40 CFR 81.275 - Lake Tahoe Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...: commencing at the point common to the aforementioned drainage area crestline and the line common to Townships... westerly direction to the northwest corner of Section 3, Township 15 North, Range 16 East, M.D.B. & M., thence south along the west line of Sections 3 and 10, Township 15 North, Range 16 East, M.D.B. & M., to...

40 CFR 81.274 - Mountain Counties Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... point common to the aforementioned drainage area crestline and the line common to Townships 15 North and... direction to the northwest corner of Section 3, Township 15 North, Range 16 East, M.D.B. & M., thence south along the west line of Sections 3 and 10, Township 15 North, Range 16 East, M.D.B. & M., to the...

40 CFR 147.2555 - Aquifer exemptions since January 1, 1999.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... North line and 1130 feet from the East line SW1/4 SE1/4 NE1/4 of Section 7, Township 44 North, Range 76... West line center of SW1/4 of Section 5, Township 44 North, Range 76 West. [64 FR 14803, Mar. 26, 1999...

40 CFR 147.2555 - Aquifer exemptions since January 1, 1999.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... North line and 1130 feet from the East line SW1/4 SE1/4 NE1/4 of Section 7, Township 44 North, Range 76... West line center of SW1/4 of Section 5, Township 44 North, Range 76 West. [64 FR 14803, Mar. 26, 1999...

27 CFR 9.110 - San Benito.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the following boundary description is the point where the eastern border of Section 17 of Township..., Township 15 South, Range 6 East. (iii) Then westward along that southern border to the western border of... northwestward along that contour line to the Township Line T.14S./T.15S. (vi) Then westward along that township...

27 CFR 9.110 - San Benito.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of the following boundary description is the point where the eastern border of Section 17 of Township..., Township 15 South, Range 6 East. (iii) Then westward along that southern border to the western border of... northwestward along that contour line to the Township Line T.14S./T.15S. (vi) Then westward along that township...

25 CFR 91.3 - Description of village reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... twenty-two (22), all in township twenty-four (24) north, range six (6) east of the Indian meridian, and... Half (E 1/2) of the Southwest Quarter (SW 1/4) of Section Six (6) in Township Twenty-two (22) North... Three (3) in Township Twenty-five (25) North, Range Nine (9) East of the Indian Meridian, and containing...

25 CFR 91.3 - Description of village reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... twenty-two (22), all in township twenty-four (24) north, range six (6) east of the Indian meridian, and... Half (E 1/2) of the Southwest Quarter (SW 1/4) of Section Six (6) in Township Twenty-two (22) North... Three (3) in Township Twenty-five (25) North, Range Nine (9) East of the Indian Meridian, and containing...

77 FR 45651 - Notice of Filing of Plats

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

... during normal business hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to leave a message or... INFORMATION: The supplemental plat of the SE1/4SE1/4 of Section 29, in Township 1 North, Range 71 West, Sixth.../4 of Section 25, in Township 1 North, Range 72 West, Sixth Principal Meridian, Colorado, was...

27 CFR 9.114 - Old Mission Peninsula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... boundary in Grand Traverse County, Michigan, consists of all of Peninsula Township, excluding Marion and Bassett Islands. In addition, the viticultural area takes in a small portion of Traverse City Township. (1... Grand Traverse Bay at Section 1, Township 27 North, Range 11 West (T27N, R11W), approximately 500 feet...

27 CFR 9.114 - Old Mission Peninsula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... boundary in Grand Traverse County, Michigan, consists of all of Peninsula Township, excluding Marion and Bassett Islands. In addition, the viticultural area takes in a small portion of Traverse City Township. (1... Grand Traverse Bay at Section 1, Township 27 North, Range 11 West (T27N, R11W), approximately 500 feet...

43 CFR 9185.4-3 - Three-fourths of land owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the township are required to join in the application, and all petitioners in whom ownership is vested... legal subdivision, section, township, and range of the lands to which title is claimed. Moreover, it...

Sudbury project (University of Muenster-Ontario Geological Survey): Field studies 1984-1989 - summary of results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bischoff, L.; Dressler, B. O.; Avermann, M. E.; Brockmeyer, P.; Lakomy, R.; Mueller-Mohr, V.

1992-01-01

In cooperation between the Ontario Geological Survey and the Institute of Geology and Institute of Planetology, geological, petrological, and geochemical studies were carried out on impact-related phenomena of the Sudbury structure during the last decade. The main results of the field studies are briefly reviewed. Footwall rocks, sublayer, and lower sections of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) were mainly mapped and sampled in the northern (Levack Township) and western (Trillabelle and Sultana Properties) parts of the north range. Within these mapping areas Sudbury Breccias (SB) and Footwall Breccias (FB) were studied; SB were also investigated along extended profiles beyond the north and south ranges up to 55 km from the SIC. The Onaping Formation (OF) and the upper section of the SIC were studied both in the north range (Morgan and Dowling Townships) and in the southern east range (Capreol and McLennan Townships).

27 CFR 9.45 - Suisun Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... township line “T5N/T4N”; (2) Thence in a straight line in a northeast direction to Bench Mark (BM) 19... just south of Section 34, Township 6 North, Range 2 West; (5) Thence due west along the Napa/Solano...

27 CFR 9.45 - Suisun Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... township line “T5N/T4N”; (2) Thence in a straight line in a northeast direction to Bench Mark (BM) 19... just south of Section 34, Township 6 North, Range 2 West; (5) Thence due west along the Napa/Solano...

27 CFR 9.35 - Edna Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Park, located on U.S.G.S. map “San Luis Obispo Quadrangle” at the north end of Section 25, Township 30... northeastern flank of the San Luis Range, which forms the southwestern rim of Edna Valley, to the township line identified as “T31S/T32S” on the U.S.G.S. map; (4) Thence east along township line “T31S/T32S”, across Price...

27 CFR 9.35 - Edna Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Park, located on U.S.G.S. map “San Luis Obispo Quadrangle” at the north end of Section 25, Township 30... northeastern flank of the San Luis Range, which forms the southwestern rim of Edna Valley, to the township line identified as “T31S/T32S” on the U.S.G.S. map; (4) Thence east along township line “T31S/T32S”, across Price...

40 CFR 81.165 - San Joaquin Valley Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... corner of section 2, T. 32 S., R. 32 E., Mount Diablo Base and Meridian; then east along the township....; then east along the township line common to T. 29 S. and T. 28 S.; then north along the range line common to R. 36 E. and R. 35 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 28 S. and T. 27 S.; then...

40 CFR 81.165 - San Joaquin Valley Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... corner of section 2, T. 32 S., R. 32 E., Mount Diablo Base and Meridian; then east along the township....; then east along the township line common to T. 29 S. and T. 28 S.; then north along the range line common to R. 36 E. and R. 35 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 28 S. and T. 27 S.; then...

Cultural Resources Literature Search and Records Review - Upper Mississippi River Basin. Volume 11. Pool 10. Part 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

Codification 7 Q2F6 _Co2t Cra .crc !Trairie Legal Description: Township & Range T7_ R6__ Civil Township- _du Ch-ien Section Location. Sec_3___ Present...8217e Codific (’ation I Cr-0280 Cmt rv~od(f I SiteName: - TejlDuccript-.ion: TcI,-ls!hip & BiNgl)e 7N-I-6W- civil TwhiPrirodu * Ch ion USecl ion Location...State Codification # Cr_0216 County - ,:T - Si te Nne :" ..... .. .. LeJal Description: Town:ship & Range TN P6W ...... Civil Tcwnshipprjji. Ia-d Ch ion

Forest conditions in the Black Mesa Forest Reserve, Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Plummer, F.G.; Rixon, T.F.; Dodwell, Arthur

1904-01-01

The Black Mesa Forest Reserve, in Arizona, was created by proclamation of President McKinley dated August 17, 1898. The following are its boundaries; "Beginning at a point on the boundary line between Arizona and New Mexico where it is intersected by the north line of township seven (7) north, range thirty-one (31) east, Gila and Salt River meridian, Arizona; thence westerly along the township line to the southeast corner of township eight (8) north, range twenty-seven (27) east; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said township; thence westerly along the second (2nd) standard parallel north to the southeast corner of township nine (9) north, range twenty-six (26) east; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said township; thence westerly along the township line to the southeast corner of township ten (10) north, range twenty-two (22) east; thence northerly to the northeast corner of said township; thence westerly along the township line to the southeast corner of township eleven (11) north, range nineteen (19) east; thence northerly.along the range line to its point of intersection with the forty miles limit of the grant to the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company; thence westerly following the forty miles limit of said grant to its intersection with the range line between ranges five (5) and six (6) east, in township fifteen (15) north; thence southerly to the southwest corner of said township; thence easterly along the township line to the northwest corner of township fourteen (14) north, range seven (7) east; thence southerly along the range line to the southwest corner of township thirteen (13) north, range seven (7) east; thence easterly along the third (3rd) standard parallel north to the northwest corner of township twelve (12) north, range eight (8) east; thence southerly to the south- west corner of said township; thence easterly along the township line to the north- west corner of township eleven (11) north, range twelve (12) east; thence southerly to the southwest corner of said township; thence easterly to the northwest corner of the White Mountain Indian Reservation; thence in a general easterly, southeasterly, and southerly direction along the northern and eastern boundaries of said reservation to its intersection with the Gila and Salt River base line; thence easterly along said base line to its intersection with the boundary line between Arizona and New Mexico; thence northerly along said boundary line to the point where it intersects the north line of township seven (7) north, range thirty-one (31) east, the place of beginning." 

25 CFR 169.10 - Township and section lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Township and section lines. 169.10 Section 169.10 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER RIGHTS-OF-WAY OVER INDIAN LANDS § 169.10 Township and section lines. Whenever the line of survey crosses a township or section line of the...

25 CFR 169.10 - Township and section lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Township and section lines. 169.10 Section 169.10 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER RIGHTS-OF-WAY OVER INDIAN LANDS § 169.10 Township and section lines. Whenever the line of survey crosses a township or section line of the...

Forest conditions in the Gila River Forest Reserve, New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rixon, T.F.

1905-01-01

The Gila River Forest Reserve was established by proclamation of President McKinley on March 2, 1899. The following is a statement of the boundaries as laid down in the proclamation: "Beginning at a point on the boundary line between New Mexico and Arizona, where it is intersected by the north line of township five (5) south, range twenty-one (21) west, New Mexico principle meridian, New Mexico; thence easterly along the township line to the northeast corner of township five (5) south, range sixteen (16) west; thence southerly along the range line between ranges fifteen (15) and sixteen (16) west, to the southeast corner of township eight (8) south, range sixteen (16) west; thence easterly along the township line to the northeast corner of township nine (9) south, range fifteen (15) west; thence southerly along the range line to the southeast corner of said township; thence easterly along the township line to the northeast corner of township ten (10) south, range ten (10) west; thence southerly along the first guide meridian west, between ranges nine (9) and ten (10) west, to its intersection with the third (3rd) standard parallel south, between townships fifteen (15) and sixteen (16) south; thence westerly along the said third (3rd) standard parallel south to the southwest corner of township fifteen (15) south, range sixteen (16) west; thence northerly along the range line to the northwest corner of said township; thence westerly along the township line to the northeast corner of township fifteen (15) south, range nineteen (19) west; thence southerly along the range line to its intersection with the third (3d) standard parallel south; thence westerly along the third (3rd) standard parallel south to its intersection with the boundary line between New Mexico and Arizona; thence northerly along said boundary line to the point where it intersects the north line of township five (5) south, range twenty-one (21) west, the place of beginning."

76 FR 58298 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; Alaska

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

..., along a portion of the west boundary of Township 7 North, Range 9 East, the corrective dependent... survey of Townships 7 North, Ranges 8 and 9 East and the survey of Tract 37, Township 7 North, Range 9... Fairbanks, within Township 7 North, Range 9 East and Townships 8 North, Ranges 9, 10 and 11 East, of the...

76 FR 53939 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; Alaska

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-30

..., along a portion of the west boundary of Township 7 North, Range 9 East, the corrective dependent... survey of Townships 7 North, Ranges 8 and 9 East and the survey of Tract 37, Township 7 North, Range 9... Fairbanks, within Township 7 North, Range 9 East and Townships 8 North, Ranges 9, 10 and 11 East, of the...

27 CFR 9.61 - El Dorado.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Name. The name of the viticultural area described in this section is “El Dorado.” (b) Approved maps... township line “T. 11 N./T. 12 N.” (“Pilot Hill” Quadrangle); (2) Thence northeast along the North Fork of... range line through T. 13 N. and T. 12 N., to its intersection with the township line “T. 12 N./T. 11 N...

43 CFR 2652.3 - Selection limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... townships in even-numbered ranges and only odd-numbered townships in odd-numbered ranges. (b) Village... township, the regional corporation shall select all available lands in that township: Provided, That such...

Seeking and Finding Positive Youth Development Among Zulu Youth in South African Townships.

PubMed

Schwartz, Kelly D; Theron, Linda C; Scales, Peter C

2017-07-01

A cross-sectional study explored the presence and power of developmental assets in a sample of youth from rural South African townships. Learners (female = 58%; M age  = 17.1; N = 505) attending three township high schools completed self-report measures of developmental assets and thriving outcomes. Participants reported contextual assets (e.g., family, school, community) in the vulnerable ranges, with gender, family structure, and school type accounting for some differences. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that five asset contexts (family, school, community, personal, social) were uniquely predictive of thriving outcomes. Discussion focuses on contextual expressions of positive youth development among Zulu township youth in challenging environments. © 2017 The Authors. Child Development © 2017 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

27 CFR 9.156 - Diablo Grande.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... section 8, Township 6 South, Range 7 East (T. 6S., R. 7E.) on the Patterson Quadrangle U.S.G.S. map. (1... proceed due south past Copper Mountain in section 16, T. 6S., R. 6E., to Mikes Peak in section 4, T. 7S...

27 CFR 9.156 - Diablo Grande.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... section 8, Township 6 South, Range 7 East (T. 6S., R. 7E.) on the Patterson Quadrangle U.S.G.S. map. (1... proceed due south past Copper Mountain in section 16, T. 6S., R. 6E., to Mikes Peak in section 4, T. 7S...

27 CFR 9.156 - Diablo Grande.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section 8, Township 6 South, Range 7 East (T. 6S., R. 7E.) on the Patterson Quadrangle U.S.G.S. map. (1... proceed due south past Copper Mountain in section 16, T. 6S., R. 6E., to Mikes Peak in section 4, T. 7S...

40 CFR Appendix F to Part 112 - Facility-Specific Response Plan

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Guidelines (see Appendix E to this part, section 13, for availability), which satisfy Oil Pollution Act (OPA... contracts with response contractors shall be included in this section so that the availability of resources...: ___ Direction from City: ___ Section: ____ Township: ____ Range: ____ Borough: ____ Container Type: ___ Tank Oil...

40 CFR 81.345 - Utah.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... area of Utah County that lies west of the Wasatch Mountain Range (and this includes the Cities of Provo... Weber County that lies west of the Wasatch Mountain Range with an eastern boundary for Weber County to... within Utah: Township 15 North Range 1 East; Township 14 North Range 1 East; Township 13 North Range 1...

40 CFR 81.345 - Utah.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... area of Utah County that lies west of the Wasatch Mountain Range (and this includes the Cities of Provo... Weber County that lies west of the Wasatch Mountain Range with an eastern boundary for Weber County to... within Utah: Township 15 North Range 1 East; Township 14 North Range 1 East; Township 13 North Range 1...

NPDES Permit for Sunlight Ranch Company, Little Horn Unit in Montana

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Draft permit and statement of basis MT0029424 for a beef cattle feedlot located on the Crow Reservation at the SW ¼ of Section 3, NW 1/4 of Section 10, Township 9 South Range 34 East, Montana Principal Meridian.

27 CFR 9.52 - Chalk Hill.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the south line of Section 2, Township 8 North (T. 8 N.), Range 9 West (R. 9 W.) at the intersection of... boundary proceeds— (1) Southeasterly along Redwood Highway through Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the... boundary of Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the point of intersection with Starr Road; (3) The southerly...

27 CFR 9.52 - Chalk Hill.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the south line of Section 2, Township 8 North (T. 8 N.), Range 9 West (R. 9 W.) at the intersection of... boundary proceeds— (1) Southeasterly along Redwood Highway through Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the... boundary of Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the point of intersection with Starr Road; (3) The southerly...

27 CFR 9.52 - Chalk Hill.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the south line of Section 2, Township 8 North (T. 8 N.), Range 9 West (R. 9 W.) at the intersection of... boundary proceeds— (1) Southeasterly along Redwood Highway through Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the... boundary of Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the point of intersection with Starr Road; (3) The southerly...

27 CFR 9.52 - Chalk Hill.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the south line of Section 2, Township 8 North (T. 8 N.), Range 9 West (R. 9 W.) at the intersection of... boundary proceeds— (1) Southeasterly along Redwood Highway through Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the... boundary of Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the point of intersection with Starr Road; (3) The southerly...

27 CFR 9.52 - Chalk Hill.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the south line of Section 2, Township 8 North (T. 8 N.), Range 9 West (R. 9 W.) at the intersection of... boundary proceeds— (1) Southeasterly along Redwood Highway through Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the... boundary of Section 11, T. 8 N., R. 9 W., to the point of intersection with Starr Road; (3) The southerly...

Heath Van Essen

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA is providing notice of a proposed Administrative Penalty Assessment against Heath Van Essen, Respondent, an individual who owns or operates an animal feeding operation (“Facility”) that is located in Section 27 of Township 98 North, Range 47 West,

Tar Creek study, Sargent oil field, Santa Clara County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wagner, David L.; Fedasko, Bill; Carnahan, J.R.; Brunetti, Ross; Magoon, Leslie B.; Lillis, Paul G.; Lorenson, T.D.; Stanley, Richard G.

2002-01-01

Field work in the Tar Creek area of Sargent oil field was performed June 26 to 28, 2000. The Santa Clara County study area is located in Sections, 30, 31, and 32, Township 11 South, Range 4 East, M.D.B&M; and in Sections 25 and 36, Township 11 South, Range 3 East, M.D.B.&M., north and south of Tar Creek, west of Highway 101. The work was a cooperative effort of the California Department of Conservation's Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), California Geological Survey (CGS), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The purpose of the project was to map the stratigraphy and geologic structure (David Wagner, CGS); sample oil for age dating (Les Magoon, USGS); and search for undocumented wells plus conduct a GPS survey of the area (Bill Fedasko, J.P. Carnahan, and Ross Brunetti, DOGGR)

27 CFR 9.99 - Clear Lake.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Mt. Hannah in Section 16, Township 12 North (T12N), Range 8 West (R8W), identified as having an... Seigler Mountain in Section 23, T12N/R8W, identified as having an elevation of 3,692 feet; (2) Then east... the top of Round Mountain (8) Then northwesterly in a straight line to the southeast corner of Section...

27 CFR 9.99 - Clear Lake.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Mt. Hannah in Section 16, Township 12 North (T12N), Range 8 West (R8W), identified as having an... Seigler Mountain in Section 23, T12N/R8W, identified as having an elevation of 3,692 feet; (2) Then east... the top of Round Mountain (8) Then northwesterly in a straight line to the southeast corner of Section...

27 CFR 9.99 - Clear Lake.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Mt. Hannah in Section 16, Township 12 North (T12N), Range 8 West (R8W), identified as having an... Seigler Mountain in Section 23, T12N/R8W, identified as having an elevation of 3,692 feet; (2) Then east... the top of Round Mountain (8) Then northwesterly in a straight line to the southeast corner of Section...

27 CFR 9.99 - Clear Lake.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Mt. Hannah in Section 16, Township 12 North (T12N), Range 8 West (R8W), identified as having an... Seigler Mountain in Section 23, T12N/R8W, identified as having an elevation of 3,692 feet; (2) Then east... the top of Round Mountain (8) Then northwesterly in a straight line to the southeast corner of Section...

27 CFR 9.99 - Clear Lake.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Mt. Hannah in Section 16, Township 12 North (T12N), Range 8 West (R8W), identified as having an... Seigler Mountain in Section 23, T12N/R8W, identified as having an elevation of 3,692 feet; (2) Then east... the top of Round Mountain (8) Then northwesterly in a straight line to the southeast corner of Section...

Department of Defense Strategy to Support Multi-Agency Bat Conservation Initiative within the State of Utah

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-28

Range, and Section are entered. Datum: Geometric reference surface. Original Site Location datum is defined by user’s map datum; e.g. NAD27...Section are entered. Datum: Geometric reference surface. Original Site Location datum is defined by user’s map datum; e.g. NAD27 Conus or NAD83...Calculated and recorded automatically if the fields UTM_N and UTM_E or Township, Range, and Section are entered. 41 Datum: Geometric reference surface

78 FR 38734 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; Colorado

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... during normal business hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to leave a message.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The supplemental plat of section 4 in Township 43 North, Range 4 West, New Mexico...

77 FR 24978 - Eastern States: Filing of Plats of Survey; Mississippi

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-26

... surveyed are: St. Stephens Meridian, Mississippi T. 9 N., R. 17 W. The supplemental plat of Section 1, in Township 9 North, Range 17 West, of the St. Stephens Meridian, in the State Mississippi, and was accepted...

Heath Van Essen - Clean Water Act Public Notice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA is providing notice of a proposed Administrative Penalty Assessment against Heath Van Essen, Respondent, an individual who owns or operates an animal feeding operation (“Facility”) that is located in Section 27 of Township 98 North, Range 47 West,

27 CFR 9.149 - St. Helena.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 500 foot contour line in Section 7, Township 7 North (T7N), Range 5 West (R5W); (4) Thence along the... intersection with the county road known as Howell Mountain Road in Section 29, T8N, R5W; (13) Thence in a northeasterly direction approximately 900 feet along Howell Mountain Road to its intersection with Conn Valley...

27 CFR 9.149 - St. Helena.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 500 foot contour line in Section 7, Township 7 North (T7N), Range 5 West (R5W); (4) Thence along the... intersection with the county road known as Howell Mountain Road in Section 29, T8N, R5W; (13) Thence in a northeasterly direction approximately 900 feet along Howell Mountain Road to its intersection with Conn Valley...

27 CFR 9.149 - St. Helena.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 500 foot contour line in Section 7, Township 7 North (T7N), Range 5 West (R5W); (4) Thence along the... intersection with the county road known as Howell Mountain Road in Section 29, T8N, R5W; (13) Thence in a northeasterly direction approximately 900 feet along Howell Mountain Road to its intersection with Conn Valley...

27 CFR 9.149 - St. Helena.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 500 foot contour line in Section 7, Township 7 North (T7N), Range 5 West (R5W); (4) Thence along the... intersection with the county road known as Howell Mountain Road in Section 29, T8N, R5W; (13) Thence in a northeasterly direction approximately 900 feet along Howell Mountain Road to its intersection with Conn Valley...

Optimization Review, Fairfield Coal Gasification Plant Superfund Site, Fairfield, Iowa

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Fairfield Coal Gasification Plant (FCGP) also known as the Fairfield Former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) is located in the southwest 1/4 of the southeast 1/4, Section 26, Township 72 North, Range 10 West of Jefferson County, Iowa.

76 FR 39401 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement under Section 122(h) of the Comprehensive...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

... Landfill Superfund Site, City of Pleasantville and Egg Harbor Township, Atlantic County, NJ AGENCY... Pleasantville and Egg Harbor Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey (``Site''). In accordance with Section 122(i...

76 FR 12131 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey, Wyoming

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

... River, and the metes and bounds survey of Lots 5 and 6, section 21, Township 2 South, Range 1 West, Wind... described plats and field notes are available to the public at a cost of $1.10 per page. Dated: February 28...

27 CFR 9.89 - Umpqua Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... in Township 21 South (T21S), Range 4 West (R4W) on the “Roseburg” map. (1) From the beginning point... range line R8W/R9W approximately 3.5 miles to its intersection with township line T22S/T23S; (4) Thence southeast approximately 8.5 miles along a straight line to the intersection of township line T23S/T24S with...

27 CFR 9.89 - Umpqua Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... in Township 21 South (T21S), Range 4 West (R4W) on the “Roseburg” map. (1) From the beginning point... range line R8W/R9W approximately 3.5 miles to its intersection with township line T22S/T23S; (4) Thence southeast approximately 8.5 miles along a straight line to the intersection of township line T23S/T24S with...

27 CFR 9.179 - Southern Oregon.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... township line T22S-T23S; then (4) Proceed southeast approximately 8.5 miles along a straight line to the intersection of township line T23S-T24S with range line R7W-R8W; then south along the R7W-R8W range line... a straight line approximately 3.5 miles toward the intersection of township line T25S-T26S with...

27 CFR 9.179 - Southern Oregon.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... township line T22S-T23S; then (4) Proceed southeast approximately 8.5 miles along a straight line to the intersection of township line T23S-T24S with range line R7W-R8W; then south along the R7W-R8W range line... a straight line approximately 3.5 miles toward the intersection of township line T25S-T26S with...

75 FR 11937 - EDS, HP Company, Fairfield Township, OH; Notice of Termination of Investigation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-72,710] EDS, HP Company, Fairfield Township, OH; Notice of Termination of Investigation Pursuant to Section 223 of the Trade Act of... the State on behalf of workers of EDS, HP Company, Fairfield Township, Ohio. The petitioners have...

27 CFR 9.38 - Cienega Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... follows the Pescadero Creek Bed in a southeasterly direction about 100 feet to the unimproved road and continues southwesterly on the unimproved road .5 mile to where it intersects with the south border of... Section 28, Township 14 South, Range 6 East, where the 1400-foot contour line intersects the south border...

27 CFR 9.38 - Cienega Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... follows the Pescadero Creek Bed in a southeasterly direction about 100 feet to the unimproved road and continues southwesterly on the unimproved road .5 mile to where it intersects with the south border of... Section 28, Township 14 South, Range 6 East, where the 1400-foot contour line intersects the south border...

27 CFR 9.38 - Cienega Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... follows the Pescadero Creek Bed in a southeasterly direction about 100 feet to the unimproved road and continues southwesterly on the unimproved road .5 mile to where it intersects with the south border of... Section 28, Township 14 South, Range 6 East, where the 1400-foot contour line intersects the south border...

RAMP: a computer system for mapping regional areas

Treesearch

Bradley B. Nickey

1975-01-01

Until 1972, the U.S. Forest Service's Individual Fire Reports recorded locations by the section-township-range system..These earlier fire reports, therefore, lacked congruent locations. RAMP (Regional Area Mapping Procedure) was designed to make the reports more useful for quantitative analysis. This computer-based technique converts locations expressed in...

40 CFR 81.167 - Southeast Desert Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... township line common to T. 32 S. and T. 31 S.; then north along the range line common to R. 35 E. and R. 34 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 29 S. and T. 28 S.; then north along the range line common to R. 36 E. and R. 35 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 28 S. and T. 27 S...

40 CFR 81.167 - Southeast Desert Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... township line common to T. 32 S. and T. 31 S.; then north along the range line common to R. 35 E. and R. 34 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 29 S. and T. 28 S.; then north along the range line common to R. 36 E. and R. 35 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 28 S. and T. 27 S...

41 CFR 102-173.55 - What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... convention for Cities and Townships? 102-173.55 Section 102-173.55 Public Contracts and Property Management... TELECOMMUNICATIONS 173-INTERNET GOV DOMAIN Registration § 102-173.55 What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships? (a) To register any second-level domain within dot-gov, City (town) governments must register the...

41 CFR 102-173.55 - What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... convention for Cities and Townships? 102-173.55 Section 102-173.55 Public Contracts and Property Management... TELECOMMUNICATIONS 173-INTERNET GOV DOMAIN Registration § 102-173.55 What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships? (a) To register any second-level domain within dot-gov, City (town) governments must register the...

27 CFR 9.104 - South Coast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... along the Orange County line, to the intersection of that county line with the township line on the northern border of Township 7 South (in Range 6 West; on the Santa Ana map). (ii) From there eastward along that township line to its intersection with the northern boundary of the Temecula viticultural area...

27 CFR 9.104 - South Coast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... along the Orange County line, to the intersection of that county line with the township line on the northern border of Township 7 South (in Range 6 West; on the Santa Ana map). (ii) From there eastward along that township line to its intersection with the northern boundary of the Temecula viticultural area...

75 FR 8744 - Notice of Proposed Issuance of Recordable Disclaimer of Interest; Jerome County, ID

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... during World War II. Section 313 of the Act makes several adjustments to the Historical Site boundary and... situated in Lots 1 and 2, Section 5, Township 9 South, Range 19 East of the Boise Meridian. Tract No. 2 is... right having a radius of 716.20 feet, a distance of 80.10 feet to Engineer's Station 93-20.1 P.T...

Recording wildlife locations with the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid system

Treesearch

T. G. Grubb; W. L. Eakle

1988-01-01

The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) international, planar, grid system is described and shown to offer greater simplicity, efficiency and accuracy for plotting wildlife locations than the more familiar Latitude-Longitude (Latilong) and Section-Township-Range (Cadastral) systems, and the State planar system. Use of the UTM system is explained with examples.

27 CFR 9.190 - Red Hill Douglas County, Oregon.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... point where a pipeline crosses the T23S/T24S township line, proceed due west 0.8 mile along the T23S/T24S township line to its intersection with the 800-foot contour line just west of Pollock Creek in... with the T23S/T24S township line very near the northwest corner of section 4, T24S/R5W (Yoncalla...

27 CFR 9.190 - Red Hill Douglas County, Oregon.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... point where a pipeline crosses the T23S/T24S township line, proceed due west 0.8 mile along the T23S/T24S township line to its intersection with the 800-foot contour line just west of Pollock Creek in... with the T23S/T24S township line very near the northwest corner of section 4, T24S/R5W (Yoncalla...

76 FR 64968 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; South Dakota

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

... determine trust and tribal lands. The lands we surveyed are: Black Hills Meridian, South Dakota T. 12 N., R... portions of Spiel's Second Subdivision in section 18, Township 12 North, Range 24 East, Black Hills..., we described in the open files. They will be available to the public as a matter of information. If...

75 FR 20623 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; Arizona

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-20

... 22 West, accepted March 23, 2010, and officially filed March 25, 2010, for Group 1060, Arizona. This... \\1/4\\ of section 12, Township 11 South, Range 25 West, accepted March 2, 2010, and officially filed March 4, 2010, for Group 9104, Arizona. This plat was prepared at the request of the Bureau of Land...

"Two Exemptions and One Subsidy" (TEOS): Voices from a Grass-Roots School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dan, Wang

2008-01-01

Chaoyang township is one of the poorest townships in a national-level impoverished county in the southwest. Statistics show that the average per capita income for farming families was RMB1,931 per year in 2006. Before the highway came through the area, the residents of Chaoyang township had to walk for two whole days across mountain ranges to get…

Geothermal-energy files in computer storage: sites, cities, and industries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Dea, P.L.

1981-12-01

The site, city, and industrial files are described. The data presented are from the hydrothermal site file containing about three thousand records which describe some of the principal physical features of hydrothermal resources in the United States. Data elements include: latitude, longitude, township, range, section, surface temperature, subsurface temperature, the field potential, and well depth for commercialization. (MHR)

27 CFR 9.22 - Augusta.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-Warren County line from the beginning point to the township line identified on the approved maps as “T45N/T44N.” (3) The northern boundary is the township line “T45N/T44N” from the St. Charles County-Warren... the range line “R1E/R2E” from township line “T45N/T44N” extended to the St. Charles County-Franklin...

27 CFR 9.22 - Augusta.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-Warren County line from the beginning point to the township line identified on the approved maps as “T45N/T44N.” (3) The northern boundary is the township line “T45N/T44N” from the St. Charles County-Warren... the range line “R1E/R2E” from township line “T45N/T44N” extended to the St. Charles County-Franklin...

75 FR 76483 - Land Acquisitions; Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

....953 meters), thence South 38[deg]18'29'' East a distance of 460.63 feet (140.400 meters) to a POINT OF.../4\\4 of Section 16, Township 16 North, Range 22 East. Said parcel of land being described by meters... 399.49 feet (121.764 meters) West of the SE corner of said SE\\1/4\\ SW\\1/4\\; thence West along said...

The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital on the Association between Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction among Township Cadres in a Specific Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study

PubMed Central

Shang Guan, Chang-Yue; Li, Yu; Ma, Hong-Lin

2017-01-01

Background: Township cadres, considered as basic executors of state policy, play an important role in Chinese society. Their job satisfaction is a vital issue for township management, but there are few studies on this topic in China. The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction, and to further examine whether psychological capital (PsyCap) can serve as a mediator between stress and job satisfaction in Chinese township cadres. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out during the period of from October 2015 to January 2016 in Liaoning Province of China. The questionnaires, which consisted of an effort-reward imbalance scale, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) for job satisfaction, and the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ-24), as well as questions about demographic characteristics, were distributed to 1800 township cadres and complete responses were received from 1525 participants. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the role that psychological capital played in mediating between occupational stress and job satisfaction. Results: In the present study, effort-reward ratio (ERR= 11 × effort/6 × reward) was negatively associated with job satisfaction (r = −0.372, p < 0.001), whereas psychological capital was positively associated with job satisfaction in township cadres (r = 0.587, p < 0.001) from a specific province in China. Psychological capital is a mediator between the association of job stress and job satisfaction. Conclusions: Psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among Chinese township cadres. Interventions to improve Chinese township cadres’ job satisfaction should be developed in the future, especially the enhancement of PsyCap. Interventions need to be verified in further cohort studies. At present, we are only proposing a theoretical model. Intervention effects need to be validated in further cohort studies. PMID:28846644

The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital on the Association between Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction among Township Cadres in a Specific Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PubMed

Shang Guan, Chang-Yue; Li, Yu; Ma, Hong-Lin

2017-08-28

Background : Township cadres, considered as basic executors of state policy, play an important role in Chinese society. Their job satisfaction is a vital issue for township management, but there are few studies on this topic in China. The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction, and to further examine whether psychological capital (PsyCap) can serve as a mediator between stress and job satisfaction in Chinese township cadres. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was carried out during the period of from October 2015 to January 2016 in Liaoning Province of China. The questionnaires, which consisted of an effort-reward imbalance scale, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) for job satisfaction, and the psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ-24), as well as questions about demographic characteristics, were distributed to 1800 township cadres and complete responses were received from 1525 participants. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the role that psychological capital played in mediating between occupational stress and job satisfaction. Results : In the present study, effort-reward ratio (ERR= 11 × effort/6 × reward) was negatively associated with job satisfaction (r = -0.372, p < 0.001), whereas psychological capital was positively associated with job satisfaction in township cadres (r = 0.587, p < 0.001) from a specific province in China. Psychological capital is a mediator between the association of job stress and job satisfaction. Conclusions : Psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among Chinese township cadres. Interventions to improve Chinese township cadres' job satisfaction should be developed in the future, especially the enhancement of PsyCap. Interventions need to be verified in further cohort studies. At present, we are only proposing a theoretical model. Intervention effects need to be validated in further cohort studies.

78 FR 21849 - Television Broadcasting Services; Ely, NV to Middletown Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-12

... FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 47 CFR Part 73 [MB Docket No. 13-72; RM-11694, DA 13-448] Television Broadcasting Services; Ely, NV to Middletown Township, NJ AGENCY: Federal Communications... to Middletown, New Jersey, pursuant to section 331(a) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended...

Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in part of lower Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, May and June 1994

USGS Publications Warehouse

McManus, B.C.

1995-01-01

A map showing ground-water levels in part of Lower Providence Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, was constructed from water levels measured in 62 wells from May and June 1994. Observed water-level altitudes range from 60 feet above sea level near the Betzwood Picnic Area to 187 feet above sea level near the intersection of Egypt Road and Rittenhouse Road in Lower Providence Township.

Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in Buckingham and Wrightstown townships, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, June 1992 through January 1993

USGS Publications Warehouse

McManus, B.C.; Schreffler, C.L.; Rowland, C.J.

1994-01-01

A map showing ground-water levels in Buckingham and Wrightstown Townships, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, was constructed from water levels measured in 251 wells and from 3 reported elevations of quarry sumps from June 1992 through January 1993. Observed water-level altitudes range from 459 feet above sea level along Burnt House Hill Road, south- west of Mechanicsville, to 10 feet above sea level along Swamp Road and Route 232, near Neshaminy Creek in Wrightstown Township.

75 FR 65323 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement Under Section 122 of the Comprehensive Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-22

... Vantage Landfill Superfund Site Located in Alexandria Township, Hunterdon County, NJ. AGENCY... EPA at the Crown Vantage Landfill Superfund Site located in Alexandria Township, Hunterdon County, New... reference the Crown Vantage Landfill Superfund Site, EPA Index No. 02-2010-2021 and should be sent to the U...

Parental "Choice": The Liberty Principle in Education Finance: New Scholar Section

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ndimande, Bekisizwe

2006-01-01

Despite the promise of equal educational opportunities for all, most public schools in the townships of South Africa have remained poorly funded and thus have become dysfunctional. As a result most poor parents from townships have started to transfer their children to schools with better resources and education facilities in the suburban areas.…

Eastern Iowa, Northwestern Illinois

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

This view of the Mississippi and Iowa River Valleys (41.5N, 90.5W) shows the rich agricultural region of the upper midwest. Most of the farms occupy one statute mile squares bounded by roads that coincide with the section lines used in the township and range system of surveying practiced in the U.S. central plains, the heart of the great corn belt. Other crops grown in the region include oats, soybeans, hay and alfalfa.

40 CFR 81.13 - New Jersey-New York-Connecticut Interstate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...): In the State of Connecticut: Bethel Township, Bridgeport Township, Bridgewater, Brookfield Township, Danbury Township, Darien Township, Easton Township, Fairfield Township, Greenwich Township, Monroe Township, New Canaan Township, New Fairfield Township, New Milford, Newtown Township, Norwalk Township...

40 CFR 81.324 - Minnesota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Township, Laketown Township, Waconia Township, Watertown Township, Young America Township ......do..., Credit River Township, Jackson Township, Louisville Township, New Market Township, Spring Lake Township ......do Attainment Washington County (part) All cities and townships except Denmark Township Wright County...

40 CFR 81.324 - Minnesota.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Township, Laketown Township, Waconia Township, Watertown Township, Young America Township ......do..., Credit River Township, Jackson Township, Louisville Township, New Market Township, Spring Lake Township ......do Attainment Washington County (part) All cities and townships except Denmark Township Wright County...

Factors Associated with the Competencies of Public Health Workers in Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chongqing Municipality, China

PubMed Central

He, Zhifei; Cheng, Zhaohui; Fu, Hang; Tang, Shangfeng; Fu, Qian; Fang, Haiqing; Xian, Yue; Ming, Hui; Feng, Zhanchun

2015-01-01

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the competencies of public health workers (PHWs) of township hospitals in Chongqing Municipality (China), and determine the related impact factors of the competencies of PHWs; Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted on 314 PHWs from 27 township hospitals in three districts in Chongqing Municipality (China), from June to August 2014. A self-assessment questionnaire was established on the basis of literature reviews and a competency dictionary. The differences in competencies among the three districts were determined by adopting the chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, and the impact factors of the competencies of PHWs were determined by adopting stepwise regression analysis. Results: (1) Results of the demographic characteristics of PHWs in three sample districts of Chongqing Municipality showed that a significant difference in age of PHWs (p = 0.021 < 0.05) and the majors of PHWs (p = 0.045 < 0.05); (2) In terms of the self-evaluation competency results of PHWs in township hospitals, seven among the 11 aspects were found to have significant differences in the three districts by the ANOVA test; (3) By adopting the t-test and ANOVA method, results of the relationship between the characteristics of PHWs and their competency scores showed that significant differences were found in the economic level (p = 0.000 < 0.05), age (p = 0.000 < 0.05), years of working (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and title of PHWs (p = 0.000 < 0.05); (4) Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the impact factors of the competencies of PHWs in township hospitals, including the economic level (p = 0.000 < 0.001), years of working (p = 0.000 < 0.001), title (p = 0.001 < 0.005), and public health major (p = 0.007 < 0.01). Conclusions: The competencies of the township hospital staff in Chongqing Municipality (China), are generally insufficient, therefore, regulating the medical education and training skills of PHWs is crucial to improve the competencies of PHWs in the township hospitals of Chongqing Municipality. The results of this study can be mirrored in other areas of China. PMID:26569273

Factors Associated with the Competencies of Public Health Workers in Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chongqing Municipality, China.

PubMed

He, Zhifei; Cheng, Zhaohui; Fu, Hang; Tang, Shangfeng; Fu, Qian; Fang, Haiqing; Xian, Yue; Ming, Hui; Feng, Zhanchun

2015-11-09

This study aimed to explore the competencies of public health workers (PHWs) of township hospitals in Chongqing Municipality (China), and determine the related impact factors of the competencies of PHWs; A cross-sectional research was conducted on 314 PHWs from 27 township hospitals in three districts in Chongqing Municipality (China), from June to August 2014. A self-assessment questionnaire was established on the basis of literature reviews and a competency dictionary. The differences in competencies among the three districts were determined by adopting the chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, and the impact factors of the competencies of PHWs were determined by adopting stepwise regression analysis. (1) RESULTS of the demographic characteristics of PHWs in three sample districts of Chongqing Municipality showed that a significant difference in age of PHWs (p = 0.021 < 0.05) and the majors of PHWs (p = 0.045 < 0.05); (2) In terms of the self-evaluation competency results of PHWs in township hospitals, seven among the 11 aspects were found to have significant differences in the three districts by the ANOVA test; (3) By adopting the t-test and ANOVA method, results of the relationship between the characteristics of PHWs and their competency scores showed that significant differences were found in the economic level (p = 0.000 < 0.05), age (p = 0.000 < 0.05), years of working (p = 0.000 < 0.05) and title of PHWs (p = 0.000 < 0.05); (4) Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the impact factors of the competencies of PHWs in township hospitals, including the economic level (p = 0.000 < 0.001), years of working (p = 0.000 < 0.001), title (p = 0.001 < 0.005), and public health major (p = 0.007 < 0.01). The competencies of the township hospital staff in Chongqing Municipality (China), are generally insufficient, therefore, regulating the medical education and training skills of PHWs is crucial to improve the competencies of PHWs in the township hospitals of Chongqing Municipality. The results of this study can be mirrored in other areas of China.

Archaeological Investigations at the East Aberdeen Site (22Mo819), Tombigbee River Multi-Resource District, Alabama and Mississippi.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

the organization of the historic community and how it changed through time. These were derived directly from the historic research design mentioned...2 of the Southwest 1/4 of Section 23, Township 14, Range 19 West. This property, owned by Lamon in 1854, more closely fits the description of the...constructed years earlier by a company headed by Nathan Bedford Forrest. Forrest’s railroad company, organized in 1870 as the Selma, Marion, and Memphis

Records of wells drilled for oil and gas in Montana, June 1, 1951 through December 31, 1953

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, Howard R.

