10,000 lb/yr, as specified in... report that total uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the batch process vents in an MCPU will be less...

40 CFR 63.2525 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Notification, Reports... because the non-reactive organic HAP is the only HAP and usage is less than 10,000 lb/yr, as specified in... report that total uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the batch process vents in an MCPU will be less...

40 CFR 63.4961 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the compliance period, kg. AI = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled... coating operation in Equation 1D of this section. ER23MY03.028 Where: AI = Total mass of organic HAP in...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Eeee of... - Continuous Compliance With Emission Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., items 1 through 6 a. Reduce total organic HAP (or, upon approval, TOC) emissions from the closed vent... organic HAP (or, upon approval, TOC) in the exhaust of combustion devices i. Performing CMS monitoring and... HAP (or, upon approval, TOC) emissions during the loading of organic liquids from the closed vent...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Storage Tanks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical... HAP emissions by ≥95 percent by weight or to ≤20 ppmv of TOC or organic HAP and ≤20 ppmv of hydrogen... devices (excluding a flare); or ii. Reduce total organic HAP emissions by venting emissions through a...

40 CFR 63.1333 - Additional requirements for performance testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section. ER19JN00.041 Where: ERMBS = Emission rate of organic HAP or TOC from continuous process vents, kg/Mg product. Ei = Emission rate of organic HAP or TOC from continuous... hours in a year for control device j. Ei=Mass rate of TOC or total organic HAP at the inlet of control...

40 CFR 63.1571 - How and when do I conduct a performance test or other initial compliance demonstration?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... heating value, TOC emission rate, and total organic HAP emission rate expected to yield the highest daily... conditions; (3) You may use maximum flow rate, TOC emission rate, organic HAP emission rate, or organic HAP or TOC concentration specified or implied within a permit limit applicable to the process vent; or (4...

40 CFR 63.1426 - Process vent requirements for determining organic HAP concentration, control efficiency, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... percent reduction may be measured as total epoxide, total organic HAP, or as TOC minus methane and ethane... TOC (minus methane and ethane) concentrations in all process vent streams and primary and secondary... million by volume total epoxide or TOC limit in § 63.1425(b)(1)(ii) or (b)(2)(iii), the sampling site...

40 CFR 63.4751 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... during the month, grams. A = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used during the month, grams, as... month, grams, as calculated in Equation 1B of this section. C = Total mass of organic HAP in the cleaning materials used during the month, grams, as calculated in Equation 1C of this section. Rw = Total...

40 CFR 63.1426 - Process vent requirements for determining organic HAP concentration, control efficiency, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions for Polyether Polyols Production § 63... percent reduction may be measured as total epoxide, total organic HAP, or as TOC minus methane and ethane... TOC (minus methane and ethane) concentrations in all process vent streams and primary and secondary...

40 CFR 63.1426 - Process vent requirements for determining organic HAP concentration, control efficiency, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions for Polyether Polyols Production § 63... percent reduction may be measured as total epoxide, total organic HAP, or as TOC minus methane and ethane... TOC (minus methane and ethane) concentrations in all process vent streams and primary and secondary...

40 CFR 63.2505 - How do I comply with the alternative standard?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical... control device(s), it must reduce HAP emissions to an outlet total organic HAP concentration of 50 ppmv or...

40 CFR 63.2505 - How do I comply with the alternative standard?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing... device(s), it must reduce HAP emissions to an outlet total organic HAP concentration of 50 ppmv or less...

40 CFR 63.2505 - How do I comply with the alternative standard?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing... device(s), it must reduce HAP emissions to an outlet total organic HAP concentration of 50 ppmv or less...

40 CFR 63.4161 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compliance period, kg. AI = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled coating... this section: ER23JY02.007 Where: AI = mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled... recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance during the compliance period, kg. AI = total mass of...

40 CFR 63.4161 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compliance period, kg. AI = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled coating... this section: ER23JY02.007 Where: AI = mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled... recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance during the compliance period, kg. AI = total mass of...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Eeee of... - Initial Compliance With Emission Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... approval, TOC) emissions by at least 95 weight-percent, or as an option for nonflare combustion devices to an exhaust concentration of ≤20 ppmv Total organic HAP (or, upon approval, TOC) emissions, based on..., or new affected source Reduce total organic HAP (or, upon approval, TOC) emissions from the loading...

40 CFR 63.4161 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... compliance period, kg. AI = total mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled coating... this section: ER23JY02.007 Where: AI = mass of organic HAP in the coatings used in the controlled... recovery system using a liquid-liquid material balance during the compliance period, kg. AI = total mass of...

40 CFR 63.2520 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Notification, Reports... that contain energetics and organic peroxides, and rationale for why meeting the emission limit... is the only HAP and usage is less than 10,000 lb/yr, the total uncontrolled organic HAP emissions...

40 CFR 63.2520 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Notification, Reports... that contain energetics and organic peroxides, and rationale for why meeting the emission limit... is the only HAP and usage is less than 10,000 lb/yr, the total uncontrolled organic HAP emissions...

40 CFR 63.5890 - How do I calculate an organic HAP emissions factor to demonstrate compliance for continuous...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Testing and Initial Compliance... per year Oc=controlled oven organic HAP emissions, lbs per year R=total usage of neat resin plus, tpy G=total usage of neat gel coat plus, tpy (b) Averaging option. Use Equation 2 of this section to...

40 CFR 63.2354 - What performance tests, design evaluations, and performance evaluations must I conduct?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., appendix A, to determine compliance with the organic HAP or TOC emission limit, you may use EPA Method 18... formaldehyde control efficiency as a surrogate for total organic HAP or TOC efficiency, or at the outlet of a...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Continuous Process Vents

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vent a. Not applicable i. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet process concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions through a closed-vent...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 5 Table 5 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Continuous Process Vents

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart FFFF... continuous process vent a. Not applicable i. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet process concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions through a...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Continuous Process Vents

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vent a. Not applicable i. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98 percent by weight or to an outlet process concentration ≤20 ppmv as organic HAP or TOC by venting emissions through a closed-vent...

Frequency of hospital acquired pneumonia and its microbiological etiology in medical intensive care unit.

PubMed

Imran, Muhammad; Amjad, Alina; Haidri, Fakhir Raza

2016-01-01

The objectives were to assess the frequency of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and to determine the frequencies of different etiological organisms in these patients. This was descriptive cross sectional study, which was carried out in medical ICU of Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from January 2013 to January 2014. A total of 1866 patients were admitted in the department of medicine including medical ICU. They were evaluated for HAP and the causative organisms were cultured from these patients. Identification was carried out by standard biochemical profile of the organisms. The total number of patients admitted in medical ICU for any reason were 346. HAP was diagnosed in 88 patients (25.4%). The average age of patients admitted in Medical ICU with HAP was 48 years with the range of 16 to 82 years. 56 were male and 32 females. 42 patients (47.7%) died in medical ICU with HAP. Microbiological analysis showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 27 (30.6%), Acinetobacter spp. were 12 (13.6%), Candida albicans were 12 (13.6%), Klebsiellapneumoniae were 9 (10.2%), Streptococcus spp. were 9 (10.2%), Escherichia coli were 5 (5.6%), Stenotrophomonas spp. were 4(4.5%), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) were 4 (4.5%) others organisms 6 (6.8%). The frequency of HAP in Medical ICU of our hospital is 88 out of 346 (25.4%). The commonest organism identified was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.6%) followed by Acinetobacter and Candida albican (13.6% each).

40 CFR 63.7941 - How do I conduct a performance test, design evaluation, or other type of initial compliance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... vent; Ei, Eo = Mass rate of total organic compounds (TOC) (minus methane and ethane) or total HAP, from... reduction for all affected process vents, percent Ei = Mass rate of TOC (minus methane and ethane) or total... uncontrolled vents, as calculated in this section, kilograms TOC per hour or kilograms HAP per hour; Eo = Mass...

40 CFR 63.4720 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...; and if applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according... determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.4751(e)(4); the calculation of the total... certification or audit. (vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for zero (low-level) and...

40 CFR 63.115 - Process vent provisions-methods and procedures for process vent group determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 2 process vent definition of this subpart shall measure either total organic HAP or TOC... either TOC (minus methane and ethane) or organic HAP shall be calculated according to paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A) or (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section as applicable. (A) The TOC concentration (CTOC) is the sum of...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Storage Tanks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63—Emission Limits for.... Reduce total HAP emissions by ≥95 percent by weight or to ≤20 ppmv of TOC or organic HAP and ≤20 ppmv of...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Operating Limits for EGUs

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-mercury HAP metals (total HAP metals, for liquid oil-fired units), or individual non-mercury HAP metals... demonstrating compliance with the filterable PM, total non-mercury HAP metals (total HAP metals, for liquid oil-fired units), or individual non-mercury HAP metals (individual HAP metals including Hg, for liquid oil...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Uuuuu of... - Operating Limits for EGUs

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-mercury HAP metals (total HAP metals, for liquid oil-fired units), or individual non-mercury HAP metals... demonstrating compliance with the filterable PM, total non-mercury HAP metals (total HAP metals, for liquid oil-fired units), or individual non-mercury HAP metals (individual HAP metals including Hg, for liquid oil...

40 CFR 63.772 - Test methods, compliance procedures, and compliance demonstrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conduct a performance test to determine percent emission reduction or outlet organic HAP or TOC... intervals in time, such as 15-minute intervals during the run. (B) The mass rate of either TOC (minus... either TOC (minus methane and ethane) or total HAP at the inlet of the control device (Ei) may be...

40 CFR 63.1282 - Test methods, compliance procedures, and compliance demonstrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... organic HAP or TOC concentration when a flare is used. (3) For a performance test conducted to demonstrate... intervals in time, such as 15-minute intervals during the run. (B) The mass rate of either TOC (minus... either TOC (minus methane and ethane) or total HAP at the inlet of the control device (Ei) may be...

40 CFR 63.3531 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and... coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. m = Number of...,j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter. Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg...

40 CFR 63.4151 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of... coating per liter coating. Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg... thinner per liter thinner. Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg organic HAP per kg...

40 CFR 63.3531 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and... coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. m = Number of...,j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter. Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg...

40 CFR 63.3531 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and... coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. m = Number of...,j = Density of thinner, j, kg per liter. Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg...

40 CFR 63.4151 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of... coating per liter coating. Wc,i = mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg... thinner per liter thinner. Wt,j = mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg organic HAP per kg...

40 CFR 63.5749 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... solvents, kilograms of HAP per liter of total coating solids from aluminum primers, top coats, and clear... = volume of aluminum primer, top coat, or clear coat i used in the past 12 months, liters. Solidsi= solids content aluminum primer, top coat, or clear coat i, liter solids per liter of coating. (b) Compliance is...

40 CFR 63.5749 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... solvents, kilograms of HAP per liter of total coating solids from aluminum primers, top coats, and clear... = volume of aluminum primer, top coat, or clear coat i used in the past 12 months, liters. Solidsi= solids content aluminum primer, top coat, or clear coat i, liter solids per liter of coating. (b) Compliance is...

40 CFR 63.5749 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... solvents, kilograms of HAP per liter of total coating solids from aluminum primers, top coats, and clear... = volume of aluminum primer, top coat, or clear coat i used in the past 12 months, liters. Solidsi = solids content aluminum primer, top coat, or clear coat i, liter solids per liter of coating. (b) Compliance is...

40 CFR 63.4741 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... compliant material option. If the mass fraction of organic HAP of a coating equals zero, determined... fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified...

40 CFR 63.4141 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the compliant material option. If the mass fraction of organic HAP of a coating equals zero... fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified...

40 CFR 63.4141 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the compliant material option. If the mass fraction of organic HAP of a coating equals zero... fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified...

40 CFR 63.4741 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... compliant material option. If the mass fraction of organic HAP of a coating equals zero, determined... fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Dddd of... - Performance Testing and Initial Compliance Demonstrations for the Compliance Options and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Table 1B to this subpart Reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, by 90 percent Total HAP... 1B to this subpart Limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, to 20 ppmvd The average total HAP...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Dddd of... - Performance Testing and Initial Compliance Demonstrations for the Compliance Options and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Table 1B to this subpart Reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, by 90 percent Total HAP... 1B to this subpart Limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, to 20 ppmvd The average total HAP...

40 CFR 63.3951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... reclaimed. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of... coating per liter coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.3981, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is...

40 CFR 63.4321 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... dyeing or finishing material with a mass fraction of organic HAP that exceeds the applicable emission... fraction of organic HAP for each material. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each... (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use...

40 CFR 63.4321 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... dyeing or finishing material with a mass fraction of organic HAP that exceeds the applicable emission... fraction of organic HAP for each material. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each... (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use...

40 CFR 63.3951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... reclaimed. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of... coating per liter coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.3981, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is...

40 CFR 63.3951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... reclaimed. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of... coating per liter coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.3981, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is...

40 CFR 63.3531 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... be performed with either metric or English units. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and thinner used during each... thinner, j, kg per liter. Wt,j = Mass fraction of organic HAP in thinner, j, kg organic HAP per kg thinner...

40 CFR 63.4961 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... controlled coating operation during the compliance period, kg. AI = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings... the controlled coating operation in Equation 1D of this section. ER23MY03.028 Where: AI = Total mass...

40 CFR 63.4961 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... controlled coating operation during the compliance period, kg. AI = Total mass of organic HAP in the coatings... the controlled coating operation in Equation 1D of this section. ER23MY03.028 Where: AI = Total mass...

40 CFR 63.2520 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical... from streams that contain energetics and organic peroxides, and rationale for why meeting the emission... lb/yr, the total uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the batch process vents in an MCPU will be...

40 CFR 63.5796 - What are the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart, and how are they...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5796 What are the organic HAP... emissions factors. Equations are available for each open molding operation and centrifugal casting operation... incorporated in the facility's air emissions permit and are based on actual facility HAP emissions test data...

40 CFR 63.5796 - What are the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart, and how are they...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5796 What are the organic HAP... emissions factors. Equations are available for each open molding operation and centrifugal casting operation... incorporated in the facility's air emissions permit and are based on actual facility HAP emissions test data...

40 CFR 63.5796 - What are the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart, and how are they...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5796 What are the organic HAP... emissions factors. Equations are available for each open molding operation and centrifugal casting operation... incorporated in the facility's air emissions permit and are based on actual facility HAP emissions test data...

Hydroxyapatite-based sorbents: elaboration, characterization and application for the removal of catechol from the aqueous phase.

PubMed

Sebei, Haroun; Pham Minh, Doan; Lyczko, Nathalie; Sharrock, Patrick; Nzihou, Ange

2017-10-01

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is highly considered as good sorbent for the removal of metals from the aqueous phase. However, soluble metals co-exist with organic pollutants in wastewaters. But little work has been devoted to investigate the reactivity of HAP for the removal of organic compounds. The main objective of this work is to study the reactivity of HAP-based sorbents for the removal of catechol as a model organic pollutant from an aqueous solution. Thus, HAP sorbents were firstly synthesized using calcium carbonate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate under moderate conditions (25-80°C, atmospheric pressure). A zinc-doped HAP was also used as sorbent, which was obtained from the contact of HAP with an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate. All the sorbents were characterized by different standard physico-chemical techniques. The sorption of catechol was carried out in a batch reactor under stirring at room temperature and pressure. Zinc-doped HAP sorbent was found to be more reactive than non-doped HAP sorbents for the fixation of catechol. The highest sorption capacity was of 15 mg of C per gram of zinc-doped HAP sorbent. The results obtained suggest the reaction scheme of HAP sorbents with metals and organic pollutants when HAP sorbents were used for the treatment of complex wastewaters.

Volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in laboratory ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and organic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass emission factors were determined from laboratory peat fire experiments. Peat samples originated from two wildlife reserves located near the coast of North Carolina, U.S. Gas and particulate organics were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by high pressure liquid chromatography. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) accounted for a large fraction (~60 %) of the speciated VOC emissions from peat burning, including large contributions of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and chloromethane. Speciated organic PM2.5 mass was dominated by the following compound classes: organic acids, levoglucosan, n-alkanes, and n-alkenes. Emission factors for PM2.5 organic acids including n-alkanoic acids, n-alkenoic acids, n-alkanedioic acids, and aromatic acids were reported for the first time for peat burning, representing the largest fraction of organic carbon (OC) mass (11-12 %) of all speciated compound classes measured in this work. Levoglucosan contributed 2-3 % of the OC mass, while methoxyphenols represented 0.2-0.3 % of the OC mass on a carbon mass basis. Retene was the most abundant particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Total HAP VOC and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions from a 2008 peat wildfire in North Carolina were estimated, suggesting that peat fires can contribute a large fraction of state-wide HAP emissions. This p

Study on the removal of organic micropollutants from aqueous and ethanol solutions by HAP membranes with tunable hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.

