Optimization of the Design of Pre-Signal System Using Improved Cellular Automaton

PubMed Central

Li, Yan; Li, Ke; Tao, Siran; Chen, Kuanmin

2014-01-01

The pre-signal system can improve the efficiency of intersection approach under rational design. One of the main obstacles in optimizing the design of pre-signal system is that driving behaviors in the sorting area cannot be well evaluated. The NaSch model was modified by considering slow probability, turning-deceleration rules, and lane changing rules. It was calibrated with field observed data to explore the interactions among design parameters. The simulation results of the proposed model indicate that the length of sorting area, traffic demand, signal timing, and lane allocation are the most important influence factors. The recommendations of these design parameters are demonstrated. The findings of this paper can be foundations for the design of pre-signal system and show promising improvement in traffic mobility. PMID:25435871

Auction Mechanism to Allocate Air Traffic Control Slots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raffarin, Marianne

2003-01-01

This article deals with an auction mechanism for airspace slots, as a means of solving the European airspace congestion problem. A disequilibrium, between Air Traffic Control (ATC) services supply and ATC services demand are at the origin of almost one fourth of delays in the air transport industry in Europe. In order to tackle this congestion problem, we suggest modifying both pricing and allocation of ATC services, by setting up an auction mechanism. Objects of the auction will be the right for airlines to cross a part of the airspace, and then to benefit from ATC services over a period corresponding to the necessary time for the crossing. Allocation and payment rules have to be defined according to the objectives of this auction. The auctioneer is the public authority in charge of ATC services, whose aim is to obtain an efficient allocation. Therefore, the social value will be maximized. Another objective is to internalize congestion costs. To that end, we apply the principle of Clarke-Groves mechanism auction: each winner has to pay the externalities imposed on other bidders. The complex context of ATC leads to a specific design for this auction.

Effect of density on traffic and velocity on trunk trails of Formica pratensis.

PubMed

Hönicke, C; Bliss, P; Moritz, R F A

2015-04-01

The allocation of large numbers of workers facilitates the swift intake of locally available resources which is essential for ant colony survival. To organise the traffic between nest and food source, the black-meadow ant Formica pratensis establishes permanent trunk trails, which are maintained by the ants. To unravel the ant organisation and potential traffic rules on these trails, we analysed velocity and lane segregation under various densities by experimentally changing feeding regimes. Even under the highest ant densities achieved, we never observed any traffic jams. On the contrary, velocity increased after supplementary feeding despite an enhanced density. Furthermore, inbound ants returning to the nest had a higher velocity than those leaving the colony. Whilst at low and medium density the ants used the centre of the trail, they used the full width of the trail at high density. Outbound ants also showed some degree of lane segregation which contributes to traffic organisation.

Function Allocation between Automation and Human Pilot for Airborne Separation Assurance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Idris, Husni; Enea, Gabriele; Lewis, TImothy A.

2016-01-01

Maintaining safe separation between aircraft is a key determinant of the airspace capacity to handle air transportation. With the advent of satellite-based surveillance, aircraft equipped with the needed technologies are now capable of maintaining awareness of their location in the airspace and sharing it with their surrounding traffic. As a result, concepts and cockpit automation are emerging to enable delegating the responsibility of maintaining safe separation from traffic to the pilot; thus increasing the airspace capacity by alleviating the limitation of the current non-scalable centralized ground-based system. In this paper, an analysis of allocating separation assurance functions to the human pilot and cockpit automation is presented to support the design of these concepts and technologies. A task analysis was conducted with the help of Petri nets to identify the main separation assurance functions and their interactions. Each function was characterized by three behavior levels that may be needed to perform the task: skill, rule and knowledge based levels. Then recommendations are made for allocating each function to an automation scale based on their behavior level characterization and with the help of Subject matter experts.

Design and Evaluation of Nextgen Aircraft Separation Assurance Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Walter; Ho, Nhut; Arutyunov, Vladimir; Laue, John-Luke; Wilmoth, Ian

2012-01-01

To support the development and evaluation of future function allocation concepts for separation assurance systems for the Next Generation Air Transportation System, this paper presents the design and human-in-the-loop evaluation of three feasible function allocation concepts that allocate primary aircraft separation assurance responsibilities and workload to: 1) pilots; 2) air traffic controllers (ATC); and 3) automation. The design of these concepts also included rules of the road, separation assurance burdens for aircraft of different equipage levels, and utilization of advanced weather displays paired with advanced conflict detection and resolution automation. Results of the human-in-the-loop simulation show that: a) all the concepts are robust with respect to weather perturbation; b) concept 1 (pilots) had highest throughput, closest to assigned spacing, and fewest violations of speed and altitude restrictions; c) the energy of the aircraft during the descent phase was better managed in concepts 1 and 2 (pilots and ATC) than in concept 3 (automation), in which the situation awareness of pilots and controllers was lowest, and workload of pilots was highest. The paper also discusses further development of these concepts and their augmentation and integration with future air traffic management tools and systems that are being considered for NextGen.

14 CFR 91.139 - Emergency air traffic rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Emergency air traffic rules. 91.139 Section...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules General § 91.139 Emergency air traffic rules. (a) This section prescribes a process for utilizing Notices to Airmen...

14 CFR 91.139 - Emergency air traffic rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Emergency air traffic rules. 91.139 Section...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules General § 91.139 Emergency air traffic rules. (a) This section prescribes a process for utilizing Notices to Airmen...

14 CFR 91.139 - Emergency air traffic rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Emergency air traffic rules. 91.139 Section...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules General § 91.139 Emergency air traffic rules. (a) This section prescribes a process for utilizing Notices to Airmen...

33 CFR 83.10 - Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Traffic separation schemes (Rule... Visibility § 83.10 Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10). (a) Obligations under other Rules unaffected. This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any...

33 CFR 83.10 - Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Traffic separation schemes (Rule... Visibility § 83.10 Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10). (a) Obligations under other Rules unaffected. This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any...

33 CFR 83.10 - Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Traffic separation schemes (Rule... Visibility § 83.10 Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10). (a) Obligations under other Rules unaffected. This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any...

33 CFR 83.10 - Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Traffic separation schemes (Rule... Visibility § 83.10 Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10). (a) Obligations under other Rules unaffected. This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any...

33 CFR 83.10 - Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Traffic separation schemes (Rule... Visibility § 83.10 Traffic separation schemes (Rule 10). (a) Obligations under other Rules unaffected. This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any...

14 CFR 93.121 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.121 Applicability. This subpart designates high density traffic airports and prescribes air traffic rules for...

14 CFR 93.121 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.121 Applicability. This subpart designates high density traffic airports and prescribes air traffic rules for...

14 CFR 93.121 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.121 Applicability. This subpart designates high density traffic airports and prescribes air traffic rules for...

14 CFR 93.121 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.121 Applicability. This subpart designates high density traffic airports and prescribes air traffic rules for...

14 CFR 93.121 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.121 Applicability. This subpart designates high density traffic airports and prescribes air traffic rules for...

Optimal resource allocation strategy for two-layer complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Jinlong; Wang, Lixin; Li, Sufeng; Duan, Congwen; Liu, Yu

2018-02-01

We study the traffic dynamics on two-layer complex networks, and focus on its delivery capacity allocation strategy to enhance traffic capacity measured by the critical value Rc. With the limited packet-delivering capacity, we propose a delivery capacity allocation strategy which can balance the capacities of non-hub nodes and hub nodes to optimize the data flow. With the optimal value of parameter αc, the maximal network capacity is reached because most of the nodes have shared the appropriate delivery capacity by the proposed delivery capacity allocation strategy. Our work will be beneficial to network service providers to design optimal networked traffic dynamics.

Analysis of Traffic Conflicts in a Mixed-Airspace Evaluation of Airborne Separation Assurance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Timothy A.

2013-01-01

A pair of human-in-the-loop simulation evaluations of a distributed air/ground separation assurance system have been conducted to investigate the function allocation between humans and automation systems as well as ground-based and airborne agents in the Next Generation Air Transportation System and beyond. This paper focuses on an analysis of certain critical conflicts observed between self-separating aircraft and ground-managed traffic in the same airspace. The principal cause of each conflict is identified and potential mitigations are discussed, such as: the sharing of trajectory intent information between the ground and the air; more cautious trajectory planning by the self-separating aircraft; and more equitable rules-of-the-road between the self-separating aircraft and ground-managed aircraft. This analysis will inform the ongoing design of an airborne separation assurance automation tool.

Preventing child pedestrian injury: pedestrian education or traffic calming?

PubMed

Roberts, I; Ashton, T; Dunn, R; Lee-Joe, T

1994-06-01

The traditional approach to the prevention of child pedestrian injuries in New Zealand is pedestrian education. However, none of the programs currently being implemented in New Zealand have ever been shown to reduce injury rates. The allocation of scarce resources to pedestrian education must therefore be questioned. In this paper we estimate the number of serious child pedestrian injuries which might be prevented if the resources allocated to pedestrian education were allocated instead to environmental approaches, in particular, to traffic calming. It is estimated that approximately 18 hospitalisations of child pedestrians could be prevented each year under this alternative resource allocation, disregarding any other benefits of traffic calming. These results emphasise the need to consider the potential sacrifices involved in the allocation of scarce resources to child pedestrian education.

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

14 CFR 93.67 - General rules: Bryant segment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic shown on the appropriate aeronautical charts, and while in the traffic pattern, shall operate that airplane at an altitude of at least 1,000 feet MSL until... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal...

Rethinking Traffic Management: Design of Optimizable Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

Though this paper used optimization theory to design and analyze DaVinci , op- timization theory is one of many possible tools to enable a grounded...dynamically allocate bandwidth shares. The distributed protocols can be implemented using DaVinci : Dynamically Adaptive VIrtual Networks for a Customized...Internet. In DaVinci , each virtual network runs traffic-management protocols optimized for a traffic class, and link bandwidth is dynamically allocated

14 CFR 93.125 - Arrival or departure reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports... may operate an aircraft to or from an airport designated as a high density traffic airport unless he...

14 CFR 93.125 - Arrival or departure reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports... may operate an aircraft to or from an airport designated as a high density traffic airport unless he...

14 CFR 93.125 - Arrival or departure reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports... may operate an aircraft to or from an airport designated as a high density traffic airport unless he...

14 CFR 93.125 - Arrival or departure reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports... may operate an aircraft to or from an airport designated as a high density traffic airport unless he...

14 CFR 93.125 - Arrival or departure reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports... may operate an aircraft to or from an airport designated as a high density traffic airport unless he...

A cellular automaton model for ship traffic flow in waterways

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Le; Zheng, Zhongyi; Gang, Longhui

2017-04-01

With the development of marine traffic, waterways become congested and more complicated traffic phenomena in ship traffic flow are observed. It is important and necessary to build a ship traffic flow model based on cellular automata (CAs) to study the phenomena and improve marine transportation efficiency and safety. Spatial discretization rules for waterways and update rules for ship movement are two important issues that are very different from vehicle traffic. To solve these issues, a CA model for ship traffic flow, called a spatial-logical mapping (SLM) model, is presented. In this model, the spatial discretization rules are improved by adding a mapping rule. And the dynamic ship domain model is considered in the update rules to describe ships' interaction more exactly. Take the ship traffic flow in the Singapore Strait for example, some simulations were carried out and compared. The simulations show that the SLM model could avoid ship pseudo lane-change efficiently, which is caused by traditional spatial discretization rules. The ship velocity change in the SLM model is consistent with the measured data. At finally, from the fundamental diagram, the relationship between traffic ability and the lengths of ships is explored. The number of ships in the waterway declines when the proportion of large ships increases.

Resource allocation in shared spectrum access communications for operators with diverse service requirements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kibria, Mirza Golam; Villardi, Gabriel Porto; Ishizu, Kentaro; Kojima, Fumihide; Yano, Hiroyuki

2016-12-01

In this paper, we study inter-operator spectrum sharing and intra-operator resource allocation in shared spectrum access communication systems and propose efficient dynamic solutions to address both inter-operator and intra-operator resource allocation optimization problems. For inter-operator spectrum sharing, we present two competent approaches, namely the subcarrier gain-based sharing and fragmentation-based sharing, which carry out fair and flexible allocation of the available shareable spectrum among the operators subject to certain well-defined sharing rules, traffic demands, and channel propagation characteristics. The subcarrier gain-based spectrum sharing scheme has been found to be more efficient in terms of achieved throughput. However, the fragmentation-based sharing is more attractive in terms of computational complexity. For intra-operator resource allocation, we consider resource allocation problem with users' dissimilar service requirements, where the operator supports users with delay constraint and non-delay constraint service requirements, simultaneously. This optimization problem is a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem and non-convex, which is computationally very expensive, and the complexity grows exponentially with the number of integer variables. We propose less-complex and efficient suboptimal solution based on formulating exact linearization, linear approximation, and convexification techniques for the non-linear and/or non-convex objective functions and constraints. Extensive simulation performance analysis has been carried out that validates the efficiency of the proposed solution.

Grazing Soybean to Increase Voluntary Cow Traffic in a Pasture-based Automatic Milking System

PubMed Central

Clark, C. E. F.; Horadagoda, A.; Kerrisk, K. L.; Scott, V.; Islam, M. R.; Kaur, R.; Garcia, S. C.

2014-01-01

Pasture-based automatic milking systems (AMS) require cow traffic to enable cows to be milked. The interval between milkings can be manipulated by strategically allocating pasture. The current experiment investigated the effect of replacing an allocation of grazed pasture with grazed soybean (Glycine max) with the hypothesis that incorporating soybean would increase voluntary cow traffic and milk production. One hundred and eighty mixed age, primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian/Illawarra cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (n = 90/group) with a 2×2 Latin square design. Each group was either offered treatments of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hoach ex Chiov.) pasture (pasture) or soybean from 0900 h to 1500 h during the experimental period which consisted of 2 periods of 3 days following 5 days of training and adaptation in each period with groups crossing over treatments after the first period. The number of cows trafficking to each treatment was similar together with milk yield (mean ≈18 L/cow/d) in this experiment. For the cows that arrived at soybean or pasture there were significant differences in their behaviour and consequently the number of cows exiting each treatment paddock. There was greater cow traffic (more cows and sooner) exiting pasture allocations. Cows that arrived at soybean stayed on the allocation for 25% more time and ate more forage (8.5 kg/cow/d/allocation) relative to pasture (4.7 kg/cow/d/allocation). Pasture cows predominantly replaced eating time with rumination. These findings suggest that replacing pasture with alternative grazeable forages provides no additional incentive to increase voluntary cow traffic to an allocation of feed in AMS. This work highlights the opportunity to increase forage intakes in AMS through the incorporation of alternative forages. PMID:25049970

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.57 - General rules: All segments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Area shall conform to the flow of traffic depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. (c) Each person operating a helicopter shall operate it in a manner so as to avoid the flow of airplanes. (d...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area...

14 CFR 93.331 - Purpose and applicability of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Washington, DC... prescribes special air traffic rules for aircraft operating in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area. Because identification and control of aircraft is required for reasons of national security, the areas described in this...

14 CFR 93.331 - Purpose and applicability of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Washington, DC... prescribes special air traffic rules for aircraft operating in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area. Because identification and control of aircraft is required for reasons of national security, the areas described in this...

Dynamic Capacity Allocation Algorithms for iNET Link Manager

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

algorithm that can better cope with severe congestion and misbehaving users and traffic flows. We compare the E-LM with the LM baseline algorithm (B-LM...capacity allocation algorithm that can better cope with severe congestion and misbehaving users and traffic flows. We compare the E-LM with the LM

Studies in integrated line-and packet-switched computer communication systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maglaris, B. S.