1955-01-01

Data concerning about 1, 800 dry holes and selected producing wells drilled in Montana from June 1, 1951, through December 31, 1953, are contained in this circular, which supplements Circular 172 published in 1952. Also included is a table listing the oil and gas fields of Montana. WELLS DRILLED FOR OIL AND GAS IN MONTANA FROM JUNE 1, 1951, THOROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1953 This circular contains data on dry holes and selected producing wells drilled in Montana from June 1, 1951, through December 31, 1953, and supplements Circular 172 published in 1952 showing records of wells drilled prior to June 1, 1951. Table 1 lists the oil and gas fields of Montana (see map OM 130). The list of wells in table 2 has been compiled from information in Geological Survey files and includes most if not all the unsuccessful wildcat test wells and unsuccessful field extension wells drilled from June 1, 1951 to December 31, 1953. It also includes some older but successful field extension wells that had not been listed in Circular 172. Data are tabulated under location, county, field or geologic structure, operator, lease, and well number, elevation, geologic formation (at the surface and lowest formation reached), production or shows of oil or gas, total depth, and status and date. The wells are tabulated by township, range, quarter, and section in the order of townships north-ranges west, townships north-ranges east, townships south-ranges east, and townships south-ranges west. The names entered under 'Field or geologic structure' are those of the productive area or the geologic structure on or near which the wells have been drilled. Ground elevations have been given for wells for which the records indicated the reference point of the elevation. The surface formation and lowest formation reached in the wells are indicated by symbols which are identified on the accompanying explanation of formation symbols (fig. 1). Not all of the nomenclature is in accord with current Geological Survey usage. In the column 'Production or shows of oil and gas' the symbol GS is used for gas shows, OS for oil shows, GOS for shows of both gas and oil, GP for gas production, and OP for oil production. A number following the symbol for a show or production indicates the depth to the top of the zone in which the gas or oil was found. The letter symbol following the number or the hyphen indicates the geologic formation in which the gas or oil occurs. The status and depth of each well is indicated. The letters A, C, and D preceding the date indicate abandoned, completed, or drilling, respectively, in the specified year. Most if not all producing wells that have been abandoned are shown as completed wells. The date of abandonment is the year in which drilling ceased, except for a few wells in which the abandonment was preceded by one or more years of suspended operations. The diagrammatic representation of the succession of geologic formations in Montana (fig. 1) provides identification of the letter symbols used in the tabulation to indicate geologic formations.

Study of the lithology, petrology and rock chemistry for the Pyramid Mountains, New Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grant, S. K.

1985-01-01

Rock and soil samples were collected at 24 sites within the Pyramid Mountains of southwestern New Mexico. The site locations are specified as 10-acre plots within the Section, Township, and Range land survey system. Hand specimen are described. The specimen were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. The technique is designed to obtain good analysis for silica. The other elements are run so that matrix factor logic can be used to adjust the silica intensities, and to compensate for the element interaction.

75 FR 32684 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-09

... feet downstream of Duff Road. West Cane Run (Backwater effects From the confluence None +466 Unincorpor..., Township of Harmony, Township of Knowlton, Township of Lopatcong, Township of Pohatcong, Township of White..., Pohatcong Township Municipal Building, Phillipsburg, NJ 08865. Township of White Maps are available for...

Are current case-finding methods under-diagnosing tuberculosis among women in Myanmar? An analysis of operational data from Yangon and the nationwide prevalence survey.

PubMed

Khan, M S; Khine, T M; Hutchison, C; Coker, R J; Hane, K M; Innes, A L; Aung, S

2016-03-03

Although there is a large increase in investment for tuberculosis control in Myanmar, there are few operational analyses to inform policies. Only 34% of nationally reported cases are from women. In this study, we investigate sex differences in tuberculosis diagnoses in Myanmar in order to identify potential health systems barriers that may be driving lower tuberculosis case finding among women. From October 2014 to March 2015, we systematically collected data on all new adult smear positive tuberculosis cases in ten township health centres across Yangon, the largest city in Myanmar, to produce an electronic tuberculosis database. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of sex differences in tuberculosis diagnoses at the township health centres. We also analysed national prevalence survey data to calculate additional case finding in men and women by using sputum culture when smear microscopy was negative, and estimated the sex-specific impact of using a more sensitive diagnostic tool at township health centres. Overall, only 514 (30%) out of 1371 new smear positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed at the township health centres were female. The proportion of female patients varied by township (from 21% to 37%, p = 0.0172), month of diagnosis (37% in February 2015 and 23% in March 2015 p = 0.0004) and age group (26% in 25-64 years and 49% in 18-25 years, p < 0.0001). Smear microscopy grading of sputum specimens was not substantially different between sexes. The prevalence survey analysis indicated that the use of a more sensitive diagnostic tool could result in the proportion of females diagnosed at township health centres increasing to 36% from 30%. Our study, which is the first to systematically compile and analyse routine operational data from tuberculosis diagnostic centres in Myanmar, found that substantially fewer women than men were diagnosed in all study townships. The sex ratio of newly diagnosed cases varied by age group, month of diagnosis and township of diagnosis. Low sensitivity of tuberculosis diagnosis may lead to a potential under-diagnosis of tuberculosis among women.

40 CFR 81.315 - Indiana.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Designation Date Type Indianapolis, IN 1 10-4-13 Nonattainment. Marion County (part) Wayne Township, Center Township, Perry Township Morgan County, IN 1 10-4-13 Nonattainment. Morgan County (part) Clay Township, Washington Township Southwest Indiana, IN 1 10-4-13 Nonattainment. Daviess County (part) Veale Township Pike...

28. CROSS SECTION OF A RECTANGULAR COKE OVEN SHOWING THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. CROSS SECTION OF A RECTANGULAR COKE OVEN SHOWING THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE OVEN. - Tower Hill No. 2 Mine, Approximately 0.47 mile Southwest of intersection of Stone Church Road & Township Route 561, Hibbs, Fayette County, PA

Cultural Resources Survey of Areas to be Affected by New Facilities at Two Locations Within the Indian Memorial Recreation Area, Lake Oahe, South Dakota,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-07-01

of utilization patterns associated with various lithic resources. Some confusion regarding the Davis Site (39C014) and the Red Horse Hawk Site (39C034...the Red Horse Hawk Site. The sketch map on page 57, which is labeled "Red Horse Hawk," seems to be of the site which recent investigators have...numbers in the State site card file.) 39C034 - Red Horse Hawk Location: 0 of a of Section& Township North, Range 0 East. Comment: This fortified

75 FR 55515 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-13

... Road. Township of Hollenback, Township of Rice, Township of Wright. Approximately 535 feet None +1526 upstream of Dale Drive. Black Creek Approximately 910 feet None +1461 Borough of West upstream of Hazleton.... Township of Rice Maps are available for inspection at the Rice Township Building, 3000 Church Road...

77 FR 24382 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; North Carolina; Annual Emissions...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-24

..., Lincoln, Rowan, and Union Counties in their entireties and Davidson Township and Coddle Creek Township in..., Durham, Forsyth, Gaston, Guilford, Mecklenburg, and Wake County, the Dutchville Township in Granville... entireties and Davidson Township and Coddle Creek Township in Iredell County to the annual emissions...

75 FR 22785 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement Under Section 122 of the Comprehensive Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-30

... Leaman Tank Lines, Inc. Superfund Site Located in Logan Township, Gloucester County, NJ AGENCY..., Inc. (the ``Settling Party'') pursuant to Section 122 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (``CERCLA''), 42 U.S.C. 9622. The Settlement Agreement provides for Settling...

Concern about Workplace Violence and Its Risk Factors in Chinese Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PubMed

Xing, Kai; Zhang, Xue; Jiao, Mingli; Cui, Yu; Lu, Yan; Liu, Jinghua; Zhang, Jingjing; Zhao, Yuchong; Zhao, Yanming; Li, Ye; Liang, Libo; Kang, Zheng; Wu, Qunhong; Yin, Mei

2016-08-10

Workplace violence in Chinese township hospitals is a major public health problem. We identified the risk factors of healthcare workers' worry about experiencing workplace violence in 90 Chinese township hospitals and determined specific measures for differing stages of violence (based on crisis management theory). Participants were 440 general practitioners and 398 general nurses from Heilongjiang Province, China (response rate 84.6%). One hundred and six (12.6%) respondents reported being physically attacked in their workplace in the previous 12 months. Regarding psychological violence, the most common type reported was verbal abuse (46.0%). While most (85.2%) respondents had some degree of worry about suffering violence, 22.1% were worried or very worried. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that being ≤35 years of age, having a lower educational level, having less work experience, and working night shifts were all associated with worry about workplace violence. Furthermore, those without experience of such violence were more likely to worry about it. Respondents' suggested measures for controlling violence included "widening channels on medical dispute solutions," "improving doctor-patient communication," and "advocating for respect for medical workers via the media." Results suggest the target factors for reducing healthcare workers' worry by according to the type of education and training and possible measures for limiting workplace violence in township hospitals.

Physical Violence against General Practitioners and Nurses in Chinese Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey

PubMed Central

Xing, Kai; Jiao, Mingli; Ma, Hongkun; Qiao, Hong; Hao, Yanhua; Li, Ye; Gao, Lijun; Sun, Hong; Kang, Zheng; Liang, Libo; Wu, Qunhong

2015-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors of physical violence in Chinese township hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used in a sample of 442 general practitioners and 398 general nurses from 90 township hospitals located in Heilongjiang province, China (response rate = 84.8%). Results A total of 106 of the 840 (12.6%) respondents reported being physically attacked in their workplace in the previous 12 months. Most perpetrators were the patients’ relatives (62.3%), followed by the patient (22.6%); 73.6% of perpetrators were aged between 20 and 40 years. Of the physical violence incidents, about 56.6% (n = 60) resulted in a physical injury, and 45.4% of respondents took two or three days of sick leave. Reporting workplace violence in hospitals to superiors or authorities was low (9.4%). Most respondents (62.8%) did not receive training on how to avoid workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses indicated that general nurses, aged 35 years or younger, and with a higher-level professional title were more likely to experience physical violence. Healthcare workers with direct physical contact (washing, turning, lifting) with patients had a higher risk of physical violence compared to other health care workers. Procedures for reporting workplace violence were a protective factor for physical violence; when in place, reporting after psychological violence (verbal abuse, bullying/mobbing, harassment, and threats) was more protective than waiting until an instance of physical violence (beating, kicking, slapping, stabbing, etc.). Conclusions Physical violence in Chinese township hospitals is an occupational hazard of rural public health concern. Policies, procedures, and intervention strategies should be undertaken to manage this issue. PMID:26571388

75 FR 39445 - Special Local Regulation; Harrison Township Grand Prix, Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-09

...-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Harrison Township Grand Prix, Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI... temporary special local regulation in the Captain of the Port Detroit Zone on Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, Michigan. This special local regulation is intended to restrict vessels from portions of Lake St...

75 FR 21194 - Special Local Regulation; Harrison Township Grand Prix, Lake St. Clair; Harrison Township, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-23

...-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Harrison Township Grand Prix, Lake St. Clair; Harrison Township, MI... establishing a temporary special local regulation in the Captain of the Port Detroit Zone on Lake St. Clair... Lake St. Clair during the Harrison Township Grand Prix. This special local regulation is necessary to...

Increasing family planning in Myanmar: the role of the private sector and social franchise programs.

PubMed

Aung, Tin; Hom, Nang Mo; Sudhinaraset, May

2017-07-01

This study examines the influence of clinical social franchise program on modern contraceptive use. This was a cross-sectional survey of contraceptive use among 2390 currently married women across 25 townships in Myanmar in 2014. Social franchise program measures were from programmatic records. Multivariable models show that women who lived in communities with at least 1-5 years of a clinical social franchise intrauterine device (IUD) program had 4.770 higher odds of using a modern contraceptive method compared to women living in communities with no IUD program [CI: 3.739-6.084]. Townships where the reproductive health program had existed for at least 10 years had 1.428 higher odds of reporting modern method use compared to women living in townships where the programs had existed for less than 10 years [CI: 1.016-2.008]. This study found consistent and robust evidence for an increase in family planning methods over program duration as well as intensity of social franchise programs.

Concern about Workplace Violence and Its Risk Factors in Chinese Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study

PubMed Central

Xing, Kai; Zhang, Xue; Jiao, Mingli; Cui, Yu; Lu, Yan; Liu, Jinghua; Zhang, Jingjing; Zhao, Yuchong; Zhao, Yanming; Li, Ye; Liang, Libo; Kang, Zheng; Wu, Qunhong; Yin, Mei

2016-01-01

Workplace violence in Chinese township hospitals is a major public health problem. We identified the risk factors of healthcare workers’ worry about experiencing workplace violence in 90 Chinese township hospitals and determined specific measures for differing stages of violence (based on crisis management theory). Participants were 440 general practitioners and 398 general nurses from Heilongjiang Province, China (response rate 84.6%). One hundred and six (12.6%) respondents reported being physically attacked in their workplace in the previous 12 months. Regarding psychological violence, the most common type reported was verbal abuse (46.0%). While most (85.2%) respondents had some degree of worry about suffering violence, 22.1% were worried or very worried. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that being ≤35 years of age, having a lower educational level, having less work experience, and working night shifts were all associated with worry about workplace violence. Furthermore, those without experience of such violence were more likely to worry about it. Respondents’ suggested measures for controlling violence included “widening channels on medical dispute solutions,” “improving doctor-patient communication,” and “advocating for respect for medical workers via the media.” Results suggest the target factors for reducing healthcare workers’ worry by according to the type of education and training and possible measures for limiting workplace violence in township hospitals. PMID:27517949

75 FR 61377 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-05

... Township of Pulaski. downstream of Willow Tree Estate. Approximately 144 feet None +814 upstream of Willow.... Tributary to Walnut Bottom Run...... Approximately 720 feet None +901 Township of White. upstream of... Township Hall, 1234 State Route 18, Aliquippa, PA 15001. Township of White Maps are available for...

40 CFR 81.181 - Down East Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... boundaries of Patten and Stacyville Townships and running due west to the intersection of said line with... Plantation; then northwest along the western boundary of Monson Township to the northwest corner of Monson Township; then northeast along the northern boundaries of Monson, Willimantic, and Bowerbank Townships, the...

40 CFR 81.181 - Down East Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... boundaries of Patten and Stacyville Townships and running due west to the intersection of said line with... Plantation; then northwest along the western boundary of Monson Township to the northwest corner of Monson Township; then northeast along the northern boundaries of Monson, Willimantic, and Bowerbank Townships, the...

78 FR 44433 - Safety Zone; Metedeconk River; Brick Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Metedeconk River; Brick Township, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary... recurring fireworks event held in the Metedeconk River in Brick Township, NJ. The fireworks display is... for the Metedeconk River, Brick Township, NJ Safety Zone will be added from 6:30 p.m. until 10 p.m. on...

40 CFR 81.182 - Northwest Maine Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Fort Kent Township and running due south to the intersection of the said line with the Aroostook... intersected by a line common to the northern boundary of Township No. 6, Phillips Town, Salem Township, and Freeman Township to the intersection of the said line with the Franklin-Somerset County boundary, which is...

43 CFR 9185.4-1 - Estimate of cost.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... may, in the case of densely entered townships, involve an expense of $5,000 or more per township. (b... mere reestablishment of lost or obliterated or misplaced corners in a limited area of a township, such... corners. Employees of the Government are prohibited from participating in the resurvey of a township or...

40 CFR 81.182 - Northwest Maine Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Fort Kent Township and running due south to the intersection of the said line with the Aroostook... intersected by a line common to the northern boundary of Township No. 6, Phillips Town, Salem Township, and Freeman Township to the intersection of the said line with the Franklin-Somerset County boundary, which is...

Betel Quid and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in a Periurban Township in Myanmar.

PubMed

Zaw, Ko-Ko; Ohnmar, Mya; Hlaing, Moh-Moh; Oo, Yin-Thet-Nu; Win, Swe-Swe; Htike, Maung-Maung-Than; Aye, Phyu-Phyu; Shwe, Sein; Htwe, Moe-Thida; Thein, Zaw-Moe

2016-01-01

This study aims to describe betel quid chewing practice and compare oral potentially malignant disorders between chewers and non-chewers of betel quid among residents in Dagon Myothit (East) Township, Myanmar. The study used a cross-sectional design conducted with a representative sample of 542 adults aged 18 years and above in the township. The trained interviewers collected data using a pretested structured questionnaire. On-site oral examination was done for suspected oral lesions. The mean age of the respondents was 45 years and 59% were women. Fifty-two percent of the respondents were currently in the habit of chewing betel quids (72% of men and 39% of women). Among 284 current betel quid chewers, 240 (85%) chewed betel quids together with tobacco. Out of 284 current betel quid chewers, 24 (8.5%) were found to have oral potentially malignant disorders; out of 258 betel quid non-chewers, only 1 (0.4%) was found to have oral potentially malignant disorders. This highlights the growing importance of smokeless tobacco use as public health problem.

Betel Quid and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in a Periurban Township in Myanmar

PubMed Central

Zaw, Ko-Ko; Ohnmar, Mya; Hlaing, Moh-Moh; Oo, Yin-Thet-Nu; Win, Swe-Swe; Htike, Maung-Maung-Than; Aye, Phyu-Phyu; Shwe, Sein; Htwe, Moe-Thida; Thein, Zaw-Moe

2016-01-01

This study aims to describe betel quid chewing practice and compare oral potentially malignant disorders between chewers and non-chewers of betel quid among residents in Dagon Myothit (East) Township, Myanmar. The study used a cross-sectional design conducted with a representative sample of 542 adults aged 18 years and above in the township. The trained interviewers collected data using a pretested structured questionnaire. On-site oral examination was done for suspected oral lesions. The mean age of the respondents was 45 years and 59% were women. Fifty-two percent of the respondents were currently in the habit of chewing betel quids (72% of men and 39% of women). Among 284 current betel quid chewers, 240 (85%) chewed betel quids together with tobacco. Out of 284 current betel quid chewers, 24 (8.5%) were found to have oral potentially malignant disorders; out of 258 betel quid non-chewers, only 1 (0.4%) was found to have oral potentially malignant disorders. This highlights the growing importance of smokeless tobacco use as public health problem. PMID:27611195

78 FR 5556 - Public Hearing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

... Energy USA Inc. (Towanda Creek--Franklin Township Volunteer Fire Department), Franklin Township, Bradford.... 20081210). 19. Project Sponsor and Facility: Titanium Metals Corporation (TIMET), Caernarvon Township...

78 FR 28139 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Tuckahoe River, Between Corbin City and Upper Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... Operation Regulation; Tuckahoe River, Between Corbin City and Upper Township, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... River, mile 8.0, between Corbin City and Upper Township, NJ. The deviation is necessary to facilitate... operating schedule, the State Highway Bridge, mile 8.0, between Corbin City and Upper Township, NJ shall...

78 FR 28891 - Proposed Flood Hazard Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... sciences established to review conflicting scientific and technical data and provide recommendations for.... Township of Madison Madison Township Building, 1183 Madison Shop Road, Rimersburg, PA 16246. Township of...

78 FR 49254 - Approval of Subzone Status; GE Transportation; Lawrence Park Township and Grove City, Pennsylvania

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-13

... Status; GE Transportation; Lawrence Park Township and Grove City, Pennsylvania On May 16, 2013, the... activation limit of FTZ 247, on behalf of GE Transportation, in Lawrence Park Township and Grove City... establish Subzone 247A in Lawrence Park Township and Subzone 247B in Grove City are approved, subject to the...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: IBM Corporation in Dayton, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The IBM facility is located at 431 Ridge Road on a 66-acre parcel in a mixed residential and industrial section of Dayton, South Brunswick Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. IBM's manufacturing plant was constructed in 1956 and used until 1985 for

40 CFR 52.2033 - Control strategy: Sulfur oxides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... demonstration State Implementation Plan for the Conewango Township, Pleasant Township, Glade Township, and City... Monongahela River Valley areas of the Allegheny County Air Basin in Allegheny County, submitted by the...

[Downscaling research of spatial distribution of incidence of hand foot and mouth disease based on area-to-area Poisson Kriging method].

PubMed

Wang, J X; Hu, M G; Yu, S C; Xiao, G X

2017-09-10

Objective: To understand the spatial distribution of incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) at scale of township and provide evidence for the better prevention and control of HFMD and allocation of medical resources. Methods: The incidence data of HFMD in 108 counties (district) in Shandong province in 2010 were collected. Downscaling interpolation was conducted by using area-to-area Poisson Kriging method. The interpolation results were visualized by using geographic information system (GIS). The county (district) incidence was interpolated into township incidence to get the distribution of spatial distribution of incidence of township. Results: In the downscaling interpolation, the range of the fitting semi-variance equation was 20.38 km. Within the range, the incidence had correlation with each other. The fitting function of scatter diagram of estimated and actual incidence of HFMD at country level was y =1.053 1 x , R (2)=0.99. The incidences at different scale were consistent. Conclusions: The incidence of HFMD had spatial autocorrelation within 20.38 km. When HFMD occurs in one place, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and allocation of medical resource in the surrounding area within 20.38 km. Area to area Poisson Kriging method based downscaling research can be used in spatial visualization of HFMD incidence.

78 FR 48703 - Proposed Flood Hazard Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

..., Bridgeville, PA 15017. Borough of Carnegie Borough Building, 1 Veterans Way, Carnegie, PA 15106. Borough of.... Township of Scott Scott Township Office, 301 Lindsay Road, Carnegie, PA 15106. Township of Shaler Shaler...

100 Years of Change for Better Schools: A Short Report of Buffalo Township, Winnebago County, Iowa and Its Schools from 1895 to 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dreier, William H.; Pilgrim, Ronald

In Winnebago County, Iowa, the earliest school district was the township, organized with ungraded one-room schools. The town of Buffalo Center worked with its township school district to become, in 1895, a town independent school district with its service area being the township. In 1896 the new district offered graded elementary and high schools.…

76 FR 38416 - Notice of Filing of Plats of Survey; Montana

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-30

... S., R. 10 E. The plat, in three sheets, representing the dependent resurvey of a portion of the... Township 6 South, Range 10 East, Principal Meridian, Montana, was accepted June 21, 2011. We will place a...

Psychological violence against general practitioners and nurses in Chinese township hospitals: incidence and implications.

PubMed

Li, Peng; Xing, Kai; Qiao, Hong; Fang, Huiying; Ma, Hongkun; Jiao, Mingli; Hao, Yanhua; Li, Ye; Liang, Libo; Gao, Lijun; Kang, Zheng; Cui, Yu; Sun, Hong; Wu, Qunhong; Liu, Ming

2018-06-05

International reports indicating that around 10-50% of health care staff are exposed to violence every year; in certain settings, this rate might reach over 85%. Evidence has shown that people who experience psychological violence are seven times as likely to be victims of physical violence. Although there have been numerous studies on WPV in general hospitals, there is no consensus regarding the current status of psychological violence directed at health care workers in township hospitals in China. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors of psychological violence in Chinese township hospitals. A retrospective cross-sectional survey of township hospitals general practitioners and general nurses was conducted in Heilongjiang Province, China.Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression analysis were used to estimated the prevalence and the risk factors of psychological violence. Regardless of whether the assessment period was the past 12 months, past 36 months, or during their entire career,GPs and nurses reported that verbal abuse was the most common type of psychological violence (28.05, 30.28, 38.69 and 40.45%, 43.86, 54.02%).The main perpetrator was patients' relatives. Most participants responded to violence with "pretend nothing happened", 55.63% of GPs and 62.64% of nurses reported that the perpetrator received no punishment. Around 47.62% of respondents reported that their workplace had no procedures for reporting violence. When workplaces did have a reporting system, 57.73% knew how to use them. Only 36.98% had training in managing aggression and violence. General nurses, individuals 35 years or younger, those with higher professional titles and who work in shifts are at greater risk of psychological violence. Our results indicate a high prevalence of psychological violence in Chinese township hospitals, which can no longer be ignored. Effective measures should be taken to prevent and respond to workplace violence(WPV), especially psychological violence. (Project Identification Code: HMUIRB20160014), Registered May 10, 2016.

Environment, from west, showing Castle Garden Bridge carrying Township Road ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Environment, from west, showing Castle Garden Bridge carrying Township Road 343 over Bennetts Branch of Sinnermahoning Creek - Castle Garden Bridge, Township Route 343 over Bennetts Branch of Sinnemahoning Creek, Driftwood, Cameron County, PA

Environment, from east, showing Castle Garden Bridge carrying Township Road ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Environment, from east, showing Castle Garden Bridge carrying Township Road 343 over Bennets Branch of Sinnemahoning Creek - Castle Garden Bridge, Township Route 343 over Bennetts Branch of Sinnemahoning Creek, Driftwood, Cameron County, PA

Condensed listing of surface boreholes at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Project through 31 December 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hill, L.R.; Aguilar, R.; Mercer, J.W.

This report contains a condensed listing of Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) project surface boreholes drilled for the purpose of site selection and characterization through 31 December 1995. The US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored the drilling activities, which were conducted primarily by Sandia National Laboratories. The listing provides physical attributes such as location (township, range, section, and state-plane coordinates), elevation, and total borehole depth, as well as the purpose for the borehole, drilling dates, and information about extracted cores. The report also presents the hole status (plugged, testing, monitoring, etc.) and includes salient findings and references. Maps with boreholemore » locations and times-of-drilling charts are included.« less

Change in hepatitis A epidemiology after vaccinating high risk children in Taiwan, 1995-2008.

PubMed

Tsou, Tsung-Pei; Liu, Cheng-Chung; Huang, Ji-Jia; Tsai, Kun-Ju; Chang, Hsiu-Fang

2011-04-05

Taiwan started to immunize children in 30 indigenous townships against hepatitis A since June 1995. The program was further expanded to 19 non-indigenous townships with higher incidence or increased risk of epidemic in 1997-2002, covering 2% of total population. Annual incidence of hepatitis A decreased from 2.96 in 1995 (baseline period) to 0.90/100,000 in 2003-2008 (vaccination period). The incidence in vaccinated townships and unvaccinated townships declined 98.3% (49.66-0.86/100,000) and 52.6% (1.90-0.90/100,000). In 2003-2008, incidence doubled in people aged >=30 years, mostly in unvaccinated townships (0.42-0.92). During 2003-2008, travel to endemic countries was the most commonly reported risk factor (13.5%). First dose vaccine coverage was 78.8% in 1994-2005 birth cohort. Taiwan's experience demonstrates the great, long-term efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in disease control in vaccinated townships, and out-of-cohort effect in unvaccinated townships. Further reduction can be achieved by improving vaccination coverage of adults at risk. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Regional-scale fluxes of zinc, copper, and nickel into and out of the agricultural soils of the Kermanshah province in western Iran.

PubMed

Ahmadi Doabi, Shahab; Karami, Mahin; Afyuni, Majid

2016-04-01

It is important to study the status and trend of soil contamination with trace elements to make sustainable management strategies for agricultural soils. This study was conducted in order to model zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) accumulation rates in agricultural soils of Kermanshah province using input and output fluxes mass balance and to evaluate the associated uncertainties. The input and output fluxes of Zn, Cu, and Ni into (from) the agricultural soils of Kermanshah province via livestock manure, mineral fertilizers, municipal waste compost, pesticides, atmospheric deposition, and crop removal were assessed for the period 2000-2014. The data were collected to compute the fluxes at both township and regional scales from available databases such as regional agricultural statistics. The basic units of the balance were 9 townships of Kermanshah province. Averaged over the entire study region, the estimated net fluxes of Zn, Cu, and Ni into agricultural soils were 341, 84, and131 g ha year(-1), with a range of 211 to 1621, 61 to 463, and 114 to 679 among the townships. The livestock manure was responsible for 55, 56, and 67 % of the total Zn, Cu, and Ni inputs at regional scale, while municipal waste compost and mineral fertilizers accounted for approximately 19, 38, and 15 % and 24, 4, and 14 % of the total Zn, Cu, and Ni inputs, respectively. Atmospheric deposition was a considerable source only for Ni and at township scale (7-29 % of total Ni input). For Zn, Cu, and Ni, the input-to-output ratio of the fluxes ranged from 1.8 to 48.9, 2 to 48.2, and 4 to 303 among townships and averaged 2.8, 3, and 9 for the entire study area, respectively. Considering that outputs other than with crop harvests are minor, this means that Zn, Cu, and Ni (in particular Ni) stocks are rapidly building up in soils of some parts of the study region. Uncertainties in the livestock manure and crop removal data were the main sources of estimation uncertainty in this study. This study provides the basic information to develop policies for controlling the trace elements inputs into agricultural soils of the study area.

2 CFR 175.25 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 175.25 Section 175.25 Grants... means: (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization...) Local government means a: (1) County; (2) Borough; (3) Municipality; (4) City; (5) Town; (6) Township...

2 CFR 175.25 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 175.25 Section 175.25 Grants... means: (1) A foreign government or foreign governmental entity; (2) A public international organization...) Local government means a: (1) County; (2) Borough; (3) Municipality; (4) City; (5) Town; (6) Township...

5. VIEW OF THE EASTERN BRIDGE ELEVATION, SHOWING CENTRAL CUT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VIEW OF THE EASTERN BRIDGE ELEVATION, SHOWING CENTRAL CUT AND MORTARED STONE PIER AND ASSOCIATED STEEL SUPERSTRUCTURE (CENTER), AND CANTILEVERED NORTHERN TRUSS SECTION (RIGHT). FACING NORTHWEST. - Coverts Crossing Bridge, Spanning Mahoning River along Township Route 372 (Covert Road), New Castle, Lawrence County, PA

75 FR 80069 - Eastern States: Filing of Plat of Survey

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-21

... lands surveyed are: St. Stephens Meridian, Alabama T. 17 N., R. 19 E. The plat of survey represents the... Township 17 North, Range 19 East, of the St. Stephens Meridian, in the State of Alabama, and was accepted...

Effectiveness of an Integrated Community- and Clinic-Based Intervention on HIV Testing, HIV Knowledge, and Sexual Risk Behavior of Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in Myanmar.

PubMed

Aung, Poe Poe; Ryan, Claire; Bajracharya, Ashish; Pasricha, Naanki; Thein, Zaw Win; Agius, Paul A; Sein, Than Tun; Willenberg, Lisa; Soe, Ei Mon; Zaw, Ne Tun; Tun, Waimar; Yam, Eileen; Luchters, Stanley

2017-02-01

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Myanmar are disproportionately affected by HIV, with prevalence five times that of the general population. The Link Up project implemented an intervention using peer education and outreach providing education and counseling on health seeking around sexually transmitted infections and reproductive health, combined with focused clinic capacity building to improve the sexual and reproductive health of YMSM. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention. Using a mixed-methods approach, and employing a quasi-experimental design, we conducted two quantitative repeat cross-sectional surveys in purposively selected control (no intervention) and intervention townships, before and after implementation of the Link Up intervention. Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit YMSM aged 15-24 years, and study participants were administered a structured questionnaire assessing intervention exposure, health service access, knowledge of HIV, and sexual risk behavior. Focus group discussions were held to elicit perspectives on the use and acceptability of the health services and peer outreach. At baseline, 314 YMSM were recruited in the intervention townships and 309 YMSM in the control townships. At end line, 267 (intervention) and 318 (control) YMSM were recruited. Coverage of the program was relatively low, with one-third of participants in the intervention townships having heard of the Link Up program by the end line. Comparing changes between baseline and end line, a greater proportion of HIV-negative or unknown status YMSM accessed HIV testing in the past 3 months in intervention townships (from 45.0% to 57.1%) compared with those in control townships (remained at 29.0%); however, this difference in the effect over time was not statistically significant in multivariate modeling (adjusted odds ratio: 1.45; 95% confidence interval: .66-3.17). Qualitative findings showed that the intervention was acceptable to YMSM. Overall, the intervention was perceived as acceptable. Although not statistically significant, results showed some trends toward improvements among YMSM in accessing HIV testing services and HIV-related knowledge. The modest coverage and short time frame of the evaluation likely limits the ability for any significant behavioral improvements. Copyright © 2016 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 301.91-3 - Regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Hancock County. The entire townships of Gouldsboro, Serrento, Sullivan, Winter Harbor, 7th Southern... townships of Appleton, Camden, Cushing, Friendship, Hope, Owls Head, Rockland City, Rockport, South Thomaston, St. George, Thomaston, Union, Warren, and Washington. Lincoln County. The entire townships of...

75 FR 52745 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement Under Section 122 of the Comprehensive Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-27

... Vantage Landfill Superfund Site Located in Alexandria Township, Hunterdon County, NJ AGENCY: Environmental... provides for Settling Parties' payment of certain response costs incurred by EPA at the Crown Vantage... provided by September 27, 2010. ADDRESSES: Comments should reference the Crown Vantage Landfill Superfund...

18 CFR 430.7 - Determination of protected areas and restriction on water use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... located within the Delaware Basin: Townships Berks County Douglass, Hereford, Union. Bucks County..., Telford, Trumbauersville. Townships Chester County Birmingham, Charlestown, East Coventry, East Bradford.... Boroughs Elverson, Malvern, Phoenixville, Spring City, West Chester. Townships Lehigh County Lower Milford...

78 FR 14738 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... None +747 Township of downstream of Schuylkill. Franklin Street. Approximately 0.4 mile None +748 downstream of Franklin Street. West Branch Schuylkill River....... Approximately 1,582 None +702 Township of... inspection at the Schuylkill Township Municipal Building, 675 Walnut Street, Mary-D, PA 17952. (Catalog of...

27 CFR 9.101 - The Hamptons, Long Island.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., shorelines, islands and mainland areas in the Townships of Southampton and East Hampton (including Gardiners... miles east of Calverton where the Townships of Riverhead, Brookhaven and Southampton meet: (1) The boundary travels south approximately 10 miles along the Southampton/Brookhaven Township line until it...

27 CFR 9.210 - Lehigh Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Heidelberg Township; (2) From the beginning point, proceed northwest along the Berks County line and... line to the county line's intersection with the northern boundary of Pine Grove township; then (3) Proceed northeast along the northern boundary of Pine Grove, Washington, and Wayne Townships and, crossing...

27 CFR 9.101 - The Hamptons, Long Island.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., shorelines, islands and mainland areas in the Townships of Southampton and East Hampton (including Gardiners... miles east of Calverton where the Townships of Riverhead, Brookhaven and Southampton meet: (1) The boundary travels south approximately 10 miles along the Southampton/Brookhaven Township line until it...

75 FR 60 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-04

..., 2010. Gloucester County. Emerg; March 11, 1983, Reg; January 20, 2010, Susp. Deptford, Township of..., Susp. East Greenwich, Township 340200 March 27, 1975, ......do Do. of, Gloucester County. Emerg... County. Emerg; April 1, 1983, Reg; January 20, 2010, Susp. Logan, Township of, 340206 June 29, 1976...

76 FR 67372 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-01

.... Goshen, Township of, 422382 March 8, 1976, ......do Do. Clearfield County. Emerg; April 1, 1986, Reg... in available in SFHAs community Region III Pennsylvania: Beccaria, Township of, 421512 April 8, 1976..., Township of, 421514 January 22, 1976, .....do Do. Clearfield County. Emerg; November 16, 1990, Reg...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kzonski, J.; Lacombe, P.J.; Hochreiter, J.J.

Five former or active industrial or waste disposal sites in Logan Township were identified by the Federal government and by the State of New Jersey as potential threats to the quality of groundwater there. The sites are: (1) Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. waste disposal site; (2) Bridgeport Rental and Oil Services, Inc.; (3) Chemical Leaman Tank Lines, Inc.; (4) Monsanto Company; and (5) Rollins Environmental Services, Inc. Quality of groundwater was determined by chemical analysis of samples from wells at four of the five sites and elsewhere in the township. Groundwater in the lower aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-magothy aquifermore » system in Logan Township and surrounding areas is dominated by sodium and chloride ions and is slightly saline. Calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate are the predominant ions in the upper and middle aquifers; the concentration of dissolved solids is low. Concentrations of iron and manganese in the groundwater range from 6 to 73,000 microgm/L, and from 33 to 1,100 microgm/L. Concentrations of organic carbon range from 0.60 to 4.2 mg/L. Areas of high apparent conductivity were detected east of the waste oil lagoon at the Bridgeport Rental and Oil Services, Inc. site. Inorganic groundwater contamination at the site is characterized by concentrations of cadmium and lead that exceed Federal and State primary drinking water regulations. Groundwater at the Chemical Leaman site also is characterized by elevated concentrations of organic nitrogen, and concentrations of As, Cr, Pb, and Hg that exceed Federal primary drinking water regulations. Concentrations of dissolved solids ranged from 339 to 3,530 mg/L at the Monsanto Site and typically are much higher than background levels, but the cause is unclear. 86 refs., 14 figs., 9 tabs.« less

Social vulnerability indicators as a sustainable planning tool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Yung-Jaan, E-mail: yungjaanlee@gmail.com

In the face of global warming and environmental change, the conventional strategy of resource centralization will not be able to cope with a future of increasingly extreme climate events and related disasters. It may even contribute to inter-regional disparities as a result of these events. To promote sustainable development, this study offers a case study of developmental planning in Chiayi, Taiwan and a review of the relevant literature to propose a framework of social vulnerability indicators at the township level. The proposed framework can not only be used to measure the social vulnerability of individual townships in Chiayi, but alsomore » be used to capture the spatial developmental of Chiayi. Seventeen social vulnerability indicators provide information in five dimensions. Owing to limited access to relevant data, the values of only 13 indicators were calculated. By simply summarizing indicators without using weightings and by using zero-mean normalization to standardize the indicators, this study calculates social vulnerability scores for each township. To make social vulnerability indicators more useful, this study performs an overlay analysis of social vulnerability and patterns of risk associated with national disasters. The social vulnerability analysis draws on secondary data for 2012 from Taiwan's National Geographic Information System. The second layer of analysis consists of the flood potential ratings of the Taiwan Water Resources Agency as an index of biophysical vulnerability. The third layer consists of township-level administrative boundaries. Analytical results reveal that four out of the 18 townships in Chiayi not only are vulnerable to large-scale flooding during serious flood events, but also have the highest degree of social vulnerability. Administrative boundaries, on which social vulnerability is based, do not correspond precisely to “cross-administrative boundaries,” which are characteristics of the natural environment. This study adopts an exploratory approach that provides Chiayi and other government agencies with a foundation for sustainable strategic planning for environmental change. The final section offers four suggestions concerning the implications of social vulnerability for local development planning. -- Highlights: • This study proposes a framework of social vulnerability indicators at the township level in Chiayi County, Taiwan. • Seventeen social vulnerability indicators are categorized into four dimensions. • This study performs a three-layer overlay analysis of social vulnerability and natural disaster risk patterns. • 4 out of the 18 townships not only have potential for large-scale flooding, but also high degree of social vulnerability. • This study provides a foundation for sustainable strategic planning to deal with environmental change. • Four suggestions are proposed regarding the implications of social vulnerability for local development planning.« less

75 FR 75949 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-07

... Black Lake Entire shoreline within None +616 Township of Waverly. community. Black River Approximately 2.69 None +612 Township of Aloha. miles downstream of North Black River Road. Approximately 1.13 None +613 miles downstream of North Black River Road. Lake Huron Entire shoreline within None +583 Township...

43 CFR 9185.3-1 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... governmental purpose to be subserved, no township is eligible for resurvey unless title to at least 50 percent... determining the eligibility of a township under this rule, lands covered by approved selections, school... alienated lands. Townships within the primary limits of railroad land grants are generally ineligible. (b...

27 CFR 9.103 - Mimbres Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) “North Peak, N. Mex.,” 7.5 minute series, edition of 1965; (22) “Red Mountain, N. Mex.,” 7.5 minute... 2, Township 21 South (T21S), Range 12 West (R12W) on the Faywood Station Quadrangle U.S.G.S. map; (1...

27 CFR 9.103 - Mimbres Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) “North Peak, N. Mex.,” 7.5 minute series, edition of 1965; (22) “Red Mountain, N. Mex.,” 7.5 minute... 2, Township 21 South (T21S), Range 12 West (R12W) on the Faywood Station Quadrangle U.S.G.S. map; (1...

Dimensions of Successful Leadership in Soweto Township Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mbokazi, Zakhele

2015-01-01

This paper argues that the success of schools in disadvantaged township communities is shaped by an interplay of four dimensions: strategy, regulation, pedagogy and compensation. The paper presents these dimensions of successful leadership in secondary schools by drawing on a research study focusing on cases of three Soweto township secondary…

75 FR 22172 - Notice of Projects Approved for Consumptive Uses of Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-27

... Corporation, Pad ID: Procter & Gamble Mehoopany Plant 4V, ABR-20100125, Washington Township, Wyoming County... Corporation, Pad ID: Procter & Gamble Mehoopany Plant 3V, ABR-20100126, Washington Township, Wyoming County... Corporation, Pad ID: Procter & Gamble Mehoopany Plant 5V, ABR-20100127, Washington Township, Wyoming County...

76 FR 14279 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

... Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of... temporary deviation from the regulations governing the operation of the Grassy Sound Channel Bridge across the Grassy Sound Channel, mile 1.0, at Middle Township, NJ. The deviation is necessary to facilitate...

78 FR 30270 - Foreign-Trade Zone 247-Erie, Pennsylvania; Application for Subzone; GE Transportation, Lawrence...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-22

..., Pennsylvania; Application for Subzone; GE Transportation, Lawrence Park Township, Pennsylvania An application... Transportation, located in Lawrence Park Township, Pennsylvania. The application was submitted pursuant to the... located at 2901 East Lake Road, Lawrence Park Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania. No production activity...

Subsurface geology and oil and gas resources of Osage County, Oklahoma. Part 2, Townships 22 and 23 north, ranges 8 and 9 east

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kirk, C.T.; Jenkins, H.D.; Leatherock, Otto; Dillard, W.R.; Kennedy, L.E.; Bass, N.W.

1939-01-01

This report on the subsurface geology of Osage County, Okla., describes the structural features, the character of the oil- and gas-producing beds, and the localities where additional oil and gas may be found. It embodies a part of the results of a subsurface geologic investigation of the Osage Indian Reservation, which coincides in area with Osage County. The investigation was conducted by a field party of the Geological Survey of the United States Department of the Interior from 1934 to 1937 and involved the study of the records of about 17,000 wells that have been drilled in Osage County. Funds for the investigation were allotted to the Geological Survey by the Public Works Administration. The primary purpose of the examination was to obtain geologic data for use in the administration of the Indian lands. The results of the inquiry have shown that many localities in Osage County outside the present producing oil fields are worthy of prospecting for oil and gas and that additional oil and gas can be found also by exploring deeply buried beds in old producing fields.All townships in Osage County that contain many wells are described; the information furnished by such townships is ample for drawing detailed subsurface structure-contour maps. The descriptions of several contiguous townships are combined in separate reports, which are issued as parts of a single bulletin. No edition of the consolidated volume will be published, but the several parts can be bound together if desired.

