Developing a Web-Based Advisory Expert System for Implementing Traffic Calming Strategies

PubMed Central

Falamarzi, Amir; Borhan, Muhamad Nazri; Rahmat, Riza Atiq O. K.

2014-01-01

Lack of traffic safety has become a serious issue in residential areas. In this paper, a web-based advisory expert system for the purpose of applying traffic calming strategies on residential streets is described because there currently lacks a structured framework for the implementation of such strategies. Developing an expert system can assist and advise engineers for dealing with traffic safety problems. This expert system is developed to fill the gap between the traffic safety experts and people who seek to employ traffic calming strategies including decision makers, engineers, and students. In order to build the expert system, examining sources related to traffic calming studies as well as interviewing with domain experts have been carried out. The system includes above 150 rules and 200 images for different types of measures. The system has three main functions including classifying traffic calming measures, prioritizing traffic calming strategies, and presenting solutions for different traffic safety problems. Verifying, validating processes, and comparing the system with similar works have shown that the system is consistent and acceptable for practical uses. Finally, some recommendations for improving the system are presented. PMID:25276861

Developing a web-based advisory expert system for implementing traffic calming strategies.

PubMed

Falamarzi, Amir; Borhan, Muhamad Nazri; Rahmat, Riza Atiq O K

2014-01-01

Lack of traffic safety has become a serious issue in residential areas. In this paper, a web-based advisory expert system for the purpose of applying traffic calming strategies on residential streets is described because there currently lacks a structured framework for the implementation of such strategies. Developing an expert system can assist and advise engineers for dealing with traffic safety problems. This expert system is developed to fill the gap between the traffic safety experts and people who seek to employ traffic calming strategies including decision makers, engineers, and students. In order to build the expert system, examining sources related to traffic calming studies as well as interviewing with domain experts have been carried out. The system includes above 150 rules and 200 images for different types of measures. The system has three main functions including classifying traffic calming measures, prioritizing traffic calming strategies, and presenting solutions for different traffic safety problems. Verifying, validating processes, and comparing the system with similar works have shown that the system is consistent and acceptable for practical uses. Finally, some recommendations for improving the system are presented.

Electrical engineering support of telemetered traffic monitoring sites : final report, March 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-01

"The aim of this project was to provide electrical engineering support for the telemetered traffic monitoring sites (TTMS) operated by the Statistics Office of the Florida Department of Transportation. This project was a companion to project BD-543-1...

Civil engineering support for the traffic monitoring program : final report, January 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

This project was aimed at providing various civil engineering support services for the telemetered traffic monitoring sites operated by the Statistics Office of the Florida Department of Transportation. This was a companion project to the one that pr...

Use of traffic displays for general aviation approach spacing : a human factors study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-12-01

A flight experiment was conducted to assess human factors issues associated with pilot use of traffic displays for approach : spacing. Sixteen multi-engine rated pilots participated. Eight flew approaches in a twin-engine Piper Aztec originating in :...

Traffic Flow Estimates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Vincent G.

1981-01-01

Two examples are given of ways traffic engineers estimate traffic flow. The first, Floating Car Method, involves some basic ideas and the notion of relative velocity. The second, Maximum Traffic Flow, is viewed to involve simple applications of calculus. The material provides insight into specialized applications of mathematics. (MP)

Roads to Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauer, Ezra

1991-01-01

Contends that the level of safety built into roads is largely unpremeditated and that roads and highways are not as safe as they might be. Discusses practices, standards, and deficiencies in highway and traffic safety related to geometric design and traffic engineering. Recommends increased transportation engineering professionalism and public…

2006 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-06-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data for reported motor vehicle traffic crashes occurring : on city streets, county roads and state highways. The data supports various local, county and state traffic : safety programs, engineering and ...

2007 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data for reported motor vehicle traffic crashes occurring : on city streets, county roads and state highways. The data supports various local, county and state traffic : safety programs, engineering and ...

Performance evaluation of traffic sensing and control devices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

High quality vehicle detection is essential to properly operate actuated phases at traffic signals and to facilitate effective : management of technician and engineering resources. INDOT operates over 2600 traffic signal controllers, approximately 20...

2005 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-06-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data for reported motor vehicle traffic crashes occurring : on city streets, county roads and state highways. The data supports various local, county and state traffic : safety programs, engineering and ...

Development of minimum standards for event-based data collection loggers and performance measure definitions for signalized intersections [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

New traffic signal controllers, which have advanced data collection abilities, offer better information about the response of traffic signal timings to traffic flows. However, traffic engineers need more than raw data. The controllers must be set up ...

Development of automated testing tools for traffic control signals and devices (NTCIP and security) phase 2 : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

The metal cabinets that house traffic signal : controllers are a common sight at most : intersections in Florida. Traffic engineers use them : to time signal changes and facilitate the flow of : traffic through an intersection. At the core of this : ...

2003 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data for reported motor vehicle traffic crashes occurring on city streets, county roads and state highways. The data supports various local, county and state traffic safety programs, engineering and plan...

Traffic detector handbook : third edition. Volume II

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-10-01

The objective of this Handbook is to provide a comprehensive resource for selecting, designing, installing, and maintaining traffic sensors for signalized intersections and freeways. It is intended for use by traffic engineers and technicians having ...

Traffic detector handbook : third edition. Volume I

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-10-01

The objective of this Handbook is to provide a comprehensive resource for selecting, designing, installing, and maintaining traffic sensors for signalized intersections and freeways. It is intended for use by traffic engineers and technicians having ...

The engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation.

PubMed

Williams, Victoria

2007-12-15

Aviation is a growing contributor to climate change, with unique impacts due to the altitude of emissions. If existing traffic growth rates continue, radical engineering solutions will be required to prevent aviation becoming one of the dominant contributors to climate change. This paper reviews the engineering options for mitigating the climate impacts of aviation using aircraft and airspace technologies. These options include not only improvements in fuel efficiency, which would reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but also measures to reduce non-CO2 impacts including the formation of persistent contrails. Integrated solutions to optimize environmental performance will require changes to airframes, engines, avionics, air traffic control systems and airspace design. While market-based measures, such as offset schemes and emissions trading, receive growing attention, this paper sets out the crucial role of engineering in the challenge to develop a 'green air traffic system'.

The History of the Internet Search Engine: Navigational Media and the Traffic Commodity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Couvering, E.

This chapter traces the economic development of the search engine industry over time, beginning with the earliest Web search engines and ending with the domination of the market by Google, Yahoo! and MSN. Specifically, it focuses on the ways in which search engines are similar to and different from traditional media institutions, and how the relations between traditional and Internet media have changed over time. In addition to its historical overview, a core contribution of this chapter is the analysis of the industry using a media value chain based on audiences rather than on content, and the development of traffic as the core unit of exchange. It shows that traditional media companies failed when they attempted to create vertically integrated portals in the late 1990s, based on the idea of controlling Internet content, while search engines succeeded in creating huge "virtually integrated" networks based on control of Internet traffic rather than Internet content.

10 CFR 431.223 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Traffic Signal Modules and Pedestrian Modules Test Procedures § 431.223... for Traffic Signals,” Version 1.1 issued February 4, 2003. (2) Institute of Transportation Engineers...) 272-0167 or at http://www.epa.gov. (ii) Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1099 14th Street, NW...

10 CFR 431.223 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Traffic Signal Modules and Pedestrian Modules Test Procedures § 431.223... for Traffic Signals,” Version 1.1 issued February 4, 2003. (2) Institute of Transportation Engineers...) 272-0167 or at http://www.epa.gov. (ii) Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1099 14th Street, NW...

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 13: Traffic Engineering Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 13 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on traffic engineering services. The introduction outlines the purposes and objectives of Highway Safety Program Standard 13 and the Highway Safety Program Manual. Program development and…

An automated testing tool for traffic signal controller functionalities.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-03-01

The purpose of this project was to develop an automated tool that facilitates testing of traffic controller functionality using controller interface device (CID) technology. Benefits of such automated testers to traffic engineers include reduced test...

Traffic and safety management needs in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-01-01

A survey questionnaire was developed to identify traffic operations and safety management needs in Virginia. Form A of the questionnaire was mailed to 79 traffic engineering practitioners throughout Virginia and Form B was mailed to 78 law enforcemen...

2009 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data and publishes statistics for reported motor vehicle : traffic crashes per ORS 802.050(2) and 802.220(6). The data supports various local, county and state : traffic safety programs, engineering and ...

Best practices for traffic impact studies : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-06-01

For many years there have been concerns that some traffic engineers may approach traffic impact studies with an eye : toward assisting developers expedite their development approval rather than delivering an unbiased evaluation of the : impact of the...

2008 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-09-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data and publishes statistics for reported motor vehicle : traffic crashes per ORS 802.050(2) and 802.220(6). The data supports various local, county and state : traffic safety programs, engineering and ...

2010 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

The Crash Analysis and Reporting Unit compiles data and publishes statistics for reported motor vehicle : traffic crashes per ORS 802.050(2) and 802.220(6). The data supports various local, county and state : traffic safety programs, engineering and ...

Safety evaluation of the SCATS control system, final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-09-01

Since 1992, traffic signals in Oakland County and a portion of Macomb and Wayne Counties of Michigan have been : converted to the Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS). County traffic engineers have been : adjusting various SCATS paramet...

Manual of Transit and Traffic Studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1947-01-01

This first edition of the "Manual of Transit and Traffic Studies" has been designed to assist transit companies and traffic engineers in the conduct and application of studies deemed essential to a solution of present and future problems of urban tra...

23 CFR 646.214 - Design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway... crossing improvements. (1) All traffic control devices proposed shall comply with the latest edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways supplemented to the extent applicable...

Network Analysis of Reconnaissance and Intrusion of an Industrial Control System

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

simulated a plant engineer using the engineering workstation web browser to authenticate to the vegetable cooker HMI. While the engineer established the...observed the vegetable cooker HMI web display, the attacker stopped capturing network traffic. Acting as the attacker, we searched the attacker’s pcap...manually controlled by human activity. In this testbed network, only web browser traffic (HTTP) is created by an operator to view an HMI status

Investigation of traffic count procedures on unpaved roads : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-04-01

This report inventoried the current costs and procedures of VDOT's : Secondary Count Program, with special attention to costs and procedures : for traffic counts on unpaved roads. A survey of VDOT's nine District : Traffic Engineers on unpaved road c...

Developing traffic signal control systems using the national ITS architecture

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-02-01

This is one of a series of documents providing support for deploying Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This document focuses on traffic signal control, a component of ITS. It aims to provide practical help for the traffic engineering communit...

Developing Traffic Signal Control Systems using the National ITS Architecture

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-02-01

This is one of a series of documents providing support for deploying Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This document focuses on traffic signal control, a component of ITS. It aims to provide practical help for the traffic engineering communit...

Evidence of Long Range Dependence and Self-similarity in Urban Traffic Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thakur, Gautam S; Helmy, Ahmed; Hui, Pan

2015-01-01

Transportation simulation technologies should accurately model traffic demand, distribution, and assignment parame- ters for urban environment simulation. These three param- eters significantly impact transportation engineering bench- mark process, are also critical in realizing realistic traffic modeling situations. In this paper, we model and charac- terize traffic density distribution of thousands of locations around the world. The traffic densities are generated from millions of images collected over several years and processed using computer vision techniques. The resulting traffic den- sity distribution time series are then analyzed. It is found using the goodness-of-fit test that the traffic density dis- tributions follows heavy-tailmore » models such as Log-gamma, Log-logistic, and Weibull in over 90% of analyzed locations. Moreover, a heavy-tail gives rise to long-range dependence and self-similarity, which we studied by estimating the Hurst exponent (H). Our analysis based on seven different Hurst estimators strongly indicate that the traffic distribution pat- terns are stochastically self-similar (0.5 H 1.0). We believe this is an important finding that will influence the design and development of the next generation traffic simu- lation techniques and also aid in accurately modeling traffic engineering of urban systems. In addition, it shall provide a much needed input for the development of smart cities.« less

Use of Traffic Displays for General Aviation Approach Spacing: A Human Factors Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

engine rated pilots participated. Eight flew approaches in a twin-engine Piper Aztec originating in Sanford, ME, and eight flew approaches in the same...flew approaches in a twin-engine Piper Aztec originating in Sanford, ME, and eight flew approaches in the same aircraft originating in Atlantic City... Aztec . The plane was equipped with a horizontal Situation Indicator (hSI). The Garmin International MX-20™ multifunction traffic display or “Basic

The development of local calibration factors for implementing the highway safety manual in Maryland : research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

One of the best strategies to improve traffic safety and reduce motor vehicle traffic : crashes is to provide well-planned engineering, education, and enforcement : countermeasures that are tailored to given crash, traffic, and roadway : characterist...

23 CFR 655.604 - Achieving basic uniformity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.604... the Highway Safety Program Guideline 21, “Roadway Safety.” Highway planning and research funds and...

23 CFR 655.604 - Achieving basic uniformity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.604... the Highway Safety Program Guideline 21, “Roadway Safety.” Highway planning and research funds and...

23 CFR 655.602 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 655.602 Section 655.602 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.602 Definitions. The terms...

Decision-making tool for applying adaptive traffic control systems : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-03-01

Adaptive traffic signal control technologies have been increasingly deployed in real world situations. The objective of this project was to develop a decision-making tool to guide traffic engineers and decision-makers who must decide whether or not a...

23 CFR 655.607 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Funding. 655.607 Section 655.607 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.607 Funding. (a) Federal-aid...

23 CFR 655.607 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Funding. 655.607 Section 655.607 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.607 Funding. (a) Federal-aid...

23 CFR 655.607 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Funding. 655.607 Section 655.607 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.607 Funding. (a) Federal-aid...

23 CFR 655.607 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Funding. 655.607 Section 655.607 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.607 Funding. (a) Federal-aid...

Design and Operational Evaluation of the Traffic Management Advisor at the Ft. Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swenson, Harry N.; Vincent, Danny; Tobias, Leonard (Technical Monitor)

1997-01-01

NASA and the FAA have designed and developed and an automation tool known as the Traffic Management Advisor (TMA). The system was operationally evaluated at the Ft. Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC). The TMA is a time-based strategic planning tool that provides Traffic Management Coordinators and En Route Air Traffic Controllers the ability to efficiently optimize the capacity of a demand impacted airport. The TMA consists of trajectory prediction, constraint-based runway scheduling, traffic flow visualization and controllers advisories. The TMA was used and operationally evaluated for forty-one rush traffic periods during a one month period in the Summer of 1996. The evaluations included all shifts of air traffic operations as well as periods of inclement weather. Performance data was collected for engineering and human factor analysis and compared with similar operations without the TMA. The engineering data indicates that the operations with the TMA show a one to two minute per aircraft delay reduction during rush periods. The human factor data indicate a perceived reduction in en route controller workload as well as an increase in job satisfaction. Upon completion of the evaluation, the TMA has become part of the normal operations at the Ft. Worth ARTCC.

23 CFR 658.21 - Identification of National Network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the efficiency of the total traffic flow, such as time of day prohibitions, or lane use controls. (2....21 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC... National Network shall be signed. All signs shall conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices...

23 CFR 658.21 - Identification of National Network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the efficiency of the total traffic flow, such as time of day prohibitions, or lane use controls. (2....21 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC... National Network shall be signed. All signs shall conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices...

23 CFR 658.21 - Identification of National Network.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the efficiency of the total traffic flow, such as time of day prohibitions, or lane use controls. (2....21 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC... National Network shall be signed. All signs shall conform to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices...

23 CFR 655.606 - Higher cost materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Higher cost materials. 655.606 Section 655.606 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.606 Higher cost...

23 CFR 655.606 - Higher cost materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Higher cost materials. 655.606 Section 655.606 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.606 Higher cost...

23 CFR 655.606 - Higher cost materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Higher cost materials. 655.606 Section 655.606 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.606 Higher cost...

23 CFR 655.606 - Higher cost materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Higher cost materials. 655.606 Section 655.606 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.606 Higher cost...

Creating a systems engineering approach for the manual on uniform traffic control devices.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) provides basic principles for use of traffic : control devices (TCD). However, most TCDs are not explicitly required, and the decision to use a given : TCD in a given situation is typically made b...

23 CFR 655.606 - Higher cost materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Higher cost materials. 655.606 Section 655.606 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.606 Higher cost...

A Comparative Analysis of State Traffic Safety Countermeasures and Implications for Progress “Toward Zero Deaths” in the United States : Traffic Safety Facts - Research Note

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-10-01

States use a variety of countermeasures to reduce traffic crashes, injuries, and fatalities within their jurisdictions. These countermeasures focus primarily on engineering, law enforcement, and public education (NHTSA, 2006). NHTSA's bi-annual publi...

Two-vehicle injury severity models based on integration of pavement management and traffic engineering factors.

PubMed

Jiang, Ximiao; Huang, Baoshan; Yan, Xuedong; Zaretzki, Russell L; Richards, Stephen

2013-01-01

The severity of traffic-related injuries has been studied by many researchers in recent decades. However, the evaluation of many factors is still in dispute and, until this point, few studies have taken into account pavement management factors as points of interest. The objective of this article is to evaluate the combined influences of pavement management factors and traditional traffic engineering factors on the injury severity of 2-vehicle crashes. This study examines 2-vehicle rear-end, sideswipe, and angle collisions that occurred on Tennessee state routes from 2004 to 2008. Both the traditional ordered probit (OP) model and Bayesian ordered probit (BOP) model with weak informative prior were fitted for each collision type. The performances of these models were evaluated based on the parameter estimates and deviances. The results indicated that pavement management factors played identical roles in all 3 collision types. Pavement serviceability produces significant positive effects on the severity of injuries. The pavement distress index (PDI), rutting depth (RD), and rutting depth difference between right and left wheels (RD_df) were not significant in any of these 3 collision types. The effects of traffic engineering factors varied across collision types, except that a few were consistently significant in all 3 collision types, such as annual average daily traffic (AADT), rural-urban location, speed limit, peaking hour, and light condition. The findings of this study indicated that improved pavement quality does not necessarily lessen the severity of injuries when a 2-vehicle crash occurs. The effects of traffic engineering factors are not universal but vary by the type of crash. The study also found that the BOP model with a weak informative prior can be used as an alternative but was not superior to the traditional OP model in terms of overall performance.

Evaluation of traffic exhaust contributions to ambient carbonaceous submicron particulate matter in an urban roadside environment in Hong Kong

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Berto Paul; Kwok Keung Louie, Peter; Luk, Connie; Keung Chan, Chak

2017-12-01

Road traffic has significant impacts on air quality particularly in densely urbanized and populated areas where vehicle emissions are a major local source of ambient particulate matter. Engine type (i.e., fuel use) significantly impacts the chemical characteristics of tailpipe emission, and thus the distribution of engine types in traffic impacts measured ambient concentrations. This study provides an estimation of the contribution of vehicles powered by different fuels (gasoline, diesel, LPG) to carbonaceous submicron aerosol mass (PM1) based on ambient aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and elemental carbon (EC) measurements and vehicle count data in an urban inner city environment in Hong Kong with the aim to gauge the importance of different engine types to particulate matter burdens in a typical urban street canyon. On an average per-vehicle basis, gasoline vehicles emitted 75 and 93 % more organics than diesel and LPG vehicles, respectively, while EC emissions from diesel vehicles were 45 % higher than those from gasoline vehicles. LPG vehicles showed no appreciable contributions to EC and thus overall represented a small contributor to traffic-related primary ambient PM1 despite their high abundance (˜ 30 %) in the traffic mix. Total carbonaceous particle mass contributions to ambient PM1 from diesel engines were only marginally higher (˜ 4 %) than those from gasoline engines, which is likely an effect of recently introduced control strategies targeted at commercial vehicles and buses. Overall, gasoline vehicles contributed 1.2 µg m-3 of EC and 1.1 µ m-3 of organics, LPG vehicles 0.6 µg m-3 of organics and diesel vehicles 2.0 µg m-3 of EC and 0.7 µg m-3 of organics to ambient carbonaceous PM1.

Protocol vulnerability detection based on network traffic analysis and binary reverse engineering.

PubMed

Wen, Shameng; Meng, Qingkun; Feng, Chao; Tang, Chaojing

2017-01-01

Network protocol vulnerability detection plays an important role in many domains, including protocol security analysis, application security, and network intrusion detection. In this study, by analyzing the general fuzzing method of network protocols, we propose a novel approach that combines network traffic analysis with the binary reverse engineering method. For network traffic analysis, the block-based protocol description language is introduced to construct test scripts, while the binary reverse engineering method employs the genetic algorithm with a fitness function designed to focus on code coverage. This combination leads to a substantial improvement in fuzz testing for network protocols. We build a prototype system and use it to test several real-world network protocol implementations. The experimental results show that the proposed approach detects vulnerabilities more efficiently and effectively than general fuzzing methods such as SPIKE.

2004 Oregon traffic crash summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-07-01

on city streets, county roads and state highways. The data supports various local, county and state traffic : safety programs, engineering and planning projects, legislative concepts, and law enforcement services. : Legally reportable motor vehicle t...

23 CFR 1250.4 - Determining local share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., and traffic engineering services. (c) When Federal funds apportioned under 23 U.S.C. 402 are expended... services such as: driver improvement tasks administered by traffic courts, or where they furnish computer...

Noise abatement and traffic safety: The trade-off of quieter engines and pavements on vehicle detection.

PubMed

Mendonça, C; Freitas, E; Ferreira, J P; Raimundo, I D; Santos, J A

2013-03-01

Road traffic sounds are a major source of noise pollution in urban areas. But recent developments such as low noise pavements and hybrid/electric engine vehicles cast an optimistic outlook over such an environmental problem. However, it can be argued that engine, tire, and road noise could be relevant sources of information to avoid road traffic conflicts and accidents. In this paper, we analyze the potential trade-offs of traffic-noise abatement approaches in an experimental study, focusing for the first time on the impact and interaction of relevant factors such as pavement type, vehicle type, listener's age, and background noise, on vehicle detection levels. Results reveal that vehicle and pavement type significantly affect vehicle detection. Age is a significant factor, as both younger and older people exhibit lower detection levels of incoming vehicles. Low noise pavements combined with all-electric and hybrid vehicles might pose a severe threat to the safety of vulnerable road users. All factors interact simultaneously, and vehicle detection is best predicted by the loudness signal-to-noise ratio. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of the impact of low cost traffic engineering measures on road safety in urban areas.