1980-06-01

The problem of efficiently allocating the bandwidth of a trunk to both types of traffic is handled for various system and traffic models. A performance analysis is carried out both for variable and fixed frame schemes. It is shown that variable frame schemes, adjusting the frame length according to the traffic variations, offer better trunk utilization at the cost of the additional hardware and software complexity needed because of the lack of synchronization. An optimization study on the fixed frame schemes follows. The problem of dynamically allocating the fixed frame to both types of traffic is formulated as a Markovian Decision process. It is shown that the movable boundary scheme, suggested for commercial implementations of integrated multiplexors, offers optimal or near optimal performance and simplicity of implementation. Finally, the behavior of the movable boundary integrated scheme is studied for tandem link connections. Under the assumptions made for the line-switched traffic, the forward allocation technique is found to offer the best alternative among different path set-up strategies.

26 CFR 1.460-5 - Cost allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... rules. (a) Overview. This section prescribes methods of allocating costs to long-term contracts... section provides rules concerning consistency in method of allocating costs to long-term contracts. (b... paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a taxpayer must allocate costs to each long-term contract subject to the...

26 CFR 1.460-5 - Cost allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... rules. (a) Overview. This section prescribes methods of allocating costs to long-term contracts... section provides rules concerning consistency in method of allocating costs to long-term contracts. (b... paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a taxpayer must allocate costs to each long-term contract subject to the...

26 CFR 1.460-5 - Cost allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... rules. (a) Overview. This section prescribes methods of allocating costs to long-term contracts... section provides rules concerning consistency in method of allocating costs to long-term contracts. (b... paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a taxpayer must allocate costs to each long-term contract subject to the...

26 CFR 1.460-5 - Cost allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... rules. (a) Overview. This section prescribes methods of allocating costs to long-term contracts... section provides rules concerning consistency in method of allocating costs to long-term contracts. (b... paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a taxpayer must allocate costs to each long-term contract subject to the...

A Review of Function Allocation and En Route Separation Assurance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Timothy A.; Aweiss, Arwa S.; Guerreiro, Nelson M.; Daiker, Ronald J.

2016-01-01

Today's air traffic control system has reached a limit to the number of aircraft that can be safely managed at the same time. This air traffic capacity bottleneck is a critical problem along the path to modernization for air transportation. The design of the next separation assurance system to address this problem is a cornerstone of air traffic management research today. This report reviews recent work by NASA and others in the areas of function allocation and en route separation assurance. This includes: separation assurance algorithms and technology prototypes; concepts of operations and designs for advanced separation assurance systems; and specific investigations into air-ground and human-automation function allocation.

Decision tables and rule engines in organ allocation systems for optimal transparency and flexibility.

PubMed

Schaafsma, Murk; van der Deijl, Wilfred; Smits, Jacqueline M; Rahmel, Axel O; de Vries Robbé, Pieter F; Hoitsma, Andries J

2011-05-01

Organ allocation systems have become complex and difficult to comprehend. We introduced decision tables to specify the rules of allocation systems for different organs. A rule engine with decision tables as input was tested for the Kidney Allocation System (ETKAS). We compared this rule engine with the currently used ETKAS by running 11,000 historical match runs and by running the rule engine in parallel with the ETKAS on our allocation system. Decision tables were easy to implement and successful in verifying correctness, completeness, and consistency. The outcomes of the 11,000 historical matches in the rule engine and the ETKAS were exactly the same. Running the rule engine simultaneously in parallel and in real time with the ETKAS also produced no differences. Specifying organ allocation rules in decision tables is already a great step forward in enhancing the clarity of the systems. Yet, using these tables as rule engine input for matches optimizes the flexibility, simplicity and clarity of the whole process, from specification to the performed matches, and in addition this new method allows well controlled simulations. © 2011 The Authors. Transplant International © 2011 European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Traffic Behavior Recognition Using the Pachinko Allocation Model

PubMed Central

Huynh-The, Thien; Banos, Oresti; Le, Ba-Vui; Bui, Dinh-Mao; Yoon, Yongik; Lee, Sungyoung

2015-01-01

CCTV-based behavior recognition systems have gained considerable attention in recent years in the transportation surveillance domain for identifying unusual patterns, such as traffic jams, accidents, dangerous driving and other abnormal behaviors. In this paper, a novel approach for traffic behavior modeling is presented for video-based road surveillance. The proposed system combines the pachinko allocation model (PAM) and support vector machine (SVM) for a hierarchical representation and identification of traffic behavior. A background subtraction technique using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and an object tracking mechanism based on Kalman filters are utilized to firstly construct the object trajectories. Then, the sparse features comprising the locations and directions of the moving objects are modeled by PAM into traffic topics, namely activities and behaviors. As a key innovation, PAM captures not only the correlation among the activities, but also among the behaviors based on the arbitrary directed acyclic graph (DAG). The SVM classifier is then utilized on top to train and recognize the traffic activity and behavior. The proposed model shows more flexibility and greater expressive power than the commonly-used latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) approach, leading to a higher recognition accuracy in the behavior classification. PMID:26151213

Traffic offense sentencing processes and highway safety. Volume 1, Summary report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-04-01

The history and development of traffic offense sanctions are reviewed. Criteria for traffic offense sanctions are discussed in terms of evenness, economy, appropriateness, rational allocation, effectiveness and parsimony. The framework for developmen...

A spatial editing and validation process for short count traffic data : final report, July 2006.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-07-07

The Traffic Survey Unit (TSU) manages 40,000 traffic monitoring stations, of which 25,000 are updated annually. : These counts obtained by TSU play a crucial role in allocation of resources for the maintenance, upgrade, and : expansion of traffic inf...

14 CFR 93.133 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Exceptions. 93.133 Section 93.133 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.133...

14 CFR 93.133 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Exceptions. 93.133 Section 93.133 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.133...

14 CFR 93.133 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Exceptions. 93.133 Section 93.133 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.133...

14 CFR 93.133 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Exceptions. 93.133 Section 93.133 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.133...

14 CFR 93.133 - Exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Exceptions. 93.133 Section 93.133 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES High Density Traffic Airports § 93.133...

Exploiting geo-distributed clouds for a e-health monitoring system with minimum service delay and privacy preservation.

PubMed

Shen, Qinghua; Liang, Xiaohui; Shen, Xuemin; Lin, Xiaodong; Luo, Henry Y

2014-03-01

In this paper, we propose an e-health monitoring system with minimum service delay and privacy preservation by exploiting geo-distributed clouds. In the system, the resource allocation scheme enables the distributed cloud servers to cooperatively assign the servers to the requested users under the load balance condition. Thus, the service delay for users is minimized. In addition, a traffic-shaping algorithm is proposed. The traffic-shaping algorithm converts the user health data traffic to the nonhealth data traffic such that the capability of traffic analysis attacks is largely reduced. Through the numerical analysis, we show the efficiency of the proposed traffic-shaping algorithm in terms of service delay and privacy preservation. Furthermore, through the simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed resource allocation scheme significantly reduces the service delay compared to two other alternatives using jointly the short queue and distributed control law.

Design and implementation of priority and time-window based traffic scheduling and routing-spectrum allocation mechanism in elastic optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Honghuan; Xing, Fangyuan; Yin, Hongxi; Zhao, Nan; Lian, Bizhan

2016-02-01

With the explosive growth of network services, the reasonable traffic scheduling and efficient configuration of network resources have an important significance to increase the efficiency of the network. In this paper, an adaptive traffic scheduling policy based on the priority and time window is proposed and the performance of this algorithm is evaluated in terms of scheduling ratio. The routing and spectrum allocation are achieved by using the Floyd shortest path algorithm and establishing a node spectrum resource allocation model based on greedy algorithm, which is proposed by us. The fairness index is introduced to improve the capability of spectrum configuration. The results show that the designed traffic scheduling strategy can be applied to networks with multicast and broadcast functionalities, and makes them get real-time and efficient response. The scheme of node spectrum configuration improves the frequency resource utilization and gives play to the efficiency of the network.

14 CFR 93.31 - Minimum usage requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... operating Carrier used for air traffic control communications, scheduled time of operation, origin airport...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Congestion and Delay Reduction at... shall identify any Common Ownership or control of, by, or with any other carrier. A senior official of...

14 CFR 93.31 - Minimum usage requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... operating Carrier used for air traffic control communications, scheduled time of operation, origin airport...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Congestion and Delay Reduction at... shall identify any Common Ownership or control of, by, or with any other carrier. A senior official of...

75 FR 70331 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

... filing that, among other things, transferred all relevant duties from the Options Allocation, Evaluation... Streaming Quote Traders. The Allocation and Assignment Rules also indicate, among other things, under what... evaluations and certain allocation procedures. Currently, Rule 511 indicates, among other things, that...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

14 CFR 93.69 - Special requirements, Lake Campbell and Sixmile Lake Airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES... person operating an aircraft to or from Lake Campbell or Sixmile Lake Airport shall conform to the flow of traffic for the Lake operations that are depicted on the appropriate aeronautical charts. ...

Holding-time-aware asymmetric spectrum allocation in virtual optical networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyu, Chunjian; Li, Hui; Liu, Yuze; Ji, Yuefeng

2017-10-01

Virtual optical networks (VONs) have been considered as a promising solution to support current high-capacity dynamic traffic and achieve rapid applications deployment. Since most of the network services (e.g., high-definition video service, cloud computing, distributed storage) in VONs are provisioned by dedicated data centers, needing different amount of bandwidth resources in both directions, the network traffic is mostly asymmetric. The common strategy, symmetric provisioning of traffic in optical networks, leads to a waste of spectrum resources in such traffic patterns. In this paper, we design a holding-time-aware asymmetric spectrum allocation module based on SDON architecture and an asymmetric spectrum allocation algorithm based on the module is proposed. For the purpose of reducing spectrum resources' waste, the algorithm attempts to reallocate the idle unidirectional spectrum slots in VONs, which are generated due to the asymmetry of services' bidirectional bandwidth. This part of resources can be exploited by other requests, such as short-time non-VON requests. We also introduce a two-dimensional asymmetric resource model for maintaining idle spectrum resources information of VON in spectrum and time domains. Moreover, a simulation is designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, and results show that our proposed asymmetric spectrum allocation algorithm can improve the resource waste and reduce blocking probability.

23 CFR 636.114 - What factors should be considered in risk allocation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What factors should be considered in risk allocation... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.114 What factors should be considered in risk allocation? (a) You may consider, identify, and allocate the risks in the RFP document and...

23 CFR 636.114 - What factors should be considered in risk allocation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What factors should be considered in risk allocation... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.114 What factors should be considered in risk allocation? (a) You may consider, identify, and allocate the risks in the RFP document and...

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update Allowance Allocation Final Rule TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides information that supports EPA’s determination of unit-level allocations for existing and new units under the final Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Update.

Dynamic Airspace Configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bloem, Michael J.

2014-01-01

In air traffic management systems, airspace is partitioned into regions in part to distribute the tasks associated with managing air traffic among different systems and people. These regions, as well as the systems and people allocated to each, are changed dynamically so that air traffic can be safely and efficiently managed. It is expected that new air traffic control systems will enable greater flexibility in how airspace is partitioned and how resources are allocated to airspace regions. In this talk, I will begin by providing an overview of some previous work and open questions in Dynamic Airspace Configuration research, which is concerned with how to partition airspace and assign resources to regions of airspace. For example, I will introduce airspace partitioning algorithms based on clustering, integer programming optimization, and computational geometry. I will conclude by discussing the development of a tablet-based tool that is intended to help air traffic controller supervisors configure airspace and controllers in current operations.

14 CFR 93.319 - Commercial air tour limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Commercial air tour limitations. 93.319... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.319 Commercial air tour limitations. (a) Unless excepted...

14 CFR 93.319 - Commercial air tour limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Commercial air tour limitations. 93.319... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.319 Commercial air tour limitations. (a) Unless excepted...

14 CFR 93.319 - Commercial air tour limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Commercial air tour limitations. 93.319... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.319 Commercial air tour limitations. (a) Unless excepted...

77 FR 13668 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Order Approving Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-07

... calculates each CDS Clearing Member's allocation to the CDS Guaranty Fund, with a new standard that CME believes better allocates tail risk. Currently CME rules provide that each CDS Clearing Member's allocation... that the allocation will be made on the basis of each CDS Clearing Member's potential residual loss...

Mental Accounting in Portfolio Choice: Evidence from a Flypaper Effect

PubMed Central

Choi, James J.; Laibson, David; Madrian, Brigitte C.

2009-01-01

Consistent with mental accounting, we document that investors sometimes choose the asset allocation for one account without considering the asset allocation of their other accounts. The setting is a firm that changed its 401(k) matching rules. Initially, 401(k) enrollees chose the allocation of their own contributions, but the firm chose the match allocation. These enrollees ignored the match allocation when choosing their own-contribution allocation. In the second regime, enrollees simultaneously selected both accounts’ allocations, leading them to mentally integrate the two. Own-contribution allocations before the rule change equal the combined own- and match-contribution allocations afterwards, whereas combined allocations differ sharply across regimes. PMID:20027235

14 CFR 93.307 - Minimum flight altitudes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum flight altitudes. 93.307 Section 93...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.307 Minimum flight altitudes. Except in an emergency, or if...

14 CFR 93.307 - Minimum flight altitudes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Minimum flight altitudes. 93.307 Section 93...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.307 Minimum flight altitudes. Except in an emergency, or if...

Automation Applications in an Advanced Air Traffic Management System : Volume 3. Methodology for Man-Machine Task Allocation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-08-01

Volume 3 describes the methodology for man-machine task allocation. It contains a description of man and machine performance capabilities and an explanation of the methodology employed to allocate tasks to human or automated resources. It also presen...

Midair collisions - The accidents, the systems, and the Realpolitik

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiener, E. L.

1980-01-01

Two midair collisions occurring in 1978 are described, and the air traffic control system and procedures in use at the time, human factors implications and political consequences of the accidents are examined. The first collision occurred in Memphis and involved a Falcon jet and a Cessna 150 in a situation in which the controllers handling each aircraft were not aware of the presence of the other aircraft until it was too late. The second occurred in San Diego four months later, when a Boeing 727 on a visual approach struck a Cessna 172 from the rear. Following the San Diego collision there arose a great deal of investigative activity, resulting in suggestions for tighter control on visual flight rules aircraft and the expansion of positive control airspace. These issues then led to a political battle involving general aviation, the FAA and the Congress. It is argued, however, that the collisions were in fact system-induced errors resulting from an air traffic control system which emphasizes airspace allocation and politics rather than the various human factors problems facing pilots and controllers.

Developing new scenarios for water allocation negotiations: a case study of the Euphrates River Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jarkeh, Mohammad Reza; Mianabadi, Ameneh; Mianabadi, Hojjat

2016-10-01

Mismanagement and uneven distribution of water may lead to or increase conflict among countries. Allocation of water among trans-boundary river neighbours is a key issue in utilization of shared water resources. The bankruptcy theory is a cooperative Game Theory method which is used when the amount of demand of riparian states is larger than total available water. In this study, we survey the application of seven methods of Classical Bankruptcy Rules (CBRs) including Proportional (CBR-PRO), Adjusted Proportional (CBR-AP), Constrained Equal Awards (CBR-CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (CBR-CEL), Piniles (CBR-Piniles), Minimal Overlap (CBR-MO), Talmud (CBR-Talmud) and four Sequential Sharing Rules (SSRs) including Proportional (SSR-PRO), Constrained Equal Awards (SSR-CEA), Constrained Equal Losses (SSR-CEL) and Talmud (SSR-Talmud) methods in allocation of the Euphrates River among three riparian countries: Turkey, Syria and Iraq. However, there is not a certain documented method to find more equitable allocation rule. Therefore, in this paper, a new method is established for choosing the most appropriate allocating rule which seems to be more equitable than other allocation rules to satisfy the stakeholders. The results reveal that, based on the new propose model, the CBR-AP seems to be more equitable to allocate the Euphrates River water among Turkey, Syria and Iraq.