Poverty and psychological health among AIDS-orphaned children in Cape Town, South Africa.

PubMed

Cluver, Lucie; Gardner, Frances; Operario, Don

2009-06-01

This study examined associations between AIDS-orphanhood status, poverty indicators, and psychological problems (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, peer problems, delinquency, conduct problems) among children and adolescents in townships surrounding Cape Town, South Africa. One thousand and twenty-five children and adolescents completed standardized and culturally sensitive cross-sectional surveys. Children orphaned by AIDS had more psychological problems including depression, peer problems, post-traumatic stress, and conduct problems. Specific poverty indicators including food security, access to social welfare grants, employment in the household and access to school were associated with better psychological health. Poverty indicators mediated associations of AIDS-orphanhood with psychological problems. Food security showed the most consistent association with reduced psychological problems. Poverty alleviation measures have the potential to improve psychological health for AIDS-orphaned children in South African townships.

Seismic Line Location Map Hot Pot Project, Humboldt County, Nevada 2010

DOE Data Explorer

Lane, Michael

2010-01-01

Seismic Line Location Map Hot Pot Project, Humboldt County, Nevada 2010. ArcGIS map package containing topographic base map, Township and Range layer, Oski BLM and private leases at time of survey, and locations, with selected shot points, of the five seismic lines.

40 CFR 81.329 - Nevada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... classified Better than national standards (Township Range): Clark County: Las Vegas Valley (212)(15-24S, 56... County refers to 27 hydrographic areas either entirely or partially located within Clark County as shown... (September 1971), excluding the two designated areas in Clark County specifically listed in the table. Nevada...

78 FR 17133 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

..., .....do Do. County. 1975, Emerg; September 2, 1988, Reg; May 2, 2013, Susp. Ross, Township of, Monroe..., Township of, Monroe 421884 December 26, 1975, May 2, 2013 May 2, 2013 County. Emerg; September 2, 1988, Reg.... Emerg; February 17, 1988, Reg; May 2, 2013, Susp. Coolbaugh, Township of, 421886 March 8, 1977, .....do...

76 FR 33019 - Notice of Projects Approved for Consumptive Uses of Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

..., 2011. 10. Aruba Petroleum, Inc., Pad ID: Lundy Well Pad, ABR-201103010, Gamble Township, Lycoming...-- 4H Drilling Pad, ABR-201104012, Gamble Township, Lycoming County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of up to 5.000...-- 4H Drilling Pad, ABR-201104013, Gamble Township, Lycoming County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of up to 5.000...

78 FR 48314 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

... Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of... operating schedule that governs the Grassy Sound Channel Bridge (Ocean Drive) across Grassy Sound, mile 1.0..., the Grassy Sound Channel Bridge (Ocean Drive), at mile 1.0, at Middle Township, NJ is open on signal...

77 FR 22185 - Golden Nematode; Removal of Regulated Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-13

..., without change, an interim rule that amended the golden nematode regulations by removing the townships of... that the fields in these two townships are free of golden nematode, and we determined that regulation... the townships of Elba and Byron in Genesee County, NY, from the list of generally infested areas. \\1...

27 CFR 9.113 - North Fork of Long Island.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... mainland, shorelines and islands in the Townships of Riverhead, Shelter Island, and Southold. (1) The point... of the Brookhaven/Riverhead Township line on the Long Island Sound (approximately 500 feet east of... Town line) for 2.7 miles until it meets the Riverhead/Southampton Township line on the Riverhead, N.Y...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fff of... - Municipal Waste Combustor Units (MWC Units) Excluded From Subpart FFF 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Harrisburg, PA. (c) Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority, Conoy Township, Lancaster County, PA. (d) Montenay Montgomery Limited Partnership, Plymouth Township, Montgomery County, PA. (e) Wheelabrator Falls, Inc., Falls Township, Bucks County, PA. (f) York County Solid Waste and Refuse Authority...

27 CFR 9.113 - North Fork of Long Island.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... mainland, shorelines and islands in the Townships of Riverhead, Shelter Island, and Southold. (1) The point... of the Brookhaven/Riverhead Township line on the Long Island Sound (approximately 500 feet east of... Town line) for 2.7 miles until it meets the Riverhead/Southampton Township line on the Riverhead, N.Y...

43 CFR 9185.4-2 - Showing required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Showing required. (a) Necessity. The applicants for the resurvey of any township are required to present... the extent of privately owned lands within the township is in excess of 50 percent of the total area..., but may require its rejection if it is found that the township is not properly subject to resurvey...

77 FR 57022 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Shark River, Avon, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-17

... across the Shark River (South Channel), at Avon Township, NJ. This deviation is necessary to facilitate... River, mile 0.9, is a bascule lift Bridge, in Avon Township, NJ, and has a vertical clearance in the... Township, NJ, the draws of these two bridges will also be restricted under this deviation. These bridges...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fff of... - Municipal Waste Combustor Units (MWC Units) Excluded From Subpart FFF 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Harrisburg, PA. (c) Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority, Conoy Township, Lancaster County, PA. (d) Montenay Montgomery Limited Partnership, Plymouth Township, Montgomery County, PA. (e) Wheelabrator Falls, Inc., Falls Township, Bucks County, PA. (f) York County Solid Waste and Refuse Authority...

75 FR 52932 - Notice of Commission Meeting and Public Hearing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-30

.... business meeting include the dockets listed below: 1. Upper Southampton Municipal Authority, D-1965-023 CP... Township, D-1973-191 CP-4. An application for renewal of the Abington Township Wastewater Treatment Plant..., Pennsylvania. 3. Lower Moreland Township Authority, D-1987-052 CP-3. An application for the renewal of an...

Fostering Open Space and Recreation Plan Development: A Case Study of Findlay Township, Pennsylvania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caruso, Christopher J.

1996-01-01

A plan adopted in 1992 by Findlay Township in rural Pennsylvania protects undeveloped land from urbanization and expanded and improved the township's park and recreational system. Improvements included a fitness trail, a pavilion, a handicap-accessible jungle gym, tennis and volleyball courts, restrooms, and flower beds and trees. (LP)

Environmental factors associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new Andean focus in Colombia.

PubMed

Ocampo, C B; Ferro, M C; Cadena, H; Gongora, R; Pérez, M; Valderrama-Ardila, C H; Quinnell, R J; Alexander, N

2012-10-01

To evaluate the environmental and ecological factors associated with Leishmania transmission and vector abundance in Chaparral, Tolima-Colombia. First, we compared the ecological characteristics, abundance of phlebotomies and potential reservoir hosts in the peridomestic environment (100 m radius) of randomly selected houses, between two townships with high and low cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence. Second, we examined peridomestic correlates of phlebotomine abundance in all 43 houses in the higher risk township. The high transmission township had higher coverage of forest (23%vs. 8.4%) and shade coffee (30.7%vs. 11%), and less coffee monoculture (16.8%vs. 26.2%) and pasture (6.3%vs. 12.3%), compared to the low transmission township. Lutzomyia were more abundant in the high transmission township 2.5 vs. 0.2/trap/night. Lutzomyia longiflocosa was the most common species in both townships: 1021/1450 (70%) and 39/80 (49%). Numbers of potential wild mammal reservoirs were small, although four species were found to be infected with Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In the high transmission township, the overall peridomiciliary capture rate of L. longiflocosa was 1.5/trap/night, and the abundance was higher in houses located nearer to forest (ρ = -0.30, P = 0.05). The findings are consistent with a domestic transmission cycle with the phlebotomies dependent on dense vegetation near the house. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Integration of post-abortion care: the role of township medical officers and midwives in Myanmar.

PubMed

Htay, Thein Thein; Sauvarin, Josephine; Khan, Saba

2003-05-01

Complications of unsafe abortion are a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Myanmar, and are recognised by the Ministry of Health as a priority. The Department of Health developed a strategy to address the problem of abortion complications by integrating post-abortion care and contraceptive services into the existing township health system. The quality of post-abortion care was assessed by the Department of Health in 2000, using a baseline survey of health providers and post-abortion women in Bago Division. The integration of post-abortion care was led by the Township Medical Officers, who provided monthly in-service training and supervision of health care workers in each township. Hospital-based doctors and nurses, clinic midwives, village midwives and other volunteer health providers, including traditional birth attendants, were all trained. The role of the local clinic midwife was extended to make follow-up home visits to the women with post-abortion complications and provide them with contraception when requested. Preliminary results show positive outcomes. However, donor-funded projects may have a destabilizing effect on township services by diverting attention and resources; donors need to work with government to support its priorities for health care. The future nationwide integration of post-abortion care services into township services should be planned in consultation with Township Medical Officers and midwives, the key providers of these services.

Environmental factors associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new Andean focus in Colombia

PubMed Central

Ocampo, C. B.; Ferro, M. C.; Cadena, H.; Gongora, R.; Pérez, M.; Valderrama-Ardila, C. H.; Quinnell, R. J.; Alexander, N.

2016-01-01

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the environmental and ecological factors associated with Leishmania transmission and vector abundance in Chaparral, Tolima-Colombia. METHODS First, we compared the ecological characteristics, abundance of phlebotomies and potential reservoir hosts in the peridomestic environment (100 m radius) of randomly selected houses, between two townships with high and low cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence. Second, we examined peridomestic correlates of phlebotomine abundance in all 43 houses in the higher risk township. RESULTS The high transmission township had higher coverage of forest (23% vs. 8.4%) and shade coffee (30.7% vs. 11%), and less coffee monoculture (16.8% vs. 26.2%) and pasture (6.3% vs. 12.3%), compared to the low transmission township. Lutzomyia were more abundant in the high transmission township 2.5 vs. 0.2/trap/night. Lutzomyia longiflocosa was the most common species in both townships: 1021/1450 (70%) and 39/80 (49%). Numbers of potential wild mammal reservoirs were small, although four species were found to be infected with Leishmania (Viannia) spp. In the high transmission township, the overall peridomiciliary capture rate of L. longiflocosa was 1.5/trap/night, and the abundance was higher in houses located nearer to forest (ρ = −0.30, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings are consistent with a domestic transmission cycle with the phlebotomies dependent on dense vegetation near the house. PMID:22882595

75 FR 62176 - Notice of Projects Approved for Consumptive Uses of Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... Hipple Pad A, ABR- 201008021, Gamble Township, Lycoming County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of up to 3.000 mgd..., Gamble Township, Lycoming County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of up to 3.000 mgd; Approval Date: August 6, 2010..., Gamble Township, Lycoming County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of up to 3.000 mgd; Approval Date: August 11, 2010...

76 FR 58110 - Safety Zone; Giannangeli Wedding Fireworks, Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-20

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Giannangeli Wedding Fireworks, Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI AGENCY: Coast... zone on Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI. This zone is intended to restrict vessels from a portion of Lake St. Clair during the Giannangeli Wedding Fireworks. DATES: This rule is effective and will be...

76 FR 27251 - Safety Zone; Coughlin Wedding Fireworks, Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Coughlin Wedding Fireworks, Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI AGENCY: Coast Guard... Lake St. Clair, Harrison Township, MI. This safety zone is intended to restrict vessels from a portion of Lake St. Clair during the Coughlin Wedding Fireworks. DATES: This rule is effective from 10 p.m...

76 FR 21092 - Notice of Projects Approved or Rescinded for Consumptive Uses of Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

.... 46. Anadarko E&P Company LP, Pad ID: Harry W Stryker Pad A, ABR- 201011044, Cogan House Township... Energy, LLC, Pad ID: Triana-Young Pad B, ABR-201012008, Hector Township, Potter County, Pa.; Consumptive...- 20100346, Harrison Township, Potter County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of up 4.000 mgd; Rescinded Date: December...

40 CFR 81.345 - Utah.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.../Attainment. The area surrounding Brigham City, as described by the following Townships or the portions of the following Townships in Box Elder County: T9N 2W, T9N R1W, T8N 2W Cache County, UT (part): Cache County.... The area surrounding Grantsville, as described by the following Townships or the portions of the...

78 FR 338 - CSX Transportation, Inc.; Abandonment Exemption-in Ewing Township, Mercer County, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. AB 55 (Sub-No. 724X)] CSX Transportation, Inc.; Abandonment Exemption--in Ewing Township, Mercer County, NJ CSX Transportation, Inc. (CSXT... Drive, and the end of the track at milepost QAT 34.49, in Ewing Township, Mercer County, N.J. (the Line...

40 CFR 81.345 - Utah.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.../Attainment. The area surrounding Brigham City, as described by the following Townships or the portions of the following Townships in Box Elder County: T9N 2W, T9N R1W, T8N 2W Cache County, UT (part): Cache County.... The area surrounding Grantsville, as described by the following Townships or the portions of the...

77 FR 38271 - Voluntary Termination of Foreign-Trade Subzone 33B Verosol USA, Inc. Kennedy Township, Allegheny...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-27

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Foreign-Trade Zones Board [Order No. 1829] Voluntary Termination of Foreign-Trade Subzone 33B Verosol USA, Inc. Kennedy Township, Allegheny County, PA Pursuant to the authority... the establishment of Foreign-Trade Subzone 33B at the Verosol USA, Inc., plant in Kennedy Township...

77 FR 42228 - Proposed Amendment of Class E Airspace; Wilkes-Barre, PA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-18

... airport. This action would also recognize the name change of Hanover Township Fire Station 5 Heliport... Hanover Township Fire Station 5 Heliport. Class E airspace designations are published in Paragraph 6005 of...]24'00'' N., long. 75[deg]39'39'' W.) Hanover Township Fire Station 5 Heliport (Lat. 41[deg]14'08'' N...

7 CFR 958.27 - Districts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Township 17S, and thence east along said south line to its junction with the Malheur River, and thence... with the south line of Township 17S, E. W. M.; thence westward along this line to its junction with the... boundary of Malheur County to its intersection with the south line of Township 20S; thence east along this...

76 FR 19313 - Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Wisconsin, Lakewood Southeast Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... area. The project-specific needs include: Reintroduction of natural regimes, wildlife habitat and... for change in: (1) Loss of natural regimes (2) wildlife habitat (3) stream improvement (4) species age... is Township 31-32 North, Range 17 East. The Forest Service proposes to reintroduce natural regimes in...

The Remediation of Abandoned Iron Ore Mine Subsidence in Rockaway Township, New Jersey

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gartenberg, Gary; Poff, Gregory

2010-06-30

This report represents the twenty-seventh and Final Technical Progress Report issued in connection with the subsidence remediation projects undertaken by Rockaway Township in Morris County, New Jersey. This report provides a summary of the major project work accomplished during this last reporting period ending June 30, 2010 and a summary of the work accomplished since the agreement inception in 1997. This report is issued as part of the project reporting provisions set forth in the Cooperator's Agreement between the United States Government - Department of Energy, and Rockaway Township. The purpose of the Cooperator's Agreement is for the Department ofmore » Energy to provide technical and financial assistance in a coordinated effort with Rockaway Township to develop and implement a multi-phased plan to remediate ground stability problems associated with abandoned mining activity. Primarily during the 1800's, extensive iron ore mining and prospecting was undertaken in Rockaway Township, part of the Dover District Mining region in Morris County. The abandoned mining activity has resulted in public safety hazards associated with ground collapse and surface subsidence features evolving in both developed and undeveloped areas within Rockaway Township. At the Green Pond Mine site at the Township's Jacobs Road Compost Storage Facility, surface monitoring continued after completion of construction in September 2003. Surface monitoring was conducted periodically at the Mt. Hope Road subsidence work area and adjacent areas after the January 2000 construction effort. In March 2007, a seventh collapse occurred over a portion of the White Meadow Mine in a public roadway at the intersection of Iowa and Erie Avenues in Rockaway Township. After test drilling, this portion of the mine was remediated by drilling and grouting the stopes.« less

Regional Distribution of Longevity Population and Elements in Drinking Water in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, China.

PubMed

Liu, Yonglin; Yuan, Yuyang; Luo, Kunli

2017-10-25

In order to determine the spatial variation of longevity population and elements contained in the drinking water of longevity region in Jiangjin and investigate the relationship between the elements in drinking water and longevity, population censuses on township level and 98 drinking water samples from Jiangjin District, Chongqing City in West China were collected and analyzed. Population statistics on township level showed that the number of centenarians per 100,000 inhabitants (OC), centenarity index (CI), and number of centenarians per 10,000 over 65-year-old subjects (UC) present obvious geographic distribution properties, generally Central region > Northern region > Southern region (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Moderate hard water (150 mg/L < total hardness (TH) = 156.17 mg/L < 300 mg/L) was mainly found in drinking water from longevity township (OC > 7.5) in Jiangjin District, whereas soft water (75 mg/L < TH = 111.23 mg/L < 150 mg/L) was mostly in non-longevity township (OC < 7.5). The mean concentration of strontium (Sr) (0.73 mg/L) in drinking water from the longevity township was apparently higher than that of non-longevity township (0.44 mg/L) (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.019 < 0.05). The concentrations of Ba, Li, Mn, Ni, and Se in drinking water from longevity township were also higher than those of non-longevity township (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). The research indicates that exercising strict control over the concentrations of TH, Sr, Ba, Li, Mn, Ni, and Se in drinking water might be good for the health and prolong people's life.

[Study on elasticity of medical service demand at the township level in China].

PubMed

Shi, Hong-xing; Lv, Jun; Xie, Yi-ping; Wang, Ying; Jia, Jin-zhong; Chang, Feng-shui; Duan, Lin; Sun, Mei; Wang, Zhi-feng; Hao, Mo

2010-06-18

To find out the economic laws regulating medical service demand in accordance with influencing factors at the township level, thus to provide references for further adjusting the medical service demand reasonably in the future. The model of medical service demand was established to measure the elasticity of demand in 49 township health clinics in 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007. The price elasticity of outpatient and inpatient demand was stable during the four periods, and the average value was -0.029 and -0.132 respectively; the average value of income elasticity was 0.973 and 0.977, registering a downward trend in general. The medical service demand at the township level is price inelastic, indicating that it is a necessity for rural residents. The downward trend of income elasticity under the influence of some health policies illustrates a lightening in economic burden for medical service demand among rural residents in township health clinics.

6. VIEW OF THE EASTERN BRIDGE ELEVATION, SHOWING CENTRAL PIER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW OF THE EASTERN BRIDGE ELEVATION, SHOWING CENTRAL PIER AND ASSOCIATED SUPERSTRUCTURE, AND CANTILEVERED NORTHERN TRUSS SECTION. NOTE THE JOIN BETWEEN EYE-BAR (LEFT) AND RIVETED CHANNEL (RIGHT) LOWER BRIDGE CHORDS AT CENTER LEFT OF PHOTOGRAPH. FACING NORTH. - Coverts Crossing Bridge, Spanning Mahoning River along Township Route 372 (Covert Road), New Castle, Lawrence County, PA

Social Support Disparities for Caregivers of AIDS-Orphaned Children in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuo, Caroline; Fitzgerald, Jane; Operario, Don; Casale, Marisa

2012-01-01

Drawing upon a sample of 1,599 adults caring for children in HIV-endemic Umlazi Township in South Africa, this cross-sectional survey investigated whether perceived social support varied among caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children (n = 359) as compared with caregivers of children orphaned by other causes (n = 171) and caregivers of nonorphaned…

Key Dimensions of Effective Leadership for Change: A Focus on Township and Rural Schools in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ngcobo, Thandi; Tikly, Leon Paul

2010-01-01

The article identifies key dimensions of effective leadership for change in historically disadvantaged, township and rural schools in South Africa. It is based on original case study research in 13 schools in Kwa-Zulu Natal. Although the sample included mainly township and rural primary and secondary schools it also included a smaller sample of…

An Implementation Plan: One-to-One Laptop Program Recommendations for the Pittsgrove Township School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodzik, Michael C.

2012-01-01

This Executive Position Paper is a one-to-one laptop implementation plan for Pittsgrove Township Schools that can be used as a template for other districts with similar interests. Each of the three chapters fulfills a major purpose. In Chapter One the paper is designed to substantiate the need for the Pittsgrove Township School District to…

Educational Renovation in a South African "Township on the Move": A Social-Spatial Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fataar, Aslam

2007-01-01

This article presents an account of the ways education reform has been mediated in one South African township. It suggests that the normative policy intentions of the reforming post-apartheid state have been reworked in light of the specific social configuration of the township and its schools. It employs social-spatial lenses to understand the…

World Epidemiology Review, Number 107

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-09-27

admitted to the infectious diseases unit at the Diyarbakir Medical Faculty Numune Hospital, Mehdi Zana said, "We informed the authorities earlier that...mittee member and chairman of social affairs committee U Aye Hlaing with Township Medical Officer Dr Khin Maung Swe officiating as master of cere...reportedly spread from Kanbalu Township to these villages. Taze Township Medical Officer Dr Khin Kyaing and staff of Nabetgyi Hospital toured Silages

78 FR 38837 - Safety Zone; Fifth Coast Guard District Fireworks Displays, Barnegat Bay; Barnegat Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-28

... Township, New Jersey. The fireworks display is normally held on July 4th, but this year it will be held on... 4th over the waters of Barnegat Bay, Barnegat Township, New Jersey. The Table to Sec. 165.506, at... event. In the Table, this fireworks display occurs annually on July 4th. However, this year, the...

77 FR 53839 - Shasta-Trinity National Forest; California; East McCloud Plantations Thinning Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

... actions include road maintenance and reconstruction of National Forest System, new road construction and addition of new roads and selected existing unauthorized routes to the Forest Transportation System to.... The project's legal description is: Portions of Township (T.) 39 North (N.), Range (R.) 1-3 East (E...

Flexible Weaving: Investigating the Teaching and Learning Opportunities in the Practices of Theatre-Makers and Performers from Selected Townships in Cape Town

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Gay

2013-01-01

In 2005-2009, the author researched the theatre-making practices of young people in selected black townships near Cape Town, South Africa. Township theatre groups comprised secondary school learners and out-of-school youth who join together to learn about and make theatre, perform and watch each other. These theatre practitioners do not describe…

76 FR 38208

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

.... Fork of Root R. (Sheldon Township), Houston, 11000468 Swift County Gethsemane Episcopal Church, 40 N. Hering St., Appleton, 11000469 Traverse County District No. 44 School, U.S. 75 (Taylor Township...

An improved method for determining the distribution of swift fox in Kansas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roy, Christiane C.; Sovada, Marsha A.; Sargeant, Glen A.; Roy, Christiane C.

1999-01-01

During 1997 and 1998 we tested a new method for determining the distribution of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) in Kansas. From a sampling frame of 30 counties in western Kansas, we selected a systematic sample of alternate townships in a checkerboard pattern. During September and October 1997 and August 1998, experienced observers delineated suitable swift fox habitat within each sample township and searched it for evidence of occupancy (tracks, dens, and the animals themselves) by swift fox and other furbearers. Each township was searched for a minimum of 30 minutes, with searches continuing until swift foxes were either detected or for 120 minutes. Of the 288 townships selected in 1997, 271 (94.1%) were searched effectively with swift fox detected in 40.5% of the townships. Adverse weather conditions prevented surveys in two northwestern counties of our sample frame. In 1998, 245 township were searched effectively. Swift fox were detected in 27 counties searched to date. We did not detect swift fox in Seward, Meade and Ford counties, where the species is thought to be uncommon or absent. Tracks were difficult to discern in areas with hard or sandy soils and were sometimes obliterated by adverse weather, vehicle traffic, and agricultural activities. To determine how frequently we failed to detect swift foxes that were present, we plan to repeat searches in 1999 in townships where swift foxes were not detected previously. Nevertheless, preliminary results suggest our method to be a practical means for conducting landscape-scale presence/absence surveys of swift fox. Restricting searches to habitat judged best for swift foxes and most favorable for track detection helped control costs and achieve high detection rates.

Geology and log responses of the Rose Run sandstone in Randolph Township, Portage County, Ohio

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moyer, C.C.

1996-09-01

Approximately 75 wells have penetrated the Cambrian Rose Run sandstone in Randolph Township, Portage County, Ohio, about half of which should produce well beyond economic payout. Only one deep test (to the Rose Run or deeper) was drilled in this Township prior to 1990. Two separate and distinct Rose Run producing fields exist in the Township; the western field is predominately gas-productive and the east is predominantly oil-productive. Both fields are on the north side of the Akron-Suffield Fault Zone, which is part of a regional cross-strike structural discontinuity extending from the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania area northwestward to Lake Erie. Thismore » feature exhibits control over Berea, Oriskany, Newburg, Clinton, and Rose Run production.« less

An investigation of the presence of methane and other gases at the Uzundere-Izmir solid waste disposal site, Izmir, Turkey.

PubMed

Onargan, T; Kucuk, K; Polat, M

2003-01-01

Izmir is a large metropolitan city with a population of 3,114,860. The city consists of 27 townships, each township has a population of not less than 10,000 inhabitants. The two major solid waste disposal sites are in the townships of Uzundere and Harmandali. The amount of solid waste that is disposed at each of these sites is about 800 and 1800 t/day, respectively. In Uzundere, compost is produced from the organic fraction of urban solid wastes while the residual material is deposited at a disposal site with a remaining capacity of 700,000 m(3) as of 2001. Gas monitoring and measurements were carried out at the disposal site in Uzundere. For this purpose, nine sampling wells were drilled on selected locations. Each well was furnished with perforated metal pipes suitable for gas monitoring and measurements. The following gases were monitored: O(2), CH(4), CO, CO(2), and H(2)S. The most important finding was that the concentrations of CH(4) in the wells ranged from 7 to 57%. Dilution of the CH(4) by O(2) down to the LEL levels (5-15%) is always possible and poses a continuing risk at the site. Furthermore, the levels of O(2) require that access to the site be limited to only authorized personnel.

Flood-inundation maps for the Peckman River in the Townships of Verona, Cedar Grove, and Little Falls, and the Borough of Woodland Park, New Jersey, 2014

USGS Publications Warehouse

Niemoczynski, Michal J.; Watson, Kara M.

2016-10-19

Digital flood-inundation maps for an approximate 7.5-mile reach of the Peckman River in New Jersey, which extends from Verona Lake Dam in the Township of Verona downstream through the Township of Cedar Grove and the Township of Little Falls to the confluence with the Passaic River in the Borough of Woodland Park, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the probable areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Peckman River at Ozone Avenue at Verona, New Jersey (station number 01389534). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/.Flood profiles were simulated for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgages on the Peckman River at Ozone Avenue at Verona, New Jersey (station number 01389534) and the Peckman River at Little Falls, New Jersey (station number 01389550). The hydraulic model was then used to compute eight water-surface profiles for flood stages at 0.5-foot (ft) intervals ranging from 3.0 ft or near bankfull to 6.5 ft, which is approximately the highest recorded water level during the period of record (1979–2014) at USGS streamgage 01389534, Peckman River at Ozone Avenue at Verona, New Jersey. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data to delineate the area flooded at each water level.The availability of these maps along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage provides emergency management personnel and residents with information, such as estimates of inundation extents, based on water stage, that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.

Outpatient prescription practices in rural township health centers in Sichuan Province, China

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Sichuan Province is an agricultural and economically developing province in western China. To understand practices of prescribing medications for outpatients in rural township health centers is important for the development of the rural medical and health services in this province and western China. Methods This is an observational study based on data from the 4th National Health Services Survey of China. A total of 3,059 prescriptions from 30 township health centers in Sichuan Province were collected and analyzed. Seven indicators were employed in the analyses to characterize the prescription practices. They are disease distribution, average cost per encounter, number of medications per encounter, percentage of encounters with antibiotics, percentage of encounters with glucocorticoids, percentage of encounters with combined glucocorticoids and antibiotics, and percentage of encounters with injections. Results The average medication cost per encounter was 16.30 Yuan ($2.59). About 60% of the prescriptions contained Chinese patent medicine (CPM), and almost all prescriptions (98.07%) contained western medicine. 85.18% of the prescriptions contained antibiotics, of which, 24.98% contained two or more types of antibiotics; the percentage of prescriptions with glucocorticoids was 19.99%; the percentage of prescriptions with both glucocorticoids and antibiotics was 16.67%; 51.40% of the prescriptions included injections, of which, 39.90% included two or more injections. Conclusions The findings from this study demonstrated irrational medication uses of antibiotics, glucocorticoids and injections prescribed for outpatients in the rural township health centers in Sichuan Province. The reasons for irrational medication uses are not only solely due to the pursuit of maximizing benefits in the township health centers, but also more likely attributable to the lack of medical knowledge of rational medication uses among rural doctors and the lack of medical devices for disease diagnosis in those township health centers. The policy implication from this study is to enhance professional training in rational medication uses for rural doctors, improve hardware facilities for township health centers, promote health education to rural residents and establish a public reporting system to monitor prescription practices in rural township health centers, etc. PMID:22988946

43 CFR 9185.3-2 - Showing required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Showing required. (a) Necessity. The applicants for the resurvey of any township are required to present... restoration thereof. (b) Condition of original survey. Applications for the resurvey of each township must be...

77 FR 21000 - Final Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... 76058, under the ADDRESSES heading, the following text should read as set forth below: Township of Fox Maps are available for inspection at the Fox Township Municipal Building, 116 Irishtown Road, Kersey...

Implementation of a "County-Township-Village" Allied HIV Prevention and Control Intervention in Rural China.

PubMed

Yu, Jun; Zhang, Yi; Jiang, Junjun; Lu, Qinglin; Liang, Bingyu; Liu, Deping; Fang, Keyong; Huang, Jiegang; He, Yang; Ning, Chuanyi; Liao, Yanyan; Lai, Jingzhen; Wei, Wudi; Qin, Fengxiang; Ye, Li; Geng, Wenkui; Liang, Hao

2017-09-01

In China, rural areas are a weak link of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. From September 2011, an innovative "county-township-village" allied intervention was implemented in Longzhou County, Guangxi, which assigned the tasks of HIV/AIDS prevention and control to the county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), township hospitals, and village clinics, respectively, instead of traditional intervention in which the county CDC undertook the entire work. A 6-year consecutive cross-sectional survey, including 3-year traditional intervention (2009-2011) and 3-year innovative intervention (2012-2014), was conducted to evaluate the effects of the new intervention. Compared to traditional intervention, the innovative intervention achieved positive effects in decreasing risky behaviors. Among female sex workers, condom use rate in the last month increased from 72.06% to 96.82% (p < 0.01). Among drug users, having commercial sex rate in the last year reduced from 17.20% to 5.94% and condom use rate increased from 14.06% to 76.09% (p < 0.01). The risk ratio of HIV infection during innovative intervention was 0.631 (95% confidence interval 0.549-0.726) compared with traditional one. Cost-effectiveness analysis indicates that innovative intervention restores each disability-adjusted life year costing an average of $124.26. Taken together, Longzhou's innovative intervention has achieved good effects on HIV/AIDS prevention and control and provides a good reference for rural China.

Risk Factors of Pesticide Poisoning and Pesticide Users' Cholinesterase Levels in Cotton Production Areas: Glazoué and Savè Townships, in Central Republic of Benin.

PubMed

Vikkey, Hinson Antoine; Fidel, Dossou; Elisabeth, Yehouenou Pazou; Hilaire, Hountikpo; Hervé, Lawin; Badirou, Aguèmon; Alain, Koudafoke; Parfait, Houngbégnon; Fabien, Gounongbé; Benjamin, Fayomi

2017-01-01

To assess the degree of poisoning in farmers using the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test before and after the exposure to pesticides in townships in central Benin (Glazoué and Savè) and to identify the associated risk factors. Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 264 farm pesticide sprayers, who have been working for at least 5 years. They completed a questionnaire and underwent the AChE test using the Test-mate Model 400 device (EQM Research Inc.) with a photometric sensor, based on the works of Ellman. Organophosphate/pyrethroids were the most common pesticides used by at least 72.96% of the farmworkers. We observed an inhibition of AChE between pre-exposure and post-exposure ( P = .002) for 60.61% of the farmworkers. Among them, 11.88% displayed more than 20% AChE inhibition. Pesticide poisoning is a reality, and AChE monitoring is urgently needed for farmworker surveillance.

77 FR 66733 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

..., 2012, Susp. Dallas, Township of, 420602 September 5, 1973, do Do. Luzerne County. Emerg; April 1, 1988..., 1981, Reg; November 2, 2012, Susp. Ross, Township of, Luzerne 421835 February 9, 1976, do Do. County...

78 FR 22542 - Proposed Administrative Settlement Agreement Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-16

... Superfund Site Located in Wharton Township, Morris County, New Jersey AGENCY: Environmental Protection... response costs incurred at the L.E. Carpenter/Dayco Superfund Site located within Wharton Township, Morris...

20 CFR 654.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Bureau of the Census estimates; or (2) Towns and townships in the States of New Jersey, New York... “balance of county” (i.e., total county less component cities and townships identified in paragraphs (b) (1...

20 CFR 654.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Bureau of the Census estimates; or (2) Towns and townships in the States of New Jersey, New York... “balance of county” (i.e., total county less component cities and townships identified in paragraphs (b) (1...

78 FR 27470 - Projects Approved for Consumptive Uses of Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-10

.... 4. Carrizo Marcellus, LLC, Pad ID: Baumunk Lake South, ABR- 201303004, Fox Township, Sullivan County..., Pad ID: Baumunk Lake North, ABR- 201303005, Fox Township, Sullivan County, Pa.; Consumptive Use of Up...

27 CFR 9.171 - San Bernabe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... benchmark 304, located one-half mile southwest of King City, along the Salinas River, in Township 20 South (T20S) and Range 8 East (R8E). Proceed southeast in a straight line for 2.35 miles to benchmark 304, at... miles to benchmark 336, between U.S. Highway 101 and the Salinas River, in T20S and R8E (San Lucas...

27 CFR 9.171 - San Bernabe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... benchmark 304, located one-half mile southwest of King City, along the Salinas River, in Township 20 South (T20S) and Range 8 East (R8E). Proceed southeast in a straight line for 2.35 miles to benchmark 304, at... miles to benchmark 336, between U.S. Highway 101 and the Salinas River, in T20S and R8E (San Lucas...

27 CFR 9.171 - San Bernabe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... benchmark 304, located one-half mile southwest of King City, along the Salinas River, in Township 20 South (T20S) and Range 8 East (R8E). Proceed southeast in a straight line for 2.35 miles to benchmark 304, at... miles to benchmark 336, between U.S. Highway 101 and the Salinas River, in T20S and R8E (San Lucas...

27 CFR 9.171 - San Bernabe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... benchmark 304, located one-half mile southwest of King City, along the Salinas River, in Township 20 South (T20S) and Range 8 East (R8E). Proceed southeast in a straight line for 2.35 miles to benchmark 304, at... miles to benchmark 336, between U.S. Highway 101 and the Salinas River, in T20S and R8E (San Lucas...

27 CFR 9.171 - San Bernabe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... benchmark 304, located one-half mile southwest of King City, along the Salinas River, in Township 20 South (T20S) and Range 8 East (R8E). Proceed southeast in a straight line for 2.35 miles to benchmark 304, at... miles to benchmark 336, between U.S. Highway 101 and the Salinas River, in T20S and R8E (San Lucas...

Staff retention after the privatization of township-village health centers: a case study from the Haimen City of East China.

PubMed

Huang, Jiayan; Shi, Lu; Chen, Yingyao

2013-04-12

Township-village health centers in rural areas play an important role in health service system in China. In East China's Jiangsu Province, the City of Haimen privatized all 25 township-village health centers in 2002. This study assesses the effect of privatization on staff retention among these health centers. This is a retrospective study based on 10-year administrative data from Haimen City. Three waves of administrative data were collected in 2000 (2 years before privatization), 2005 (3 years after privatization) and 2009 (7 years after privatization) for all health care providers in Haimen City, including 3 county hospitals, 6 central township health centers (CTHC) and 25 township-village health centers (TVHC). The effect of privatization on TVHCs' staff retention was evaluated in comparison with the other two types of health care providers. We conducted focus groups with people from Haimen Bureau of Health and various health care providers to help understand the context of these administrative statistics. Each township-village health centers had an average of 40 staff members before the privatization, and the majority of those staff members were their permanent staff. In 2005, three years after the privatization, a substantial amount of staff decrease (from 39.7 staff members per TVHC to 27.5 per TVHC) occurred in these township-village health centers. From 2000 to 2009, the total payroll in TVHCs decreased by almost 29%, while the number of their permanent staff members and nurses decreased by more than 40%. Among the two types of health care providers that did not go through a privatization, those central township health centers had no significant change on their payroll size during this period whereas the county hospitals' average payroll size actually increased by 20%, especially for the number of doctors. In addition, the average salary and caseload in TVHC showed similar decreasing trends from 2000 to 2009, while no such trends can be observed among the other two types of providers that did not undergo privatization. The privatization of township-village health center could have adverse effects on their staff retention, a phenomenon that occurs with a decrease in salary and caseload in these centers. To ensure that these health institutions keep providing health care for rural communities, a stronger social safety net and stronger financing of rural health insurance might be helpful in their staff retention.

Staff retention after the privatization of township-village health centers: a case study from the Haimen City of East China

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Township-village health centers in rural areas play an important role in health service system in China. In East China’s Jiangsu Province, the City of Haimen privatized all 25 township-village health centers in 2002. This study assesses the effect of privatization on staff retention among these health centers. Methods This is a retrospective study based on 10-year administrative data from Haimen City. Three waves of administrative data were collected in 2000 (2 years before privatization), 2005 (3 years after privatization) and 2009 (7 years after privatization) for all health care providers in Haimen City, including 3 county hospitals, 6 central township health centers (CTHC) and 25 township-village health centers (TVHC). The effect of privatization on TVHCs’ staff retention was evaluated in comparison with the other two types of health care providers. We conducted focus groups with people from Haimen Bureau of Health and various health care providers to help understand the context of these administrative statistics. Results Each township-village health centers had an average of 40 staff members before the privatization, and the majority of those staff members were their permanent staff. In 2005, three years after the privatization, a substantial amount of staff decrease (from 39.7 staff members per TVHC to 27.5 per TVHC) occurred in these township-village health centers. From 2000 to 2009, the total payroll in TVHCs decreased by almost 29%, while the number of their permanent staff members and nurses decreased by more than 40%. Among the two types of health care providers that did not go through a privatization, those central township health centers had no significant change on their payroll size during this period whereas the county hospitals’ average payroll size actually increased by 20%, especially for the number of doctors. In addition, the average salary and caseload in TVHC showed similar decreasing trends from 2000 to 2009, while no such trends can be observed among the other two types of providers that did not undergo privatization. Conclusion The privatization of township-village health center could have adverse effects on their staff retention, a phenomenon that occurs with a decrease in salary and caseload in these centers. To ensure that these health institutions keep providing health care for rural communities, a stronger social safety net and stronger financing of rural health insurance might be helpful in their staff retention. PMID:23587296

Living with Bats: The Case of Ve Golokuati Township in the Volta Region of Ghana

PubMed Central

Ohemeng, Fidelia; Tweneboah Lawson, Elaine; Waldman, Linda

2017-01-01

Transmission of zoonotic pathogens from bats to humans through direct and indirect contact with bats raises public apprehension about living close to bats. In the township of Ve Golokuati in Ghana, several “camps” of Epomophorus gambianus roost in fruit trees that provide ecosystems services for residents. This study explored human-bat interaction in the township and the potential risks of disease transmission from bats to humans. Data were derived through questionnaire administration and participatory appraisal approach involving focus group discussions, participatory landscape mapping, and transect walk. The study found that most human activities within the township, such as petty-trading, domestic chores, and children's outdoor recreation, exposed people to bats. Though there have been no reported cases of disease spillover from bats to humans from the perspective of residents and from medical records, respondents whose activities brought them closer to bats within the township were found to be more likely to experience fevers than those who do not interact with bats frequently. The study recommends education of community members about the potential risks involved in human-bat interactions and makes suggestions for reducing the frequent interactions with and exposure to bats by humans. PMID:29081813

Site Optimization Tracker: Crossley Farm Superfund Site, Hereford and Washington Townships, Berks County, Pennsylvania

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Pilot Region-Based Optimization Program for Fund-Lead Sites in EPA Region 3. Site Optimization Tracking information for Crossley Farm Superfund Site, Hereford and Washington Townships, Berks County, Pennsylvania.

40 CFR 81.90 - Androscoggin Valley Interstate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Androscoggin Valley Interstate Air Quality Control Region (Maine-New Hampshire) consists of the territorial... New Hampshire: Cass County. ..., New Sharron Town, New Vineyard Town, Perkins Township, Phillips Town, Salem Township, Strong Town...

40 CFR 81.90 - Androscoggin Valley Interstate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Androscoggin Valley Interstate Air Quality Control Region (Maine-New Hampshire) consists of the territorial... New Hampshire: Cass County. ..., New Sharron Town, New Vineyard Town, Perkins Township, Phillips Town, Salem Township, Strong Town...

40 CFR 81.90 - Androscoggin Valley Interstate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Androscoggin Valley Interstate Air Quality Control Region (Maine-New Hampshire) consists of the territorial... New Hampshire: Cass County. ..., New Sharron Town, New Vineyard Town, Perkins Township, Phillips Town, Salem Township, Strong Town...

78 FR 48609 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Delaware River, NJ; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-09

... townships of Tacony, PA and Palmyra, NJ. The deviation cited incorrect vertical clearances in the navigable... the Delaware River, mile 107.2, between the townships of Tacony, PA and Palmyra, NJ. The deviation...

78 FR 16668 - Twenty-Fifth Update of the Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

....... Alpena Township...... MI 49707 Homeland Other 17 Security. Old Station Ludington......... 101 S.... Thunder Bay Island Light Michigan Islands Alpena Township...... MI 49707 Homeland Other 19A Station. Nat'l...

Kayenta Township Building & Safety Department, Tribal Green Building Code Summit Presentation

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Tribal Green Building Code Summit Presentation by Kayenta Township Building & Safety Department showing how they established the building department, developed a code adoption and enforcement process, and hired staff to carry out the work.

5 CFR 532.219 - Criteria for establishing nonappropriated fund wage areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... area is composed of the counties, parishes, cities, or townships in which survey data are collected. (2) Nonsurvey area: Nonsurvey counties, parishes, or townships may be combined with the survey area to form the...

7 CFR 946.31 - Districts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... included in either the Quincy or South Irrigation Districts which lies east of township vertical line R27E... Irrigation Districts which lies west of township line R28E. (c) District No. 3—The counties of Benton...

27 CFR 9.82 - Potter Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... N.-T. 16 N. township line), the boundary runs northwest to the northeastern corner of quadrant 4, on the T. 18 N.-T. 17 N. township line; (2) Then west to the northwest corner of quadrant 1; (3) Then...

7 CFR 946.31 - Districts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... included in either the Quincy or South Irrigation Districts which lies east of township vertical line R27E... Irrigation Districts which lies west of township line R28E. (c) District No. 3—The counties of Benton...

27 CFR 9.82 - Potter Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... N.-T. 16 N. township line), the boundary runs northwest to the northeastern corner of quadrant 4, on the T. 18 N.-T. 17 N. township line; (2) Then west to the northwest corner of quadrant 1; (3) Then...