PubMed

Yannis, George; Kondyli, Alexandra; Georgopoulou, Xenia

2014-01-01

This paper investigates the impact of low cost traffic engineering measures (LCTEMs) on the improvement of road safety in urban areas. A number of such measures were considered, such as speed humps, woonerfs, raised intersections and other traffic calming measures, which have been implemented on one-way, one-lane roads in the Municipality of Neo Psychiko in the Greater Athens Area. Data were analysed using the before-and-after safety analysis methodology with large control group. The selected control group comprised of two Municipalities in the Athens Greater Area, which present similar road network and land use characteristics with the area considered. The application of the methodology showed that the total number of crashes presented a statistically significant reduction, which can be possibly attributed to the introduction of LCTEMs. This reduction concerns passenger cars and single-vehicle crashes and is possibly due to the behavioural improvement of drivers of 25 years old or more. The results of this research are very useful for the identification of the appropriate low cost traffic engineering countermeasures for road safety problems in urban areas.

Mitigating Distributed Denial of Service Attacks with Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

time and the router CPU loads are comparable to those reported by two former NPS theses that examined alternative solutions based on BGP blackhole ...routing. 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 135 14. SUBJECT TERMS Traffic Engineering, Distributed Denial of Service Attacks, Sinkhole Routing, Blackhole Routing...alternative solutions based on BGP blackhole routing. vi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION

Toxicity and mutagenicity of exhaust from compressed natural gas: Could this be a clean solution for megacities with mixed-traffic conditions?

PubMed

Agarwal, Avinash K; Ateeq, Bushra; Gupta, Tarun; Singh, Akhilendra P; Pandey, Swaroop K; Sharma, Nikhil; Agarwal, Rashmi A; Gupta, Neeraj K; Sharma, Hemant; Jain, Ayush; Shukla, Pravesh C

2018-08-01

Despite intensive research carried out on particulates, correlation between engine-out particulate emissions and adverse health effects is not well understood yet. Particulate emissions hold enormous significance for mega-cities like Delhi that have immense traffic diversity. Entire public transportation system involving taxis, three-wheelers, and buses has been switched from conventional liquid fuels to compressed natural gas (CNG) in the Mega-city of Delhi. In this study, the particulate characterization was carried out on variety of engines including three diesel engines complying with Euro-II, Euro-III and Euro-IV emission norms, one Euro-II gasoline engine and one Euro-IV CNG engine. Physical, chemical and biological characterizations of particulates were performed to assess the particulate toxicity. The mutagenic potential of particulate samples was investigated at different concentrations using two different Salmonella strains, TA98 and TA100 in presence and absence of liver S9 metabolic enzyme fraction. Particulates emitted from diesel and gasoline engines showed higher mutagenicity, while those from CNG engine showed negligible mutagenicity compared to other test fuels and engine configurations. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed onto CNG engine particulates were also relatively fewer compared to those from equivalent diesel and gasoline engines. Taken together, our findings indicate that CNG is comparatively safer fuel compared to diesel and gasoline and can offer a cleaner transport energy solution for mega-cities with mixed-traffic conditions, especially in developing countries. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hybrid and electric low-noise cars cause an increase in traffic accidents involving vulnerable road users in urban areas.

PubMed

Brand, Stephan; Petri, Maximilian; Haas, Philipp; Krettek, Christian; Haasper, Carl

2013-01-01

Due to resource scarcity, the number of low-noise and electric cars is expected to increase rapidly. The frequent use of these cars will lead to a significant reduction of traffic related noise and pollution. On the other hand, due to the adaption and conditioning of vulnerable road users the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and bicyclists is postulated to increase as well. Children, older people with reduced eyesight and the blind are especially reliant on a combination of acoustic and visual warning signals with approaching or accelerating vehicles. This is even more evident in urban areas where the engine sound is the dominating sound up to 30 kph (kilometres per hour). Above this, tyre-road interaction is the main cause of traffic noise. With the missing typical engine sound a new sound design is necessary to prevent traffic accidents in urban areas. Drivers should not be able to switch the sound generator off.

U18 : Traffic signal safety (phase B).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

Efficiently scheduling traffic, particularly heavy vehicles, remains a key challenge in transportation engineering. This project has focused on the development of a novel trafficsignal-control methodology to improve the safety of heavy vehicles on...

Developing a method for estimating AADT on all Louisiana roads.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-07-01

Traffic flow volumes present key information needed for making transportation engineering and planning decisions. : Accurate traffic volume count has many applications including: roadway planning, design, air quality compliance, travel : model valida...

Microscopic simulation model calibration and validation handbook.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

Microscopic traffic simulation models are widely used in the transportation engineering field. Because of their cost-effectiveness, risk-free nature, and high-speed benefits, areas of use include transportation system design, traffic operations, and ...

Network-wide BGP route prediction for traffic engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feamster, Nick; Rexford, Jennifer

2002-07-01

The Internet consists of about 13,000 Autonomous Systems (AS's) that exchange routing information using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). The operators of each AS must have control over the flow of traffic through their network and between neighboring AS's. However, BGP is a complicated, policy-based protocol that does not include any direct support for traffic engineering. In previous work, we have demonstrated that network operators can adapt the flow of traffic in an efficient and predictable fashion through careful adjustments to the BGP policies running on their edge routers. Nevertheless, many details of the BGP protocol and decision process make predicting the effects of these policy changes difficult. In this paper, we describe a tool that predicts traffic flow at network exit points based on the network topology, the import policy associated with each BGP session, and the routing advertisements received from neighboring AS's. We present a linear-time algorithm that computes a network-wide view of the best BGP routes for each destination prefix given a static snapshot of the network state, without simulating the complex details of BGP message passing. We describe how to construct this snapshot using the BGP routing tables and router configuration files available from operational routers. We verify the accuracy of our algorithm by applying our tool to routing and configuration data from AT&T's commercial IP network. Our route prediction techniques help support the operation of large IP backbone networks, where interdomain routing is an important aspect of traffic engineering.

23 CFR 645.109 - Preliminary engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Preliminary engineering. 645.109 Section 645.109 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS UTILITIES Utility Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.109 Preliminary engineering. (a) As...

23 CFR 645.109 - Preliminary engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Preliminary engineering. 645.109 Section 645.109 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS UTILITIES Utility Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.109 Preliminary engineering. (a) As...

23 CFR 645.109 - Preliminary engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Preliminary engineering. 645.109 Section 645.109 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS UTILITIES Utility Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.109 Preliminary engineering. (a) As...

23 CFR 645.109 - Preliminary engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Preliminary engineering. 645.109 Section 645.109 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS UTILITIES Utility Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.109 Preliminary engineering. (a) As...

23 CFR 645.109 - Preliminary engineering.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Preliminary engineering. 645.109 Section 645.109 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS UTILITIES Utility Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.109 Preliminary engineering. (a) As...

Retroreflectivity of existing signs in Pennsylvania.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) Bureau of Highway Safety and Traffic Engineering initiated this : research effort in response to the release of the new 2009 Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) which mandates : th...

2000 West Virginia accident data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The data contained within this report is extracted, by the : West Virginia Division of Highways, Traffic Engineering Division, from a database of : West Virginia Uniform Traffic Crash Reports submitted to the West Virginia Division of : Motor Vehicle...

2003 West Virginia crash data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

This report was prepared by Traffic Engineering : personnel, from the West Virginia Division of Highways. The data contained in this : report is collected from Uniform Traffic Crash Reports submitted by state law : enforcement agencies. These law enf...

Air traffic control system baseline methodology guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

The Air Traffic Control System Baseline Methodology Guide serves as a reference in the design and conduct of baseline studies. : Engineering research psychologists are the intended audience for the Methodology Guide, which focuses primarily on techni...

2002 West Virginia crash data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

This report was prepared by Traffic Engineering : personnel, from the West Virginia Division of Highways. The data contained in this : report is collected from Uniform Traffic Crash Reports submitted by state law : enforcement agencies. These law enf...

Metric traffic signal design manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

This manual is for information purposes only and may be used to aid new employees, and those unfamiliar with ODOT Traffic Engineering practices, in accessing and applying applicable standards, statutes, rules, and policies related to railroad preempt...

LED traffic signal management system : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

This research originated from the opportunity to develop a methodology to assess when LED (Light Emitting Diode) traffic signal modules begin to fail to meet the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) performance specification for luminous inten...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... construction. Value Engineering (VE) analysis. The systematic process of reviewing and assessing a project by a...; and (3) Reducing the time to develop and deliver the project. Value Engineering (VE) Job Plan. A...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... construction. Value Engineering (VE) analysis. The systematic process of reviewing and assessing a project by a...; and (3) Reducing the time to develop and deliver the project. Value Engineering (VE) Job Plan. A...

Data reduction procedures for traffic signal systems performance measures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Traffic signal systems represent a substantial component of the highway transportation network in the United States. It is challenging for most agencies to find engineering resources to properly update signal policies and timing plans to accommodate ...

2001 West Virginia crash data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

This report was prepared by Traffic Engineering : personnel, from the West Virginia Division of Highways. The data contained in this : report is collected from Uniform Traffic Crash Reports submitted to the Division of : Motor Vehicles by state law e...

Newport Pell Bridge traffic and revenue study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-12

Jacobs Engineering conducted a traffic and toll revenue study for the Claiborne Pell Newport Bridge : (Newport Pell Bridge or Pell Bridge) upon the request of the Rhode Island Turnpike and Bridge : Authority (RITBA). This study is being c...

Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure Benefits: Expected And Experienced

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-20

In traffic engineering, the concept of traffic control is giving way to the broader philosophy of Transportation Systems Management (TSM), whose purpose is not to move vehicles, but to optimize the utilization of transportation resources to improve t...

Systems Engineering Management Plan NASA Traffic Aware Planner Integration Into P-180 Airborne Test-Bed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maris, John

2015-01-01

NASA's Traffic Aware Planner (TAP) is a cockpit decision support tool that provides aircrew with vertical and lateral flight-path optimizations with the intent of achieving significant fuel and time savings, while automatically avoiding traffic, weather, and restricted airspace conflicts. A key step towards the maturation and deployment of TAP concerned its operational evaluation in a representative flight environment. This Systems Engineering Management Plan (SEMP) addresses the test-vehicle design, systems integration, and flight-test planning for the first TAP operational flight evaluations, which were successfully completed in November 2013. The trial outcomes are documented in the Traffic Aware Planner (TAP) flight evaluation paper presented at the 14th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Atlanta, GA. (AIAA-2014-2166, Maris, J. M., Haynes, M. A., Wing, D. J., Burke, K. A., Henderson, J., & Woods, S. E., 2014).

23 CFR 650.309 - Qualifications of personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... Safety Inspector under the National Society of Professional Engineer's program for National Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) and have successfully completed an FHWA approved comprehensive...

23 CFR 650.309 - Qualifications of personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... Safety Inspector under the National Society of Professional Engineer's program for National Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) and have successfully completed an FHWA approved comprehensive...

23 CFR 650.309 - Qualifications of personnel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... Safety Inspector under the National Society of Professional Engineer's program for National Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) and have successfully completed an FHWA approved comprehensive...

Sign Life-Cycle Policies and Practices : Transportation Research Synthesis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-10-01

MnDOT Metro District Traffic Engineering is interested in the practices that other state departments of transportation (DOTs) use to determine traffic sign life expectancy and replacement. Of particular interest is the state of the practice regarding...

32 CFR 634.4 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... installations by participating in traffic control studies designed to obtain information on traffic problems and... phase of engineering concerned with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of streets, highways, and abutting lands. (2) Select, determine appropriate design, procure, construct, install, and...

32 CFR 634.4 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... installations by participating in traffic control studies designed to obtain information on traffic problems and... phase of engineering concerned with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of streets, highways, and abutting lands. (2) Select, determine appropriate design, procure, construct, install, and...

32 CFR 634.4 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... installations by participating in traffic control studies designed to obtain information on traffic problems and... phase of engineering concerned with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of streets, highways, and abutting lands. (2) Select, determine appropriate design, procure, construct, install, and...

32 CFR 634.4 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... installations by participating in traffic control studies designed to obtain information on traffic problems and... phase of engineering concerned with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of streets, highways, and abutting lands. (2) Select, determine appropriate design, procure, construct, install, and...

32 CFR 634.4 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... installations by participating in traffic control studies designed to obtain information on traffic problems and... phase of engineering concerned with the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of streets, highways, and abutting lands. (2) Select, determine appropriate design, procure, construct, install, and...

CG Vessel Traffic Service Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

Corps of Engineers and the Maritime Administration have forecast that total commercial cargo transported through U.S. ports and waterways will increase... electronic navigation and surveillance equipment since the early 1960’s to evaluate various concepts by which vessel traffic safety could be enhanced...relatively complete data base on vessel traffic. On the other hand, the addition of radar and other electronic surveillance should: --Prevent vessel

Engineering Analyses of Candidate Communication and Surveillance Techniques for the Vessel Traffic System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-11-01

Coast Guard Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) facilities rely heavily on radio communications to acquire the location of vessels and disseminate this information to other interested shipping. As the communication requirements change, the Coast Guard must ...

From empirical Bayes to full Bayes : methods for analyzing traffic safety data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-24

Traffic safety engineers are among the early adopters of Bayesian statistical tools for : analyzing crash data. As in many other areas of application, empirical Bayes methods were : their first choice, perhaps because they represent an intuitively ap...

23 CFR 655.604 - Achieving basic uniformity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... system should be based on inventories made in accordance with the Highway Safety Program Guideline 21, “Roadway Safety.” These inventories provide the information necessary for programming traffic control...

LED traffic signal management system : tech summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

The light source of a signal module is comprised of an array of multiple individual light emitting diodes (LEDs). : Fading of the array over its operational life is a serious concern of traffic engineers throughout the nation. The : Institute of Tran...

Procurement procedures and specifications for performance measure capable traffic infrastructure data collection systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-01

Traffic signal systems represent a substantial component of the highway transportation network in the United : States. It is challenging for most agencies to find engineering resources to properly update signal policies and : timing plans to accommod...

23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

23 CFR 656.5 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... carpool lanes. Eligible work may include preliminary engineering to determine traffic flow and design criteria, signing, pavement markings, traffic control devices, and minor physical modifications to permit... any existing or planned mass transportation service, but should be designed so that the facility could...

23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

23 CFR 656.5 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... carpool lanes. Eligible work may include preliminary engineering to determine traffic flow and design criteria, signing, pavement markings, traffic control devices, and minor physical modifications to permit... any existing or planned mass transportation service, but should be designed so that the facility could...

23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

23 CFR 656.5 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... carpool lanes. Eligible work may include preliminary engineering to determine traffic flow and design criteria, signing, pavement markings, traffic control devices, and minor physical modifications to permit... any existing or planned mass transportation service, but should be designed so that the facility could...

23 CFR 656.5 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... carpool lanes. Eligible work may include preliminary engineering to determine traffic flow and design criteria, signing, pavement markings, traffic control devices, and minor physical modifications to permit... any existing or planned mass transportation service, but should be designed so that the facility could...

23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

23 CFR 656.5 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... carpool lanes. Eligible work may include preliminary engineering to determine traffic flow and design criteria, signing, pavement markings, traffic control devices, and minor physical modifications to permit... any existing or planned mass transportation service, but should be designed so that the facility could...

23 CFR 924.11 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., where applicable, for highway construction projects, 23 CFR part 172 for engineering and design services..., pavement markings, or installation of traffic signs, traffic lights, guardrails, impact attenuators... may amount up to 100 percent for projects for signing, pavement markings, active warning devices, and...

Simplified web-based decision support method for traffic management and work zone analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

Traffic congestion mitigation is one of the key challenges that transportation planners and operations engineers face when planning for construction and maintenance activities. There is a wide variety of approaches and methods that address work zone ...

Simplified web-based decision support method for traffic management and work zone analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

Traffic congestion mitigation is one of the key challenges that transportation planners and operations engineers face when : planning for construction and maintenance activities. There is a wide variety of approaches and methods that address work : z...

Load Testing, Finite Element Analysis, and Design of Steel Traffic-Signal Poles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-07-01

At request of the Structures Design and Construction Division, the Engineering Research and Development Bureau performed full-scale testing and finite element analysis (FEA) of span-wire traffic-signal poles to evaluate their structural adequacy. Res...

Uniform Traffic Control and Warning Messages for Portable Changeable Message Signs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-03-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and test word and symbol traffic control and hazard warning messages for use on portable changeable message signs (PCMSs). The literature was reviewed, State highway engineers were interviewed, PCMS manufactur...

Airport Surface Traffic Control Visual Ground Aids Engineering and Development Plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

The plan described in this document supports the overall program at the Transportation Systems Center to define, design, develop, and evaluate systems that meet the requirements of airport surface traffic control. This plan is part of documentation s...

23 CFR 627.5 - General principles and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 General principles and procedures. (a) State VE programs. State transportation... studies. (2) Studies. Value engineering studies shall follow the widely recognized systematic problem...

23 CFR 627.5 - General principles and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 General principles and procedures. (a) State VE programs. State transportation... studies. (2) Studies. Value engineering studies shall follow the widely recognized systematic problem...

23 CFR 627.5 - General principles and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 General principles and procedures. (a) State VE programs. State transportation... studies. (2) Studies. Value engineering studies shall follow the widely recognized systematic problem...

Classification of Automated Search Traffic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buehrer, Greg; Stokes, Jack W.; Chellapilla, Kumar; Platt, John C.

As web search providers seek to improve both relevance and response times, they are challenged by the ever-increasing tax of automated search query traffic. Third party systems interact with search engines for a variety of reasons, such as monitoring a web site’s rank, augmenting online games, or possibly to maliciously alter click-through rates. In this paper, we investigate automated traffic (sometimes referred to as bot traffic) in the query stream of a large search engine provider. We define automated traffic as any search query not generated by a human in real time. We first provide examples of different categories of query logs generated by automated means. We then develop many different features that distinguish between queries generated by people searching for information, and those generated by automated processes. We categorize these features into two classes, either an interpretation of the physical model of human interactions, or as behavioral patterns of automated interactions. Using the these detection features, we next classify the query stream using multiple binary classifiers. In addition, a multiclass classifier is then developed to identify subclasses of both normal and automated traffic. An active learning algorithm is used to suggest which user sessions to label to improve the accuracy of the multiclass classifier, while also seeking to discover new classes of automated traffic. Performance analysis are then provided. Finally, the multiclass classifier is used to predict the subclass distribution for the search query stream.

23 CFR 620.104 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Standards. 620.104 Section 620.104 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING... aeronautical safety. ...

23 CFR 620.104 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Standards. 620.104 Section 620.104 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING... aeronautical safety. ...

Traffic Monitor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

Mestech's X-15 "Eye in the Sky," a traffic monitoring system, incorporates NASA imaging and robotic vision technology. A camera or "sensor box" is mounted in a housing. The sensor detects vehicles approaching an intersection and sends the information to a computer, which controls the traffic light according to the traffic rate. Jet Propulsion Laboratory technical support packages aided in the company's development of the system. The X-15's "smart highway" can also be used to count vehicles on a highway and compute the number in each lane and their speeds, important information for freeway control engineers. Additional applications are in airport and railroad operations. The system is intended to replace loop-type traffic detectors.

Improving air traffic control: Proving new tools or approving the joint human-machine system?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaillard, Irene; Leroux, Marcel

1994-01-01

From the description of a field problem (i.e., designing decision aids for air traffic controllers), this paper points out how a cognitive engineering approach provides the milestones for the evaluation of future joint human-machine systems.

Twenty-four hour peaking relationship to level of service and other measures of effectiveness.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

Transportation planners and traffic engineers are increasingly interested in traffic analysis tools that analyze : demand profiles and performance that go beyond analysis of the traditional peak hours and extend the analysis to : other hours of the d...

Freeway travel time estimation using existing fixed traffic sensors : phase 1.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

Freeway travel time is one of the most useful pieces of information for road users and an : important measure of effectiveness (MOE) for traffic engineers and policy makers. In the Greater : St. Louis area, Gateway Guide, the St. Louis Transportation...

InSync Adaptive Traffic Control System for the Veterans Memorial Hwy Corridor on Long Island, NY

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

This report documents Rhythm Engineerings adaptive traffic control system field installation performed : by New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) along Veterans Memorial Hwy in Long : Island, NY. This report reviews the reason for t...

23 CFR 645.213 - Use and occupancy agreements (permits).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 645.213 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC..., as a minimum, describe the requirements for location, construction, protection of traffic... description of the size, type, nature, and extent of the utility facilities being located within the highway...

23 CFR 645.213 - Use and occupancy agreements (permits).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 645.213 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC..., as a minimum, describe the requirements for location, construction, protection of traffic... description of the size, type, nature, and extent of the utility facilities being located within the highway...

VASCULAR RESPONSE TO TRAFFIC-DERIVED INHALATION IN HUMANS

EPA Science Inventory

By coordinating closely with Center Projects 1-3, we will determine whether specific aspects of traffic-derived exposure (primary vs. secondary organics, particulate vs. gases, spark-ignition vs. diesel engine vs. a mixture) enhance the human vascular response to pollutants. W...

Crash history after installation of traffic signals : warranted vs. unwarranted.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the change in crash history at intersections after installation of a traffic signal. Signals installed based on the warrants from an engineering study resulted in a decrease in angle collisions with an inc...

Implementation, driver behavior, and simulation : issues related to roundabouts in northern New England.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-06-01

Roundabouts are an emerging type of intersection design and a relatively new addition to the : transportation system in the United States. This imposes two traffic engineering and research : related issues. First, data and research on traffic operati...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 627.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 627.3 Section 627.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING... consist of several contracts or phases over several years. Value engineering. The systematic application...