Development of a conceptual integrated traffic safety problem identification database

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-12-01

The project conceptualized a traffic safety risk management information system and statistical database for improved problem-driver identification, countermeasure development, and resource allocation. The California Department of Motor Vehicles Drive...

Designing Two-Layer Optical Networks with Statistical Multiplexing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Addis, B.; Capone, A.; Carello, G.; Malucelli, F.; Fumagalli, M.; Pedrin Elli, E.

The possibility of adding multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) support to transport networks is considered an important opportunity by telecom carriers that want to add packet services and applications to their networks. However, the question that arises is whether it is suitable to have MPLS nodes just at the edge of the network to collect packet traffic from users, or also to introduce MPLS facilities on a subset of the core nodes in order to exploit packet switching flexibility and multiplexing, thus providing induction of a better bandwidth allocation. In this article, we address this complex decisional problem with the support of a mathematical programming approach. We consider two-layer networks where MPLS is overlaid on top of transport networks-synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) or wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)-depending on the required link speed. The discussions' decisions take into account the trade-off between the cost of adding MPLS support in the core nodes and the savings in the link bandwidth allocation due to the statistical multiplexing and the traffic grooming effects induced by MPLS nodes. The traffic matrix specifies for each point-to-point request a pair of values: a mean traffic value and an additional one. Using this traffic model, the effect of statistical multiplexing on a link allows the allocation of a capacity equal to the sum of all the mean values of the traffic demands routed on the link and only the highest additional one. The proposed approach is suitable to solve real instances in reasonable time.

Two-dimensional priority-based dynamic resource allocation algorithm for QoS in WDM/TDM PON networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yixin; Liu, Bo; Zhang, Lijia; Xin, Xiangjun; Zhang, Qi; Rao, Lan

2018-01-01

Wavelength division multiplexing/time division multiplexing (WDM/TDM) passive optical networks (PON) is being viewed as a promising solution for delivering multiple services and applications. The hybrid WDM / TDM PON uses the wavelength and bandwidth allocation strategy to control the distribution of the wavelength channels in the uplink direction, so that it can ensure the high bandwidth requirements of multiple Optical Network Units (ONUs) while improving the wavelength resource utilization. Through the investigation of the presented dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms, these algorithms can't satisfy the requirements of different levels of service very well while adapting to the structural characteristics of mixed WDM / TDM PON system. This paper introduces a novel wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm to efficiently utilize the bandwidth and support QoS (Quality of Service) guarantees in WDM/TDM PON. Two priority based polling subcycles are introduced in order to increase system efficiency and improve system performance. The fixed priority polling subcycle and dynamic priority polling subcycle follow different principles to implement wavelength and bandwidth allocation according to the priority of different levels of service. A simulation was conducted to study the performance of the priority based polling in dynamic resource allocation algorithm in WDM/TDM PON. The results show that the performance of delay-sensitive services is greatly improved without degrading QoS guarantees for other services. Compared with the traditional dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms, this algorithm can meet bandwidth needs of different priority traffic class, achieve low loss rate performance, and ensure real-time of high priority traffic class in terms of overall traffic on the network.

Health Resources Priority and Allocations System (HRPAS). Interim final rule.

PubMed

2015-07-17

This interim final rule establishes standards and procedures by which the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) may require that certain contracts or orders that promote the national defense be given priority over other contracts or orders. This rule also sets new standards and procedures by which HHS may allocate materials, services, and facilities to promote the national defense. This rule will implement HHS's administration of priorities and allocations actions, and establish the Health Resources Priorities and Allocation System (HRPAS). The HRPAS will cover health resources pursuant to the authority under Section 101(c) of the Defense Production Act as delegated to HHS by Executive Order 13603. Priorities authorities (and other authorities delegated to the Secretary in E.O. 13603, but not covered by this regulation) may be re-delegated by the Secretary. The Secretary retains the authority for allocations.

76 FR 73829 - Connect America Fund; A National Broadband Plan for Our Future; Establishing Just and Reasonable...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... dollars annually: Access Stimulation. We adopt rules to address the practice of access stimulation, in... in access stimulation. Phantom Traffic. We adopt rules to address ``phantom traffic,'' i.e., calls...

Reasons underlying behaviour of motorcyclists disregarding traffic regulations in urban areas of Indonesia.

PubMed

Susilo, Yusak O; Joewono, Tri Basuki; Vandebona, Upali

2015-02-01

Over the last decade, motorcycle use has been rapidly increasing in Indonesia as have violations of traffic rules committed by motorcyclists. This study aims to explore the impacts of motorcyclists' attitudes, habits, preferences, and travel patterns on their behaviour in disregarding traffic regulations in three cities in Indonesia. The theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling are employed to explore these relationships. Consistent with results from previous studies in developed countries, an individual's beliefs and attitudes, social norms and perceived behaviour control significantly influence behaviour in disregarding traffic rules. Young adults and students are found to be more likely to frequently violate traffic regulations. However, unlike previous findings from developed countries, in Indonesia, males are less likely to disregard traffic rules than females. Overall, pushing the motorcycle through a (very) narrow gap, speeding, driving recklessly, and overtaking on the wrong side are the most frequent traffic violations that make up repetitive violation behaviour among urban motorcyclists in Indonesia. The results highlight the need to revisit Indonesian National Traffic Law traffic violation classification and penalties and separate violations that are likely to cause fatal results, thus requiring tougher law enforcement, from violations that are unlikely to have fatal consequences. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional Allocation for Ground-Based Automated Separation Assurance in NextGen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prevot, Thomas; Mercer, Joey; Martin, Lynne; Homola, Jeffrey; Cabrall, Christopher; Brasil, Connie

2010-01-01

As part of an ongoing research effort into functional allocation in a NextGen environment, a controller-in-the-loop study on ground-based automated separation assurance was conducted at NASA Ames' Airspace Operations Laboratory in February 2010. Participants included six FAA front line managers, who are currently certified professional controllers and four recently retired controllers. Traffic scenarios were 15 and 30 minutes long where controllers interacted with advanced technologies for ground-based separation assurance, weather avoidance, and arrival metering. The automation managed the separation by resolving conflicts automatically and involved controllers only by exception, e.g., when the automated resolution would have been outside preset limits. Results from data analyses show that workload was low despite high levels of traffic, Operational Errors did occur but were closely tied to local complexity, and safety acceptability ratings varied with traffic levels. Positive feedback was elicited for the overall concept with discussion on the proper allocation of functions and trust in automation.

Fast packet switching algorithms for dynamic resource control over ATM networks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tsang, R.P.; Keattihananant, P.; Chang, T.

1996-12-01

Real-time continuous media traffic, such as digital video and audio, is expected to comprise a large percentage of the network load on future high speed packet switch networks such as ATM. A major feature which distinguishes high speed networks from traditional slower speed networks is the large amount of data the network must process very quickly. For efficient network usage, traffic control mechanisms are essential. Currently, most mechanisms for traffic control (such as flow control) have centered on the support of Available Bit Rate (ABR), i.e., non real-time, traffic. With regard to ATM, for ABR traffic, two major types ofmore » schemes which have been proposed are rate- control and credit-control schemes. Neither of these schemes are directly applicable to Real-time Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic such as continuous media traffic. Traffic control for continuous media traffic is an inherently difficult problem due to the time- sensitive nature of the traffic and its unpredictable burstiness. In this study, we present a scheme which controls traffic by dynamically allocating/de- allocating resources among competing VCs based upon their real-time requirements. This scheme incorporates a form of rate- control, real-time burst-level scheduling and link-link flow control. We show analytically potential performance improvements of our rate- control scheme and present a scheme for buffer dimensioning. We also present simulation results of our schemes and discuss the tradeoffs inherent in maintaining high network utilization and statistically guaranteeing many users` Quality of Service.« less

Temporal variation of traffic on highways and the development of accurate temporal allocation factors for air pollution analyses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batterman, Stuart; Cook, Richard; Justin, Thomas

2015-04-01

Traffic activity encompasses the number, mix, speed and acceleration of vehicles on roadways. The temporal pattern and variation of traffic activity reflects vehicle use, congestion and safety issues, and it represents a major influence on emissions and concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. Accurate characterization of vehicle flows is critical in analyzing and modeling urban and local-scale pollutants, especially in near-road environments and traffic corridors. This study describes methods to improve the characterization of temporal variation of traffic activity. Annual, monthly, daily and hourly temporal allocation factors (TAFs), which describe the expected temporal variation in traffic activity, were developed using four years of hourly traffic activity data recorded at 14 continuous counting stations across the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. region. Five sites also provided vehicle classification. TAF-based models provide a simple means to apportion annual average estimates of traffic volume to hourly estimates. The analysis shows the need to separate TAFs for total and commercial vehicles, and weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and observed holidays. Using either site-specific or urban-wide TAFs, nearly all of the variation in historical traffic activity at the street scale could be explained; unexplained variation was attributed to adverse weather, traffic accidents and construction. The methods and results presented in this paper can improve air quality dispersion modeling of mobile sources, and can be used to evaluate and model temporal variation in ambient air quality monitoring data and exposure estimates.

Temporal variation of traffic on highways and the development of accurate temporal allocation factors for air pollution analyses

PubMed Central

Batterman, Stuart; Cook, Richard; Justin, Thomas

2015-01-01

Traffic activity encompasses the number, mix, speed and acceleration of vehicles on roadways. The temporal pattern and variation of traffic activity reflects vehicle use, congestion and safety issues, and it represents a major influence on emissions and concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. Accurate characterization of vehicle flows is critical in analyzing and modeling urban and local-scale pollutants, especially in near-road environments and traffic corridors. This study describes methods to improve the characterization of temporal variation of traffic activity. Annual, monthly, daily and hourly temporal allocation factors (TAFs), which describe the expected temporal variation in traffic activity, were developed using four years of hourly traffic activity data recorded at 14 continuous counting stations across the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. region. Five sites also provided vehicle classification. TAF-based models provide a simple means to apportion annual average estimates of traffic volume to hourly estimates. The analysis shows the need to separate TAFs for total and commercial vehicles, and weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and observed holidays. Using either site-specific or urban-wide TAFs, nearly all of the variation in historical traffic activity at the street scale could be explained; unexplained variation was attributed to adverse weather, traffic accidents and construction. The methods and results presented in this paper can improve air quality dispersion modeling of mobile sources, and can be used to evaluate and model temporal variation in ambient air quality monitoring data and exposure estimates. PMID:25844042

Management by Trajectory Trade Study of Roles and Responsibilities Between Participants and Automation Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fernandes, Alicia D.; Kaler, Curt; Leiden, Kenneth; Atkins, Stephen; Bell, Alan; Kilbourne, Todd; Evans, Mark

2017-01-01

This report describes a trade study of roles and responsibilities associated with the Management by Trajectory (MBT) concept. The MBT concept describes roles, responsibilities, and information and automation requirements for providing air traffic controllers and managers the ability to quickly generate, evaluate and implement changes to an aircraft's trajectory. In addition, the MBT concept describes mechanisms for imposing constraints on flight operator preferred trajectories only to the extent necessary to maintain safe and efficient traffic flows, and the concept provides a method for the exchange of trajectory information between ground automation systems and the aircraft that allows for trajectory synchronization and trajectory negotiation. The participant roles considered in this trade study include: airline dispatcher, flight crew, radar controller, traffic manager, and Air Traffic Control System Command Center (ATCSCC) traffic management specialists. The proposed allocation of roles and responsibilities was based on analysis of several use cases that were developed for this purpose as well as for walking through concept elements. The resulting allocation of roles and responsibilities reflects both increased automation capability to support many aviation functions, as well as increased flexibility to assign responsibilities to different participants - in many cases afforded by the increased automation capabilities. Note that the selection of participants to consider for allocation of each function is necessarily rooted in the current environment, in that MBT is envisioned as an evolution of the National Airspace System (NAS), and not a revolution. A key feature of the MBT allocations is a vision for the traffic management specialist to take on a greater role. This is facilitated by the vision that separation management functions, in addition to traffic management functions, will be carried out as trajectory management functions. This creates an opportunity for flexibility, allowing the traffic management specialist to carry out tasks that today can only be carried out by the controller currently in contact with the aircraft. This additional tasking for the traffic management specialist comes with requirements for workload management. An increased role for the Data-side (D-side) controller relative to the Radar-side (R-side) controller is a potential approach to mitigating workload for the traffic management specialist, as the D-side controller would have similar ability to perform separation management functions in what today might be considered the "trajectory management" timeframe. This analysis did not distinguish between the D-side and R-side controllers since in many cases the R-side controller works unassisted.

Road maintenance and rehabilitation : funding and allocation strategies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-01-24

With ageing road infrastructure and sustained traffic growth, the maintenance and rehabilitation of road and motorway networks require increased funding. Adequate allocation and distribution of available resources are therefore a key policy issue. Th...

Police Allocation Manual: Determination of the Number and Allocation of Personnel for Patrol Services for State Police Departments (Special Version, September 1991)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-04-01

The Police Allocation Manual (PAM) is designed to be used by state police : agencies, or divisions within those agencies, whose mission includes the : delivery of police traffic services. The Manual is designed to help such : agencies address two key...

Manual traffic control for planned special events and emergencies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

Manual traffic control is a common intersection control strategy in which trained personnel, : typically police law enforcement officers, allocate intersection right-of-way to approaching vehicles. : Manual intersection control is a key part of manag...

26 CFR 1.141-6 - Allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Thus, allocations generally may be made using any reasonable, consistently applied accounting method... of proceeds to property. [Reserved] (c) Special rules for mixed use facilities. [Reserved] (d...

77 FR 59793 - Prioritization and Allocation Authority Exercised by the Secretary of Transportation Under the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-01

...This final rule clarifies the priorities and allocation authorities exercised by the Secretary of Transportation (Secretary) under title I of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (Defense Production Act), and establishes the administrative procedures by which the Secretary will exercise this authority. In addition, in this final rule the Department is seeking comments on certain revised definitions found in section 33.20. This rule complies with the requirement in the Defense Production Act Reauthorization of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-67) to issue final rules establishing standards and procedures by which the priorities and allocations authority is used to promote the national defense, under both emergency and nonemergency conditions, and is part of a multi-agency effort that forms the Federal Priorities and Allocations System.

14 CFR Appendix - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60...

14 CFR 93.71 - General operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Flight Restrictions in the Vicinity... International Control Dam) to the United States/Canadian Border and thence along the border to the point of... to approval of Transport Canada, aircraft carrying law enforcement officials, or aircraft carrying...

14 CFR 93.29 - International Arrival Authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Congestion and Delay Reduction... marketing arrangement unless the flight was predominately marketed, by contract, under the control of another Carrier. If the flight was under the marketing control of another Carrier or the entire inventory...

A simulator investigation of the use of digital data link for pilot/ATC communications in a single pilot operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hinton, David A.; Lohr, Gary W.

1988-01-01

Studies have shown that radio communications between pilots and air traffic control contribute to high pilot workload and are subject to various errors. These errors result from congestion on the voice radio channel, and missed and misunderstood messages. The use of digital data link has been proposed as a means of reducing this workload and error rate. A critical factor, however, in determining the potential benefit of data link will be the interface between future data link systems and the operator of those systems, both in the air and on the ground. The purpose of this effort was to evaluate the pilot interface with various levels of data link capability, in simulated general aviation, single-pilot instrument flight rule operations. Results show that the data link reduced demands on pilots' short-term memory, reduced the number of communication transmissions, and permitted the pilots to more easily allocate time to critical cockpit tasks while receiving air traffic control messages. The pilots who participated unanimously indicated a preference for data link communications over voice-only communications. There were, however, situations in which the pilot preferred the use of voice communications, and the ability for pilots to delay processing the data link messages, during high workload events, caused delays in the acknowledgement of messages to air traffic control.