PubMed

He, Junyong; Li, Yulian; Cai, Xingguo; Chen, Kai; Zheng, Hejing; Wang, Chengming; Zhang, Kaisheng; Lin, Dongyue; Kong, Lingtao; Liu, Jinhuai

2017-05-01

A biocompatible and uniquely defined hydroxyapatite (HAP) adsorption membrane with a sandwich structure was developed for the removal of organic micropollutants for the first time. Both the adsorption and membrane technique were used for the removal of organic micropollutants. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the HAP adsorbent and membrane were tunable by controlling the surface structure of HAP. The adsorption of organic micropollutants on the HAP adsorbent was studied in batch experiments. The adsorption process was fit with the Freundlich model, while the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The HAP membrane could remove organic micropollutants effectively by dynamic adsorption in both aqueous and ethanol solutions. The removal efficiencies of organic micropollutants depended on the solution composition, membrane thickness and hydrophilicity, flow rate, and the initial concentration of organic micropollutants. The adsorption capacities of the HAP membrane with a sandwich structure (membrane thickness was 0.3 mm) were 6700, 6510, 6310, 5960, 5490, 5230, 4980 and 4360 L m -2 for 1-naphthyl amine, 2-naphthol, bisphenol S, propranolol hydrochloride, metolachlor, ethinyl oestradiol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and bisphenol A, respectively, when the initial concentration was 3.0 mg L -1 . The biocompatible HAP adsorption membrane can be easily regenerated by methanol and was thus demonstrated to be a novel concept for the removal of organic micropollutants from both aqueous and organic solutions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.3511 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... calculation results for each rolling 12-month organic HAP emission rate during the 6-month reporting period... organic HAP, and the dates and time periods each was used. (ii) The calculation of the organic HAP content... coating suppliers or manufacturers, or test reports). (iii) The determination of mass fraction of organic...

40 CFR Table 20 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... uncontrolled emissions of total organic compounds (TOC) or nonmethane TOC from your process vent by 98 percent... of TOC or nonmethane TOC; or maintaining a TOC or nonmethane TOC concentration of not more than 20...

40 CFR 63.4311 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-on controls, or the organic HAP overall control efficiency compliance option for web coating/printing... emission rate with add-on controls option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP concentration option and there were no periods during which the continuous...

40 CFR 63.654 - Heat exchange systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... section. (1) All heat exchangers that are in organic HAP service within the heat exchange system that...., the heat exchange system does not contain any heat exchangers that are in organic HAP service as... exchange system in organic HAP service or from each heat exchanger exit line for each heat exchanger or...

40 CFR 63.654 - Heat exchange systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... section. (1) All heat exchangers that are in organic HAP service within the heat exchange system that...., the heat exchange system does not contain any heat exchangers that are in organic HAP service as... exchange system in organic HAP service or from each heat exchanger exit line for each heat exchanger or...

40 CFR 63.4310 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP and mass fraction of solids for one coating or printing formulation including thinning materials, mass fraction of organic HAP for one cleaning material and mass fraction of organic HAP for all of the regulated materials as purchased...

40 CFR 63.4130 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of... period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material...

40 CFR 63.4130 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of... period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material...

40 CFR 63.4310 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP and mass fraction of solids for one coating or printing formulation including thinning materials, mass fraction of organic HAP for one cleaning material and mass fraction of organic HAP for all of the regulated materials as purchased...

40 CFR 63.4310 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP and mass fraction of solids for one coating or printing formulation including thinning materials, mass fraction of organic HAP for one cleaning material and mass fraction of organic HAP for all of the regulated materials as purchased...

40 CFR 63.4130 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of... period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Wwww of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emissions Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... open molding and centrifugal casting operations a. an organic HAP emissions limit shown in Tables 3 or... method meet the appropriate organic HAP contents. 2. open molding centrifugal casting, continuous... reduction is being claimed, are using direct die injection, and/or wet-area enclosures that meet the...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Wwww of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emissions Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... open molding and centrifugal casting operations a. an organic HAP emissions limit shown in Tables 3 or... method meet the appropriate organic HAP contents. 2. open molding centrifugal casting, continuous... reduction is being claimed, are using direct die injection, and/or wet-area enclosures that meet the...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Wwww of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emissions Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... open molding and centrifugal casting operations a. an organic HAP emissions limit shown in Tables 3 or... method meet the appropriate organic HAP contents. 2. open molding centrifugal casting, continuous... reduction is being claimed, are using direct die injection, and/or wet-area enclosures that meet the...

40 CFR 63.4541 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... no thinner and/or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP as determined... organic HAP content of coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials that are... volatile matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic HAP. For reactive adhesives...

40 CFR 63.4541 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... no thinner and/or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP as determined... organic HAP content of coatings, thinners and/or other additives, and cleaning materials that are... volatile matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic HAP. For reactive adhesives...

40 CFR 63.4551 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR... organic HAP in coating, i, kg organic HAP per kg coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.4581... reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.4581, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is emitted as...

40 CFR 63.4751 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... rate without add-on controls option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during each... of coating, i, grams coating per liter coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i...

40 CFR 63.4310 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... according to § 63.4321(e)(1) or (2). You do not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP and mass fraction of solids for one coating or printing formulation including thinning materials, mass fraction of organic HAP for one cleaning material and mass fraction of organic HAP for all...

40 CFR 63.3930 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating... coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction... rather than a record of the volume used. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each...

40 CFR 63.4751 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... rate without add-on controls option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material. Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during each... of coating, i, grams coating per liter coating. Wc,i = Mass fraction of organic HAP in coating, i...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ppp of... - Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol... CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions for Polyether Polyols Production Pt. 63, Subpt. PPP, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63—Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol...

40 CFR 63.5753 - How do I calculate the combined organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents and aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents and aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? 63.5753...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5753 How do I calculate the combined organic HAP content of...

40 CFR 63.5753 - How do I calculate the combined organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents and aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents and aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? 63.5753...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5753 How do I calculate the combined organic HAP content of...

Volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in laboratory peat fire emissions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

George, Ingrid J.; Black, Robert R.; Geron, Chris D.; Aurell, Johanna; Hays, Michael D.; Preston, William T.; Gullett, Brian K.

2016-05-01

In this study, volatile and semi-volatile organic compound (VOCs and SVOCs) mass emission factors were determined from laboratory peat fire experiments. The peat samples originated from two National Wildlife Refuges on the coastal plain of North Carolina, U.S.A. Gas- and particle-phase organic compounds were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by high pressure liquid chromatography. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) accounted for a large fraction (∼60%) of the speciated VOC emissions from peat burning, including large contributions of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, and chloromethane. In the fine particle mass (PM2.5), the following organic compound classes were dominant: organic acids, levoglucosan, n-alkanes, and n-alkenes. Emission factors for the organic acids in PM2.5 including n-alkanoic acids, n-alkenoic acids, n-alkanedioic acids, and aromatic acids were reported for the first time for peat burning, representing the largest fraction of organic carbon (OC) mass (11-12%) of all speciated compound classes measured in this work. Levoglucosan contributed to 2-3% of the OC mass, while methoxyphenols represented 0.2-0.3% of the OC mass on a carbon mass basis. Retene was the most abundant particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Total HAP VOC and particulate PAH emissions from a 2008 peat wildfire in North Carolina were estimated, suggesting that peat fires can contribute a large fraction of state-wide HAP emissions.

40 CFR 63.3370 - How do I demonstrate compliance with the emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... equivalent allowable organic HAP (Equation 13a or b of § 63.3370). (4) Use of a capture system and control... control devices (i) Average equivalent organic HAP emission rate does not exceed 0.2 kg organic HAP per kg... material applied on the web coating line or group of web coating lines controlled by a common control...

40 CFR 63.3370 - How do I demonstrate compliance with the emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... equivalent allowable organic HAP (Equation 13a or b of § 63.3370). (4) Use of a capture system and control... control devices (i) Average equivalent organic HAP emission rate does not exceed 0.2 kg organic HAP per kg... material applied on the web coating line or group of web coating lines controlled by a common control...

40 CFR 63.3370 - How do I demonstrate compliance with the emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equivalent allowable organic HAP (Equation 13a or b of § 63.3370). (4) Use of a capture system and control... control devices (i) Average equivalent organic HAP emission rate does not exceed 0.2 kg organic HAP per kg... material applied on the web coating line or group of web coating lines controlled by a common control...

40 CFR 63.3151 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... paragraph (d) of this section. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used during the compliance period by... 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the...

40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to... reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to...

40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to... reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to...

40 CFR 63.3490 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 1 to... reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the limit(s) in Table 3 to this subpart... must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the emission limit(s) in Table 2 to...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ppp of... - Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Production Pt. 63, Subpt. PPP, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63—Known Organic HAP From Polyether...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ppp of... - Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Polyether Polyols Production Pt. 63, Subpt. PPP, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63—Known Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ppp of... - Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... Polyether Polyols Production Pt. 63, Subpt. PPP, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63—Known Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ppp of... - Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol Products 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Pt. 63, Subpt. PPP, Table 4 Table 4 to Subpart PPP of Part 63—Known Organic HAP From Polyether Polyol...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. UUU, Table 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. UUU, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. UUU, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. UUU, Table 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. UUU, Table 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL..., Subpt. UUU, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking...

40 CFR 63.117 - Process vent provisions-reporting and recordkeeping requirements for group and TRE determinations...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... period of the performance testing. (ii) For an incinerator, the percent reduction of organic HAP or TOC... organic HAP or TOC (parts per million by volume, by compound) determined as specified in § 63.116(c) of... fuel and is not mixed with the primary fuel, the percent reduction of organic HAP or TOC, or the...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Mmm of... - Standards for New and Existing PAI Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TOC. Processes having uncontrolled HCl and chlorine emissions ≥6.8 Mg/yr 94% for HCl and chlorine per... November 10, 1997 98% gaseous organic HAP control per vent or ≤20 ppmv TOC outlet limit. New: Processes having uncontrolled organic HAP emissions ≥0.15 Mg/yr 98% for organic HAP per process or ≤20 ppmv TOC...

40 CFR Table 16 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 9 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 16 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 16 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment..., Subpt. UUU, Table 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From...

40 CFR Table 16 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment..., Subpt. UUU, Table 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From...

40 CFR Table 9 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment..., Subpt. UUU, Table 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From...

40 CFR Table 9 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 9 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment..., Subpt. UUU, Table 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From...

40 CFR Table 9 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 9 Table 9 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 16 to Subpart Uuu of... - Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 16 Table 16 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Operating Limits for Organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Storage Tanks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HAP emissions by ≥95 percent by weight or to ≤20 ppmv of TOC or organic HAP and ≤20 ppmv of hydrogen... ≥95 percent by weight or to ≤20 ppmv of TOC or organic HAP and ≤20 ppmv of hydrogen halide and halogen...

40 CFR 65.66 - Recordkeeping provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... applicable criteria in table 1 to this subpart shall record the organic HAP or TOC concentration as measurement using the sampling site and HAP or TOC concentration determination procedures specified in § 65.64... to § 65.63(f). (2) If the process vent is Group 2B on the basis of organic HAP or TOC concentration...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Oooo of... - Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... may choose any one of the following limits:Reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere by achieving... atmosphere to no more than 0.08 kg of organic HAP per kg of solids applied; or If you use an oxidizer to... emissions to the atmosphere by achieving at least a 97 percent organic HAP overall control efficiency; Limit...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Oooo of... - Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... may choose any one of the following limits:Reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere by achieving... atmosphere to no more than 0.08 kg of organic HAP per kg of solids applied; or If you use an oxidizer to... emissions to the atmosphere by achieving at least a 97 percent organic HAP overall control efficiency; Limit...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart G of... - Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater... Operations, and Wastewater Pt. 63, Subpt. G, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63—Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources Chemical name CAS No. a Allyl chloride...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart G of... - Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater... Operations, and Wastewater Pt. 63, Subpt. G, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63—Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources Chemical name CAS No. a Allyl chloride...

40 CFR 63.1413 - Compliance demonstration procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HAP concentration. (iii) For a carbon adsorption system that regenerates the carbon bed directly... organic compound concentration level, adsorption cycle time, number and capacity of carbon beds, type and working capacity of activated carbon used for carbon beds, design total regeneration stream mass or...

Evolutionary history of the HAP2/GCS1 gene and sexual reproduction in metazoans.

PubMed

Steele, Robert E; Dana, Catherine E

2009-11-03

The HAP2/GCS1 gene first appeared in the common ancestor of plants, animals, and protists, and is required in the male gamete for fusion to the female gamete in the unicellular organisms Chlamydomonas and Plasmodium. We have identified a HAP2/GCS1 gene in the genome sequence of the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica. This finding provides a continuous evolutionary history of HAP2/GCS1 from unicellular organisms into the metazoan lineage. Divergent versions of the HAP2/GCS1 gene are also present in the genomes of some but not all arthropods. By examining the expression of the HAP2/GCS1 gene in the cnidarian Hydra, we have found the first evidence supporting the hypothesis that HAP2/GCS1 was used for male gamete fusion in the ancestor of extant metazoans and that it retains that function in modern cnidarians.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Oooo of... - Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operations You may choose any one of the following limits:Reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere by... atmosphere to no more than 0.08 kg of organic HAP per kg of solids applied; or If you use an oxidizer to... emissions to the atmosphere by achieving at least a 97 percent organic HAP overall control efficiency; Limit...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Oooo of... - Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operations You may choose any one of the following limits:Reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere by... atmosphere to no more than 0.08 kg of organic HAP per kg of solids applied; or If you use an oxidizer to... emissions to the atmosphere by achieving at least a 97 percent organic HAP overall control efficiency; Limit...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Oooo of... - Emission Limits for New or Reconstructed and Existing Affected Sources in the Printing, Coating...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operations You may choose any one of the following limits:Reduce organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere by... atmosphere to no more than 0.08 kg of organic HAP per kg of solids applied; or If you use an oxidizer to... emissions to the atmosphere by achieving at least a 97 percent organic HAP overall control efficiency; Limit...

40 CFR 63.5798 - What if I want to use, or I manufacture, an application technology (new or existing) whose...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open... organic HAP emissions test data obtained using EPA test methods or their equivalent. The emission test data should be obtained using a range of resin or gel coat HAP contents to demonstrate the...

40 CFR 63.5798 - What if I want to use, or I manufacture, an application technology (new or existing) whose...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open... organic HAP emissions test data obtained using EPA test methods or their equivalent. The emission test data should be obtained using a range of resin or gel coat HAP contents to demonstrate the...

40 CFR 63.5798 - What if I want to use, or I manufacture, an application technology (new or existing) whose...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open... organic HAP emissions test data obtained using EPA test methods or their equivalent. The emission test data should be obtained using a range of resin or gel coat HAP contents to demonstrate the...

40 CFR 63.5753 - How do I calculate the combined organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents and aluminum...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents and aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? 63.5753...) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5753 How do I calculate the combined organic HAP content of...

40 CFR 63.1566 - What are my requirements for organic HAP emissions from catalytic reforming units?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) through (ii) of this section: (i) You can elect to vent emissions of total organic compounds (TOC) to a... a TOC or nonmethane TOC percent reduction standard or concentration limit, whichever is less... TOC using Equation 1 of this section (if you use Method 25) or Equation 2 of this section (if you use...

40 CFR 63.129 - Transfer operations provisions-reporting and recordkeeping for performance tests and notification...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or TOC achieved by the control device determined as specified in § 63.128(a) of this subpart, or the concentration of total organic HAP or TOC (parts per million by volume, by compound) determined as specified in...

40 CFR 63.11965 - What are my general compliance requirements for wastewater?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements for wastewater? 63.11965 Section 63.11965 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... general compliance requirements for wastewater? (a) The concentration of vinyl chloride and total non-vinyl chloride organic HAP in each process wastewater stream containing greater than the limits...

40 CFR 63.11965 - What are my general compliance requirements for wastewater?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements for wastewater? 63.11965 Section 63.11965 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... general compliance requirements for wastewater? (a) The concentration of vinyl chloride and total non-vinyl chloride organic HAP in each process wastewater stream containing greater than the limits...

40 CFR 63.11965 - What are my general compliance requirements for wastewater?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements for wastewater? 63.11965 Section 63.11965 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... general compliance requirements for wastewater? (a) The concentration of vinyl chloride and total non-vinyl chloride organic HAP in each process wastewater stream containing greater than the limits...

Effects of low molecular weight organic acids on the immobilization of aqueous Pb(II) using phosphate rock and different crystallized hydroxyapatite.