23 CFR 661.3 - Who must comply with this regulation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... authorities must comply to participate in the IRRBP by applying for preliminary engineering (PE), construction, and construction engineering (CE) activities for the replacement or rehabilitation of structurally....3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC...

23 CFR 661.3 - Who must comply with this regulation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... authorities must comply to participate in the IRRBP by applying for preliminary engineering (PE), construction, and construction engineering (CE) activities for the replacement or rehabilitation of structurally....3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC...

23 CFR 661.3 - Who must comply with this regulation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... authorities must comply to participate in the IRRBP by applying for preliminary engineering (PE), construction, and construction engineering (CE) activities for the replacement or rehabilitation of structurally....3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC...

23 CFR 661.3 - Who must comply with this regulation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... authorities must comply to participate in the IRRBP by applying for preliminary engineering (PE), construction, and construction engineering (CE) activities for the replacement or rehabilitation of structurally....3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC...

23 CFR 661.3 - Who must comply with this regulation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... authorities must comply to participate in the IRRBP by applying for preliminary engineering (PE), construction, and construction engineering (CE) activities for the replacement or rehabilitation of structurally....3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC...

Mapping edge-based traffic measurements onto the internal links in MPLS network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Guofeng; Tang, Hong; Zhang, Yi

2004-09-01

Applying multi-protocol label switching techniques to IP-based backbone for traffic engineering goals has shown advantageous. Obtaining a volume of load on each internal link of the network is crucial for traffic engineering applying. Though collecting can be available for each link, such as applying traditional SNMP scheme, the approach may cause heavy processing load and sharply degrade the throughput of the core routers. Then monitoring merely at the edge of the network and mapping the measurements onto the core provides a good alternative way. In this paper, we explore a scheme for traffic mapping with edge-based measurements in MPLS network. It is supposed that the volume of traffic on each internal link over the domain would be mapped onto by measurements available only at ingress nodes. We apply path-based measurements at ingress nodes without enabling measurements in the core of the network. We propose a method that can infer a path from the ingress to the egress node using label distribution protocol without collecting routing data from core routers. Based on flow theory and queuing theory, we prove that our approach is effective and present the algorithm for traffic mapping. We also show performance simulation results that indicate potential of our approach.

14 CFR 93.123 - High density traffic airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... operations conducted by air carriers with turboprop and reciprocating engine aircraft having a certificated... of operations conducted by air carriers with turboprop and reciprocating engine aircraft having a...

14 CFR 93.123 - High density traffic airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... operations conducted by air carriers with turboprop and reciprocating engine aircraft having a certificated... of operations conducted by air carriers with turboprop and reciprocating engine aircraft having a...

14 CFR 93.123 - High density traffic airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... operations conducted by air carriers with turboprop and reciprocating engine aircraft having a certificated... of operations conducted by air carriers with turboprop and reciprocating engine aircraft having a...

A data storage and retrieval model for Louisiana traffic operations data : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-01

The overall goal of this research study was to develop a prototype computer-based indexing model for traffic operation data in DOTD. The methodology included: 1) extraction of state road network, 2) development of geographic reference model, 3) engin...

A data storage and retrieval model for Louisiana traffic operations data : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-09-01

The type and amount of data managed by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) are huge. In many cases, these data are used to perform traffic engineering studies and highway safety analyses, among others. At the present tim...

The Development of the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST): A Cooperative Controller-Engineer Design Approach

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-08-01

Historically, the development of advanced automation for air traffic control in : the United States has excluded the input of the air traffic controller until the : end of the development process. In contrast, the development of the Final : Approach ...

Demonstration of TRAF-NETSIM for traffic operations management : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1991-08-01

The utility of the simulation package TRAF-NETSIM to the traffic engineer is assessed and demonstrated by means of a case study. The methodology employed in performing the analysis is presented in a way that will aid future users of TRAF-NETSIM. The ...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) This regulation will establish a program to improve project... ensure efficient investments by requiring the application of value engineering (VE) to all Federal-aid...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) This regulation will establish a program to improve project... ensure efficient investments by requiring the application of value engineering (VE) to all Federal-aid...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) This regulation will establish a program to improve project... ensure efficient investments by requiring the application of value engineering (VE) to all Federal-aid...

Toxicity of inhaled traffic related particulate matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerlofs-Nijland, Miriam E.; Campbell, Arezoo; Miller, Mark R.; Newby, David E.; Cassee, Flemming R.

2009-02-01

Traffic generated ultrafine particulates may play a major role in the development of adverse health effects. However, little is known about harmful effects caused by recurring exposure. We hypothesized that repeated exposure to particulate matter results in adverse pulmonary and systemic toxic effects. Exposure to diesel engine exhaust resulted in signs of oxidative stress in the lung, impaired coagulation, and changes in the immune system. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased in some regions of the brain but increased in the striatum implying that exposure to diesel engine exhaust may selectively aggravate neurological impairment. Data from these three studies suggest that exposure to traffic related PM can mediate changes in the vasculature and brain of healthy rats. To what extent these changes may contribute to chronic neurodegenerative or vascular diseases is at present unclear.

Teaching Network Security with IP Darkspace Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zseby, Tanja; Iglesias Vázquez, Félix; King, Alistair; Claffy, K. C.

2016-01-01

This paper presents a network security laboratory project for teaching network traffic anomaly detection methods to electrical engineering students. The project design follows a research-oriented teaching principle, enabling students to make their own discoveries in real network traffic, using data captured from a large IP darkspace monitor…

23 CFR 652.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND..., propelled solely by human power, upon which any person or persons may ride. (b) Bikeway. Any road, path, or... traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent...

23 CFR 652.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND..., propelled solely by human power, upon which any person or persons may ride. (b) Bikeway. Any road, path, or... traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent...

23 CFR 652.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND..., propelled solely by human power, upon which any person or persons may ride. (b) Bikeway. Any road, path, or... traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent...

23 CFR 652.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND..., propelled solely by human power, upon which any person or persons may ride. (b) Bikeway. Any road, path, or... traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent...

23 CFR 652.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND..., propelled solely by human power, upon which any person or persons may ride. (b) Bikeway. Any road, path, or... traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent...

23 CFR 626.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Policy. 626.3 Section 626.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.3 Policy. Pavement shall be designed to accommodate current and predicted traffic needs in a safe, durable, and cost...

23 CFR 626.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Policy. 626.3 Section 626.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.3 Policy. Pavement shall be designed to accommodate current and predicted traffic needs in a safe, durable, and cost...

23 CFR 626.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 626.3 Section 626.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.3 Policy. Pavement shall be designed to accommodate current and predicted traffic needs in a safe, durable, and cost...

23 CFR 626.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy. 626.3 Section 626.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.3 Policy. Pavement shall be designed to accommodate current and predicted traffic needs in a safe, durable, and cost...

23 CFR 626.3 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Policy. 626.3 Section 626.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.3 Policy. Pavement shall be designed to accommodate current and predicted traffic needs in a safe, durable, and cost...

Dynamic flashing yellow arrow (FYA) : a study on variable left turn model operational and safety impacts, [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

Traffic engineers use various left-turn signalization : methods to find an optimal balance of safety and : efficiency. While protected/permitted left-turn : configurations allow most left-turning traffic to : turn during the protected phase, the perm...

14 CFR 91.529 - Flight engineer requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight engineer requirements. 91.529... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.529 Flight engineer...

14 CFR 91.529 - Flight engineer requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight engineer requirements. 91.529... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.529 Flight engineer...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of this part is to prescribe the programs, policies and procedures for the integration of value engineering (VE) into the planning and development of...

23 CFR 627.1 - Purpose and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.1 Purpose and applicability. (a) The purpose of this part is to prescribe the programs, policies and procedures for the integration of value engineering (VE) into the planning and development of...

A demonstration of expert systems applications in transportation engineering : volume II, TRANZ, a prototype expert system for traffic control in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-01-01

The development of a prototype knowledge-based expert system (KBES) for selecting appropriate traffic control strategies and management techniques around highway work zones was initiated. This process was encompassed by the steps that formulate the p...

Development of a safety evaluation procedure for identifying high-risk signalized intersections in the Virginia Department of Transportation's Northern Virginia district.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

This research was undertaken to develop an evaluation procedure to identify high-risk four-legged signalized intersections in VDOT's Northern Virginia district by traffic movements and times of day. By using the developed procedure, traffic engineers...

Feasibility of incorporating crash risk in developing congestion mitigation measures for interstate highways : a case study of the Hampton Roads area.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

A relationship between traffic flow variables and crash characteristics can greatly help the traffic engineer in the field to arrive at appropriate congestion mitigation measures that not only alleviate congestion and save time but also reduce the pr...

Speed Variance and Its Influence on Accidents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garber, Nicholas J.; Gadirau, Ravi

A study was conducted to investigate the traffic engineering factors that influence speed variance and to determine to what extent speed variance affects accident rates. Detailed analyses were carried out to relate speed variance with posted speed limit, design speeds, and other traffic variables. The major factor identified was the difference…

23 CFR 627.9 - Conducting a VE analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.9 Conducting a VE analysis. (a) A VE analysis should be conducted as early as practicable in... that consider alternative construction materials; and (2) Be conducted based on: (i) An engineering and...

23 CFR 627.9 - Conducting a VE analysis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.9 Conducting a VE analysis. (a) A VE analysis should be conducted as early as practicable in... that consider alternative construction materials; and (2) Be conducted based on: (i) An engineering and...

The employment of a spoken language computer applied to an air traffic control task.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laveson, J. I.; Silver, C. A.

1972-01-01

Assessment of the merits of a limited spoken language (56 words) computer in a simulated air traffic control (ATC) task. An airport zone approximately 60 miles in diameter with a traffic flow simulation ranging from single-engine to commercial jet aircraft provided the workload for the controllers. This research determined that, under the circumstances of the experiments carried out, the use of a spoken-language computer would not improve the controller performance.

Infrared traffic image enhancement algorithm based on dark channel prior and gamma correction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Lintao; Shi, Hengliang; Gu, Ming

2017-07-01

The infrared traffic image acquired by the intelligent traffic surveillance equipment has low contrast, little hierarchical differences in perceptions of image and the blurred vision effect. Therefore, infrared traffic image enhancement, being an indispensable key step, is applied to nearly all infrared imaging based traffic engineering applications. In this paper, we propose an infrared traffic image enhancement algorithm that is based on dark channel prior and gamma correction. In existing research dark channel prior, known as a famous image dehazing method, here is used to do infrared image enhancement for the first time. Initially, in the proposed algorithm, the original degraded infrared traffic image is transformed with dark channel prior as the initial enhanced result. A further adjustment based on the gamma curve is needed because initial enhanced result has lower brightness. Comprehensive validation experiments reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms the current state-of-the-art algorithms.

Studies of vehicle lane-changing dynamics and its effect on traffic efficiency, safety and environmental impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiang; Sun, Jian-Qiao

2017-02-01

Drivers often change lanes on the road to maintain desired speed and to avoid slow vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles and lane closure. Understanding the effect of lane-changing on the traffic is an important topic in designing optimal traffic control systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study of this topic. We review the theory of microscopic dynamic car-following models and the lane-changing models, propose additional lane-changing rules to deal with moving bottleneck and lane reduction, and investigate the effects of lane-changing on the traffic efficiency, traffic safety and fuel consumption as a function of different variables including the distance of the emergency sign ahead of the lane closure, speed limit, traffic density, etc. Extensive simulations of the traffic system have been carried out in different scenarios. A number of important findings of the effect of various factors on the traffic are reported. These findings provide guidance on the traffic management and are important to the designers and engineers of modern highway or inner city roads to achieve high traffic efficiency and safety with minimum environmental impact.

Engineering rules for evaluating the efficiency of multiplexing traffic streams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klincewicz, John G.

2004-09-01

It is common, either for a telecommunications service provider or for a corporate enterprise, to have multiple data networks. For example, both an IP network and an ATM or Frame Relay network could be in operation to serve different applications. This can result in parallel transport links between the same two locations, each carrying data traffic under a different protocol. In this paper, we consider some practical engineering rules, for particular situations, to evaluate whether or not it is advantageous to combine these parallel traffic streams onto a single transport link. Combining the streams requires additional overhead (a so-called "cell tax" ) but, in at least some situations, can result in more efficient use of modular transport capacity. Simple graphs can be used to summarize the analysis. Some interesting, and perhaps unexpected, observations can be made.

Architectural and engineering issues for building an optical Internet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

St. Arnaud, Bill

1998-10-01

Recent developments in high density Wave Division Multiplexing fiber systems allows for the deployment of a dedicated optical Internet network for large volume backbone pipes that does not require an underlying multi-service SONET/SDH and ATM transport protocol. Some intrinsic characteristics of Internet traffic such as its self similar nature, server bound congestion, routing and data asymmetry allow for highly optimized traffic engineered networks using individual wavelengths. By transmitting GigaBit Ethernet or SONET/SDH frames natively over WDM wavelengths that directly interconnect high performance routers the original concept of the Internet as an intrinsically survivable datagram network is possible. Traffic engineering, restoral, protection and bandwidth management of the network must now be carried out at the IP layer and so new routing or switching protocols such as MPLS that allow for uni- directional paths with fast restoral and protection at the IP layer become essential for a reliable production network. The deployment of high density WDM municipal and campus networks also gives carriers and ISPs the flexibility to offer customers as integrated and seamless set of optical Internet services.

Road traffic accident among motor vehicle drivers in selected high ways.

PubMed

Ahmed, M; Khanom, K; Shampa, R M; Bari, M H

2004-07-01

To assess the knowledge of the motor vehicle driver about the causes of road traffic accidents. This cross sectional study was conducted among the 107 motor vehicle drivers of selected Bus & Truck terminal & taxi stands of Dhaka city. The study was carried out during April to June 2002 at the Department of Health Promotion & Health Education of NIPSOM. The study showed about 55.1% learned driving from a friend. Out of 107 respondent 20.6% showed very high speed is one of the reason for road traffic accident.39.3% claimed for poor maintenance of roads. Regarding engine/vehicle defect 46.7% said head light defect. Increased earning is one of the reasons of very fast driving 35.5% respondent opined. These may be the reason of accident proneness of the society along with factor like family pressure, job dissatisfaction etc. Majority of the driver who took part in this study used light vehicle 54.2% and the rest 30.8% were heavy and 15% like medium light vehicle. Most of the respondent 67.3% was working as professional over for 3-6 years. 41.1% for 3 and 26.2% for 6 years. There were significant relationship (p < 0.002) between very fast driving and defective road and also engine defect were highly significant association (p < 0.005) with road traffic accident It is revealed that formal education, driving license through Bangladesh road traffic authority without unnecessary botheration, proper implementation of traffic law, training of drivers and increase level of public awareness through mass communication could reduce the road traffic accident

How Might People Near National Roads Be Affected by Traffic Noise as Electric Vehicles Increase in Number? A Laboratory Study of Subjective Evaluations of Environmental Noise.

PubMed

Walker, Ian; Kennedy, John; Martin, Susanna; Rice, Henry

2016-01-01

We face a likely shift to electric vehicles (EVs) but the environmental and human consequences of this are not yet well understood. Simulated auditory traffic scenes were synthesized from recordings of real conventional and EVs. These sounded similar to what might be heard by a person near a major national road. Versions of the simulation had 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% EVs. Participants heard the auditory scenes in random order, rating each on five perceptual dimensions such as pleasant-unpleasant and relaxing-stressful. Ratings of traffic noise were, overall, towards the negative end of these scales, but improved significantly when there were high proportions of EVs in the traffic mix, particularly when there were 80% or 100% EVs. This suggests a shift towards a high proportion of EVs is likely to improve the subjective experiences of people exposed to traffic noise from major roads. The effects were not a simple result of EVs being quieter: ratings of bandpass-filtered versions of the recordings suggested that people's perceptions of traffic noise were specifically influenced by energy in the 500-2000 Hz band. Engineering countermeasures to reduce noise in this band might be effective for improving the subjective experience of people living or working near major roads, even for conventional vehicles; energy in the 0-100 Hz band was particularly associated with people identifying sound as 'quiet' and, again, this might feed into engineering to reduce the impact of traffic noise on people.

How Might People Near National Roads Be Affected by Traffic Noise as Electric Vehicles Increase in Number? A Laboratory Study of Subjective Evaluations of Environmental Noise

PubMed Central

Walker, Ian; Kennedy, John; Martin, Susanna; Rice, Henry

2016-01-01

We face a likely shift to electric vehicles (EVs) but the environmental and human consequences of this are not yet well understood. Simulated auditory traffic scenes were synthesized from recordings of real conventional and EVs. These sounded similar to what might be heard by a person near a major national road. Versions of the simulation had 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% EVs. Participants heard the auditory scenes in random order, rating each on five perceptual dimensions such as pleasant–unpleasant and relaxing–stressful. Ratings of traffic noise were, overall, towards the negative end of these scales, but improved significantly when there were high proportions of EVs in the traffic mix, particularly when there were 80% or 100% EVs. This suggests a shift towards a high proportion of EVs is likely to improve the subjective experiences of people exposed to traffic noise from major roads. The effects were not a simple result of EVs being quieter: ratings of bandpass-filtered versions of the recordings suggested that people’s perceptions of traffic noise were specifically influenced by energy in the 500–2000 Hz band. Engineering countermeasures to reduce noise in this band might be effective for improving the subjective experience of people living or working near major roads, even for conventional vehicles; energy in the 0–100 Hz band was particularly associated with people identifying sound as ‘quiet’ and, again, this might feed into engineering to reduce the impact of traffic noise on people. PMID:26938865

77 FR 71030 - Petition To Modify an Exemption of a Previously Approved Antitheft Device; Mitsubishi Motors R&D...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-28

... encrypted start-code signal to the engine ECU to allow the driver to start the vehicle. The power train only... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Petition To Modify an... Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Grant of...

Analysis of Associate Degree Program for Traffic Safety Technicians. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shimada, Jonathan K.

A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the Associate Degree Program for Traffic Engineering Technicians (TET's) offered at three community colleges on students' subsequent job performance as technicians. Data were collected by means of personal interviews and telephone interviews with 81 students, their primary instructors, and their…

Safety impact of engineering treatments on undivided rural roads.

PubMed

Pérez, I

2006-01-01

This article presents an evaluation of the safety impacts of four engineering treatments implemented in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (Spain): highway upgrading; updating and improvement of traffic signing; repainting of pavement markings and pavement resurfacings. This evaluation was carried out using the Empirical Bayes method with a comparison group. The functioning of a methodology to test the significance of the safety impact is described. The results show that highway upgrading has a positive and significant safety impact, while the updating and improvement of traffic signing, the repainting of road markings and pavement resurfacings do not exhibit a significant impact on safety.

Qualitative study to explore stakeholder perceptions related to road safety in Hyderabad, India.

PubMed

Tetali, Shailaja; Lakshmi, J K; Gupta, Shivam; Gururaj, G; Wadhwaniya, Shirin; Hyder, Adnan A

2013-12-01

The Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Programme in India focuses on reduction of drink driving and increase in helmet usage in the city of Hyderabad. During the early stages of implementation, perceptions of stakeholders on road safety were explored as part of the monitoring and evaluation process for a better understanding of areas for improving road safety in Hyderabad. Fifteen in-depth interviews with government officials, subject experts, and road traffic injury victims, and four focus group discussions with trauma surgeons, medical interns, nurses, and taxi drivers were conducted, analysed manually, and presented as themes. Respondents found Hyderabad unsafe for road-users. Factors such as inadequate traffic laws, gaps in enforcement, lack of awareness, lack of political will, poor road engineering, and high-risk road users were identified as threats to road safety. The responsibility for road safety was assigned to both individual road-users and the government, with the former bearing the responsibility for safe traffic behaviour, and the latter for infrastructure provision and enforcement of regulations. The establishment of a lead agency to co-ordinate awareness generation, better road engineering, and stricter enforcement of traffic laws with economic and non-economic penalties for suboptimal traffic behaviour, could facilitate improved road safety in Hyderabad. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

49 CFR Appendix C to Part 222 - Guide to Establishing Quiet Zones

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Horns will not be subject to annual reviews. (5) The use of FRA's web-based Quiet Zone Calculator is... appendix A (e.g., shorter than required traffic channelization devices), non-engineering ASMs (e.g., programmed law enforcement), and engineering ASMs (i.e., engineering improvements other than modified SSMs...

An Evaluation of the Pavement Condition Index Prediction Model for Rigid Airfield Pavements

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGO(I*%A Data Entotoi) The United States Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory...Condition . . . 31 Pavement Design/ Construction ....... . 82 Aircraft Traffic ........ .............. 82 Climate Conditions ........ ............. 84...PATTERSON AFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 C. DATA OBTAINED FROM THE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING RESEARCH LABORATORY. .. .. 168 D

Integrated Display and Simulation for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast and Traffic Collision Avoidance System Data Fusion.

PubMed

Wang, Yanran; Xiao, Gang; Dai, Zhouyun

2017-11-13

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is the direction of airspace surveillance development. Research analyzing the benefits of Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and ADS-B data fusion is almost absent. The paper proposes an ADS-B minimum system from ADS-B In and ADS-B Out. In ADS-B In, a fusion model with a variable sampling Variational Bayesian-Interacting Multiple Model (VSVB-IMM) algorithm is proposed for integrated display and an airspace traffic situation display is developed by using ADS-B information. ADS-B Out includes ADS-B Out transmission based on a simulator platform and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform. This paper describes the overall implementation of ADS-B minimum system, including theoretical model design, experimental simulation verification, engineering implementation, results analysis, etc. Simulation and implementation results show that the fused system has better performance than each independent subsystem and it can work well in engineering applications.

23 CFR 620.201 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 620.201 Section 620.201 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.201 Purpose. To prescribe Federal Highway Administration (FHWA...

Best Manufacturing Practices Survey Conducted at Litton Data Systems Division, Van Nuys, California

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

Hardware and Software ................................ 10 DESIGN RELEASE Engineering Change Order Processing and Analysis...structured using bridges to isolate local traffic. Long term plans call for a wide-band network. ENGINEERING CHANGE ORDER PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

23 CFR 620.201 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 620.201 Section 620.201 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.201 Purpose. To prescribe Federal Highway Administration (FHWA...