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between the two... income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55,000 of gain allocated... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Special Rules for Determining Capital Gains and Losses § 1...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B, “Allocation, Assignments and Use of Radio Frequencies”; C, “Emissions”; D, “Call Signs and Other Forms of...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B, “Allocation, Assignments and Use of Radio Frequencies”; C, “Emissions”; D, “Call Signs and Other Forms of...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B, “Allocation, Assignments and Use of Radio Frequencies”; C, “Emissions”; D, “Call Signs and Other Forms of...

Limited static and dynamic delivering capacity allocations in scale-free networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haddou, N. Ben; Ez-Zahraouy, H.; Rachadi, A.

In traffic networks, it is quite important to assign proper packet delivering capacities to the routers with minimum cost. In this respect, many allocation models based on static and dynamic properties have been proposed. In this paper, we are interested in the impact of limiting the packet delivering capacities already allocated to the routers; each node is assigned a packet delivering capacity limited by the maximal capacity Cmax of the routers. To study the limitation effect, we use two basic delivering capacity allocation models; static delivering capacity allocation (SDCA) and dynamic delivering capacity allocation (DDCA). In the SDCA, the capacity allocated is proportional to the node degree, and for DDCA, it is proportional to its queue length. We have studied and compared the limitation of both allocation models under the shortest path (SP) routing strategy as well as the efficient path (EP) routing protocol. In the SP case, we noted a similarity in the results; the network capacity increases with increasing Cmax. For the EP scheme, the network capacity stops increasing for relatively small packet delivering capability limit Cmax for both allocation strategies. However, it reaches high values under the limited DDCA before the saturation. We also find that in the DDCA case, the network capacity remains constant when the traffic information available to each router was updated after long period times τ.

14 CFR 93.352 - Hudson River Exclusion specific operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hudson River Exclusion specific operating procedures. 93.352 Section 93.352 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES New York Class B...

14 CFR 93.353 - East River Exclusion specific operating procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false East River Exclusion specific operating procedures. 93.353 Section 93.353 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES New York Class B...

14 CFR 129.19 - Air traffic rules and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Air traffic rules and procedures. 129.19 Section 129.19 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... establish procedures to assure that each of its pilots has the knowledge required by paragraph (a) of this...

14 CFR 129.19 - Air traffic rules and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Air traffic rules and procedures. 129.19 Section 129.19 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... establish procedures to assure that each of its pilots has the knowledge required by paragraph (a) of this...

75 FR 76758 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-63430; File No. 4-618] Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and Declaring Effective a Plan for the Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Between BATS Exchange, Inc., BATS Y-Exchange, Inc., Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc., Chicago...

49 CFR Appendix I to Subpart A of... - Revenue Need and Allocation to Traffic at Issue

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... composite carrier basis comprised of all traffic and cost study carriers. Data in part II, line 14 columns... Issue Traffic Based on Ton and Ton-Mile Method (See Note A) Line No. Item Source for columns 3 and 4..., by using Statement No. 6-68, Highway Form B, Schedule A, Line III. Assign the dollars in columns (6...

49 CFR Appendix I to Subpart A of... - Revenue Need and Allocation to Traffic at Issue

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... composite carrier basis comprised of all traffic and cost study carriers. Data in part II, line 14 columns... Issue Traffic Based on Ton and Ton-Mile Method (See Note A) Line No. Item Source for columns 3 and 4..., by using Statement No. 6-68, Highway Form B, Schedule A, Line III. Assign the dollars in columns (6...

49 CFR Appendix I to Subpart A of... - Revenue Need and Allocation to Traffic at Issue

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... composite carrier basis comprised of all traffic and cost study carriers. Data in part II, line 14 columns... Issue Traffic Based on Ton and Ton-Mile Method (See Note A) Line No. Item Source for columns 3 and 4..., by using Statement No. 6-68, Highway Form B, Schedule A, Line III. Assign the dollars in columns (6...

49 CFR Appendix I to Subpart A of... - Revenue Need and Allocation to Traffic at Issue

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... composite carrier basis comprised of all traffic and cost study carriers. Data in part II, line 14 columns... Issue Traffic Based on Ton and Ton-Mile Method (See Note A) Line No. Item Source for columns 3 and 4..., by using Statement No. 6-68, Highway Form B, Schedule A, Line III. Assign the dollars in columns (6...

49 CFR Appendix I to Subpart A of... - Revenue Need and Allocation to Traffic at Issue

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... composite carrier basis comprised of all traffic and cost study carriers. Data in part II, line 14 columns... Issue Traffic Based on Ton and Ton-Mile Method (See Note A) Line No. Item Source for columns 3 and 4..., by using Statement No. 6-68, Highway Form B, Schedule A, Line III. Assign the dollars in columns (6...

An agent-based model for queue formation of powered two-wheelers in heterogeneous traffic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Tzu-Chang; Wong, K. I.

2016-11-01

This paper presents an agent-based model (ABM) for simulating the queue formation of powered two-wheelers (PTWs) in heterogeneous traffic at a signalized intersection. The main novelty is that the proposed interaction rule describing the position choice behavior of PTWs when queuing in heterogeneous traffic can capture the stochastic nature of the decision making process. The interaction rule is formulated as a multinomial logit model, which is calibrated by using a microscopic traffic trajectory dataset obtained from video footage. The ABM is validated against the survey data for the vehicular trajectory patterns, queuing patterns, queue lengths, and discharge rates. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of replicating the observed queue formation process for heterogeneous traffic.

A traffic priority language for collision-free navigation of autonomous mobile robots in dynamic environments.

PubMed

Bourbakis, N G

1997-01-01

This paper presents a generic traffic priority language, called KYKLOFORTA, used by autonomous robots for collision-free navigation in a dynamic unknown or known navigation space. In a previous work by X. Grossmman (1988), a set of traffic control rules was developed for the navigation of the robots on the lines of a two-dimensional (2-D) grid and a control center coordinated and synchronized their movements. In this work, the robots are considered autonomous: they are moving anywhere and in any direction inside the free space, and there is no need of a central control to coordinate and synchronize them. The requirements for each robot are i) visual perception, ii) range sensors, and iii) the ability of each robot to detect other moving objects in the same free navigation space, define the other objects perceived size, their velocity and their directions. Based on these assumptions, a traffic priority language is needed for each robot, making it able to decide during the navigation and avoid possible collision with other moving objects. The traffic priority language proposed here is based on a set of primitive traffic priority alphabet and rules which compose pattern of corridors for the application of the traffic priority rules.

Assessment of Impact of Consent Decree Annual Tonnage Limits on Transport Rule Allocations

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides information that supports EPA’s analysis of the impact of emission constraints specified in existing federally-enforceable judicial consent decrees on allowance allocations under the Transport Rule.

75 FR 60436 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-30

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it is releasing an interim...

76 FR 17841 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-31

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it is releasing the new...

75 FR 24667 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-05

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it released an interim change...

75 FR 10476 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-08

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it released an interim change...

75 FR 36643 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it will release an...

76 FR 776 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) NO. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-06

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) NO. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it is releasing an interim...

75 FR 15420 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) NO. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-29

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) NO. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it will release an interim...

76 FR 59119 - Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-23

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Interim Change to the Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) No. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it has released an interim...

14 CFR Appendix - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Editorial Note: For the text of SFAR No. 60,...

14 CFR Appendix - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Editorial Note: For the text of SFAR No. 60,...

14 CFR Appendix - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Pt. 93, SFAR No. 60, Note Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Editorial Note: Fo...

14 CFR 93.177 - Operations in the Special Air Traffic Rule Area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Area. 93.177 Section 93.177 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... in the Vicinity of Luke AFB, AZ § 93.177 Operations in the Special Air Traffic Rule Area. (a) Unless... Luke Terminal Area designated in § 93.176 unless— (1) Before operating within the Luke Terminal area...

78 FR 23626 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-19

... Dependent Surveillance--Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Performance Requirements To Support Air Traffic Control (ATC.... The final rule titled ``Automatic Dependent Surveillance-- Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipage Mandate To... System. The rule facilitates the use of ADS-B for aircraft surveillance by FAA air traffic controllers to...

Blocking performance approximation in flexi-grid networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Fei; Tan, Liansheng

2016-12-01

The blocking probability to the path requests is an important issue in flexible bandwidth optical communications. In this paper, we propose a blocking probability approximation method of path requests in flexi-grid networks. It models the bundled neighboring carrier allocation with a group of birth-death processes and provides a theoretical analysis to the blocking probability under variable bandwidth traffic. The numerical results show the effect of traffic parameters to the blocking probability of path requests. We use the first fit algorithm in network nodes to allocate neighboring carriers to path requests in simulations, and verify approximation results.

Traffic rule violations of private bus drivers and bus crashes in Sri Lanka: a case-control study.

PubMed

Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Poudel, Krishna C; Nakahara, Shinji; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Jayatilleke, Achini Chinthika; Jimba, Masamine

2010-06-01

To explore the association between self-reported traffic rule violations of private sector bus drivers and bus crashes in the Kandy district, Sri Lanka. We carried out a case-control study from August to September 2006. Cases were all the private bus drivers registered in the Kandy district and involved in crashes reported to the police between November 2005 and April 2006 (n = 63). We included two control groups: the private bus drivers working on the same routes of the cases (n = 90; matched controls) and the drivers selected randomly from the other routes of the district (n = 111; unmatched controls). We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on the self-reported traffic rule violations and analyzed the association between the self-reported traffic rule violations and crashes using logistic regression. The following variables showed significant associations with private bus crashes: illegal overtaking (matched controls, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.78, unmatched controls, AOR = 1.04), taking passengers outside the bus bays (matched controls, AOR = 3.96, unmatched controls, AOR = 2.29), and overloading (matched controls, AOR = 10.26, unmatched controls, AOR = 1.93). However, we did not observe an association between high-speed driving and bus crashes matched controls, AOR = 1.22, unmatched controls, AOR = 0.81. Traffic rule violations, such as illegal overtaking, overloading, and taking passengers outside the bus bays, are significant risk factors for private bus crashes in Sri Lanka.

Evaluation for the Allocation of University Research Project Funding: Can Rules Improve the Peer Review?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reale, Emanuela; Zinilli, Antonio

2017-01-01

Evaluation for the allocation of project-funding schemes devoted to sustain academic research often undergoes changes of the rules for the ex-ante selection, which are supposed to improve the capability of peer review to select the best proposals. How modifications of the rules realize a more accountable evaluation result? Do the changes suggest…

36 CFR 504.13 - Vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... times and shall comply with the signals and directions of the guards and all posted traffic signs. (b... traffic. 504.13 Section 504.13 Parks, Forests, and Public Property SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION RULES AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS § 504.13 Vehicular and pedestrian traffic...

Using regional freight traffic assignment modeling to quantify the variability of pavement damage for highway cost allocation and revenue analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-12-01

While indicative of a vibrant economy, large volumes of freight traffic have been associated with : accelerated wear of pavements particularly. In seeking to adopt operational policies that reduce : undue deterioration of their infrastructure, state ...

Location-allocation models and new solution methodologies in telecommunication networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dinu, S.; Ciucur, V.

2016-08-01

When designing a telecommunications network topology, three types of interdependent decisions are combined: location, allocation and routing, which are expressed by the following design considerations: how many interconnection devices - consolidation points/concentrators should be used and where should they be located; how to allocate terminal nodes to concentrators; how should the voice, video or data traffic be routed and what transmission links (capacitated or not) should be built into the network. Including these three components of the decision into a single model generates a problem whose complexity makes it difficult to solve. A first method to address the overall problem is the sequential one, whereby the first step deals with the location-allocation problem and based on this solution the subsequent sub-problem (routing the network traffic) shall be solved. The issue of location and allocation in a telecommunications network, called "The capacitated concentrator location- allocation - CCLA problem" is based on one of the general location models on a network in which clients/demand nodes are the terminals and facilities are the concentrators. Like in a location model, each client node has a demand traffic, which must be served, and the facilities can serve these demands within their capacity limit. In this study, the CCLA problem is modeled as a single-source capacitated location-allocation model whose optimization objective is to determine the minimum network cost consisting of fixed costs for establishing the locations of concentrators, costs for operating concentrators and costs for allocating terminals to concentrators. The problem is known as a difficult combinatorial optimization problem for which powerful algorithms are required. Our approach proposes a Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm combined with a local search procedure to calculate the optimal values of the location and allocation variables. To confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with respect to the quality of solutions, significant size test problems were considered: up to 100 terminal nodes and 50 concentrators on a 100 × 100 square grid. The performance of this hybrid intelligent algorithm was evaluated by measuring the quality of its solutions with respect to the following statistics: the standard deviation and the ratio of the best solution obtained.

14 CFR 137.45 - Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern... AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 137.45 Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern. Notwithstanding part 91 of this chapter, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from an airport traffic...

14 CFR 137.45 - Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern... AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 137.45 Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern. Notwithstanding part 91 of this chapter, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from an airport traffic...

14 CFR 137.45 - Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern... AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 137.45 Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern. Notwithstanding part 91 of this chapter, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from an airport traffic...

14 CFR 137.45 - Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern... AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 137.45 Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern. Notwithstanding part 91 of this chapter, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from an airport traffic...

14 CFR 137.45 - Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern... AGRICULTURAL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 137.45 Nonobservance of airport traffic pattern. Notwithstanding part 91 of this chapter, the pilot in command of an aircraft may deviate from an airport traffic...

76 FR 76464 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-07

... Global Allocation ETF; SPDR SSgA Global Allocation ETF; and SPDR SSgA Aggressive Global Allocation ETF... Global Allocation ETF; SPDR SSgA Global Allocation ETF; and SPDR SSgA Aggressive Global Allocation ETF... Allocation ETF; SPDR SSgA Global Allocation ETF; and SPDR SSgA Aggressive Global Allocation ETF (each, a...

77 FR 50090 - Update to the 26 September 2011 Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) NO. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-20

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Update to the 26 September 2011 Military Freight Traffic Unified Rules Publication (MFTURP) NO. 1 AGENCY: Department of the Army, DoD. SUMMARY: The Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) is providing notice that it is releasing an...

14 CFR 93.28 - One-for-one trade of Arrival Authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false One-for-one trade of Arrival Authorizations. 93.28 Section 93.28 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Congestion and Delay Reduction at Chicago O'Hare International...

Availability of Data on Allocations of Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Allowances From New Unit Set-Asides for the 2015 Compliance Year

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides notice of the availability of preliminary calculations of emission allowance allocations to certain units under the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR).

A QoS Aware Resource Allocation Strategy for 3D A/V Streaming in OFDMA Based Wireless Systems

PubMed Central

Chung, Young-uk; Choi, Yong-Hoon; Park, Suwon; Lee, Hyukjoon

2014-01-01

Three-dimensional (3D) video is expected to be a “killer app” for OFDMA-based broadband wireless systems. The main limitation of 3D video streaming over a wireless system is the shortage of radio resources due to the large size of the 3D traffic. This paper presents a novel resource allocation strategy to address this problem. In the paper, the video-plus-depth 3D traffic type is considered. The proposed resource allocation strategy focuses on the relationship between 2D video and the depth map, handling them with different priorities. It is formulated as an optimization problem and is solved using a suboptimal heuristic algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme provides a better quality of service compared to conventional schemes. PMID:25250377

Optimizing congestion and emissions via tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Wenlong; Ma, Shoufeng; Tian, Junfang

2017-01-01

This paper investigates the revenue-neutral tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations that can reassign network traffic flow patterns to optimize congestion and emissions. First, we prove the existence of the proposed schemes and further decentralize the minimum emission flow pattern to user equilibrium. Moreover, we design the solving method of the proposed credit scheme for minimum emission problem. Second, we investigate the revenue-neutral tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations for bi-objectives to obtain the Pareto system optimum flow patterns of congestion and emissions; and present the corresponding solutions are located in the polyhedron constituted by some inequalities and equalities system. Last, numerical example based on a simple traffic network is adopted to obtain the proposed credit schemes and verify they are revenue-neutral.