78 FR 34151 - Notice of Public Hearing: Norfolk Southern Corporation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-06

... in a public hearing on July 23, 2013. The hearing will be conducted at the Moon Township Building, 1000 Beaver Grade Road, Moon Township, PA 15108. The hearing will begin at 9:00 a.m. Interested parties...

Local Power: Tribe & Township.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matlala, Padi; Moloi, Dudley

1995-01-01

Examines the service infrastructure of a rural township in South Africa and the struggle to acquire services like water and electricity. Discusses the interaction of a system of transitional local councils and tribal authorities in the face of local government elections. (LZ)

Perinatal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Studies of Styrene –Acrylonitrile Trimer, A Ground Water Contaminant

PubMed Central

Behl, Mamta; Elmore, Susan A.; Malarkey, David E.; Hejtmancik, Milton R.; Gerken, Diane K.; Chhabra, Rajendra S.

2015-01-01

Styrene Acrylonitrile (SAN) Trimer is a by-product in the production of acrylonitrile styrene plastics. Following a report of a childhood cancer cluster in the Toms River section of Dover Township, New Jersey, SAN Trimer was identified as one of the groundwater contaminants at Reich Farm Superfund site in the township. The contaminants from the Reich Farm site’s ground water plume impacted two wells at the Parkway well field. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) studied the toxicity and carcinogenicity of SAN Trimer in rats exposed during their perinatal developmental period and adulthood. The chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in F344/N rats were preceded by 7- and 18-week perinatal toxicity studies to determine the exposure concentrations for the 2-year studies. Subsequently, Fisher 344 pregnant dams were exposed to SAN Trimer containing diet at 400, 800, or 1600 ppm concentrations during gestation, nursing and weaning periods of offspring followed by two year of adult exposures to both male and female pups. There was no statistically significant evidence of carcinogenic activity following SAN-Trimer exposure; however, rare neoplasms in the brain and spinal cord were observed in males and to lesser extent in female rats. These incidences were considered within the range of historical background in the animal model used in the current studies. Therefore, the presence of a few rarely occurring CNS tumors in the treated groups were not judged to be associated with the SAN Trimer exposure. The major finding was a dose-related peripheral neuropathy associated with the sciatic nerves in females and spinal nerve roots in males and females thereby suggesting that SAN trimer is potentially a nervous system toxicant. PMID:24060431

Presbyopia and near spectacle correction coverage among public school teachers in Ifo Township, South-West Nigeria.

PubMed

Idowu, Oluwatobi Olalekan; Aribaba, Olufisayo T; Onakoya, Adeola Olukorede; Rotimi-Samuel, Adekunle; Musa, Kareem Olatunbosun; Akinsola, Folasade Bolanle

2016-01-01

Presbyopia is an age-related loss of lens accommodation resulting in difficulty in performing near task with attendant effect on the quality of life. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of presbyopia and presbyopic spectacle correction coverage among public school teachers in Ifo township, with a view to providing a baseline information that could be useful for advocacy and planning appropriate intervention. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Six hundred public school teachers aged 30 years and above were examined in 25 clusters using a multistage random sampling technique with probability proportional to size. Questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic data, sources of spectacle and barriers to spectacle use. All participants underwent a standardised protocol including visual acuity assessment (distance and near acuity), anterior and posterior segment examinations and refraction. Six hundred teachers were examined with an age range of 30-61 years. The mean age was 44.7 ± 7.5 years and the male to female ratio was 1:2.2. The prevalence of presbyopia was 81.3% and 38.5% of the presbyopic teachers did not have presbyopic correction. However, the average age of onset of presbyopia was earlier in females 33 years compared to 36 years observed in males, although not statistically significant (P = 0.88). The presbyopic correction coverage was 61.5%. One hundred and eighty-six (62%) presbyopic teachers obtained their spectacle from opticians, and the main barriers to the use of near vision spectacle were lack of awareness (23.7%) and cost (13.7%). This study demonstrated a high prevalence of presbyopia among public school teachers in Ifo town, South-West Nigeria, but less presbyopic spectacle correction coverage.

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Huntsman Corporation in West Deptford Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Huntsman Corporation is located on Mantua Grove Road in West Deptford Township, New Jersey. The Shell Chemical Company manufactured polypropylene pellets at this facility since 1961. Shell stored waste oil and burned it in an on-site boiler.

2. Overall view taken from 260th Street (Township Road), with ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. Overall view taken from 260th Street (Township Road), with missile assembly building on right, and MN DOTD Communication on left, looking southeast - Nike Missile Battery MS-40, County Road No. 260, Farmington, Dakota County, MN

6. Anthony Bley, Photographer Summer, 1975 L TO R: GRANARY, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Anthony Bley, Photographer Summer, 1975 L TO R: GRANARY, TWO CHICKEN HOUSES, PIG BARN - Dundore Farm, State Route 183 & Church Road vicinity, Penn Township (moved to Brownsville vicinity, Lower Heidelberg Township, Berks County), Mount Pleasant, Berks County, PA

Evaluation of borehole geophysical and video logs, at Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Low, Dennis J.; Conger, Randall W.

2001-01-01

Between February 1996 and November 2000, geophysical logging was conducted in 27 open borehole wells in and adjacent to the Butz Landfill Superfund Site, Jackson Township, Monroe County, Pa., to determine casing depth and depths of water-producing zones, water-receiving zones, and zones of vertical borehole flow. The wells range in depth from 57 to 319 feet below land surface. The geophysical logging determined the placement of well screens and packers, which allow monitoring and sampling of water-bearing zones in the fractured bedrock so that the horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known sources could be determined. Geophysical logging included collection of caliper, natural-gamma, single-point-resistance, fluid-resistivity, fluid-temperature, and video logs. Caliper and video logs were used to locate fractures, joints, and weathered zones. Inflections on single-point-resistance, fluid-temperature, and fluid-resistivity logs indicated possible water-bearing fractures, and heatpulse-flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy.

Job Satisfaction Analysis in Rural China: A Qualitative Study of Doctors in a Township Hospital

PubMed Central

Chen, Qiwei; Yang, Lan; Tighe, Scott S.

2017-01-01

Background. Township hospitals in China provide rural communities with basic but much needed critical health care services. The doctors working in these hospitals often feel unsatisfied when considering their work schedules and financial rewards. Method. To explore job satisfaction of health workers in a township hospital, a qualitative study was conducted of 39 doctors from five township hospitals in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The goal was to understand the level of job satisfaction of doctors and to make recommendations for improvements. Results. About 75% (28/39) of the doctors expressed negative attitudes related to their work conditions. Slightly more than half (22/39) mentioned they should receive greater compensation for their work and more than one were seriously considering other options. Many participants (35/39) showed their satisfaction about the achievement of serving as a doctor. Conclusion. Their main concerns related to job satisfaction included working conditions, financial rewards, and the doctor's relationships with patients. Increasing the incomes and fringe benefits of healthcare workers, improving their work conditions, and providing training and continuing education opportunities would help rural clinics retain doctors and eliminate the current unsatisfactory conditions. The findings also highlight the need for the government to increase financial support of township hospitals. PMID:28409052

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Dolan Wholers Corporation in Boonton Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Dolan Wholers Corporation is located at 429 Rockaway Valley Road in Boonton Township, New Jersey. The Dolan Wholers Corp. is the location of the Former Cessna Aircraft facility, which encompasses approximately 160 acres and consisted of several manufac

75 FR 10301 - Buy American Exceptions Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-05

... Township Housing Commission for the purchase and use of coil roofing nails for a re-roofing project at the... request of the Bedford Township Housing Commission, HUD granted an exception to the applicability of the...

7. Anthony Bley, Photographer September, 1976 L TO R: TWO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Anthony Bley, Photographer September, 1976 L TO R: TWO CHICKEN HOUSES, PIG BARN, MILKSHED, BARN - Dundore Farm, State Route 183 & Church Road vicinity, Penn Township (moved to Brownsville vicinity, Lower Heidelberg Township, Berks County), Mount Pleasant, Berks County, PA

[Investigation on current situation of malaria blood examinations in township-level hospitals of Nantong City].

PubMed

Gui-Sheng, Ding; Cai-Qun, Cao; Ping, Miao; Mei-Fang, Gu; Xiao-Bin, Cao

2016-11-18

To understand the quality of malaria blood examinations in township-level hospitals, so as to provide the evidence for continuing the malaria blood examinations in the stage of post-malaria elimination. A total of 64 township hospitals were investigated and 640 negative malaria blood slides were scored individually according to 10 indicators in "Malaria Elimination Technical Scheme" in 2013 and 2014. The single and multiple indicators were calculated, and the work of blood examinations and situation of technicians were investigated. The data of malaria blood examinations and patient discovery in township hospitals of Nantong City were collected and analyzed during the period of 2011-2014. For the single indicator, 29.5% of the thick blood films did not reach the standard, and 35.8% of thin blood films did not reach the standard. For the multiple indicators, blood slides with more than 4 indicators below the standard (poor quality) accounted for 32.5%. From malaria blood examinations and malaria situation, the number of slides was 194 635 during the period of 2011-2014, and there were no local vivax malaria casesin 4 consecutive years from 2011 to 2014, and local malaria has been effectively controlled in Nantong City. For health facilities where malaria patients initially presented, the township and village level accounted for 16.3%, and county and higher level accounted for 83.7%. The quality of malaria blood examinations in township level hospitals of Nantong City is not high and the microscopic examination has a relatively low efficiency in the discovery of malaria cases. A new model for malaria blood examinations needs to be further explored.

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Methode Electronics Incorporated in Willingboro Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The former Methode Electronics facility is a 3.06 acre site located at; 10 Industrial Drive, Willingboro Township, Burlington County, New Jersey, approximately two miles east of the Delaware River, one-half mile southeast of route 130, and one-half mile

78 FR 14578 - Proposed Flood Hazard Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-06

... 15017. Borough of Carnegie Borough Building, 1 Glass Street, Carnegie, PA 15106. Borough of Castle... of Rosslyn Farms Rosslyn Farms Borough Secretary's Office, 421 Kings Highway, Carnegie, PA 15106... Office, 301 Lindsay Road, Carnegie, PA 15106. Township of Shaler Shaler Township Hall, 300 Wetzel Road...

77 FR 3321 - Public Hearing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-23

... Facility: Central New York Oil and Gas Company, LLC (Susquehanna River), Wilmot Township, Bradford County...: Central New York Oil and Gas Company, LLC, Wilmot Township, Bradford County, Pa. Application for... hearing are both new projects and certain projects that were acted upon at the Commission's December 15...

Risk Factors of Pesticide Poisoning and Pesticide Users’ Cholinesterase Levels in Cotton Production Areas: Glazoué and Savè Townships, in Central Republic of Benin

PubMed Central

Vikkey, Hinson Antoine; Fidel, Dossou; Pazou Elisabeth, Yehouenou; Hilaire, Hountikpo; Hervé, Lawin; Badirou, Aguèmon; Alain, Koudafoke; Parfait, Houngbégnon; Fabien, Gounongbé; Benjamin, Fayomi

2017-01-01

Objective: To assess the degree of poisoning in farmers using the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) test before and after the exposure to pesticides in townships in central Benin (Glazoué and Savè) and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, we recruited 264 farm pesticide sprayers, who have been working for at least 5 years. They completed a questionnaire and underwent the AChE test using the Test-mate Model 400 device (EQM Research Inc.) with a photometric sensor, based on the works of Ellman. Results: Organophosphate/pyrethroids were the most common pesticides used by at least 72.96% of the farmworkers. We observed an inhibition of AChE between pre-exposure and post-exposure (P = .002) for 60.61% of the farmworkers. Among them, 11.88% displayed more than 20% AChE inhibition. Conclusions: Pesticide poisoning is a reality, and AChE monitoring is urgently needed for farmworker surveillance. PMID:28469452

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Electronic Parts Specialty Company in Lumberton Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Electronics Parts Specialty Company (EPSCO) is located at 41 Coles Avenue in Lumberton Township, New Jersey. EPSCO is a 4.83-acre active industrial facility that has processed metal components for the electronics industry since the mid-1940s. From 1900

75 FR 62751 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-13

..., Naples, FL 34112. Alpena County, Michigan (All Jurisdictions) Lake Huron From approximately 1.3 None +583 City of Alpena, miles northwest of the Township of Alpena. intersection of Rockport Road and Old Grade... and Brousseau Road. Long Lake Entire shoreline within None +651 Township of Alpena. Alpena County...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Universal Aluminum Extrusion Corporation in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The facility is located at 5 Canale Drive in Egg Harbor Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey. It covers approximately 10 acres in an industrial park and is surrounded by commercial and light industry. The northern half (approximately five acres) of the

78 FR 6745 - Final Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-31

...,250 feet +635 upstream of Spring Mountain Lane. Cranberry Creek at Paradise At the upstream side of +715 Township of Paradise. Browns Hill Road. Approximately 200 feet +1092 upstream of Snowbird Lane..., Schoonover Municipal Building, 25 Municipal Drive, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301. Township of Paradise Maps are...

77 FR 59955 - Changes in Flood Hazard Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

...). Borough of West Housing, and Code Chester 401 East Enforcement Gay Street West Department, 401 Chester, PA 19380. East Gay Street, West Chester, PA 19380. Chester Township of The Honorable Highland Township http.... Laramie Unincorporated The Honorable Gay Laramie County http:// September 27, 2012... 560029 areas of...

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Simmonds Precision Company - Operative Industries in Chester Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The former Simmonds Precision site is located on a 15.2 acre located on Oakdale Road in Chester Township, New Jersey. The site is bound to the north by the Black River Wildlife Management Area, freshwater wetlands, and the Lamington River;

Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Ethicon Incorporated in Bridgewater Township, New Jersey

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Ethicon, Inc., facility is situated on approximately 90-acre campus located within a highly developed suburban area between U.S. Route 22 and U.S. Route 202/206 in Bridgewater Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. It is bordered on the east by Peters

77 FR 63753 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-17

..., Emerg; November 4, 1981, Reg; October 16, 2012, Susp. Anne Arundel County, 240008 March 3, 1972..., Township of, 421688 April 20, 1976, ......do Do. Huntingdon County. Emerg; December 4, 1985, Reg; October.... Huntingdon County. Emerg; September 24, 1984, Reg; October 16, 2012, Susp. Franklin, Township of, 422573...

Prescribing Patterns in Outpatient Clinics of Township Hospitals in China: A Comparative Study before and after the 2009 Health System Reform.

PubMed

Ding, Ding; Pan, Qingxia; Shan, Linghan; Liu, Chaojie; Gao, Lijun; Hao, Yanhua; Song, Jian; Ning, Ning; Cui, Yu; Li, Ye; Qi, Xinye; Liang, Chao; Wu, Qunhong; Liu, Guoxiang

2016-07-05

China introduced a series of health reforms in 2009, including a national essential medicines policy and a medical insurance system for primary care institutions. This study aimed to determine the changing prescribing patterns associated with those reforms in township hospitals. A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to identify 29 township hospitals from six counties in three provinces. A total of 2899 prescriptions were collected from the participating township hospitals using a systematic random sampling strategy. Seven prescribing indicators were calculated and compared between 2008 and 2013, assessing use of medicines (antibiotics and adrenal corticosteroids) and polypharmacy, administration route of medicines (injections), and affordability of medicines. Significant changes in prescribing patterns were found. The average number of medicines and costs per-prescription dropped by about 50%. The percentage of prescriptions requiring antibiotics declined from 54% to 38%. The percentage of prescriptions requiring adrenal corticosteroid declined from 14% to 4%. The percentage of prescriptions requiring injections declined from 54% to 25%. Despite similar changing patterns, significant regional differences were observed. Significant changes in prescribing patterns are evident in township hospitals in China. Overprescription of antibiotics, injections and adrenal corticosteroids has been reduced. However, salient regional disparities still exist. Further studies are needed to determine potential shifts in the risk of the inappropriate use of medicines from primary care settings to metropolitan hospitals.

Evaluation of Dry Wells and Cisterns for Stormwater Control: Millburn Township, New Jersey

EPA Science Inventory

The primary objective of this project was to investigate the effectiveness of the Township of Millburn’s use of on-site dry wells to limit stormwater flows into the local drainage system. The objective was to examine this stormwater management alternative applicable for mature ur...

75 FR 8784 - Notice of Public Hearing and Commission Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... Inc. (Unnamed Tributary to North Branch Sugar Creek--Besley), Columbia Township, Bradford County, Pa... Inc. (South Branch Sugar Creek--Shedden), Troy Township, Bradford County, Pa. Application for surface water withdrawal of up to 0.900 mgd. 9. Project Sponsor and Facility: Fortuna Energy Inc. (Sugar Creek...

76 FR 74717 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

..., Dec. 2, 2011 Dec. 2, 2011. Clarion County. 1979, Emerg; January 17, 1985, Reg; December 2, 2011, Susp. Beaver, Township of, 422362 October 26, ......do Do. Clarion County. 1979, Emerg; January 17, 1985, Reg..., Township of, Clarion 422365 February 11, ......do Do. County. 1976, Emerg; July 3, 1985, Reg; December 2...

The Influence of Township Schools on the Resilience of Their Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mampane, Ruth; Bouwer, Cecilia

2011-01-01

Many learners living in townships require protection and resilience to overcome obstacles and adversities in their context of development. The literature on resilience indicates strongly that resilience is embedded systemically. In the absence of constructive and supportive conditions in the home environment, the school would logically appear to…

77 FR 50016 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-20

... Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of... operating schedule that governs the Grassy Sound Channel (Ocean Drive) Bridge across the Grassy Sound... operating schedule to accommodate ``The Wild Half'' run. The Grassy Sound Channel (Ocean Drive) Bridge...

77 FR 9856 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-21

..., Reg; March 2, 2012, Susp. Bellwood, Borough of, 420160 May 18, 1976, ......do Do. Blair County. Emerg.... Blair County. Emerg; April 1, 1982, Reg; March 2, 2012, Susp. Harrison, Township of, 421338 October 24.... Emerg; September 6, 1989, Reg; March 2, 2012, Susp. Huston, Township of, Blair 422332 February 6, 1976...

76 FR 78164 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-16

.... Emerg; March 2, 1983, Reg; December 16, 2011, Susp. Crockery, Township of, 260981 December 17, ......do... 260184 April 30, 1973, ......do Do. County. Emerg; March 1, 1978, Reg; December 16, 2011, Susp. Grand... Township 260492 September 7, ......do Do. of, Ottawa County. 1976, Emerg; December 1, 1983, Reg; December...

5. Anthony Bley, Photographer Summer, 1975 L TO R: CORN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Anthony Bley, Photographer Summer, 1975 L TO R: CORN CRIB-WAGON SHED, BARN, FRAME OF WHEAT BARN, CORN CRIB, PIG BARN - Dundore Farm, State Route 183 & Church Road vicinity, Penn Township (moved to Brownsville vicinity, Lower Heidelberg Township, Berks County), Mount Pleasant, Berks County, PA

Ground-Water Levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weaver, T.L.; Crowley, S.L.; Blumer, S.P.

2006-01-01

In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS has operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham, Fairhaven, Grant, and Lake Townships (fig. 1) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report. The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only the wells in Fairhaven and Lake Townships retained continuous waterlevel recorders, while the wells in Grant and Bingham Townships reverted primarily to periodic or quarterly measurement status. USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level, on a quarterly basis, in 25 wells. USGS personnel regularly accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the 25 periodically or quarterly-measured wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. In 1998, the USGS also completed a temporal and spatial analysis of the monitoring well network in Huron County (Holtschlag and Sweat, 1998).The altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for ground-water levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the mean-monthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at sites near Essexville or Harbor Beach, or both (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05), and monthly precipitation measured in Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05). In March 2003, a new low-water level for the period from 1991 through 2005 was measured in Lake Huron. There was almost no net change in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2004 through December 2005. In 2004, annual precipitation measured in Port Hope was about 3.7 inches above normal, but precipitation measured in Bad Axe was about 1.4 inches below normal. About 14.5 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2004 summer growing season (May through August), which is about the same as was measured in Port Hope during the same period. Provisional precipitation totals for 2005 were 30.7 inches for January through November in Port Hope, and about 31.7 inches for the year in Bad Axe. About 10.6 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2005 summer growing season, which is about 0.2 inches more than was recorded at Port Hope during the same period.Two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders are completed in the Saginaw and Marshall aquifers in Fairhaven and Lake Townships, respectively. From January 2004 through December 2005, the net rise in the water level in the Fairhaven Township well was 0.71 ft, and the net rise in the Lake Township well was 0.98 ft. The Fairhaven Township well is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was almost no net change in the water level in Saginaw Bay over the same period. Hydrographs showing water levels are presented for the two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders. Continuous-data recorders were discontinued in the Grant and Bingham Township wells at the end of 2003 due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. The Grant Township well was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is little used for drinking water purposes or absent in much of Huron County. The Bingham Township well, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement because water levels in the well are often perturbed as a result of pumpage from nearby production wells and do not reflect baseline conditions within the aquifer.Twenty five wells were measured on a periodic or quarterly basis in 2004-05. These wells are completed in the glacial, Saginaw, and Marshall aquifers, and the Coldwater confining unit. Although each quarterly measurement only provides a “snapshot” water level (measured in feet below land surface), the data adequately define the generalized water-level trend in the aquifer near the well. Water levels in 15 quarterlymeasured wells had a net rise ranging from 0.20 to 1.31 ft for the period from January 2004 to December 2005, while water levels in 10 of the wells had a net decline ranging from 0.07 to 0.99 ft over the same period (fig. 3; table 1). Period-of-record (the time period when water levels have been measured by U.S. Geological Survey or their cooperators) minimum depths to water (high-water levels) were measured in March 2004 in two quarterly-measured wells completed in the Marshall aquifer in Lake and Hume Townships. Period-of-record maximum depths to water were measured in September 2005 in three wells completed in the Marshall aquifer near Bad Axe. Water levels in those three wells recovered about 3 to 5 ft between September and December 2005. No period-of-record minimum or maximum depths to water were measured for the period from January 2004 through December 2005 in wells completed in either the glacial and Saginaw aquifers, or the Coldwater confining unit. Hydrographs showing water levels measured in each well are presented for the 25 wells measured on a quarterly basis.Water-level trends measured for the period from January 2004 through December 2005 in other wells in Lower Michigan have similarities to those measured in Huron County wells. Several external factors influence water-level trends including proximity to nearby production wells, amount and timing of precipitation events, evapotranspiration and type of prevalent ground cover, proximity of aquifer to the surface, and hydraulic characteristics of overlying geologic materials.

Satisfaction of village doctors with the township and village health services integration policy in the western minority-inhabited areas of China.

PubMed

Feng, Da; Zhang, Liang; Xiang, Yuan-Xi; Zhang, Dong-Lan; Wang, Ruo-Xi; Tang, Shang-Feng; Fu, Hang; Li, Bo-Yang

2017-02-01

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management (TVHSIM) is an essential form of China's two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China's new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors' satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors' personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels (all P<0.05). Age (P<0.05) and years of practice (P<0.01) were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level (P<0.05) was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status (P<0.05) was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors' satisfaction with TVHSIM (P<0.01). In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Perceived role and its enhancing factors among the village health volunteers regarding malaria control in rural myanmar.

PubMed

Aung, P Linn; Silawan, Tassanee; Rawiworrakul, Tassanee; Min, Myo

2018-01-01

Village health volunteers (VHVs) are key agents for malaria control in community. The Myanmar Medical Association-Malaria (MMA-Malaria) Project has promoted effective malaria control in endemic and high-risk townships by supporting roles of VHVs. To assess the roles of VHVs on malaria control and factors enhancing their roles in rural Myanmar. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five townships where the MMA-Malaria Project has been implemented. One hundred and fifty VHVs were sampled from five townships by simple random sampling. Data were collected by trained interviewers using structured questionnaires, which covered sociodemographic, supportive, motivational factors, and roles of malaria control. Studied variables were described by proportions, means, and standard deviations and were analyzed for their association by odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and Chi-square tests. Most of VHVs (96%) expected to demonstrate good roles on malaria control, but only 44.0% exhibited current roles at a good level. Factors enhancing their roles were female (P = 0.037), family income ≥50,001 kyat/month (P < 0.015), time serving as a volunteer 1-2 years (P = 0.006), good knowledge of malaria control (P < 0.001), good family support (P < 0.001), good community support (P < 0.001), and good motivational factors (P = 0.002). VHVs are key agents for malaria control in community. Most of VHVs expected to demonstrate good roles on malaria control, but less than half of them exhibited current roles at a good level. The systems and program for improving VHVs' knowledge, encouraging family and community support, and promoting motivation are essential for their better roles.

77 FR 4803 - Dominion Transmission, Inc.; Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

...) existing Sabinsville Meter Station and running south across portions of Clymer, Gaines, and Elk Townships..., Pennsylvania; Replacement of regulators and upgrade of monitor controls at the existing Boom Compressor Station... Station in Stewardson Township, Potter County, Pennsylvania; Installation of about 900 feet of new 24-inch...

27 CFR 9.41 - Lancaster Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... boundary for approximately 0.9 mile to the 500 foot contour line immediately south of the Conestoga River... Township boundary. (3) Then south approximately 0.1 mile following the Caernarvon-East Earl Township boundary to U.S. Highway 322. (4) Then west following U.S. Highway 322 for approximately 1.7 miles to the...

27 CFR 9.41 - Lancaster Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... boundary for approximately 0.9 mile to the 500 foot contour line immediately south of the Conestoga River... Township boundary. (3) Then south approximately 0.1 mile following the Caernarvon-East Earl Township boundary to U.S. Highway 322. (4) Then west following U.S. Highway 322 for approximately 1.7 miles to the...

27 CFR 9.41 - Lancaster Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... boundary for approximately 0.9 mile to the 500 foot contour line immediately south of the Conestoga River... Township boundary. (3) Then south approximately 0.1 mile following the Caernarvon-East Earl Township boundary to U.S. Highway 322. (4) Then west following U.S. Highway 322 for approximately 1.7 miles to the...

Myanmar: The Community Learning Centre Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Middelborg, Jorn; Duvieusart, Baudouin, Ed.

A community learning centre (CLC) is a local educational institution outside the formal education system, usually set up and managed by local people. CLCs were first introduced in Myanmar in 1994, and by 2001 there were 71 CLCs in 11 townships. The townships are characterized by remoteness, landlessness, unemployment, dependency on one cash crop,…

Community Violence and PTSD in Selected South African Townships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dinan, B. Ann; McCall, George J.; Gibson, Diana

2004-01-01

Given the high rates of crime in South Africa's townships, nonpolitical violence out-side the home and its psychological impact on women were investigated within two samples, the primary a help-seeking sample and the secondary a community sample. In the help-seeking sample, two thirds of the women reported having experienced several traumatic…

75 FR 28685 - Oritani Financial Corp., MHC, Township of Washington, NJ; Approval of Conversion Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-21

... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of Thrift Supervision [AC-39: OTS Nos. H-2944 and H-4701] Oritani Financial Corp., MHC, Township of Washington, NJ; Approval of Conversion Application Notice is hereby given that on May 10, 2010, the Office of Thrift Supervision approved the application of Oritani...

Wayne Township Public Library, Final Performance Report for Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA) Title VI, Library Literacy Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smyth, Carol B.; Grannell, Dorothy S.; Moore, Miriam

The Literacy Resource Center project, a program of the Wayne Township Public Library also known as the Morrisson-Reeves Library (Richmond, Indiana), involved recruitment, retention, coalition building, public awareness, training, basic literacy, collection development, tutoring, computer-assisted, other technology, employment oriented,…

Growing Readers: Wendy Wilcox--West Bloomfield Township Public Library, MI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Journal, 2005

2005-01-01

In 2001 youth services librarian Wendy Wilcox begged her boss for the chance to make West Bloomfield Township Public Library (WBTPL) one of 20 demonstration sites for the Public Library Association (PLA)/Association for Library Service to Children initiative Every Child Ready To Read. While all participating libraries teach parents and caregivers…

Service-Learning from a Distance: Partnering Multiple Universities and Local Governments in a Large Scale Initiative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poindexter, Sandra; Arnold, Pamela; Osterhout, Christopher

2009-01-01

Service-learning can be academically effective even when the distances between students and client organizations prevent face-to-face interchanges and site visits. Working with the State of Michigan and Michigan Townships Association, Michigan students from five universities learned about local government while helping Michigan townships develop…

43 CFR 9180.0-3 - Authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Alaska by the Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stat. 1098; 48 U.S.C. 351). The regular township surveys in Alaska... addressed to the State Director, Juneau, Alaska. (c) Resurvey of township—(1) Without cost to applicant when... resurvey by the Government of townships heretofore held to be ineligible for resurvey under existing...

40 CFR 81.162 - Northeast Plateau Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... corner of T. 35 N., R. 2 E; then east along the township line common to T. 35 N. and T. 34 N. to the... southwest corner of T. 33 N., R. 3 E.; then east along the township line common to T. 33 N. and T. 32 N. to...

The Reflexive Adaptations of School Principals in a "Local" South African Space

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fataar, Aslam

2009-01-01

This paper is an analysis of the work of three principals in an impoverished black township in post-apartheid South Africa. Based on qualitative approaches, it discusses the principals' entry into the township, and their navigation of their schools' surrounding social dynamics. It combines the lenses of "space" and…

Exploring Safety in Township Secondary Schools in the Free State Province

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Masitsa, M. G.

2011-01-01

Research overwhelmingly suggests that effective teaching and learning can occur only in a safe and secure school environment. However, despite the plethora of laws and acts protecting teachers and learners in South African schools, scores of them are still unsafe. This study examines the safety of teachers and learners in township secondary…

Roadmap to Implementing Green Cleaning in Districts and Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Rochelle, Ed.

2012-01-01

Bill Thompson, Director of Facilities for Lockport Township High School in Illinois, first considered starting a green cleaning program after his janitors became dizzy when using a traditional chemical floor stripper. Thompson started introducing green products gradually at Lockport Township High, and now almost all of the cleaning agents used at…

Successful Students' Negotiation of Township Schooling in Contemporary South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kapp, Rochelle; Badenhorst, Elmi; Bangeni, Bongi; Craig, Tracy S.; van Rensburg, Viki Janse; Le Roux, Kate; Prince, Robert; Pym, June; van Pletzen, Ermien

2014-01-01

This article draws on data from a larger longitudinal qualitative case study which is tracking the progress of students over the course of their undergraduate degrees at a South African university. For this paper, we used background questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 62 first-year students from working-class, township schools who…

76 FR 49662 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Grassy Sound Channel, Middle Township, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

... accommodate racers in ``The Wild Half'' half marathon. This deviation allows the bridge to remain in the closed position to ensure safe passage for the half marathon racers. DATES: This deviation is effective... Sound Channel, mile 1.0, at Middle Township, NJ. The route of ``The Wild Half'' half marathon crosses...

77 FR 39642 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-05

...; May 3, 1990, Reg; July 3, 2012, Susp. Jefferson, Township of, 421071 June 24, 1976, ......do Do. Berks... 421086 December 23, 1976, ......do Do. of, Berks County. Emerg; March 18, 1983, Reg; July 3, 2012, Susp..., 1971, ......do Do. Berks County. Emerg; March 16, 1976, Reg; July 3, 2012, Susp. Windsor, Township of...

77 FR 13010 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

.... Emerg; August 24, 1984, Reg; March 15, 2012, Susp. Beaver, Township of, 422441 May 15, 1979, ......do Do... of, 420508 May 18, 1976, ......do Do. Jefferson County. Emerg; June 4, 1990, Reg; March 15, 2012.... Emerg; April 16, 1991, Reg; March 15, 2012, Susp. Clover, Township of, 422442 May 18, 1976, ......do Do...

78 FR 25582 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-02

..., Township of, Wayne 422158 January 23, 1976, May 16, 2013 May 16, 2013 County. Emerg; July 15, 1988, Reg..., ......do Do. County. Emerg; March 4, 1988, Reg; May 16, 2013, Susp. Dyberry, Township of, 422165 May 2... 422167 July 2, 1975, ......do Do. County. Emerg; March 4, 1988, Reg; May 16, 2013, Susp. Manchester...

Ecosystem Health Assessment at County-Scale Using the Pressure-State-Response Framework on the Loess Plateau, China.

PubMed

Liu, Delin; Hao, Shilong

2016-12-22

Assessing ecosystem health is helpful to determine reasonable eco-environmental restoration and resource management strategies. Based on a pressure-state-response (PSR) framework, a set of comprehensive indicators including natural, social and economic aspects was proposed and applied for assessing the ecosystem health of Yuanzhou County, Loess Plateau, Ningxia Province, China. The basic data used to calculate the values of the assessment indicators include Landsat TM image and socio-economic data, and remote sensing (RS) and the geographic information system (GIS) were used to process image data. The results showed that the ecosystem health conditions of most townships in Yuanzhou County were at the moderately healthy level, three townships were at the healthy level, and only two townships were at the unhelathy level; the areas (percentage) at the unhealthy, moderately healthy and healthy levels were 443.91 km² (12.66%), 2438.75 km² (69.54%) and 624.50 km² (17.81%), respectively. The results could provide useful information for local residents and the government to take measures to improve the health conditions of their township ecosystem.

Ecosystem Health Assessment at County-Scale Using the Pressure-State-Response Framework on the Loess Plateau, China

PubMed Central

Liu, Delin; Hao, Shilong

2016-01-01

Assessing ecosystem health is helpful to determine reasonable eco-environmental restoration and resource management strategies. Based on a pressure-state-response (PSR) framework, a set of comprehensive indicators including natural, social and economic aspects was proposed and applied for assessing the ecosystem health of Yuanzhou County, Loess Plateau, Ningxia Province, China. The basic data used to calculate the values of the assessment indicators include Landsat TM image and socio-economic data, and remote sensing (RS) and the geographic information system (GIS) were used to process image data. The results showed that the ecosystem health conditions of most townships in Yuanzhou County were at the moderately healthy level, three townships were at the healthy level, and only two townships were at the unhelathy level; the areas (percentage) at the unhealthy, moderately healthy and healthy levels were 443.91 km2 (12.66%), 2438.75 km2 (69.54%) and 624.50 km2 (17.81%), respectively. The results could provide useful information for local residents and the government to take measures to improve the health conditions of their township ecosystem. PMID:28025518

Intercultural partnering for the benefit of South Africa township high school students.

PubMed

Davis, Janis; Dodge, Emily; Welderufael, Martha

2014-12-01

An intercultural partnership was formed to meet South African township high schools' need to provide career education and identify barriers and hope in relation to career choice. The objective of this study was to collect data on the students' perceptions of career choice, barriers prohibiting students from engaging in a career of choice and their general hopefulness. A non-experimental, descriptive study was used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis strategies was used. A significant difference was found based on gender in relation to having career options and with regard to how knowledge about careers is gained. Despite barriers to career choice, students are hopeful about the future. Occupational deprivation is a risk factor for South African youth living in disadvantaged communities. Results are from two township high schools in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. English as a second language may have influenced data analysis. Future research must explore the role of occupational therapy in South African township high schools and the issue of career choice among South African youth. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect of urbanization on the water resources of Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sloto, R.A.; Davis, D.K.

1982-01-01

Rapid suburban development occurred in Warminster Township and the surrounding area after World War II, resulting in a large population dependent on ground water. In 1980, approximately 2.7 billion gallons of ground water was pumped by public water suppliers and government facilities. Pumping wells can cause drawdown as far as 2,500 feet undip, downdip, or along strike even if the wells do not penetrate the same strata. Pumping wells have lowered base flow; a stream-gain-and-loss study showed that water lost from Little Neshaminy Creek was about 60 percent of the water pumped from wells near the stream. Net ground-water infiltration to sewers was about 830 million gallons in 1979, a wet year, and about 250 million gallons in 1980, a dry year. Estimated water budgets for 1979 and 1980 indicate evapotranspiration can range from 20 to 26 inches per year (1.0 to 1.2 million gallons per day per square mile) and recharge can range from 8 to 18 inches per year (0.4 to 0.9 million gallons per day per square mile). In a year with average precipitation (45 inches or 2.1 million gallons per day per square mile), evapotranspiration is about 24 inches (1.1 million gallons per day per square mile). Ground-water development in the area influenced by pumping is at its practical limit for years of average recharge, but as much as 1.1 million gallons per day of additional water may be obtained by drilling and pumping wells in areas of Warminster Township not affected by pumping. The concentration of most dissolved constituents increased in water from seven wells, sampled at the onset of urbanization in 1953 and 1956 and again in 1979. Ground-water contamination by volatile organic compounds, especially trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, has made water from some wells unsuitable for public supply. The concentration of lead in 26 samples of ground water ranged from 0 to 55 micrograms per liter, with a median of 17 micrograms per liter; this is above the reported national median and the median in nearby Chester County. High concentrations of sulfate and dissolved solids in ground water are probably caused by restricted gournd-water circulation and may be reduced by long-term pumping, which flushes the aquifer. Effluent from sewage treatment plants has degraded the quality of low streamflow.

TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION REPORT, SITE PROGRAM DEMONSTRATION TEST: SHIRCO PILOT-SCALE INFRARED INCINERATION SYSTEM ROSE TOWNSHIP DEMODE ROAD SUPERFUND SITE - VOLUME II

EPA Science Inventory

The performance of the Shirco pilot-scale infrared thermal destruction system has been evaluated at the Rose Township, Demode Road Superfund Site and is presented in the report. The waste tested consisted of solvents, organics and heavy metals in an illegal dump site. Volume I gi...

41 CFR 102-173.55 - What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... TELECOMMUNICATIONS 173-INTERNET GOV DOMAIN Registration § 102-173.55 What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships? (a) To register any second-level domain within dot-gov, City (town) governments must register the... dash. Examples of preferred domain names include— (i) Chicago-il.gov; (ii) Cityofcharleston-sc.gov...

41 CFR 102-173.55 - What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... TELECOMMUNICATIONS 173-INTERNET GOV DOMAIN Registration § 102-173.55 What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships? (a) To register any second-level domain within dot-gov, City (town) governments must register the... dash. Examples of preferred domain names include— (i) Chicago-il.gov; (ii) Cityofcharleston-sc.gov...

41 CFR 102-173.55 - What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TELECOMMUNICATIONS 173-INTERNET GOV DOMAIN Registration § 102-173.55 What is the naming convention for Cities and Townships? (a) To register any second-level domain within dot-gov, City (town) governments must register the... dash. Examples of preferred domain names include— (i) Chicago-il.gov; (ii) Cityofcharleston-sc.gov...

Understanding the Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on Inquiry-Based Science Education at Township Schools in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramnarain, Umesh

2016-01-01

This mixed-methods research investigated teachers' perceptions of intrinsic factors (personal attributes of the teacher) and extrinsic factors (environmental) influencing the implementation of inquiry-based science learning at township (underdeveloped urban area) high schools in South Africa. Quantitative data were collected by means of an adapted…

Partnerships for Educational Excellence and Research: HPT in the Townships of South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robbins, Joanne K.; Weisenburgh-Snyder, Amy B.; Damons, Bruce; Van Rooyen, Marie; Ismail, Camila

2011-01-01

Effective performance-based instruction is making a sustained and noticeable impact on township schools in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. We document the performance improvement effort made over the past 7 years by Partnerships for Educational Excellence and Research International (P.E.E.R), a team of educators, instructional system designers,…

Budget Monitoring and Control in South African Township Schools: Democratic Governance at Risk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mestry, Raj; Naidoo, Gans

2009-01-01

This article investigates budget monitoring and control in township schools in South Africa. The enactment of the Schools Act 1996 revolutionized school financial management in South Africa, making it part of the drive for democratic school governance. School governing bodies had to be established, whose responsibility it became to manage finances…

76 FR 12022 - Foreign-Trade Zone 147-Berks County, PA; Site Renumbering Notice; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

..., sunset 5/31/2014)--Key Logistics Park, Centerville Road, Newville; Site 19 (292 acres, sunset 5/31/2014... Park, Maiden Creek Township; Site 4 (272.33 acres total)--within the International Trade District of... the Penn Township Industrial Park located at 762 Wilson Avenue in York (10.55 acres), at 14 Barnhart...

77 FR 66796 - Foreign-Trade Zone 147-Reading, PA Application for Reorganization Under Alternative Site Framework

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

...)--United Business Park, 7810 Olde Scotland Road, Shippensburg; Site 18 (208 acres)--Key Logistics Park... Park, Maiden Creek Township; Site 4 (272.33)--International Trade District of York, York; Site 5 (54.42 acres)--Penn Township Industrial Park, York; Site 7 (155 acres)--Greensprings Industrial Park, 305 Green...

76 FR 13208 - Notice of Lodging of Settlement Agreement Under the Clean Air Act, Comprehensive Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-10

... Disposal Superfund Site in Kansas; 8. The 68th Street Dump Superfund Site in Maryland; 9. The Maryland Sand.... The Reclamation Oil Company Site in Michigan; 16. The Rose Township Dump Superfund Site in Michigan; 17. The Springfield Township Dump Superfund Site in Michigan; 18. The Ventron/Velsicol Superfund Site...

Red fox spatial characteristics in relation to waterfowl predation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sargeant, A.B.

1972-01-01

Radio-equipped red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) on the Cedar Creek area in Minnesota were spatially distributed, with individual families occupying well defined, nonoverlapping, contiguous territories. Territory boundaries often conformed to natural physical boundaries and appeared to be maintained through some nonaggressive behavior mechanism. Individual foxes traveled extensively throughout the family territory each night. Fox territories appeared to range from approximately 1 to 3 square miles in size, dependent largely on population density. Red foxes used a sequence of dens to rear their pups, and the amount and location of food remains at individual dens changed as the pups matured. The denning season was divided into pre-emergence, confined-use, and dispersed-use periods of 4 to 5 weeks each. Remains of adult waterfowl were collected at rearing dens on six townships in three ecologically different regions of eastern North Dakota. Remains of 172 adult dabbling ducks and 16 adult American coots (Fulica americana) were found at 35 dens. No remains from diving ducks were found. The number of adult ducks per den averaged 1.6, 5.9, and 10.2 for paired townships in regions with relatively low, moderate and high duck populations, respectively. Eighty-four percent of the ducks were females. The species and sex composition of ducks found at dens during early and late sampling periods reflected the nesting chronology of prairie dabbling ducks. Occupied rearing dens were focal points of red fox travel, and the locations of dens may have had considerable influence on predation. Thirty-five of 38 dens found on the six township study areas were on pastured or idle lands. The distribution of rearing dens on the Sand Lake and Arrowwood national wildlife refuges suggested that, on these areas, fox dens were concentrated because of the topography and land-use practices.

Management of groundwater in farmed pond area using risk-based regulation.