23 CFR 620.201 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 620.201 Section 620.201 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.201 Purpose. To prescribe Federal Highway Administration (FHWA...

23 CFR 620.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.202 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to highway... a project. The provisions of this subpart apply only to relinquishment of facilities for continued...

23 CFR 620.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.202 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to highway... a project. The provisions of this subpart apply only to relinquishment of facilities for continued...

23 CFR 620.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.202 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to highway... a project. The provisions of this subpart apply only to relinquishment of facilities for continued...

Jet aircraft engine emissions database development: 1992 military, charter, and nonscheduled traffic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Metwally, Munir

1995-01-01

Studies relating to environmental emissions database for the military, charter, and non-scheduled traffic for the year 1992 were conducted by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace Transport Aircraft. The report also includes a comparison with a previous emission database for year 1990. Discussions of the methodology used in formulating these databases are provided.

76 FR 76097 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Establishment of U.S. Munitions List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-06

...As part of the President's Export Control Reform effort, the Department of State proposes to amend the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) to establish Category XIX of the U.S. Munitions List (USML) to describe gas turbine engines and associated equipment warranting control on the USML.

Florida specific NTCIP MIB development for actuated signal controller (ASC), closed-circuit television (CCTV), and center-to-center (C2C) communications with SunGuideSM software and ITS device test procedure development : summary of final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

To provide hardware, software, network, systems research, and testing for multi-million dollar traffic : operations, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and statewide communications investments, the : Traffic Engineering and Operations Office h...

Florida specific NTCIP MIB development for actuated signal controller (ASC), closed-circuit television (CCTV), and center-to-center (C2C) communications with SunGuideSM software and ITS device test procedure development : executive summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

To provide hardware, software, network, systems research, and testing for multi-million : dollar traffic operations, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), and statewide : communications investments, the Traffic Engineering and Operations Office h...

23 CFR 636.119 - How does this part apply to a project developed under a public-private partnership?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.119 How... engineering service contracts, 23 CFR part 635 for construction contracts and the requirements of this part...

23 CFR 620.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 620.202 Section 620.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.202 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to highway...

23 CFR 620.102 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 620.102 Section 620.102 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.102 Applicability. The requirements of this section...

23 CFR 620.102 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 620.102 Section 620.102 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.102 Applicability. The requirements of this section...

23 CFR 620.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 620.202 Section 620.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.202 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart apply to highway...

23 CFR 620.102 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicability. 620.102 Section 620.102 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.102 Applicability. The requirements of this section...

49 CFR 583.12 - Suppliers of engines and transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Suppliers of engines and transmissions. 583.12 Section 583.12 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING...

49 CFR 583.12 - Suppliers of engines and transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Suppliers of engines and transmissions. 583.12 Section 583.12 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING...

49 CFR 583.12 - Suppliers of engines and transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Suppliers of engines and transmissions. 583.12 Section 583.12 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING...

49 CFR 583.12 - Suppliers of engines and transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Suppliers of engines and transmissions. 583.12 Section 583.12 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING...

49 CFR 583.12 - Suppliers of engines and transmissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Suppliers of engines and transmissions. 583.12 Section 583.12 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AUTOMOBILE PARTS CONTENT LABELING...

23 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Types of Contracts to Which the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Is Applicable

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS REQUIRED CONTRACT PROVISIONS Federal-Aid.... Construction. 2. Planning. 3. Research. 4. Highway Safety. 5. Engineering. 6. Property Management. 7. Fee...

Dynamics of traffic flow with real-time traffic information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokoya, Yasushi

2004-01-01

We studied dynamics of traffic flow with real-time information provided. Provision of the real-time traffic information based on advancements in telecommunication technology is expected to facilitate the efficient utilization of available road capacity. This system has a potentiality of not only engineering for road usage but also the science of complexity series. In the system, the information plays a role of feedback connecting microscopic and macroscopic phenomena beyond the hierarchical structure of statistical physics. In this paper, we tried to clarify how the information works in a network of traffic flow from the perspective of statistical physics. The dynamical feature of the traffic flow is abstracted by a contrastive study between the nonequilibrium statistical physics and a computer simulation based on cellular automaton. We found that the information disrupts the local equilibrium of traffic flow by a characteristic dissipation process due to interaction between the information and individual vehicles. The dissipative structure was observed in the time evolution of traffic flow driven far from equilibrium as a consequence of the breakdown of the local-equilibrium hypothesis.

Modelling and optimization of rotary parking system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skrzyniowski, A.

2016-09-01

The increasing number of vehicles in cities is a cause of traffic congestion which interrupts the smooth traffic flow. The established EU policy underlines the importance of restoring spaces for pedestrian traffic and public communication. The overall vehicle parking process in some parts of a city takes so much time that it has a negative impact on the environment. This article presents different kinds of solution with special focus on the rotary parking system (PO). This article is based on a project realized at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of Cracow University of Technology.

Time-resolved characterization of primary and secondary particle emissions of a modern gasoline passenger car

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karjalainen, P.; Timonen, H.; Saukko, E.; Kuuluvainen, H.; Saarikoski, S.; Aakko-Saksa, P.; Murtonen, T.; Dal Maso, M.; Ahlberg, E.; Svenningsson, B.; Brune, W. H.; Hillamo, R.; Keskinen, J.; Rönkkö, T.

2015-11-01

Changes in traffic systems and vehicle emission reduction technologies significantly affect traffic-related emissions in urban areas. In many densely populated areas the amount of traffic is increasing, keeping the emission level high or even increasing. To understand the health effects of traffic related emissions, both primary and secondary particles that are formed in the atmosphere from gaseous exhaust emissions need to be characterized. In this study we used a comprehensive set of measurements to characterize both primary and secondary particulate emissions of a modern gasoline passenger car. Our aerosol particle study covers the whole process chain in emission formation, from the engine to the atmosphere, and takes into account also differences in driving patterns. We observed that in mass terms, the amount of secondary particles was 13 times higher than the amount of primary particles. The formation, composition, number, and mass of secondary particles was significantly affected by driving patterns and engine conditions. The highest gaseous and particulate emissions were observed at the beginning of the test cycle when the performance of the engine and the catalyst was below optimal. The key parameter for secondary particle formation was the amount of gaseous hydrocarbons in primary emissions; however, also the primary particle population had an influence. Thus, in order to enhance human health and wellbeing in urban areas, our study strongly indicates that in future legislation, special attention should be directed into the reduction of gaseous hydrocarbons.

23 CFR 620.104 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Standards. 620.104 Section 620.104 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.104 Standards. A finding of public interest by FHWA...

23 CFR 650.809 - Movable span bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... shall be selected wherever practicable. If there are social, economic, environmental or engineering reasons which favor the selection of a movable bridge, a cost benefit analysis to support the need for the...

23 CFR 650.809 - Movable span bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... shall be selected wherever practicable. If there are social, economic, environmental or engineering reasons which favor the selection of a movable bridge, a cost benefit analysis to support the need for the...

23 CFR 650.809 - Movable span bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... shall be selected wherever practicable. If there are social, economic, environmental or engineering reasons which favor the selection of a movable bridge, a cost benefit analysis to support the need for the...

23 CFR 620.203 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Procedures. 620.203 Section 620.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.203 Procedures. (a) After final acceptance of a project on the Federal...

23 CFR 620.104 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Standards. 620.104 Section 620.104 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.104 Standards. A finding of public interest by FHWA...

23 CFR 620.104 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Standards. 620.104 Section 620.104 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.104 Standards. A finding of public interest by FHWA...

23 CFR 620.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 620.101 Section 620.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.101 Purpose. The purpose of this section is to...

23 CFR 620.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 620.101 Section 620.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.101 Purpose. The purpose of this section is to...

23 CFR 620.203 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Procedures. 620.203 Section 620.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Relinquishment of Highway Facilities § 620.203 Procedures. (a) After final acceptance of a project on the Federal...

23 CFR 620.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 620.101 Section 620.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.101 Purpose. The purpose of this section is to...

23 CFR 620.103 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Policy. 620.103 Section 620.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements... the costs of reconstruction or relocation of any highway to which this section applies unless the...

1. Photocopy of drawing 1958 architectural drawing by the Ralph ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photocopy of drawing 1958 architectural drawing by the Ralph Parsons Company in possession of Vandenberg Air Force Base Civil Engineering Office) FLOOR PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND DETAILS FOR TRAFFIC CHECK HOUSE (BLDG. 759), AND THEODOLITE SHELTERS, SHEET A9 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Traffic Check House, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Supporting Safe Content-Inspection of Web Traffic

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

domain exchanges are cases in point. A number of interception-based func- tions require deep inspection of the traffic, meaning operations that need to...suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway...distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES CROSSTALK The Journal of Defense Software Engineering September 2008 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT

23 CFR 620.102 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicability. 620.102 Section 620.102 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING... apply to all projects on which Federal-aid highway funds are to be expended and to both civil and...

23 CFR 620.102 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicability. 620.102 Section 620.102 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING... apply to all projects on which Federal-aid highway funds are to be expended and to both civil and...

23 CFR 620.103 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Policy. 620.103 Section 620.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.103 Policy. (a) Federal-aid highway funds shall not participate in...

23 CFR 620.103 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Policy. 620.103 Section 620.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.103 Policy. (a) Federal-aid highway funds shall not participate in...

23 CFR 620.103 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy. 620.103 Section 620.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS ENGINEERING Highway Improvements in the Vicinity of Airports § 620.103 Policy. (a) Federal-aid highway funds shall not participate in...

23 CFR 660.117 - Funding, records and accounting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... be required. (b) Funds for FHs may be used for: (1) Planning; (2) Federal Lands Highway research; (3) Preliminary and construction engineering; and (4) Construction. (c) Funds for FHs may be made available for...

23 CFR 635.411 - Material or product selection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... is used for research or for a distinctive type of construction on relatively short sections of road... quality and equally acceptable on the basis of engineering analysis and the anticipated prices for the...

23 CFR 635.411 - Material or product selection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... is used for research or for a distinctive type of construction on relatively short sections of road... quality and equally acceptable on the basis of engineering analysis and the anticipated prices for the...

Curve Estimation of Number of People Killed in Traffic Accidents in Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berkhan Akalin, Kadir; Karacasu, Murat; Altin, Arzu Yavuz; Ergül, Bariş

2016-10-01

One or more than one vehicle in motion on the highway involving death, injury and loss events which have resulted are called accidents. As a result of increasing population and traffic density, traffic accidents continue to increase and this leads to both human losses and harm to the economy. In addition, also leads to social problems. As a result of increasing population and traffic density, traffic accidents continue to increase and this leads to both human losses and harm to the economy. In addition to this, it also leads to social problems. As a result of traffic accidents, millions of people die year by year. A great majority of these accidents occur in developing countries. One of the most important tasks of transportation engineers is to reduce traffic accidents by creating a specific system. For that reason, statistical information about traffic accidents which occur in the past years should be organized by versed people. Factors affecting the traffic accidents are analyzed in various ways. In this study, modelling the number of people killed in traffic accidents in Turkey is determined. The dead people were modelled using curve fitting method with the number of people killed in traffic accidents in Turkey dataset between 1990 and 2014. It was also predicted the number of dead people by using various models for the future. It is decided that linear model is suitable for the estimates.

Understanding traffic dynamics at a backbone POP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taft, Nina; Bhattacharyya, Supratik; Jetcheva, Jorjeta; Diot, Christophe

2001-07-01

Spatial and temporal information about traffic dynamics is central to the design of effective traffic engineering practices for IP backbones. In this paper we study backbone traffic dynamics using data collected at a major POP on a tier-1 IP backbone. We develop a methodology that combines packet-level traces from access links in the POP and BGP routing information to build components of POP-to-POP traffic matrices. Our results show that there is wide disparity in the volume of traffic headed towards different egress POPs. At the same time, we find that current routing practices in the backbone tend to constrain traffic between ingress-egress POP pairs to a small number of paths. As a result, there is a wide variation in the utilization level of links in the backbone. Frequent capacity upgrades of the heavily used links are expensive; the need for such upgrades can be reduced by designing load balancing policies that will route more traffic over less utilized links. We identify traffic aggregates based on destination address prefixes and find that this set of criteria isolates a few aggregates that account for an overwhelmingly large portion of inter-POP traffic. We also demonstrate that these aggregates exhibit stability throughout the day on per-hour time scales, and thus they form a natural basis for splitting traffic over multiple paths in order to improve load balancing.

23 CFR 646.218 - Simplified procedure for accelerating grade crossing improvements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... preliminary engineering costs may include those incurred in selecting crossings to be improved, determining the type of improvement for each crossing, estimating the cost and preparing the required agreement... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway Projects § 646.218 Simplified procedure for...

23 CFR 646.218 - Simplified procedure for accelerating grade crossing improvements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... preliminary engineering costs may include those incurred in selecting crossings to be improved, determining the type of improvement for each crossing, estimating the cost and preparing the required agreement... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway Projects § 646.218 Simplified procedure for...

23 CFR 646.218 - Simplified procedure for accelerating grade crossing improvements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... preliminary engineering costs may include those incurred in selecting crossings to be improved, determining the type of improvement for each crossing, estimating the cost and preparing the required agreement... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway Projects § 646.218 Simplified procedure for...

23 CFR 646.218 - Simplified procedure for accelerating grade crossing improvements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... preliminary engineering costs may include those incurred in selecting crossings to be improved, determining the type of improvement for each crossing, estimating the cost and preparing the required agreement... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway Projects § 646.218 Simplified procedure for...

23 CFR 646.218 - Simplified procedure for accelerating grade crossing improvements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... preliminary engineering costs may include those incurred in selecting crossings to be improved, determining the type of improvement for each crossing, estimating the cost and preparing the required agreement... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad-Highway Projects § 646.218 Simplified procedure for...

23 CFR 627.5 - Applicable projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicable projects. 627.5 Section 627.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 Applicable projects. (a) A VE analysis shall be conducted prior to the completion of final...

23 CFR 627.5 - Applicable projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicable projects. 627.5 Section 627.5 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.5 Applicable projects. (a) A VE analysis shall be conducted prior to the completion of final...

23 CFR 636.208 - May I use my existing prequalification procedures with design-build contracts?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... design-build contracts? 636.208 Section 636.208 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Selection Procedures, Award Criteria... use your existing prequalification procedures for either construction or engineering design firms as a...

Optimization strategy for and structural properties of traffic efficiency under bounded information accessibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanghyun, Ahn; Seungwoong, Ha; Kim, Soo Yong

2016-06-01

A vital challenge for many socioeconomic systems is determining the optimum use of limited information. Traffic systems, wherein the range of resources is limited, are a particularly good example of this challenge. Based on bounded information accessibility in terms of, for example, high costs or technical limitations, we develop a new optimization strategy to improve the efficiency of a traffic system with signals and intersections. Numerous studies, including the study by Chowdery and Schadschneider (whose method we denote by ChSch), have attempted to achieve the maximum vehicle speed or the minimum wait time for a given traffic condition. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of ChSch with an independently functioning, decentralized control system. With the new model, we determine the optimization strategy under bounded information accessibility, which proves the existence of an optimal point for phase transitions in the system. The paper also provides insight that can be applied by traffic engineers to create more efficient traffic systems by analyzing the area and symmetry of local sites. We support our results with a statistical analysis using empirical traffic data from Seoul, Korea.

Air Traffic Management Research at NASA Ames Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Katharine

2005-01-01

Since the late 1980's, NASA Ames researchers have been investigating ways to improve the air transportation system through the development of decision support automation. These software advances, such as the Center-TRACON Automation System (eTAS) have been developed with teams of engineers, software developers, human factors experts, and air traffic controllers; some ASA Ames decision support tools are currently operational in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) facilities and some are in use by the airlines. These tools have provided air traffic controllers and traffic managers the capabilities to help reduce overall delays and holding, and provide significant cost savings to the airlines as well as more manageable workload levels for air traffic service providers. NASA is continuing to collaborate with the FAA, as well as other government agencies, to plan and develop the next generation of decision support tools that will support anticipated changes in the air transportation system, including a projected increase to three times today's air-traffic levels by 2025. The presentation will review some of NASA Ames' recent achievements in air traffic management research, and discuss future tool developments and concepts currently under consideration.

Integrated Display and Simulation for Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast and Traffic Collision Avoidance System Data Fusion

PubMed Central

Wang, Yanran; Xiao, Gang; Dai, Zhouyun

2017-01-01

Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) is the direction of airspace surveillance development. Research analyzing the benefits of Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and ADS-B data fusion is almost absent. The paper proposes an ADS-B minimum system from ADS-B In and ADS-B Out. In ADS-B In, a fusion model with a variable sampling Variational Bayesian-Interacting Multiple Model (VSVB-IMM) algorithm is proposed for integrated display and an airspace traffic situation display is developed by using ADS-B information. ADS-B Out includes ADS-B Out transmission based on a simulator platform and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform. This paper describes the overall implementation of ADS-B minimum system, including theoretical model design, experimental simulation verification, engineering implementation, results analysis, etc. Simulation and implementation results show that the fused system has better performance than each independent subsystem and it can work well in engineering applications. PMID:29137194

Future FAA Telecommunications Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

the reliability and maintainability of the present system . Increases in flight traffic and resultant data loads have caused delays in the processing of...is received; h. Analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the traffic management system and notify specialists of results within 10 seconds of request...emergencies. 5-2 August 1991 "o Notice to Airmen (NOTAM): Accept NOTAMs and distribute them to appropriate ACCC, TCCC, and systems engineer positions. o

A Principled Approach to Managing Routing in Large ISP Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

giving me valuable feedback on my work . v I owe a special thank you to Ioannis Avramopoulos, Eric Keller, Brian Biskeborn and Michael Schapira for their...Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 5.3.1 Using Morpheus and VROOM to Handle Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . 124...when working at maximum capacity [17]. We argue that, with VROOM , the variations in daily traffic volume can be exploited to reduce power consumption

Key Problems of Fire Safety Enforcement in Traffic and Communication Centers (TCC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medyanik, M.; Zosimova, O.

2017-10-01

A Traffic and Communication Center (TCC) means facilities designed and used to distribute and redirect flows of humans and motor vehicles while they get serviced and operate. This paper sets forth the basic problems of fire safety enforcement on the TCC, and the causes that slow down human and vehicle traffic speeds. It proposes ways to solve the problems of fire safety enforcement on the TCC, in the Russian Federation and elsewhere. Engineering solutions are proposed for TCC design, with key outlooks of TCC future development as an alternative way to organize access in transportation.

Traffic Flow Density Distribution Based on FEM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Jing; Cui, Jianming

In analysis of normal traffic flow, it usually uses the static or dynamic model to numerical analyze based on fluid mechanics. However, in such handling process, the problem of massive modeling and data handling exist, and the accuracy is not high. Finite Element Method (FEM) is a production which is developed from the combination of a modern mathematics, mathematics and computer technology, and it has been widely applied in various domain such as engineering. Based on existing theory of traffic flow, ITS and the development of FEM, a simulation theory of the FEM that solves the problems existing in traffic flow is put forward. Based on this theory, using the existing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, the traffic flow is simulated analyzed with fluid mechanics and the dynamics. Massive data processing problem of manually modeling and numerical analysis is solved, and the authenticity of simulation is enhanced.

Strategies for prevention of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Pakistan: situational analysis.

PubMed

Khan, Adeel Ahmed; Fatmi, Zafar

2014-05-01

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are one of the leading causes of death among productive age group. Using systems approach framework (SAF), current preventive strategies for RTI control were reviewed in Pakistan. A review of the literature was done using four international search engines. Only ten studies on preventive strategies for RTI stemming from Pakistan were found. The first Road Traffic Injuries Research Network (RTIRN) surveillance system for road traffic injuries was established in urban city (Karachi) in Pakistan has shown promise for injury control and should be scaled up to other cities. Enforcement of traffic laws on seat-belt and helmet wearing is poor. National Highway and Motorway Police Ordinance (2000) was one of the few legislative measure so far taken in Pakistan. Using SAF, efforts are required to implement interventions targeting human, vehicle design and also making environment safer for road users.

Application of positive matrix factorization to identify potential sources of PAHs in soil of Dalian, China.

PubMed

Wang, Degao; Tian, Fulin; Yang, Meng; Liu, Chenlin; Li, Yi-Fan

2009-05-01

Soil derived sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the region of Dalian, China were investigated using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Three factors were separated based on PMF for the statistical investigation of the datasets both in summer and winter. These factors were dominated by the pattern of single sources or groups of similar sources, showing seasonal and regional variations. The main sources of PAHs in Dalian soil in summer were the emissions from coal combustion average (46%), diesel engine (30%), and gasoline engine (24%). In winter, the main sources were the emissions from coal-fired boiler (72%), traffic average (20%), and gasoline engine (8%). These factors with strong seasonality indicated that coal combustion in winter and traffic exhaust in summer dominated the sources of PAHs in soil. These results suggested that PMF model was a proper approach to identify the sources of PAHs in soil.

Countermeasures to Improve the Driving Performance of Older Drivers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashman, Richard D.; And Others

1994-01-01

In a 2-year project, 105 older drivers were given physical therapy (flexibility exercises), perceptual therapy (to improve visual discrimination), and driver education; traffic engineering modifications were also made. All four interventions improved performance an average of 7.9%. Engineering was most cost effective on high-volume roads, the…

23 CFR 627.7 - VE programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false VE programs. 627.7 Section 627.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.7 VE programs. (a) The STA shall establish and sustain a VE program under which VE analyses are...

23 CFR 627.7 - VE programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false VE programs. 627.7 Section 627.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS VALUE ENGINEERING § 627.7 VE programs. (a) The STA shall establish and sustain a VE program under which VE analyses are...

Aging road user studies of intersection safety : lab and simulator-based studies of crosswalk markings and flashing yellow arrow comprehension -- phase 2 : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

Nearly half of all traffic-related fatalities occur : at intersections, so engineering intersections : for greater safety remains a priority for the : Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT). : Engineering in this case must take into accoun...