PubMed

Wei, Wei; Cui, Jing; Wei, Zhenggui

2014-06-01

Understanding the effects of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the transformation of Pb(II) to geochemically stable pyromorphite (PY) by apatite materials (AMs), has considerable benefits for risk assessment and remediation strategies for contaminated water and soil. In this study, we systematically investigated the immobilization of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by natural phosphate rock (PR) and different crystallized hydroxyapatite (HAp) in the absence and presence of LMWOAs (oxalic, malic and citric acids). The results indicated that the effectiveness of PR and HAp in immobilizing Pb(II) followed in descending order by HAp2 (the poorly crystallized HAp), HAp1 (the well crystallized HAp) and PR, regardlessof the presence of LMWOAs. The presence of malic and citric acids significantly decreased the immobilizationefficiency of Pb(II) by HAp1 and PR, clarifying the lower adsorption affinities of Pb(II)-organic acid complexes on HAp1 and PR rather than Pb(II) ion. On thecontrary, oxalic acid could markedly enhance the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by HAp1 and PR through the formation of lead oxalate, which was confirmed by FT-IR and XRDanalysis. Results also showed that LMWOAs had little promoting or inhibiting effect on the immobilization of Pb(II) by HAp2. This study suggested that the ubiquity of LMWOAs in natural environments could retard the transformation efficiency of Pb(II) to PY by AMs, especiallyin thepresenceof oxalic acid, and the poorly crystallized HAp2 had great potential to remediate Pb(II)-contaminated water and soil due to its insusceptibility to LMWOAs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... reconstructed affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a by 97 percent; orb. limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a to 20 ppmvd at the control device outlet and use a PTE. 2. in an existing affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... reconstructed affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a by 97 percent; orb. limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a to 20 ppmvd at the control device outlet and use a PTE. 2. in an existing affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... reconstructed affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a by 97 percent; orb. limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a to 20 ppmvd at the control device outlet and use a PTE. 2. in an existing affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a by 97 percent; orb. limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a to 20 ppmvd at the control device outlet and use a PTE. 2. in an existing affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Emission Limits for Affected Sources Using the Control Efficiency/Outlet Concentration Compliance...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a by 97 percent; orb. limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon), a to 20 ppmvd at the control device outlet and use a PTE. 2. in an existing affected source a. reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon...

40 CFR 63.3370 - How do I demonstrate compliance with the emission standards?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or group of web coating lines controlled by a common control device during the month. (vi) If... monthly HAP applied (Equation 6 of § 63.3370) is less than the calculated equivalent allowable organic HAP (Equation 13a or b of § 63.3370). (4) Use of a capture system and control device (i) Overall organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.5796 - What are the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart, and how are they...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5796 What are the organic HAP emissions... factors. Equations are available for each open molding operation and centrifugal casting operation and... incorporated in the facility's air emissions permit and are based on actual facility HAP emissions test data...

40 CFR 63.5796 - What are the organic HAP emissions factor equations in Table 1 to this subpart, and how are they...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5796 What are the organic HAP emissions... factors. Equations are available for each open molding operation and centrifugal casting operation and... incorporated in the facility's air emissions permit and are based on actual facility HAP emissions test data...

40 CFR 63.3941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... § 63.3890 and must use no thinner and/or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP... organic HAP. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to... part, rather than Method 24. You may use the volatile fraction that is emitted, as measured by the...

40 CFR 63.3941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... § 63.3890 and must use no thinner and/or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP... organic HAP. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to... part, rather than Method 24. You may use the volatile fraction that is emitted, as measured by the...

40 CFR 63.3941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... § 63.3890 and must use no thinner and/or other additive, or cleaning material that contains organic HAP... organic HAP. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to... part, rather than Method 24. You may use the volatile fraction that is emitted, as measured by the...

Investigating an organ-targeting platform based on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using a novel in situ method of radioactive ¹²⁵Iodine labeling.

PubMed

Ignjatović, Nenad; Vranješ Djurić, Sanja; Mitić, Zarko; Janković, Drina; Uskoković, Dragan

2014-10-01

In this study, we have investigated the synthesis of nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite coated with chitosan (HAp/Ch) and the chitosan-poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide polymer blend (HAp/Ch-PLGA) as an organ-targeting system. We have examined and defined the final destination, as well as the dynamics and the pathways of the synthesized particles following intravenous administration in vivo. The XRD, ZP, FT-IR and SEM analyses have confirmed that the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with d50=72 nm are coated with polymers. Radioactive 125-Iodine ((125)I), a low energy gamma emitter, was used to develop a novel in situ method for the radiolabeling of particles and investigation of their biodistribution. (125)I-labeled particles exhibited high stability in saline and serum over the second day, which justified their use in the following in vivo studies. The biodistribution of (125)I-labeled particles after intravenous injection in rats differed significantly: HAp particles mostly targeted the liver, HAp/Ch the spleen and the liver, while HAp/Ch-PLGA targeted the lungs. Twenty-four hours post injection, HAp particles were excreted completely, while both (125)I-HAp/Ch and (125)I-HAp/Ch-PLGA were retained in the body for a prolonged period of time with more than 20% of radioactivity still found in different organs. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Applicability of canisters for sample storage in the determination of hazardous air pollutants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelly, Thomas J.; Holdren, Michael W.

This paper evaluates the applicability of canisters for storage of air samples containing volatile organic compounds listed among the 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments. Nearly 100 HAPs have sufficient vapor pressure to be considered volatile compounds. Of those volatile organic HAPs, 52 have been tested previously for stability during storage in canisters. The published HAP stability studies are reviewed, illustrating that for most of the 52 HAPs tested, canisters are an effective sample storage approach. However, the published stability studies used a variety of canister types and test procedures, and generally considered only a few compounds in a very small set of canisters. A comparison of chemical and physical properties of the HAPs has also been conducted, to evaluate the applicability of canister sampling for other HAPs, for which canister stability testing has never been conducted. Of 45 volatile HAPs never tested in canisters, this comparison identifies nine for which canisters should be effective, and 17 for which canisters are not likely to be effective. For the other 19 HAPs, no clear decision can be reached on the likely applicability of air sample storage in canisters.

40 CFR 63.105 - Maintenance wastewater requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry... wastewaters containing those organic HAP's listed in table 9 of subpart G of this part. (b) The owner or... will be followed to properly manage the wastewater and control organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere...

40 CFR 63.105 - Maintenance wastewater requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Synthetic Organic Chemical... for maintenance wastewaters containing those organic HAP's listed in table 9 of subpart G of this part... procedures that will be followed to properly manage the wastewater and control organic HAP emissions to the...

40 CFR 63.105 - Maintenance wastewater requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Synthetic Organic Chemical... for maintenance wastewaters containing those organic HAP's listed in table 9 of subpart G of this part... procedures that will be followed to properly manage the wastewater and control organic HAP emissions to the...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ooo of... - Known Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) From the Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (HAP) From the Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins 2 Table 2 to Subpart OOO of Part 63 Protection of... Pollutant Emissions: Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins Pt. 63, Subpt. OOO, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart OOO of Part 63—Known Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) From the Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ooo of... - Known Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) From the Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (HAP) From the Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins 2 Table 2 to Subpart OOO of Part 63 Protection of... Pollutant Emissions: Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins Pt. 63, Subpt. OOO, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart OOO of Part 63—Known Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) From the Manufacture of Amino/Phenolic Resins...

24 CFR 983.203 - HAP contract information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false HAP contract information. 983.203... DEVELOPMENT PROJECT-BASED VOUCHER (PBV) PROGRAM Housing Assistance Payments Contract § 983.203 HAP contract information. The HAP contract must specify: (a) The total number of contract units by number of bedrooms; (b...

Hazardous Air Pollutant Free Replacement for Specification A-A-1936A Contact Adhesive

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-01

volatile organic compound (VOC). Six alternative low-HAP or HAP-free commercial adhesives were evaluated using high-pressure decorative plastic laminate... compounds (VOCs) (5). The HAPs are petroleum distillate, n-hexane, and toluene. Also, this product contains cyclohexane (VOC), and acetone (HAP and...vinyl, drywall , wood, and plywood (19). This product contains toluene HAP/VOC at 1–5 wt.% (20). 4 3. Experimental Method 3.1 Edge Lift Test

40 CFR 63.750 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test methods and procedures. 63.750...) National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities § 63.750 Test methods and... period as part of an ambient ozone control program. (1)(i) Determine the total organic HAP weight...

40 CFR 63.750 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test methods and procedures. 63.750...) National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities § 63.750 Test methods and... period as part of an ambient ozone control program. (1)(i) Determine the total organic HAP weight...

40 CFR 63.750 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test methods and procedures. 63.750...) National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities § 63.750 Test methods and... period as part of an ambient ozone control program. (1)(i) Determine the total organic HAP weight...

40 CFR 63.750 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 10 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test methods and procedures. 63.750...) National Emission Standards for Aerospace Manufacturing and Rework Facilities § 63.750 Test methods and... period as part of an ambient ozone control program. (1)(i) Determine the total organic HAP weight...

40 CFR 63.7947 - What are my monitoring alternatives?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...). (3) You must conduct a performance evaluation of the CEMS according to the requirements in § 63.8 and Performance Specification 8 (for a total organic emissions CEMS) or Performance Specification 9 (for a HAP...? 63.7947 Section 63.7947 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Dddd of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HAP as THC compliance option measure emissions of total HAP as THC Method 25A in appendix A to 40 CFR... subtract the methane emissions from the emissions of total HAP as THC. (6) each process unit subject to a... § 63.2240(c) establish the site-specific operating requirements (including the parameter limits or THC...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Dddd of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HAP as THC compliance option measure emissions of total HAP as THC Method 25A in appendix A to 40 CFR... subtract the methane emissions from the emissions of total HAP as THC. (6) each process unit subject to a... § 63.2240(c) establish the site-specific operating requirements (including the parameter limits or THC...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Dddd of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HAP as THC compliance option measure emissions of total HAP as THC Method 25A in appendix A to 40 CFR... subtract the methane emissions from the emissions of total HAP as THC. (6) each process unit subject to a... § 63.2240(c) establish the site-specific operating requirements (including the parameter limits or THC...

40 CFR 63.5340 - How do I determine the allowable HAP loss?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... select the appropriate HAP emission limit, expressed in pounds of HAP loss per 1,000 square feet of... months. Next, determine the annual total of leather processed in 1,000's of square feet for each product... Total of Leather Processed = 1,000's of square feet of leather processed in the previous 12 months in...

40 CFR 63.5340 - How do I determine the allowable HAP loss?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... select the appropriate HAP emission limit, expressed in pounds of HAP loss per 1,000 square feet of... months. Next, determine the annual total of leather processed in 1,000's of square feet for each product... Total of Leather Processed = 1,000's of square feet of leather processed in the previous 12 months in...

Household air pollution and personal exposure to air pollutants in rural China - A review.

PubMed

Du, Wei; Li, Xinyue; Chen, Yuanchen; Shen, Guofeng

2018-06-01

Solid fuels, an important source of severe Household Air Pollution (HAP) linked to many adverse health outcomes, has been widely consumed around the world. China consumes large amounts of solid fuels and suffers from serious indoor and outdoor air pollution. Though global HAP issues had been reviewed in previous literatures, peer-reviewed Chinese publications were seldom included in those reviews. We conducted a literature review on the studies of HAP and personal exposure in rural China with inputs from peer-reviewed publications in both English and Chinese. A total of 36,572 articles were retrieved, 294 were read in full text, of which 92 were included in final data extraction and in-depth analysis. Although HAP is a very serious issue in China, studies on either HAP or personal exposure assessment were very limited. From existing studies, levels of air pollutants including carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM), organic carbon, elemental carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc., in indoor and ambient air were analyzed for their temporal and spatial variations, and the differences across different fuel types were compared. The studies showed that PM and PAHs levels in most rural homes exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese National Standards, especially during the heating season in northern China. Replacing traditional fuels with cleaner ones (such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), biogas or electricity) was considered as the most appropriate way to mitigate HAP. The daily exposure to PM and PAHs from using LPG, biogas or electricity was considerably lower than that from using traditional solid fuels. However, the level was still higher than the guideline values for PM and PAHs set by WHO to protect human health. To achieve a more effective control, the current data gap need to be closed and suggestions for future research were discussed in this review. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.4293 - What work practice standards must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... option, the organic HAP overall control efficiency option, or the oxidizer outlet organic HAP... must be conveyed from one location to another in closed containers or pipes. (4) Mixing vessels which...

Hydroxyapatite/collagen bone-like nanocomposite.

PubMed

Kikuchi, Masanori

2013-01-01

Our group has succeeded to synthesize material with bone-like nanostructure and bone-like inorganic and organic composition via self-organization mechanism between them using simultaneous titration method under controlled pH and temperature. The hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) bone-like nanocomposite completely incorporated into bone remodeling process to be substituted by new bone. Cells cultured on the HAp/Col revealed very interesting reactions. Osteoblast-like MG63 cells showed upregulation of alkaline phosphatase >3 times greater than MG63 cells cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). MG63 cells 3-dimensionally cultured in a "HAp/Col sponge," a porous HAp/Col having sponge-like viscoelasticity, accumulated calcium phosphate nodules on extracellular matrices they secreted. Bone marrow cells co-cultured with osteoblasts on HAp/Col differentiated to osteoclasts without differentiation supplements. This phenomenon is not found in cells cultured on hydroxyapatite ceramics and TCPS, and rarely in cells cultured on dentin. These results suggest that HAp/Col is a good candidate for tissue engineering of bone as well as bone filler. In a clinical test as a bone filler, the HAp/Col sponge was significantly better than porous β-tricalcium phosphate. The HAp/Col sponge has been approved by the Japanese government and will be used as greatly needed bone filler in patients. In addition to the above, HAp/Col coating on titanium revealed higher osteo-conductivity than HAp-coated titanium and bare titanium and improved direct bonding between titanium and newly formed bone. The HAp/Col coating may be used for metal devices requiring osseointegration.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Zzzzz of... - Performance Test Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources Classified as Large Foundries

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... . . According to the followingrequirements. . . 1. Each metal melting furnace subject to a PM or total metal HAP... metal HAP performance test. iv. For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample PM or total metal HAP only during times when the cupola is on blast. v. For electric arc and electric induction metal melting...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Zzzzz of... - Performance Test Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources Classified as Large Foundries

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... . . According to the followingrequirements. . . 1. Each metal melting furnace subject to a PM or total metal HAP... metal HAP performance test. iv. For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample PM or total metal HAP only during times when the cupola is on blast. v. For electric arc and electric induction metal melting...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Zzzzz of... - Performance Test Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources Classified as Large Foundries

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... . . According to the followingrequirements. . . 1. Each metal melting furnace subject to a PM or total metal HAP... metal HAP performance test. iv. For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample PM or total metal HAP only during times when the cupola is on blast. v. For electric arc and electric induction metal melting...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Zzzzz of... - Performance Test Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources Classified as Large Foundries

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... . . According to the followingrequirements. . . 1. Each metal melting furnace subject to a PM or total metal HAP... metal HAP performance test. iv. For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample PM or total metal HAP only during times when the cupola is on blast. v. For electric arc and electric induction metal melting...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Zzzzz of... - Performance Test Requirements for New and Existing Affected Sources Classified as Large Foundries

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... . . According to the followingrequirements. . . 1. Each metal melting furnace subject to a PM or total metal HAP... metal HAP performance test. iv. For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample PM or total metal HAP only during times when the cupola is on blast. v. For electric arc and electric induction metal melting...

40 CFR 63.2465 - What requirements must I meet for process vents that emit hydrogen halide and halogen HAP or HAP...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Emission Limits, Work Practice Standards, and... the mass emission rate of HAP metals based on process knowledge, engineering assessment, or test data...

40 CFR 63.5797 - How do I determine the organic HAP content of my resins and gel coats?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal... material manufacturer, such as manufacturer's formulation data and material safety data sheets (MSDS...

40 CFR 63.5797 - How do I determine the organic HAP content of my resins and gel coats?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal... material manufacturer, such as manufacturer's formulation data and material safety data sheets (MSDS...

40 CFR 63.5797 - How do I determine the organic HAP content of my resins and gel coats?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and... the material manufacturer, such as manufacturer's formulation data and material safety data sheets...

40 CFR 63.5797 - How do I determine the organic HAP content of my resins and gel coats?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and... the material manufacturer, such as manufacturer's formulation data and material safety data sheets...

40 CFR 65.67 - Reporting provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., organic HAP or TOC concentration, and/or TRE index value required under § 65.63(f) and recorded under § 65... 2B process vent, the organic HAP or TOC concentration of the vent stream is recalculated according to...

40 CFR 63.4690 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than the applicable emission... 63.4761. (b) For an existing affected source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere...

40 CFR 63.5340 - How do I determine the allowable HAP loss?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... appropriate HAP emission limit, expressed in pounds of HAP loss per 1,000 square feet of leather processed... the annual total of leather processed in 1,000's of square feet for each product process operation in... of square feet of leather processed in the previous 12 months in product process operation “i”. HAP...

40 CFR 63.5340 - How do I determine the allowable HAP loss?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... appropriate HAP emission limit, expressed in pounds of HAP loss per 1,000 square feet of leather processed... the annual total of leather processed in 1,000's of square feet for each product process operation in... of square feet of leather processed in the previous 12 months in product process operation “i”. HAP...

The Haemophilus influenzae Hap autotransporter mediates microcolony formation and adherence to epithelial cells and extracellular matrix via binding regions in the C-terminal end of the passenger domain.