23 CFR 660.107 - Allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Allocations. 660.107 Section 660.107 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS... requirements of the FHWA and the FS; the necessary costs of FH planning studies; and the FH share of costs for...

23 CFR 660.107 - Allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Allocations. 660.107 Section 660.107 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS... requirements of the FHWA and the FS; the necessary costs of FH planning studies; and the FH share of costs for...

23 CFR 660.107 - Allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS (DIRECT FEDERAL) Forest Highways § 660.107 Allocations. On October 1 of each fiscal year, the FHWA will... requirements of the FHWA and the FS; the necessary costs of FH planning studies; and the FH share of costs for...

23 CFR 660.107 - Allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Allocations. 660.107 Section 660.107 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS SPECIAL PROGRAMS... requirements of the FHWA and the FS; the necessary costs of FH planning studies; and the FH share of costs for...

Multiplexing technique for computer communications via satellite channels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Binder, R.

1975-01-01

Multiplexing scheme combines technique of dynamic allocation with conventional time-division multiplexing. Scheme is designed to expedite short-duration interactive or priority traffic and to delay large data transfers; as result, each node has effective capacity of almost total channel capacity when other nodes have light traffic loads.

Development and Evaluation of Lane-By-Lane Gap-Out Based Actuated Traffic Signal Control

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

Actuated traffic signal controls at isolated intersections largely benefit from gap-out and phase skip features as they allow : unused green times to be re-allocated to those movements need them. A few studies indicated that lane-by-lane gap-out : sh...

Increasing organ donation via changes in the default choice or allocation rule

PubMed Central

Li, Danyang; Hawley, Zackary; Schnier, Kurt

2013-01-01

This research utilizes a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative public policies targeted at increasing the rate of deceased donor organ donation. The experiment includes treatments across different default choices and organ allocation rules inspired by the donor registration systems applied in different countries. Our results indicate that the opt-out with priority rule system generates the largest increase in organ donation relative to an opt-in only program. However, sizeable gains are achievable using either a priority rule or opt-out program separately, with the opt-out rule generating approximately 80% of the benefits achieved under a priority rule program. PMID:24135615

76 FR 29083 - Agriculture Priorities and Allocations System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-19

... Vol. 76 Thursday, No. 97 May 19, 2011 Part III Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency 7 CFR Part 789 Agriculture Priorities and Allocations System; Proposed Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 76 , No. 97 / Thursday, May 19, 2011 / Proposed Rules#0;#0; [[Page 29084

Cost allocation methodology applicable to the temporary assistance for needy families program. Final rule.

PubMed

2008-07-23

This final rule applies to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and requires States, the District of Columbia and the Territories (hereinafter referred to as the "States") to use the "benefiting program" cost allocation methodology in U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-87 (2 CFR part 225). It is the judgment and determination of HHS/ACF that the "benefiting program" cost allocation methodology is the appropriate methodology for the proper use of Federal TANF funds. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 gave federally-recognized Tribes the opportunity to operate their own Tribal TANF programs. Federally-recognized Indian tribes operating approved Tribal TANF programs have always followed the "benefiting program" cost allocation methodology in accordance with OMB Circular A-87 (2 CFR part 225) and the applicable regulatory provisions at 45 CFR 286.45(c) and (d). This final rule contains no substantive changes to the proposed rule published on September 27, 2006.

A stream-scale model to optimize the water allocation for Small Hydropower Plants and the application to traditional systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Razurel, Pierre; Niayifar, Amin; Perona, Paolo

2017-04-01

Hydropower plays an important role in supplying worldwide energy demand where it contributes to approximately 16% of global electricity production. Although hydropower, as an emission-free renewable energy, is a reliable source of energy to mitigate climate change, its development will increase river exploitation. The environmental impacts associated with both small hydropower plants (SHP) and traditional dammed systems have been found to the consequence of changing natural flow regime with other release policies, e.g. the minimal flow. Nowadays, in some countries, proportional allocation rules are also applied aiming to mimic the natural flow variability. For example, these dynamic rules are part of the environmental guidance in the United Kingdom and constitute an improvement in comparison to static rules. In a context in which the full hydropower potential might be reached in a close future, a solution to optimize the water allocation seems essential. In this work, we present a model that enables to simulate a wide range of water allocation rules (static and dynamic) for a specific hydropower plant and to evaluate their associated economic and ecological benefits. It is developed in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI) where, depending on the specific type of hydropower plant (i.e., SHP or traditional dammed system), the user is able to specify the different characteristics (e.g., hydrological data and turbine characteristics) of the studied system. As an alternative to commonly used policies, a new class of dynamic allocation functions (non-proportional repartition rules) is introduced (e.g., Razurel et al., 2016). The efficiency plot resulting from the simulations shows the environmental indicator and the energy produced for each allocation policies. The optimal water distribution rules can be identified on the Pareto's frontier, which is obtained by stochastic optimization in the case of storage systems (e.g., Niayifar and Perona, submitted) and by direct simulation for small hydropower ones (Razurel et al., 2016). Compared to proportional and constant minimal flows, economic and ecological efficiencies are found to be substantially improved in the case of using non-proportional water allocation rules for both SHP and traditional systems.

75 FR 32122 - Revisions to Defense Priorities and Allocations System Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-07

...This proposed rule would reorganize and clarify existing standards and procedures by which the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) may require that certain contracts or orders that promote the national defense be given priority over other contracts or orders. This rule also sets new standards and procedures by which BIS may allocate materials, services and facilities to promote the national defense. BIS is publishing this rule to comply with a requirement of the Defense Production Act Reauthorization of 2009 to publish regulations providing standards and procedures for prioritization of contracts and orders and for allocation of materials, services and facilities to promote the national defense.

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3T - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...(g)-3T Section 1.904(g)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....904(g)-3T Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source... domestic losses. The rules must be applied in the order set forth in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this...

26 CFR 1.904(g)-3T - Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source losses...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...(g)-3T Section 1.904(g)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY....904(g)-3T Ordering rules for the allocation of net operating losses, net capital losses, U.S. source... domestic losses. The rules must be applied in the order set forth in paragraphs (b) through (g) of this...

47 CFR 51.701 - Scope of transport and termination pricing rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic at the terminating carrier's end office switch, or equivalent... Non-Access Reciprocal Compensation for transport and termination of Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic between LECs and other telecommunications carriers. (b) Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic. For...

47 CFR 51.701 - Scope of transport and termination pricing rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic at the terminating carrier's end office switch, or equivalent... Non-Access Reciprocal Compensation for transport and termination of Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic between LECs and other telecommunications carriers. (b) Non-Access Telecommunications Traffic. For...

14 CFR 91.189 - Category II and III operations: General operating rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... pilot who is controlling the aircraft has appropriate instrumentation for the type of flight control... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules Instrument Flight Rules § 91.189 Category II and III operations: General operating rules. (a) No...

14 CFR 91.189 - Category II and III operations: General operating rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... pilot who is controlling the aircraft has appropriate instrumentation for the type of flight control... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules Instrument Flight Rules § 91.189 Category II and III operations: General operating rules. (a) No...

14 CFR 91.189 - Category II and III operations: General operating rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... pilot who is controlling the aircraft has appropriate instrumentation for the type of flight control... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules Instrument Flight Rules § 91.189 Category II and III operations: General operating rules. (a) No...

15 CFR 700.4 - Priorities and allocations in a national emergency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., including domestic emergency preparedness requirements, of approved programs. (b) The special rules... national emergency. 700.4 Section 700.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... allocations in a national emergency. (a) In the event of a national emergency, special rules may be...

26 CFR 1.514(e)-1 - Allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Allocation rules. 1.514(e)-1 Section 1.514(e)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations § 1.514(e)-1...

78 FR 56603 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single... Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's regulations on Benefits Payable in Terminated...

76 FR 34847 - Allocation of Assets in Single-Employer Plans; Benefits Payable in Terminated Single-Employer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-15

... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION 29 CFR Parts 4022 and 4044 Allocation of Assets in Single... Paying Benefits AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This final rule amends the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's regulations on Benefits Payable in Terminated...

26 CFR 1.148-0 - Scope and table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... method. (b) Allocation of gross proceeds to an issue. (1) One-issue rule and general ordering rules. (2... for which the bonds were issued. To accomplish these purposes, section 148 restricts the direct and... substance. (4) Reasonable charge. (5) Guarantee of purpose investments. (6) Allocation of qualified...

26 CFR 1.514(e)-1 - Allocation rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Allocation rules. 1.514(e)-1 Section 1.514(e)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations § 1.514(e)-1...

Toward an Application Guide for Safety Integrity Level Allocation in Railway Systems.

PubMed

Ouedraogo, Kiswendsida Abel; Beugin, Julie; El-Koursi, El-Miloudi; Clarhaut, Joffrey; Renaux, Dominique; Lisiecki, Frederic

2018-02-02

The work in the article presents the development of an application guide based on feedback and comments stemming from various railway actors on their practices of SIL allocation to railway safety-related functions. The initial generic methodology for SIL allocation has been updated to be applied to railway rolling stock safety-related functions in order to solve the SIL concept application issues. Various actors dealing with railway SIL allocation problems are the intended target of the methodology; its principles will be summarized in this article with a focus on modifications and precisions made in order to establish a practical guide for railway safety authorities. The methodology is based on the flowchart formalism used in CSM (common safety method) European regulation. It starts with the use of quantitative safety requirements, particularly tolerable hazard rates (THR). THR apportioning rules are applied. On the one hand, the rules are related to classical logical combinations of safety-related functions preventing hazard occurrence. On the other hand, to take into account technical conditions (last safety weak link, functional dependencies, technological complexity, etc.), specific rules implicitly used in existing practices are defined for readjusting some THR values. SIL allocation process based on apportioned and validated THR values is finally illustrated through the example of "emergency brake" subsystems. Some specific SIL allocation rules are also defined and illustrated. © 2018 Society for Risk Analysis.

47 CFR 64.901 - Allocation of costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... cost categories) for which a direct assignment or allocation is available. (iii) When neither direct... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Allocation of costs. 64.901 Section 64.901... RULES RELATING TO COMMON CARRIERS Allocation of Costs § 64.901 Allocation of costs. (a) Carriers...

A Pre-Emptive Horizontal Channel Borrowing and Vertical Traffic Overflowing Channel Allocation Scheme for Overlay Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Fang-Ming; Jiang, Ling-Ge; He, Chen

In this paper, a channel allocation scheme is studied for overlay wireless networks to optimize connection-level QoS. The contributions of our work are threefold. First, a channel allocation strategy using both horizontal channel borrowing and vertical traffic overflowing (HCBVTO) is presented and analyzed. When all the channels in a given macrocell are used, high-mobility real-time handoff requests can borrow channels from adjacent homogeneous cells. In case that the borrowing requests fail, handoff requests may also be overflowed to heterogeneous cells, if possible. Second, high-mobility real-time service is prioritized by allowing it to preempt channels currently used by other services. And third, to meet the high QoS requirements of some services and increase the utilization of radio resources, certain services can be transformed between real-time services and non-real-time services as necessary. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes can improve system performance.

76 FR 23193 - Traffic Separation Schemes: In the Approaches to Portland, ME; Boston, MA; Narragansett Bay, RI...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-26

...-AB55 Traffic Separation Schemes: In the Approaches to Portland, ME; Boston, MA; Narragansett Bay, RI..., interim rule codifying traffic separation schemes in the approaches to Portland, ME; in the approaches to... Cape Fear River, NC, and updating the then-current regulations for the traffic separation scheme in the...

Quantitative health impact assessment of transport policies: two simulations related to speed limit reduction and traffic re-allocation in the Netherlands.

PubMed

Schram-Bijkerk, D; van Kempen, E; Knol, A B; Kruize, H; Staatsen, B; van Kamp, I

2009-10-01

Few quantitative health impact assessments (HIAs) of transport policies have been published so far and there is a lack of a common methodology for such assessments. To evaluate the usability of existing HIA methodology to quantify health effects of transport policies at the local level. Health impact of two simulated but realistic transport interventions - speed limit reduction and traffic re-allocation - was quantified by selecting traffic-related exposures and health endpoints, modelling of population exposure, selecting exposure-effect relations and estimating the number of local traffic-related cases and disease burden, expressed in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), before and after the intervention. Exposure information was difficult to retrieve because of the local scale of the interventions, and exposure-effect relations for subgroups and combined effects were missing. Given uncertainty in the outcomes originating from this kind of missing information, simulated changes in population health by two local traffic interventions were estimated to be small (<5%), except for the estimated reduction in DALYs by less traffic accidents (60%) due to speed limit reduction. Quantitative HIA of transport policies at a local scale is possible, provided that data on exposures, the exposed population and their baseline health status are available. The interpretation of the HIA information should be carried out in the context of the quality of input data and assumptions and uncertainties of the analysis.

14 CFR 91.515 - Flight altitude rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight altitude rules. 91.515 Section 91...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.515 Flight altitude rules. (a...

Pilot mental workload: how well do pilots really perform?

PubMed

Morris, Charles H; Leung, Ying K

2006-12-15

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing mental demands on various aspects of aircrew performance. In particular, the robustness of the prioritization and allocation hierarchy of aviate-navigate-communicate was examined, a hierarchy commonly used within the aviation industry. A total of 42 trainee pilots were divided into three workload groups (low, medium, high) to complete a desktop, computer-based exercise that simulated combinations of generic flight deck activities: flight control manipulation, rule-based actions and higher level cognitive processing, in addition to Air Traffic Control instructions that varied in length from one chunk of auditory information to seven chunks. It was found that as mental workload and auditory input increased, participants experienced considerable difficulty in carrying out the primary manipulation task. A similar decline in prioritization was also observed. Moreover, when pilots were under a high mental workload their ability to comprehend more than two chunks of auditory data deteriorated rapidly.

Time allocation shifts and pollutant exposure due to traffic congestion: an analysis using the national human activity pattern survey.

PubMed

Zhang, Kai; Batterman, Stuart A

2009-10-15

Traffic congestion increases air pollutant exposures of commuters and urban populations due to the increased time spent in traffic and the increased vehicular emissions that occur in congestion, especially "stop-and-go" traffic. Increased time in traffic also decreases time in other microenvironments, a trade-off that has not been considered in previous time activity pattern (TAP) analyses conducted for exposure assessment purposes. This research investigates changes in time allocations and exposures that result from traffic congestion. Time shifts were derived using data from the National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS), which was aggregated to nine microenvironments (six indoor locations, two outdoor locations and one transport location). After imputing missing values, handling outliers, and conducting other quality checks, these data were stratified by respondent age, employment status and period (weekday/weekend). Trade-offs or time-shift coefficients between time spent in vehicles and the eight other microenvironments were then estimated using robust regression. For children and retirees, congestion primarily reduced the time spent at home; for older children and working adults, congestion shifted the time spent at home as well as time in schools, public buildings, and other indoor environments. Changes in benzene and PM(2.5) exposure were estimated for the current average travel delay in the U.S. (9 min day(-1)) and other scenarios using the estimated time shifts coefficients, concentrations in key microenvironments derived from the literature, and a probabilistic analysis. Changes in exposures depended on the duration of the congestion and the pollutant. For example, a 30 min day(-1) travel delay was determined to account for 21+/-12% of current exposure to benzene and 14+/-8% of PM(2.5) exposure. The time allocation shifts and the dynamic approach to TAPs improve estimates of exposure impacts from congestion and other recurring events.