Consensus-Based Cooperative Control Based on Pollution Sensing and Traffic Information for Urban Traffic Networks

PubMed Central

Artuñedo, Antonio; del Toro, Raúl M.; Haber, Rodolfo E.

2017-01-01

Nowadays many studies are being conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation among different entities such as vehicles or infrastructure systems and how to exploit the information available through networks of sensors deployed as infrastructures for smart cities. In this work an algorithm for cooperative control of urban subsystems is proposed to provide a solution for mobility problems in cities. The interconnected traffic lights controller (TLC) network adapts traffic lights cycles, based on traffic and air pollution sensory information, in order to improve the performance of urban traffic networks. The presence of air pollution in cities is not only caused by road traffic but there are other pollution sources that contribute to increase or decrease the pollution level. Due to the distributed and heterogeneous nature of the different components involved, a system of systems engineering approach is applied to design a consensus-based control algorithm. The designed control strategy contains a consensus-based component that uses the information shared in the network for reaching a consensus in the state of TLC network components. Discrete event systems specification is applied for modelling and simulation. The proposed solution is assessed by simulation studies with very promising results to deal with simultaneous responses to both pollution levels and traffic flows in urban traffic networks. PMID:28445398

Consensus-Based Cooperative Control Based on Pollution Sensing and Traffic Information for Urban Traffic Networks.

PubMed

Artuñedo, Antonio; Del Toro, Raúl M; Haber, Rodolfo E

2017-04-26

Nowadays many studies are being conducted to develop solutions for improving the performance of urban traffic networks. One of the main challenges is the necessary cooperation among different entities such as vehicles or infrastructure systems and how to exploit the information available through networks of sensors deployed as infrastructures for smart cities. In this work an algorithm for cooperative control of urban subsystems is proposed to provide a solution for mobility problems in cities. The interconnected traffic lights controller ( TLC ) network adapts traffic lights cycles, based on traffic and air pollution sensory information, in order to improve the performance of urban traffic networks. The presence of air pollution in cities is not only caused by road traffic but there are other pollution sources that contribute to increase or decrease the pollution level. Due to the distributed and heterogeneous nature of the different components involved, a system of systems engineering approach is applied to design a consensus-based control algorithm. The designed control strategy contains a consensus-based component that uses the information shared in the network for reaching a consensus in the state of TLC network components. Discrete event systems specification is applied for modelling and simulation. The proposed solution is assessed by simulation studies with very promising results to deal with simultaneous responses to both pollution levels and traffic flows in urban traffic networks.

Development and application of traffic flow information collecting and analysis system based on multi-type video

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Mujie; Shang, Wenjie; Ji, Xinkai; Hua, Mingzhuang; Cheng, Kuo

2015-12-01

Nowadays, intelligent transportation system (ITS) has already become the new direction of transportation development. Traffic data, as a fundamental part of intelligent transportation system, is having a more and more crucial status. In recent years, video observation technology has been widely used in the field of traffic information collecting. Traffic flow information contained in video data has many advantages which is comprehensive and can be stored for a long time, but there are still many problems, such as low precision and high cost in the process of collecting information. This paper aiming at these problems, proposes a kind of traffic target detection method with broad applicability. Based on three different ways of getting video data, such as aerial photography, fixed camera and handheld camera, we develop a kind of intelligent analysis software which can be used to extract the macroscopic, microscopic traffic flow information in the video, and the information can be used for traffic analysis and transportation planning. For road intersections, the system uses frame difference method to extract traffic information, for freeway sections, the system uses optical flow method to track the vehicles. The system was applied in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, and the application shows that the system for extracting different types of traffic flow information has a high accuracy, it can meet the needs of traffic engineering observations and has a good application prospect.

Unintentional non-traffic injury and fatal events: Threats to children in and around vehicles.

PubMed

Zonfrillo, Mark R; Ramsay, Mackenzie L; Fennell, Janette E; Andreasen, Amber

2018-02-17

There have been substantial reductions in motor vehicle crash-related child fatalities due to advances in legislation, public safety campaigns, and engineering. Less is known about non-traffic injuries and fatalities to children in and around motor vehicles. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of various non-traffic incidents, injuries, and fatalities to children using a unique surveillance system and database. Instances of non-traffic injuries and fatalities in the United States to children 0-14 years were tracked from January 1990 to December 2014 using a compilation of sources including media reports, individual accounts from families of affected children, medical examiner reports, police reports, child death review teams, coroner reports, medical professionals, legal professionals, and other various modes of publication. Over the 25-year period, there were at least 11,759 events resulting in 3,396 deaths. The median age of the affected child was 3.7 years. The incident types included 3,115 children unattended in hot vehicles resulting in 729 deaths, 2,251 backovers resulting in 1,232 deaths, 1,439 frontovers resulting in 692 deaths, 777 vehicles knocked into motion resulting in 227 deaths, 415 underage drivers resulting in 203 deaths, 172 power window incidents resulting in 61 deaths, 134 falls resulting in 54 deaths, 79 fires resulting in 41 deaths, and 3,377 other incidents resulting in 157 deaths. Non-traffic injuries and fatalities present an important threat to the safety and lives of very young children. Future efforts should consider complementary surveillance mechanisms to systematically and comprehensively capture all non-traffic incidents. Continued education, engineering modifications, advocacy, and legislation can help continue to prevent these incidents and must be incorporated in overall child vehicle safety initiatives.

Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS): Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) investigation. Phase 1: Feasibility study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burgess, Malcolm; Davis, Dean; Hollister, Walter; Sorensen, John A.

1991-01-01

The possibility of the Threat Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) traffic sensor and display being used for meaningful Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) applications has resulted in the Federal Aviation Administration initiating a project to establish the technical and operational requirements to realize this potential. Phase 1 of the project is presented here. Phase 1 was organized to define specific CDTI applications for the terminal area, to determine what has already been learned about CDTI technology relevant to these applications, and to define the engineering required to supply the remaining TCAS-CDTI technology for capacity benefit realization. The CDTI applications examined have been limited to those appropriate to the final approach and departure phases of flight.

Web-based Traffic Noise Control Support System for Sustainable Transportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Lisa; Dai, Liming; Li, Anson

Traffic noise is considered as one of the major pollutions that will affect our communities in the future. This paper presents a framework of web-based traffic noise control support system (WTNCSS) for a sustainable transportation. WTNCSS is to provide the decision makers, engineers and publics a platform to efficiently access the information, and effectively making decisions related to traffic control. The system is based on a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) which takes the advantages of the convenience of World Wide Web system with the data format of XML. The whole system is divided into different modules such as the prediction module, ontology-based expert module and dynamic online survey module. Each module of the system provides a distinct information service to the decision support center through the HTTP protocol.

Engineered T cells for cancer treatment

PubMed Central

Anurathapan, Usanarat; Leen, Ann M.; Brenner, Malcolm K.; Vera, Juan F.

2014-01-01

Adoptively transferred T cells have the capacity to traffic to distant tumor sites, infiltrate even fibrotic tissue and kill antigen-expressing tumor cells. A variety of groups have investigated different genetic engineering strategies designed to enhance tumor specificity, increase T cell potency, improve proliferation, persistence, or migratory capacity, and increase safety. In this review we focus on recent developments in the T cell engineering arena, discuss the application of these engineered cell products clinically, and outline future prospects for this therapeutic modality. PMID:24239105

The development of the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST): A cooperative controller-engineer design approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Katharine K.; Davis, Thomas J.

1995-01-01

Historically, the development of advanced automation for air traffic control in the United States has excluded the input of the air traffic controller until the need of the development process. In contrast, the development of the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST), for the terminal area controller, has incorporated the end-user in early, iterative testing. This paper describes a cooperative between the controller and the developer to create a tool which incorporates the complexity of the air traffic controller's job. This approach to software development has enhanced the usability of FAST and has helped smooth the introduction of FAST into the operational environment.

Stop/Start: Overview

Science.gov Websites

/Start technology conserves energy by shutting off the gasoline engine when the vehicle is at rest, such as at a traffic light, and automatically re-starting it when the driver pushes the gas pedal to go engine when pulling out from a stop and generating electricity which is stored in the battery. Main stage

Using Visual Simulation Tools And Learning Outcomes-Based Curriculum To Help Transportation Engineering Students And Practitioners To Better Understand And Design Traffic Signal Control Systems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

The use of visual simulation tools to convey complex concepts has become a useful tool in education as well as in research. : This report describes a project that developed curriculum and visualization tools to train transportation engineering studen...

Safety effects of low-cost engineering measures. An observational study in a Portuguese multilane road.

PubMed

Vieira Gomes, Sandra; Cardoso, João Lourenço

2012-09-01

Single carriageway multilane roads are not, in general, a very safe type of road, mainly because of the high number of seriously injured victims in head-on collisions, when compared with dual carriageway multilane roads, with a median barrier. In this paper the results of a study on the effect of the application of several low cost engineering measures, aimed at road infrastructure correction and road safety improvement on a multilane road (EN6), are presented. The study was developed by the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC) for the Portuguese Road Administration and involved a comparison of selected aspects of motorized traffic behaviour (traffic volumes and speeds) measured in several sections of EN6, as well as monitoring of road safety developments in the same road. The applied low cost engineering measures allowed a reduction of 10% in the expected annual number of personal injury accidents and a 70% decrease in the expected annual number of head-on collisions; the expected annual frequency of accidents involving killed and seriously injured persons was reduced by 26%. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Engineering Social Justice into Traffic Control for Self-Driving Vehicles?

PubMed

Mladenovic, Milos N; McPherson, Tristram

2016-08-01

The convergence of computing, sensing, and communication technology will soon permit large-scale deployment of self-driving vehicles. This will in turn permit a radical transformation of traffic control technology. This paper makes a case for the importance of addressing questions of social justice in this transformation, and sketches a preliminary framework for doing so. We explain how new forms of traffic control technology have potential implications for several dimensions of social justice, including safety, sustainability, privacy, efficiency, and equal access. Our central focus is on efficiency and equal access as desiderata for traffic control design. We explain the limitations of conventional traffic control in meeting these desiderata, and sketch a preliminary vision for a next-generation traffic control tailored to address better the demands of social justice. One component of this vision is cooperative, hierarchically distributed self-organization among vehicles. Another component of this vision is a priority system enabling selection of priority levels by the user for each vehicle trip in the network, based on the supporting structure of non-monetary credits.

A SPATIOTEMPORAL APPROACH FOR HIGH RESOLUTION TRAFFIC FLOW IMPUTATION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Han, Lee; Chin, Shih-Miao; Hwang, Ho-Ling

Along with the rapid development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), traffic data collection technologies have been evolving dramatically. The emergence of innovative data collection technologies such as Remote Traffic Microwave Sensor (RTMS), Bluetooth sensor, GPS-based Floating Car method, automated license plate recognition (ALPR) (1), etc., creates an explosion of traffic data, which brings transportation engineering into the new era of Big Data. However, despite the advance of technologies, the missing data issue is still inevitable and has posed great challenges for research such as traffic forecasting, real-time incident detection and management, dynamic route guidance, and massive evacuation optimization, because themore » degree of success of these endeavors depends on the timely availability of relatively complete and reasonably accurate traffic data. A thorough literature review suggests most current imputation models, if not all, focus largely on the temporal nature of the traffic data and fail to consider the fact that traffic stream characteristics at a certain location are closely related to those at neighboring locations and utilize these correlations for data imputation. To this end, this paper presents a Kriging based spatiotemporal data imputation approach that is able to fully utilize the spatiotemporal information underlying in traffic data. Imputation performance of the proposed approach was tested using simulated scenarios and achieved stable imputation accuracy. Moreover, the proposed Kriging imputation model is more flexible compared to current models.« less

UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-06

Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators. Engineer Joey Mercer reviews flight paths using the UAS traffic management research platform UTM coordinator app to verify and validate flight paths.

Accelerating Imitation Learning in Relational Domains via Transfer by Initialization

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-28

Warcraft , regulation of traffic lights, logistics, and a variety of planning domains. A supervised learning method for imitation learning was recently...some information about the world (traffic density at a signal, distance to the goal etc.). We assume a functional parametrization over the policy and...strategy (RTS) game engine written in C based off the Warcraft series of games. Like all RTS games, it allows multiple agents to be controlled

[Road safety measures and their effects on traffic injuries: a systematic review].

PubMed

Aguilera, Sandra Lúcia Vieira Ulinski; Moysés, Simone Tetú; Moysés, Samuel Jorge

2014-10-01

To identify and summarize the findings of studies describing interventions aimed at reducing road traffic injuries. An integrative systematic review without meta-analysis was performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to synthesize the findings of the articles reviewed. The keywords "traffic accidents", "review" and "public policy" were used in isolation or combined with boolean operator "And" to search PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS for the period between 2006 and 2011 RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, two described engineering strategies, two described other road safety policies, three described education strategies, and 15 described law enforcement policies. Law enforcement had the most effective immediate results. Engineering strategies proved important to promote a safe environment. Finally, education strategies had an informative role and served to support other strategies, but did not seem sufficient to promote cultural changes regarding road safety. Law enforcement seems to be the most effective strategy to change the behavior of drivers, especially regarding speed limits and drinking and driving.

Changes in crash risk following re-timing of traffic signal change intervals.

PubMed

Retting, Richard A; Chapline, Janella F; Williams, Allan F

2002-03-01

More than I million motor vehicle crashes occur annually at signalized intersections in the USA. The principal method used to prevent crashes associated with routine changes in signal indications is employment of a traffic signal change interval--a brief yellow and all-red period that follows the green indication. No universal practice exists for selecting the duration of change intervals, and little is known about the influence of the duration of the change interval on crash risk. The purpose of this study was to estimate potential crash effects of modifying the duration of traffic signal change intervals to conform with values associated with a proposed recommended practice published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers. A sample of 122 intersections was identified and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Of 51 eligible experimental sites, 40 (78%) needed signal timing changes. For the 3-year period following implementation of signal timing changes, there was an 8% reduction in reportable crashes at experimental sites relative to those occurring at control sites (P = 0.08). For injury crashes, a 12% reduction at experimental sites relative to those occurring at control sites was found (P = 0.03). Pedestrian and bicycle crashes at experimental sites decreased 37% (P = 0.03) relative to controls. Given these results and the relatively low cost of re-timing traffic signals, modifying the duration of traffic signal change intervals to conform with values associated with the Institute of Transportation Engineers' proposed recommended practice should be strongly considered by transportation agencies to reduce the frequency of urban motor vehicle crashes.

Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jalkanen, J.-P.; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J.; Brink, A.; Kalli, J.; Stipa, T.

2011-08-01

A method is presented for the evaluation of the exhaust emissions of marine traffic, based on the messages provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which enable the positioning of ship emissions with a high spatial resolution (typically a few metres). The model also takes into account the detailed technical data of each individual vessel. The previously developed model was applicable for evaluating the emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2. This paper addresses a substantial extension of the modelling system, to allow also for the mass-based emissions of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The presented Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model (STEAM2) allows for the influences of accurate travel routes and ship speed, engine load, fuel sulphur content, multiengine setups, abatement methods and waves. We address in particular the modeling of the influence on the emissions of both engine load and the sulphur content of the fuel. The presented methodology can be used to evaluate the total PM emissions, and those of organic carbon, elemental carbon, ash and hydrated sulphate. We have evaluated the performance of the extended model against available experimental data on engine power, fuel consumption and the composition-resolved emissions of PM. As example results, the geographical distributions of the emissions of PM and CO are presented for the marine regions surrounding the Danish Straits.

Using Inspiration from Synaptic Plasticity Rules to Optimize Traffic Flow in Distributed Engineered Networks.

PubMed

Suen, Jonathan Y; Navlakha, Saket

2017-05-01

Controlling the flow and routing of data is a fundamental problem in many distributed networks, including transportation systems, integrated circuits, and the Internet. In the brain, synaptic plasticity rules have been discovered that regulate network activity in response to environmental inputs, which enable circuits to be stable yet flexible. Here, we develop a new neuro-inspired model for network flow control that depends only on modifying edge weights in an activity-dependent manner. We show how two fundamental plasticity rules, long-term potentiation and long-term depression, can be cast as a distributed gradient descent algorithm for regulating traffic flow in engineered networks. We then characterize, both by simulation and analytically, how different forms of edge-weight-update rules affect network routing efficiency and robustness. We find a close correspondence between certain classes of synaptic weight update rules derived experimentally in the brain and rules commonly used in engineering, suggesting common principles to both.

Development of a Free-Flight Simulation Infrastructure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miles, Eric S.; Wing, David J.; Davis, Paul C.

1999-01-01

In anticipation of a projected rise in demand for air transportation, NASA and the FAA are researching new air-traffic-management (ATM) concepts that fall under the paradigm known broadly as ":free flight". This paper documents the software development and engineering efforts in progress by Seagull Technology, to develop a free-flight simulation (FFSIM) that is intended to help NASA researchers test mature-state concepts for free flight, otherwise referred to in this paper as distributed air / ground traffic management (DAG TM). Under development is a distributed, human-in-the-loop simulation tool that is comprehensive in its consideration of current and envisioned communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) components, and will allow evaluation of critical air and ground traffic management technologies from an overall systems perspective. The FFSIM infrastructure is designed to incorporate all three major components of the ATM triad: aircraft flight decks, air traffic control (ATC), and (eventually) airline operational control (AOC) centers.

The Challenges of Field Testing the Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) in an Operational Air Traffic Control Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoang, Ty; Swenson, Harry N.

1997-01-01

The Traffic Management Advisor (TMA), the sequence and schedule tool of the Center/TRACON Automation System (CTAS), was evaluated at the Fort Worth Center (ZFW) in the summer of 1996. This paper describes the challenges encountered during the various phases of the TMA field evaluation, which included system (hardware and software) installation, personnel training, and data collection. Operational procedures were developed and applied to the evaluation process that would ensure air safety. The five weeks of field evaluation imposed minimal impact on the hosting facility and provided valuable engineering and human factors data. The collection of data was very much an opportunistic affair, due to dynamic traffic conditions. One measure of the success of the TMA evaluation is that, rather than remove TMA after the evaluation until it could be fully implemented, the prototype TMA is in continual use at ZFW as the fully operational version is readied for implementation.

23 CFR 630.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... conducting geodetic control surveys when participation with Federal-aid highway funds in the cost thereof is... position, and preserving the control so established. ...

The Google Online Marketing Challenge: Real Clients, Real Money, Real Ads and Authentic Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miko, John S.

2014-01-01

Search marketing is the process of utilizing search engines to drive traffic to a Web site through both paid and unpaid efforts. One potential paid component of a search marketing strategy is the use of a pay-per-click (PPC) advertising campaign in which advertisers pay search engine hosts only when their advertisement is clicked. This paper…

UTM Technical Capabilities Level 2 (TLC2) Test at Reno-Stead Airport.

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-10-06

Test of Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) technical capability Level 2 (TCL2) at Reno-Stead Airport, Nevada. During the test, five drones simultaneously crossed paths, separated by altitude. Two drones flew beyond visual line-of-sight and three flew within line-of-sight of their operators. Engineers Priya Venkatesan and Joey Mercer review flight paths using the UAS traffic management research platform at flight operations mission control at NASA’s UTM TCL2 test.

Discovery of Sound in the Sea (DOSITS) Web Site Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-20

of Sound in the Sea (DOSITS) Web Site Development 5b. GRANT NUMBER NOOO 14- 12- 1-0169 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6 . AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER...DOSITS) Web Site Development ONR Grant N00014-12-1-0169 Period of Performance: 01 January 2012- 31 December 2014 Principal Investigator Peter F...The web traffic numbers exclude all known search engines and other spiders, as well as traffic from the University of Rhode Island Graduate School

Motor vehicle technology:Mobility for prosperity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1985-01-01

This book presents the papers given at a conference on internal combustion engines for vehicles. Topics considered at the conference included combustion chambers, the lubrication of turbocharged engines, oil filters, fuel consumption, traffic control, crashworthiness, brakes, acceleration, unleaded gasoline, methanol fuels, pressure drop, safety regulations, tire vibration, detergents, fuel economy, ceramics in engines, steels, catalytic converters, fuel additives, heat exchangers, pump systems, emissions control, fuel injection systems, noise pollution control, natural gas fuels, assembly plant productivity, aerodynamics, torsion, electronics, and automatic transmissions.

West Virginia 511 feasibility study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

Procedure for requesting a copy of the full report : Please submit your request, in writing, directly to the contact provided below. : Director of the Traffic Engineering Division : West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways : B...

23 CFR 636.305 - Can price information be provided to analysts who are reviewing technical proposals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Proposal Evaluation...? Normally, technical and price proposals are reviewed independently by separate evaluation teams. However...

23 CFR 636.305 - Can price information be provided to analysts who are reviewing technical proposals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Proposal Evaluation...? Normally, technical and price proposals are reviewed independently by separate evaluation teams. However...

23 CFR 636.305 - Can price information be provided to analysts who are reviewing technical proposals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Proposal Evaluation...? Normally, technical and price proposals are reviewed independently by separate evaluation teams. However...

23 CFR 636.305 - Can price information be provided to analysts who are reviewing technical proposals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Proposal Evaluation...? Normally, technical and price proposals are reviewed independently by separate evaluation teams. However...

23 CFR 636.305 - Can price information be provided to analysts who are reviewing technical proposals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Proposal Evaluation...? Normally, technical and price proposals are reviewed independently by separate evaluation teams. However...

Traffic impacts of bicycle facilities : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

Engineers need information about interactions between vehicles and bicyclists to design efficient, safe transportation systems. This study involved a review of design guidelines for bicycle facilities, observation of bicycle-vehicle interactions at n...

23 CFR 635.126 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 635.126 Section 635.126 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.126 [Reserved] ...

Speed enforcement camera systems operational guidelines

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-03-01

The ASE guidelines are intended to serve program managers, administrators, law enforcement, traffic engineers, program evaluators, and other individuals responsible for the strategic vision and daily op-erations of the program. The guidelines are wri...