PubMed

Fink, Doran L; Buscher, Amy Z; Green, Bruce; Fernsten, Phillip; St Geme, Joseph W

2003-03-01

The pathogenesis of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae disease begins with colonization of the nasopharynx and is facilitated by bacterial adherence to respiratory mucosa. The H. influenzae Hap autotransporter is a non-pilus adhesin that promotes adherence to epithelial cells and selected extracellular matrix proteins and mediates bacterial aggregation and microcolony formation. In addition, Hap has serine protease activity. Hap contains a 110 kDa internal passenger domain called HapS and a 45 kDa C-terminal translocator domain called Hapbeta. In the present study, we sought to define the structural basis for Hap adhesive activities. Based on experiments using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against HapS, a deletion derivative lacking most of HapS and a purified fragment of HapS, we established that adherence to epithelial cells is mediated by sequences within the C-terminal 311 residues of HapS. In additional experiments, we discovered that bacterial aggregation is also mediated by sequences within the C-terminal 311 residues of HapS and occurs via HapS-HapS interaction between molecules on neighbouring organisms. Finally, we found that adherence to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV is mediated in part by sequences within the C-terminal 311 residues of HapS and in full by sequences within the C-terminal 511 residues of HapS. Taken together, these results demonstrate that all Hap adhesive activities reside in the C-terminal portion of HapS. Coupled with earlier observations, the current results establish that HapS adhesive activities and HapS protease activity are contained in separate modules of the protein.

40 CFR 63.5545 - What are my monitoring installation, operation, and maintenance requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... measure organic HAP emissions; and (iv) PS-15 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix B, for CEMS that use Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to measure organic HAP emissions. (2) You must conduct a performance...

40 CFR 63.3511 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e... in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e)(3); the calculation of the total volume of coating... CPMS certification or audit. (vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for zero...

40 CFR 63.3511 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... applicable, the calculation used to determine mass of organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e... in waste materials according to § 63.3531(e)(3); the calculation of the total volume of coating... CPMS certification or audit. (vi) The date and time that each CPMS was inoperative, except for zero...

40 CFR 63.1349 - Performance testing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...)(1). (4)(i) THC CEMS relative accuracy test. (A) If you are subject to limitations on THC emissions... CEMS, the THC span value (as propane) is 50 ppmvd. You demonstrate compliance with a RATA when the... conducting the performance test for total organic HAP, you must also determine THC emissions by operating a...

40 CFR 63.1349 - Performance testing requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...)(1). (4)(i) THC CEMS relative accuracy test. (A) If you are subject to limitations on THC emissions... CEMS, the THC span value (as propane) is 50 ppmvd. You demonstrate compliance with a RATA when the... conducting the performance test for total organic HAP, you must also determine THC emissions by operating a...

Peat Water Purification by Hydroxyapatite (HAp) Synthesized from Waste Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) Shells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fajri Alif, Matlal; Aprillia, Wandha; Arief, Syukri

2018-01-01

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) were synthesized from Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) sheels by hydrothermal method and used as adsorbent for peat water purification. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of various factors such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH. The obtained materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that HAP calcined at 900°C (HAP900) and 1000°C (HAP1000) have a poorly crystalline shape. HAP900 also contain Tetracalsium Phosphate (TTCP) with a Ca/P molar ratio 2.18, while HAP 1000 contain HAp with a Ca/P molar ratio 1.67. Optimum condition for peat water purification with HAP900 and HAP1000 were both achieved at 1 hours, 1 grams adsorben mass at pH 2. SEM micrographs show that after purification, the surface of HAP were covered by organic compounds from peat water.

Variability of hazardous air pollutants in an urban area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spicer, Chester W.; Buxton, Bruce E.; Holdren, Michael W.; Smith, Deborah L.; Kelly, Thomas J.; Rust, Steven W.; Pate, Alan D.; Sverdrup, George M.; Chuang, Jane C.

The variability of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is an important factor in determining human exposure to such chemicals, and in designing HAP measurement programs. This study has investigated the factors which contribute to HAP variability in an urban area. Six measurement sites separated by up to 12 km collected data with 3 h time resolution to examine spatial variability within neighborhoods and between neighborhoods. The measurements were made in Columbus, OH. The 3 h results also were used to study temporal variability, and duplicate samples collected at each site were used to determine the component of variability attributable to the measurement process. Hourly samples collected over 10 days at one site provided further insight into the temporal resolution needed to capture short-term peak concentrations. Measurements at the 6 spatial sites focused on 78 chemicals. Twenty-three of these species were found in at least 95% of the 3 h samples, and 39 chemicals were present at least 60% of the time. The relative standard deviations for most of these 39 frequently detected chemicals was 1.0 or lower. Variability was segmented into temporal, spatial, and measurement components. Temporal variation was the major contributor to HAP variability for 19 of the 39 frequently detected compounds, based on the 3 h data. Measurement imprecision contributed less than 25% for most of the volatile organic species, but 30% or more of the variability for carbonyl compounds, trace elements, and particle-bound extractable organic mass. Interestingly, the spatial component contributed less than 20% of the total variability for all the chemicals except sulfur. Based on the data with hourly resolution, peak to median ratios (hourly peak to 24 h median) averaged between 2 and 4 for most of the volatile organic compounds, but there were two species with peak to median ratios of about 10.

40 CFR 63.5749 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the past 12 months, liters. Dj= density of aluminum wipedown solvent j, kilograms per liter. Wj= mass fraction of organic HAP in aluminum wipedown solvent j. m = number of different aluminum surface coatings...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart U of... - Known Organic HAP Emitted From the Production of Elastomer Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... products] Organic HAP/Chemical name (CAS No.) Elastomer product/subcategory BR EPI EPR HYP NEO NBL NBR PBR.... NEO = Neoprene. NBL = Nitrile Butadiene Latex. NBR = Nitrile Butadiene Rubber. PBR/SBRS...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart U of... - Known Organic HAP Emitted From the Production of Elastomer Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... products] Organic HAP/Chemical name (CAS No.) Elastomer product/subcategory BR EPI EPR HYP NEO NBL NBR PBR.... NEO = Neoprene. NBL = Nitrile Butadiene Latex. NBR = Nitrile Butadiene Rubber. PBR/SBRS...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart U of... - Known Organic HAP Emitted From the Production of Elastomer Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... products] Organic HAP/Chemical name (CAS No.) Elastomer product/subcategory BR EPI EPR HYP NEO NBL NBR PBR.... NEO = Neoprene. NBL = Nitrile Butadiene Latex. NBR = Nitrile Butadiene Rubber. PBR/SBRS...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart U of... - Known Organic HAP Emitted From the Production of Elastomer Products

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... products] Organic HAP/Chemical name (CAS No.) Elastomer product/subcategory BR EPI EPR HYP NEO NBL NBR PBR.... NEO = Neoprene. NBL = Nitrile Butadiene Latex. NBR = Nitrile Butadiene Rubber. PBR/SBRS...

40 CFR 63.4730 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of..., and cleaning material used during each compliance period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic...

40 CFR 63.4730 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of..., and cleaning material used during each compliance period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic...

40 CFR 63.4730 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of..., and cleaning material used during each compliance period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic...

40 CFR 63.4730 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning... mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of..., and cleaning material used during each compliance period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Ffff of... - Requirements for Equipment Leaks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical... equipment leaks: For all . . . And that is part of . . . You must . . . 1. Equipment that is in organic HAP... as specified in § 63.2480(c) and (d). 2. Equipment that is in organic HAP service at a new source a...

Leaching of Cu, Cd, Pb, and phosphorus and their availability in the phosphate-amended contaminated soils under simulated acid rain.

PubMed

Cui, Hongbiao; Zhang, Shiwen; Li, Ruyan; Yi, Qitao; Zheng, Xuebo; Hu, Youbiao; Zhou, Jing

2017-09-01

Phosphate amendments have been used to immobilize heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, phosphate amendments contain large amounts of phosphorus, which could leach out to potentially contaminate groundwater and surface water. A laboratory column leaching experiment was designed to study the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the potential release of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and phosphorus (P), and their availability after immobilizing with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP). The application of HAP and PDP enhanced the leachate electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, and pH. Higher P was found in the PDP- (>4.29 mg L -1 ) and HAP-treated (>1.69 mg L -1 ) columns than that in untreated (<0.2 mg L -1 ) columns, and they were both over the class V limit (0.4 mg L -1 ) mandated by the Chinese National Quality Standards for Surface Waters (GB 3838-2002). PDP application decreased the leachate Cu, Pb, and Cd effectively; however, HAP addition increased leachate Cu and Pb. HAP and PDP applications decreased the soil CaCl 2 -extractable and exchangeable fraction of Cu, Pb, and Cd, and increased resin P. However, eluviations transformed the heavy metals from inactive to active fractions and reduced soil labile P. These findings showed that HAP and PDP had a potential risk of excessive P-induced eutrophication. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the leaching loss of multiple metals because phosphate amendments might promote the leaching of some metals while immobilizing others.

40 CFR 63.4322 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... which the mass fraction of organic HAP, determined according to the requirements of § 63.4321(e)(1)(iv... which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart...

40 CFR 63.4322 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... which the mass fraction of organic HAP, determined according to the requirements of § 63.4321(e)(1)(iv... which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart...

40 CFR 63.4322 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... which the mass fraction of organic HAP, determined according to the requirements of § 63.4321(e)(1)(iv... which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart...

40 CFR 63.4322 - How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... which the mass fraction of organic HAP, determined according to the requirements of § 63.4321(e)(1)(iv... which the mass fraction of organic HAP exceeded the applicable emission limit in Table 1 to this subpart...

40 CFR 63.1325 - Batch process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the gas stream...), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.1325 - Batch process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the gas stream...), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.1325 - Batch process vents-performance test methods and procedures to determine compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Cj=Average inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP component j of the gas stream...), where standard temperature is 20 °C. Cj=Inlet or outlet concentration of TOC or sample organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.4090 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than 0.13 kilogram per liter (kg/liter) (1.1 pound per... affected source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than 0.022 kg/liter (0...

40 CFR 63.4090 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than 0.13 kilogram per liter (kg/liter) (1.1 pound per... affected source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than 0.022 kg/liter (0...

40 CFR 63.4090 - What emission limits must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than 0.13 kilogram per liter (kg/liter) (1.1 pound per... affected source, you must limit organic HAP emissions to the atmosphere to no more than 0.022 kg/liter (0...

Concentrations, sources and human health risk of inhalation exposure to air toxics in Edmonton, Canada.

PubMed

Bari, Md Aynul; Kindzierski, Warren B

2017-04-01

With concern about levels of air pollutants in recent years in the Capital Region of Alberta, an investigation of ambient concentrations, sources and potential human health risk of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) or air toxics was undertaken in the City of Edmonton over a 5-year period (2009-2013). Mean concentrations of individual HAPs in ambient air including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals ranged from 0.04 to 1.73 μg/m 3 , 0.01-0.54 ng/m 3 , and 0.05-3.58 ng/m 3 , respectively. Concentrations of benzene, naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), arsenic, manganese and nickel were far below respective annual Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of air toxics were also compared with risk levels recommended by regulatory agencies. Positive matrix factorization identified six air toxics sources with traffic as the dominant contributor to total HAPs (4.33 μg/m 3 , 42%), followed by background/secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (1.92 μg/m 3 , 25%), fossil fuel combustion (0.92 μg/m 3 , 11%). On high particulate air pollution event days, local traffic was identified as the major contributor to total HAPs compared to background/SOA and fossil fuel combustion. Carcinogenic risk values of traffic, background/SOA and metals industry emissions were above the USEPA acceptable level (1 × 10 -6 ), but below a tolerable risk (1 × 10 -4 ) and Alberta benchmark (1 × 10 -5 ). These findings offer useful preliminary information about current ambient air toxics levels, dominant sources and their potential risk to public health; and this information can support policy makers in the development of appropriate control strategies if required. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.447 - Clean condensate alternative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from the Pulp and Paper Industry § 63.447 Clean condensate... HAP emissions reductions achieved by this clean condensate alternative technology are equal to or... technology with a continuous monitoring system to reduce total HAP emissions by treating and reducing HAP...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Batch Process Vents

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Pollutants: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart FFFF... Group 1 batch process vents a. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all... a flare); or Not applicable. b. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Wwww of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emissions Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic... organic HAP emissions limit . . . You have demonstrated initial complianceif . . . 1. open molding and... contents. 2. open molding centrifugal casting, continuous lamination/casting, SMC and BMC manufacturing...

National review of ambient air toxics observations.

PubMed

Strum, Madeleine; Scheffe, Richard

2016-02-01

Ambient air observations of hazardous air pollutant (HAPs), also known as air toxics, derived from routine monitoring networks operated by states, local agencies, and tribes (SLTs), are analyzed to characterize national concentrations and risk across the nation for a representative subset of the 187 designated HAPs. Observations from the National Air Toxics Trend Sites (NATTS) network of 27 stations located in most major urban areas of the contiguous United States have provided a consistent record of HAPs that have been identified as posing the greatest risk since 2003 and have also captured similar concentration patterns of nearly 300 sites operated by SLTs. Relatively high concentration volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, formaldehyde, and toluene exhibit the highest annual average concentration levels, typically ranging from 1 to 5 µg/m(3). Halogenated (except for methylene chloride) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and metals exhibit concentrations typically 2-3 orders of magnitude lower. Formaldehyde is the highest national risk driver based on estimated cancer risk and, nationally, has not exhibited significant changes in concentration, likely associated with the large pool of natural isoprene and formaldehyde emissions. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and 1,3-butadiene are ubiquitous VOC HAPs with large mobile source contributions that continue to exhibit declining concentrations over the last decade. Common chlorinated organic compounds such as ethylene dichloride and methylene chloride exhibit increasing concentrations. The variety of physical and chemical attributes and measurement technologies across 187 HAPs result in a broad range of method detection limits (MDLs) and cancer risk thresholds that challenge confidence in risk results for low concentration HAPs with MDLs near or greater than risk thresholds. From a national monitoring network perspective, the ability of the HAPs observational database to characterize the multiple pollutant and spatial scale patterns influencing exposure is severely limited and positioned to benefit by leveraging a variety of emerging measurement technologies. Ambient air toxics observation networks have limited ability to characterize the broad suite of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that affect exposures across multiple spatial scales. While our networks are best suited to capture major urban-scale signals of ubiquitous volatile organic compound HAPs, incorporation of sensing technologies that address regional and local-scale exposures should be pursued to address major gaps in spatial resolution. Caution should be exercised in interpreting HAPs observations based on data proximity to minimum detection limit and risk thresholds.

40 CFR Appendix - Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC Manufacturing Operations Where the Standards Are... CATEGORIES National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites..., Table 5 Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC...

Electric field-assisted formation of organically modified hydroxyapatite (ormoHAP) spheres in carboxymethylated gelatin gels.

PubMed

Heinemann, C; Heinemann, S; Kruppke, B; Worch, H; Thomas, J; Wiesmann, H P; Hanke, T

2016-10-15

A biomimetic strategy was developed in order to prepare organically modified hydroxyapatite (ormoHAP) with spherical shape. The technical approach is based on electric field-assisted migration of calcium ions and phosphate ions into a hydrogel composed of carboxymethylated gelatin. The electric field as well as the carboxymethylation using glucuronic acid (GlcA) significantly accelerates the mineralization process, which makes the process feasible for lab scale production of ormoHAP spheres and probably beyond. A further process was developed for gentle separation of the ormoHAP spheres from the gelatin gel without compromising the morphology of the mineral. The term ormoHAP was chosen since morphological analyses using electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and element analysis (EDX, FT-IR, XRD) confirmed that carboxymethylated gelatin molecules use to act as organic templates for the formation of nanocrystalline HAP. The hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals self-organize to form hollow spheres with diameters ranging from 100 to 500nm. The combination of the biocompatible chemical composition and the unique structure of the nanocomposites is considered to be a useful basis for future applications in functionalized degradable biomaterials. A novel bioinspired mineralization process was developed based on electric field-assisted migration of calcium and phosphate ions into biochemically carboxymethylated gelatin acting as organic template. Advantages over conventional hydroxyapatite include particle size distribution and homogeneity as well as achievable mechanical properties of relevant composites. Moreover, specifically developed calcium ion or phosphate ion release during degradation can be useful to adjust the fate of bone cells in order to manipulate remodeling processes. The hollow structure of the spheres can be useful for embedding drugs in the core, encapsulated by the highly mineralized outer shell. In this way, controlled drug release could be achieved, which enables advanced strategies for threating bone-related diseases, e.g. osteoporosis and multiple myeloma. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

In situ X-ray scattering evaluation of heat-induced ultrastructural changes in dental tissues and synthetic hydroxyapatite

PubMed Central

Sui, Tan; Sandholzer, Michael A.; Lunt, Alexander J. G.; Baimpas, Nikolaos; Smith, Andrew; Landini, Gabriel; Korsunsky, Alexander M.