Traffic placement policies for a multi-band network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maly, Kurt J.; Foudriat, E. C.; Game, David; Mukkamala, R.; Overstreet, C. Michael

1990-01-01

Recently protocols were introduced that enable the integration of synchronous traffic (voice or video) and asynchronous traffic (data) and extend the size of local area networks without loss in speed or capacity. One of these is DRAMA, a multiband protocol based on broadband technology. It provides dynamic allocation of bandwidth among clusters of nodes in the total network. A number of traffic placement policies for such networks are proposed and evaluated. Metrics used for performance evaluation include average network access delay, degree of fairness of access among the nodes, and network throughput. The feasibility of the DRAMA protocol is established through simulation studies. DRAMA provides effective integration of synchronous and asychronous traffic due to its ability to separate traffic types. Under the suggested traffic placement policies, the DRAMA protocol is shown to handle diverse loads, mixes of traffic types, and numbers of nodes, as well as modifications to the network structure and momentary traffic overloads.

Evolving optimised decision rules for intrusion detection using particle swarm paradigm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivatha Sindhu, Siva S.; Geetha, S.; Kannan, A.

2012-12-01

The aim of this article is to construct a practical intrusion detection system (IDS) that properly analyses the statistics of network traffic pattern and classify them as normal or anomalous class. The objective of this article is to prove that the choice of effective network traffic features and a proficient machine-learning paradigm enhances the detection accuracy of IDS. In this article, a rule-based approach with a family of six decision tree classifiers, namely Decision Stump, C4.5, Naive Baye's Tree, Random Forest, Random Tree and Representative Tree model to perform the detection of anomalous network pattern is introduced. In particular, the proposed swarm optimisation-based approach selects instances that compose training set and optimised decision tree operate over this trained set producing classification rules with improved coverage, classification capability and generalisation ability. Experiment with the Knowledge Discovery and Data mining (KDD) data set which have information on traffic pattern, during normal and intrusive behaviour shows that the proposed algorithm produces optimised decision rules and outperforms other machine-learning algorithm.

76 FR 23191 - Traffic Separation Schemes: In the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Its Approaches; in Puget Sound and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-26

...-AA48 Traffic Separation Schemes: In the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Its Approaches; in Puget Sound and... rule codifying traffic separation schemes in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and its Approaches; in Puget... established these traffic separation schemes under authority of the Ports and Waterways Safety Act. DATES...

TraPy-MAC: Traffic Priority Aware Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Body Area Network.

PubMed

Ullah, Fasee; Abdullah, Abdul Hanan; Kaiwartya, Omprakash; Cao, Yue

2017-06-01

Recently, Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) has witnessed significant attentions in research and product development due to the growing number of sensor-based applications in healthcare domain. Design of efficient and effective Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is one of the fundamental research themes in WBAN. Static on-demand slot allocation to patient data is the main approach adopted in the design of MAC protocol in literature, without considering the type of patient data specifically the level of severity on patient data. This leads to the degradation of the performance of MAC protocols considering effectiveness and traffic adjustability in realistic medical environments. In this context, this paper proposes a Traffic Priority-Aware MAC (TraPy-MAC) protocol for WBAN. It classifies patient data into emergency and non-emergency categories based on the severity of patient data. The threshold value aided classification considers a number of parameters including type of sensor, body placement location, and data transmission time for allocating dedicated slots patient data. Emergency data are not required to carry out contention and slots are allocated by giving the due importance to threshold value of vital sign data. The contention for slots is made efficient in case of non-emergency data considering threshold value in slot allocation. Moreover, the slot allocation to emergency and non-emergency data are performed parallel resulting in performance gain in channel assignment. Two algorithms namely, Detection of Severity on Vital Sign data (DSVS), and ETS Slots allocation based on the Severity on Vital Sign (ETS-SVS) are developed for calculating threshold value and resolving the conflicts of channel assignment, respectively. Simulations are performed in ns2 and results are compared with the state-of-the-art MAC techniques. Analysis of results attests the benefit of TraPy-MAC in comparison with the state-of-the-art MAC in channel assignment in realistic medical environments.

47 CFR 64.903 - Cost allocation manuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost allocation manuals. 64.903 Section 64.903... RULES RELATING TO COMMON CARRIERS Allocation of Costs § 64.903 Cost allocation manuals. (a) Each incumbent local exchange carrier having annual revenues from regulated telecommunications operations that...

Democratic Education and the "Strategy of Material Obstacles": A Pedagogical Approach to the Enforcement of Traffic Rules in a Greek Town

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benincasa, Luciana

2016-01-01

This paper is about people's relationship to laws, rules and regulations in a Greek town. The aim is to describe specific traffic policies, point out the underlying pedagogical assumptions and assess their potential effect in relation to the goals of a democratic education. The study springs from the author's experience as a non-native inhabitant…

14 CFR 93.211 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93.211 Applicability. (a) This subpart prescribes rules... individual air carriers and commuter operators at the High Density Traffic Airports identified in subpart K...

14 CFR 93.211 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93.211 Applicability. (a) This subpart prescribes rules... individual air carriers and commuter operators at the High Density Traffic Airports identified in subpart K...

14 CFR 93.211 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93.211 Applicability. (a) This subpart prescribes rules... individual air carriers and commuter operators at the High Density Traffic Airports identified in subpart K...

14 CFR 93.211 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93.211 Applicability. (a) This subpart prescribes rules... individual air carriers and commuter operators at the High Density Traffic Airports identified in subpart K...

14 CFR 93.211 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Operations at High Density Traffic Airports § 93.211 Applicability. (a) This subpart prescribes rules... individual air carriers and commuter operators at the High Density Traffic Airports identified in subpart K...

75 FR 68568 - Port Access Route Study: In the Bering Strait

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-08

... traffic separation scheme and the adjacent coast, to be used in accordance with the provisions of Rule 10... boundary. Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) means a routing measure aimed at the separation of opposing... includes traffic separation schemes, two-way routes, recommended tracks, areas to be avoided, no anchoring...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

26 CFR 1.148-6 - General allocation and accounting rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... organization, the governing body of the 501(c)(3) organization designates and consistently operates the fund as... allocation methods include, without limitation, methods that allocate these items in proportion to either— (A...

50 CFR Table 2b to Part 660... - 2012, and beyond, Allocations by Species or Species Group (final 2012 allocations for assessed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... or Species Group (final 2012 allocations for assessed flatfish are contingent upon potential changes to flatfish status determination criteria and the harvest control rule, and, for overfished species... Part 660, Subpart C—2012, and beyond, Allocations by Species or Species Group (final 2012 allocations...

Temporal and spatial variation in allocating annual traffic activity across an urban region and implications for air quality assessments

PubMed Central

Batterman, Stuart

2015-01-01

Patterns of traffic activity, including changes in the volume and speed of vehicles, vary over time and across urban areas and can substantially affect vehicle emissions of air pollutants. Time-resolved activity at the street scale typically is derived using temporal allocation factors (TAFs) that allow the development of emissions inventories needed to predict concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. This study examines the spatial and temporal variation of TAFs, and characterizes prediction errors resulting from their use. Methods are presented to estimate TAFs and their spatial and temporal variability and used to analyze total, commercial and non-commercial traffic in the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. metropolitan area. The variability of total volume estimates, quantified by the coefficient of variation (COV) representing the percentage departure from expected hourly volume, was 21, 33, 24 and 33% for weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, respectively. Prediction errors mostly resulted from hour-to-hour variability on weekdays and Saturdays, and from day-to-day variability on Sundays and holidays. Spatial variability was limited across the study roads, most of which were large freeways. Commercial traffic had different temporal patterns and greater variability than noncommercial vehicle traffic, e.g., the weekday variability of hourly commercial volume was 28%. The results indicate that TAFs for a metropolitan region can provide reasonably accurate estimates of hourly vehicle volume on major roads. While vehicle volume is only one of many factors that govern on-road emission rates, air quality analyses would be strengthened by incorporating information regarding the uncertainty and variability of traffic activity. PMID:26688671

23 CFR 636.114 - What factors should be considered in risk allocation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What factors should be considered in risk allocation... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.114 What factors should be... in the best position to manage and control a given risk or the impact of a given risk. (b) Risk...

23 CFR 636.114 - What factors should be considered in risk allocation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What factors should be considered in risk allocation... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.114 What factors should be... in the best position to manage and control a given risk or the impact of a given risk. (b) Risk...

23 CFR 636.114 - What factors should be considered in risk allocation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What factors should be considered in risk allocation... ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.114 What factors should be... in the best position to manage and control a given risk or the impact of a given risk. (b) Risk...

26 CFR 1.42-14 - Allocation rules for post-2000 State housing credit ceiling amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... credit ceiling amount. 1.42-14 Section 1.42-14 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES Credits Against Tax § 1.42-14 Allocation rules for post-2000..., Estimates of the Population of States. For convenience, the Internal Revenue Service publishes the...

78 FR 52587 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-23

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70228; File No. 4-663] Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Order Approving and Declaring Effective a Plan..., Inc. and the Topaz Exchange, LLC August 19, 2013. On July 2, 2013, the Financial Industry Regulatory...

76 FR 23637 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Amex LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change Amending...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-27

... Equities To Modify the Application of the Exchange's Designated Market Maker Allocation Policy in the Event... Maker (``DMM'') allocation policy in the event of a merger involving one or more listed companies. The... Equities Rule 103B provides that when two NYSE Amex listed companies merge, the post- merger listed company...

Potential of dynamic spectrum allocation in LTE macro networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoffmann, H.; Ramachandra, P.; Kovács, I. Z.; Jorguseski, L.; Gunnarsson, F.; Kürner, T.

2015-11-01

In recent years Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) worldwide are extensively deploying LTE networks in different spectrum bands and utilising different bandwidth configurations. Initially, the deployment is coverage oriented with macro cells using the lower LTE spectrum bands. As the offered traffic (i.e. the requested traffic from the users) increases the LTE deployment evolves with macro cells expanded with additional capacity boosting LTE carriers in higher frequency bands complemented with micro or small cells in traffic hotspot areas. For MNOs it is crucial to use the LTE spectrum assets, as well as the installed network infrastructure, in the most cost efficient way. The dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) aims at (de)activating the available LTE frequency carriers according to the temporal and spatial traffic variations in order to increase the overall LTE system performance in terms of total network capacity by reducing the interference. This paper evaluates the DSA potential of achieving the envisaged performance improvement and identifying in which system and traffic conditions the DSA should be deployed. A self-optimised network (SON) DSA algorithm is also proposed and evaluated. The evaluations have been carried out in a hexagonal and a realistic site-specific urban macro layout assuming a central traffic hotspot area surrounded with an area of lower traffic with a total size of approximately 8 × 8 km2. The results show that up to 47 % and up to 40 % possible DSA gains are achievable with regards to the carried system load (i.e. used resources) for homogenous traffic distribution with hexagonal layout and for realistic site-specific urban macro layout, respectively. The SON DSA algorithm evaluation in a realistic site-specific urban macro cell deployment scenario including realistic non-uniform spatial traffic distribution shows insignificant cell throughput (i.e. served traffic) performance gains. Nevertheless, in the SON DSA investigations, a gain of up to 25 % has been observed when analysing the resource utilisation in the non-hotspot cells.

Motivation and Competence as Determinants of Young Children's Reward Allocation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Sharon A.; Dweck, Carol S.

1977-01-01

This study examined the effects of allocation instructions and self-interest on preschool children's use of the rule of equity in situations involving reward allocation. Results showed that when the demand for equity was explicit and self-interest was removed, all children used equity in allocating rewards. (Author/JMB)

Real-time distributed scheduling algorithm for supporting QoS over WDM networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kam, Anthony C.; Siu, Kai-Yeung

1998-10-01

Most existing or proposed WDM networks employ circuit switching, typically with one session having exclusive use of one entire wavelength. Consequently they are not suitable for data applications involving bursty traffic patterns. The MIT AON Consortium has developed an all-optical LAN/MAN testbed which provides time-slotted WDM service and employs fast-tunable transceivers in each optical terminal. In this paper, we explore extensions of this service to achieve fine-grained statistical multiplexing with different virtual circuits time-sharing the wavelengths in a fair manner. In particular, we develop a real-time distributed protocol for best-effort traffic over this time-slotted WDM service with near-optical fairness and throughput characteristics. As an additional design feature, our protocol supports the allocation of guaranteed bandwidths to selected connections. This feature acts as a first step towards supporting integrated services and quality-of-service guarantees over WDM networks. To achieve high throughput, our approach is based on scheduling transmissions, as opposed to collision- based schemes. Our distributed protocol involves one MAN scheduler and several LAN schedulers (one per LAN) in a master-slave arrangement. Because of propagation delays and limits on control channel capacities, all schedulers are designed to work with partial, delayed traffic information. Our distributed protocol is of the `greedy' type to ensure fast execution in real-time in response to dynamic traffic changes. It employs a hybrid form of rate and credit control for resource allocation. We have performed extensive simulations, which show that our protocol allocates resources (transmitters, receivers, wavelengths) fairly with high throughput, and supports bandwidth guarantees.

Human-Automation Cooperation for Separation Assurance in Future NextGen Environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mercer, Joey; Homola, Jeffrey; Cabrall, Christopher; Martin, Lynne; Morey, Susan; Gomez, Ashley; Prevot, Thomas

2014-01-01

A 2012 Human-In-The-Loop air traffic control simulation investigated a gradual paradigm-shift in the allocation of functions between operators and automation. Air traffic controllers staffed five adjacent high-altitude en route sectors, and during the course of a two-week experiment, worked traffic under different function-allocation approaches aligned with four increasingly mature NextGen operational environments. These NextGen time-frames ranged from near current-day operations to nearly fully-automated control, in which the ground systems automation was responsible for detecting conflicts, issuing strategic and tactical resolutions, and alerting the controller to exceptional circumstances. Results indicate that overall performance was best in the most automated NextGen environment. Safe operations were achieved in this environment for twice todays peak airspace capacity, while being rated by the controllers as highly acceptable. However, results show that sector operations were not always safe; separation violations did in fact occur. This paper will describe in detail the simulation conducted, as well discuss important results and their implications.

Investigation of work zone crash casualty patterns using association rules.

PubMed

Weng, Jinxian; Zhu, Jia-Zheng; Yan, Xuedong; Liu, Zhiyuan

2016-07-01

Investigation of the casualty crash characteristics and contributory factors is one of the high-priority issues in traffic safety analysis. In this paper, we propose a method based on association rules to analyze the characteristics and contributory factors of work zone crash casualties. A case study is conducted using the Michigan M-94/I-94/I-94BL/I-94BR work zone crash data from 2004 to 2008. The obtained association rules are divided into two parts including rules with high-lift, and rules with high-support for the further analysis. The results show that almost all the high-lift rules contain either environmental or occupant characteristics. The majority of association rules are centered on specific characteristics, such as drinking driving, the highway with more than 4 lanes, speed-limit over 40mph and not use of traffic control devices. It should be pointed out that some stronger associated rules were found in the high-support part. With the network visualization, the association rule method can provide more understandable results for investigating the patterns of work zone crash casualties. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 45195 - International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Electronic Payment of Registration Fees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... DEPARTMENT OF STATE 22 CFR Parts 120, 122, 123, and 129 RIN 1400-AC74 [Public Notice 7538] International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Electronic Payment of Registration Fees AGENCY: Department of State. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Department of State is amending the International Traffic in Arms...

Watch Out! A Teacher's Guide to Traffic Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

This guide provides teachers with activities that can initiate an awareness of the New York city-wide traffic safety campaign and reinforce safety education. It contains the following: (1) background information on safety rules for teachers; (2) curriculum topics that can include traffic safety issues; (3) class- and school-wide activities for…

75 FR 8286 - Proposed Amendment of Area Navigation Route Q-15; California

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

...- day traffic flow on Q-15 within the NAS. Area Navigation Routes are published in paragraph 2006 of FAA... http://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/airspace_amendments/ . You may review the public docket... affect air traffic procedures and air navigation, it is certified that this proposed rule, when...

76 FR 77386 - Amendment to and Establishment of Restricted Areas; Warren Grove, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-13

... Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) and Washington ARTCC. To minimize potential impact to Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) traffic flows, the FAA will only authorize activation of these areas when New York and Washington ARTCCs determine there would be minimal to no impact on IFR traffic operating in the affected area...