Extension of an assessment model of ship traffic exhaust emissions for particulate matter and carbon monoxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jalkanen, J.-P.; Johansson, L.; Kukkonen, J.; Brink, A.; Kalli, J.; Stipa, T.

2012-03-01

A method is presented for the evaluation of the exhaust emissions of marine traffic, based on the messages provided by the Automatic Identification System (AIS), which enable the positioning of ship emissions with a high spatial resolution (typically a few tens of metres). The model also takes into account the detailed technical data of each individual vessel. The previously developed model was applicable for evaluating the emissions of NOx, SOx and CO2. This paper addresses a substantial extension of the modelling system, to allow also for the mass-based emissions of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The presented Ship Traffic Emissions Assessment Model (STEAM2) allows for the influences of accurate travel routes and ship speed, engine load, fuel sulphur content, multiengine setups, abatement methods and waves. We address in particular the modeling of the influence on the emissions of both engine load and the sulphur content of the fuel. The presented methodology can be used to evaluate the total PM emissions, and those of organic carbon, elemental carbon, ash and hydrated sulphate. We have evaluated the performance of the extended model against available experimental data on engine power, fuel consumption and the composition-resolved emissions of PM. We have also compared the annually averaged emission values with those of the corresponding EMEP inventory, As example results, the geographical distributions of the emissions of PM and CO are presented for the marine regions of the Baltic Sea surrounding the Danish Straits.

Risk factors affecting the severity of traffic accidents at Shanghai river-crossing tunnel.

PubMed

Lu, Jian John; Xing, Yingying; Wang, Chen; Cai, Xiaonan

2016-01-01

With increasing traffic volume and urban development, increasing numbers of underground tunnels have been constructed to relieve conflict between strained land and heavy traffic. However, as more long tunnels are constructed, tunnel traffic safety is becoming increasingly serious. Thus, it is necessary to acquire their implications and impacts. This study examined 4,539 traffic accidents that have occurred in 14 Shanghai river-crossing tunnels for the period 2011-2012 and analyze the correlation between potential factors and accident injury severity. An ordered logit model was developed to examine the correlation between potential factors and accident injury severity. Results show that increased injury severity is associated with male drivers, drivers aged 65 years or older, accident time from midnight to dawn, weekends, wet road surface, goods vehicles, 3 or more vehicles, 4 or more lanes, middle speed limits (50-79 km/h), zone 3, extra-long tunnels (over 3,000 m), and maximum longitudinal gradient. This article aims to provide useful information for engineers to develop interventions and countermeasures to improve tunnel safety in China.

Traffic-engineering-aware shortest-path routing and its application in IP-over-WDM networks [Invited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Youngseok; Mukherjee, Biswanath

2004-03-01

Single shortest-path routing is known to perform poorly for Internet traffic engineering (TE) where the typical optimization objective is to minimize the maximum link load. Splitting traffic uniformly over equal-cost multiple shortest paths in open shortest path first and intermediate system-intermediate system protocols does not always minimize the maximum link load when multiple paths are not carefully selected for the global traffic demand matrix. However, a TE-aware shortest path among all the equal-cost multiple shortest paths between each ingress-egress pair can be selected such that the maximum link load is significantly reduced. IP routers can use the globally optimal TE-aware shortest path without any change to existing routing protocols and without any serious configuration overhead. While calculating TE-aware shortest paths, the destination-based forwarding constraint at a node should be satisfied, because an IP router will forward a packet to the next hop toward the destination by looking up the destination prefix. We present a mathematical problem formulation for finding a set of TE-aware shortest paths for the given network as an integer linear program, and we propose a simple heuristic for solving large instances of the problem. Then we explore the usage of our proposed algorithm for the integrated TE method in IP-over-WDM networks. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulations in IP networks as well as in IP-over-WDM networks.

Auditory Perception of Motor Vehicle Travel Paths

PubMed Central

Ashmead, Daniel H.; Grantham, D. Wesley; Maloff, Erin S.; Hornsby, Benjamin; Nakamura, Takabun; Davis, Timothy J.; Pampel, Faith; Rushing, Erin G.

2012-01-01

Objective These experiments address concerns that motor vehicles in electric engine mode are so quiet that they pose a risk to pedestrians, especially those with visual impairments. Background The “quiet car” issue has focused on hybrid and electric vehicles, although it also applies to internal combustion engine vehicles. Previous research has focused on detectability of vehicles, mostly in quiet settings. Instead, we focused on the functional ability to perceive vehicle motion paths. Method Participants judged whether simulated vehicles were traveling straight or turning, with emphasis on the impact of background traffic sound. Results In quiet, listeners made the straight-or-turn judgment soon enough in the vehicle’s path to be useful for deciding whether to start crossing the street. This judgment is based largely on sound level cues rather than the spatial direction of the vehicle. With even moderate background traffic sound, the ability to tell straight from turn paths is severely compromised. The signal-to-noise ratio needed for the straight-or-turn judgment is much higher than that needed to detect a vehicle. Conclusion Although a requirement for a minimum vehicle sound level might enhance detection of vehicles in quiet settings, it is unlikely that this requirement would contribute to pedestrian awareness of vehicle movements in typical traffic settings with many vehicles present. Application The findings are relevant to deliberations by government agencies and automobile manufacturers about standards for minimum automobile sounds and, more generally, for solutions to pedestrians’ needs for information about traffic, especially for pedestrians with sensory impairments. PMID:22768645

Auditory perception of motor vehicle travel paths.

PubMed

Ashmead, Daniel H; Grantham, D Wesley; Maloff, Erin S; Hornsby, Benjamin; Nakamura, Takabun; Davis, Timothy J; Pampel, Faith; Rushing, Erin G

2012-06-01

These experiments address concerns that motor vehicles in electric engine mode are so quiet that they pose a risk to pedestrians, especially those with visual impairments. The "quiet car" issue has focused on hybrid and electric vehicles, although it also applies to internal combustion engine vehicles. Previous research has focused on detectability of vehicles, mostly in quiet settings. Instead, we focused on the functional ability to perceive vehicle motion paths. Participants judged whether simulated vehicles were traveling straight or turning, with emphasis on the impact of background traffic sound. In quiet, listeners made the straight-or-turn judgment soon enough in the vehicle's path to be useful for deciding whether to start crossing the street. This judgment is based largely on sound level cues rather than the spatial direction of the vehicle. With even moderate background traffic sound, the ability to tell straight from turn paths is severely compromised. The signal-to-noise ratio needed for the straight-or-turn judgment is much higher than that needed to detect a vehicle. Although a requirement for a minimum vehicle sound level might enhance detection of vehicles in quiet settings, it is unlikely that this requirement would contribute to pedestrian awareness of vehicle movements in typical traffic settings with many vehicles present. The findings are relevant to deliberations by government agencies and automobile manufacturers about standards for minimum automobile sounds and, more generally, for solutions to pedestrians' needs for information about traffic, especially for pedestrians with sensory impairments.

Evaluation of Intersection Traffic Control Measures through Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asaithambi, Gowri; Sivanandan, R.

2015-12-01

Modeling traffic flow is stochastic in nature due to randomness in variables such as vehicle arrivals and speeds. Due to this and due to complex vehicular interactions and their manoeuvres, it is extremely difficult to model the traffic flow through analytical methods. To study this type of complex traffic system and vehicle interactions, simulation is considered as an effective tool. Application of homogeneous traffic models to heterogeneous traffic may not be able to capture the complex manoeuvres and interactions in such flows. Hence, a microscopic simulation model for heterogeneous traffic is developed using object oriented concepts. This simulation model acts as a tool for evaluating various control measures at signalized intersections. The present study focuses on the evaluation of Right Turn Lane (RTL) and Channelised Left Turn Lane (CLTL). A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate RTL and CLTL by varying the approach volumes, turn proportions and turn lane lengths. RTL is found to be advantageous only up to certain approach volumes and right-turn proportions, beyond which it is counter-productive. CLTL is found to be advantageous for lower approach volumes for all turn proportions, signifying the benefits of CLTL. It is counter-productive for higher approach volume and lower turn proportions. This study pinpoints the break-even points for various scenarios. The developed simulation model can be used as an appropriate intersection lane control tool for enhancing the efficiency of flow at intersections. This model can also be employed for scenario analysis and can be valuable to field traffic engineers in implementing vehicle-type based and lane-based traffic control measures.

Advancing Aeronautics: A Decision Framework for Selecting Research Agendas

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Engineering Board ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ATA Air Transport Association ATM air traffic management ATP Aeronautics Test Program...not provide a competitive advantage for a sufficient period to justify the R&D outlay. Such projects can include technolo- gies that address...fuel efficiency improvements multiplied by the cost of fuel would provide an estimate of their value to society. Likewise, technolo- gies for

49 CFR 583.8 - Procedure for determining country of origin for engines and transmissions (for purposes of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedure for determining country of origin for engines and transmissions (for purposes of determining the information specified by §§ 583.5(a)(4) and 583.5(a)(5) only). 583.8 Section 583.8 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY...

Omitted variable bias in crash reduction factors.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

Transportation planners and traffic engineers are increasingly turning to crash reduction factors to evaluate changes in road : geometric and design features in order to reduce crashes. Crash reduction factors are typically estimated based on segment...

No-passing zone system: user's manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-08-01

This Users Manual is intended for traffic engineers and technicians who will be either conducting passing sight distance : measurement runs in the field or processing the collected data in the office. This Users Manual includes: : - A descripti...

23 CFR 636.304 - What process may be used to rate and score proposals?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Proposal Evaluation Factors § 636.304 What process... any rating method or combination of methods including color or adjectival ratings, numerical weights...

23 CFR 636.204 - What items may be included in a phase-one solicitation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Selection Procedures, Award Criteria § 636.204... perform (including key personnel); and (iii) Past performance of the members of the offeror's team...

23 CFR 636.204 - What items may be included in a phase-one solicitation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Selection Procedures, Award Criteria § 636.204... perform (including key personnel); and (iii) Past performance of the members of the offeror's team...

23 CFR 636.204 - What items may be included in a phase-one solicitation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Selection Procedures, Award Criteria § 636.204... perform (including key personnel); and (iii) Past performance of the members of the offeror's team...

23 CFR 636.204 - What items may be included in a phase-one solicitation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Selection Procedures, Award Criteria § 636.204... perform (including key personnel); and (iii) Past performance of the members of the offeror's team...

23 CFR 636.204 - What items may be included in a phase-one solicitation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING Selection Procedures, Award Criteria § 636.204... perform (including key personnel); and (iii) Past performance of the members of the offeror's team...

Efficiency in bus stop location and design.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

The research reported here identified those elements associated with the location and design of bus stops that affect the efficiency of transit and traffic operations, and developed guidelines to assist transportation engineers and planners in techni...

Lexington incident detection system evaluation report : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-11-01

This report describes the evaluation of an experimental incident detection system implemented within the Lexington/Fayette County area by the Lexington Fayette Urban County Government Department of Traffic Engineering. The incident detection system i...

Worksite trip reduction model and manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-04-01

According to Institute of Transportation Engineers, assessing the trip reduction claims from transportation demand management (TDM) programs is an issue for estimating future traffic volumes from trip generation data. To help assess those claims, a W...

23 CFR 650.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.401 Purpose. The... Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 144. ...

Traffic flow theory and chaotic behavior

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-03-01

Many commonly occurring natural systems are modeled with mathematical experessions and exhibit a certain stability. The inherent stability of these equations allows them to serve as the basis for engineering predictions. More complex models, such as ...

Truck trip generation data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

The increased importance of truck activity in both transportation engineering and planning : has created a need for truck-oriented analytical tools. A particular planning need is for trip : generation data that can be used to estimate truck traffic p...

Application of high technology in highway transportation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-01-01

Highway and traffic engineering practice is rapidly changing as communications technology and computer systems are being adopted to facilitate the work of the practitioners and expand their capabilities. This field has been an evolutionary one since ...

Evaluation of LED vehicular and pedestrian modules.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-04-01

This study was conducted to verify the compliance of vehicular and pedestrian LED traffic signal modules with the Institute : of Transportation Engineers specifications; and to assess drivers preferences of the LED modules. Four vehicular modules ...

Modular assembly of synthetic proteins that span the plasma membrane in mammalian cells.

PubMed

Qudrat, Anam; Truong, Kevin

2016-12-09

To achieve synthetic control over how a cell responds to other cells or the extracellular environment, it is important to reliably engineer proteins that can traffic and span the plasma membrane. Using a modular approach to assemble proteins, we identified the minimum necessary components required to engineer such membrane-spanning proteins with predictable orientation in mammalian cells. While a transmembrane domain (TM) fused to the N-terminus of a protein is sufficient to traffic it to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an additional signal peptidase cleavage site downstream of this TM enhanced sorting out of the ER. Next, a second TM in the synthetic protein helped anchor and accumulate the membrane-spanning protein on the plasma membrane. The orientation of the components of the synthetic protein were determined through measuring intracellular Ca 2+ signaling using the R-GECO biosensor and through measuring extracellular quenching of yellow fluorescent protein variants by saturating acidic and salt conditions. This work forms the basis of engineering novel proteins that span the plasma membrane to potentially control intracellular responses to extracellular conditions.

Is vehicle automation enough to prevent crashes? Role of traffic operations in automated driving environments for traffic safety.

PubMed

Jeong, Eunbi; Oh, Cheol; Lee, Seolyoung

2017-07-01

Automated driving systems (ADSs) are expected to prevent traffic accidents caused by driver carelessness on freeways. There is no doubt regarding this safety benefit if all vehicles in the transportation system were equipped with ADSs; however, it is implausible to expect that ADSs will reach 100% market penetration rate (MPR) in the near future. Therefore, the following question arises: 'Can ADSs, which consider only situations in the vicinity of an equipped vehicle, really contribute to a significant reduction in traffic accidents?' To address this issue, the interactions between equipped and unequipped vehicles must be investigated, which is the purpose of this study. This study evaluated traffic safety at different MPRs based on a proposed index to represent the overall rear-end crash risk of the traffic stream. Two approaches were evaluated for adjusting longitudinal vehicle maneuvers: vehicle safety-based maneuvering (VSM), which considers the crash risk of an equipped vehicle and its neighboring vehicles, and traffic safety-based maneuvering (TSM), which considers the overall crash risk in the traffic stream. TSM assumes that traffic operational agencies are able to monitor all the vehicles and to intervene in vehicle maneuvering. An optimization process, which attempts to obtain vehicle maneuvering control parameters to minimize the overall crash risk, is integrated into the proposed evaluation framework. The main purpose of employing the optimization process for vehicle maneuvering in this study is to identify opportunities to improve traffic safety through effective traffic management rather than developing a vehicle control algorithm that can be implemented in practice. The microscopic traffic simulator VISSIM was used to simulate the freeway traffic stream and to conduct systematic evaluations based on the proposed methodology. Both TSM and VSM achieved significant reductions in the potential for rear-end crashes. However, TSM obtained much greater reductions when the MPR was greater than 50%. This study should inspire transportation researchers and engineers to develop effective traffic operations strategies for automated driving environments. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

System level traffic shaping in disk servers with heterogeneous protocols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cano, Eric; Kruse, Daniele Francesco

2014-06-01

Disk access and tape migrations compete for network bandwidth in CASTORs disk servers, over various protocols: RFIO, Xroot, root and GridFTP. As there are a limited number of tape drives, it is important to keep them busy all the time, at their nominal speed. With potentially 100s of user read streams per server, the bandwidth for the tape migrations has to be guaranteed to a controlled level, and not the fair share the system gives by default. Xroot provides a prioritization mechanism, but using it implies moving exclusively to the Xroot protocol, which is not possible in short to mid-term time frame, as users are equally using all protocols. The greatest commonality of all those protocols is not more than the usage of TCP/IP. We investigated the Linux kernel traffic shaper to control TCP/ IP bandwidth. The performance and limitations of the traffic shaper have been understood in test environment, and satisfactory working point has been found for production. Notably, TCP offload engines' negative impact on traffic shaping, and the limitations of the length of the traffic shaping rules were discovered and measured. A suitable working point has been found and the traffic shaping is now successfully deployed in the CASTOR production systems at CERN. This system level approach could be transposed easily to other environments.

All Source Sensor Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

- PNNL, Harold Trease

2012-10-10

ASSA is a software application that processes binary data into summarized index tables that can be used to organize features contained within the data. ASSA's index tables can also be used to search for user specified features. ASSA is designed to organize and search for patterns in unstructured binary data streams or archives, such as video, images, audio, and network traffic. ASSA is basically a very general search engine used to search for any pattern in any binary data stream. It has uses in video analytics, image analysis, audio analysis, searching hard-drives, monitoring network traffic, etc.

Interchange Safety Analysis Tool (ISAT) : user manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-06-01

This User Manual describes the usage and operation of the spreadsheet-based Interchange Safety Analysis Tool (ISAT). ISAT provides design and safety engineers with an automated tool for assessing the safety effects of geometric design and traffic con...

Comprehensive Engineering Approach to Achieving Safe Neighborhoods.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-09-01

Steady increases in travel demand coupled with minimal increases in arterial street capacity have led to an increase in traffic-related safety problems in residential neighborhoods. These problems stem from the significant number of motorists that di...

Development of Automated Testing Tools for Traffic Control Signals and Devices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-01-30

Through a coordinated effort among the electrical engineering research team of the Florida State University (FSU) and key Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) personnel, an automated testing system for National Electrical Manufacturers Associa...

Assessment of the performance of light-emitting diode roadway lighting technology.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

This study, championed by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) Traffic Engineering : Division, involved a thorough investigation of light-emitting diode (LED) roadway lighting technology by : testing six types of roadway luminaires (inclu...

49 CFR Appendix A to Part 531 - Example of Calculating Compliance Under § 531.5(c)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE... automobiles in MY 2012 as follows: Appendix A, Table 1 Model type Group Carline name Basic engine(L...

49 CFR Appendix A to Part 531 - Example of Calculating Compliance Under § 531.5(c)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION PASSENGER AUTOMOBILE AVERAGE... automobiles in MY 2012 as follows: Appendix A, Table 1 Model type Group Carline name Basic engine(L...

Analysis of event data recorder data for vehicle safety improvement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-04-01

The Volpe Center performed a comprehensive engineering analysis of Event Data Recorder (EDR) data supplied by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to assess its accuracy and usefulness in crash reconstruction and improvement of ...

Research notes : raised and recessed pavement markers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-06-01

In March, we surveyed all region traffic engineers, ODOT districts and several other state department of transportation. The survey data collected included the estimated length of service for different types of markers, the most common mode of failur...

Positive guidance and older motorists : guidelines for maintenance supervisors

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-12-01

This is a field manual designed for maintenance supervisors and resident : engineers responsible for repair and replacement of traffic control devices on : highways and streets. Standards and practices have not always taken in account : the realities...

CubeRovers for Lunar Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tallaksen, A. P.; Horchler, A. D.; Boirum, C.; Arnett, D.; Jones, H. L.; Fang, E.; Amoroso, E.; Chomas, L.; Papincak, L.; Sapunkov, O. B.; Whittaker, W. L.

2017-10-01

CubeRover is a 2-kg class of lunar rover that seeks to standardize and democratize surface mobility and science, analogous to CubeSats. This CubeRover will study in-situ lunar surface trafficability and descent engine blast ejecta phenomena.

The influence of number and values of ratios in stepped gearbox on mileage fuel consumption in NEDC test and real traffic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bera, P.; Wędrychowicz, D.

2016-09-01

The article presents the influence of number and values of ratios in stepped gearbox on mileage fuel consumption in a city passenger car. The simulations were conducted for a particular vehicle characterized by its mass, body shape, size of tires and equipped with a combustion engine for which the characteristic of fuel consumption in dynamic states was already designated on the basis of engine test bed measurements. Several designs of transmission with different number of gears and their ratios were used in virtual simulations of road traffic, particularly in the NEDC test, to calculate mileage fuel consumption. This allows for a quantitative assessment of transmission parameters in terms of both vehicle economy and dynamic properties. Also, based on obtained results, recommendations for the selection of a particular vehicle for a specific type of exploitation have been formulated.

SE Capstone Project: Building Systems Engineering Education and Workforce Capacity

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

This project developed a system to improve fuel efficiency by means of regenerative braking . The team designed a simple system that allows "bolt-on...air traffic control, social networking, credit/debit cards, and anti-lock brakes are only a few functions enabled by complex systems of systems . We...Building Systems Engineering Education and Workforce Capacity SE Capstone Project APRIL 2012 Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704

Prediction of Particle Concentration using Traffic Emission Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Hong-di; Lu, Jane Wei-zhen

2010-05-01

Vehicle emission is regarded as one of major sources of air pollution in urban area. Much attention has been addressed on it especially at traffic intersection. At intersection, vehicles frequently stop with idling engine during the red time and speed-up rapidly in the green time, which result in a high velocity fluctuation and produce extra pollutants to the surrounding air. To deeply understand such process, a semi-empirical model for predicting the changing effect of traffic flow patterns on particulate concentrations is proposed. The performance of the model is evaluated using the correlation coefficient and other parameters. From the results, the correlation coefficients in morning and afternoon data were found to be 0.86 an 0.73 respectively, which implies that the semi-empirical model for morning and afternoon data are 86% and 73% error free. Due to less affected by possible factors such as traffic volume and movement of pedestrian, the dispersion of the particulate matter in the morning is smaller and then contributes to higher performance than that in the afternoon.

Towards Internet QoS provisioning based on generic distributed QoS adaptive routing engine.

PubMed

Haikal, Amira Y; Badawy, M; Ali, Hesham A

2014-01-01

Increasing efficiency and quality demands of modern Internet technologies drive today's network engineers to seek to provide quality of service (QoS). Internet QoS provisioning gives rise to several challenging issues. This paper introduces a generic distributed QoS adaptive routing engine (DQARE) architecture based on OSPFxQoS. The innovation of the proposed work in this paper is its undependability on the used QoS architectures and, moreover, splitting of the control strategy from data forwarding mechanisms, so we guarantee a set of absolute stable mechanisms on top of which Internet QoS can be built. DQARE architecture is furnished with three relevant traffic control schemes, namely, service differentiation, QoS routing, and traffic engineering. The main objective of this paper is to (i) provide a general configuration guideline for service differentiation, (ii) formalize the theoretical properties of different QoS routing algorithms and then introduce a QoS routing algorithm (QOPRA) based on dynamic programming technique, and (iii) propose QoS multipath forwarding (QMPF) model for paths diversity exploitation. NS2-based simulations proved the DQARE superiority in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and control overhead. Moreover, extensive simulations are used to compare the proposed QOPRA algorithm and QMPF model with their counterparts in the literature.