2014-01-01

Human dental tissues consist of inorganic constituents (mainly crystallites of hydroxyapatite, HAp) and organic matrix. In addition, synthetic HAp powders are frequently used in medical and chemical applications. Insights into the ultrastructural alterations of skeletal hard tissues exposed to thermal treatment are crucial for the estimation of temperature of exposure in forensic and archaeological studies. However, at present, only limited data exist on the heat-induced structural alterations of human dental tissues. In this paper, advanced non-destructive small- and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) synchrotron techniques were used to investigate the in situ ultrastructural alterations in thermally treated human dental tissues and synthetic HAp powders. The crystallographic properties were probed by WAXS, whereas HAp grain size distribution changes were evaluated by SAXS. The results demonstrate the important role of the organic matrix that binds together the HAp crystallites in responding to heat exposure. This is highlighted by the difference in the thermal behaviour between human dental tissues and synthetic HAp powders. The X-ray analysis results are supported by thermogravimetric analysis. The results concerning the HAp crystalline architecture in natural and synthetic HAp powders provide a reliable basis for deducing the heating history for dental tissues in the forensic and archaeological context, and the foundation for further development and optimization of biomimetic material design. PMID:24718447

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Batch Process Vents

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vents a. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents... applicable. b. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Batch Process Vents

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Manufacturing Pt. 63, Subpt. FFFF, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart FFFF of Part 63... vents a. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents... applicable. b. Reduce collective uncontrolled organic HAP emissions from the sum of all batch process vents...

40 CFR 63.5767 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... by an add-on control device (i.e., you are complying with organic HAP content limits, application...-average organic HAP content as determined in § 63.5749. (d) If your facility has an add-on control device... malfunction events; control device performance tests; and continuous monitoring system performance evaluations. ...

40 CFR 63.5767 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... by an add-on control device (i.e., you are complying with organic HAP content limits, application...-average organic HAP content as determined in § 63.5749. (d) If your facility has an add-on control device... malfunction events; control device performance tests; and continuous monitoring system performance evaluations. ...

40 CFR 63.3930 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... manufacturer's formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.4312 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... manufacturer's formulation data or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials; and the mass fraction of solids for coating and printing materials. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.3930 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... manufacturer's formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.4312 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... manufacturer's formulation data or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for coating, printing, slashing, dyeing, finishing, thinning, and cleaning materials; and the mass fraction of solids for coating and printing materials. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.3512 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or... and thinner used during each compliance period. (e) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for... suppliers or manufacturers, such as manufacturer's formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass...

40 CFR 63.3930 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... manufacturer's formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Bbbbb of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Semiconductor... necessary. 2. Process vent stream a. Measure organic and inorganic HAP concentration (two method option) i... simultaneous sampling at inlet and outlet of control device and analyze for same organic and inorganic HAP at...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Bbbbb of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Semiconductor... necessary. 2. Process vent stream a. Measure organic and inorganic HAP concentration (two method option) i... simultaneous sampling at inlet and outlet of control device and analyze for same organic and inorganic HAP at...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Wwww of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emissions Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... organic HAP emissions limit . . . You have demonstrated initial complianceif . . . 1. open molding and... contents. 2. open molding centrifugal casting, continuous lamination/casting, SMC and BMC manufacturing... die injection, and/or wet-area enclosures that meet the criteria of § 63.5830. 6. pultrusion...

40 CFR 63.494 - Back-end process provisions-residual organic HAP and emission limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... producing butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin elastomer, neoprene, and nitrile butadiene rubber shall not exceed... processes at affected sources producing butyl rubber, epichlorohydrin elastomer, neoprene, and nitrile... submitted in accordance with § 63.499(f)(1). (i) For butyl rubber, the organic HAP emission limitation shall...

40 CFR 63.746 - Standards: Depainting operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... filter system, three-stage filter system, or other control system equivalent to the three-stage filter... section, and with the requirements specified in paragraph (b) where there are no controls for organic HAP, or paragraph (c) where organic HAP are controlled using a control system. This section does not apply...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Vvvv of... - Default Organic HAP Contents of Petroleum Solvent Groups

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Boat... content, percent by mass Typical organic HAP, percent by mass Aliphatic (Mineral Spirits 135, Mineral...

PARAMETRIC EVALUATION OF VOC/HAP (VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS-HAZARDOUS/TOXIC AIR POLLUTANTS) DESTRUCTION VIA CATALYTIC INCINERATION

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes the use of a pilot-scale catalytic incineration unit/solvent generation system to investigate the effectiveness of catalytic incineration as a way to destroy volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous/toxic air pollutants (HAPs). Objectives of the study ...

The Haemophilus influenzae Hap Autotransporter Binds to Fibronectin, Laminin, and Collagen IV

PubMed Central

Fink, Doran L.; Green, Bruce A.; St. Geme III, Joseph W.

2002-01-01

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract mucosa. NTHI disease frequently occurs in the context of respiratory tract inflammation, where organisms encounter damaged epithelium and exposed basement membrane. In this study, we examined interactions between the H. influenzae Hap adhesin and selected extracellular matrix proteins. Hap is an autotransporter protein that undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage, with release of the adhesive passenger domain, Haps, from the bacterial cell surface. We found that Hap promotes bacterial adherence to purified fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV and that Hap-mediated adherence is enhanced by inhibition of autoproteolysis. Adherence is inhibited by pretreatment of bacteria with a polyclonal antiserum recognizing Haps. Purified Haps binds with high affinity to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV but not to collagen II. Binding of Haps to fibronectin involves interaction with the 45-kDa gelatin-binding domain but not the 30-kDa heparin-binding domain of fibronectin. Taken together, these observations suggest that interactions between Hap and extracellular matrix proteins may play an important role in NTHI colonization of the respiratory tract. PMID:12183535

40 CFR 63.3941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR... organic HAP. For reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to... reactive adhesives in which some of the HAP react to form solids and are not emitted to the atmosphere, you...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98... through a closed-vent system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce....982(d) and the requirements referenced therein; or d. Use a vapor balancing system designed and...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98... through a closed-vent system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce....982(d) and the requirements referenced therein; or d. Use a vapor balancing system designed and...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits and Work Practice Standards for Transfer Racks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... each . . . You must . . . 1. Group 1 transfer rack a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by ≥98... through a closed-vent system to any combination of control devices (except a flare); or b. Reduce....982(d) and the requirements referenced therein; or d. Use a vapor balancing system designed and...

40 CFR 63.494 - Back-end process provisions-residual organic HAP and emission limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... be measured after the stripping operation (or the reactor(s), if the plant has no stripper(s)), as... operation (or the reactor(s), if the plant has no stripper(s)). The limitation shall be calculated and... = Controlled emissions in 2009, Mg/yr P2009 = Total elastomer product leaving the stripper in 2009, Mg/yr...

40 CFR 63.494 - Back-end process provisions-residual organic HAP and emission limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... be measured after the stripping operation (or the reactor(s), if the plant has no stripper(s)), as... operation (or the reactor(s), if the plant has no stripper(s)). The limitation shall be calculated and... = Controlled emissions in 2009, Mg/yr P2009 = Total elastomer product leaving the stripper in 2009, Mg/yr...

40 CFR Table 19 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance With Organic...

40 CFR Table 13 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous Compliance With Organic...

40 CFR Table 12 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance With Organic...

40 CFR Table 12 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance With Organic...

40 CFR Table 13 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous Compliance With Organic...

40 CFR Table 20 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous Compliance With Organic...

40 CFR 63.4910 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., accuracy, and completeness of the report. Such certifications must also comply with the requirements of 40... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one... mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an allowance in...

40 CFR 63.822 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the MSDS meets the data requirements of § 63.827(b) and (c). The purpose of the CPDS is to assist the... weight-fraction, kg/kg. (4) Chij=the organic HAP content of solvent j, added to solids-containing material i, expressed as a weight-fraction, kg/kg. (5) Chj=the organic HAP content of solvent j, expressed...

40 CFR 63.5749 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... content of aluminum wipedown solvents? 63.5749 Section 63.5749 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5749 How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum wipedown solvents? (a) Use equation 1 of this section to calculate...

40 CFR 63.4910 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii... mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an allowance in...

40 CFR 63.3512 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating and thinner and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction...) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and thinner used during each...

40 CFR 63.3512 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating and thinner and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction...) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and thinner used during each...

40 CFR 63.4530 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.4510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner and/or other additive, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Mass fraction of coating solids... required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials...

40 CFR 63.824 - Standards: Publication rotogravure printing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....000 For the purposes of this calculation, the mass fraction of organic HAP present in the recovered volatile matter is assumed to be equal to the mass fraction of organic HAP present in the volatile matter... section: (i) Perform a liquid-liquid material balance for each month as follows: (A) Measure the mass of...

40 CFR 63.4530 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.4510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner and/or other additive, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Mass fraction of coating solids... required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials...

40 CFR 63.4710 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating, one thinner, and one... is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.4910 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii... mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an allowance in...

40 CFR 63.824 - Standards: Publication rotogravure printing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....000 For the purposes of this calculation, the mass fraction of organic HAP present in the recovered volatile matter is assumed to be equal to the mass fraction of organic HAP present in the volatile matter... section: (i) Perform a liquid-liquid material balance for each month as follows: (A) Measure the mass of...

40 CFR 63.3512 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating and thinner and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction...) A record of the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating and thinner used during each...

40 CFR 63.4710 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating, one thinner, and one... is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.4530 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... formulation data, or test data used to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner and/or other additive, and cleaning material, and the mass fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.4910 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii... mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an allowance in...

40 CFR 63.4510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner and/or other additive, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Mass fraction of coating solids... required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials...

40 CFR 63.4510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner and/or other additive, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Mass fraction of coating solids... required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials...

40 CFR 63.4710 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating, one thinner, and one... is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.4371 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... wiper blades. Thus, it includes any cleaning material used in the web coating and printing subcategory... process operation run at atmospheric pressure would be a different operating scenario from the same dyeing process operation run under pressure. Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of solids...

40 CFR 63.4371 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... wiper blades. Thus, it includes any cleaning material used in the web coating and printing subcategory... process operation run at atmospheric pressure would be a different operating scenario from the same dyeing process operation run under pressure. Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of solids...

40 CFR 63.4371 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... wiper blades. Thus, it includes any cleaning material used in the web coating and printing subcategory... process operation run at atmospheric pressure would be a different operating scenario from the same dyeing process operation run under pressure. Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of solids...

40 CFR 63.4371 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... wiper blades. Thus, it includes any cleaning material used in the web coating and printing subcategory... process operation run at atmospheric pressure would be a different operating scenario from the same dyeing process operation run under pressure. Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of solids...

40 CFR 63.4371 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... wiper blades. Thus, it includes any cleaning material used in the web coating and printing subcategory... process operation run at atmospheric pressure would be a different operating scenario from the same dyeing process operation run under pressure. Organic HAP content means the mass of organic HAP per mass of solids...

40 CFR 63.4730 - What records must I keep?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to determine the mass fraction of organic HAP and density for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material and the volume fraction of coating solids for each coating. If you conducted testing to determine mass fraction of organic HAP, density, or volume fraction of coating solids, you must keep a copy of...

40 CFR Appendix - Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC Manufacturing Operations Where the Standards Are Based on a 95 Percent Reduction Requirement Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL...

40 CFR Appendix - Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC Manufacturing Operations Where the Standards Are Based on a 95 Percent Reduction Requirement Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL...

40 CFR 63.498 - Back-end process provisions-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the rubber leaving the stripper. (iv) The organic HAP content of... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the crumb rubber leaving the stripper. (iii) The hourly average of... test runs. (1) The uncontrolled residual organic HAP content in the latex or dry crumb rubber, as...

40 CFR 63.498 - Back-end process provisions-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the rubber leaving the stripper. (iv) The organic HAP content of... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the crumb rubber leaving the stripper. (iii) The hourly average of... test runs. (1) The uncontrolled residual organic HAP content in the latex or dry crumb rubber, as...

40 CFR 63.498 - Back-end process provisions-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the rubber leaving the stripper. (iv) The organic HAP content of... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the crumb rubber leaving the stripper. (iii) The hourly average of... test runs. (1) The uncontrolled residual organic HAP content in the latex or dry crumb rubber, as...

40 CFR 63.498 - Back-end process provisions-recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the rubber leaving the stripper. (iv) The organic HAP content of... be the crumb rubber dry weight of the crumb rubber leaving the stripper. (iii) The hourly average of... test runs. (1) The uncontrolled residual organic HAP content in the latex or dry crumb rubber, as...

40 CFR Appendix - Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC Manufacturing Operations Where the Standards Are Based on a 95 Percent Reduction Requirement Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL...

40 CFR 63.5830 - What are my options for meeting the standards for pultrusion operations subject to the 60 weight...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... standards for pultrusion operations subject to the 60 weight percent organic HAP emissions reductions... National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Options... operations subject to the 60 weight percent organic HAP emissions reductions requirement? You must use one or...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Rrrr of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart IIIi of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Rrrr of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart IIIi of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Nnnn of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Rrrr of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Rrrr of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Nnnn of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Oooo of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Nnnn of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Oooo of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing, Coating...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Oooo of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart IIIi of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Nnnn of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart IIIi of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart IIIi of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 7 to Subpart Kkkk of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Rrrr of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Oooo of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Printing, Coating...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Nnnn of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart IIIi of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Oooo of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Oooo of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 6 to Subpart Qqqq of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Mmmm of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Surface Coating...

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Pppp of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Solvents and Solvent Blends

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Nnnn of... - Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for Petroleum Solvent Groups a

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Default Organic HAP Mass Fraction for... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Surface Coating of...

Utility of the "harmless acute pancreatitis score" in predicting a non-severe course of acute pancreatitis: a pilot study in an Indian cohort.

PubMed

Talukdar, Rupjyoti; Sharma, Mithun; Deka, Ajit; Teslima, Sultana; Dev Goswami, Amal; Goswami, Arunima; Baro, Anup; Nageshwar Reddy, D

2014-07-01

Several severity predictors have been tested for assessing acute pancreatitis (AP). The recently described harmless acute pancreatitis score (HAPS) could be an ideal predictor for Indian patients at the community level. We validate this system in the current study. This was a prospective pilot study conducted at a tertiary center from July 2010 to December 2011. Consecutive directly admitted patients over 18 years with a documented first episode of AP were enrolled and followed for at least 12 months after discharge/till death. HAPS was defined as absence of rebound abdominal tenderness, serum creatinine of <2 mg/dL, and hematocrit of <43 for male and <39.6 for female patients at the time of admission; and it was considered positive if the patient fulfilled all three criteria. Study outcomes included total hospital stay, need for intensive care unit (ICU), ICU stay, development of local complications, organ failure, hospital-acquired infections (including infected necrosis), and in-hospital mortality. There were a total of 103 patients directly admitted with AP during the study period, out of which, 23 were excluded. Forty-seven (58.8 %) patients were positive for HAPS. Of these, 44 (93.6 %) had an eventual non-severe (mild) clinical course with odds ratio 17.6 (95 % CI 4.5-68.3). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and receiver operating characteristics area under the curve of HAPS as a predictor of non-severe disease were 76.3 (66.9-86.4), 85.7 (78.0-96.8), 93.8 (88.5-98.6), 56.6 (45.4-73.6), and 84.8 (76.9-92.7) respectively. This study validated the utility of HAPS for directly admitted patients with AP in India. Large-scale multicenter community-based studies need to be performed.

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Wwww of... - Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Existing Open Molding Sources, New Open Molding Sources Emitting...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Existing Open Molding Sources, New Open Molding Sources Emitting Less Than 100 TPY of HAP, and New and... CATEGORIES National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Reinforced Plastic Composites... Existing Open Molding Sources, New Open Molding Sources Emitting Less Than 100 TPY of HAP, and New and...

Bioinspired Ultralight Inorganic Aerogel for Highly Efficient Air Filtration and Oil-Water Separation.

PubMed

Zhang, Yong-Gang; Zhu, Ying-Jie; Xiong, Zhi-Chao; Wu, Jin; Chen, Feng

2018-04-18

Inorganic aerogels have been attracting great interest owing to their distinctive structures and properties. However, the practical applications of inorganic aerogels are greatly restricted by their high brittleness and high fabrication cost. Herein, inspired by the cancellous bone, we have developed a novel kind of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanowire-based inorganic aerogel with excellent elasticity, which is highly porous (porosity ≈ 99.7%), ultralight (density 8.54 mg/cm 3 , which is about 0.854% of water density), and highly adiabatic (thermal conductivity 0.0387 W/m·K). Significantly, the as-prepared HAP nanowire aerogel can be used as the highly efficient air filter with high PM 2.5 filtration efficiency. In addition, the HAP nanowire aerogel is also an ideal candidate for continuous oil-water separation, which can be used as a smart switch to separate oil from water continuously. Compared with organic aerogels, the as-prepared HAP nanowire aerogel is biocompatible, environmentally friendly, and low-cost. Moreover, the synthetic method reported in this work can be scaled up for large-scale production of HAP nanowires, free from the use of organic solvents. Therefore, the as-prepared new kind of HAP nanowire aerogel is promising for the applications in various fields.

Use of a crossed high alcohol preferring (cHAP) mouse model with the NIAAA-model of chronic-binge ethanol intake to study liver injury.