PubMed

Huang, Jun-Ying; Liao, Chiao-Miao; Lin, Kao-Hung; Lee, Cheng-Haw

2014-09-01

Blackfoot disease (BFD) had occurred seriously in the Yichu, Hsuehchia, Putai, and Peimen townships of Chia-Nan District of Taiwan in the early days. These four townships are the districts of fishpond cultivation domestically in Taiwan. Groundwater becomes the main water supply because of short income in surface water. The problems of over pumping in groundwater may not only result in land subsidence and seawater intrusion but also be harmful to the health of human giving rise to the bioaccumulation via food chain in groundwater with arsenic (As). This research uses sequential indicator simulation (SIS) to characterize the spatial arsenic distribution in groundwater in the four townships. Risk assessment is applied to explore the dilution ratio (DR) of groundwater utilization, which is defined as the ratio showing the volume of groundwater utilization compared to pond water, for fish farming in the range of target cancer risk (TR) especially on the magnitude of 10(-4)~10(-6). Our study results reveal that the 50th percentile of groundwater DRs served as a regulation standard can be used to perform fish farm groundwater management for a TR of 10(-6). For a TR of 5 × 10(-6), we suggest using the 75th percentile of DR for groundwater management. For a TR of 10(-5), we suggest using the 95th percentile of the DR standard for performing groundwater management in fish farm areas. For the TR of exceeding 5 × 10(-5), we do not suggest establishing groundwater management standards under these risk standards. Based on the research results, we suggest that establishing a TR at 10(-5) and using the 95th percentile of DR are best for groundwater management in fish farm areas.

Establish susceptibility and risk assessment models for rainfall-induced landslide: A case in Central Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Chunhung; Huang, Jyuntai

2017-04-01

Most of the landslide cases in Taiwan were triggered by rainfall or earthquake events. The heavy rainfall in the typhoon seasons, from June to October, causes the landslide hazard more serious. Renai Towhship is of the most large landslide cases after 2009 Typhoon Morakot (from Aug. 5 to Aug. 10, 2009) in Taiwan. Around 2,744 landslides cases with the total landslide area of 21.5 km2 (landslide ratio =1.8%), including 26 large landslide cases, induced after 2009 Typhoon Morakot in Renai Towhship. The area of each large landslides case is more than 0.1 km2, and the area of the largest case is around 0.96 km2. 58% of large landslide cases locate in the area with metamorphosed sandstone. The mean slope of 26 large landslide cases ranges from 15 degree to 56 degree, and the accumulated rainfall during 2009 Typhoon Morakot ranges from 530 mm to 937 mm. Three methods, including frequency ratio method (abbreviated as FR), weights of evidence method (abbreviated as WOE), and logistic regression method (abbreviated as LR), are used in this study to establish the landslides susceptibility in the Renai Township, Nantou County, Taiwan. Eight landslide related-factors, including elevation, slope, aspect, geology, land use, distance to drainage, distance to fault, accumulation rainfall during 2009 Typhoon Morakot, are used to establish the landslide susceptibility models in this study. The landslide inventory after 2009 Typhoon Morakot is also used to test the model performance in this study. The mean accumulated rainfall in Renai Township during 2009 typhoon Morakot was around 735 mm with the maximum 1-hr, 3-hrs, and 6-hrs rainfall intensity of 44 mm/1-hr, 106 mm/3-hrs and 204 mm/6-hrs, respectively. The range of original susceptibility values established by three methods are 4.0 to 20.9 for FR, -33.8 to -16.1 for WOE, and -41.7 to 5.7 for LR, and the mean landslide susceptibility value are 8.0, -24.6 and 0.38, respectively. The AUC values are 0.815 for FR, 0.816 for WOE, and 0.823 for LR. The study normalized the susceptibility value range of three landslide susceptibility models to 0 to 1 to deeply compare the model performance. The normalized landslide susceptibility value > 0.5 and ≦0.5 are regarded as predicted-landslide area and predicted-not-landslide area. The ratio of the area in the predicted-landslide area to the total area is 3.0% for FR, 71.4% for WOE, and 26.5% for LR. And the correct ratio is 65.5% for FR, 61.9% for WOE, 74.5% for LR. The study adopted 14 rainfall stations with more than 20 years daily rainfall data in Renai Township to estimate the 24 hrs accumulated rainfall with different RPYs. Landslide susceptibility map under 24 hrs accumulated rainfall distribution with different RPYs is used to estimate the landslide disaster location and scale. The landslide risk under different RPYs in Renai Township is calculated as 2.62 billion for 5 RPYs, 3.06 billion for 10 RPYs, 4.69 billion for 25 RPYs, 5.97 billion for 50 RPYs, 6.98 billion for 100 RPYs, and 8.23 billion for 200 RPYs, respectively.

Rich Township High School, Olympia Fields Campus, Rich Township, Illinois. Profiles of Significant Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clinchy, Evans

A profile is presented of a high school designed to accommodate the organization of teachers into teams working with student groups of varying sizes--this organization is housed in a compact building with the teaching teams centered in clusters of classrooms. The building is heated in winter and cooled in summer by a heat pump system. The…

Teachers' Knowledge and Views on the Use of Learners' Socio-Cultural Background in Teaching Natural Sciences in Grade 9 Township Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mavuru, Lydia; Ramnarain, Umesh

2017-01-01

This article explores teachers' knowledge and views on the role of learners' socio-cultural background when teaching Natural Sciences to Grade 9 learners at three South African township schools. Within a socio-cultural framework, the research investigated how teachers accommodate learners' cultural norms and values, religion and beliefs,…

"Girls Don't Play Soccer": Children Policing Gender on the Playground in a Township Primary School in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayeza, Emmanuel

2017-01-01

This paper is based on an ethnographic study conducted between 2012 and 2014 with a group of 64 boys and girls aged 6-10, all attending the same township primary school in South Africa. The paper explores how the young children construct gender "boundaries" and "police" gender "transgressions" on the school playground…

Stress among Black Women in a South African Township: The Protective Role of Religion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Copeland-Linder, Nikeea

2006-01-01

Communities that have been exposed to high levels of stress and where religiosity is salient are ideal contexts in which to examine the role of religion in stress processes. The present study examines the protective function of religiosity among Black women in a South African township. The women (N = 172) were interviewed about sources of stress,…

Branchburg Solar Farm and Carport

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gregory, John

2013-10-23

To meet the goal of becoming a model of green, clean, and efficient consumer of energy, the Township of Branchburg will install of a 250kw solar farm to provide energy for the Township of Branchburg Municipal Building, a 50kw Solar carport to provide power to the Municipal Annex, purchase 3 plug in hybrid-electric vehicles, and install 3 dual-head charging stations.

Identification of Opinion Leaders in Public Affairs, Educational Matters and Family Planning in the Township of Atteridgeville. Research Finding Comm N-142.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heath, M. R.; Bekker, S. J.

A study examined opinion leadership among blacks in Atteridgeville, South Africa. Specifically the study sought to identify potential opinion leaders, opinion seekers and opinion avoiders with respect to public affairs, educational and family planning matters in Atteridgeville township, and to construct a profile of such opinion leaders. Subjects,…

Superfund Technology Evaluation Report: SITE Program Demonstration Test Shirco Pilot-Scale Infrared Incineration System at the Rose Township Demode Road Superfund Site Volume I

EPA Science Inventory

The Shirco Pilot-Scale Infrared Incineration System was evaluated during a series of seventeen test runs under varied operating conditions at the Demode Road Superfund Site located in Rose Township, Michigan. The tests sought to demonstrate the effectiveness of the unit and the t...

Minorities and Women in State and Local Governments. 1974. Volume V--Township Governments. Research Report No. 52-5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reshad, Rosalind S.

One of six volumes summarizing through narrative and statistical tables data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in its 1974 survey, this fifth volume details nationwide statistics on the employment status of minorities and women working in township governments. Data from 299 actual units of government in fourteen states were…

"Girls Are Not Free"--In and out of the South African School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhana, Deevia

2012-01-01

Interviews conducted with township girls in South Africa show enduring experiences of sexual violence both in and out of the school. Fear of boys and men were articulated in relation to boyfriends, male teachers, men in the township neighbourhood and men in the home. While the girls attempted to exercise agency in arresting their fears, these…

Thermal characteristics of a residential house in a new township in Johor Bahru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Y. Y.; Lee, Y. H.; Mohammad, S.; Shek, P. N.; Ma, C. K.

2017-11-01

As one of the densest population occurred in Johor Bahru, development of a new township become necessary in order to cater this growth. Rapid urbanization is a factor of degradation of environmental quality which may increase surrounded temperature through urban heat island (UHI) phenomena. Therefore, this paper is investigating thermal comfort for a new township, Bandar Dato Onn in Johor Bahru, in order to understand the thermal characteristics of a new township and for further mitigation of UHI phenomena. Surface temperature, ambient temperature and relative humidity have been collected from a terrace house of Bandar Dato Onn. Thermal characteristics with the features of time lag and decrement factors were discussed based on the collected data. The time lag of 5 to 8 hours and the decrement factors of 0.02 to 0.06 were recorded during a five-day measurement. It was concluded that human thermal comfort may not be achieved as the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system needed for bedroom and living room. Passive energy design is suggested to be included in the house in order to have human thermal comfort while reducing the electricity consumption towards sustainable future.

Sources of water to wells in updip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, Gloucester and Camden Counties, New Jersey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Watt, Martha K.; Voronin, Lois M.

2006-01-01

Since 1996, when the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) restricted ground-water withdrawals from the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the southern New Jersey Coastal Plain as a result of excessive drawdown, Coastal Plain communities have been interested in developing alternate sources of water supply for their residents. The use of ground water from areas near the updip parts of the overlying confined aquifers where withdrawals are not restricted is being considered to meet the demand for drinking water. Concerns have arisen, however, regarding the potential effects of increased withdrawals from these areas on ground-water flow to streams and wetlands as well as to the deeper, confined parts of the aquifers. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NJDEP, conducted a study to investigate the sources of water to currently inactive wells in the updip part of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer in Gloucester and Camden Counties, New Jersey. Of particular interest is whether the primary source of the increased withdrawals is likely to be the aquifer outcrop or the downdip, confined part of the aquifer. The outcrop of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer covers nearly 8 mi2 (square miles), or about 46 percent of Deptford Township's 17.56-mi2 area. The Deptford Township Municipal Utilities Authority owns six currently (2005) inactive wells in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer at the southeastern boundary of Deptford Township, 1.25 mi (miles) from the outcrop. For the purposes of this study, an existing ground-water-flow model of the New Jersey Coastal Plain aquifers was used to simulate ground-water-flow conditions in Gloucester and Camden Counties in 1998. Two alternative withdrawal scenarios were superimposed on the results of the 1998 simulation. In the first (the 'full-allocation' scenario), full-allocation withdrawal rates established by the NJDEP were applied to 45 existing wells in the Deptford Township area. In the second (the 'additional-withdrawal' scenario), the full-allocation scenario was modified by adding an additional withdrawal of 1.62 million gallons per day from the six inactive Deptford Township withdrawal wells. Simulated drawdown for the full-allocation scenario is zero to near zero in Deptford Township. Changes are greatest downdip from Deptford Township, where a broad area of 5- to 10-ft (feet) drawdowns is simulated; maximum drawdown at the center of the cone of depression is 20 ft. Water levels declined as much as 10 ft around individual wells whose current withdrawals are only a small percentage of their allotted allocation. Simulated drawdown for the additional-withdrawal scenario exceeds 40 ft and is centered around the six inactive Deptford Township withdrawal wells. The area in which the simulated drawdown is 5 ft extends approximately 3.75 mi downdip from the wells and 2 mi updip, into the outcrop. Water budgets based on the simulation results for the full-allocation and additional-withdrawal scenarios were calculated and compared, with particular focus on a 75-mi2 area in and around Deptford Township that includes the outcrop of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and part of the area downdip from the outcrop (budget zone 2). The comparison of the two water budgets for zone 2 shows that 46 percent of the withdrawals from the six inactive Deptford Township wells would result from reduced stream base flow in the outcrop of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer and 35 percent would result from increased downward flow from the overlying Vincentown aquifer. Four percent would result from increased flow from the downdip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, 5 percent would result from decreased flow to the downdip areas of the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer, and 5 percent would result from decreased flow to the underlying Englishtown aquifer system. The remaining 4 percent was attributed to decreased upward flow to the overlying Vincentown aquifer.

Associations Between Resilience, Community Belonging, and Social Participation Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the Eastern Townships Population Health Survey.

PubMed

Levasseur, Mélanie; Roy, Mathieu; Michallet, Bernard; St-Hilaire, France; Maltais, Danielle; Généreux, Mélissa

2017-12-01

To examine the associations between resilience, community belonging, and social participation, and the moderating effect of resilience on the association between community belonging and social participation among community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional; secondary analyses of the Eastern Townships Population Health Survey. Community. A sample (N=4541) of women (n=2485) and men (n=2056) aged ≥60 years was randomly selected according to area. Most participants had <14 years of schooling, owned their dwelling, were retired, had 1 or 2 chronic conditions, and did not have depressive symptoms. Not applicable. Self-reported data on age, education, depressive symptoms, social participation, community belonging, and resilience were collected by phone interviewer-administered questionnaire. A social participation scale measured frequency of participation in 8 community activities. A 4-point Likert scale ranging from "very strong" to "very weak" estimated sense of belonging to the local community. Social participation and sense of belonging questions came from Statistics Canada surveys. Resilience was assessed with the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, capturing the ability to cope with adversity. Controlling for age, education, and psychological distress, greater resilience and community belonging were associated with greater social participation among women (R 2 =.13; P<.001) and men (R 2 =.09; P<.001). The association between community belonging and social participation varied as a function of resilience, especially in men. Greater community belonging further enhanced social participation, especially among women (P=.03) and men (P<.01) with greater resilience (moderator effect). Resilience moderates the association between community belonging and social participation among community-dwelling older women and, especially, men. Interventions targeting social participation should consider the potential impact of resilience on improving community belonging. Future studies should investigate why resilience moderates associations between community belonging and social participation, and how to enhance resilience among older adults. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Distribution and Regulation of Meloidogyne nataliei.

PubMed

Bird, G; Diamond, C; Warner, F; Davenport, J

1994-12-01

Between 1978 and 1990, eight surveys were conducted in southwest Michigan to document the occurrence of Meloidogyne nataliei, the Michigan grape root-knot nematode. The known distribution of M. nataliei is limited to a total of six sections in Antwerp and Porter Townships in Van Buren County, Michigan. In 1984, a M. nataliei regulatory program was initiated by the Michigan Department of Agriculture, U. S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Michigan State University. The program was designed to reduce risk of damage associated with this nematode.

Red Oak Research and Demonstration Area in Phelps Township, North Bay, Ontario-2004 to 2005

Treesearch

Dave Deugo; Andrée Morneault; Dianne Othmer; Megan Smith; Al Stinson; Murray Woods; Ian Kovacs; Ian Aho; Bill Parker; Rob Baker; Marinus Verwey; Guylaine Thauvette; Don Willis; Jeff Dech

2006-01-01

In July 2004, a large stand of red oak (Quercus rubra) was harvested in Phelps Township, North Bay District, North Bay, Ontario using the uniform shelterwood system. Most of the stand was harvested to retain 40 percent crown closure, while a very small portion was harvested to retain 70 percent crown closure. During tree marking, an active Northern...

Reasons for the Slow Completion of Masters and Doctoral Degrees by Adult Learners in a South African Township

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Motseke, Masilonyana

2016-01-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the reasons why adult learners took longer than required to complete their Master's and Doctoral degrees. A questionnaire and focus group interviews were used to collect data. Twenty adult learners who registered for the Master's and Doctoral degrees at one township campus of a university were targeted, and…

What's the Use of School when We're All Poor and Dying Young?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Reva

2003-01-01

The young people quoted in this paper attend two high schools in Umlazi Township, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Poverty is rife in the area: some students are known to go five days at a stretch without food. Parts of the vast, sprawling township are notorious for shootings and violent crime. The rape of schoolgirls on their way to and from school…

Effects of Enhanced Laboratory Instructional Technique on Senior Secondary Students' Attitude toward Chemistry in Oyo Township, Oyo State, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adesoji, Francis Adewumi; Raimi, Sikiru Morakinyo

2004-01-01

The study examined the effect of supplementing laboratory instruction with problem solving strategy and or practical skills teaching on students' attitude toward chemistry. A total of 286 senior secondary class II students (145 males and 141 females) drawn from four local government areas in Oyo township in Oyo state, Nigeria, took part in the…

Factors Contributing to the Resilience of Middle-Adolescents in a South African Township: Insights from a Resilience Questionnaire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mampane, Motlalepule Ruth

2014-01-01

Factors that contribute to resilience are key to the positive development of youths, and knowledge of such factors is essential for promoting resilience in schools through both policy and practice. This study reports on the results of an item and factor analysis of the Resilience Questionnaire for Middle-adolescents in Township Schools (R-MATS)…

On the Use of Spreadsheet Algebra Programs in the Professional Development of Teachers from Selected Township High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gierdien, M. Faaiz

2014-01-01

This paper reports on the initial stages of a small-scale project involving the use of "spreadsheet algebra programs" in the professional development of eight teachers from three township high schools. In terms of the education context, the paper draws on social practice theory. It then details what is meant by spreadsheet algebra. An…

The Effectiveness of a Conceptually Focused Out-of-Class Intervention on Promoting Learning of Electricity by Township Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stott, Angela Elisabeth

2017-01-01

In this article I report a study into the effectiveness of a 6 week intervention aimed at promoting learning of electricity concepts by 91 Grade 8 and 9 township learners. Each week I taught these learners for an hour and they engaged with educational software for another hour. Analogy usage and predict-explain-observe-explain pedagogy were…

Identifying Some Factors That Might Predispose Drug Abuse among Learners in a South African Township School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grobler, R.; Khatite, M.

2012-01-01

This study inquires into some of the factors that might predispose the use and abuse of drugs among secondary school learners in a township school. The objective of this research is to identify these factors and to offer a few suggestions on how the abuse may be prevented. A quantitative research strategy is used and a document analysis technique…

Water resources of Oley Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paulachok, G.N.; Wood, C.R.

1988-01-01

Oley Township covers an area of 24 square miles, about half of which is underlain by highly permeable carbonate rocks. Nondomestic wells in these rocks typically have yields of 200 gallons per minute, and some wells yield more than 1,000 gallons per minute. Ground-water yield for Oley Township is about 0.5 million gallons per day per square mile. Thus, about 12 million gallons per day could be pumped from wells on a sustained basis. However, pumping this amount would adversely affect streamflow. A series of discharge measurements on Manatawny Creek in January 1983 showed that the creek was gaining approximately 12 cubic feet per second where it crosses the more- permeable carbonate rocks. Thus, the streams are directly connected to these aquifers. The northern and western parts of the township are mostly underlain by shale, quartzite, granite, gneiss, and carbonate rocks of low permeability, and some wells do not yield enough water for domestic supplies. A water-table map shows that two active quarries in low-permeability rocks have had little effect on the hydrologic system. Specific yields are about 4.5 percent for the carbonate rocks; 5 percent for quartzite, granite, and gneiss; 1 percent for the noncarbonate sedimentary rocks; and 1.5 percent for the Jacksonburg Limestone, which consists of argillaceous limestone. In 1982--a year of average precipitation--the ground-water contribution to total streamflow ranged from 56 to 88 percent. Basins with the highest percentage of carbonate rock contribute the largest amount of ground water to streamflow. Evapotranspiration averaged about 26 inches in 1982. Water loss was 32 inches in the Limekiln Creek basin; this suggests that about 6 inches of precipitation bypassed the Limekiln Creek gaging station as ground-water underflow. The most serious water-quality problems are excessive nitrate concentrations and bacterial contamination. Water from 3 of 19 wells in carbonate rocks had nitrate concentrations in excess of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter. Water from 5 of the 19 wells had fecal streptococci counts of more than 20 colonies per 100 milliliters. Although most agencies concerned with the protection of public health have not set limits for fecal streptococci, they are pathogenic, and their presence in drinking water is undesirable.

Surface seismic measurements of the Project GASBUGGY explosion at intermediate distance ranges

USGS Publications Warehouse

Warren, David H.; Jackson, W.H.

1968-01-01

Project GASBUGGY was an experiment performed by the Atomic Energy Commission, the El Paso Natural Gas Company, and the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, to determine the effectiveness of a method for increasing the recovery of natural gas by large-scale fracturing of a gas-bearing formation with an underground nuclear explosion. The Project GASBUGGY nuclear explosive of 26 kilotons design yield was detonated on Sunday, December 10, 1967, at 1230:00 Mountain Standard Time. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory reported that the explosive was emplaced at 4240 ft below the ground surface, 1770 ft from the west line and 1218 ft from the south line in Section 36 of Township 29 North, Range 4 West, in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, about 55 air miles east of the city of Farmington, New Mexico. The geodetic coordinates are: Latitude 36?40'40.4" North, and Longitude 107?12'30.3" West. The elevation of surface ground zero was 7204 ft above Mean Sea Level. The detonation occurred in the Lewis shale about 40 ft below its contact with the gas-bearing Pictured Cliffs sandstone. Early indications are that the explosive performed satisfactorily. This document is submitted as a preliminary data report. Additional analyses of the data will be prepared at a later time.

Geographic Variation in Cancer Incidence among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan (1995–2009)

PubMed Central

Hung, Giun-Yi; Horng, Jiun-Lin; Yen, Hsiu-Ju; Lee, Chih-Ying; Lee, Yu-Sheng

2015-01-01

Background Evidence from our recent study suggested that the overall trend for cancer incidence in children and adolescents has been increasing in Taiwan. Methods To analyze geographic variations in this trend, cancer frequencies and incidence rates of disease groups were quantified according to geographic areas among 12,633 patients aged <20 years during 1995–2009 by using the population-based Taiwan Cancer Registry. Three geographic levels were defined, namely county or city, region (Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern Taiwan), and local administrative area (special municipality, provincial city, county-administered city, township, and aboriginal area). Results Of the regions, Northern Taiwan had the highest incidence rate at 139.6 per million person-years, followed by Central (132.8), Southern (131.8), and Eastern (128.4) Taiwan. Significantly higher standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were observed in Northern Taiwan (SRR = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.10) and at the township level (SRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.11). Of the cities or counties, New Taipei City yielded the highest SRR (1.08), followed by Taipei City (SRR = 1.07). A comparison of the rates in the four regions and the remainder of Taiwan according to cancer type revealed that only the rate of neuroblastomas in Eastern Taiwan was significantly low. Trend analysis showed that the most significant increase in incidence rate was observed at the township level, with an annual percent change of 1.8% during the 15-year study period. Conclusions The high rate of childhood cancer in Northern Taiwan and at the township level deserves further attention. The potential impacts of environmental factors on the upward trend of childhood cancer incidence rate in townships warrant further investigation. PMID:26192415

Geographic Variation in Cancer Incidence among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan (1995-2009).

PubMed

Hung, Giun-Yi; Horng, Jiun-Lin; Yen, Hsiu-Ju; Lee, Chih-Ying; Lee, Yu-Sheng

2015-01-01

Evidence from our recent study suggested that the overall trend for cancer incidence in children and adolescents has been increasing in Taiwan. To analyze geographic variations in this trend, cancer frequencies and incidence rates of disease groups were quantified according to geographic areas among 12,633 patients aged <20 years during 1995-2009 by using the population-based Taiwan Cancer Registry. Three geographic levels were defined, namely county or city, region (Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern Taiwan), and local administrative area (special municipality, provincial city, county-administered city, township, and aboriginal area). Of the regions, Northern Taiwan had the highest incidence rate at 139.6 per million person-years, followed by Central (132.8), Southern (131.8), and Eastern (128.4) Taiwan. Significantly higher standardized rate ratios (SRRs) were observed in Northern Taiwan (SRR = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.10) and at the township level (SRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03-1.11). Of the cities or counties, New Taipei City yielded the highest SRR (1.08), followed by Taipei City (SRR = 1.07). A comparison of the rates in the four regions and the remainder of Taiwan according to cancer type revealed that only the rate of neuroblastomas in Eastern Taiwan was significantly low. Trend analysis showed that the most significant increase in incidence rate was observed at the township level, with an annual percent change of 1.8% during the 15-year study period. The high rate of childhood cancer in Northern Taiwan and at the township level deserves further attention. The potential impacts of environmental factors on the upward trend of childhood cancer incidence rate in townships warrant further investigation.

Factors that influence the choice to work in rural township health centers among 4,669 clinical medical students from five medical universities in Guangxi, China.

PubMed

Qing, Yunbo; Hu, Guijie; Chen, Qingyun; Peng, Hailun; Li, Kailan; Wei, Jinling; Yi, Yanhua

2015-01-01

To produce competent undergraduate-level medical doctors for rural township health centers (THCs), the Chinese government mandated that medical colleges in Central and Western China recruit rural-oriented, tuition-waived medical students (RTMSs) starting in 2010. This study aimed to identify and assess factors that influence the choice to work in rural township health centers among both RTMSs and other students from five medical universities in Guangxi, China. An internet-based self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted with medical students in Guangxi province. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors related to the attitudes toward work in a rural township health center. Among 4,669 medical students, 1,523 (33%) had a positive attitude and 2,574 (55%) had a neutral attitude toward working in THCs. Demographic characteristics, personal job concerns, and knowledge of THCs were associated with the choice of a career in THCs. The factors related to a positive attitude included the following: three-year program, a rural-oriented medical program, being male, an expectation of working in a county or township, a focus on medical career development, some perceived difficulty of getting a job, having family support, sufficient knowledge of THCs, optimism toward THC development, seeking lower working pressure, and a lower expected monthly salary. Male students in a three-year program or a rural-oriented tuition-waived medical education program were more likely to work in THCs. Selecting medical students through interviews to identify their family support and intentions to work in THCs would increase recruitment and retention. Establishing favorable policies and financial incentives to improve living conditions and the social status of rural physicians is necessary.

(Re)visualizing Black lesbian lives, (trans)masculinity, and township space in the documentary work of Zanele Muholi.

PubMed

Imma, Z'étoile

2017-04-03

This article explores the politics of representing Black queer and trans subjectivities in the recent documentary film and photography of South African lesbian visual activist Zanele Muholi. While Muholi's work has been most often been positioned as an artistic response to the hate-crimes and violence perpetuated against Black lesbians in South African townships, most notably acts of sexual violence known increasingly as corrective rape, I argue that Muholi's documentary texts trouble the spatial, gendered, and highly racialized articulations that make up an increasingly global corrective rape discourse. The article considers how her visual texts foreground and (re)visualize Black queer and trans gender experiences that relocate, challenge, collaborate with, and at times, perform, masculinity as means to subvert heterosexist and racist constructions of township space and the Black gendered body.

A rural mail-carrier index of North Dakota red foxes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Allen, S.H.; Sargeant, A.B.

1975-01-01

Rural mail-carrier sightings of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) during mid-April, -July, and -September of 1969-73 were compared to spring fox family estimates derived by aerial searches of six townships. The mid-April mail-carrier index reflected annual fox density changes on the six townships (correlation coefficient = 0.958) . Random exclusions of individual mail-carrier reports indicated participation could decline 40 percent without affecting index accuracy.

Career Guidance Lesson Plans for Grades K-12. Developed as Part of New Jersey Comprehensive Career Development Guidelines Program in Neptune Township Public Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neptune Township Public Schools, NJ.

This document contains the career development scope and sequence and 39 lesson plans for career guidance activities, for grades K-5, 6-8, and 9-12, developed for use in the Neptune Township Public Schools (New Jersey). Each one-to-two-page lesson plan includes information on subject area, competency, indicators, lesson objectives, resources, time…

Trace-metal leaching from plumbing materials exposed to acidic ground water in three areas of the coastal plain of New Jersey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kish, G.R.; Macy, J.A.; Mueller, R.T.

1987-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey analyzed trace metal concentrations in tap water from domestic wells in newly constructed homes in Berkeley Township, Ocean County and Galloway Township, Atlantic County, N. J. The potable water distribution systems in all of the homes sampled are constructed primarily of copper with lead-based solder points. Home water treatment is used in Berkeley Township but not in Galloway Township. Tap water was collected after the water had been standing in the pipes overnight. In Berkeley, 6 to 11 samples exceeded both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's primary drinking water regulation (DWR) for lead (50 microgram/L) and the secondary drinking water regulation (SDWR) for copper (1,000 microgram/L). In Galloway, 12 of 14 samples exceeded the DWR for lead and 13 of 14 exceeded the SDWR for copper. After collecting the standing-water samples, the water was left running for 15 minutes and a second sample was collected. None of the running-water samples exceeded the regulations for lead or copper. Available data suggest a correlation between the residence time of soft, acidic groundwater in new home plumbing systems and elevated trace-metal concentrations in drinking water derived from domestic wells within the New Jersey Coastal Plain. (USGS)

Association of arsenic-contaminated drinking-water with prevalence of skin cancer in Wisconsin's Fox River Valley.

PubMed

Knobeloch, Lynda M; Zierold, Kristina M; Anderson, Henry A

2006-06-01

During July 2000-January 2002, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health conducted a study in 19 rural townships. A high percentage of private drinking-water wells in these townships contained traces of arsenic. Residents were asked to collect well-water samples and complete a questionnaire regarding residential history, consumption of drinking-water, and family health. In total, 2,233 household wells were tested, and 6,669 residents, aged less than one year to 100 years, provided information on water consumption and health. The well-water arsenic levels ranged from less than 1.0 to 3,100 microg/L. The median arsenic level was 2.0 microg/L. The arsenic levels were below the federal drinking-water standard of 10 microg/L in 80% of the wells, while 11% had an arsenic level of above 20 microg/L. Of residents aged over 35 years, those who had consumed arsenic-contaminated water for at least 10 years were significantly more likely to report a history of skin cancer than others. Tobacco use was also associated with higher rates of skin cancer and appeared to synergize the effect of arsenic on the development of skin cancer.

Relationship between receipt of substitutable for-fee vaccines and completion of the expanded programme on immunisation: a cross-sectional study in Fujian, China

PubMed Central

Li, Da-Jin; Zhou, Yong; Du, Mei-Rong; Piao, Hai-Lan

2017-01-01

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between receipt of the substitutable-for-fee vaccines (SFV) and completion of the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI). Design and settings A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fujian province, China. Participants Children who were born from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2011, and who had been residing in the township for at least 3 months, were randomly recruited from 34 townships. Main outcomes measures Outcomes were completion rate of the EPI and coverage rate of the SFV. Results The study included 1428 children, of whom 1350 (94.5%) finished the EPI and 282 (19.7%) received at least one dose of the SFV. Administration of the SFV was associated with an increased likelihood of completing the EPI (OR=3.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 7.6 in the total sample and OR=4.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.6 in the subsample of children in regions with the SFV accessibility). The impact of the SFV administration on completion of the EPI was larger among children whose parents have junior school education or less (97.8% and 97.9% vs 92.5% and 91.9%, both p<0.001) and among those with a timely hepatitis B vaccine first dose (98.5% vs 94.0%, p<0.001). Conclusions Receipt of SFV is associated with increased likelihood of completion of the EPI in Fujian, China. PMID:28729316

Comparison of Primary Care Experiences in Village Clinics with Different Ownership Models in Guangdong Province, China

PubMed Central

Feng, Shanshan; Shi, Leiyu; Zeng, Jiazhi; Chen, Wen; Ling, Li

2017-01-01

Objectives In order to improve the quality of services at village clinics (VCs), which are important primary care service providers in rural China, the Chinese government has encouraged the township hospitals to own and manage VCs. There are currently three models of ownership and management of VCs: township hospital-owned and -managed (HVC), village committee-owned and -managed (VVC), and private-owned and -managed (PVC). This study aims to examine the association between these ownership models of VCs and patients' primary care experiences. Methods Villagers were selected by multistage stratified sampling and their experiences with primary care were measured using the Primary Care Assessment Tool—Adult Edition (PCAT-AS). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and the questionnaires administered by investigators in the cross-sectional study from February to April 2015. The PCAT scores were compared among the three models by covariance analysis, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors associated with the PCAT total scores. Results A total of 1491 questionnaires were collected. After controlling for covariates, HVCs reported the highest PCAT scores and satisfaction rate. In terms of the domains, HVC reported the highest scores in the coordination and comprehensiveness domains, while PVC had the highest scores in the first contact-accessibility domain. Multivariate linear regression showed that HVC, married participants, aged 60 and older, satisfied with the services, receiving six or more visits, and those with medical expenditures over 20% of their total family expenditures, were also positively associated with better primary care quality. Conclusions This study demonstrates that villagers receiving medical care at HVCs perceived better primary care than those at PVCs and VVCs. In order to improve the quality of primary care at VCs, it is necessary to increase government subsidies for public service packages, tighten the township hospital's supervision of PVCs and VVCs, and develop performance-based incentive plans to motivate improvements in the accessibility of HVCs. PMID:28056038

Organizational barriers associated with the implementation of national essential medicines policy: A cross-sectional study of township hospitals in China.

PubMed

Yang, Lianping; Liu, Chaojie; Ferrier, J Adamm; Zhang, Xinping

2015-11-01

This study identifies potential organizational barriers associated with the implementation of the Chinese National Essential Medicines Policy (NEMP) in rural primary health care institutions. We used a multistage sampling strategy to select 90 township hospitals from six provinces, two from each of eastern, middle, and western China. Data relating to eight core NEMP indicators and institutional characteristics were collected from January to September 2011, using a questionnaire. Prescription-associated indicators were calculated from 9000 outpatient prescriptions selected at random. We categorized the eight NEMP indicators using an exploratory factor analysis, and performed linear regressions to determine the association between the factor scores and institution-level characteristics. The results identified three main factors. Overall, low levels of expenditure of medicines (F1) and poor performance in rational use of medicines (F2) were evident. The availability of medicines (F3) varied significantly across both hospitals and regions. Factor scores had no significant relationship with hospital size (in terms of number of beds and health workers); however, they were associated with revenue and structure of the hospital, patient service load, and support for health workers. Regression analyses showed that public finance per health worker was negatively associated with the availability of medicines (p < 0.05), remuneration of prescribers was positively associated with higher performance in the rational use of medicines (p < 0.05), and drug sales were negatively associated with higher levels of drug expenditure (p < 0.01). In conclusion, irrational use of medicines remains a serious issue, although the financial barriers for gaining access to essential medicines may be less for prescribers and consumers. Limited public finance from local governments may reduce medicine stock lines of township hospitals and lead them to seek alternative sources of income, jeopardizing their capacity to meet the needs of local consumers. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Problems That the Classroom Teachers Working in Villages and County Towns Confront in Educational Inspection and Their Opinions Concerning the Effect of These Problems on Their Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erdem, Ali Riza; Yaprak, Meral

2013-01-01

The purpose of this research is to establish that the problems of education supervision of the class teachers working in the village and township centre in Denizli and their opinions about these problems affect their performance. 321 class teachers working in official primary schools in townships of Denizli and 272 class teachers working in…

Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in East Nottingham and West Nottingham Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April through June 2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hale, Lindsay B.

2006-01-01

The maps shows the potentiometric surface for an area along the western boundary of Chester County that includes parts of East Nottingham and West Nottingham Townships.  The study area is mostly uderlain by metamorphic rocks of the Peters Creek Schist and Wissahickon Formation(Sloto, 1994).  Ground water is obtained from these bedrock formations by wells that intercept fractures.

Cholera: a comparison of the 2008-9 and 2010 Outbreaks in Kadoma City, Zimbabwe

PubMed Central

Maponga, Brian Abel; Chirundu, Daniel; Gombe, Notion Tafara; Tshimanga, Mufuta; Bangure, Donewell; Takundwa, Lucia

2015-01-01

Introduction Kadoma City experienced cholera outbreaks in 2008-9, and 2010, affecting 6,393 and 123 people, respectively. A study was conducted to compare epidemiology of the cholera outbreaks. Methods A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted, analyzing line list data for the 2 outbreaks. Proportions, means were generated and compared using the Chi Square test at 5% level of significance. Results Cholera cases were similar by gender and age, with the 20-30 years group being most affected. Rimuka township contributed 80% and 100% of city cases in 2008-9 and 2010, respectively, p value = 0.000. In 2008-9, 91% of cholera cases presented within 2 days compared to 98% in 2010. Delay seeking treatment increased from 58% to 73% (p value = 0.001), with gender, and place equally affected. The 2010 outbreak evolved faster, resulting in higher proportion being managed in CTU. CFR was 2% in 2008-9, and 3.3% in 2010 (p value =0.31). Conclusion The 2008-9 and 2010 cholera outbreaks were similar by age and gender. Rimuka Township was most affected by the outbreaks. There was worsening of delay seeking treatment. The 2010 outbreak was more rapid, leading to early opening of CTC. CFR was consistently above 1%. PMID:26113952

Ground-water levels in Huron County, Michigan, 2004-05

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weaver, T.L.; Crowley, S.L.; Blumer, S.P.

2006-01-01

In 1990, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed a study of the hydrogeology of Huron County, Michigan (Sweat, 1991). In 1993, Huron County and the USGS entered into a continuing agreement to measure water levels at selected wells throughout Huron County. As part of the agreement, USGS has operated four continuous water-level recorders, installed from 1988 to 1991 on wells in Bingham, Fairhaven, Grant, and Lake Townships (fig. 1) and summarized the data collected in an annual or bi-annual report. The agreement was altered in 2003, and beginning January 1, 2004, only the wells in Fairhaven and Lake Townships retained continuous waterlevel recorders, while the wells in Grant and Bingham Townships reverted primarily to periodic or quarterly measurement status. USGS also has provided training for County or Huron Conservation District personnel to measure the water level, on a quarterly basis, in 25 wells. USGS personnel regularly accompany County or Huron Conservation District personnel to provide a quality assurance/quality control check of all measurements being made. Water-level data collected from the 25 periodically or quarterly-measured wells is summarized in an annual or bi-annual report. In 1998, the USGS also completed a temporal and spatial analysis of the monitoring well network in Huron County (Holtschlag and Sweat, 1998). The altitude of Lake Huron and precipitation are good indicators of general climatic conditions and, therefore, provide an environmental context for ground-water levels in Huron County. Figure 2 shows the mean-monthly water-level altitude of Lake Huron, averaged from measurements made by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at sites near Essexville or Harbor Beach, or both (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05), and monthly precipitation measured in Bad Axe (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2003-05). In March 2003, a new low-water level for the period from 1991 through 2005 was measured in Lake Huron. There was almost no net change in the water level of Lake Huron from January 2004 through December 2005. In 2004, annual precipitation measured in Port Hope was about 3.7 inches above normal, but precipitation measured in Bad Axe was about 1.4 inches below normal. About 14.5 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2004 summer growing season (May through August), which is about the same as was measured in Port Hope during the same period. Provisional precipitation totals for 2005 were 30.7 inches for January through November in Port Hope, and about 31.7 inches for the year in Bad Axe. About 10.6 inches of precipitation was measured in Bad Axe during the 2005 summer growing season, which is about 0.2 inches more than was recorded at Port Hope during the same period. Two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders are completed in the Saginaw and Marshall aquifers in Fairhaven and Lake Townships, respectively. From January 2004 through December 2005, the net rise in the water level in the Fairhaven Township well was 0.71 ft, and the net rise in the Lake Township well was 0.98 ft. The Fairhaven Township well is drilled adjacent to Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron), and, as previously noted, there was almost no net change in the water level in Saginaw Bay over the same period. Hydrographs showing water levels are presented for the two wells equipped with continuous-data recorders. Continuous-data recorders were discontinued in the Grant and Bingham Township wells at the end of 2003 due to budget constraints. The decision of which two wells to discontinue was based on an analysis of the intrinsic value to Huron County of data from each well. The Grant Township well was selected for periodic or quarterly measurement at that time because it is completed in the glacial aquifer, which is little used for drinking water purposes or absent in much of Huron County. The Bingham Township well, which is completed in the Marshall aquifer, was selected for

An Analysis of the New Jersey Public School District School Bond Referendum Process: A Historical Case Study of the Egg Harbor Township School District Bond Referendum of 2004-05

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Werner, Michael J.

2012-01-01

This dissertation presents a historical case study of the Egg Harbor Township School District bond referendum that passed with an exceptionally high 92 percent of votes in January 2005. The methodology used in this study resulted in both an examination of the components of the New Jersey Public School District bond referendum process as well as an…

What Are the Best and Worst Times in the Lives of South African Township Dwellers? A Content Analysis of the Self-Defined End-Anchors for Bernheim's ACSA Scale of Subjective Well-Being

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moller, V.; Theuns, P.

2013-01-01

Bernheim's ACSA, a less conventional measure of subjective well-being originally developed for use in a clinical setting, was applied to a sample of black South African township dwellers (n = 1,020) in the Eastern Cape Province. The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment is an experiential self-anchoring scale with concrete anchors (Bernheim in…

A Paradox of Town Spatial Development: The Growing Real Estate and Shrinking Town - a Case Study of Hsinchu County, Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hung, Chi-Tung; Chuang, Mo-Hsiung; Lin, Wen-Yen

2017-04-01

The key factors of many discussions on shrinking towns are focusing at decreasing population and declining industries. Our study, using Hsinchu County as an example, has found that part of the county (Guanxi township) is following a typical and traditional town development pattern, while somewhere else of this county (Zhubei township) shows rapid growth in real estate but with a high vacancy rate. Even though the distance between Guanxi and Zhubei is less than 20 kilometers, the spatial development phenomenon of the two townships are both "shrinking" in the same county but very different in their developing paths. This study used GIS to overlay the maps from field survey and archive data, such as real estate prices of different years, environmental hazards and disaster records, local area power consumptions, and vulnerable population data, to clarify the causes and systems behind the shrinking phenomena of the two townships and to construct a theory of "shrinking town" in Taiwan. The contribution of this study is the findings of the tangling relations of the vulnerability from land-enclosure policy, the system design of local industrial development and urban planning, and structural factors of environmental hazards. Note: This study is part of the results from the Ministry of Science and Technology funding project (MOST 105-2621-M-120-002) KEYWORDS: shrinking town, environmental hazards, urban planning, spatial disasters, real estate development

Tuberculosis detection and the challenges of integrated care in rural China: A cross-sectional standardized patient study.