Towards Internet QoS Provisioning Based on Generic Distributed QoS Adaptive Routing Engine

PubMed Central

Haikal, Amira Y.; Badawy, M.; Ali, Hesham A.

2014-01-01

Increasing efficiency and quality demands of modern Internet technologies drive today's network engineers to seek to provide quality of service (QoS). Internet QoS provisioning gives rise to several challenging issues. This paper introduces a generic distributed QoS adaptive routing engine (DQARE) architecture based on OSPFxQoS. The innovation of the proposed work in this paper is its undependability on the used QoS architectures and, moreover, splitting of the control strategy from data forwarding mechanisms, so we guarantee a set of absolute stable mechanisms on top of which Internet QoS can be built. DQARE architecture is furnished with three relevant traffic control schemes, namely, service differentiation, QoS routing, and traffic engineering. The main objective of this paper is to (i) provide a general configuration guideline for service differentiation, (ii) formalize the theoretical properties of different QoS routing algorithms and then introduce a QoS routing algorithm (QOPRA) based on dynamic programming technique, and (iii) propose QoS multipath forwarding (QMPF) model for paths diversity exploitation. NS2-based simulations proved the DQARE superiority in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio, throughput, and control overhead. Moreover, extensive simulations are used to compare the proposed QOPRA algorithm and QMPF model with their counterparts in the literature. PMID:25309955

Cost-effective safety treatments for low-volume roads.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

The majority of roadside safety guidance pertains to high-volume roads. Very little guidance exists to assist engineers in : treating common obstacles found alongside low-volume roads. In general, it is assumed that low traffic volumes can effectivel...

Freeway operations analysis of I-80 to I-29 interchange.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

At the request of the Iowa State Highway Commission, the Engineering Research Institute observed the traffic operations at the Interstate 29 (1-29) and Interstate 80 (1-80) interchange in the southwest part of Council Bluffs.

A comprehensive engineering analysis of motorcycle crashes in Maryland.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-12-01

The goal of this study was to identify recurring or common road characteristics of motorcycle crashes : in Maryland from 1998 to 2007. Motorcycle crash data was obtained from the National Highway : Traffic Safety Administrations Crash Outcome Data...

Texas curve margin of safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-01-01

This software can be used to assist with the assessment of margin of safety for a horizontal curve. It is intended for use by engineers and technicians responsible for safety analysis or management of rural highway pavement or traffic control devices...

23 CFR 625.3 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAYS § 625.3 Application. (a) Applicable Standards. (1) Design and construction standards for...) Federal-aid projects not on the NHS are to be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in...

23 CFR 625.3 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAYS § 625.3 Application. (a) Applicable Standards. (1) Design and construction standards for...) Federal-aid projects not on the NHS are to be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in...

23 CFR 625.3 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAYS § 625.3 Application. (a) Applicable Standards. (1) Design and construction standards for...) Federal-aid projects not on the NHS are to be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in...

23 CFR 625.3 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAYS § 625.3 Application. (a) Applicable Standards. (1) Design and construction standards for...) Federal-aid projects not on the NHS are to be designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in...

Work zone lane closure analysis model.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-01

At the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), the tool used by traffic engineers to predict whether a queue will form at a freeway work zone is the Excel-based "Lane Rental Model" developed at the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (OkDOT) ...

Inventory of system operations data collection and use in the Virginia Department of Transportation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

Accurate data describing the status of the transportation network is the backbone of system operations management. Without accurate data, traffic engineers cannot optimize signal phasing and timing, effective incident management cannot be undertaken,...

Examination of core Highway capacity manual concepts.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is one of the most widely used traffic engineering guidance documents in the world. It was originally published in 1950, and has been under constant revision since. Unfortunately, due to past cost and time constraint...

Pedestrian hybrid beacon guide : recommendations and case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

A pedestrian hybrid beacon (PHB) is a traffic control : device similar to a European pedestrian signal : (PELICAN) that was imported to the US and adapted by : engineers in Arizona to increase motorists awareness of : pedestrian crossings at uncon...

23 CFR 635.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 635.103 Section 635.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.103 Applicability. The policies, requirements, and procedures prescribed...

23 CFR 635.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 635.101 Section 635.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.101 Purpose. To prescribe policies, requirements, and procedures...

Best Practices Handbook: Traffic Engineering in Range Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

units of measurement. Measurement Methodology - A repeatable measurement technique used to derive one or more metrics of interest . Network...Performance measures - Metrics that provide quantitative or qualitative measures of the performance of systems or subsystems of interest . Performance Metric

23 CFR 637.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 637.203 Section 637.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION AND APPROVAL Quality Assurance Procedures for Construction § 637.203 Definitions. Acceptance...

23 CFR 650.413 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.413 Funding. (a) Funds... the same period as funds apportioned for projects on the Federal-aid primary system. (b) The Federal...

23 CFR 650.803 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Policy. 650.803 Section 650.803 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND... and vehicular protective and warning systems on bridges subject to ship collisions. ...

Developing safety risk index for truck preferred arterial corridor.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-01

Truck safety has been of great interest to transportation officials, engineers and researchers for many years because : of the amount of freight transported by trucks, the safety impact of trucks in traffic, and trucks invaluable : contribution to...

Supervised learning from human performance at the computationally hard problem of optimal traffic signal control on a network of junctions

PubMed Central

Box, Simon

2014-01-01

Optimal switching of traffic lights on a network of junctions is a computationally intractable problem. In this research, road traffic networks containing signallized junctions are simulated. A computer game interface is used to enable a human ‘player’ to control the traffic light settings on the junctions within the simulation. A supervised learning approach, based on simple neural network classifiers can be used to capture human player's strategies in the game and thus develop a human-trained machine control (HuTMaC) system that approaches human levels of performance. Experiments conducted within the simulation compare the performance of HuTMaC to two well-established traffic-responsive control systems that are widely deployed in the developed world and also to a temporal difference learning-based control method. In all experiments, HuTMaC outperforms the other control methods in terms of average delay and variance over delay. The conclusion is that these results add weight to the suggestion that HuTMaC may be a viable alternative, or supplemental method, to approximate optimization for some practical engineering control problems where the optimal strategy is computationally intractable. PMID:26064570

Supervised learning from human performance at the computationally hard problem of optimal traffic signal control on a network of junctions.

PubMed

Box, Simon

2014-12-01

Optimal switching of traffic lights on a network of junctions is a computationally intractable problem. In this research, road traffic networks containing signallized junctions are simulated. A computer game interface is used to enable a human 'player' to control the traffic light settings on the junctions within the simulation. A supervised learning approach, based on simple neural network classifiers can be used to capture human player's strategies in the game and thus develop a human-trained machine control (HuTMaC) system that approaches human levels of performance. Experiments conducted within the simulation compare the performance of HuTMaC to two well-established traffic-responsive control systems that are widely deployed in the developed world and also to a temporal difference learning-based control method. In all experiments, HuTMaC outperforms the other control methods in terms of average delay and variance over delay. The conclusion is that these results add weight to the suggestion that HuTMaC may be a viable alternative, or supplemental method, to approximate optimization for some practical engineering control problems where the optimal strategy is computationally intractable.

Time-resolved characterization of primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation from a modern gasoline passenger car

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karjalainen, Panu; Timonen, Hilkka; Saukko, Erkka; Kuuluvainen, Heino; Saarikoski, Sanna; Aakko-Saksa, Päivi; Murtonen, Timo; Bloss, Matthew; Dal Maso, Miikka; Simonen, Pauli; Ahlberg, Erik; Svenningsson, Birgitta; Brune, William Henry; Hillamo, Risto; Keskinen, Jorma; Rönkkö, Topi

2016-07-01

Changes in vehicle emission reduction technologies significantly affect traffic-related emissions in urban areas. In many densely populated areas the amount of traffic is increasing, keeping the emission level high or even increasing. To understand the health effects of traffic-related emissions, both primary (direct) particulate emission and secondary particle formation (from gaseous precursors in the exhaust emissions) need to be characterized. In this study, we used a comprehensive set of measurements to characterize both primary and secondary particulate emissions of a Euro 5 level gasoline passenger car. Our aerosol particle study covers the whole process chain in emission formation, from the tailpipe to the atmosphere, and also takes into account differences in driving patterns. We observed that, in mass terms, the amount of secondary particles was 13 times higher than the amount of primary particles. The formation, composition, number and mass of secondary particles was significantly affected by driving patterns and engine conditions. The highest gaseous and particulate emissions were observed at the beginning of the test cycle when the performance of the engine and the catalyst was below optimal. The key parameter for secondary particle formation was the amount of gaseous hydrocarbons in primary emissions; however, also the primary particle population had an influence.

Evaluating the Environmental Performance of the U.S. Next Generation Air Transportation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graham, Michael; Augustine, Stephen; Ermatinger, Christopher; Difelici, John; Thompson, Terence R.; Marcolini, Michael A.; Creedon, Jeremiah F.

2009-01-01

The environmental impacts of several possible U.S. Next Generation Air Transportation scenarios have been quantitatively evaluated for noise, air-quality, fuel-efficiency, and CO2 impacts. Three principal findings have emerged. (1) 2025 traffic levels about 30% higher than 2006 are obtained by increasing traffic according to FAA projections while also limiting traffic at each airport using reasonable ratios of demand to capacity. NextGen operational capabilities alone enable attainment of an additional 10-15% more flights beyond that 2025 baseline level with negligible additional noise, air-quality, and fuel-efficiency impacts. (2) The addition of advanced engine and airframe technologies provides substantial additional reductions in noise and air-quality impacts, and further improves fuel efficiency. 2025 environmental goals based on projected system-wide improvement rates of about 1% per year for noise and fuel-efficiency (an air-quality goal is not yet formulated) are achieved using this new vehicle technology. (3) Overall air-transport "product", as measured by total flown distance or total payload distance, increases by about 50% relative to 2006, but total fuel consumption and CO2 production increase by only about 40% using NextGen operational capabilities. With the addition of advanced engine/airframe technologies, the increase in total fuel consumption and CO2 production can be reduced to about 30%.

[Steady car engine noise does not affect the cognitive abilities of sleep apnea syndrome patients].

PubMed

Mayoralas, L R; Barbé, F; Muñoz, A; Agustí, A G N

2003-09-01

Traffic accidents are more frequent for sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients than in the population at large. The mechanisms that underlie this observation are poorly defined. Our working hypothesis was that in SAS patients the steady noise of a car engine might alter cognitive capacities that may be involved in driving, thus increasing the risk of traffic accidents. To test this hypothesis we designed a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eighteen SAS patients (apnea-hypopnea index [SEM] 62 [6] h1) and 18 healthy controls were studied. All the participants were evaluated in random order both in basal conditions and after exposure to the steady noise of a car engine recorded on a compact disc. Their level of vigilance was evaluated (Steer-Clear) as well as their reaction time (PVT 192). Attention, coordination, and memory were measured using the following tests: Wechsler Memory Scale (digit span), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (digit symbol), and Lezack's Trail Making tests A and B. The SAS patients were slightly younger than the control group (mean 50 [7] vs 57 [11] years, respectively; P=.05). The patients showed a lower level of vigilance than the controls both in basal and engine noise conditions (P<.05). No differences between groups were found for the other variables studied. Exposure to steady car engine noise had no effect on the tests of either group. In conclusion, the results of our study do not support the hypothesis that steady car engine noise significantly alters the cognitive ability of SAS patients.

Joint measurements of black carbon and particle mass for heavy-duty diesel vehicles using a portable emission measurement system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Xuan; Wu, Ye; Zhang, Shaojun; Baldauf, Richard W.; Zhang, K. Max; Hu, Jingnan; Li, Zhenhua; Fu, Lixin; Hao, Jiming

2016-09-01

The black carbon (BC) emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) is an important source of urban atmospheric pollution and creates strong climate-forcing impacts. The emission ratio of BC to total particle mass (PM) (i.e., BC/PM ratio) is an essential variable used to estimate total BC emissions from historical PM data; however, these ratios have not been measured using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) in order to obtain real-world measurements over a wide range of driving conditions. In this study, we developed a PEMS platform by integrating two Aethalometers and an electric low pressure impactor to realize the joint measurement of real-world BC and PM emissions for ten HDDVs in China. Test results showed that the average BC/PM ratio for five HDDVs equipped with mechanical fuel injection (MI) engines was 0.43 ± 0.06, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than another five HDDVs equipped with electronically-controlled fuel injection (EI) engines (0.56 ± 0.12). Traffic conditions also affected the BC/PM ratios with higher ratios on freeway routes than on local roads. Furthermore, higher ratios were observed for HDDVs equipped with EI engines than for the MI engines for the highway and local road routes. With an operating mode binning approach, we observed that the instantaneous BC/PM ratios of EI engine vehicles were above those of the MI engine vehicles in all operating modes except for the braking mode (i.e., Bin 0). Therefore, the complex impacts from engine technology and traffic conditions on BC/PM ratios should be carefully considered when estimating real-world BC emissions from HDDVs based on overall PM emissions data.

Decreasing trends of suspended particulate matter and PM2.5 concentrations in Tokyo, 1990-2010.

PubMed

Hara, Kunio; Homma, Junichi; Tamura, Kenji; Inoue, Mariko; Karita, Kanae; Yano, Eiji

2013-06-01

In Tokyo, the annual average suspended particulate matter (SPM) and PM2.5 concentrations have decreased in the past two decades. The present study quantitatively evaluated these decreasing trends using data from air-pollution monitoring stations. Annual SPM and PM2.5 levels at 83 monitoring stations and hourly SPM and PM2.5 levels at four monitoring stations in Tokyo, operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, were used for analysis, together with levels of co-pollutants and meteorological conditions. Traffic volume in Tokyo was calculated from the total traveling distance of vehicles as reported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. High positive correlations between SPM levels and nitrogen oxide levels, sulfur dioxide levels, and traffic volume were determined. The annual average SPM concentration declined by 62.6%from 59.4 microg/m3 in 1994 to 22.2 microg/m3 in 2010, and PM2.5 concentration also declined by 49.8% from 29.3 microg/m3 in 2001 to 14.7 microg/m3 in 2010. Likewise, the frequencies of hourly average SPM and PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the daily guideline values have significantly decreased since 2001 and the hourly average SPM or PM2.5 concentrations per traffic volume for each time period have also significantly decreased since 2001. However SPM and PM2.5 concentrations increased at some monitoring stations between 2004 and 2006 and from 2009 despite strengthened environmental regulations and improvements in vehicle engine performance. The annual average SPM and PM2.5 concentrations were positively correlated with traffic volumes and in particular with the volume of diesel trucks. These results suggest that the decreasing levels of SPM and PM2.5 in Tokyo may be attributable to decreased traffic volumes, along with the effects of stricter governmental regulation and improvements to vehicle engine performance, including the fitting of devices for exhaust emission reduction.

23 CFR 660.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., 203, and 204, the program, developed in cooperation with State and local agencies, provides safe and... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS... Highway (FH) Program which enhances local, regional, and national benefits of FHs funded under the public...

23 CFR 660.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., 203, and 204, the program, developed in cooperation with State and local agencies, provides safe and... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS... Highway (FH) Program which enhances local, regional, and national benefits of FHs funded under the public...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 650.301 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Purpose. 650.301 Section 650.301 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... national standards for the proper safety inspection and evaluation of all highway bridges in accordance...

23 CFR 630.1002 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1002 Purpose. Work zones directly impact the safety and mobility of road users and highway workers. These safety and mobility impacts are exacerbated by an aging...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 630.1002 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1002 Purpose. Work zones directly impact the safety and mobility of road users and highway workers. These safety and mobility impacts are exacerbated by an aging...

23 CFR 650.301 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 650.301 Section 650.301 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... national standards for the proper safety inspection and evaluation of all highway bridges in accordance...

23 CFR 630.1014 - Implementation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1014 Implementation. Each State shall work in partnership with the FHWA in the implementation of its policies and procedures to improve work zone safety and...

23 CFR 650.301 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 650.301 Section 650.301 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... national standards for the proper safety inspection and evaluation of all highway bridges in accordance...

23 CFR 630.1002 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1002 Purpose. Work zones directly impact the safety and mobility of road users and highway workers. These safety and mobility impacts are exacerbated by an aging...

23 CFR 650.301 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 650.301 Section 650.301 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... national standards for the proper safety inspection and evaluation of all highway bridges in accordance...

23 CFR 650.301 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Purpose. 650.301 Section 650.301 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... national standards for the proper safety inspection and evaluation of all highway bridges in accordance...

Human factors opportunities to improve Ohio's transportation system : final report, June 2005.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-06-01

The aim of this study was to identify opportunities to apply human factors principles and research to improve : Ohios transportation system. The Office of Traffic Engineering assigned thirteen topic areas to provide information : and the study was...

Development and evaluation of a calibration and validation procedure for microscopic simulation models.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

Microscopic traffic simulation models have been widely accepted and applied in transportation engineering and planning practice for the past decades because simulation is cost-effective, safe, and fast. To achieve high fidelity and credibility for a ...

49 CFR 535.3 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION... for use in the applicable vehicles for each given model year. (b) Complete vehicle manufacturers, for... engines produced by small business manufacturers as defined by the Small Business Administration at 13 CFR...

Optimization of offsets and cycle length using high resolution signal event data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

Traffic signal systems represent a substantial component of the highway transportation network in the United States. It is challenging for most agencies to find engineering resources to properly update signal policies and timing plans to accommodate ...

23 CFR 630.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Purpose. 630.401 Section 630.401 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... conducting geodetic control surveys when participation with Federal-aid highway funds in the cost thereof is...

23 CFR 630.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 630.401 Section 630.401 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... conducting geodetic control surveys when participation with Federal-aid highway funds in the cost thereof is...

23 CFR 630.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Purpose. 630.401 Section 630.401 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... conducting geodetic control surveys when participation with Federal-aid highway funds in the cost thereof is...

German aircraft accident statistics, 1930

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weitzmann, Ludwig

1932-01-01

The investigation of all serious accidents, involving technical defects in the airplane or engine, is undertaken by the D.V.L. in conjunction with the imperial traffic minister and other interested parties. All accidents not clearly explained in the reports are subsequently cleared up.

23 CFR 626.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Purpose. 626.1 Section 626.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.1 Purpose. To set forth pavement design policy for Federal-aid highway projects. ...

23 CFR 626.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 626.1 Section 626.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.1 Purpose. To set forth pavement design policy for Federal-aid highway projects. ...

23 CFR 626.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Purpose. 626.1 Section 626.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.1 Purpose. To set forth pavement design policy for Federal-aid highway projects. ...

23 CFR 626.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 626.1 Section 626.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.1 Purpose. To set forth pavement design policy for Federal-aid highway projects. ...

23 CFR 626.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 626.1 Section 626.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PAVEMENT POLICY § 626.1 Purpose. To set forth pavement design policy for Federal-aid highway projects. ...

23 CFR 650.113 - Only practicable alternative finding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 650.113 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC... practicable alternative. This finding shall be included in the final environmental document (final environmental impact statement or finding of no significant impact) and shall be supported by the following...

Applying systems engineering principles to the development of transportation communication standards.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-04-22

Using traffic control devices and communications equipment to monitor and control arterials and freeways has brought with it new challenges and a demand for new skills to the transportation industry. Some of the challenges include integrating informa...

Development of Alabama traffic factors for use in mechanistic-empirical pavement design.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

The pavement engineering community is moving toward design practices that use mechanistic-empirical (M-E) approaches to the design and analysis of pavement structures. This effort is : embodied in the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPD...

23 CFR 660.509 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false General principles. 660.509 Section 660.509 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL... permanent defense installations as they do for highways serving private industrial establishments or any...

23 CFR 660.509 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false General principles. 660.509 Section 660.509 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL... permanent defense installations as they do for highways serving private industrial establishments or any...

23 CFR 660.509 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false General principles. 660.509 Section 660.509 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL... permanent defense installations as they do for highways serving private industrial establishments or any...

23 CFR 660.509 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false General principles. 660.509 Section 660.509 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL... permanent defense installations as they do for highways serving private industrial establishments or any...

23 CFR 660.509 - General principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General principles. 660.509 Section 660.509 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL... permanent defense installations as they do for highways serving private industrial establishments or any...

Intelligent transportation systems field operational test cross-cutting study : hazardous material incident management

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-08-01

This handbook was developed to assist design, traffic, and maintenance engineering personnel in making determinations about roadway delineation systems, including the appropriate system for a given situation, when a system has reached the end of its ...

23 CFR 650.107 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... Applicability. (a) The provisions of this regulation shall apply to all encroachments and to all actions which... immediately following a disaster. (b) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to or alter approvals...

23 CFR 650.107 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... Applicability. (a) The provisions of this regulation shall apply to all encroachments and to all actions which... immediately following a disaster. (b) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to or alter approvals...

23 CFR 650.107 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... Applicability. (a) The provisions of this regulation shall apply to all encroachments and to all actions which... immediately following a disaster. (b) The provisions of this regulation shall not apply to or alter approvals...

23 CFR 635.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 635.203 Section 635.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.203 Definitions. The following definitions shall apply for the...

23 CFR 657.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 657.3 Section 657.3 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CERTIFICATION OF SIZE AND WEIGHT ENFORCEMENT § 657.3 Definitions. Unless otherwise specified in this part, the...

23 CFR 633.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 633.202 Section 633.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS REQUIRED CONTRACT PROVISIONS Federal-Aid Contracts (Appalachian Contracts) § 633.202 Definitions. (a) The word Commission means...