PubMed

Thompson, Kyle J; Nazari, Shayan S; Jacobs, W Carl; Grahame, Nicholas J; McKillop, Iain H

2017-11-01

This study sought to compare mice bred to preferentially consume high amounts of alcohol (crossed-high alcohol preferring, cHAP) to c57BL/6 (C57) mice using a chronic-binge ethanol ingestion model to induce alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Male C57 and cHAP mice were randomized to a Lieber-DeCarli control (LDC) diet, Lieber-DeCarli 5% (v/v) ethanol (LDE) diet or free-choice between 10% (v/v) ethanol in drinking water (EtOH-DW) and DW. After 4 weeks mice were gavaged with either 9 g/kg maltose-dextrin (LDC+MD) or 5 g/kg EtOH (LDE+Binge, EtOH-DW+Binge). Nine hours later tissue and serum were collected and analyzed. cHAP mice on EtOH-DW consumed significantly more ethanol than cHAP or C57 mice maintained on LDE. However, cHAP and C57 mice on the LDE+Binge regiment had greater hepatosteatosis and overall degree of liver injury compared to EtOH-DW+Binge. Changes in pro-inflammatory gene expression was more pronounced in cHAP mice than C57 mice. Analysis of liver enzymes revealed a robust induction of CYP2E1 in C57 and cHAP mice maintained on EtOH-DW+Binge or LDE+Binge. However, while C57 mice exhibited higher basal hepatic glutathione than cHAP mice, these mice appeared more susceptible to oxidative stress following LDE+Binge than cHAP counterparts. Despite cHAP mice consuming more total ethanol prior to gavage when maintained on EtOH-DW, LDE followed by gavage created a more severe model of ALD in both C57 and cHAP mice. These data suggest factors other than total amount of alcohol consumed affect degree of ALD development in the chronic-binge model in cHAP mice. cHAP mice voluntarily consume high amounts of ethanol and exhibited hepatic injury when subject to chronic-binge ethanol feeding with the Lieber-DeCarli diet. However, hepatic injury was reduced in cHAP mice in a chronic-binge model following voluntary high ethanol consumption in drinking water. © The Author 2017. Medical Council on Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Modeling the exposure functions of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in occupational environments.

PubMed

Petit, Pascal; Maître, Anne; Persoons, Renaud; Bicout, Dominique J

2017-04-15

The health risk assessment associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures faces three main issues: the lack of knowledge regarding occupational exposure mixtures, the accurate chemical characterization and the estimation of cancer risks. To describe industries in which PAH exposures are encountered and construct working context-exposure function matrices, to enable the estimation of both the PAH expected exposure level and chemical characteristic profile of workers based on their occupational sector and activity. Overall, 1729 PAH samplings from the Exporisq-HAP database (E-HAP) were used. An approach was developed to (i) organize E-HAP in terms of the most detailed unit of description of a job and (ii) structure and subdivide the organized E-HAP into groups of detailed industry units, with each group described by the distribution of concentrations of gaseous and particulate PAHs, which would result in working context-exposure function matrices. PAH exposures were described using two scales: phase (total particulate and gaseous PAH distribution concentrations) and congener (16 congener PAH distribution concentrations). Nine industrial sectors were organized according to the exposure durations, short-term, mid-term and long-term into 5, 36 and 47 detailed industry units, which were structured, respectively, into 2, 4, and 7 groups for the phase scale and 2, 3, and 6 groups for the congener scale, corresponding to as much distinct distribution of concentrations of several PAHs. For the congener scale, which included groups that used products derived from coal, the correlations between the PAHs were strong; for groups that used products derived from petroleum, all PAHs in the mixtures were poorly correlated with each other. The current findings provide insights into both the PAH emissions generated by various industrial processes and their associated occupational exposures and may be further used to develop risk assessment analyses of cancers associated with PAH mixtures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/graphene oxide hybrid and nanohydroxyapatite composite: A novel coating to prevent dentin erosion.

PubMed

Nahorny, Sídnei; Zanin, Hudson; Christino, Vinie Abreu; Marciano, Fernanda Roberta; Lobo, Anderson Oliveira; Soares, Luís Eduardo Silva

2017-10-01

To date is emergent the development of novel coatings to protect erosion, especially to preventive dentistry and restorative dentistry. Here, for the first time we report the effectiveness of multi-walled carbon nanotube/graphene oxide hybrid carbon-base material (MWCNTO-GO) combined with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) as a protective coating for dentin erosion. Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), scanning electron (SEM), and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy were used to investigated the coatings and the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF) treatment on bovine teeth root dentin before and after erosion. The electrochemical corrosion performance of the coating was evaluated. Raman spectra identified that: (i) the phosphate (ν 1 PO 4 3- ) content of dentin was not significantly affected by the treatments and (ii) the carbonate (ν 1 CO 3 2- ) content in dentin increased when nHAp was used. However, the nHAp/MWCNTO-GO composite exposited lower levels of organic matrix (CH bonds) after erosion compared to other treatments. Interesting, SEM micrographs identified that the nHAp/MWCNTO-GO formed layers after erosive cycling when associate with APF treatment, indicating a possible chemical bond among them. Treatments of root dentin with nHAp, MWCNTO-GO, APF_MWCNTO-GO, and APF_nHAp/MWCNTO-GO increased the carbonate content, carbonate/phosphate ratio, and organic matrix band area after erosion. The potentiodynamic polarization curves and Nyquist plot showed that nHAp, MWCNT-GO and nHAp/MWCNT-GO composites acted as protective agents against corrosion process. Clearly, the nHAp/MWCNTO-GO composite was stable after erosive cycling and a thin and acid-resistant film was formed when associated to APF treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.3951 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR... coating. For reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.3981, use the mass fraction of organic HAP that is... organic HAP per kg thinner and/or other additive. For reactive adhesives as defined in § 63.3981, use the...

40 CFR 63.5798 - What if I want to use, or I manufacture, an application technology (new or existing) whose...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and... description of the resin or gel coat application technology and supporting organic HAP emissions test data obtained using EPA test methods or their equivalent. The emission test data should be obtained using a...

40 CFR 63.5798 - What if I want to use, or I manufacture, an application technology (new or existing) whose...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and... description of the resin or gel coat application technology and supporting organic HAP emissions test data obtained using EPA test methods or their equivalent. The emission test data should be obtained using a...

40 CFR 63.4710 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...). You do not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating, for one thinner, and for one cleaning material. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating... and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste materials for which you are claiming an allowance...

40 CFR 63.4941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... material option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during the... 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.3510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating and for one thinner. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating... density is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.4941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... material option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during the... 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.3510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating and for one thinner. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating... density is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.3510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating and for one thinner. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating... density is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.3510 - What notifications must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... not need to submit copies of any test reports. (i) Mass fraction of organic HAP for one coating and for one thinner. (ii) Volume fraction of coating solids for one coating. (iii) Density for one coating... density is required. (iv) The amount of waste materials and the mass of organic HAP contained in the waste...

40 CFR 63.4941 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... material option. (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each coating, thinner, and cleaning material used during the... 311 (appendix A to 40 CFR part 63). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of...

40 CFR 65.63 - Performance and group status change requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... material or TOC by at least 98 weight-percent or to a concentration of less than 20 parts per million by... recalculate the TRE index value, flow, or TOC or organic hazardous air pollutant (HAP) concentration according.... Engineering assessments shall meet the specifications in § 65.64(i). (2) Concentration. The TOC or organic HAP...

40 CFR 63.7184 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Pollutants for Semiconductor Manufacturing Emission Standards § 63.7184 What emission limitations, operating... this section on and after the compliance dates specified in § 63.7183. (b) Process vents—organic HAP emissions. For each organic HAP process vent, other than process vents from storage tanks, you must limit...

40 CFR 63.7184 - What emission limitations, operating limits, and work practice standards must I meet?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Pollutants for Semiconductor Manufacturing Emission Standards § 63.7184 What emission limitations, operating... this section on and after the compliance dates specified in § 63.7183. (b) Process vents—organic HAP emissions. For each organic HAP process vent, other than process vents from storage tanks, you must limit...

40 CFR 63.4120 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.4151(e)(4). You do not need to submit background data... § 63.4151 and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine the mass of organic HAP in waste... CPMS was inoperative, except for zero (low-level) and high-level checks. (7) The date, time, and...

40 CFR 63.4120 - What reports must I submit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... organic HAP in waste materials according to § 63.4151(e)(4). You do not need to submit background data... § 63.4151 and, if applicable, the calculation used to determine the mass of organic HAP in waste... CPMS was inoperative, except for zero (low-level) and high-level checks. (7) The date, time, and...

40 CFR 63.1565 - What are my requirements for organic HAP emissions from catalytic cracking units?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... according to the procedures in the plan. (4) The emission limitations and operating limits for organic HAP... work practice standards? You must: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a continuous monitoring system... operating limit in Table 9 of this subpart that applies to you according to the procedures in Table 11 of...

40 CFR 63.1565 - What are my requirements for organic HAP emissions from catalytic cracking units?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... according to the procedures in the plan. (4) The emission limitations and operating limits for organic HAP... work practice standards? You must: (1) Install, operate, and maintain a continuous monitoring system... operating limit in Table 9 of this subpart that applies to you according to the procedures in Table 11 of...

40 CFR 63.5752 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? 63.5752 Section 63.5752 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5752 How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? (a) Use...

40 CFR 63.5752 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? 63.5752 Section 63.5752 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5752 How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? (a) Use...

40 CFR 63.5752 - How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? 63.5752 Section 63.5752 Protection of Environment... Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing Standards for Aluminum Recreational Boat Surface Coating Operations § 63.5752 How do I calculate the organic HAP content of aluminum recreational boat surface coatings? (a) Use...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Catalytic Cracking Units 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units As...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Catalytic Cracking Units 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units As...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Catalytic Reforming Units 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units As...

40 CFR Table 15 to Subpart Uuu of... - Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Catalytic Reforming Units 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 15 Table 15 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units As...

Rational design of a high-strength bone scaffold platform based on in situ hybridization of bacterial cellulose/nano-hydroxyapatite framework and silk fibroin reinforcing phase.

PubMed

Jiang, Pei; Ran, Jiabing; Yan, Pan; Zheng, Lingyue; Shen, Xinyu; Tong, Hua

2018-02-01

Bacterial cellulose/hydroxyapatite (BC/HAp) composite had favourable bioaffinity but its poor mechanical strength limited its widespread applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Silk fibroin, which possesses special crystalline structure, has been widely used as organic reinforcing material, and different SFs have different amino acid sequences, which exhibit different bioaffinity and mechanical properties. In this regard, bacterial cellulose-Antheraea yamamai silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-AYSF/HAp), bacterial cellulose-Bombyx mori silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (BC-BMSF/HAp), and BC/HAp nano-composites were synthesized via a novel in situ hybridization method. Compared with BC/HAp and BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp exhibited better interpenetration, which may benefit for the transportation of nutrients and wastes, the adhesion of cells as well. Additionally, the BC-AYSF/HAp also presented superior thermal stability than the other two composites revealed by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compression testing indicated that the mechanical strength of BC-BMSF/HAp was greatly reinforced compared with BC/HAp and was even a little higher than that of BC-AYSF/HAp. Tensile testing showed that BC-AYSF/HAp possesses extraordinary mechanical properties with a higher elastic modulus at low strain and higher fracture strength simultaneously than the other two composites. In vitro cell culture exhibited that MC3T3-E1 cells on the BC-AYSF/HAp membrane took on higher proliferative potential than those on the BC-BMSF/HAp membrane. These results suggested that compared with BC-BMSF/HAp, the BC-AYSF/HAp composite was more appropriate as an ideal bone scaffold platform or biomedical membrane to be used in BTE.

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Dddd of... - Performance Testing and Initial Compliance Demonstrations for the Compliance Options and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) Process unit listed in Table 1B to this subpart Reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, by 90... listed in Table 1B to this subpart Limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, to 20 ppmvd The average...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Dddd of... - Performance Testing and Initial Compliance Demonstrations for the Compliance Options and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Process unit listed in Table 1B to this subpart Reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, by 90... listed in Table 1B to this subpart Limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, to 20 ppmvd The average...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Dddd of... - Performance Testing and Initial Compliance Demonstrations for the Compliance Options and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Process unit listed in Table 1B to this subpart Reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, by 90... listed in Table 1B to this subpart Limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC, to 20 ppmvd The average...

Recombinant C-terminal 311 amino acids of HapS adhesin as a vaccine candidate for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: A study on immunoreactivity in Balb/C mouse.

PubMed

Tabatabaee Bafroee, Akram Sadat; Siadat, Seyed Davar; Mousavi, Seyed Fazlollah; Aghasadeghi, Mohammad Reza; Khorsand, Hashem; Nejati, Mehdi; Sadat, Seyed Mehdi; Mahdavi, Mehdi

2016-09-01

Hap, an auto-transporter protein, is an antigenically conserved adhesion protein which is present on both typeable and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. This protein has central role in bacterial attachment to respiratory tract epithelial cells. A 1000bp C-terminal fragment of Hap passenger domain (HapS) from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector, pET-24a. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with purified rC-HapS. Serum IgG responses to purified rC-HapS, serum IgG subclasses were determined by ELISA and functional activity of antibodies was examined by Serum Bactericidal Assay. The output of rC-HapS was approximately 62% of the total bacterial proteins. Serum IgG responses were significantly increased in immunized group with rC-HapS mixed with Freund's adjuvant in comparison with control groups. Analysis of the serum IgG subclasses showed that the IgG1 subclass was predominant after subcutaneous immunization in BALB/c mice (IgG2a/IgG1 < 1). The sera from rC-HapS immunized animals were strongly bactericidal against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. These results suggest that rC-HapS may be a potential vaccine candidate for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.3521 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified... to be 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it. Express the mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.3521 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified... to be 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it. Express the mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.3521 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (a) Determine the mass fraction of organic HAP for each material used. You must determine the mass...). You may use Method 311 for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP. Use the procedures specified... to be 0.5 percent of the material by mass, you do not have to count it. Express the mass fraction of...

40 CFR 63.1433 - Wastewater provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... exclusively to organic HAP listed on Table 8 of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G. (ii) When the HON requirements in §§ 63.132 through 63.149 refer to Table 9 compounds, the owner or operator is only required to consider compounds that meet the definition of organic HAP in § 63.1423 and that are listed in Table 9 of 40 CFR part...

40 CFR 63.5870 - How do I calculate annual uncontrolled and controlled organic HAP emissions from my wet-out area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... apply to each formula applied on each line, determine how much of each formula for each end product is... controlled oven organic HAP emissions estimation equations or factors to each formula. You must determine the... coated end products. This step creates end product/thickness combinations. (2) Identify each formula used...

40 CFR 63.5870 - How do I calculate annual uncontrolled and controlled organic HAP emissions from my wet-out area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... apply to each formula applied on each line, determine how much of each formula for each end product is... controlled oven organic HAP emissions estimation equations or factors to each formula. You must determine the... coated end products. This step creates end product/thickness combinations. (2) Identify each formula used...

40 CFR 63.5870 - How do I calculate annual uncontrolled and controlled organic HAP emissions from my wet-out area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... apply to each formula applied on each line, determine how much of each formula for each end product is... controlled oven organic HAP emissions estimation equations or factors to each formula. You must determine the... coated end products. This step creates end product/thickness combinations. (2) Identify each formula used...

40 CFR 63.5870 - How do I calculate annual uncontrolled and controlled organic HAP emissions from my wet-out area...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... each formula applied on each line, determine how much of each formula for each end product is applied... controlled oven organic HAP emissions estimation equations or factors to each formula. You must determine the... coated end products. This step creates end product/thickness combinations. (2) Identify each formula used...

40 CFR Table 12 to Subpart Wwww of... - Data Requirements for New and Existing Continuous Lamination Lines and Continuous Casting Lines...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Continuous Lamination Lines and Continuous Casting Lines Complying With a Lbs/Ton Organic HAP Emissions Limit... Requirements for New and Existing Continuous Lamination Lines and Continuous Casting Lines Complying With a Lbs... with a lbs/ton organic HAP emissions limit for continuous lamination lines and continuous casting lines...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart II of... - Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... for Marine Coatings 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (Surface Coating) Pt. 63, Subpt. II, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63—Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings Coating category VOHAP limits a,b,c Grams/liter coating (minus water and...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart II of... - Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for Marine Coatings 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (Surface Coating) Pt. 63, Subpt. II, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63—Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings Coating category VOHAP limits a,b,c Grams/liter coating (minus water and...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart II of... - Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... for Marine Coatings 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (Surface Coating) Pt. 63, Subpt. II, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63—Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings Coating category VOHAP limits a b c Grams/liter coating (minus water and...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart II of... - Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for Marine Coatings 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (Surface Coating) Pt. 63, Subpt. II, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63—Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings Coating category VOHAP limits a,b,c Grams/liter coating (minus water and...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart II of... - Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... for Marine Coatings 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... (Surface Coating) Pt. 63, Subpt. II, Table 2 Table 2 to Subpart II of Part 63—Volatile Organic HAP (VOHAP) Limits for Marine Coatings Coating category VOHAP limits a,b,c Grams/liter coating (minus water and...

40 CFR 63.3151 - How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emission limitations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... matter and use that value as a substitute for mass fraction of organic HAP. (3) Alternative method. You may use an alternative test method for determining the mass fraction of organic HAP once the Administrator has approved it. You must follow the procedure in § 63.7(f) to submit an alternative test method...