PubMed

Sylvia, Sean; Xue, Hao; Zhou, Chengchao; Shi, Yaojiang; Yi, Hongmei; Zhou, Huan; Rozelle, Scott; Pai, Madhukar; Das, Jishnu

2017-10-01

Despite recent reductions in prevalence, China still faces a substantial tuberculosis (TB) burden, with future progress dependent on the ability of rural providers to appropriately detect and refer TB patients for further care. This study (a) provides a baseline assessment of the ability of rural providers to correctly manage presumptive TB cases; (b) measures the gap between provider knowledge and practice and; (c) evaluates how ongoing reforms of China's health system-characterized by a movement toward "integrated care" and promotion of initial contact with grassroots providers-will affect the care of TB patients. Unannounced standardized patients (SPs) presenting with classic pulmonary TB symptoms were deployed in 3 provinces of China in July 2015. The SPs successfully completed 274 interactions across all 3 tiers of China's rural health system, interacting with providers in 46 village clinics, 207 township health centers, and 21 county hospitals. Interactions between providers and standardized patients were assessed against international and national standards of TB care. Using a lenient definition of correct management as at least a referral, chest X-ray or sputum test, 41% (111 of 274) SPs were correctly managed. Although there were no cases of empirical anti-TB treatment, antibiotics unrelated to the treatment of TB were prescribed in 168 of 274 interactions or 61.3% (95% CI: 55%-67%). Correct management proportions significantly higher at county hospitals compared to township health centers (OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.25, p < 0.001) and village clinics (OR 0.02, 95% CI: 0.0-0.17, p < 0.001). Correct management in tests of knowledge administered to the same 274 physicians for the same case was 45 percentage points (95% CI: 37%-53%) higher with 24 percentage points (95% CI: -33% to -15%) fewer antibiotic prescriptions. Relative to the current system, where patients can choose to bypass any level of care, simulations suggest that a system of managed referral with gatekeeping at the level of village clinics would reduce proportions of correct management from 41% to 16%, while gatekeeping at the level of the township hospital would retain correct management close to current levels at 37%. The main limitations of the study are 2-fold. First, we evaluate the management of a one-time new patient presenting with presumptive TB, which may not reflect how providers manage repeat patients or more complicated TB presentations. Second, simulations under alternate policies require behavioral and statistical assumptions that should be addressed in future applications of this method. There were significant quality deficits among village clinics and township health centers in the management of a classic case of presumptive TB, with higher proportions of correct case management in county hospitals. Poor clinical performance does not arise only from a lack of knowledge, a phenomenon known as the "know-do" gap. Given significant deficits in quality of care, reforms encouraging first contact with lower tiers of the health system can improve efficiency only with concomitant improvements in appropriate management of presumptive TB patients in village clinics and township health centers.

Unmet needs in health training among nurses in rural Chinese township health centers: a cross-sectional hospital-based study.

PubMed

Mo, Yan; Hu, Guijie; Yi, Yanhua; Ying, Yanping; Huang, Huiqiao; Huang, Zhongxian; Lin, Jiafeng

2017-01-01

Maintaining a sufficient and competent rural nursing workforce is an important goal of the Chinese health delivery system. However, few studies have investigated the health training status or conducted a needs assessment of rural Chinese nurses during this time of great transformations in health policy. This study was conducted to explore the current health training status of nurses working in rural Chinese township health centers (THCs) and to ascertain their perceived needs. A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire was conducted among 240 THC nurses in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China from March 2014 to August 2014. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the Second Chinese Survey of Demographic Data and Training Demand for Health Professionals in THCs developed by the Ministry of Education. The nurses in THCs were young, with a low educational level. Their perceived needs for health training included further clinical studies at city-level hospitals to improve their skills and theoretical studies at medical universities in emergency medicine and general practice. Overall, 71.9% of the nurses with a secondary technical school background expected to pursue junior college studies, and 68.5% of the nurses with a junior college education expected to pursue a bachelor's degree. A decentralized program with theoretical studies at medical universities and practical studies at county hospitals was regarded as feasible by 66.9% of the respondents. Health-training programs for nurses in Chinese THCs must be improved in terms of coverage, delivery mode, and content. A decentralized degree-linked training program in which medical universities and city hospitals collaborate would be an appropriate mode of delivery.

Relationship between receipt of substitutable for-fee vaccines and completion of the expanded programme on immunisation: a cross-sectional study in Fujian, China.

PubMed

Wu, Jiang-Nan; Li, Da-Jin; Zhou, Yong; Du, Mei-Rong; Piao, Hai-Lan

2017-07-20

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between receipt of the substitutable-for-fee vaccines (SFV) and completion of the expanded programme on immunisation (EPI). A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fujian province, China. Children who were born from 1 September 2009 to 31 August 2011, and who had been residing in the township for at least 3 months, were randomly recruited from 34 townships. Outcomes were completion rate of the EPI and coverage rate of the SFV. The study included 1428 children, of whom 1350 (94.5%) finished the EPI and 282 (19.7%) received at least one dose of the SFV. Administration of the SFV was associated with an increased likelihood of completing the EPI (OR=3.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 7.6 in the total sample and OR=4.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.6 in the subsample of children in regions with the SFV accessibility). The impact of the SFV administration on completion of the EPI was larger among children whose parents have junior school education or less (97.8% and 97.9% vs 92.5% and 91.9%, both p<0.001) and among those with a timely hepatitis B vaccine first dose (98.5% vs 94.0%, p<0.001). Receipt of SFV is associated with increased likelihood of completion of the EPI in Fujian, China. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Interpretation of Borehole Geophysical Logs at Area C, Former Naval Air Warfare Center, Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sloto, Ronald A.

2008-01-01

This study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Navy at Area C of the former Naval Air Warfare Center in Warminster Township, Bucks County, Pa., in support of hydrogeological investigations conducted by the Navy to address ground-water contamination in the Stockton Formation. Borehole geophysical logs were collected, heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were made, and borehole television surveys were run in seven boreholes ranging from 31 to 75 feet deep. Caliper logs and borehole television surveys were used to identify fractures and the location of possible water-bearing zones. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to identify fractures that were water-bearing zones. Natural-gamma and single-point-resistance logs were used to correlate lithology across the area. Elevated concentrations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were measured in water samples from wells with water-bearing zones in the interval of the aquifer where monitor well HN-23A is screened. Water samples from wells with water-bearing zones above or below this interval had substantially lower concentrations of PCE. Wells screened in this interval yielded less than 0.5 gallon per minute, indicating that the interval has low permeability; this may account for the small areal extent and slow migration of PCE.

The Influence of Professional Identity, Job Satisfaction, and Work Engagement on Turnover Intention among Township Health Inspectors in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenjie; Meng, Hongdao; Yang, Shujuan; Liu, Danping

2018-05-14

Health inspectors are part of the public health workforce in China, and its shortage has been identified as an urgent priority that should be addressed. Turnover is one of the main contributors to the shortage problem. This research assessed the influence of professional identity, job satisfaction and work engagement on turnover intention of township health inspectors and explored the intermediary effect of job satisfaction and work engagement between professional identity and turnover intention among township health inspectors in China. Data were collected from 2426 township health inspectors in Sichuan Province, China. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results showed that a total of 11.3% of participants had a high turnover intention and 34.0% of participants had a medium turnover intention. Job satisfaction had a direct negative effect on turnover intention (β = -0.38, p < 0.001), work engagement had a direct negative effect on turnover intention (β = -0.13, p < 0.001), and professional identity had an indirect negative effect on turnover intention through the mediating effect of job satisfaction and work engagement. Our results strongly confirmed that professional identity, job satisfaction and work engagement were strong predicators of turnover intention. According to the results, desirable work environment, quality facilities, fair compensation and adequate advancement opportunities should be emphasized to improve job satisfaction. The turnover intention of health inspectors could be reduced through improving professional identity, enhancing job satisfaction and work engagement.

[Progress of childhood immunization information management system in China in 2008].

PubMed

Cao, Ling-Sheng; Liu, Da-Wei; Guo, Biao

2009-08-01

To evaluate the coverage of childhood immunization information management system (CIIMS) in China (not include HongKong, Macao, and Taiwan) in 2008. Analyzing immunization cases and users' file record archives in CIIMS for china in 2008. These data indicated that 87.10% (27/31) of provinces and 30.36% (891/2935) of county level and 26.63% (11,512/43,231) of vaccination points of township level submitted immunization data to an CIIMS in 2008. The rate of implementation of the county > or = 90% are Fujian and Hubei. The rate of implementation of the township > or = 90% are Hubei, Fujian and Hebei. Coverage of eastern areas, middle areas and western areas were 28.91%, 43.20%, and 18.41% by county, 26.15%, 37.69%, and 16.44% by township respectively. The upload permissions against cases is in a total of 15,014 units, and the client software collect a total of 42,956,214 cases of immunization. 44.46% chinese children aged < 6 years old participated in an CIIMS in 2008. The vaccination point of township level submitted 8,793,334 cases to CIIMS, it accounted for 20.47% of client collection cases. To achieve the national CIIMS objectives for 2010, the extensive implementation must be promoted, the funding for system-building should be increased, an independent platform of CIIMS must be established, and admission of the issue of data exchange with the local information systems must be accelerated.

Prevalence of cardiovascular morbidities in Myanmar.

PubMed

Zaw, Ko Ko; Nwe, Nwe; Hlaing, Su Su

2017-02-15

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are now in a rising trend in South East Asia including Myanmar due to increase in major cardiovascular risk factors in both urban and rural areas, such as smoking, obesity and diabetes mellitus. It is necessary to determine CVD morbidities in Myanmar for planning of prevention and control activities for CVDs. The cross-sectional household survey was conducted in 2012 with 600 people aged 40 years and above in four townships (Kyauk-Tan, Mawlamyaing, Pathein and Pyay) and used face-to-face interview with standard questionnaire [Rose Angina Questionnaire and Questionnaire by European Cardiovascular Indicators Surveillance Set (EUROCISS) Research Group] to determine the level of reported CVD morbidities in adult population. Age of the study population ranged from 40 to 99 years with the mean age of 56 years. Seventy-one percent of the study population was women. Nine percent of the study population have suffered from angina according to Rose Angina Questionnaire. Prevalence of possible heart attack, stroke and heart failure was 7.5, 1.5 and 2.8%. Prevalence of hypertension was 51%. The CVD morbidities are high. There is a need for strengthening prevention and control activities of CVDs.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Nevada: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Nevada as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate Bureau of Land Management (BLM) State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the MCRS database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Utah: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Utah as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the MCRS database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Wyoming: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Wyoming as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the Mining Claim Recordation System (MCRS) database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Colorado: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Colorado as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the Mining Claim Recordation System (MCRS) database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in California: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in California as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the MCRS database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in New Mexico: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in New Mexico as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the MCRS database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Washington: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Washington as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the Mining Claim Recordation System (MCRS) database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Arizona: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Arizona as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill, and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate BLM State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the MCRS database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

77 FR 6743 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans and Designation of Areas for Air Quality...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

...EPA is proposing to approve a request from Illinois to redesignate the Illinois portion of the Chicago-Gary-Lake County, Illinois-Indiana (IL-IN) ozone nonattainment area (the Greater Chicago area) to attainment of the 1997 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS or standard) because the request meets the statutory requirements for redesignation under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The Illinois portion of the Greater Chicago area includes Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will Counties and portions of Grundy (Aux Sable and Goose Lake Townships) and Kendall (Oswego Township) Counties. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) submitted this request on July 23, 2009, and supplemented its request in a submittal on September 16, 2011. EPA is proposing to approve, as a revision of the Illinois State Implementation Plan (SIP), the State's plan for maintaining the 1997 8-hour ozone standard through 2025 in the Illinois portion of the Greater Chicago area. EPA is proposing to approve 2002 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) emission inventories for the Illinois portion of the Greater Chicago area as a revision of the Illinois SIP because the emission inventories meet the requirements of section 182(a) of the CAA. Finally, EPA proposes to approve the State's 2008 and 2025 VOC and NOX Motor Vehicle Emission Budgets (MVEBs) for the Illinois portion of the Greater Chicago area.

PREVALENCE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING BETEL NUT CHEWING AMONG ADULTS IN WEST INSEIN TOWNSHIP, YANGON, MYANMAR.

PubMed

Myint, Su Kyaw; Narksawat, Kulaya; Sillabutra, Jutatip

2016-09-01

Betel nut chewing can cause precancerous oral lesions and is common in Myanmar. We conducted a cross sectional study aimed to estimate prevalence and factors influencing betel nut chewing among 420 subjects aged ≥18 years in West Insein Township, Yangon, Myanmar in order to inform preventive health programs. The mean age of the study subjects was 45(±15) years. The overall prevalence of current betel nut chewing among study subjects was 55.2%. The mean age starting betel nut chewing was 29(±13) years, and the mean duration of chewing was 15(±13) years. The reasons given by study subjects for chewing betel nut included the addictive effect to betel nut, to release tension, to get rid of boredom and to stop smoking. Sixty-two point three percent of current betel nut chewers also chewed tobacco and 24.2% also smoked cigarettes. Factors significantly associated with betel nut chewing were male gender, current alcohol consumer, having no education or finishing primary or secondary school, having a low score regarding their attitude about the health effects of betel nut chewing, and having high score on interpersonal factors by family and peer pressure. Our results show a need to better educate the public about the health effects of betel nut chewing among the study population.

The use of biodiesel in a school transportation system: the case of Medford Township, New Jersey.

PubMed

Biluck, Joe

2007-09-01

A combination of high fuel prices, bus maintenance costs, and the health and safety of school children, along with a consideration of federal and state regulations, prompted Medford Township school district in southern New Jersey to explore the use of alternative fuels, specifically biodiesel. The school district owns and operates 62 school buses that transport 3500 children daily. The evolution of this switch from petroleum-based fuel to biodiesel is described. The district is the nation's longest continuous user of biodiesel in a school transportation system.

Superfund record of decision (EPA Region 2): Hercules Incorporated (Gibbstown Plant), Solid Waste Disposal Area, Operable Unit 3, Greenwich Township, Gloucester County, NJ, January 22, 1966

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-10-01

This decision document presents the selected remedial action for the Solid Waste Disposal Area (SWDA) - Operable Unit 3, Hercules Incorporated, Higgins Plant (hereinafter Hercules site or site), in Greenwhich Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey. The Record of Decision (ROD) addresses all contaminated media at the SWDA portion of the site including soil and ground water. The selected remedy is a modified version of the `In-Place Containment` remedy of the Porposed Plan.

Demonstration of Thermal Stripping of JP-4 and Other VOCs from Soils at Tinker Air Force Base Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

Township, New Jersey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , DACW 41-88-R-0162. b - Source: California List, 40 CFR Part 268, Subpart D. c - Source: Substances...Design Bog Creek Farm Site, Superfund Project, Howell Township, New Jersey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , DACW 41-88-R-0162. b - Source: California List...stack testing was done to numerically specify the per- formance of this unit. I Dust collected by the fabric filter was minimal. Since condensation

[Study on the present status of the areas with high iodine concentration in drinking water and edible salt at household levels in Ohio of Yellow River].

PubMed

Guo, Xiao-wei; Zhai, Li-ping; Liu, Yuan; Wang, Xin

2005-11-01

To understand the present condition of iodine excess areas and edible salt at household levels in Ohio of Yellow River,which will provide the evidence to control it. A cross section in one time was adopted for the epidemiological survey based on the east, west, south, north and central in all of townships from 8 counties. 2 samples of drinking water from each village were tested their water iodine content as well as the data regarding to their recourses and the depth of wells. 5 samples of edible salt were collected from each village for quantitative analysis. We investigated 451 villages in 92 townships of 8 counties. 800 samples of drinking water were tested which values of iodine content were (110.93 +/- 152.26) microg/L in main, 55.83 microg/L (0.84 - 997.82 microg/L) in medium. 102.39 thousand population are at risk for iodine excess and living in 24 townships of 7 counties where iodine concentration is over 150 microg/L in drinking water, with (327.72 +/- 192.19) microg/L in mean value or 253.87 microg/L (150.78 - 997.82 microg/L) in medium. The rate of iodized salt is 97.2%. All the iodine excess areas are located in alluvial plain of Yellow River. The etiology of high iodine in shallow well water may be supposed to be iodine aggregation formed by Yellow River in terms of thousands of flood in thousands of years. But iodine excess in deep well water may be related to rotten, deposit marine living beings rich in iodine millions upon millions years ago. There were distinctive features of iodine excess in drinking water from both shallow well and deep well, 24 iodine excess areas in Ohio of Yellow River. It has suggested that iodized salt intervention should be stopped in the areas and starting the health education project, survey of iodized salt in the region.

Perceived and actual cost of healthier foods versus their less healthy alternatives: a case study in a predominantly black urban township in South Africa.

PubMed

Muzigaba, M; Puoane, T

2011-12-01

There is an increasing awareness of the role played by the food retail characteristics in determining individuals' healthy food purchasing and consumption behaviors. The perceived costs of healthier food alternatives have been shown to contribute negatively to individual's food choices in developed societies. However, there is still a dearth of knowledge regarding this phenomenon in low to middle income countries particularly in Africa. This study explored health club member's experiences in buying healthier food options and compared their perceived cost of selected healthier and less healthy foods with actual market costs in a South African township. A cross-sectional study design using quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study was conducted in Khayelitsha, a township in the Western Cape Province in South Africa. Participants were 50 members of a health club, mostly female and above 50 years of age. The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase involved interviews with all 50 health club members. During the second phase ten purposively selected members participated in in-depth interviews based on their unhealthy food-purchasing and consumption patterns identified in the first phase. The third phase involved food price audits from supermarkets as well as convenient stores located in the study setting. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Most of the members were illiterate and unemployed, largely dependent on government grants. Qualitative findings showed that low household incomes, their inability to read and interpret nutritional information and personal food preferences contributed to Health club members' unhealthy food-purchasing behaviour. When objectively measured in local stores, the healthier food options proved to be more expensive than their less healthy equivalents. This was consistent with subjects' perceptions about the relative cost of the same foods in their local stores. Healthier foods tended to be more expensive than their less healthy options in local shops audited - both in reality and in the perceptions of health club members. Low income was reported to militate against health club members' healthy food-purchasing behaviour.

Peasant flood in China: internal migration and its policy determinants.

PubMed

Wan, G H

1995-06-01

A survey was undertaken by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1986 to explore the composition and patterns of rural population movements. 230 villages were selected from 84 townships in 59 counties scattered across 11 regions. Because of incomplete information, only data for 222 villages were used. Population flows were classified into: 1) intramigration or intraflow within the boundaries of their own townships; 2) out-migration, emigration, or outflow involving those who left the townships; and 3) in-migration, immigration, or inflow that affected those who moved into the 222 villages from outside. Age, sex, education, postmigration occupation, and duration of stay details were obtained for every migrant. Some 43,223 persons were involved in intraflows and 26,993 emigrated from the surveyed townships in 1986. The volume of internal migration in China seemed to be related to the distance between the origins and destinations of migrants. Among 70,216 migrants, about 74% were males and only 26% were females. Over 57.38% of the migrants from 222 villages shifted into industrial (34.31%) and construction (23.07%) activities. The service sector (food providers, stall holders, door-to-door retailers, barbers, and small shops) attracted 9.73%. Only 565 were engaged in cropping and 1614 in forestry, animal husbandry, sideline production, and fishery. As to age groups, 1688 (2.4%) were aged 17 years or under, 61,530 (88%) were aged 18-45, and 6999 (9.9%) were 46 years old or older. In 1986 seasonal migrants accounted for some 80% of all emigrants from the surveyed villages. Education did not play a significant role in promoting migration in the mid-1980s. 39% of the labor force had received primary education and the same percentage of out-migrants had acquired primary school education. The younger the age group, the more of them tended to move away from home: for those aged 17 or under if 100 persons migrated within the township, 113 moved out of town. A nationwide network should be established to provide information for migrants regarding their rights and obligations, job prospects, and cultural differences.

Evaluating the impact of decentralising tuberculosis microscopy services to rural township hospitals in gansu province, china

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background In 2004, the Ministry of Health issued the policy of decentralising microscopy services (MCs) to one third of all township hospitals in China. The study was conducted in Gansu Province, a poor western one in China. Ganzhou was one county in Gansu Province. Ganzhou County was identified as a unique case of further decentralisation of tuberculosis (TB) treatment services in township hospitals. The study evaluated the impact of the MC policy on providers and patients in Gansu Province. The second objective was to assess the unique case of Ganzhou County compared with other counties in the province. Methods Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. All 523 MCs in the province completed an institutional survey regarding their performance. Four counties were selected for in-depth investigation, where 169 TB suspects were randomly selected from the MC and county TB dispensary registers for questionnaire surveys. Informant interviews were conducted with 38 health staff at the township and county levels in the four counties. Results Gansu established MCs in 39% of its township hospitals. From January 2006 to June 2007, 8% of MCs identified more than 10 TB sputum smear positive patients while 54% did not find any. MCs identified 1546 TB sputum smear positive patients, accounting for 9% of the total in the province. The throughputs of MCs in Ganzhou County were eight times of those in other counties. Interviews identified several barriers to implement the MC policy, such as inadequate health financing, low laboratory capacity, lack of human resources, poor treatment and management capacities, and lack of supervisions from county TB dispensaries. Conclusion Microscopy centre throughputs were generally low in Gansu Province, and the contribution of MCs to TB case detection was insignificant taking account the number of MCs established. As a unique case of full decentralisation of TB service, Ganzhou County presented better results. However, standards and quality of TB care needed to be improved. The MC policy needs to be reviewed in light of evidence from this study. PMID:21324106

The Influence of Professional Identity, Job Satisfaction, and Work Engagement on Turnover Intention among Township Health Inspectors in China

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wenjie; Meng, Hongdao; Liu, Danping

2018-01-01

Health inspectors are part of the public health workforce in China, and its shortage has been identified as an urgent priority that should be addressed. Turnover is one of the main contributors to the shortage problem. This research assessed the influence of professional identity, job satisfaction and work engagement on turnover intention of township health inspectors and explored the intermediary effect of job satisfaction and work engagement between professional identity and turnover intention among township health inspectors in China. Data were collected from 2426 township health inspectors in Sichuan Province, China. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized relationship among the variables. Results showed that a total of 11.3% of participants had a high turnover intention and 34.0% of participants had a medium turnover intention. Job satisfaction had a direct negative effect on turnover intention (β = −0.38, p < 0.001), work engagement had a direct negative effect on turnover intention (β = −0.13, p < 0.001), and professional identity had an indirect negative effect on turnover intention through the mediating effect of job satisfaction and work engagement. Our results strongly confirmed that professional identity, job satisfaction and work engagement were strong predicators of turnover intention. According to the results, desirable work environment, quality facilities, fair compensation and adequate advancement opportunities should be emphasized to improve job satisfaction. The turnover intention of health inspectors could be reduced through improving professional identity, enhancing job satisfaction and work engagement. PMID:29757985

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms mediate the relationship between traumatic experiences and drinking behavior among women attending alcohol-serving venues in a South African township.

PubMed

Watt, Melissa H; Ranby, Krista W; Meade, Christina S; Sikkema, Kathleen J; MacFarlane, Jessica C; Skinner, Donald; Pieterse, Desiree; Kalichman, Seth C

2012-07-01

South Africa has high rates of traumatic experiences and alcohol abuse or dependence, especially among women. Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with hazardous drinking. This article examines the relationship between traumatic events and hazardous drinking among women who patronized alcohol-serving venues in South Africa and examines PTSD as a mediator of this relationship. A total of 560 women were recruited from a Cape Town township. They completed a computerized assessment that included alcohol consumption, history of traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis examined whether PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of traumatic event categories experienced (range: 0-7) and drinking behavior. The mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score in the sample was 12.15 (range: 0-34, SD = 7.3), with 70.9% reaching criteria for hazardous drinking (AUDIT > 8). The mean PTSD score was 36.32 (range: 17-85, SD = 16.3),with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version ≥ 50). Endorsement of traumatic experiences was high, including adult emotional (51.8%), physical (49.6%), and sexual (26.3%) abuse; childhood physical (35.0%) and sexual (25.9%) abuse; and other types of trauma (83%). All categories of traumatic experiences, except the "other" category, were associated with hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms mediated 46% of the relationship between the number of traumatic categories experienced and drinking behavior. Women reported high rates of hazardous drinking and high levels of PTSD symptoms, and most had some history of traumatic events. There was a strong relationship between traumatic exposure and drinking levels, which was largely mediated by PTSD symptoms. Substance use interventions should address histories of trauma in this population, where alcohol may be used in part to cope with past traumas.

High Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar

PubMed Central

Chai, Jong-Yil; Yang, Seung Koo; Kim, Jae Won; Choi, Soo-Lyoen; Song, Gyu-Young; Jung, Bong-Kwang; Kim, Min-Jae; Cho, Jaeeun; Kim, Deok-Gyu; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Jeoung, Hoo-Gn; Cho, Seon; Park, Jong-Bok; Hong, Sooji; Htoon, Thi Thi; Tin, Htay Htay

2015-01-01

In order to determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in suburban areas of Myanmar, 761 primary schoolchildren in 3 different townships around Yangon City were subjected to a survey using cello-tape anal swabs. The subjected schoolchildren were 383 boys and 378 girls who were 5-7 years of age. Only 1 anal swab was obtained from each child. The overall egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 47.2% (359 positives), and sex difference was not remarkable (48.6% in boys and 45.8% in girls). However, the positive rate was the highest in South Dagon (54.6%) followed by Hlaing Thayar (43.8%) and North Dagon (34.8%). This difference was highly correlated with the living standards of the people in each township. Nucleotide sequence of the 5S rDNA from the eggs on the cello-tape (2 children) revealed 99.7% identity with that of E. vermicularis reported in GenBank. The results indicated that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren around Yangon, Myanmar. PMID:26797448

High Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in Three Townships around Yangon, Myanmar.

PubMed

Chai, Jong-Yil; Yang, Seung Koo; Kim, Jae Won; Choi, Soo-Lyoen; Song, Gyu-Young; Jung, Bong-Kwang; Kim, Min-Jae; Cho, Jaeeun; Kim, Deok-Gyu; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Jeoung, Hoo-Gn; Cho, Seon; Park, Jong-Bok; Hong, Sooji; Htoon, Thi Thi; Tin, Htay Htay

2015-12-01

In order to determine the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection among schoolchildren in suburban areas of Myanmar, 761 primary schoolchildren in 3 different townships around Yangon City were subjected to a survey using cello-tape anal swabs. The subjected schoolchildren were 383 boys and 378 girls who were 5-7 years of age. Only 1 anal swab was obtained from each child. The overall egg positive rate of E. vermicularis was 47.2% (359 positives), and sex difference was not remarkable (48.6% in boys and 45.8% in girls). However, the positive rate was the highest in South Dagon (54.6%) followed by Hlaing Thayar (43.8%) and North Dagon (34.8%). This difference was highly correlated with the living standards of the people in each township. Nucleotide sequence of the 5S rDNA from the eggs on the cello-tape (2 children) revealed 99.7% identity with that of E. vermicularis reported in GenBank. The results indicated that E. vermicularis infection is highly prevalent among primary schoolchildren around Yangon, Myanmar.

Understanding teenage pregnancy in a post-apartheid South African township.

PubMed

Mkhwanazi, Nolwazi

2010-05-01

Although South Africa's total fertility rate is one of the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, high rates of early childbearing remain a concern. Most teenage pregnancies occur among poor black and coloured South Africans. The majority of these pregnancies are said to be unwanted and unplanned and the teenager's relationships, unstable. Becoming a mother during one's teenage years is perceived to be socially, economically and physically deleterious for the teenager and her baby. This paper presents ethnographic data collected over a five-year period in the South African township of Nyanga East in the Western Cape. It draws attention to the circumstances that surround teenage pregnancy and discusses reactions to teenage pregnancies in this community. Findings highlight that despite the negative perception of teenage pregnancy within the township, particular social and cultural circumstances provided fertile ground for its occurrence. Furthermore, the paper argues that in this particular community the management of a teenage pregnancy played a functional and critical role in maintaining and reproducing social norms and ideals regarding intergenerational relationships, which ultimately ensured that the rates of early childbearing remained high.

Superfund Record of Decision Amendment (EPA Region 5): Springfield Township Dump, Davisburg, MI, June 10, 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

This decision document presents the amendments to the remedial action for the Springfield Township Dump site, Oakland County, Michigan. The amended remedial action changes the selected method of addressing PCB-laden soils and also changes certain soil and groundwater cleanup standards previously selected in the 1990 Record of Decision (ROD) to reflect current state standards: The groundwater and soil vapor extraction and treatment systems and the arsenic and lead groundwater cleanup standards identified as part of the selected remedy in the 1990 ROD and in the 1993 Explanation of Significant Difference remain unchanged.

"Our struggle is for the full loaf": protests, social welfare and gendered citizenship in South Africa.

PubMed

Goebel, Allison

2011-01-01

The waves of popular protest sweeping contemporary South Africa are inadequately explained by anti-globalisation, anti-neoliberal and even anti-government sentiments and analysis. Attention to the gendered dynamics of township life, including the nature of households, gender relations and the critical importance of social welfare provisions to poor women and their households, yields a revised understanding of protests and movements. The Durban-based shack-dwellers' movement Abahlali baseMjondolo is used to illustrate these points, as are original quantitative and qualitative data from urban townships in KwaZulu-Natal.

Moffies, artists, and queens: race and the production of South African gay male drag.

PubMed

Swarr, Amanda Lock

2004-01-01

This article draws on seventeen months of ethnographic fieldwork in South Africa to explore the experiences of urban and township drag performers. I show that two distinct sex-gender-sexuality systems have emerged based in the sociopolitical history of South Africa, and I argue that urban drag produces race oppositionally and examine how township femininity creates raced forms of gender, sex, and sexuality. Contemporary South African drag foregrounds the performativity and constitution of race and gender. My analysis attempts to challenge definitions of "drag" and "audience," suggesting the necessity for an integrated reconceptualization of drag studies.

Potential assessment of establishing a renewable energy plant in a rural agricultural area.

PubMed

Su, Ming-Chien; Kao, Nien-Hsin; Huang, Wen-Jar

2012-06-01

An evaluation of the green energy potential generated from biogas and solar power, using agricultural manure waste and a photovoltaic (PV) system, was conducted in a large geographical area of a rural county with low population density and low pollution. The studied area, Shoufeng Township in Hualien County, is located in eastern Taiwan, where a large amount of manure waste is generated from pig farms that are scattered throughout the county. The objective of the study is to assess the possibility of establishing an integrated manure waste treatment plant by using the generated biogas incorporated with the PV system to produce renewable energy and then feed it back to the incorporated farms. A filed investigation, geographic information system (GIS) application, empirical equations development, and RETScreen modeling were conducted in the study. The results indicate that Shoufeng Township has the highest priority in setting up an integrated treatment and renewable energy plant by using GIS mapping within a 10-km radius of the transportation range. Two scenarios were plotted in assessing the renewable energy plant and the estimated electricity generation, plus the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction was evaluated. Under the current governmental green energy scheme and from a long-term perspective, the assessment shows great potential in establishing the plant, especially in reducing environmental pollution problems, waste treatment, and developing suitable renewable energy.

A spring aerial census of red foxes in North Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sargeant, A.B.; Pfeifer, W.K.; Allen, S.H.

1975-01-01

Systematic aerial searches were flown on transects to locate adult red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), pups, and rearing dens on 559.4 km2 (six townships) in eastern North Dakota during mid-May and mid-June each year from 1969 through 1973 and during mid-April 1969 and early May 1970. The combined sightings of foxes and fox dens from the mid-May and mid-June searches were used to identify individual fox families. The number of fox families was used as the measurement of density. Dens, highly visible during the mid-May searches, were the most reliable family indicator; 84 percent of 270 families identified during the study were represented by dens. Adult foxes second in importance, were most observable during the mid-May searches when 20 to 35 percent of those estimated to be available were sighted. Adult sightings during other search periods ranged from 4 to 17 percent of those available. Pup sightings were the most variable family indicator, but they led to the discovery of some dens. Sources of error for which adjustment factors were determined are: den moves exceeding criterion established for the spacing of dens in a single family, overestimation of the number of fox families living near township boundaries, and the percentage of fox families overlooked during the aerial searches. These adjustment factors appeared to be largely compensatory.

International non-governmental organizations' provision of community-based tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar, 2013-2014.

PubMed

Soe, Kyaw Thu; Saw, Saw; van Griensven, Johan; Zhou, Shuisen; Win, Le; Chinnakali, Palanivel; Shah, Safieh; Mon, Myo Myo; Aung, Si Thu

2017-03-24

National tuberculosis (TB) programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required. In Myanmar, however, there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they are. In this study, we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar, and assess their contribution to TB case detection. We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program (NTP) in 2013-2014. For each INGO, we extracted information on its approach and key activities, the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing, and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment outcomes. The contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same townships. All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts, targeting migrants, post-conflict areas, the urban poor, and other vulnerable populations. Two recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures, one via existing community leaderships, and one directly involved TB infected/affected individuals. Two INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing, and two provided financial and in-kind initiatives. All relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs, but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up. A total of 21 995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis, with 7 383 (34%) new TB cases diagnosed and almost all (98%) successfully treated. The four INGOs contributed to the detection of, on average, 36% (7 383/20 663) of the total new TB cases in their respective townships (range: 15-52%). Community-based TB care supported by INGOs successfully achieved TB case detection in hard-to-reach and vulnerable populations. This is vital to achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets. Strategies to ensure sustainability of the programs should be explored, including the need for longer-term commitment of INGOs.

The Conservation Reserve Program: Planting for the future. Proceedings of a National Conference, Fort Collins, Colorado, June 6-9, 2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Allen, Arthur W.; Vandever, Mark W.

2005-01-01

Contrary to conventions in most USGS publications and current scientific literature, measures of area and length in this publication are generally presented in acres or miles rather than metric measures (e.g., hectares, kilometers). This approach was adopted because townships, sections, and acres define the United States landscape and are the units of measure upon which management of agricultural lands in this nation is based. Unless noted otherwise, the authors of the respective chapters provided all photographs and figures presented in this document. The findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the USGS.

Ground-water levels in aquifers used for residential supply, Campton Township, Kane County, Illinois

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kay, Robert T.; Kraske, Kurt A.

1996-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Campton Township Board of Trustees, measured water levels in the aquifers used for residential supply in Campton Township, Kane County, Illinois. Aquifers used for residential supply are the shallow and deep aquifers in the glacial drift, composed of unconsolidated sand and gravels; the Alexandrian-Maquoketa aquifer, composed of dolomite and shale of the Alexandrian Series and the Maquoketa Group; the Galena-Platteville aquifer, composed of dolomite of the Platteville and Galena Groups; and the Ancell aquifer, composed of sandstones of the Glenwood Formation and the St. Peter Sanstone. Water-level altitudes in the shallow drift aquifers generally follow surface topography. Analysis of water-level data does not clearly indicate overutilization of these aquifers. Water-level altitudes in the deep drift aquifers decrease from west to east. Comparison of historical depth to water measurements with current (1995) measurements indicates large decreases in water levels in some areas. The deep drift aquifers may be overutilized at these locations. Water-level altitudes in the Alexandrian-Maquoketa aquifer generally decrease from west to east. The potentiometric surface of the aquifer follows the bedrock-surface topography in some locations. Localized low water-level altitudes and large decreases in water levels indicate the Alexandrian-Maquoketa aquifer is overutilized in several areas. Water-level altitudes in the wells finished in the Galena- Platteville aquifer vary by more than 300 feet. Large decreases in water levels in wells finished in the Galena-Platteville aquifer indicate the Galena-Platteville and Alexandrian-Maquoketa aquifers are overutilized in the northern part of the township. Water-level altitudes in the wells finished in the Ancell aquifer are also highly variable. There is no indication that the Ancell aquifer is overutilized.

Air Quality, Energy Budget, and Offset Policy in South Africa's Low-Income Settlements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hersey, S. P.; Piketh, S.; Burger, R.

2014-12-01

Urban and exurban residential populations in South Africa reside primarily in low-income settlements, including many townships remaining from Apartheid. Over 3 million free government homes have been built in the last 20 years, but the number of people living in informal settlements is the same as at the end of Apartheid in 1994 - a consequence of rapid urbanization. Despite availability of electricity to the vast majority of South Africans, ~80% of electrified homes in low-income areas also burn coal and/or wood as supplementary fuels for cooking and heating. These domestic burning activities represent 70-85% of total PM10mass during winter in South Africa's low-income settlements. Here we analyze data from observations of human-atmosphere systems in: 1) 19 ground monitoring sites in Gauteng Province (Johannesburg and Pretoria), and 2) an intensive sampling campaign in a township in Mpumalanga Province (Industrial Highveld). From ground monitoring, we quantitatively describe seasonal and diurnal trends in PM10 and PM2.5 typical in low-income settlements as compared with industrial and developed suburban areas, and demonstrate the impact of low-income settlements on regional air quality. We also explore the implications of economic development in townships (increased household income, expanded commercialization and widespread electricity usage) on local and regional air quality. Data from the intensive township sampling study provides a seasonal energy budget for domestic burning in low-income settlements and suggests that indoor and ambient air quality are independent systems requiring unique interventions. We conclude with a preview of innovative strategies being developed by industry, government, and academic stakeholders for a not-like-for-like emissions offset policy in South Africa, focused on investments directly into low-income settlements that are aimed at reducing PM exposure.

Combining groundwater quality analysis and a numerical flow simulation for spatially establishing utilization strategies for groundwater and surface water in the Pingtung Plain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jang, Cheng-Shin; Chen, Ching-Fang; Liang, Ching-Ping; Chen, Jui-Sheng

2016-02-01

Overexploitation of groundwater is a common problem in the Pingtung Plain area of Taiwan, resulting in substantial drawdown of groundwater levels as well as the occurrence of severe seawater intrusion and land subsidence. Measures need to be taken to preserve these valuable groundwater resources. This study seeks to spatially determine the most suitable locations for the use of surface water on this plain instead of extracting groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and aquaculture purposes based on information obtained by combining groundwater quality analysis and a numerical flow simulation assuming the planning of manmade lakes and reservoirs to the increase of water supply. The multivariate indicator kriging method is first used to estimate occurrence probabilities, and to rank townships as suitable or unsuitable for groundwater utilization according to water quality standards for drinking, irrigation, and aquaculture. A numerical model of groundwater flow (MODFLOW) is adopted to quantify the recovery of groundwater levels in townships after model calibration when groundwater for drinking and agricultural demands has been replaced by surface water. Finally, townships with poor groundwater quality and significant increases in groundwater levels in the Pingtung Plain are prioritized for the groundwater conservation planning based on the combined assessment of groundwater quality and quantity. The results of this study indicate that the integration of groundwater quality analysis and the numerical flow simulation is capable of establishing sound strategies for joint groundwater and surface water use. Six southeastern townships are found to be suitable locations for replacing groundwater with surface water from manmade lakes or reservoirs to meet drinking, irrigation, and aquaculture demands.

Community-based stroke system of care for Chinese rural areas.

PubMed

He, Mingli; Wang, Jin'e; Gong, Ling; Dong, Qing; Ji, Niu; Xing, Houxun; Zhou, Yuan; Qin, Sizhou; Wang, Huizheng; Zhang, Huamin; Hui, Rutai; Wang, Yibo

2014-08-01

Stroke system of care plays key roles both in providing effective therapies and in improving the overall outcome of patients with stroke. Our purpose was to develop and evaluate the system in Chinese rural areas. A stroke system of care was developed from November 2009 to November 2010 in 3 townships in Ganyu County. An additional 3 matched townships were invited as controls. We first investigated stroke management in these townships and then implemented stroke system of care and an education campaign in the 3 intervention townships. The effectiveness of the system was then evaluated. There were 1036 patients with new stroke among 344 345 subjects in the 6 rural communities. The incidence of stroke in the rural areas was 301/100 000, and the mortality rate was 55/100 000. The proportions significantly increased in the intervention communities after the implementation of the stroke system of care and education campaign when compared with the control communities, including patients presenting at rural hospitals within 3 hours of symptom onset (13.6% versus 8.7%; P=0.017), diagnosed by computed tomographic scanning within 24 hours of admission (65.3% versus 58.5%; P=0.034), and received thrombolytic treatment (3.9% versus 1.7%; P=0.038). During the 1-year follow-up, 32 (6.5%) patients with stroke in the intervention communities and 48 (10.1%) in the control communities died. The disability rate of stroke was significantly reduced in the intervention communities at postintervention (38.4% versus 48.1%; P=0.001). A stroke system of care would be reliable and practical in Chinese rural areas. http://www.chictr.org. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-RCH-13003408. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

Geographic patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma mortality with exposure to iron in groundwater in Taiwanese population: An ecological study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Many studies have examined the risk factors for HCC (including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, aflatoxin, retinol, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption). However, data from previous studies on the association between iron exposure, land subsidence, and HCC mortality/incidence were limited, especially in Taiwanese population. We aimed to explore the geographical distribution of HCC mortality rates by township-specific data and to evaluate the association between HCC mortality, land subsidence, and iron levels in groundwater in Taiwan. Methods We conducted an ecological study and calculated the HCC age-standardized mortality/incidence rates according to death certificates issued in Taiwan from 1992 to 2001 and incidence data from 1995–1998. The land subsidence dataset before 2005 and iron concentrations in groundwater in 1989 are also involved in this study. Both geographical information systems and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between HCC mortality rates, land subsidence, and iron concentrations in groundwater. Results Township-specific HCC mortality rates are higher in southwestern coastal townships where serious land subsidence and higher township-specific concentrations of iron in groundwater are present. The Pearson correlation coefficients of iron concentrations in groundwater and ASRs of HCC were 0.286 (P = 0.004) in males and 0.192 (P = 0.058) in females for mortality data; the coefficients were 0.375 (P < 0.001) in males and 0.210 (P = 0.038) in females for incidence data. Conclusions This study showed that HCC mortality is clustered in southwestern Taiwan and the association with the iron levels in groundwater in Taiwanese population warrant further investigation. PMID:23590585

The challenge of maintaining microscopist capacity at basic levels for malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province, China.

PubMed

Ding, Guisheng; Zhu, Guoding; Cao, Caiqun; Miao, Ping; Cao, Yuanyuan; Wang, Weiming; Gu, Yaping; Xu, Sui; Wang, Shengqiang; Zhou, Huayun; Cao, Jun

2018-04-12

Local malaria transmission has decreased rapidly since the National Malaria Elimination Action Plan was launched in China in 2010. However, imported malaria cases from Africa and Southeast Asia still occur in China due to overseas laborers. Diagnosis by microscopy is the gold standard for malaria and is used in most hospitals in China. However, the current capacity of microscopists to manage malaria cases in hospitals and public health facilities to meet the surveillance needs to eliminate and prevent the reintroduction of malaria is unknown. Malaria diagnoses were assessed by comparing the percentage of first visit and confirmed malaria diagnoses at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) and hospitals. The basic personnel information for public health departments and hospitals at different levels was investigated. The skills of microscopists for blood smear preparation and slide interpretation were also examined at the county and township levels. Inaccurate rate with 13.49% and 7.32%, respectively, in 2013 and 2014, from 341 and 355 reported cases from sub-provincial levels in Jiangsu province. Most of the 523 malaria cases reported in Nantong Prefecture from 2000 to 2014 involved patients who first visited county CDCs seeking treatment, however, none of these cases received confirmed diagnosis of malaria in townships or villages.The staff at county CDCs and hospitals with a higher education background performed better at making and interpreting blood smears than staff from townships. The network for malaria elimination in an entire province has been well established. However, an insufficient capacity for malaria diagnosis was observed, especially the preparing and reading the blood smears at the township and village levels, which is a challenge to achieving and maintaining malaria elimination.