Expanding transportation systems management and operations (TSM&O) from planning to construction primer.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) has initiated business plans to promote the Transportation : Systems Management and Operations (TSM&O) program throughout the State. TSM&O is traditionally managed : by traffic engineers that focus on o...

Evaluation of the fundamental engineering properties of bituminous mixtures containing hydrated lime.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-04-01

The increasing volume of truck traffic combined with the hot and moist climate of Louisiana are the major contributing factors to severe pavement distresses. Permanent deformation and moisture damage are the most common distresses of Louisiana paveme...

Development of data measurement techniques for traffic operations analysis at intersections

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-06-01

This study was undertaken for the purpose of developing intersection data collection methods and approaches which reflect the current needs of engineers and the state-of-the-art capabilities of available equipment. A literature review summarizes perv...

23 CFR 650.413 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Funding. 650.413 Section 650.413 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.413 Funding. (a) Funds...

23 CFR 650.413 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Funding. 650.413 Section 650.413 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.413 Funding. (a) Funds...

23 CFR 650.413 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Funding. 650.413 Section 650.413 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.413 Funding. (a) Funds...

23 CFR 650.413 - Funding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Funding. 650.413 Section 650.413 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.413 Funding. (a) Funds...

Safety diagnosis: are we doing a good job?

PubMed

Park, Peter Y; Sahaji, Rajib

2013-03-01

Collision diagnosis is the second step in the six-step road safety management process described in the AASHTO Highway Safety Manual (HSM). Diagnosis is designed to identify a dominant or abnormally high proportion of particular collision configurations (e.g., rear end, right angle, etc.) at a target location. The primary diagnosis method suggested in the HSM is descriptive data analysis. This type of analysis relies on, for example, pie charts, histograms, and/or collision diagrams. Using location specific collision data (e.g., collision frequency per collision configuration for a target location), safety engineers identify (the most) frequent collision configurations. Safety countermeasures are then likely to concentrate on preventing the selected collision configurations. Although its real-world application in engineering practice is limited, an additional collision diagnosis method, known as the beta-binomial (BB) test, is also presented as the secondary diagnosis tool in the HSM. The BB test compares the proportion of a particular collision configuration observed at one location with the proportion of the same collision configuration found at other reference locations which are similar to the target location in terms of selected traffic and roadway characteristics (e.g., traffic volume, traffic control, and number of lanes). This study compared the outcomes obtained from descriptive data analysis and the BB test, and investigates two questions: (1) Do descriptive data analysis and the BB tests produce the same results (i.e., do they select the same collision configurations at the same locations)? and (2) If the tests produce different results, which result should be adopted in engineering practice? This study's analysis was based on a sample of the most recent five years (2005-2009) of collision and roadway configuration data for 143 signalized intersections in the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The study results show that the BB test's role in diagnosing safety concerns in road safety engineering projects such as safety review projects for existing roadways may be just as important as the descriptive data analysis method. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A computing method for spatial accessibility based on grid partition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Linbing; Zhang, Xinchang

2007-06-01

An accessibility computing method and process based on grid partition was put forward in the paper. As two important factors impacting on traffic, density of road network and relative spatial resistance for difference land use was integrated into computing traffic cost in each grid. A* algorithms was inducted to searching optimum traffic cost of grids path, a detailed searching process and definition of heuristic evaluation function was described in the paper. Therefore, the method can be implemented more simply and its data source is obtained more easily. Moreover, by changing heuristic searching information, more reasonable computing result can be obtained. For confirming our research, a software package was developed with C# language under ArcEngine9 environment. Applying the computing method, a case study on accessibility of business districts in Guangzhou city was carried out.

Review of modelling air pollution from traffic at street-level - The state of the science.

PubMed

Forehead, H; Huynh, N

2018-06-13

Traffic emissions are a complex and variable cocktail of toxic chemicals. They are the major source of atmospheric pollution in the parts of cities where people live, commute and work. Reducing exposure requires information about the distribution and nature of emissions. Spatially and temporally detailed data are required, because both the rate of production and the composition of emissions vary significantly with time of day and with local changes in wind, traffic composition and flow. Increasing computer processing power means that models can accept highly detailed inputs of fleet, fuels and road networks. The state of the science models can simulate the behaviour and emissions of all the individual vehicles on a road network, with resolution of a second and tens of metres. The chemistry of the simulated emissions is also highly resolved, due to consideration of multiple engine processes, fuel evaporation and tyre wear. Good results can be achieved with both commercially available and open source models. The extent of a simulation is usually limited by processing capacity; the accuracy by the quality of traffic data. Recent studies have generated real time, detailed emissions data by using inputs from novel traffic sensing technologies and data from intelligent traffic systems (ITS). Increasingly, detailed pollution data is being combined with spatially resolved demographic or epidemiological data for targeted risk analyses. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Military, Charter, Unreported Domestic Traffic and General Aviation 1976, 1984, 1992, and 2015 Emission Scenarios

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mortlock, Alan; VanAlstyne, Richard

1998-01-01

The report describes development of databases estimating aircraft engine exhaust emissions for the years 1976 and 1984 from global operations of Military, Charter, historic Soviet and Chinese, Unreported Domestic traffic, and General Aviation (GA). These databases were developed under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Advanced Subsonic Assessment (AST). McDonnell Douglas Corporation's (MDC), now part of the Boeing Company has previously estimated engine exhaust emissions' databases for the baseline year of 1992 and a 2015 forecast year scenario. Since their original creation, (Ward, 1994 and Metwally, 1995) revised technology algorithms have been developed. Additionally, GA databases have been created and all past NIDC emission inventories have been updated to reflect the new technology algorithms. Revised data (Baughcum, 1996 and Baughcum, 1997) for the scheduled inventories have been used in this report to provide a comparison of the total aviation emission forecasts from various components. Global results of two historic years (1976 and 1984), a baseline year (1992) and a forecast year (2015) are presented. Since engine emissions are directly related to fuel usage, an overview of individual aviation annual global fuel use for each inventory component is also given in this report.

Evaluation of Traffic Density Parameters as an Indicator of Vehicle Emission-Related Near-Road Air Pollution: A Case Study with NEXUS Measurement Data on Black Carbon.

PubMed

Liu, Shi V; Chen, Fu-Lin; Xue, Jianping

2017-12-15

An important factor in evaluating health risk of near-road air pollution is to accurately estimate the traffic-related vehicle emission of air pollutants. Inclusion of traffic parameters such as road length/area, distance to roads, and traffic volume/intensity into models such as land use regression (LUR) models has improved exposure estimation. To better understand the relationship between vehicle emissions and near-road air pollution, we evaluated three traffic density-based indices: Major-Road Density (MRD), All-Traffic Density (ATD) and Heavy-Traffic Density (HTD) which represent the proportions of major roads, major road with annual average daily traffic (AADT), and major road with commercial annual average daily traffic (CAADT) in a buffered area, respectively. We evaluated the potential of these indices as vehicle emission-specific near-road air pollutant indicators by analyzing their correlation with black carbon (BC), a marker for mobile source air pollutants, using measurement data obtained from the Near-road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS). The average BC concentrations during a day showed variations consistent with changes in traffic volume which were classified into high, medium, and low for the morning rush hours, the evening rush hours, and the rest of the day, respectively. The average correlation coefficients between BC concentrations and MRD, ATD, and HTD, were 0.26, 0.18, and 0.48, respectively, as compared with -0.31 and 0.25 for two commonly used traffic indicators: nearest distance to a major road and total length of the major road. HTD, which includes only heavy-duty diesel vehicles in its traffic count, gives statistically significant correlation coefficients for all near-road distances (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) that were analyzed. Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses show that season, traffic volume, HTD, and distance from major roads are highly related to BC measurements. Our analyses indicate that traffic density parameters may be more specific indicators of near-road BC concentrations for health risk studies. HTD is the best index for reflecting near-road BC concentrations which are influenced mainly by the emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines.

Evaluation of Traffic Density Parameters as an Indicator of Vehicle Emission-Related Near-Road Air Pollution: A Case Study with NEXUS Measurement Data on Black Carbon

PubMed Central

Chen, Fu-Lin; Xue, Jianping

2017-01-01

An important factor in evaluating health risk of near-road air pollution is to accurately estimate the traffic-related vehicle emission of air pollutants. Inclusion of traffic parameters such as road length/area, distance to roads, and traffic volume/intensity into models such as land use regression (LUR) models has improved exposure estimation. To better understand the relationship between vehicle emissions and near-road air pollution, we evaluated three traffic density-based indices: Major-Road Density (MRD), All-Traffic Density (ATD) and Heavy-Traffic Density (HTD) which represent the proportions of major roads, major road with annual average daily traffic (AADT), and major road with commercial annual average daily traffic (CAADT) in a buffered area, respectively. We evaluated the potential of these indices as vehicle emission-specific near-road air pollutant indicators by analyzing their correlation with black carbon (BC), a marker for mobile source air pollutants, using measurement data obtained from the Near-road Exposures and Effects of Urban Air Pollutants Study (NEXUS). The average BC concentrations during a day showed variations consistent with changes in traffic volume which were classified into high, medium, and low for the morning rush hours, the evening rush hours, and the rest of the day, respectively. The average correlation coefficients between BC concentrations and MRD, ATD, and HTD, were 0.26, 0.18, and 0.48, respectively, as compared with −0.31 and 0.25 for two commonly used traffic indicators: nearest distance to a major road and total length of the major road. HTD, which includes only heavy-duty diesel vehicles in its traffic count, gives statistically significant correlation coefficients for all near-road distances (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 m) that were analyzed. Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses show that season, traffic volume, HTD, and distance from major roads are highly related to BC measurements. Our analyses indicate that traffic density parameters may be more specific indicators of near-road BC concentrations for health risk studies. HTD is the best index for reflecting near-road BC concentrations which are influenced mainly by the emissions of heavy-duty diesel engines. PMID:29244754

Analysis of an Increase in the Efficiency of a Spark Ignition Engine Through the Application of an Automotive Thermoelectric Generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merkisz, Jerzy; Fuc, Pawel; Lijewski, Piotr; Ziolkowski, Andrzej; Galant, Marta; Siedlecki, Maciej

2016-08-01

We have analyzed the increase of the overall efficiency of a spark ignition engine through energy recovery following the application of an automotive thermoelectric generator (ATEG) of our own design. The design of the generator was developed following emission investigations during vehicle driving under city traffic conditions. The measurement points were defined by actual operation conditions (engine speed and load), subsequently reproduced on an engine dynamometer. Both the vehicle used in the on-road tests and the engine dynamometer were fit with the same, downsized spark ignition engine (with high effective power-to-displacement ratio). The thermodynamic parameters of the exhaust gases (temperature and exhaust gas mass flow) were measured on the engine testbed, along with the fuel consumption and electric current generated by the thermoelectric modules. On this basis, the power of the ATEG and its impact on overall engine efficiency were determined.

Evaluation of the social and economic burden of road traffic noise-attributed myocardial infarction in Bulgarian urban population.

PubMed

Dzhambov, Angel M; Dimitrova, Donka D

2015-03-01

Road traffic noise is a widely studied environmental risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction in particular. Given that myocardial infarction is a leading disability and mortality cause in Bulgaria and that a significant proportion of the urban population is exposed to high noise levels, quantification of the burden of disease attributable to traffic noise is essential for environmental health policy making and noise control engineering. This study aimed at estimating the burden of the myocardial infarction cases attributable to road traffic noise in the Bulgarian urban population. We used the methodology for estimating the burden of disease attributable to environmental noise outlined by the World Health Organization. Risk data were extracted from a recently published meta-analysis providing updated exposure-response relationship between traffic noise and the risk for myocardial infarction. Based on these data we calculated the fraction of myocardial infarction cases attributable to traffic noise, loss of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and the economic burden, assuming € 12,000 per QALY. About 2.9 % or 101 of all myocardial infarction cases could be attributed to road traffic noise. Fifty-five of these were fatal. Nine hundred and sixty-eight QALYs were lost to these cases. The monetary value of these QALYs was about € 11.6 million. Although the measures used in this study are crude and give only an approximation of the real burden of disease from road traffic noise, they are indicative of the important social and economic aspect of noise pollution in Bulgaria. Hopefully, these results will direct the attention of epidemiologists, environmental hygienists, and health economists to this pivotal environmental issue.

A bibliometric analysis of the published road traffic injuries research in India, post-1990.

PubMed

Sharma, Neeraj; Bairwa, Mohan; Gowthamghosh, B; Gupta, S D; Mangal, D K

2018-03-01

Globally, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among those aged 15-29 years. However, road traffic injury research has not received adequate attention from the scientific community in low- and middle-income countries, including India. The present study aims to provide a bibliometric overview of research assessing road traffic injuries in India. We used Scopus to extract relevant research in road traffic injuries published from 1991 to 2017. This study presented the key bibliometric indicators such as trends of annual publications and citations, top 10 authors, journals, institutions and highly cited articles, citation analysis of articles, co-occurrence of keywords, etc. Analysis was performed using Scopus, Microsoft Excel, and VOS-viewer. A total of 242 articles were retrieved with an h-index of 18, excluding self-citations. A steadfast growth of publications was documented in last decade, especially after the year 2010. The h-index of the top 10 authors, institutions, journals and highly cited articles did not surpass single digits. A network visualisation map showed that 'traffic accident', 'male', 'adolescent' and 'child' were the most commonly encountered key terms. The prominent authors were Gururaj G, Dandona R, and Hyder AA, whereas the top journals were the Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medico Legal Update, and the International Journal of Applied Engineering Research and top institutions were the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, and the Administrative Staff College of India. In India, road traffic injuries research is inadequate in quantity and quality, warranting greater attention from researchers and policy planners to address the burden of road traffic injuries.

23 CFR 656.7 - Determination of an exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of an exception. 656.7 Section 656.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... and services include: public service announcements, computer services, and project-related staff time...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 630.1008 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and... sustain their respective work zone safety and mobility policies. State-level processes and procedures...

23 CFR 630.1016 - Compliance date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Compliance date. 630.1016 Section 630.1016 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1016 Compliance date. States shall comply with all...

23 CFR 630.1016 - Compliance date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Compliance date. 630.1016 Section 630.1016 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1016 Compliance date. States shall comply with all...

23 CFR 630.1016 - Compliance date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Compliance date. 630.1016 Section 630.1016 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1016 Compliance date. States shall comply with all...

23 CFR 630.1016 - Compliance date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Compliance date. 630.1016 Section 630.1016 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1016 Compliance date. States shall comply with all...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 630.1008 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and... sustain their respective work zone safety and mobility policies. State-level processes and procedures...

23 CFR 630.1008 - State-level processes and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 630.1008 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1008 State-level processes and... sustain their respective work zone safety and mobility policies. State-level processes and procedures...

23 CFR 630.1016 - Compliance date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Compliance date. 630.1016 Section 630.1016 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Work Zone Safety and Mobility § 630.1016 Compliance date. States shall comply with all...

23 CFR 660.112 - Project development.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Project development. 660.112 Section 660.112 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS (DIRECT FEDERAL) Forest Highways § 660.112 Project development. (a) Projects to be administered by...

49 CFR 535.9 - Enforcement approach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... testing throughout a given model year in order to validate data received from manufacturers and will... model year. The average set balance is based upon the engines or vehicles performance above or below the...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 512 - General Class Determinations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 512 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION Pt. 512, App. B... significant reverse engineering; (2) Future specific model plans (to be protected only until the date on which...

23 CFR 656.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 656.1 Section 656.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CARPOOL AND VANPOOL PROJECTS... administering a program of ridesharing projects using Federal-aid primary, secondary, and urban system funds. ...

23 CFR 657.13 - Certification requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certification requirement. 657.13 Section 657.13 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... Primary, Secondary, and Urban Systems, including the Interstate System, in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 127...

23 CFR 656.7 - Determination of an exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Determination of an exception. 656.7 Section 656.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... and services include: public service announcements, computer services, and project-related staff time...

23 CFR 656.7 - Determination of an exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Determination of an exception. 656.7 Section 656.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... and services include: public service announcements, computer services, and project-related staff time...

23 CFR 656.7 - Determination of an exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Determination of an exception. 656.7 Section 656.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... and services include: public service announcements, computer services, and project-related staff time...

23 CFR 656.7 - Determination of an exception.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Determination of an exception. 656.7 Section 656.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... and services include: public service announcements, computer services, and project-related staff time...

23 CFR 652.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Purpose. 652.1 Section 652.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE... pedestrian and bicycle accommodations on Federal-aid projects, and Federal participation in the cost of these...

23 CFR 652.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 652.1 Section 652.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE... pedestrian and bicycle accommodations on Federal-aid projects, and Federal participation in the cost of these...

23 CFR 652.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 652.1 Section 652.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE... pedestrian and bicycle accommodations on Federal-aid projects, and Federal participation in the cost of these...

23 CFR 652.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Purpose. 652.1 Section 652.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE... pedestrian and bicycle accommodations on Federal-aid projects, and Federal participation in the cost of these...

23 CFR 652.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 652.1 Section 652.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE... pedestrian and bicycle accommodations on Federal-aid projects, and Federal participation in the cost of these...

23 CFR 630.802 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 630.802 Section 630.802 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Bridges on Federal Dams § 630.802 Applicability. A proposed bridge over a dam, together with the...

23 CFR 630.802 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 630.802 Section 630.802 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Bridges on Federal Dams § 630.802 Applicability. A proposed bridge over a dam, together with the...

23 CFR 625.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 625.1 Section 625.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAYS § 625.1 Purpose. To designate those standards, policies, and standard specifications that are acceptable...

23 CFR 630.404 - Standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Standards. 630.404 Section 630.404 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Geodetic Markers § 630.404 Standards. (a) Highway purposes may best be served by the establishment...

23 CFR 630.401 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 630.401 Section 630.401 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Geodetic Markers § 630.401 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to prescribe procedures for...

23 CFR 630.402 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Policy. 630.402 Section 630.402 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Geodetic Markers § 630.402 Policy. (a) Geodetic surveys along Federal-aid highway routes may be programmed...

23 CFR 625.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 625.1 Section 625.1 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN STANDARDS FOR HIGHWAYS... to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for application in the geometric and structural design...

In-Vehicle Signing Functions of an In-Vehicle Information System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

The definition of In-Vehicle Signing (IVS) functions was guided by the principles of traffic engineering as they apply to the design and placement of roadway signs. Because of the dynamic and active nature of computing, communications, and display te...

Twenty-four hour peaking relationship to level of service and other measures of effectiveness : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-08-01

Increasing congestion on urban roads has placed demands on planners to find solutions : that are within budget restrictions and that acknowledge physical restraints on possible : expansions. For planning purposes, traffic engineers have focused on su...

23 CFR 630.203 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicability. 630.203 Section 630.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... apply to all highway construction projects financed in whole or in part with Federal-aid highway funds...

23 CFR 658.7 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 658.7 Section 658.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRUCK SIZE AND... access thereto. However, nothing in this regulation shall be construed to prevent any State from applying...

23 CFR 630.203 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicability. 630.203 Section 630.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... apply to all highway construction projects financed in whole or in part with Federal-aid highway funds...

23 CFR 635.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicability. 635.103 Section 635.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND... in this subpart shall apply to all Federal-aid highway projects. [69 FR 7118, Feb. 13, 2004] ...

23 CFR 635.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 635.103 Section 635.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND... in this subpart shall apply to all Federal-aid highway projects. [69 FR 7118, Feb. 13, 2004] ...

23 CFR 646.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 646.101 Section 646.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad... which Federal funds may be applied to the costs of public liability and property damage insurance...

23 CFR 635.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 635.202 Section 635.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.202 Applicability. This subpart applies to all Federal-aid and...

23 CFR 635.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicability. 635.103 Section 635.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND... in this subpart shall apply to all Federal-aid highway projects. [69 FR 7118, Feb. 13, 2004] ...

23 CFR 635.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicability. 635.202 Section 635.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.202 Applicability. This subpart applies to all Federal-aid and...

23 CFR 646.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Purpose. 646.101 Section 646.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad... which Federal funds may be applied to the costs of public liability and property damage insurance...

23 CFR 650.303 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 650.303 Section 650.303 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... Inspection Standards (NBIS) in this subpart apply to all structures defined as highway bridges located on all...

23 CFR 635.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicability. 635.103 Section 635.103 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND... in this subpart shall apply to all Federal-aid highway projects. [69 FR 7118, Feb. 13, 2004] ...

23 CFR 635.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 635.202 Section 635.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.202 Applicability. This subpart applies to all Federal-aid and...

23 CFR 630.203 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Applicability. 630.203 Section 630.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... apply to all highway construction projects financed in whole or in part with Federal-aid highway funds...

23 CFR 650.303 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 650.303 Section 650.303 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS BRIDGES... Inspection Standards (NBIS) in this subpart apply to all structures defined as highway bridges located on all...

23 CFR 635.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicability. 635.202 Section 635.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.202 Applicability. This subpart applies to all Federal-aid and...

23 CFR 635.202 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicability. 635.202 Section 635.202 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Force Account Construction § 635.202 Applicability. This subpart applies to all Federal-aid and...

23 CFR 630.203 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Applicability. 630.203 Section 630.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... apply to all highway construction projects financed in whole or in part with Federal-aid highway funds...

23 CFR 658.7 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applicability. 658.7 Section 658.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRUCK SIZE AND... access thereto. However, nothing in this regulation shall be construed to prevent any State from applying...

23 CFR 658.7 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Applicability. 658.7 Section 658.7 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRUCK SIZE AND... access thereto. However, nothing in this regulation shall be construed to prevent any State from applying...

23 CFR 646.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Purpose. 646.101 Section 646.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad... which Federal funds may be applied to the costs of public liability and property damage insurance...

23 CFR 630.203 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability. 630.203 Section 630.203 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS PRECONSTRUCTION... apply to all highway construction projects financed in whole or in part with Federal-aid highway funds...

23 CFR 646.101 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Purpose. 646.101 Section 646.101 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS RAILROADS Railroad... which Federal funds may be applied to the costs of public liability and property damage insurance...