40 CFR 63.5820 - What are my options for meeting the standards for continuous lamination/casting operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...: Reinforced Plastic Composites Production Options for Meeting Standards § 63.5820 What are my options for... weight percent organic HAP emissions reduction limit in Table 3 to this subpart, you have the option of demonstrating that you achieve 95 percent reduction of all wet-out area organic HAP emissions. (d) Combination...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 10 Table 10 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 10 Table 10 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 10 Table 10 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 10 Table 10 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

40 CFR Table 10 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Continuous Monitoring Systems for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 10 Table 10 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE...

Cells Recognize and Prefer Bone-like Hydroxyapatite: Biochemical Understanding of Ultrathin Mineral Platelets in Bone.

PubMed

Liu, Cuilian; Zhai, Halei; Zhang, Zhisen; Li, Yaling; Xu, Xurong; Tang, Ruikang

2016-11-09

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystallites in all types of bones are distinguished by their ultrathin characteristics, which are uniaxially oriented with fibrillar collagen to uniquely expose the (100) faces. We speculate that living organisms prefer the specific crystal morphology and orientation of HAP because of the interactions between cells and crystals at the mineral-cell interface. Here, bone-like platy HAP (p-HAP) and two different rod-like HAPs were synthesized to investigate the ultrathin mineral modulating effect on cell bioactivity and bone generation. Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were significantly promoted by the platy HAP with (100) faces compared to rod-like HAPs with (001) faces as the dominant crystal orientation, which indicated that MSCs can recognize the crystal face and prefer the (100) HAP faces. This face-specific preference is dependent on the selective adsorption of fibronectin (FN), a plasma protein that plays a central role in cell adhesion, on the HAP surface. This selective adsorption is further confirmed by molecule dynamics (MD) simulation. Our results demonstrate that it is an intelligent choice for cells to use ultrathin HAP with a large (100) face as a basic building block in the hierarchical structure of bone, which is crucial to the promotion of MSCs osteoinductions during bone formation.

40 CFR 63.4781 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., stains, sealers, topcoats, basecoats, primers, enamels, inks, and adhesives. Laminated wood product means... HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as grams of organic HAP per gram of...

40 CFR 63.4781 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., stains, sealers, topcoats, basecoats, primers, enamels, inks, and adhesives. Laminated wood product means... HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as grams of organic HAP per gram of...

40 CFR 63.4781 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., stains, sealers, topcoats, basecoats, primers, enamels, inks, and adhesives. Laminated wood product means... HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as grams of organic HAP per gram of...

40 CFR 63.4781 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., stains, sealers, topcoats, basecoats, primers, enamels, inks, and adhesives. Laminated wood product means... HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as grams of organic HAP per gram of...

40 CFR 63.4781 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., stains, sealers, topcoats, basecoats, primers, enamels, inks, and adhesives. Laminated wood product means... HAP to the mass of a material in which it is contained, expressed as grams of organic HAP per gram of...

Pure and zinc doped nano-hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and hemolytic studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tank, Kashmira P.; Chudasama, Kiran S.; Thaker, Vrinda S.; Joshi, Mihir J.

2014-09-01

The structural, antimicrobial, and hemolytic properties and bioactivity have been studied of pure hydroxyapatite (HAP) and zinc doped hydroxyapatite (Zn-HAP) nano-particles for their medical applications. Pure HAP and Zn-HAP nano-particles were synthesized by the surfactant mediated approach. The doping of zinc was estimated by EDAX. The average particle size was determined by applying Scherrer's formula to powdered XRD patterns. The nano-particle morphology was studied by TEM and the presence of various functional groups was identified by FTIR spectroscopy. Good antimicrobial activity of nano-HAP and nano-Zn-HAP was found against five organisms, viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella flexneri as Gram negative as well as Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcous aureus and Bacillus cereus as Gram positive. The ability of new apatite formation on the surface of pure and doped HAP samples was studied by using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) in vitro. Hemolytic study indicated that all samples were non-hemolytic and suggesting potential application as bone implant material.

40 CFR 63.1281 - Control equipment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... performance requirements: (A) Reduces the mass content of either TOC or total HAP in the gases vented to the....1282(d); (B) Reduces the concentration of either TOC or total HAP in the exhaust gases at the outlet to... condenser) or other control device that is designed and operated to reduce the mass content of either TOC or...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Dddd of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... THC compliance option measure emissions of total HAP as THC Method 25A in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60... the methane emissions from the emissions of total HAP as THC. (6) each process unit subject to a... § 63.2240(c) establish the site-specific operating requirements (including the parameter limits or THC...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Dddd of... - Requirements for Performance Tests

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... THC compliance option measure emissions of total HAP as THC Method 25A in appendix A to 40 CFR part 60... the methane emissions from the emissions of total HAP as THC. (6) each process unit subject to a... § 63.2240(c) establish the site-specific operating requirements (including the parameter limits or THC...

40 CFR 63.7740 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... positive pressure baghouse equipped with a stack that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP..., regardless of type, that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions limitation in this subpart... detectors, or equivalent means. (d) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in § 63.7690(b)(2...

40 CFR 63.7740 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... pressure baghouse equipped with a stack that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions..., that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions limitation in this subpart, you must... detectors, or equivalent means. (d) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in § 63.7690(b)(2...

40 CFR 63.7740 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... positive pressure baghouse equipped with a stack that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP..., regardless of type, that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions limitation in this subpart... detectors, or equivalent means. (d) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in § 63.7690(b)(2...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Storage Tanks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... applies to your storage tanks: For each . . . For which . . . Then you must . . . 1. Group 1 storage tank a. The maximum true vapor pressure of total HAP at the storage temperature is ≥76.6 kilopascals i... maximum true vapor pressure of total HAP at the storage temperature is <76.6 kilopascals i. Comply with...

40 CFR Table 4 to Subpart Ffff of... - Emission Limits for Storage Tanks

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... applies to your storage tanks: For each . . . For which . . . Then you must . . . 1. Group 1 storage tank a. The maximum true vapor pressure of total HAP at the storage temperature is ≥76.6 kilopascals i... maximum true vapor pressure of total HAP at the storage temperature is <76.6 kilopascals i. Comply with...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... source Emissions must not exceed 280 grams HAP per megagram (0.56 pounds per ton) of fabric processed at... tire cord production affected source Emissions must not exceed 220 grams HAP per megagram (0.43 pounds... Table 16 to this subpart must not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... must not exceed 280 grams HAP per megagram (0.56 pounds per ton) of fabric processed at the tire cord... affected source Emissions must not exceed 220 grams HAP per megagram (0.43 pounds per ton) of fabric... exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total coatings used at the tire cord production...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... must not exceed 280 grams HAP per megagram (0.56 pounds per ton) of fabric processed at the tire cord... affected source Emissions must not exceed 220 grams HAP per megagram (0.43 pounds per ton) of fabric... exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total coatings used at the tire cord production...

40 CFR Table 2 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Cord Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... source Emissions must not exceed 280 grams HAP per megagram (0.56 pounds per ton) of fabric processed at... tire cord production affected source Emissions must not exceed 220 grams HAP per megagram (0.43 pounds... Table 16 to this subpart must not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total...

Durable Self-Cleaning Coatings for Architectural Surfaces by Incorporation of TiO2 Nano-Particles into Hydroxyapatite Films

PubMed Central

Sassoni, Enrico; D’Amen, Eros; Roveri, Norberto

2018-01-01

To prevent soiling of marble exposed outdoors, the use of TiO2 nano-particles has been proposed in the literature by two main routes, both raising durability issues: (i) direct application to marble surface, with the risk of particle leaching by rainfall; (ii) particle incorporation into inorganic or organic coatings, with the risk of organic coating degradation catalyzed by TiO2 photoactivity. Here, we investigated the combination of nano-TiO2 and hydroxyapatite (HAP), previously developed for marble protection against dissolution in rain and mechanical consolidation. HAP-TiO2 combination was investigated by two routes: (i) sequential application of HAP followed by nano-TiO2 (“H+T”); (ii) simultaneous application by introducing nano-TiO2 into the phosphate solution used to form HAP (“HT”). The self-cleaning ability was evaluated before and after prolonged exposure to simulated rain. “H+T” and “HT” coatings exhibited much better resistance to nano-TiO2 leaching by rain, compared to TiO2 alone. In “H+T” samples, TiO2 nano-particles adhere better to HAP (having flower-like morphology and high specific surface area) than to marble. In “HT” samples, thanks to chemical bonds between nano-TiO2 and HAP, the particles are firmly incorporated in the HAP coating, which protects them from leaching by rain, without diminishing their photoactivity and without being degraded by them. PMID:29360789

40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Ppp of... - Group 1 Storage Vessels at Existing and New Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Group 1 Storage Vessels at Existing... Polyether Polyols Production Pt. 63, Subpt. PPP, Table 3 Table 3 to Subpart PPP of Part 63—Group 1 Storage...) 75 ≤ capacity 1 capacity ≥ 151 ≥ 5.2 a Maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP at...

40 CFR 63.5799 - How do I calculate my facility's organic HAP emissions on a tpy basis for purposes of determining...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5799 How do I calculate my facility's... new facility that does not have any of the following operations: Open molding, centrifugal casting... existing facilities, do not include any organic HAP emissions where resin or gel coat is applied to an open...

40 CFR 63.5799 - How do I calculate my facility's organic HAP emissions on a tpy basis for purposes of determining...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5799 How do I calculate my facility's... new facility that does not have any of the following operations: Open molding, centrifugal casting... existing facilities, do not include any organic HAP emissions where resin or gel coat is applied to an open...

40 CFR 63.5799 - How do I calculate my facility's organic HAP emissions on a tpy basis for purposes of determining...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5799 How do I.../casting operations, or a new facility that does not have any of the following operations: Open molding... coat is applied to an open centrifugal mold using open molding application techniques. Table 1 and the...

40 CFR 63.5799 - How do I calculate my facility's organic HAP emissions on a tpy basis for purposes of determining...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Calculating Organic Hap Emissions Factors for Open Molding and Centrifugal Casting § 63.5799 How do I.../casting operations, or a new facility that does not have any of the following operations: Open molding... coat is applied to an open centrifugal mold using open molding application techniques. Table 1 and the...

40 CFR Table 5 to Subpart Wwww of... - Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Alternative Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Open Molding, Centrifugal Casting, and SMC Manufacturing Operations Where the Standards Are Based on a 95 Percent Reduction Requirement 5 Table 5 to Subpart WWWW of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63...

40 CFR Table 13 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63...

40 CFR Table 12 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance...

40 CFR Table 19 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance...

40 CFR Table 21 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63...

40 CFR Table 21 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 18 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 11 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units Not...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) for Carbon Monoxide (CO) 11 Table 11 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 11 Table 11 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions...

40 CFR Table 13 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 21 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 20 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 13 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 13 Table 13 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 20 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 18 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for...

40 CFR Table 12 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance...

40 CFR Table 21 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63...

40 CFR Table 12 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Cracking Units 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 12 Table 12 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance...

40 CFR Table 19 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance...

40 CFR Table 18 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for...

40 CFR Table 21 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 21 Table 21 to Subpart UUU of Part 63...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 20 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 20 Table 20 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Continuous...

40 CFR Table 18 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Reforming Units 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 18 Table 18 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for Performance Tests...

40 CFR Table 11 to Subpart Uuu of... - Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units Not...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) for Carbon Monoxide (CO) 11 Table 11 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 11 Table 11 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Requirements for Performance Tests for Organic HAP Emissions...

40 CFR Table 14 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Continuous Compliance With Operating Limits for Organic HAP Emissions From Catalytic Cracking Units 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63... Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 14 Table 14 to Subpart UUU of Part 63...

40 CFR Table 19 to Subpart Uuu of... - Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 13 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Initial Compliance With Organic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63 Protection of... Sulfur Recovery Units Pt. 63, Subpt. UUU, Table 19 Table 19 to Subpart UUU of Part 63—Initial Compliance...

Surviving Mass Extinctions through Biomineralized DNA.

PubMed

Turon, Pau; Puiggalí, Jordi; Bertrán, Oscar; Alemán, Carlos

2015-12-21

Even in the worst of conditions, such as those which occurred during mass extinction events, life on Earth never totally stopped. Aggressive chemical and physical attacks able to sterilize or poison living organisms occurred repeatedly. Surprisingly, DNA was not degraded, denatured or modified to the point of losing the capability of transferring the genetic information to the next generations. After the events of mass extinction life was able to survive and thrive. DNA was passed on despite being an extremely fragile biomolecule. The potential implications of hydroxyapatite protection of DNA are discussed in this Concept article including how DNA acts as a template for hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation, how cell death can trigger biomineralization, and how DNA can be successfully released from HAp when the conditions are favorable for life. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

DEMONSTRATION OF NO-VOC/NO-HAP WOOD FURNITURE COATING SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has contracted with AeroVironment Environmental Services, Inc. and its subcontractor, Adhesives Coating Co., to develop and demonstrate a no-VOC (volatile organic compound)/no-HAP (hazardous air pollutant) wood furniture coating s...

Modified Fe3O4- hydroxyapatite nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts in three UV, Vis and Fenton like degradation systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valizadeh, S.; Rasoulifard, M. H.; Dorraji, M. S. Seyed

2014-11-01

The magnetite-hydroxyapatite (M-HAP) nanocomposites were prepared by a chemical co- precipitation procedure and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The ability of the synthesized catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 25 (AB25), as an organic dye, under UV irradiation was studied. The catalyst was modified employing transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) trying to improve the catalytic performance of HAP in absence of UV irradiation and in the presence of hydrogen peroxide i.e. a Fenton like reaction. The best results obtained for Cu and Co modified M-HAPs and the effect of operational parameters such pH, amount of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide concentration was studied. In order to investigate the performance of HAP based photocatalyst in visible light region, M-HAP was modified with silver ions. At the end, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic expression used to evaluate and compare the catalytic systems. The strongest degradation activity was observed for Ag-M-HAP/Vis system because of Ag3PO4 formation. Apparent reaction rate constant (Kapp) by Ag-M-HAP/Vis was 63, 36 and 19 times faster than Cu-M-HAP(II)/H2O2, Co-M-HAP(II)/H2O2 and M-HAP (I)/UV systems, respectively.

Arabidopsis HAP2/GCS1 is a gamete fusion protein homologous to somatic and viral fusogens

PubMed Central

Valansi, Clari; Moi, David; Leikina, Evgenia; Matveev, Elena; Chernomordik, Leonid V.

2017-01-01

Cell–cell fusion is inherent to sexual reproduction. Loss of HAPLESS 2/GENERATIVE CELL SPECIFIC 1 (HAP2/GCS1) proteins results in gamete fusion failure in diverse organisms, but their exact role is unclear. In this study, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana HAP2/GCS1 is sufficient to promote mammalian cell–cell fusion. Hemifusion and complete fusion depend on HAP2/GCS1 presence in both fusing cells. Furthermore, expression of HAP2 on the surface of pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus results in homotypic virus–cell fusion. We demonstrate that the Caenorhabditis elegans Epithelial Fusion Failure 1 (EFF-1) somatic cell fusogen can replace HAP2/GCS1 in one of the fusing membranes, indicating that HAP2/GCS1 and EFF-1 share a similar fusion mechanism. Structural modeling of the HAP2/GCS1 protein family predicts that they are homologous to EFF-1 and viral class II fusion proteins (e.g., Zika virus). We name this superfamily Fusexins: fusion proteins essential for sexual reproduction and exoplasmic merger of plasma membranes. We suggest a common origin and evolution of sexual reproduction, enveloped virus entry into cells, and somatic cell fusion. PMID:28137780

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart G of... - Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63 Protection of... Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater Pt. 63, Subpt. G, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63—Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources Chemical name CAS No...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart G of... - Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63 Protection of... Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater Pt. 63, Subpt. G, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63—Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources Chemical name CAS No...

40 CFR Table 8 to Subpart G of... - Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63 Protection of... Vessels, Transfer Operations, and Wastewater Pt. 63, Subpt. G, Table 8 Table 8 to Subpart G of Part 63—Organic HAP's Subject to the Wastewater Provisions for Process Units at New Sources Chemical name CAS No...

Risk assessment of population inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds and carbonyls in urban China.