36 CFR 520.14 - Vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 520.14 Vehicular and pedestrian traffic. (a) Drivers of all vehicles in or on the premises shall drive in a careful and safe manner at all times and shall comply with the signals and directions of the... traffic. 520.14 Section 520.14 Parks, Forests, and Public Property SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION RULES AND...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV) Operations using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL...

26 CFR 20.2056(b)-5 - Marital deduction; life estate with power of appointment in surviving spouse.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... apportionment between the income and remainder beneficiaries of the total return of the trust and that meets the... absence, by the rules for the management of the trust property and the allocation of receipts and... assets and the rules provided for management of the trust that the allocation to income of such receipts...

76 FR 40950 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Notice of Filing of Proposed Board Funding Final Rules...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-12

... Accounting Oversight Board; Notice of Filing of Proposed Board Funding Final Rules for Allocation of the...'' means the portion of the accounting support fee established by the Board that is to be allocated among... support fee'' means the portion of the accounting support fee established by the Board that is to be...

40 CFR Appendix B to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Final Section 126 Rule: Non-EGU Allocations, 2004-2007 B Appendix B to Part 97 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... COASTAL EAGLE POINT OIL COMPAN 55004 001 3 NJ Gloucester COASTAL EAGLE POINT OIL COMPAN 55004 038 11 NJ...

A Highly Flexible and Efficient Passive Optical Network Employing Dynamic Wavelength Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsueh, Yu-Li; Rogge, Matthew S.; Yamamoto, Shu; Kazovsky, Leonid G.

2005-01-01

A novel and high-performance passive optical network (PON), the SUCCESS-DWA PON, employs dynamic wavelength allocation to provide bandwidth sharing across multiple physical PONs. In the downstream, tunable lasers, an arrayed waveguide grating, and coarse/fine filtering combine to create a flexible new optical access solution. In the upstream, several distributed and centralized schemes are proposed and investigated. The network performance is compared to conventional TDM-PONs under different traffic models, including the self-similar traffic model and the transaction-oriented model. Broadcast support and deployment issues are addressed. The network's excellent scalability can bridge the gap between conventional TDM-PONs and WDM-PONs. The powerful architecture is a promising candidate for next generation optical access networks.

Guaranteeing synchronous message deadlines with the timed token medium access control protocol

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Agrawal, Gopal; Chen, Baio; Zhao, Wei; Davari, Sadegh

1992-01-01

We study the problem of guaranteeing synchronous message deadlines in token ring networks where the timed token medium access control protocol is employed. Synchronous capacity, defined as the maximum time for which a node can transmit its synchronous messages every time it receives the token, is a key parameter in the control of synchronous message transmission. To ensure the transmission of synchronous messages before their deadlines, synchronous capacities must be properly allocated to individual nodes. We address the issue of appropriate allocation of the synchronous capacities. Several synchronous capacity allocation schemes are analyzed in terms of their ability to satisfy deadline constraints of synchronous messages. We show that an inappropriate allocation of the synchronous capacities could cause message deadlines to be missed even if the synchronous traffic is extremely low. We propose a scheme called the normalized proportional allocation scheme which can guarantee the synchronous message deadlines for synchronous traffic of up to 33 percent of available utilization. To date, no other synchronous capacity allocation scheme has been reported to achieve such substantial performance. Another major contribution of this paper is an extension to the previous work on the bounded token rotation time. We prove that the time elapsed between any consecutive visits to a particular node is bounded by upsilon TTRT, where TTRT is the target token rotation time set up at system initialization time. The previous result by Johnson and Sevcik is a special case where upsilon = 2. We use this result in the analysis of various synchronous allocation schemes. It can also be applied in other similar studies.

Characteristics of traffic flow at a non-signalized intersection in the framework of game theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Hongqiang; Jia, Bin; Tian, Junfang; Yun, Lifen

2014-12-01

At a non-signalized intersection, some vehicles violate the traffic rules to pass the intersection as soon as possible. These behaviors may cause many traffic conflicts even traffic accidents. In this paper, a simulation model is proposed to research the effects of these behaviors at a non-signalized intersection. Vehicle’s movement is simulated by the cellular automaton (CA) model. The game theory is introduced for simulating the intersection dynamics. Two types of driver participate the game process: cooperator (C) and defector (D). The cooperator obey the traffic rules, but the defector does not. A transition process may occur when the cooperator is waiting before the intersection. The critical value of waiting time follows the Weibull distribution. One transition regime is found in the phase diagram. The simulation results illustrate the applicability of the proposed model and reveal a number of interesting insights into the intersection management, including that the existence of defectors is benefit for the capacity of intersection, but also reduce the safety of intersection.

78 FR 14230 - Fisheries of the Northeastern United States; Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish Fisheries...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... mortality cap allocation for 2013. Final Research Set-Aside (RSA) allocations for a given year are typically not available until final specifications, and the exclusion of the final RSA allocation results in... to account for allocated butterfish RSA. The proposed rule included the 13-percent reduction to the...

26 CFR 1.162-28 - Allocation of costs to lobbying activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... lobbying activities and prescribes rules permitting a taxpayer to use a reasonable method to allocate those... method of allocating costs—(1) In general. A taxpayer must use a reasonable method to allocate the costs described in paragraph (c) of this section to lobbying activities. A method is not reasonable unless it is...

29 CFR 4211.36 - Modifications to the determination of initial liabilities, the amortization of initial...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., the amortization of initial liabilities, and the allocation fraction. 4211.36 Section 4211.36 Labor... initial liabilities, and the allocation fraction. (a) General rule. A plan using any of the allocation... participation under their prior plans. An amendment under this paragraph must include an allocation fraction...

Adjacency Matrix-Based Transmit Power Allocation Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Consolini, Luca; Medagliani, Paolo; Ferrari, Gianluigi

2009-01-01

In this paper, we present an innovative transmit power control scheme, based on optimization theory, for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) which use carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) with collision avoidance (CA) as medium access control (MAC) protocol. In particular, we focus on schemes where several remote nodes send data directly to a common access point (AP). Under the assumption of finite overall network transmit power and low traffic load, we derive the optimal transmit power allocation strategy that minimizes the packet error rate (PER) at the AP. This approach is based on modeling the CSMA/CA MAC protocol through a finite state machine and takes into account the network adjacency matrix, depending on the transmit power distribution and determining the network connectivity. It will be then shown that the transmit power allocation problem reduces to a convex constrained minimization problem. Our results show that, under the assumption of low traffic load, the power allocation strategy, which guarantees minimal delay, requires the maximization of network connectivity, which can be equivalently interpreted as the maximization of the number of non-zero entries of the adjacency matrix. The obtained theoretical results are confirmed by simulations for unslotted Zigbee WSNs. PMID:22346705

Effects of mobile phone distraction on pedestrians' crossing behavior and visual attention allocation at a signalized intersection: An outdoor experimental study.

PubMed

Jiang, Kang; Ling, Feiyang; Feng, Zhongxiang; Ma, Changxi; Kumfer, Wesley; Shao, Chen; Wang, Kun

2018-06-01

With the rapid growth in mobile phone use worldwide, traffic safety experts have begun to consider the impact of mobile phone distractions on pedestrian crossing safety. This study sought to investigate how mobile phone distractions (music distraction, phone conversation distraction and text distraction) affect the behavior of pedestrians while they are crossing the street. An outdoor-environment experiment was conducted among 28 college student pedestrians. Two HD videos and an eye tracker were employed to record and analyze crossing behavior and visual attention allocation. The results of the research showed that the three mobile phone distractions cause different levels of impairment to pedestrians' crossing performance, with the greatest effect from text distraction, followed by phone conversation distraction and music distraction. Pedestrians distracted by music initiate crossing later, have increased pupil diameter, and reduce their scanning frequency, fixation points and fixation times toward traffic signal area priorities. In addition to the above effects, pedestrians distracted by phone conversation cross the street more slowly, direct fewer fixation points to the right traffic area, and spend less fixation time and lower average fixation duration on the left traffic area. Moreover, pedestrians distracted by texting look left and right less often and switch, distribute and maintain less visual attention on the traffic environment. These findings may inform researchers, policy makers, and pedestrians. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Local behavioral rules sustain the cell allocation pattern in the combs of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera).

PubMed

Montovan, Kathryn J; Karst, Nathaniel; Jones, Laura E; Seeley, Thomas D

2013-11-07

In the beeswax combs of honey bees, the cells of brood, pollen, and honey have a consistent spatial pattern that is sustained throughout the life of a colony. This spatial pattern is believed to emerge from simple behavioral rules that specify how the queen moves, where foragers deposit honey/pollen and how honey/pollen is consumed from cells. Prior work has shown that a set of such rules can explain the formation of the allocation pattern starting from an empty comb. We show that these rules cannot maintain the pattern once the brood start to vacate their cells, and we propose new, biologically realistic rules that better sustain the observed allocation pattern. We analyze the three resulting models by performing hundreds of simulation runs over many gestational periods and a wide range of parameter values. We develop new metrics for pattern assessment and employ them in analyzing pattern retention over each simulation run. Applied to our simulation results, these metrics show alteration of an accepted model for honey/pollen consumption based on local information can stabilize the cell allocation pattern over time. We also show that adding global information, by biasing the queen's movements towards the center of the comb, expands the parameter regime over which pattern retention occurs. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Metric traffic signal design manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

This manual is for information purposes only and may be used to aid new employees, and those unfamiliar with ODOT Traffic Engineering practices, in accessing and applying applicable standards, statutes, rules, and policies related to railroad preempt...

New accounting rules: asset allocation and portfolio management.

PubMed

Andrew, B K

1997-01-01

New accounting rules went into effect at the end of 1995 that are now starting to affect how medical practices must report income from equity and fixed income investments. This article explores the new accounting rules and considers the other factors that help practices determine investment strategies, including desired investment return, comfort with level of risk, appropriate time horizons, liquidity needs and legal restrictions. The author also presents an example that examines the different considerations that may affect an asset allocation decision, including endowments and operating reserve funds.

49 CFR 37.211 - Effect of NHTSA and FHWA safety rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Over-the-Road Buses (OTRBs) § 37.211 Effect of NHTSA and FHWA safety rules... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effect of NHTSA and FHWA safety rules. 37.211... National Highway Traffic Safety Administration or Federal Highway Administration safety rule. ...

49 CFR 37.211 - Effect of NHTSA and FHWA safety rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES (ADA) Over-the-Road Buses (OTRBs) § 37.211 Effect of NHTSA and FHWA safety rules... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effect of NHTSA and FHWA safety rules. 37.211... National Highway Traffic Safety Administration or Federal Highway Administration safety rule. ...

49 CFR 511.1 - Scope of the rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope of the rules. 511.1 Section 511.1 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ADJUDICATIVE PROCEDURES Scope of Rules; Nature of Adjudicative...

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Grade 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic skills, this curriculum guide for grade 4 deals with the how and why of traffic safety. Based on the introduction to highway safety rules and laws that students have mastered in grades K through 3, the program for grades 4 through…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Grade 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic skills, this curriculum guide for grade 5 deals with the how and why of traffic safety. Based on the introduction to highway safety rules and laws that students have mastered in grades K through 3, the program for grades 4 through…

26 CFR 1.861-14T - Special rules for allocating and apportioning certain expenses (other than interest expense) of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... moratorium. The rules of this section do not apply to research and experimental expenses allocated under... assume that section 482 has not been applied by the Commissioner. Example 1: (i) Facts. P owns all of the....020 Research expense apportioned to United States income: EC07OC91.021 Example 2: (i) Facts. P owns...

14 CFR 91.615-91.699 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Additional Equipment and Operating Requirements for Large and Transport Category Aircraft §§ 91.615-91.699 [Reserved] ...

Sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward and traffic violations.

PubMed

Castellà, Josep; Pérez, Jorge

2004-11-01

The aim of our study consists of contributing information on the relationship between the personality variables derived from Gray's model and the conduct that accompanies the infringement of the road traffic rules. Seven hundred and ninety-two adults of both sexes took part in the study (389 men and 403 women), all of whom had driving licences and drove frequently. The subjects answered "The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire", a scale of monotony avoidance, and two Likert scales of attitude and behaviour in connection with traffic violations. We found a high positive relationship between attitude and behaviour, with the men infringing the rules more than the women. Hypotheses regarding a relationship between traffic offences and sensibility to reward and monotony avoidance were confirmed. Those people with high scores in sensitivity to punishment and low ones in sensitivity to reward were those who drove within the law, while those with low sensitivity to punishment and high sensitivity to reward were those who broke it more. Sensitivity to reward was a stronger determinant in encouraging infringement of the rules than was sensitivity to punishment in discouraging the subjects to do so.

A new simulation system of traffic flow based on cellular automata principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shan, Junru

2017-05-01

Traffic flow is a complex system of multi-behavior so it is difficult to give a specific mathematical equation to express it. With the rapid development of computer technology, it is an important method to study the complex traffic behavior by simulating the interaction mechanism between vehicles and reproduce complex traffic behavior. Using the preset of multiple operating rules, cellular automata is a kind of power system which has discrete time and space. It can be a good simulation of the real traffic process and a good way to solve the traffic problems.

77 FR 66897 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-07

... responses that FICC has provided to firms that have raised questions about the Divisions' loss-allocation... allocation methods described in that Section. There are two potential losses that FICC may allocate to its... Proposed Rule Changes To Clarify a Stated Policy With Regard to Existing Provisions of the Loss Allocation...

26 CFR 1.338-6 - Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... allocated among Class II acquisition date assets of target in proportion to the fair market values of such... 26 Internal Revenue 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Allocation of ADSP and AGUB among target assets... among target assets. (a) Scope—(1) In general. This section prescribes rules for allocating ADSP and...

14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

33 CFR 167.10 - Operating rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Operating rules. 167.10 Section 167.10 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY OFFSHORE TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES General § 167.10 Operating rules. The...

14 CFR 91.1075 - Training program: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under... chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center— (1...

14 CFR 91.1075 - Training program: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under... chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center— (1...

14 CFR 91.1075 - Training program: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under... chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center— (1...

14 CFR 91.1075 - Training program: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under... chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center— (1...

14 CFR 91.1075 - Training program: Special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... the following are eligible under this subpart to conduct training, testing, and checking under... chapter to conduct training, testing, and checking required by this subpart if the training center— (1...

Using Inspiration from Synaptic Plasticity Rules to Optimize Traffic Flow in Distributed Engineered Networks.

PubMed

Suen, Jonathan Y; Navlakha, Saket

2017-05-01

Controlling the flow and routing of data is a fundamental problem in many distributed networks, including transportation systems, integrated circuits, and the Internet. In the brain, synaptic plasticity rules have been discovered that regulate network activity in response to environmental inputs, which enable circuits to be stable yet flexible. Here, we develop a new neuro-inspired model for network flow control that depends only on modifying edge weights in an activity-dependent manner. We show how two fundamental plasticity rules, long-term potentiation and long-term depression, can be cast as a distributed gradient descent algorithm for regulating traffic flow in engineered networks. We then characterize, both by simulation and analytically, how different forms of edge-weight-update rules affect network routing efficiency and robustness. We find a close correspondence between certain classes of synaptic weight update rules derived experimentally in the brain and rules commonly used in engineering, suggesting common principles to both.

Simple cellular automaton model for traffic breakdown, highway capacity, and synchronized flow.