Separating natural trends from direct human influences on flow changes and flooding of the Rock River in Wisconsin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fredrick, K. C.; Bader, J. A.

2016-12-01

The Rock River of south-central Wisconsin is an integral feature of the glacial legacy and modern drainage system of the region. It runs from the Horicon marsh, a federally protected wetland, through mostly rural areas of Wisconsin and northern Illinois to its outlet to the Mississippi River. Economically important to the adjacent farmers and communities, the Rock River has a colorful history of recreation, management, and especially change. But over the years, changes to the upper Rock River between the Horicon Marsh and Watertown, Wisconsin have induced flooding of unprecedented frequency and duration, especially when compared against hydrometeorological conditions. Anecdotal evidence suggests unusual flooding of large swaths of farmland and roadways, along with unwelcome consequences of those floodwaters have been especially pronounced since the late 1990's. Beginning in 2007, continuous weekly monitoring of the Rock River stage has been conducted in Lebanon Township below the Horicon Marsh. In that time, multiple damaging flood events have been recorded. In search of causes for these anomalous events, especially with regard to duration, upstream and downstream management practices have been evaluated. Dam manipulation downstream of the Lebanon and Ashippun Township sections is one likely cause. However, upon further review, a continued upward trend in stream stage (0.58 feet of increase over nine years) cannot be as easily explained by management practices, especially considering a general decrease in overall precipitation during those same years.

Evaluation of a tuberculosis active case finding project in peri-urban areas, Myanmar: 2014-2016.

PubMed

Aye, Sandar; Majumdar, Suman S; Oo, Myo Minn; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Satyanarayana, S; Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu; Kyaw, Khine Wut Yee; Oo, Nay Lynn; Thein, Saw; Thu, Myat Kyaw; Soe, Kyaw Thu; Aung, Si Thu

2018-05-01

We assessed the effect of an active case finding (ACF) project on tuberculosis (TB) case notification and the yields from a household and neigbourhood intervention (screening contacts of historical index TB patients diagnosed >24months ago) and a community intervention (screening attendants of health education sessions/mobile clinics). Cross-sectional analysis of project records, township TB registers and annual TB reports. In the household and neigbourhood intervention, of 56,709 people screened, 1,076 were presumptive TB and 74 patients were treated for active TB with a screening yield of 0.1% and a yield from presumptive cases of 6.9%. In the community intervention, of 162,881 people screened, 4,497 were presumptive TB and 984 were treated for active TB with a screening yield of 0.6% and yield from presumptive cases of 21.9%. Of active TB cases, 94% were new, 89% were pulmonary, 44% were bacteriologically-confirmed and 5% had HIV. Case notification rates per 100,000 in project townships increased from 142 during baseline (2011-2013) to 148 during intervention (2014-2016) periods. The yield from household and neigbourhood intervention was lower than community intervention. This finding highlights reconsidering the strategy of screening of contacts from historical index cases. Strategies to reach high-risk groups should be explored for future ACF interventions to increase yield of TB. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Predicting Baylisascaris procyonis roundworm prevalence, presence and abundance in raccoons (Procyon lotor) of southwestern Ohio using landscape features.

PubMed

Ingle, Matthew E; Dunbar, Stephen G; Gathany, Mark A; Vasser, Melinda M; Bartsch, Jaynee L; Guffey, Katherine R; Knox, Cole J; Nolan, Ashlie N; Rowlands, Carrie E; Trigg, Emily C

2014-08-01

Raccoon roundworm is a leading cause of a neurological disease known as larva migrans encephalopathy in vertebrates. We determined that roundworm prevalence is significantly lower in Beavercreek Township than other townships surveyed, and that mean patch size and proportion of landscape modified by urbanization or by agriculture are good predictors of roundworm prevalence and abundance in raccoons. The proportion of landscape modified by urbanization was the best predictor of roundworm presence. These data will facilitate predictions regarding roundworm prevalence in areas that have not been previously sampled, and contribute to devising management strategies against the spread of raccoon roundworm.

"They see you as a different thing": the experiences of men who have sex with men with healthcare workers in South African township communities.

PubMed

Lane, T; Mogale, T; Struthers, H; McIntyre, J; Kegeles, S M

2008-11-01

To describe interactions between men who have sex with men (MSM) and healthcare workers (HCW) in peri-urban township communities in South Africa. Qualitative study using semistructured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in the Gauteng province townships of Soweto and Mamelodi. 32 MSM were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews and 15 for focus group discussions. Topics explored included identity, sexuality, community life, use of health services and experiences of stigma and discrimination. MSM felt their options for non-stigmatising sexual healthcare services were limited by homophobic verbal harassment by HCW. Gay-identified men sought out clinics with reputations for employing HCW who respected their privacy and their sexuality and challenged those HCW who mistreated them. Non-gay-identified MSM presented masculine, heterosexual identities when presenting for sexual health problems and avoided discussing their sexuality with HCW. The strategies MSM employ to confront or avoid homophobia from HCW may not be conducive to sexual health promotion in this population. Interventions that increase the capacity of public sector HCW to provide appropriate sexual health services to MSM are urgently needed.

“They see you as a different thing”: The Experiences of Men Who Have Sex with Men with Health Care Workers in South African Township Communities

PubMed Central

Lane, Tim; Mogale, Thomas; Struthers, Helen; McIntyre, James; Kegeles, Susan M.

2009-01-01

Objectives To describe interactions between men who have sex with men (MSM) and health care workers (HCWs) in peri-urban township communities in South Africa. Method Qualitative study using semistructured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions in the Gauteng province townships of Soweto and Mamelodi. We purposively sampled 32 MSM for in-depth interviews and 15 for focus group discussions. Topics explored included identity, sexuality, community life, use of health services, and experiences of stigma and discrimination. Results MSM felt their options for non-stigmatizing sexual health care services were limited by homophobic verbal harassment by HCWs. Gay-identified men sought out clinics with reputations for employing HCWs who respected their privacy and their sexuality, and challenged those HCWs who mistreated them. Non-gay identified MSM presented masculine, heterosexual identities when presenting for sexual health problems, and avoided discussing their sexuality with HCWs. Conclusions The strategies MSM employ to confront or avoid homophobia from HCWs may not be conducive to sexual health promotion in this population. Interventions that increase the capacity of public sector HCWs to provide appropriate sexual health services to MSM are urgently needed. PMID:19028941

Girls want money, boys want virgins: the materiality of love amongst South African township youth in the context of HIV and AIDS.

PubMed

Bhana, Deevia; Pattman, Rob

2011-09-01

How do young South Africans give meaning to love? In this paper we draw on findings from an interview study to examine the ways in which young Africans, aged 16 to 17 years in a poor township in KwaZulu-Natal province, express ideals of love and romance. Their claims to love we show are strategic advantages as they negotiate poverty and economic marginalisation. Girls' ideals of love are tied to their aspirations towards middle-class consumerism. Love becomes inseparable from the idealisation of men who provide. Upholding provider masculinity is a strategic means to claim money, fashionable clothes and prestige. Unlike girls, the boys' love investments were focused on farm girls from rural areas in South Africa. Farm girls were constructed as virgins with little investment in commodification. Farm girls are a strategic option through which boys' economic marginalisation experienced in the township girls is reconciled through an exalted masculinity. Love is produced by particular sets of economic and social circumstances through which gender inequalities are reproduced, and should be taken more seriously in working with young people to address gendered social environments and HIV risk.

Ground water resources of southeastern Oakland County, Michigan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ferris, J.G.; Burt, E.M.; Stramel, G.J.; Crosthwaite, E.G.

1954-01-01

The area covered by this report comprises a square which measures three townships on a side and enclose 318 square miles in southeastern Oakland County. The investigation of the ground-water resources of this area was made by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Detroit Metropolitan Area Regional Planning Commission, the Michigan Department of Conservation, and the Michigan Water Resources Commission.In 1950 the population of this nine-township area exceeded 341,000, or more than 86 percent of the total population of Oakland County. This county ranks third in the state in number of industrial establishments and workers and is fifteenth in agricultural importance. Its numerous lakes and rolling uplands contribute to its top rank in the state in the number of recreational enterprises in rural or suburban areas.The climate is moderately humid. The average annual precipitation is 30 inches and the mean air temperature is 47.2° F. Snowfall averages 38 inches in the November-April interval. The growing season averages 151 days.The regional land surface slopes from northwest to southeast and has a total relief of 360 feet. Pitted outwash plains and morainal hills that are more than 1,000 feet above sea level in the northwest corner of the area give way southeastward to a sequence of terminal moraines and intervening till plains in the middle part. These give way to the broad lake plains that cover the southeastern third of the area.The area lies on the southeast edge of the Michigan Basin and the bedrock is composed of northwest dipping strata of the Devonian and Mississippian systems. The Antrim shale, of Lake Devonian and early Mississippian age, is the oldest formation cropping out beneath the mantle of glacial Berea sandstone, and Sunbury shale overlie the Antrim and are overlain by the Coldwater shale, their areas of outcrop beneath the drift lying successively farther northwest. These formations are of early Mississippian age.Throughout the area the bedrock is covered by glacial drift which ranges in thickness from 25 to more than 350 feet. The drift increases in thickness from southeast to northwest, but considerable relief on the underlying bedrock surface greatly modifies this trend. Extensive moraines, till plains, lake plains, and gravel outwash plains cover the area. In the northwestern third of the area an extensive upland of gravel plains is dotted with lakes ranging from a few feet to more than 100 feet in depth.Precipitation is the perennial source of all water in this area, whether on the surface of underground. The average annual rainfall on the nine-townships is equivalent to a continuous supply of 450 m.g.d. or  9 times the combined annual withdrawal from all wells in the area.About 53 percent of the area is drained by the Clinton River, 44 percent by the River Rouge, and the remaining 3 percent by the Huron River. Less than one-third of the annual precipitation reappears as surface discharge from the watersheds of this area.About two-thirds of the annual precipitation on the area is lost by evaporation from water and land surfaces and by transpirations from vegetative cover. A substantial part of this large annual water loss is from the many lakes and other exposed water surfaces and from contiguous lands where the depth to the water table is slight. Average annual water losses by evapotranspiration are equivalent to about 280 m.g.d. or nearly 6 times the combined withdrawal from all ground-water supplies in the area.The principal aquifers are the alluvial deposits bordering streams and the buried outwash deposits which represent alluvial fills in preglacial or interglacial stream channels. Intensive well developments in the urban areas have greatly lowered ground-water levels in the buried outwash deposits, have brought localized problems of declining well yield, and have induced migration of mineralized waters from the underlying consolidated formations. During 1952, withdrawals of ground water in the nine township area averages about 50 m.g.d., most of this quantity being pumped from municipal wells. This annual pumpage was distributed as follows: 60 percent in Pontiac and environs; 20 percent in Birmingham, Royal Oak and Troy Township; and the remaining 20 percent throughout the suburban and rural areas.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Idaho: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Idaho as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate Bureau of Land Management (BLM) State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the Mining Claim Recordation System (MCRS) database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Digital mining claim density map for federal lands in Oregon: 1996

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hyndman, Paul C.; Campbell, Harry W.

1999-01-01

This report describes a digital map generated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide digital spatial mining claim density information for federal lands in Oregon as of March 1997. Mining claim data is earth science information deemed to be relevant to the assessment of historic, current, and future ecological, economic, and social systems. There is no paper map included in this Open-File report. In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), all unpatented mining claims, mill and tunnel sites must be recorded at the appropriate Bureau of Land Management (BLM) State office. BLM maintains a cumulative computer listing of mining claims in the Mining Claim Recordation System (MCRS) database with locations given by meridian, township, range, and section. A mining claim is considered closed when the claim is relinquished or a formal BLM decision declaring the mining claim null and void has been issued and the appeal period has expired. All other mining claims filed with BLM are considered to be open and actively held. The digital map (figure 1.) with the mining claim density database available in this report are suitable for geographic information system (GIS)-based regional assessments at a scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.

Pumping tests of well Campbell et al. No. 2, Gila Hot Springs, Grant County, New Mexico

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwab, G.E.; Summers, W.K.; Colpitts, R.M. Jr.

1982-03-01

Well Campbell et al. No. 2 near Gila Hot Springs in southwestern New Mexico (Section 5, Township 13 South, Range 13 West) was pumped for a five-step test and a 48-hour constant-rate test during October 1981. Measurements included depth to water in the pumping well and two observation wells, and discharge rates at the pumping well and two springs. The water level in the pumping well responded during both tests. However, water-level changes in the observation wells were too small for analytical use and discharge rates from the springs showed no change. Chemical analyses of water samples collected from twomore » springs and the pumping well show very similar water chemistries. Estimates of hydraulic properties show transmissivity from 12,000 to 14,000 gpd/ft and a storativity of 0.05. Combining these parameters with well data gives the first-year optimum discharge rate as 50 gpm with 20 feet of drawdown. Pumping this well at 50 gpm for forty years should produce only small water-level changes in wells a few hundred feet away. It would diminish the flow of the springs, and for planning purposes the combined discharge of the springs and well should be considered constant.« less

Evaluation of geophysical logs and video surveys in boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania

USGS Publications Warehouse

Low, Dennis J.; Conger, Randall W.

1998-01-01

Between February 1998 and April 1998, geophysical logs were collected in nine boreholes adjacent to the Berkley Products Superfund Site, West Cocalico Township, Lancaster County, Pa. Video surveys were conducted on four of the nine boreholes. The boreholes range in depth from 320 to 508 feet below land surface, are completed open holes, have ambient vertical flow of water, and penetrate a series of interbedded siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate units. The purpose of collecting geophysical-log data was to help determine horizontal and vertical distribution of contaminated ground water migrating from known or suspected sources and to aid in the placement of permanent borehole packers. The primary contaminants were derived from paint waste that included pigment sludges and wash solvents. The chlorinated volatile organic compounds probably originated from the wash solvents.Caliper logs and video surveys were used to locate fractures; inflections on fluid-resistivity and fluid-temperature logs were used to locate possible water-bearing fractures. Heatpulse-flowmeter measurements were used to verify the locations of water-producing or water-receiving zones and to measure rates of flow between water-bearing fractures. Single-point-resistance and natural-gamma logs provided information on stratigraphy. After interpretation of geophysical logs, video surveys, and driller's logs, permanent multiple-packer systems were installed in each borehole to obtain depth specific water samples from one or more water-bearing fractures in each borehole.

Arsenic and metals in soils in the vicinity of the Imperial Oil Company Superfund Site, Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Water-resources investigations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barringer, J.L.; Szabo, Z.; Barringer, T.H.

1998-09-01

Concentrations of arsenic exceed the New Jersey State Cleanup Criterion of 20 parts per million in sandy and clay-rich soils of two residential areas in the vicinity of the Imperial Oil Company Superfund site in Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. In order to determine the source of the arsenic and metals in soils in the two residential areas, soil samples were collected from (1) long-term forested areas, to determine background geologic and regional atmospheric inputs of arsenic and metals; (2) former and current orchards, to assess the range of concentrations of arsenic and metals that could be contributed bymore » past use of pesticides; (3) the Imperial Oil Company Superfund site, to characterize the chemical composition of contamination from activities at the site; (4) a wooded area adjacent to the Superfund site, to determine whether arsenic and metals from the Superfund site were evident; and (5) the two residential areas, to compare soil chemistry in these areas with the chemistry of soils from forests, orchards, and the Superfund site. The soil samples were divided by soil horizon and were analyzed for 23 metals and metalloids, total organic carbon, and total sulfur. Additionally, air-flow models were used to determine whether roasting of arsenic at the Imperial Oil Company Superfund site was a possible source of arsenic in the soils.« less

[Hansen's disease in the northern region of Brazil--1986].

PubMed

Britto, R da S

1989-12-01

Some general facts about Hansen's Disease are presented: in the world, in the Americas, in 1986, with the purpose to focalize on the Northern Region of Brazil (Amazon Valley) where an attempt is made to specify, State, the clinical forms in the active registry, the respective coefficients of Prevalence, about the cases detected during the year, by clinical forms and the correspondent Coefficient of Incidence, the age range of less than 15 years, and above 15 years; and to analyze according to the township in the State of Amazonas in a series of 8 years, from 1979 to 1986, the registered cases under control and also without control, the new cases, by clinical form and Coefficient of Incidence, the positive cases among students in the capital and also in the country, and with more details, still by township and by Public Health Registry, in 1986, with the population, new cases, and Coefficient of Incidence, cases of the active registry, cases under control, Coefficient of Incidence, the relationship between patients/inhabitants, cases according to the decreasing intensity as far as the Prevalence and Health Department Regions: all this to give an idea, in detail, inclusive statistics, of the real position of Hansen's Disease in the Northern Region (Amazon Valley), with the highest figures of Prevalence and even of Incidence, in comparison with other Regions of the country, and to stress the grave situation of the endemic proportions of the disease, in Brazil in general and in that Regions, in particular.

Job satisfaction and its modeling among township health center employees: a quantitative study in poor rural China.

PubMed

Liu, Jun A; Wang, Qi; Lu, Zu X

2010-05-10

Job satisfaction is important to staff management of township health centers (THCs), as it is associated with organizational performance, quality of care and employee retention. The purpose of this study was to measure job satisfaction level of THC employees in poor rural China and to identify relevant features in order to provide policy advice on human resource development of health service institutions in poor regions. A self-completion questionnaire was used to assess the job satisfaction and relevant features (response rate: 90.5%) among 172 employees (i.e., clinic doctors, medico-technical workers and public health workers) of 17 THCs in Anhui and Xinjiang provinces of China. The study covered a time period of two months in 2007. The mean staff job satisfaction scored 83.3, which was in the category of "somewhat satisfied" on a scale ranging from 0 (extremely dissatisfied) to 100 (extremely satisfied) by employing Likert's transformation formula. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed eight domains involved in modeling of job satisfaction, among which, the caregivers were more satisfied with job significance (88.2), job competency (87.9) and teamwork (87.7), as compared with work reward (72.9) and working conditions (79.7). Mean job satisfaction in Xinjiang (89.7) was higher than that in Anhui (75.5). Employees of THCs have moderate job satisfactions in poor areas, which need to be raised further by improving their working conditions and reward.

Rural-to-Urban Migrants' Experiences with Primary Care under Different Types of Medical Institutions in Guangzhou, China

PubMed Central

Zeng, Jiazhi; Shi, Leiyu; Zou, Xia; Chen, Wen; Ling, Li

2015-01-01

Objectives China is facing the unprecedented challenge of rapidly increasing rural-to-urban migration. Migrants are in a vulnerable state when they attempt to access to primary care services. This study was designed to explore rural-to-urban migrants’ experiences in primary care, comparing their quality of primary care experiences under different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou, China. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional survey of 736 rural-to-urban migrants in Guangzhou, China in 2014. A validated Chinese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool—Adult Short Version (PCAT-AS), representing 10 primary care domains was used to collect information on migrants’ quality of primary care experiences. These domains include first contact (utilization), first contact (accessibility), ongoing care, coordination (referrals), coordination (information systems), comprehensiveness (services available), comprehensiveness (services provided), family-centeredness, community orientation and culturally competent. These measures were used to assess the quality of primary care performance as reported from patients’ perspective. Analysis of covariance was conducted for comparison on PCAT scores among migrants accessing primary care in tertiary hospitals, municipal hospitals, community health centers/community health stations, and township health centers/rural health stations. Multiple linear regression models were used to explore factors associated with PCAT total scores. Results After adjustments were made, migrants accessing primary care in tertiary hospitals (25.49) reported the highest PCAT total scores, followed by municipal hospitals (25.02), community health centers/community health stations (24.24), and township health centers/rural health stations (24.18). Tertiary hospital users reported significantly better performance in first contact (utilization), first contact (accessibility), coordination (information system), comprehensiveness (service available), and cultural competence. Community health center/community health station users reported significantly better experience in the community orientation domain. Township health center/rural health station users expressed significantly better experience in the ongoing care domain. There were no statistically significant differences across settings in the ongoing care, comprehensiveness (services provided), and family-centeredness domains. Multiple linear regression models showed that factors positively associated with higher PCAT total scores also included insurance covering parts of healthcare payment (P<0.001). Conclusions This study highlights the need for improvement in primary care provided by primary care institutions for rural-to-urban migrants. Relevant policies related to medical insurance should be implemented for providing affordable healthcare services for migrants accessing primary care. PMID:26474161

Mobility dynamics of migrant workers and their socio-behavioral parameters related to malaria in Tier II, Artemisinin Resistance Containment Zone, Myanmar.

PubMed

Hlaing, Thaung; Wai, Khin Thet; Oo, Tin; Sint, Nyan; Min, Tun; Myar, Shwe; Lon, Khin Nan; Naing, Myo Myint; Tun, Tet Toe; Maung, Nay Lin Yin; Galappaththy, Gawrie N L; Thimarsan, Krongthong; Wai, Tin Tin; Thaung, Lwin Ni Ni

2015-09-14

Areas with dynamic population movements are likely to be associated with higher levels of drug-resistant malaria. Myanmar Artemisinin Resistance Containment (MARC) Project has been launching since 2012. One of its components includes enhancing strategic approaches for mobile/migrant populations. We aimed to ascertain the estimated population of mobile migrant workers and their families in terms of stability in work setting in townships classified as tier II (areas with significant inflows of people from areas with credible evidence of artemisinin resistance) for Artemisinin resistance; to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices related to prevention and control of malaria and to recommend cost-effective strategies in planning for prevention and control of malaria. A prospective cross-sectional study conducted between June to December 2013 that covered 1,899 migrant groups from 16 tier II townships of Bago Region, and Kayin and Kayah States. Trained data collectors used a pre-tested and subsequently modified questionnaire and interviewed 2,381 respondents. Data of migrant groups were analyzed and compared by category depending upon the stability of their work setting. The estimated population of the 1,899 migrant groups categorized into three on the nature of their work setting was 56,030. Bago region was the commonest reported source of origin of migrant groups as well as their transit. Malaria volunteers were mostly within the reach of category 1 migrant groups (43/66, 65.2 %). Less stable migrant groups in category 3 had limited access to malaria information (14.7 %) and malaria care providers (22.1 %), low level of awareness and use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (46.6 and 38.8 %). Also, they had poor knowledge on malaria prevention on confirming suspected malaria and on using artemisinin combined therapy (ACT). Within two weeks prior to the survey, only 16.5 % of respondents in all categories combined reported acute undifferentiated fever. Mobility dynamics of migrant groups was complex and increased their vulnerability to malaria. This phenomenon was accentuated in less stable areas. Even though migrant workers were familiar with rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, ACT still needed wide recognition to improve practices supportive of MARC including the use of appropriate personal protection. High mobility calls for re-designation of tier II townships to optimize ACT resistance containment.

Feasibility Study & Design of Brightfield Solar Farm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Law, Susan

2014-09-28

This Congressionally Directed Project originally provided funds to the Township of Lower Providence, Pennsylvania for the purpose of investigating the potential for a renewable energy generation facility to make beneficial reuse of a closed landfill located within the Township, known as Moyer Landfill. Early in the course of the project, it was determined through collaboration and discussion with DOE to alter the scope of the project to include a feasibility assessment of a landfill solar project, as well as to construct a demonstration solar project at the municipal facilities to provide an educational and community outreach opportunity for the Townshipmore » to offer regarding solar photovoltaic (“PV”) electricity generation.« less

When HIV is ordinary and diabetes new: remaking suffering in a South African township.

PubMed

Mendenhall, Emily; Norris, Shane A

2015-01-01

Escalation of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among urban South African populations disproportionately afflicted by HIV/AIDS presents not only medical challenges but also new ways in which people understand and experience sickness. In Soweto, the psychological imprints of political violence of the Apartheid era and structural violence of HIV/AIDS have shaped social and health discourses. Yet, as NCDs increasingly become part of social and biomedical discussions in South African townships, new frames for elucidating sickness are emerging. This article employs the concept of syndemic suffering to critically examine how 27 women living with Type 2 diabetes in Soweto, a township adjacent to Johannesburg known for socio-economic mobility as well as inequality, experience and understand syndemic social and health problems. For example, women described how reconstructing families and raising grandchildren after losing children to AIDS was not only socially challenging but also affected how they ate, and how they accepted and managed their diabetes. Although previously diagnosed with diabetes, women illustrated how a myriad of social and health concerns shaped sickness. Many related diabetes treatment to shared AIDS nosologies, referring to diabetes as 'the same' or 'worse'. These narratives demonstrate how suffering weaves a social history where HIV becomes ordinary, and diabetes new.

Fumonisin B1 contamination of home-grown corn in high-risk areas for esophageal and liver cancer in China.

PubMed

Sun, Guiju; Wang, Shaokang; Hu, Xu; Su, Jianjia; Huang, Tianren; Yu, Jiahua; Tang, Lili; Gao, Weimin; Wang, Jia-Sheng

2007-02-01

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is reportedly the causative agent of several animal mycotoxicoses and has etiologically been linked to human oesophageal and liver cancer in certain areas of South Africa and China. To study a possible relationship between exposure to FB1 and human cancer risk, the current status of FB1 contamination in food samples in Huaian and Fusui, where incidences of oesophageal and liver cancer are amongst the highest in China, was investigated. A total of 259 corn samples were collected from individual households in five villages of different townships in Huaian during December 2001 and December 2002, and in four villages of different townships in Fusui during May 2001 and May 2002. Corn samples were also collected from individual households in two villages in Huantai, an area with low incidences of both cancers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoaffinity-HPLC methods were used for FB1 analysis. In corn samples from Huaian, FB1 was detectable in 95.7% (112/117) of the samples, with an average of 2.84 mg kg-1 (range 0.1-25.5 mg kg-1). FB1 was detected in 83.0% (78/94) of the Fusui samples, with an average of 1.27 mg kg-1 (range 0.1-14.9 mg kg-1), and in 83.3% (40/48) of Huantai samples, with an average of 0.65 mg kg-1 ranging from 0.1 to 5.7 mg kg-1. The level of FB1 in corn samples from Huaian was significantly higher than from Huantai (P < 0.001). In addition, 47 of 112 (42.0%) positive Huaian samples had FB1 level greater than 2.0 mg kg-1, which was significantly higher than 10.0% (4/40) of Huantai samples (P < 0.001). Furthermore, variations were found between samples collected in different years and different villages. The high contamination rates of FB1 found in food from these areas, along with previous reports, suggest a possible contributing role of FB1 in human esophageal- and hepato-carcinogenesis.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol-Serving Venues in a South African Township

PubMed Central

Watt, Melissa H.; Ranby, Krista W.; Meade, Christina S.; Sikkema, Kathleen J.; MacFarlane, Jessica C.; Skinner, Donald; Pieterse, Desiree; Kalichman, Seth C.

2012-01-01

Objective: South Africa has high rates of traumatic experiences and alcohol abuse or dependence, especially among women. Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with hazardous drinking. This article examines the relationship between traumatic events and hazardous drinking among women who patronized alcohol-serving venues in South Africa and examines PTSD as a mediator of this relationship. Method: A total of 560 women were recruited from a Cape Town township. They completed a computerized assessment that included alcohol consumption, history of traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis examined whether PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of traumatic event categories experienced (range: 0–7) and drinking behavior. Results: The mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score in the sample was 12.15 (range: 0–34, SD = 7.3), with 70.9% reaching criteria for hazardous drinking (AUDIT ≥ 8). The mean PTSD score was 36.32 (range: 17–85, SD = 16.3), with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version ≥ 50). Endorsement of traumatic experiences was high, including adult emotional (51.8%), physical (49.6%), and sexual (26.3%) abuse; childhood physical (35.0%) and sexual (25.9%) abuse; and other types of trauma (83%). All categories of traumatic experiences, except the “other” category, were associated with hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms mediated 46% of the relationship between the number of traumatic categories experienced and drinking behavior. Conclusions: Women reported high rates of hazardous drinking and high levels of PTSD symptoms, and most had some history of traumatic events. There was a strong relationship between traumatic exposure and drinking levels, which was largely mediated by PTSD symptoms. Substance use interventions should address histories of trauma in this population, where alcohol may be used in part to cope with past traumas. PMID:22630793

Malaria profiles and challenges in artemisinin resistance containment in Myanmar.

PubMed

Nwe, Thet Wai; Oo, Tin; Wai, Khin Thet; Zhou, Shuisen; van Griensven, Johan; Chinnakali, Palanivel; Shah, Safieh; Thi, Aung

2017-04-25

This study examined evolving malaria profiles from January, 2010 to December, 2014 to evaluate achievements and challenges of implementing measures to prevent and control spread of artemisinin resistance in Myanmar. Using National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) data, a cross-sectional descriptive study of 52 townships in artemisinin-resistant containment areas in Myanmar was conducted. Annual program data were analysed, and trends over time are graphically presented. In the 52 study townships populated by 8.7 million inhabitants, malaria incidence showed a decreasing trend from 10.54 per 1 000 population in 2010 to 2.53 in 2014, and malaria mortalities also decreased from 1.83 per 100 000 population in 2010 to 0.17 in 2014. The proportion of confirmed to total tested malaria cases also decreased from 6 to 1%, while identification of cases improved. All cases from all parasites species, including Plasmodium falciparum, decreased. Coverage of LLIN (long-lasting insecticidal net)/ITN (insecticide-treated mosquito nets) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) was high in targeted areas with at-risk persons, even though the total population was not covered. In addition to passive case detection (PCD), active case detection (ACD) was conducted in hard-to-reach areas and worksites where mobile migrant populations were present. ACD improved in most areas from 2012 to 2014, but continues to need to be strengthened. The findings provide useful data on the malaria situation in artemisinin-resistant initiative areas, which may be useful for the NMCP to meet its elimination goal. These profiles could contribute to better planning, implementation, and evaluation of intervention activities.

The effect of the National Essential Medicines Policy on health expenditures and service delivery in Chinese township health centres: evidence from a longitudinal study

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xin; Wu, Qunhong; Liu, Guoxiang; Li, Ye; Gao, Lijun; Guo, Bin; Fu, Wenqi; Hao, Yanhua; Cui, Yu; Huang, Weidong; Coyte, Peter C

2014-01-01

Objectives The government of China has introduced a National Essential Medicines Policy (NEMP) in the new round of health system reform. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether the NEMP can play a role in curbing the rise of medical expenditures without disrupting the availability of healthcare services at township hospitals in China. Design This study adopted a pre–post treatment-control study design. A difference-in-differences method and fixed-effects model for panel data were employed to estimate the effect of the NEMP. Setting Chongqing, Jiangsu and Henan Province, in China, in 2009 and 2010. Participants 296 township health centres. Outcome measures Outcomes for health expenditures were average outpatient drug expenses per visit, average inpatient drug expenses per discharged patient, average outpatient expenses per visit and average inpatient expenses per discharged patient. Outcomes for care delivery were the numbers of visits per certified doctor per day and the numbers of hospitalised patients per certified doctor per day. Results The township health centres that were enrolled in the NEMP reported 26% (p<0.01) lower drug expenditures for inpatient care. An 11% (p<0.05) decrease in average inpatient expenditures per discharged patient was found following the implementation of the NEMP. The impacts of the NEMP on average outpatient expenditures and outpatient drug expenditures were not statistically significant at the 5% level. No statistically significant associations were found between the NEMP and reduction in quantity of health service delivery. Conclusions The NEMP was significant in its effect in reducing inpatient medication and health service expenditures. This study shows no evidence that the quantity of healthcare service declined significantly after introduction of the NEMP over the study period, which suggests that if appropriate matching policies are introduced, the side effects of the NEMP can be counteracted to some degree. Further research including a long-term follow-up study is needed. PMID:25534214

Frac Sand Mines Are Preferentially Sited in Unzoned Rural Areas.

PubMed

Locke, Christina

2015-01-01

Shifting markets can cause unexpected, stochastic changes in rural landscapes that may take local communities by surprise. Preferential siting of new industrial facilities in poor areas or in areas with few regulatory restrictions can have implications for environmental sustainability, human health, and social justice. This study focuses on frac sand mining-the mining of high-quality silica sand used in hydraulic fracturing processes for gas and oil extraction. Frac sand mining gained prominence in the 2000s in the upper midwestern United States where nonmetallic mining is regulated primarily by local zoning. I asked whether frac sand mines were more commonly sited in rural townships without formal zoning regulations or planning processes than in those that undertook zoning and planning before the frac sand boom. I also asked if mine prevalence was correlated with socioeconomic differences across townships. After creating a probability surface to map areas most suitable for frac sand mine occurrence, I developed neutral landscape models from which to compare actual mine distributions in zoned and unzoned areas at three different spatial extents. Mines were significantly clustered in unzoned jurisdictions at the statewide level and in 7 of the 8 counties with at least three frac sand mines and some unzoned land. Subsequent regression analyses showed mine prevalence to be uncorrelated with land value, tax rate, or per capita income, but correlated with remoteness and zoning. The predicted mine count in unzoned townships was over two times higher than that in zoned townships. However, the county with the most mines by far was under a county zoning ordinance, perhaps indicating industry preferences for locations with clear, homogenous rules over patchwork regulation. Rural communities can use the case of frac sand mining as motivation to discuss and plan for sudden land-use predicaments, rather than wait to grapple with unfamiliar legal processes during a period of intense conflict.

Frac Sand Mines Are Preferentially Sited in Unzoned Rural Areas

PubMed Central

Locke, Christina

2015-01-01

Shifting markets can cause unexpected, stochastic changes in rural landscapes that may take local communities by surprise. Preferential siting of new industrial facilities in poor areas or in areas with few regulatory restrictions can have implications for environmental sustainability, human health, and social justice. This study focuses on frac sand mining—the mining of high-quality silica sand used in hydraulic fracturing processes for gas and oil extraction. Frac sand mining gained prominence in the 2000s in the upper midwestern United States where nonmetallic mining is regulated primarily by local zoning. I asked whether frac sand mines were more commonly sited in rural townships without formal zoning regulations or planning processes than in those that undertook zoning and planning before the frac sand boom. I also asked if mine prevalence was correlated with socioeconomic differences across townships. After creating a probability surface to map areas most suitable for frac sand mine occurrence, I developed neutral landscape models from which to compare actual mine distributions in zoned and unzoned areas at three different spatial extents. Mines were significantly clustered in unzoned jurisdictions at the statewide level and in 7 of the 8 counties with at least three frac sand mines and some unzoned land. Subsequent regression analyses showed mine prevalence to be uncorrelated with land value, tax rate, or per capita income, but correlated with remoteness and zoning. The predicted mine count in unzoned townships was over two times higher than that in zoned townships. However, the county with the most mines by far was under a county zoning ordinance, perhaps indicating industry preferences for locations with clear, homogenous rules over patchwork regulation. Rural communities can use the case of frac sand mining as motivation to discuss and plan for sudden land-use predicaments, rather than wait to grapple with unfamiliar legal processes during a period of intense conflict. PMID:26136238

Improving malaria knowledge and practices in rural Myanmar through a village health worker intervention: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Lwin, Moh Moh; Sudhinaraset, May; San, Aung Kyaw; Aung, Tin

2014-01-04

Since 2008 the Sun Primary Health (SPH) franchise programme has networked and branded community health workers in rural Myanmar to provide high quality malaria information and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to compare the malaria knowledge level and health practices of individuals in SPH intervention areas to individuals without SPH intervention This study uses data from a cross-sectional household survey of 1,040 individuals living in eight rural townships to compare the knowledge level of individuals in SPH intervention areas to individuals without SPH intervention. This study found that the presence of a SPH provider in the community is associated with increased malaria knowledge and higher likelihood of going to trained providers for fevers. Furthermore, the study found a dose-response, where the longer the duration of the programme in a community, the greater the community knowledge level. The study suggests that community health workers might have significant impact on malaria-related mortality and morbidity in rural Myanmar.

[Spatio-temporal process and the influencing factors on influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Changsha].

PubMed

Xiao, Hong; Tian, Huai-yu; Zhao, Jian; Zhang, Xi-xing; Zhu, Pei-juan; Liu, Ru-chun; Chen, Tian-mu

2011-06-01

To analyze the spatio-temporal process on 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Changsha and the influencing factors during the diffusion process. Data were from the following 5 sources, influenza A (H1N1) pandemic gathered in 2009, Geographic Information System (GIS) of Changsha, the broad range of theorems and techniques of hot spot analysis, spatio-temporal process analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Hot spot areas appeared to be more in the economically developed areas, such as cities and townships. The cluster of spatial-temporal distribution of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic was most likely appearing in Liuyang city (RR = 22.70, P < 0.01). The secondary cluster would include districts as Yuelu (RR = 6.49, P < 0.01), Yuhua (RR = 81.63, P < 0.01). Xingsha township appeared as the center in the Changsha county (RR = 2.90, P < 0.01) while townships as Yutangping (RR = 19.31, P < 0.01), Chengjiao (RR = 73.14, P < 0.01) and Longtian appeared as the center in the west of Ningxiang county (RR = 14.43, P < 0.01) and Wushan as the center in the Wangcheng county (RR = 13.84, P < 0.01). As time went on, the epidemic moved towards the eastern and more developed regions. Regarding factor analysis, population, the amount of students, geographic relationship and business activities etc. appeared to be the key elements influencing the transmission of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. At the beginning of the epidemic, population density served as the main factor (r = 0.477, P < 0.05) but during the initial and fast growing stages, it was replaced by the size of students to serve as the important indicator (r = 0.831, P < 0.01; r = 0.518, P < 0.01). However, during the peak of the epidemics, the business activities played an important role (r = -0.676, P < 0.01). Groups under high risk and districts with high incidence rates were shifting, along with the temporal process of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, suggesting that the protection measures need to be adjusted, according to the significance of influencing factors at different stages.

[Comprehensive evaluation of protective measures in electric welding].

PubMed

Ye, K; Zhao, Z

1995-03-01

Protective effects of safety masks, eyewear, work clothes, gloves, periodically physical examination system, and ventilation and barriers at workplace, were evaluated by one-way analysis for handtorch welding, carbon dioxide gas-protective welding, and argon-arc welding operations, etc. in township and village enterprises and state-owned enterprises by interviewing managers in the departments of technology and work safety and field investigating. Based on the results of one-way analysis of protective measures, comprehensive evaluations of various enterprises were made with a fussy mathematical model. Both enterprises in township and village level and of state-owned were graded as A on a basis of the evaluation, which will be helpful to the better management of occupational health in the future.

Digital recovery of 19th century surveys in Tampa Bay, Florida: Topographic charts and Public Land Surveys

USGS Publications Warehouse

Raabe, Ellen A.; Roy, Laura C.; McIvor, Carole C.; Gleim, Andrew D.

2012-01-01

Recovery of historic data to a digital setting adresses the need for data integration through time, bridging technical gaps and differences. The goal of this study was to evaluate a marsh-to-mangrove conversion spanning 125 years and the implications for present coastal-resource management (Yates and others, 2011; Raabe and others, 2012). The U.S. Geological Survey in St. Petersburg, Fla., georectified and digitized 1870s T-sheets at four Tampa Bay locations that still supported coastal wetlands in 2000 (table 1). Nineteenth century Public Land Surveys of Township and Range lines were also digitized for each site, as a secondary data source to verify historic landscape features (table 2).

“This Will Not Enter Me”: Painful Anal Intercourse among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in South African Townships

PubMed Central

Collier, Kate L.; Sandfort, Theo G.M.; Reddy, Vasu; Lane, Tim

2014-01-01

Little is known about painful receptive anal intercourse (RAI) and its relationship to HIV risk and protective behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this study was to identify attributions for and responses to painful RAI among Black MSM in South African townships. In-depth interviews were conducted with 81 Black MSM (ages 20–39 years) who were purposively recruited from four townships. The semi-structured interviews addressed sexual behavior and identity, alcohol use, and safer sex. Pain during RAI was brought up by many participants without specific prompting from the interviewer. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that pain was a common feature of first RAI experiences but was not limited to first-time experiences. The participants attributed pain during RAI to partner characteristics, interpersonal dynamics, lack of lubricant, and alcohol use or non-use. The main strategies participants used to address pain during RAI were setting sexual boundaries and lubricant use; a small number of participants reported purposefully consuming alcohol to prevent the pain associated with RAI. Black South African MSM can be supported to reduce pain during RAI in ways that reduce their HIV/STI risk. Culturally-specific sexual health education, supportive sexual health services, and improved access to condom-compatible lubricants are important components of HIV/STI interventions for this population. PMID:25257257

'They think that gays have money': gender identity and transactional sex among Black men who have sex with men in four South African townships.

PubMed

Masvawure, Tsitsi B; Sandfort, Theo G M; Reddy, Vasu; Collier, Kate L; Lane, Tim

2015-01-01

Transactional sex has not been studied much among men who have sex with men in Africa. Consequently, little is understood about attitudes towards the practice, the circumstances that give rise to it or how transactional sex relationships are managed. We conducted in-depth interviews with 81 Black men aged 20-44 from four low-resourced townships in Tshwane, South Africa. We found that transactional sex was a widely used strategy for initiating and sustaining relationships with regular and casual partners, and was motivated by both the need for subsistence and for consumption. Alcohol-based exchanges in particular provided men in the townships with a covert and safe platform to communicate erotic, sexual and romantic attraction to other men, and bars and other drinking places were a popular venue for meeting potential sexual partners. The majority of 'feminine-identifying' men had engaged in transactional sex as the providers of money and material goods compared to men who identified as either 'masculine' or as 'both masculine and feminine'. Surprisingly, however, this did not necessarily give them greater control in these relationships. Our study provides an initial foray into a complex sociosexual phenomenon and suggests that gender identity is an important construct for understanding transactional sex relationships among men in Africa.

"This will not enter me": painful anal intercourse among Black men who have sex with men in South African townships.

PubMed

Collier, Kate L; Sandfort, Theo G M; Reddy, Vasu; Lane, Tim

2015-02-01

Little is known about painful receptive anal intercourse (RAI) and its relationship to HIV risk and protective behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). The purpose of this study was to identify attributions for and responses to painful RAI among Black MSM in South African townships. In-depth interviews were conducted with 81 Black MSM (ages 20-39 years) who were purposively recruited from four townships. The semi-structured interviews addressed sexual behavior and identity, alcohol use, and safer sex. Pain during RAI was brought up by many participants without specific prompting from the interviewer. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that pain was a common feature of first RAI experiences but was not limited to first-time experiences. The participants attributed pain during RAI to partner characteristics, interpersonal dynamics, lack of lubricant, and alcohol use or non-use. The main strategies participants used to address pain during RAI were setting sexual boundaries and lubricant use; a small number of participants reported purposefully consuming alcohol to prevent the pain associated with RAI. Black South African MSM can be supported to reduce pain during RAI in ways that reduce their HIV/STI risk. Culturally specific sexual health education, supportive sexual health services, and improved access to condom-compatible lubricants are important components of HIV/STI interventions for this population.