PubMed

Du, Zhengjian; Mo, Jinhan; Zhang, Yinping

2014-12-01

Over the past three decades, China has experienced rapid urbanization. The risks to its urban population posed by inhalation exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) have not been well characterized. Here, we summarize recent measurements of 16 highly prevalent HAPs in urban China and compile their distribution inputs. Based on activity patterns of urban Chinese working adults, we derive personal exposures. Using a probabilistic risk assessment method, we determine cancer and non-cancer risks for working females and males. We also assess the uncertainty associated with risk estimates using Monte Carlo simulation, accounting for variations in HAP concentrations, cancer potency factors (CPFs) and inhalation rates. Average total lifetime cancer risks attributable to HAPs are 2.27×10(-4) (2.27 additional cases per 10,000 people exposed) and 2.93×10(-4) for Chinese urban working females and males, respectively. Formaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene and 1,3-butadiene are the major risk contributors yielding the highest median cancer risk estimates, >1×10(-5). About 70% of the risk is due to exposures occurring in homes. Outdoor sources contribute most to the risk of benzene, ethylbenzene and carbon tetrachloride, while indoor sources dominate for all other compounds. Chronic exposure limits are not exceeded for non-carcinogenic effects, except for formaldehyde. Risks are overestimated if variation is not accounted for. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the major contributors to total variance are range of inhalation rates, CPFs of formaldehyde, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, benzene and 1,3-butadiene, and indoor home concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene. Despite uncertainty, risks exceeding the acceptable benchmark of 1×10(-6) suggest actions to reduce exposures. Future efforts should be directed toward large-scale measurements of air pollutant concentrations, refinement of CPFs and investigation of population exposure parameters. The present study is a first effort to estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of inhalation exposure to HAPs for the large working populations of Chinese cites. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Gas Chromatographic Continuous Emissions Monitoring System for the Determination of VOCs and HAPs.

PubMed

Coleman, William M; Gordon, Bert M

1996-01-01

This article describes a new gas chromatography-based emissions monitoring system for measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). The system is composed of a dual-column gas chromatograph equipped with thermal conductivity detectors, in which separation is optimized for fast chromatography. The system has the necessary valving for stream selection, which allows automatic calibration of the system at predetermined times and successive measurement of individual VOCs before and after a control device. Nine different VOCs (two of which are HAPs), plus methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are separated and quantified every two minutes. The accuracy and precision of this system has been demonstrated to be greater than 95%. The system employs a mass flow measurement device and also calculates and displays processed emission data, such as control device efficiency and total weight emitted during given time periods. Two such systems have been operational for one year in two separate gravure printing facilities; minimal upkeep is required, about one hour per month. One of these systems, used before and after a carbon adsorber, has been approved by the pertinent local permitting authority.

CASE STUDIES: LOW-VOC/HAP WOOD FURNITURE COATINGS

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of a study in which wood furniture manufacturing facilities were identified that had converted at least one of their primary coating steps to low-volatile organic compound (VOC)/hazardous Air pollutant (HAP) wood furniture coatings: high-solids, water...

Characterization of Air Toxics from an Oil-Fired Firetube Boiler.

PubMed

Miller, C Andrew; Ryan, Jeffrey V; Lombardo, Tony

1996-08-01

Tests were conducted on a commercially available firetube package boiler running on #2 through #6 oils to determine the emissions levels of hazardous air pollutants from the combustion of four fuel oils (a #2 oil, a #5 oil, a low sulfur #6 oil, and a high sulfur #6 oil). Measurements of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide stack gas concentrations were made for each oil. Flue gases were also sampled to determine levels of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and of metals. Analytical procedures were used to provide more detailed information regarding the emissions rates for carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in addition to the standard analyses for volatile and semivolatile organics. Metals emissions were greater than organic emissions for all oils tested, by an order of magnitude. Carbonyls dominated the organic emissions, with emission rates more than double the remaining organics for all four oils tested. Formaldehyde made up the largest percentage of carbonyls, at roughly 50% of these emissions for three of the four oils, and approximately 30% of the carbonyl emissions from the low sulfur #6 oil. Naphthalene was found to be the largest part of the PAH emissions for three of the four oils, with phenanthrene being greatest for the #2 fuel oil. The flue gases were also sampled for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans; however, inconsistent levels were found between repeat tests. For the boiler tested, no single hazardous air pollutant (HAP) was emitted at a rate which would require control under Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The fuel emitting the largest amount of HAPs was the high sulfur #6 oil, which had a total HAP emission rate of less than 100 lb (45 kg)/year, based on operation for a full year at a firing rate of 1.25 x 106 Btu/hr (50% load of the unit tested).

Case study project: The use of low-VOC/HAP coatings at wood furniture manufacturing facilities. Report for March 1995--March 1999

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marshall, A.M.; Jones, J.W.; Fields, J.L.

1999-07-01

The paper discusses a study of pollution prevention and the use of low-VOC/HAP (volatile organic compound/hazardous air pollutant) coatings at wood furniture manufacturing facilities. The study is to identify wood furniture and cabinet manufacturing facilities that have converted to low-VOC/HAP coatings and to develop case studies for those facilities. The case studies include a discussion of the types of products each facility manufactures; the types of low-VOC/HAP coatings each facility is using; problems encountered in converting to low-VOC/HAP coatings; equipment changes that were required; costs associated with the conversion process, including capital costs associated with equipment purchases, research and developmentmore » costs, and operating costs such as operator training in new application techniques;advantages/ disadvantages of the low-VOC/HAP coatings; and customer feedback on products finished with the low-VOC/HAP coatings. The paper discusses the progress of the study and pollution prevention options at wood furniture manufacturing facilities.« less

HapX-Mediated Iron Homeostasis Is Essential for Rhizosphere Competence and Virulence of the Soilborne Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum[C][W][OA

PubMed Central

López-Berges, Manuel S.; Capilla, Javier; Turrà, David; Schafferer, Lukas; Matthijs, Sandra; Jöchl, Christoph; Cornelis, Pierre; Guarro, Josep; Haas, Hubertus; Di Pietro, Antonio

2012-01-01

Soilborne fungal pathogens cause devastating yield losses and are highly persistent and difficult to control. During the infection process, these organisms must cope with limited availability of iron. Here we show that the bZIP protein HapX functions as a key regulator of iron homeostasis and virulence in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Deletion of hapX does not affect iron uptake but causes derepression of genes involved in iron-consuming pathways, leading to impaired growth under iron-depleted conditions. F. oxysporum strains lacking HapX are reduced in their capacity to invade and kill tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants and immunodepressed mice. The virulence defect of ΔhapX on tomato plants is exacerbated by coinoculation of roots with a biocontrol strain of Pseudomonas putida, but not with a siderophore-deficient mutant, indicating that HapX contributes to iron competition of F. oxysporum in the tomato rhizosphere. These results establish a conserved role for HapX-mediated iron homeostasis in fungal infection of plants and mammals. PMID:22968717

The Janus transcription factor HapX controls fungal adaptation to both iron starvation and iron excess

PubMed Central

Gsaller, Fabio; Hortschansky, Peter; Beattie, Sarah R; Klammer, Veronika; Tuppatsch, Katja; Lechner, Beatrix E; Rietzschel, Nicole; Werner, Ernst R; Vogan, Aaron A; Chung, Dawoon; Mühlenhoff, Ulrich; Kato, Masashi; Cramer, Robert A; Brakhage, Axel A; Haas, Hubertus

2014-01-01

Balance of physiological levels of iron is essential for every organism. In Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungal pathogens, the transcription factor HapX mediates adaptation to iron limitation and consequently virulence by repressing iron consumption and activating iron uptake. Here, we demonstrate that HapX is also essential for iron resistance via activating vacuolar iron storage. We identified HapX protein domains that are essential for HapX functions during either iron starvation or high-iron conditions. The evolutionary conservation of these domains indicates their wide-spread role in iron sensing. We further demonstrate that a HapX homodimer and the CCAAT-binding complex (CBC) cooperatively bind an evolutionary conserved DNA motif in a target promoter. The latter reveals the mode of discrimination between general CBC and specific HapX/CBC target genes. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel regulatory mechanism mediating both iron resistance and adaptation to iron starvation by the same transcription factor complex with activating and repressing functions depending on ambient iron availability. PMID:25092765

A human health assessment of hazardous air pollutants in Portland, OR.

PubMed

Tam, B N; Neumann, C M

2004-11-01

Ambient air samples collected from five monitoring sites in Portland, OR during July 1999 to August 2000 were analyzed for 43 hazardous air pollutants (HAP). HAP concentrations were compared to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic benchmark levels. Carcinogenic benchmark concentrations were set at a risk level of one-in-one-million (1x10(-6)). Hazard ratios of 1.0 were used when comparing HAP concentrations to non-carcinogenic benchmarks. Emission sources (point, area, and mobile) were identified and a cumulative cancer risk and total hazard index were calculated for HAPs exceeding these health benchmark levels. Seventeen HAPs exceeded a cancer risk level of 1x10(-6) at all five monitoring sites. Nineteen HAPs exceeded this level at one or more site. Carbon tetrachloride, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane contributed more than 50% to the upper-bound lifetime cumulative cancer risk of 2.47x10(-4). Acrolein was the only non-carcinogenic HAP with hazard ratios that exceeded 1.0 at all five sites. Mobile sources contributed the greatest percentage (68%) of HAP emissions. Additional monitoring and health assessments for HAPs in Portland, OR are warranted, including addressing issues that may have overestimated or underestimated risks in this study. Abatement strategies for HAPs that exceeded health benchmarks should be implemented to reduce potential adverse health risks.

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to this subpart must not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total cements and... subpart must not exceed 10,000 grams HAP per megagram (20 pounds per ton) of total cements and solvents... not exceed 0.024 grams per megagram (0.00005 pounds per ton) of rubber used at the tire production...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to this subpart must not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total cements and... subpart must not exceed 10,000 grams HAP per megagram (20 pounds per ton) of total cements and solvents... not exceed 0.024 grams per megagram (0.00005 pounds per ton) of rubber used at the tire production...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to this subpart must not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total cements and... subpart must not exceed 10,000 grams HAP per megagram (20 pounds per ton) of total cements and solvents... not exceed 0.024 grams per megagram (0.00005 pounds per ton) of rubber used at the tire production...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Xxxx of... - Emission Limits for Tire Production Affected Sources

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to this subpart must not exceed 1,000 grams HAP per megagram (2 pounds per ton) of total cements and... subpart must not exceed 10,000 grams HAP per megagram (20 pounds per ton) of total cements and solvents... not exceed 0.024 grams per megagram (0.00005 pounds per ton) of rubber used at the tire production...

40 CFR Table 1b to Subpart Dddd of... - Add-on Control Systems Compliance Options

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... dryer zones one and two (at new affected sources) (1) Reduce emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon) a, by 90 percent; or(2) Limit emissions of total HAP, measured as THC (as carbon) a, to 20 ppmvd... are greater than or equal to 10 ppmvd. a You may choose to subtract methane from THC as carbon...

DEVELOPMENT OF A NO-VOC/NO-HAP WOOD FURNITURE COATINGS SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of the development and demonstration of a no-VOC (volatile organic compound)/no-HAP (hazardous air pollutant) wood furniture coating system. The performance characteristics of the new coating system are excellent in terms of adhesion, drying time, gloss, ...

Molecular mechanics of tropocollagen-hydroxyapatite biomaterials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubey, Devendra Kumar

Hard biomaterials such as bone, dentin, and nacre show remarkable mechanical performance and serve as inspiration for development of next generation of composite materials with high strength and toughness. Such materials have primarily an organic phase (e.g. tropocollagen (TC) or chitin) and a mineral phase (e.g. hydroxyapatite (HAP) or aragonite) arranged in a staggered arrangement at nanoscopic length scales. Interfacial interactions between the organic phases and the mineral phases and structural effects arising due to the staggered and hierarchical arrangements are identified to be the two most important determinants for high mechanical performance of such biomaterials. Effects of these determinants in such biomaterials are further intertwined with factors such as loading configuration, chemical environment, mineral crystal shape, and residue sequences in polymer chains. Atomistic modeling is a desired approach to investigate such sub nanoscale issues as experimental techniques for investigations at such small scale are still in nascent stage. For this purpose, explicit three dimensional (3D) molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio MD simulations of quasi-static mechanical deformations of idealized Tropocollagen-Hydroxyapatite (TC-HAP) biomaterials with distinct interfacial arrangements and different loading configurations are performed. Focus is on developing insights into the molecular level mechanics of TC-HAP biomaterials at fundamental lengthscale with emphasis on interface phenomenon. Idealized TC-HAP atomistic models are analyzed for their mechanical strength and fracture failure behavior from the viewpoint of interfacial interactions between TC and HAP and associated molecular mechanisms. In particular, study focuses on developing an understanding of factors such as role of interfacial structural arrangement, hierarchical structure design, influence of water, effect of changes in HAP crystal shape, and mutations in TC molecule on the mechanical strength of TC-HAP biomaterials. In conjunction, a continuum level tension-shear-chain (TSC) model is also implemented to analyze fracture resistance characteristics in TC-HAP nanocomposites. Results and analyses shed light on the failure mechanisms in TC-HAP type nanocomposite systems with a chemo-mechanical understanding of the interfacial interaction between TC and HAP. Analyses show that (1) failure of TC-HAP nanocomposites at nanoscale is predominantly peak strain dependent phenomenon, (2) presence of water in most cases strengthens the TC-HAP biomaterial by acting as a bridge via hydrogen bond mediated crosslinks, (3) TC-HAP nanostructures with plate shaped HAP crystals show higher toughness and stability as compared to TC-HAP nanostructures with needle shaped HAP crystals, and (4) mutations in TC are responsible for Osteogenesis Imperfecta bone disorder in an indirect manner, wherein mutations in TC affect the shape and distribution of mineral phase during growth and nucleation period of bone. Overall study emphasizes that interfacial structural arrangement between polymer phase and mineral phase in TC-HAP and similar nanocomposite biomaterials is an important factor in determining their mechanical strength and should be carefully studied and selected for development of high performance nanocomposite biomaterials. Findings and understandings from this research have significant impact on polymer-ceramic nanocomposite mechanics, biomaterial and biomimetic materials development, and bone fragility disorders related medical science development.

A novel self-catalyzed photoATRP strategy for preparation of fluorescent hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and their biological imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Ruming; Liu, Meiying; Huang, Hongye; Huang, Long; Huang, Qiang; Wen, Yuanqing; Cao, Qian-yong; Tian, Jianwen; Zhang, Xiaoyong; Wei, Yen

2018-03-01

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), as an important biomaterial for the regeneration and reconstruction of bone tissue, has attracted more and more attention of researchers and scientists due to its unique structure and compositions. However, the preparation of fluorescent HAp with controllable morphology has achieved only limited success. In this work, we reported a novel strategy to construct the water dispersible fluorescent HAp nanorods via the combination of ligand exchange and metal-free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The Br-containing fluorescent HAp nanorods with controllable size and morphology were first prepared through hydrothermal treatment. A multifunctional organic molecule (named as PTH-Br) with aggregation-induced emission feature was immobilized on the surface of hydrophobic HAp nanorods through ligand exchange reaction. The PTH-Br could be used as the initiator and catalyst for surface-initiated metal-free ATRP using poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate as monomer to obtain hydrophilic fluorescent HAp polymer nanoparticles. This strategy successfully endowed HAp nanorods excellent fluorescence properties and favorable water dispersibility but well preserved their regular morphology. Biological assays demonstrated that the HAp-PTH-poly(PEGMA) nanoparticles exhibited good biocompatibility and efficient cell uptake performance. Taken together, we have developed a rather facile strategy based on the surface ligand exchange reaction and metal-free photoATRP to fabricate fluorescent HAp with controllable size and morphology, high water dispersibility and biological properties. These HAp-PTH-poly(PEGMA) nanoparticles should be novel and promising candidates for biomedical applications.

Structure and properties of hydroxyapatite/hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate composite films.

PubMed

Azzaoui, K; Mejdoubi, E; Lamhamdi, A; Zaoui, S; Berrabah, M; Elidrissi, A; Hammouti, B; Fouda, Moustafa M G; Al-Deyab, Salem S

2015-01-22

The main aim of this research work was to develop a new inorganic-organic film. Hydroxyapaptite (HAp) particles that represent the inorganic phase was mixed well with hydroxyethyl cellulose acetate (HECA), which representing the organic phase and then the inorganic-organic films were fabricated by evaporating of the solvent. The structure as well as the properties of the formed films were characterized using different analytical tools such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The obtained results revealed that, the HAp nanoparticles was well dispersed and well immobilized throughout the formed films. This can be attributed to the role of the nano- and micropores in the HECA substrate. In addition, a strong interaction occurred between HAp and HECA matrix. The results showed also good thermal stability and miscibility as well. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polarization-induced surface charges in hydroxyapatite ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horiuchi, N.; Nakaguki, S.; Wada, N.; Nozaki, K.; Nakamura, M.; Nagai, A.; Katayama, K.; Yamashita, K.

2014-07-01

Calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is a well-known biomaterial that is the main inorganic component of bones and teeth. Control over the surface charge on HAp would be a key advance in the development of the material for tissue engineering. We demonstrate here that surface charge can be induced by an electrical poling process using the Kelvin method. Positive and negative charges were induced on the HAp surface in response to the applied electric field in the poling process. The surface charging is attributed to dipole polarization that is homogeneously distributed in HAp. Additionally, the surface charging is considered to originate from the organization of OH- ions into a polar phase in the structure.

HAP-PRO USER'S MANUAL (FOR USE WITH VERSION 1.0)

EPA Science Inventory

The primary purpose of the Hazardous Air Pollutant Program (HAP-PRO) is to assist permit engineers in reviewing applications for control of air toxics by calculating the capital and annual costs for 6 volatile organic compound (VOC) and 3 different particulate control devices, i...