'We go to the bush to prove that we are also men': traditional circumcision and masculinity in the accounts of men who have sex with men in township communities in South Africa.

PubMed

Lynch, Ingrid; Clayton, Matthew

2017-03-01

In predominantly isiXhosa-speaking township communities in South Africa, men who have sex with men negotiate their identities and sexual practices alongside heteronormative cultural scripts of what it means to be a man. Such idealised notions of masculinity are predicated on the selective appropriation of cultural practices that preserve (heterosexual) male privilege and power. In this paper, we explore the identity work done by men who have sex with men, with particular reference to male circumcision as a cultural practice widely drawn on to inform and regulate normative masculinity. Through a narrative-discursive analysis of the accounts provided by men who have sex with men from township communities, we highlight how participants' dissident sexualities are constructed as compromising their masculine identities. Participating in cultural practices such as traditional circumcision aligns participants to the idealised forms of masculinity that afford men full citizenship in their communities. Study findings suggest that sexual dissidence is less troubling to participants than deviating from gendered markers of hegemonic masculinity, and point to ways in which marginalised men might have an interest in maintaining the dominant gendered order. We conclude with implications for research and programmatic work with gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men.

The Rural-Urban Difference in BMI and Anemia among Children and Adolescents.

PubMed

Zou, Yan; Zhang, Rong-Hua; Xia, Shi-Chang; Huang, Li-Chun; Fang, Yue-Qiang; Meng, Jia; Chen, Jiang; Zhang, He-Xiang; Zhou, Biao; Ding, Gang-Qiang

2016-10-18

There is growing concern over the double burden of over- and under-nutrition in individuals, especially in children and adolescents, which could dwarf their growth and development. This study aims to explore the rural-urban difference in BMI and anemia among children and adolescents. A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed. Dietary data were collected through interviews, and anthropometric values were measured. There were 1534 children and adolescents who participated in this study, including 775 male and 759 female participants. The prevalence of obesity among children living in a city, township and rural area was 10.3%, 8.5% and 5.5%, and that among adolescents was 1.4%, 2.9% and 2.8%. The prevalence of anemia among children and living in a city, township and rural area was 4.3%, 2.5% and 4.5%, while that among adolescents was 6.1%, 3.7% and 11.3%, respectively, with significant difference (χ² = 10.824, p = 0.004). The prevalence of being overweight, obesity and anemia was significant when comparing children with adolescents (χ² = 37.861, p = 0.000; χ² = 19.832, p = 0.000; χ² = 8.611, p = 0.003). Findings of this study indicate the double burden of malnutrition in Zhejiang province, characterized by a high prevalence of being overweight, obesity and anemia among children and a high prevalence of anemia among adolescents living in townships.

Study on mobility-disadvantage group' risk perception and coping behaviors of abrupt geological hazards in coastal rural area of China.

PubMed

Pan, Anping

2016-07-01

China is a country highly vulnerable to abrupt geological hazards. The present study aims to investigate disaster preparedness and perception of abrupt geological disasters (such as rock avalanches, landslide, mud-rock flows etc) in mobility-disadvantage group living in coastal rural area of China. This research is to take into account all factors regarding disasters and to design the questionnaires accordingly. Two debris flow vulnerable townships are selected as study areas including Hedi Township in Qinyuan County and Xianxi Township in Yueqing City which are located in East China's Zhejiang Province. SPSS was applied to conduct descriptive analysis, which results in an effective empirical model for evacuation behavior of the disable groups. The result of this study shows mobility-disadvantage groups' awareness on disaster prevention and mitigation is poor and their knowledge about basic theory and emergency response is limited. Errors and distortions in public consciousness on disaster prevention and mitigation stimulate the development of areas with frequent disasters, which will expose more life and property to danger and aggravate the vulnerability of hazard bearing body. In conclusion, before drafting emergency planning, the government should consider more the disable group's expectations and actual evacuation behavior than the request of the situation to ensure the planning is good to work. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

‘They think that gays have money’: Gender identity and transactional sex among black men who have sex with men in four South African townships

PubMed Central

Masvawure, Tsitsi B.; Sandfort, Theo G. M.; Reddy, Vasu; Collier, Kate L.; Lane, Tim

2015-01-01

Transactional sex has not been studied much among men who have sex with men in Africa. Consequently, little is understood about attitudes towards the practice, the circumstances that give rise to it, or how transactional sex relationships are managed. We conducted in-depth interviews with 81 black men aged 20–44 from four low-resourced townships in Tshwane, South Africa. Transactional sex was a widely used strategy for initiating and sustaining relationships with regular and casual partners, and was motivated by both the need for subsistence and for consumption. Alcohol-based exchanges, in particular, provided men in the townships with a covert and safe platform to communicate erotic, sexual and romantic attraction to other men and bars and other drinking places were a popular venue for meeting potential sexual partners. The majority of ‘feminine-identifying’ men had engaged in transactional sex as the providers of money and material goods compared to men who identified as either ‘masculine’ or as ‘both masculine and feminine’. Surprisingly, however, this did not necessarily give them greater control in these relationships. Our study provides an initial foray into a complex socio-sexual phenomenon and suggests that gender identity is an important construct for understanding transactional sex relationships among men in Africa. PMID:25714033

Costs of polio immunization days in China: implications for mass immunization campaign strategies.

PubMed

Zhang, J; Yu, J J; Zhang, R Z; Zhang, X L; Zhou, J; Wing, J S; Schnur, A; Wang, K A

1998-01-01

Ten provinces of China were selected to estimate the cost per immunization of the 1994-95 national immunization days (NIDs) at five levels (e.g. province, prefecture, county, township and village). Personnel costs accounted for the largest overall share of costs (39 per cent), followed by publicity and promotion costs (27 per cent), and logistic costs (15 per cent). Without consideration of vaccine costs, the major part of NID expenses were shouldered at the township level, which paid for 47 per cent of all incremental costs, while county and village level covered 28 per cent and 18 per cent respectively. Estimation of average costs per immunization was 2.86 RMB yuan, or $0.34, including vaccine costs, buildings and equipment amortization and salaries at all levels. The factors affecting average cost of NID included the output volume, socio-economic development and geographic features. Various approaches were recommended: to intensify the productivity of time and staff, to employ alternative inexpensive manpower resources, to make the best use of publicity and social promotion, the expansion of the age groups and utilization of multi-intervention strategies. Good planning at township level was a decisive factor to ensure an effective NID conducted in an efficient manner. The average cost of China's NID was the lowest among all mass immunization campaigns ever documented. Much of the reduced average cost was attributable to economies of scale.

Newly discovered Paleocene and Eocene rocks near Fairfield, California, and correlation with rocks in Vaca Valley and the so-called Martinez Formation or Stage

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brabb, Earl E.; Ristau, Donn; Bukry, David; McDougall, Kristin; Almgren, Alvin A.; Saul, LouElla; Sanfilippo, Annika

2008-01-01

Discovery of a 3-foot thick sandstone bed with abundant Turritellid gastropods of late Paleocene age about 4 miles northeast of Fairfield and on the southwest flank of Cement Hill, Solano County provides an opportunity to reevaluate the relationships of lower Tertiary formations in this part of California. Cement Hill is named for travertine deposits in and on top of sandstone of Late Cretaceous age. In this report, the current study area where the Paleocene fossils were recently discovered is referred to as lower Cement Hill and is located in section 7 of the U.S. Geological Survey Fairfield North 7.5-minute quadrangle, Township 5 North, Range 1 West. Lower Cement Hill is about 23 miles north of the so-called Martinez 'formation' or stage area (Weaver and others, 1941) of late Paleocene age near Martinez. The Martinez 'formation' and stage have played a significant role in the development of early Tertiary stratigraphy in this part of California. The discovery of correlative rocks at Cement Hill was unsuspected and may be helpful in defining the extent of this so-called formation or stage. Coccolith identification and correlations are by David Bukry, foraminifer identifications and correlations by Alvin Almgren and Kristin McDougall, gastropod identification and correlation by LouElla Saul, and Radiolaria identifications and correlations are by Annika Sanfilippo.

Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Higgins Farm, Franklin Township, Somerset County, NJ. (Second remedial action), September 1992. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The 75-acre Higgins Farm site is a former cattle farm in Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey. During the 1960's, municipal sludge and penicillin waste were used as fertilizers on Higgins Farm. The site also contains three holding tanks and drums containing material removed from previous remedial investigations. In 1986, the owner excavated 50 containers, including drums; however, during excavation activities, some of the containers were punctured and their contents spilled onto the ground. The ROD addresses the final action for ground water to limit future migration of contaminated ground water to offsite areas, as OU2. The primary contaminants ofmore » concern affecting the ground water are VOCs, including benzene, PCE, TCE, and xylene.« less

Short-term differences in drug prices after implementation of the national essential medicines system: A case study in rural Jiangxi Province, China.

PubMed

Wang, Junyong; Liu, Xia; Wang, Suzhen; Chen, Heli; Wang, Xun; Zhou, Wei; Wang, Li; Zhu, Yanchen; Zheng, Xianping; Hao, Mo

2015-01-01

China's 2009 national essential medicine system (NEMS) was designed to reduce prices through a zero-markup policy and a centralized bidding system. To analyze NEMS's short-term impact on drug prices, we estimated the retail and wholesale prices before and after the reform at health institutions in rural Jiangxi Province. We undertook two cross-sectional surveys of prices of 39 medicines in November 2008 and May 2010, calculated inflation adjusted prices, and used the Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank-sum tests to examine price changes at different health institutions. Retail prices at pilot (P < 0.01) and nonpilot (P < 0.01) township health centers decreased significantly, whereas the declines at retail pharmacies (P = 0.57) and village clinics (P = 0.29) were insignificant. The decline at pilot township health centers was the largest, compared with other kinds of health institutions (P < 0.01). Retail prices of essential and non-essential medicines declined significantly at pilot facilities (P < 0.05); price drops for non-essential medicines occurred only at pilot facilities (P < 0.05). No significant decline of wholesale prices were found at pilot (P = 0.86) and nonpilot units (P = 0.18), retail pharmacies (P = 0.18), and village clinics (P = 0.20). The wholesale prices changes at pilot units before and after the reform were higher than at nonpilot public units (P < 0.05), retail pharmacies (P < 0.05), and village clinics (P < 0.05). While the NEMS zero-markup policy significantly reduced retail prices at pilot health institutions, the centralized bidding system was insufficient to lower wholesale prices. A drug price management system should be constructed to control medicine prices and a long-term price information system is needed to monitor price changes.

Knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) and risk factors analysis related to cystic echinococcosis among residents in Tibetan communities, Xiahe County, Gansu Province, China.

PubMed

Li, Dan; Gao, Qi; Liu, Jian; Feng, Yu; Ning, Wenhua; Dong, Yanqing; Tao, Lixin; Li, Jingyi; Tian, Xiujun; Gu, Junchao; Xin, Deli

2015-07-01

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a global parasitic zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is highly endemic in western China, especially in Tibetan areas, because of poor economic development and hygiene conditions, limited community knowledge of CE, a large scale of dogs, and home slaughtering of livestock. Although many researchers have analyzed risk factors of CE transmission in Tibetan Plateau, there are rare reports of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of residents about CE in Tibetan communities. In our current study, community based cross-sectional study was conducted in three townships in Xiahe County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures of Gansu Province from May to September 2013. A total of 972 participants originating from Tibetan communities of 31 villages in the 3 townships were registered and data were collected using structured questionnaires. From the total of 972 study participants (457 males and 515 females), 65.9% heard of the disease CE. Most of them (96.1%) would like to accept CE inspection. About half of the peoples feed their dogs often and major of them do not play with the dogs. Risk factors included resident, knowing dog could be infected, knowing eating could be route of infection, oldest dog's age, usually feed your dog by self, feed dogs with internal organs. In general our findings showed that most of residents had positive attitude toward treatments of the disease, but their practice about disease prevention and control was low. Therefore, our study called for continued and strengthened education of changing the life style, especially the behaviors related to dogs. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

GIS-based evaluation and spatial distribution characteristics of land degradation in Bijiang watershed.

PubMed

Zhao, Xiaoqing; Dai, Jinhua; Wang, Jianping

2013-01-01

Land degradation is one of the significant issues the human beings are confronted with, which has become a bottleneck of restricting the sustainable development of the regional society and economy. In order to ascertain the root causes contributed to the land degradation and characteristics of land degradation, Bijiang watershed, the most important Lead-Zinc mine area of Lanping county of Yunnan Province, was selected as the study area. One evaluation index system for land degradation that consists of 5 single factors(water-soil erosion intensity, geological disaster risk, cultivation intensity of arable land, pollution of heavy metals in soil and biodiversity deterioration) was established and 13 indicators were chosen, and the entropy method was adopted to assign weights to each single factor. By using the tools of Geographic Information System (GIS), the land degradation degree was evaluated and one spatial distribution map for land degradation was accomplished. In this study, the land of the whole watershed was divided into 4 types, including extremely-severe degradation area, severely-degraded area, moderately-degraded area and slightly-degraded area, and some solutions for ecological restoration and rehabilitation were also put forward in this study. The study results indicated that: (1) Water-soil erosion intension and pollution of heavy metals in soil have made greater contribution to the comprehensive land degradation in Bijiang watershed; (2) There is an apparent difference regarding land degradation degree in Bijiang watershed. The moderately-degraded area accounts for the most part in the region, which covers 79.66% of the whole watershed. The severely-degraded area accounts for 15.98% and the slightly-degraded regions and extremely severe degradation area accounts for 1.08% and 3.28% respectively; (3) There is an evident regularity of spatial distribution in land degradation in Bijiang watershed. The moderately-degraded areas mainly distribute in the most part of the mid-stream and down-stream, the slightly-degraded areas distribute in the mid-stream, the severely-degraded areas distribute in the upstream and south-west part of down-stream, the extremely severe degradation areas distribute in the east and middle part of the upstream; (4)From the administrative division viewpoint, the slightly-degraded areas primarily distribute in Jiancao township, Baishi town and Nuodeng town. The moderately-degraded areas distribute in Changxin township, Baofeng township, Jiancao township, Baishi town and Nuodeng town. The severely-degraded areas distribute in Jinding town, Baofeng township and Lajing town. The extremely severe degradation areas distribute in Jinding town. By connecting the spatial distribution mode for land degradation with other natural, economical elements, we drew a conclusion that the pollution in heavy metals in soil, serious water erosion and geological disasters are the main causes of the land degradation in Bijiang watershed.

Changes in work behavior during pregnancy in rural Anhui, China from 2001-03 to 2009: a population based cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Neupane, Subas; Nwaru, Bright I; Wu, Zhuochun; Hemminki, Elina

2016-07-08

In low- and middle-income countries, many women continue working later into pregnancy. In our recent study on some areas in rural China, most women stopped working already during the first trimester (≤3 months) of pregnancy. In this paper we aimed to explore whether stopping work during early pregnancy has changed over an 8 year period (between 2001-03 and 2009); we also studied whether the reasons for stopping work early were the same in the two time periods. A population-based cross-sectional survey with a representative sample of new mothers was carried out in one rural county in Anhui Province in 2001-03 (N = 1479 respondents) and in two other rural counties in 2009 (N = 1574 respondents). Both surveys were used to evaluate prenatal care interventions not related to work behavior. The surveys targeted all women who had recently given birth. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used to examine the determinants of work behavior in the two time periods. There was a big change in the working behavior between the two survey years: in the period 2001-03 6 % and in 2009, 53 % of pregnant women stopped working at ≤3 months (percentage change 839, 95 % CI -15.90 to 1694.49). In 2001-03, 30 % and in 2009, 23 % of pregnant women worked the same as before pregnancy (percentage change -22.30, 95 % CI -90.28 to 45.68). In both time periods women with two children were less likely to stop work at ≤3 months of pregnancy. Non-farmers were more likely in 2001-03 but less likely in 2009 to stop work at ≤3 months of pregnancy. Women with medium township-level income were more likely to maintain the same level of work as before pregnancy in 2001-03, while in 2009 women with high township-level income were less likely to work the same. Stopping work very early during pregnancy appeared to have become very common from 2001-3 to 2009 in rural Anhui, China and was not explained by women's background characteristics.

75 FR 59192 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... of Perry, downstream of the Township of Toby. confluence with Black Fox Run. Approximately 480 feet... No. 97.022, ``Flood Insurance.'') Dated: September 13, 2010. Sandra K. Knight, Deputy Federal...

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, Cervin Robinson, Photographer August, 1958 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Historic American Buildings Survey, Cervin Robinson, Photographer August, 1958 FIREPLACE WALL ON SECOND FLOOR. - Kaufman Small House, State Route 662 vicinity (Oley Township), Oley, Berks County, PA

The effect of the National Essential Medicines Policy on health expenditures and service delivery in Chinese township health centres: evidence from a longitudinal study.

PubMed

Zhang, Xin; Wu, Qunhong; Liu, Guoxiang; Li, Ye; Gao, Lijun; Guo, Bin; Fu, Wenqi; Hao, Yanhua; Cui, Yu; Huang, Weidong; Coyte, Peter C

2014-12-22

The government of China has introduced a National Essential Medicines Policy (NEMP) in the new round of health system reform. The objective of this paper is to analyse whether the NEMP can play a role in curbing the rise of medical expenditures without disrupting the availability of healthcare services at township hospitals in China. This study adopted a pre-post treatment-control study design. A difference-in-differences method and fixed-effects model for panel data were employed to estimate the effect of the NEMP. Chongqing, Jiangsu and Henan Province, in China, in 2009 and 2010. 296 township health centres. Outcomes for health expenditures were average outpatient drug expenses per visit, average inpatient drug expenses per discharged patient, average outpatient expenses per visit and average inpatient expenses per discharged patient. Outcomes for care delivery were the numbers of visits per certified doctor per day and the numbers of hospitalised patients per certified doctor per day. The township health centres that were enrolled in the NEMP reported 26% (p<0.01) lower drug expenditures for inpatient care. An 11% (p<0.05) decrease in average inpatient expenditures per discharged patient was found following the implementation of the NEMP. The impacts of the NEMP on average outpatient expenditures and outpatient drug expenditures were not statistically significant at the 5% level. No statistically significant associations were found between the NEMP and reduction in quantity of health service delivery. The NEMP was significant in its effect in reducing inpatient medication and health service expenditures. This study shows no evidence that the quantity of healthcare service declined significantly after introduction of the NEMP over the study period, which suggests that if appropriate matching policies are introduced, the side effects of the NEMP can be counteracted to some degree. Further research including a long-term follow-up study is needed. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Community-based MDR-TB care project improves treatment initiation in patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in Myanmar

PubMed Central

Shewade, Hemant Deepak; Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu; Thein, Saw; Si Thu, Aung; Kyaw, Khine Wut Yee; Aye, Nyein Nyein; Phyo, Aye Mon; Maung, Htet Myet Win; Soe, Kyaw Thu; Aung, Si Thu

2018-01-01

Background The Union in collaboration with national TB programme (NTP) started the community-based MDR-TB care (CBMDR-TBC) project in 33 townships of upper Myanmar to improve treatment initiation and treatment adherence. Patients with MDR-TB diagnosed/registered under NTP received support through the project staff, in addition to the routine domiciliary care provided by NTP staff. Each township had a project nurse exclusively for MDR-TB and 30 USD per month (max. for 4 months) were provided to the patient as a pre-treatment support. Objectives To assess whether CBMDR-TBC project’s support improved treatment initiation. Methods In this cohort study (involving record review) of all diagnosed MDR-TB between January 2015 and June 2016 in project townships, CBMDR-TBC status was categorized as “receiving support” if date of project initiation in patient’s township was before the date of diagnosis and “not receiving support”, if otherwise. Cox proportional hazards regression (censored on 31 Dec 2016) was done to identify predictors of treatment initiation. Results Of 456 patients, 57% initiated treatment: 64% and 56% among patients “receiving support (n = 208)” and “not receiving support (n = 228)” respectively (CBMDR-TBC status was not known in 20 (4%) patients due to missing diagnosis dates). Among those initiated on treatment (n = 261), median (IQR) time to initiate treatment was 38 (20, 76) days: 31 (18, 50) among patients “receiving support” and 50 (26,101) among patients “not receiving support”. After adjusting other potential confounders (age, sex, region, HIV, past history of TB treatment), patients “receiving support” had 80% higher chance of initiating treatment [aHR (0.95 CI): 1.8 (1.3, 2.3)] when compared to patients “not receiving support”. In addition, age 15–54 years, previous history of TB and being HIV negative were independent predictors of treatment initiation. Conclusion Receiving support under CBMDR-TBC project improved treatment initiation: it not only improved the proportion initiated but also reduced time to treatment initiation. We also recommend improved tracking of all diagnosed patients as early as possible. PMID:29596434

Community-based MDR-TB care project improves treatment initiation in patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in Myanmar.

PubMed

Wai, Pyae Phyo; Shewade, Hemant Deepak; Kyaw, Nang Thu Thu; Thein, Saw; Si Thu, Aung; Kyaw, Khine Wut Yee; Aye, Nyein Nyein; Phyo, Aye Mon; Maung, Htet Myet Win; Soe, Kyaw Thu; Aung, Si Thu

2018-01-01

The Union in collaboration with national TB programme (NTP) started the community-based MDR-TB care (CBMDR-TBC) project in 33 townships of upper Myanmar to improve treatment initiation and treatment adherence. Patients with MDR-TB diagnosed/registered under NTP received support through the project staff, in addition to the routine domiciliary care provided by NTP staff. Each township had a project nurse exclusively for MDR-TB and 30 USD per month (max. for 4 months) were provided to the patient as a pre-treatment support. To assess whether CBMDR-TBC project's support improved treatment initiation. In this cohort study (involving record review) of all diagnosed MDR-TB between January 2015 and June 2016 in project townships, CBMDR-TBC status was categorized as "receiving support" if date of project initiation in patient's township was before the date of diagnosis and "not receiving support", if otherwise. Cox proportional hazards regression (censored on 31 Dec 2016) was done to identify predictors of treatment initiation. Of 456 patients, 57% initiated treatment: 64% and 56% among patients "receiving support (n = 208)" and "not receiving support (n = 228)" respectively (CBMDR-TBC status was not known in 20 (4%) patients due to missing diagnosis dates). Among those initiated on treatment (n = 261), median (IQR) time to initiate treatment was 38 (20, 76) days: 31 (18, 50) among patients "receiving support" and 50 (26,101) among patients "not receiving support". After adjusting other potential confounders (age, sex, region, HIV, past history of TB treatment), patients "receiving support" had 80% higher chance of initiating treatment [aHR (0.95 CI): 1.8 (1.3, 2.3)] when compared to patients "not receiving support". In addition, age 15-54 years, previous history of TB and being HIV negative were independent predictors of treatment initiation. Receiving support under CBMDR-TBC project improved treatment initiation: it not only improved the proportion initiated but also reduced time to treatment initiation. We also recommend improved tracking of all diagnosed patients as early as possible.

9. Photocopy of 1881 engraving from Futhey and Cope, History ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of 1881 engraving from Futhey and Cope, History of Chester County, Pennsylvania 1881 ENGRAVING OF EXTERIOR - Cedarcroft, Bayard Drive (East Marlborough Township), Kennett Square, Chester County, PA

76 FR 3531 - Final Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

... proof Flood Insurance Study and FIRM available at the address cited below for each community. The BFEs... (All Jurisdictions) Docket No.: FEMA-B-1085 Duck Lake Entire shoreline within +930 Township of Clarence...

75 FR 5890 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

...; May 19, 1992, Reg; February 17, 2010, Susp. Ross, Township of, 260624 July 24, 1975, ......do Do.... Evanston, City of, Uinta 560054 March 23, 1977, ......do Do. County. Emerg; January 15, 1988, Reg; February...

77 FR 66609 - Twenty-Fifth Update of the Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

.... Middle Island Light Station..... Middle Island...... Alpena Township.... MI 49707 Homeland Security... 48740 Homeland Security.. Other 17 Scenic Road. Thunder Bay Island Light Station Michigan Islands Alpena...

2. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING COKE MACHINE (CENTER), INTERMEDIATE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, SHOWING COKE MACHINE (CENTER), INTERMEDIATE TIPPLE (RIGHT), AND OVENS - Shoaf Mine & Coke Works, East side of Shoaf, off Township Route 472, Shoaf, Fayette County, PA

"Before" Main House, photographic copy of ca. 1834 watercolor by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

"Before" Main House, photographic copy of ca. 1834 watercolor by Thomas U. Walter. Duplicate color view of HABS PA-1248-35 - Andalusia, State Road vicinity (Bensalem Township), Andalusia, Bucks County, PA

3. ELEVATION. FROM SOUTH WITH CANAL PRISM. Canal Road ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. ELEVATION. FROM SOUTH WITH CANAL PRISM. - Canal Road Bridge, Canal Road spanning Delaware Canal Diversion, Locks 22 & 23 in Delaware Canal State Park in Williams Township, Raubsville, Northampton County, PA

PennsylvaniaNew Jersey Interconnection Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line, From Roseland ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Pennsylvania-New Jersey Interconnection Bushkill to Roseland Transmission Line, From Roseland Borough, Essex County, through Morris County and Sussex County to Hardwick Township, Warren County, Roseland, Essex County, NJ

High School Parking Lots.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neff, Thomas G.

2002-01-01

Describes the reorganization of the site of Ben Davis High School in Wayne Township, Indiana as an example of improvements to school parking lot design and vehicle/pedestrian traffic flow and security. Includes design drawings. (EV)

9. Southeast view interior, typical interior office, supervisor's office, room ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Southeast view interior, typical interior office, supervisor's office, room 24A - Selfridge Field, Building No. 1050, Northwest corner of Doolittle Avenue & D Street; Harrison Township, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

VIEW NORTH, SHOWING SOUTH END OF BRIDGE LOOKING TOWARD VAN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW NORTH, SHOWING SOUTH END OF BRIDGE LOOKING TOWARD VAN BUREN TOWNSHIP - Belleville Road Bridge, Spanning the Flat River at Burroughs Drive (replaced Burroughs Street Bridge), Lowell, Kent County, MI

Detail of inclined end post, diagonal tension rods, and vertical ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of inclined end post, diagonal tension rods, and vertical members with concrete encased lower chord. - Mowersville Road Bridge, Mowersville Road (Township Route 644) spanning Paxton Run, Mowersville, Franklin County, PA

8. DETAIL OF COLUMBIA BRIDGE WORKS, DAYTON, OH SIGN IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. DETAIL OF COLUMBIA BRIDGE WORKS, DAYTON, OH SIGN IN WROUGHT IRON ON PORTAL. - Peevy Road Bridge, Peevy Road spanning Perkiomen Creek in Upper Hanover Township, East Greenville, Montgomery County, PA

76 FR 70386 - Proposed Flood Elevation Determinations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-14

..., Alabama, and Incorporated Areas Audubon Ditch At the upstream side of +185 +184 City of Montgomery. Norman... available for inspection at 36535 Green Street, New Baltimore, MI 48047. Township of Chesterfield Maps are...

Gettysburg National Military Park alternative transportation system planning study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-06-01

This project identifies and evaluates transit service alternatives in the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania area, including Gettysburg National Military Park, the Borough of Gettysburg, and surrounding townships. The report concludes that public transit would...

2. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING RELATION OF BRIDGE TO THE TOPOGRAPHY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. GENERAL VIEW SHOWING RELATION OF BRIDGE TO THE TOPOGRAPHY OF THE APPROACH ROAD. - Speicher Bridge, Church Road over Tulpehocken Creek between Penn & North Heidelberg Townships, Bernville, Berks County, PA

Superfund record of decision (EPA Region 3): William Dick Lagoons, West Caln Township, Chester County, PA, March 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-03-31

This decision document presents the selected remedial action for Operable Unit 3 of the William Dick Lagoons Site (Site), in West Caln Township, Pennsylvania. The remedy described in this Record of Decision is for Operable Unit 3 at the Site. The remedy selected for Operable Unit 3 will reduce the concentrations of hazardous substances in the Site soils so that leaching of contaminants into the groundwater will be minimized. Reduction of the volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in the soils is necessary in order the groundwater will not continue to be impacted above acceptable levels. In addition, themore » installation of a vegetative soil cover or multi-layer cap will prevent the surrounding community from exposure to Site-related contaminants through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact.« less

Factors influencing the provision of public health services by village doctors in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, China.

PubMed

Ding, Yan; Smith, Helen J; Fei, Yang; Xu, Biao; Nie, Shaofa; Yan, Weirong; Diwan, Vinod K; Sauerborn, Rainer; Dong, Hengjin

2013-01-01

The Chinese central government launched the Health System Reform Plan in 2009 to strengthen disease control and health promotion and provide a package of basic public health services. Village doctors receive a modest subsidy for providing public health services associated with the package. Their beliefs about this subsidy and providing public health services could influence the quality and effectiveness of preventive health services and disease surveillance. To understand village doctors' perspectives on the subsidy and their experiences of delivering public health services, we performed 10 focus group discussions with village doctors, 12 in-depth interviews with directors of township health centres and 4 in-depth interviews with directors of county-level Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study was conducted in four counties in central China, two in Hubei province and two in Jiangxi province. Village doctors prioritize medical services but they do their best to manage their time to include public health services. The willingness of township health centre directors and village doctors to provide public health services has improved since the introduction of the package and a minimum subsidy, but village doctors do not find the subsidy to be sufficient remuneration for their efforts. Improving the delivery of public health services by village doctors is likely to require an increase in the subsidy, improvement in the supervisory relationship between village clinics and township health centres and the creation of a government pension for village doctors.

[Landscape pattern change of ethnic townships under the background of urbanization: Case of Aerla Town in Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia, China.

PubMed

Yang, Jin Yao; Huang, Lu; Yan, Li Jiao; Huo, Si Gao

2016-08-01

With the stable development of new countryside construction and new-type urbanization, the changing of the landscape pattern in countryside attracts more attention, especially in the ethnic townships which are hardly accessible. To explore the development of these areas, it is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal variation of the landscape pattern. In this paper, the landscape pattern change was analyzed at both patch type level and landscape level based on the landscape ecology theory. The land use data (format: vector) got from Aerla Town (a typical Daur ethnic township in Inner Mongolia) for the duration from 2008 to 2013 was studied by ArcGIS platform and Fragstats. For the type level, the grassland, farmland, and forest turned into building land gra-dually. Regarding the landscape level, the landscape diversity index and landscape connectivity index were relatively low, the heterogeneity index and the landscape fragmentation were relatively high. With considering the correlation analysis and grey correlation of the above indexes as well as the social and economic development in Aerla Town, the results indicated that population change and GDP growth were the main driving forces of landscape pattern change. Finally, the driving forces which resulted in the variation of landscape pattern with the incorporation of the economic, cultural, policy, and natural effects were discussed. The research could provide basic information and theoretical foundation for the development of minority areas in Northeast China.

Attitudes to climate change, perceptions of disaster risk, and mitigation and adaptation behavior in Yunlin County, Taiwan.

PubMed

Lee, Yung-Jaan; Tung, Chuan-Ming; Lin, Shih-Chien

2018-02-08

Issues that are associated with climate change have global importance. Most related studies take a national or regional perspective on the impact of climate change. Taiwan is constrained by its geographical conditions, which increase its vulnerability to climate change, especially in its western coastal areas. The county that is most affected by climate change is Yunlin. In 2013-2014, projects that were sponsored by Taiwan's government analyzed the relationship among synthesized vulnerability, ecological footprint (EF) and adaptation to climate change and proposed 15 categories of synthesized vulnerability and EF values. This study further examines the relationship between vulnerability and EF values and examines how residents of four townships-Linnei, Sihu, Mailiao, and Huwei-cope with the effects of climate change. This study investigates whether the residents of the four townships vary in their attitudes to climate change, their perceptions of disaster risk, and their behavioral intentions with respect to coping with climate change. The structural equation model (SEM) is used to examine the relationships among attitudes to climate change, perceptions of disaster risk, and the behavioral intentions of residents in townships with various vulnerabilities to climate change. The results that are obtained using the SEM reveal that climate change mitigation/adaptation behavior is affected by attitudes to climate change and perceptions of disaster risk. However, the effects of attitudes and perceptions on mitigation and adaptation that are mediated by place attachment are not statistically significant.

An Efficient and Examinable Illegal Fallow Fields Detecting Method with Spatio-Temporal Information Integration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Chia-Hao; Chu, Tzu-How

2017-04-01

To control the rice production and farm usage in Taiwan, Agriculture and Food Agency (AFA) has published a series of policies to subsidize farmers to plant different crops or to practice fallow science 1983. Because of no efficient and examinable mechanism to verify the fallow fields surveyed by township office, illegal fallow fields were still repeated each year. In this research, we used remote sensing images, GIS data of Fields, and application records of fallow fields to establish an illegal fallow fields detecting method in Yulin County in central Taiwan. This method included: 1. collected multi-temporal images from FS-2 or SPOT series with 4 time periods; 2. combined the application records and GIS data of fields to verify the location of fallow fields; 3. conducted ground truth survey and classified images with ISODATA and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC); 4. defined the land cover type of fallow fields by zonal statistic; 5. verified accuracy with ground truth; 6. developed potential illegal fallow fields survey method and benefit estimation. We use 190 fallow fields with 127 legal and 63 illegal as ground truth and accuracies of illegal fallow field interpretation in producer and user are 71.43% and 38.46%. If township office surveyed 117 classified illegal fallow fields, 45 of 63 illegal fallow fields will be detected. By using our method, township office can save 38.42% of the manpower to detect illegal fallow fields and receive an examinable 71.43% producer accuracy.

Use of a ground-water flow model to delineate contributing areas to the Puchack Well Field, Pennsauken township and vicinity, Camden county, New Jersey

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pope, Daryll A.; Watt, Martha K.

2005-01-01

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Well Head Protection Program, developed in response to the 1986 Federal Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments, requires delineation of Well Head Protection Areas (WHPA's), commonly called contributing areas, for all public and non-community water-supply wells in New Jersey. Typically, WHPA's for public community water-supply wells in New Jersey are delineated using a two-dimensional ground-water flow model incorporating the regional hydraulic gradient; however, NJDEP guidelines allow for the use of a three-dimensional flow model to delineate contributing areas to wells in complex hydrogeologic settings. The Puchack well field in Pennsauken Township, Camden County, N.J., is an area of strong hydraulic connection between the Lower aquifer of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system and the Delaware River. Interactions among and within the public-supply well fields in the area are complex. To delineate the contributing area to the Puchack well field, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the NJDEP, developed an 11-layer ground-water flow model of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the Pennsauken Township area to simulate flow in the vicinity of the well field. The model incorporates the interaction between the aquifer system and the Delaware River, and includes boundary flows from an existing regional model of the Camden area. Recharge used in the model ranged from 4.5 to 14 inches per year, and horizontal hydraulic conductivity ranged from 50 to 250 feet per day. Values of vertical hydraulic conductivity ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 feet per day were assigned to zones created on the basis of variations in hydrogeologic conditions observed in geophysical logs from wells. A steady-state simulation was used to calibrate the model to synoptic water-level data collected in March 1998. Near the Puchack well field, simulated heads generally were within 1 foot of the measured heads in both the Middle and Lower aquifers. Simulated water-level differences across the confining units at most of the nested wells were within ? 0.5 feet of the differences calculated from measured water levels. The existing flow model was modified to meet NJDEP guidelines for delineating contributing areas in complex hydrogeologic settings. These modifications included rediscretizing the model grid to a finer grid and preparing the water-use data set for use in the rediscretized model. The contributing area to the Puchack well field was delineated by means of particle tracking. An uncertainty analysis was conducted in which 36 model-input parameters were both increased and decreased until the resulting change in simulated heads exceeded the model-calibration criterion of ? 5 feet at any model cell. Porosity most affected the size and shape of the contributing area. The distribution of withdrawals at the Morris/Delair well field and variations in recharge affected both the size and shape of contributing area to the Puchack well field and the source of water to the Puchack wells. The results of the uncertainty analysis were combined to determine the 'aggregate' contributing area to the Puchack well field--a composite of areas on the land surface that contributed flow to the Puchack well field in less than 12 years in any uncertainty simulation. The shape of the aggregate contributing area was most similar to that associated with a reduction in porosity, which indirectly affected the size and shape of the contributing areas by changing travel time.

Improving malaria knowledge and practices in rural Myanmar through a village health worker intervention: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Since 2008 the Sun Primary Health (SPH) franchise programme has networked and branded community health workers in rural Myanmar to provide high quality malaria information and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to compare the malaria knowledge level and health practices of individuals in SPH intervention areas to individuals without SPH intervention Methods This study uses data from a cross-sectional household survey of 1,040 individuals living in eight rural townships to compare the knowledge level of individuals in SPH intervention areas to individuals without SPH intervention. Results This study found that the presence of a SPH provider in the community is associated with increased malaria knowledge and higher likelihood of going to trained providers for fevers. Furthermore, the study found a dose–response, where the longer the duration of the programme in a community, the greater the community knowledge level. Conclusion The study suggests that community health workers might have significant impact on malaria-related mortality and morbidity in rural Myanmar. PMID:24386934

Wastewater services for small communities.

PubMed

Gray, S; Booker, N

2003-01-01

Connection to centralised regional sewage systems has been too expensive for small-dispersed communities, and these townships have traditionally been serviced by on-site septic tank systems. The conventional on-site system in Australia has consisted of an anaerobic holding tank followed by adsorption trenches. This technique relies heavily on the uptake of nutrients by plants for effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluent, and is very seasonal in its efficiency. Hence, as these small communities have grown in size, the environmental effects of the septic tank discharges have become a problem. In locations throughout Australia, such as rural Victoria and along the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, septic tanks as being replaced with the transport of sewage to regional treatment plants. For some isolated communities, this can mean spending 20,000 dollars-40,000 dollars/household, as opposed to more common connection prices of 7,000 dollars/household. This paper explores some alternative options that might be suitable for these small communities, and attempts to identify solutions that provide acceptable environmental outcomes at lower cost. The types of alternative systems that are assessed in the paper include local treatment systems, separate blackwater and greywater collection and treatment systems both with and without non-potable water recycling, a small township scale treatment plant compared to either existing septic tank systems or pumping to a remote regional treatment facility. The work demonstrated the benefits of a scenario analysis approach for the assessment of a range of alternative systems. It demonstrated that some of the alternatives systems can achieve better than 90% reductions in the discharge of nutrients to the environment at significantly lower cost than removing the wastewater to a remote regional treatment plant. These concepts allow wastewater to be retained within a community allowing for local reuse of treated effluent.

Twenty-first century learning in school systems: the case of the Metropolitan School District of Lawrence Township, Indianapolis, Indiana.

PubMed

Capuano, Marcia; Knoderer, Troy

2006-01-01

To empower students with skills such as information and technological literacy, global awareness and cultural competence, self-direction, and sound reasoning, teachers must master these skills themselves. This chapter examines how the Digital Age Literacy Initiative of the Metropolitan School District of Lawrence Township in Indianapolis, Indiana, which is funded by the Lilly Endowment, incorporated twenty-first century learning through a systemic approach involving teacher training and the use of data. The authors explain the district's content, process, and context goals toward accomplishing its mission of empowering students with the necessary twenty-first century skills to succeed in the digital age. The district places a strong emphasis on professional development for teachers. To support the necessary teacher learning and therefore sustain the work of the initiative, the district has adopted action research, self-assessment, and an online professional development network. To support teachers in implementing new strategies, master teachers serve as digital age literacy coaches. The chapter discusses the initiative's focus on evidence of progress. Through a partnership with the Metiri Group of California, the district has built a range of assessments including online inventories and twenty-first century skill rubrics. For example, the Mankato Survey collected teacher and student data around access, ability, and use of technology in the classroom in 2001 and then in 2004. This research showed significant gains in some technologies across all grade levels and consistent gains in nearly all technologies for middle and high school students. As it moves into the next phase of implementing the Digital Age Literacy Initiative, the district embraces the systemic shifts in school culture necessary to institutionalize twenty-first century learning.

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Idle Reduction Requirement A person that operates a diesel powered motor vehicle in certain counties and townships may not cause or allow the motor vehicle, when it is not in motion, to idle for more

16. VIEW OF THE NORTHWEST FACADE OF THE GENERATOR HOUSE. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. VIEW OF THE NORTHWEST FACADE OF THE GENERATOR HOUSE. - Tower Hill No. 2 Mine, Approximately 0.47 mile Southwest of intersection of Stone Church Road & Township Route 561, Hibbs, Fayette County, PA

9. DETAIL OF THE FAN HOUSE INTERIOR, SHOWING FAN OPENINGS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. DETAIL OF THE FAN HOUSE INTERIOR, SHOWING FAN OPENINGS. - Tower Hill No. 2 Mine, Approximately 0.47 mile Southwest of intersection of Stone Church Road & Township Route 561, Hibbs, Fayette County, PA

Using Circus Stunts in the Physical Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkel, John R.

1969-01-01

To eliminate boredom, a three week unit of circus stunts requiring little space and a minimum of equipment was presented to a senior boys' gym class at Miles Township High School West, Skokie, Illinois. (AP)

Remediation System Evaluation, Havertown PCP Superfund Site

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Havertown PCP site is located in Havertown, Haverford Township, Delaware County, in southeastern Pennsylvania. The site contamination was first discovered in 1962 when the Pennsylvania State Department of Health became aware of contaminants in ...

Remediation System Evaluation, Ott/Story/Cordova Superfund Site

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Ott/Story/Cordova Superfund Site occupies approximately 20 acres in Dalton Township, MuskegonCounty, Michigan. The remedies at the site address contamination stemming from a specialty organicchemical production facility operated under a series of..

75 FR 19891 - Suspension of Community Eligibility

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-16

..., St. Clair County. Emerg; December 15, 1978, Reg; May 3, 2010, Susp. Ira, Township of, St. 260199... 310191 April 13, 1973, ......do -Do-. County. Emerg; January 16, 1980, Reg; May 3, 2010, Susp. La Vista...

7. DETAIL CENTRAL PIER (SKEWBACK) WITH BREAKWATER, UPSTREAM (EAST) SIDE. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. DETAIL CENTRAL PIER (SKEWBACK) WITH BREAKWATER, UPSTREAM (EAST) SIDE. NOTE FRACTURES ALONG BARREL ARCH EXTRADOS. - Roaring Creek Bridge, State Road 2005 spanning Roaring Creek in Locust Township, Slabtown, Columbia County, PA

27 CFR 9.184 - Trinity Lakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Provisional Edition 1986; (2) Whisky Bill Peak, Calif. Provisional Edition 1986; (3) Damnation Peak, Calif...) Proceed due east on township line T37N/T36N onto the Whisky Bill Peak, California quadrangle map to the...

27 CFR 9.184 - Trinity Lakes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Provisional Edition 1986; (2) Whisky Bill Peak, Calif. Provisional Edition 1986; (3) Damnation Peak, Calif...) Proceed due east on township line T37N/T36N onto the Whisky Bill Peak, California quadrangle map to the...