PubMed

Kerner, Boris S; Klenov, Sergey L; Schreckenberg, Michael

2011-10-01

We present a simple cellular automaton (CA) model for two-lane roads explaining the physics of traffic breakdown, highway capacity, and synchronized flow. The model consists of the rules "acceleration," "deceleration," "randomization," and "motion" of the Nagel-Schreckenberg CA model as well as "overacceleration through lane changing to the faster lane," "comparison of vehicle gap with the synchronization gap," and "speed adaptation within the synchronization gap" of Kerner's three-phase traffic theory. We show that these few rules of the CA model can appropriately simulate fundamental empirical features of traffic breakdown and highway capacity found in traffic data measured over years in different countries, like characteristics of synchronized flow, the existence of the spontaneous and induced breakdowns at the same bottleneck, and associated probabilistic features of traffic breakdown and highway capacity. Single-vehicle data derived in model simulations show that synchronized flow first occurs and then self-maintains due to a spatiotemporal competition between speed adaptation to a slower speed of the preceding vehicle and passing of this slower vehicle. We find that the application of simple dependences of randomization probability and synchronization gap on driving situation allows us to explain the physics of moving synchronized flow patterns and the pinch effect in synchronized flow as observed in real traffic data.

14 CFR 91.875 - Annual progress reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating Noise Limits § 91... report, that specific planning data be considered proprietary. (e) If an operator's actions during any...

14 CFR 91.875 - Annual progress reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating Noise Limits § 91... report, that specific planning data be considered proprietary. (e) If an operator's actions during any...

14 CFR 91.875 - Annual progress reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating Noise Limits § 91... report, that specific planning data be considered proprietary. (e) If an operator's actions during any...

14 CFR 91.875 - Annual progress reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating Noise Limits § 91... report, that specific planning data be considered proprietary. (e) If an operator's actions during any...

14 CFR 91.875 - Annual progress reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating Noise Limits § 91... report, that specific planning data be considered proprietary. (e) If an operator's actions during any...

The road traffic crashes as a neglected public health concern; an observational study from Iranian population.

PubMed

Bakhtiyari, Mahmood; Delpisheh, Ali; Monfared, Ayad Bahadori; Kazemi-Galougahi, Mohammad Hassan; Mehmandar, Mohammad Reza; Riahi, Mohammad; Salehi, Masoud; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali

2015-01-01

Traffic crashes are multifactorial events caused by human factors, technical issues, and environmental conditions. The present study aimed to determine the role of human factors in traffic crashes in Iran using the proportional odds regression model. The database of all traffic crashes in Iran in 2010 (n = 592, 168) registered through the "COM.114" police forms was investigated. Human risk factors leading to traffic crashes were determined and the odds ratio (OR) of each risk factor was estimated using an ordinal regression model and adjusted for potential confounding factors such as age, gender, and lighting status within and outside of cities. The drivers' mean age ± standard deviation was 34.1 ± 14.0 years. The most prevalent risk factors leading to death within cities were disregarding traffic rules and regulations (45%), driver rushing (31%), and alcohol consumption (12.3%). Using the proportional odds regression model, alcohol consumption was the most significant human risk factor in traffic crashes within cities (OR = 6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.88-8.65) and outside of cities (OR = 1.73, 95% CI, 1.22-3.29). Public health strategies and preventive policies should be focused on more common human risk factors such as disregarding traffic rules and regulations, drivers' rushing, and alcohol consumption due to their greater population attributable fraction and more intuitive impacts on society.

Bicycle accidents among teenagers

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-10-01

The report shows that knowledge of traffic rules does not contribute to reduce the accident risk, or injury risk of young cyclists. Running red lights and cycling in the wrong direction in one-way traffic increase accident and injury risk. Using cycl...

Senales de Trafico. Ingles-Espanol = Traffic Signs. English-Spanish [and] English-Spanish Road Signs for American Tourists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grosse, Philip

Two English/Spanish bilingual glossaries define words and phrases found on traffic signs. The first is an extensive alphabetical checklist of sign messages, listed in English with translations in Spanish. Some basic traffic and speed limit rules are included. The second volume, in Spanish-to-English form, is a pocket version designed for American…

Autonomous Flight Rules - A Concept for Self-Separation in U.S. Domestic Airspace

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wing, David J.; Cotton, William B.

2011-01-01

Autonomous Flight Rules (AFR) are proposed as a new set of operating regulations in which aircraft navigate on tracks of their choice while self-separating from traffic and weather. AFR would exist alongside Instrument and Visual Flight Rules (IFR and VFR) as one of three available flight options for any appropriately trained and qualified operator with the necessary certified equipment. Historically, ground-based separation services evolved by necessity as aircraft began operating in the clouds and were unable to see each other. Today, technologies for global navigation, airborne surveillance, and onboard computing enable the functions of traffic conflict management to be fully integrated with navigation procedures onboard the aircraft. By self-separating, aircraft can operate with more flexibility and fewer restrictions than are required when using ground-based separation. The AFR concept is described in detail and provides practical means by which self-separating aircraft could share the same airspace as IFR and VFR aircraft without disrupting the ongoing processes of Air Traffic Control.

Study of air traffic over KLFIR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nusyirwan, I. F.; Rohani, J. Mohd

2017-12-01

This paper shares the overview of the work currently being conducted with the Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia related to the air traffic. The aim is to study air traffic performance over KL and KK FIR, and the area of interest in this paper is the Kuala Lumpur Flight Information Region (KLFIR). The air traffic performance parameters includes general air traffic movement such as level allocation, number of movements, sector load analysis and also more specific parameters such as airborne delays, effects of weather to the air movements as well as ground delays. To achieve this, a huge effort has been undertaken that includes live data collection algorithm development and real time statistical analysis algorithm development. The main outcome from this multi-disciplinary work is the long-term analysis on the air traffic performance in Malaysia, which will put the country at par in the aviation community, namely the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

77 FR 54482 - Allocation of Costs Under the Simplified Methods

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... Allocation of Costs Under the Simplified Methods AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... certain costs to the property and that allocate costs under the simplified production method or the simplified resale method. The proposed regulations provide rules for the treatment of negative additional...

77 FR 22515 - Allocation of Earnings and Profits in Tax-Free Transfers From One Corporation to Another

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-16

... follows: PART 1--INCOME TAXES Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read, in part... contains proposed amendments to 26 CFR part 1 concerning the allocation of earnings and profits in tax-free... the allocation of earnings and profits should conform to the rules for the allocation of other tax...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

26 CFR 1.1254-5 - Special rules for partnerships and their partners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... allocated to partner K, and that all other items of income, gain, or loss will be allocated equally between... gain is allocated equally between K and L. Because K's section 1254 costs are $65,000 and L's section... $15,000 as ordinary income under section 1254(a). The remaining $5,000 of gain allocated to K and $55...

14 CFR 99.12 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 99.12 Section 99.12 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC General § 99.12 [Reserved] ...

14 CFR 93.335 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Washington, DC Metropolitan Area Special Flight Rules Area § 93.335 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart— DC FRZ flight plan is a flight plan filed... the DC FRZ. This flight plan is separate and distinct from a standard VFR flight plan, and does not...

14 CFR 93.323 - Flight plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight plans. 93.323 Section 93.323... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.323 Flight plans. Each certificate holder conducting a commercial SFRA...

14 CFR 93.323 - Flight plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight plans. 93.323 Section 93.323... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.323 Flight plans. Each certificate holder conducting a commercial SFRA...

14 CFR 91.105 - Flight crewmembers at stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight crewmembers at stations. 91.105... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules General § 91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations. (a) During takeoff and landing, and while en route, each...

14 CFR 93.323 - Flight plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flight plans. 93.323 Section 93.323... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.323 Flight plans. Each certificate holder conducting a commercial SFRA...

14 CFR 91.105 - Flight crewmembers at stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight crewmembers at stations. 91.105... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules General § 91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations. (a) During takeoff and landing, and while en route, each...

14 CFR 93.323 - Flight plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight plans. 93.323 Section 93.323... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.323 Flight plans. Each certificate holder conducting a commercial SFRA...

14 CFR 91.105 - Flight crewmembers at stations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight crewmembers at stations. 91.105... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Flight Rules General § 91.105 Flight crewmembers at stations. (a) During takeoff and landing, and while en route, each...

14 CFR 93.323 - Flight plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight plans. 93.323 Section 93.323... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.323 Flight plans. Each certificate holder conducting a commercial SFRA...

47 CFR 51.701 - Scope of transport and termination pricing rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... carriers is either a bill-and-keep arrangement, per § 51.713, or an arrangement in which each carrier... rules. 51.701 Section 51.701 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON... Telecommunications Traffic § 51.701 Scope of transport and termination pricing rules. (a) Effective December 29, 2011...

14 CFR 91.711 - Special rules for foreign civil aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... aircraft of U.S. manufacture for the purpose of— (i) Flight testing the aircraft; (ii) Training foreign... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Foreign... States shall give flight notification or file a flight plan in accordance with the Supplementary...

14 CFR 91.711 - Special rules for foreign civil aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... aircraft of U.S. manufacture for the purpose of— (i) Flight testing the aircraft; (ii) Training foreign... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Foreign... States shall give flight notification or file a flight plan in accordance with the Supplementary...

14 CFR 91.711 - Special rules for foreign civil aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... aircraft of U.S. manufacture for the purpose of— (i) Flight testing the aircraft; (ii) Training foreign... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Foreign... States shall give flight notification or file a flight plan in accordance with the Supplementary...

14 CFR 91.711 - Special rules for foreign civil aircraft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... aircraft of U.S. manufacture for the purpose of— (i) Flight testing the aircraft; (ii) Training foreign... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Foreign... States shall give flight notification or file a flight plan in accordance with the Supplementary...

75 FR 37883 - Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

... Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities; Proposed Rule #0;#0...] Transmission Planning and Cost Allocation by Transmission Owning and Operating Public Utilities Issued June 17... Transmission Services by Public Utilities; Recovery of Stranded Costs by Public Utilities and Transmitting...

26 CFR 26.2642-2 - Valuation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of property transferred during life is its fair market value on the effective date of the allocation... chapter 12. (2) Special rule for late allocations during life. If a transferor makes a late allocation of... a life insurance policy or a trust holding a life insurance policy, if the insured individual has...

76 FR 64085 - Post-2014 Resource Pool-Loveland Area Projects, Final Power Allocation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-17

... power allocation. SUMMARY: The Western Area Power Administration (Western), a Federal power marketing..., Final Power Allocation developed under the requirements of subpart C-Power Marketing Initiative of the Energy Planning and Management Program (Program) Final Rule, 10 CFR part 905. These final power...

Allocating application to group of consecutive processors in fault-tolerant deadlock-free routing path defined by routers obeying same rules for path selection

DOEpatents

Leung, Vitus J [Albuquerque, NM; Phillips, Cynthia A [Albuquerque, NM; Bender, Michael A [East Northport, NY; Bunde, David P [Urbana, IL

2009-07-21

In a multiple processor computing apparatus, directional routing restrictions and a logical channel construct permit fault tolerant, deadlock-free routing. Processor allocation can be performed by creating a linear ordering of the processors based on routing rules used for routing communications between the processors. The linear ordering can assume a loop configuration, and bin-packing is applied to this loop configuration. The interconnection of the processors can be conceptualized as a generally rectangular 3-dimensional grid, and the MC allocation algorithm is applied with respect to the 3-dimensional grid.

Priority and Negotiation Based Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Scheme for Multiple Radio Access Network Operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hoon; Hyon, Taein; Lee, Yeonwoo

Most of previous works have presented the dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) gain achieved by utilizing the time or regional variations in traffic demand between multi-network operators (NOs). In this paper, we introduce the functionalities required for the entities related with the spectrum sharing and allocation and propose a spectrum allocation algorithm while considering the long-term priority between NOs, the priority between multiple class services, and the urgent bandwidth request. To take into account the priorities among the NOs and the priorities of multiple class services, a spectrum sharing metric (SSM) is proposed, while a negotiation procedure is proposed to treat the urgent bandwidth request.

Allocation of Functions in a Far-Term Air Traffic Control Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Homola, Jeffrey; Martin, Lynne; Mercer, Joey; Cabrall, Christopher; Prevot, Thomas

2011-01-01

A human-in-the-loop exploration of a ground-based automated separation assurance concept was conducted that involved the allocation of certain functions between humans and automation. This exploration included operations that were sustained for prolonged periods of time with high levels of traffic in the presence of convective weather and scheduling constraints. An investigation into the acceptability of the defined roles and performance of tasks was conducted where it was found that the participants rated the concept and allocation of functions with a high level of acceptability. However, issues were encountered with the automation related to the detection of and response to tactical conflicts. Lower ratings were given on account of these concerns, and it was found that a key contributor to the underlying problems was transitioning aircraft and the uncertainty of their trajectories. Stemming from those results, participants responded that they would rather have direct control over aircraft transitions as well as more control over the tactical conflict resolution automation. In contrast, participants responded that they would rather have the automation place aircraft back on trajectory, and perform weather avoidance and scheduling tasks.

14 CFR 93.253 - Nonstop operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport... between Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and another airport that is more than 1,250 miles away from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. ...

14 CFR 93.253 - Nonstop operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport... between Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport and another airport that is more than 1,250 miles away from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. ...

14 CFR 99.41 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General. 99.41 Section 99.41 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC Designated Air Defense Identification Zones § 99...

49 CFR 397.65 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...; DRIVING AND PARKING RULES Routing of Non-Radioactive Hazardous Materials § 397.65 Definitions. For... the United States Department of Transportation, or his/her designate. Commerce. Any trade, traffic, or... of a State or Indian tribe but which affects trade, traffic, or transportation described in...

[Traffic accidents associated with emotional stress after divorce].

PubMed

Cui, Li-Juan; Yi, Xu-Fu; Chen, Xiao-Gang

2009-04-01

In recent years, the traffic accidents increased gradually, especially those caused by the drivers daily emotional abnormality and in which the drivers were liable. This article reviewed the traffic accidents caused by divorced driver's emotional abnormality, illustrated the features of those accidents from the gender, age, occupation and mileage of drivers. It was considered that the major cause of those accidents was excessive drinking due to drivers' emotional stress. Suggestions about preventing the traffic accidents caused by emotional abnormality were put forward so as to make the corresponding rules and finally decrease the emotional abnormality traffic accidents.

Simple cellular automaton model for traffic breakdown, highway capacity, and synchronized flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerner, Boris S.; Klenov, Sergey L.; Schreckenberg, Michael

2011-10-01

We present a simple cellular automaton (CA) model for two-lane roads explaining the physics of traffic breakdown, highway capacity, and synchronized flow. The model consists of the rules “acceleration,” “deceleration,” “randomization,” and “motion” of the Nagel-Schreckenberg CA model as well as “overacceleration through lane changing to the faster lane,” “comparison of vehicle gap with the synchronization gap,” and “speed adaptation within the synchronization gap” of Kerner's three-phase traffic theory. We show that these few rules of the CA model can appropriately simulate fundamental empirical features of traffic breakdown and highway capacity found in traffic data measured over years in different countries, like characteristics of synchronized flow, the existence of the spontaneous and induced breakdowns at the same bottleneck, and associated probabilistic features of traffic breakdown and highway capacity. Single-vehicle data derived in model simulations show that synchronized flow first occurs and then self-maintains due to a spatiotemporal competition between speed adaptation to a slower speed of the preceding vehicle and passing of this slower vehicle. We find that the application of simple dependences of randomization probability and synchronization gap on driving situation allows us to explain the physics of moving synchronized flow patterns and the pinch effect in synchronized flow as observed in real traffic data.

Cost Allocation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-03-09

The Texas Department of Transportations (TxDOT) "smart highway" project, called TransGuide, scheduled to go on line in 1995 in San Antonio, utilizes high speed computer technology to help drivers anticipate traffic conditions-- in an effort to inc...

A self-adaptive algorithm for traffic sign detection in motion image based on color and shape features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Ka; Sheng, Yehua; Gong, Zhijun; Ye, Chun; Li, Yongqiang; Liang, Cheng

2007-06-01

As an important sub-system in intelligent transportation system (ITS), the detection and recognition of traffic signs from mobile images is becoming one of the hot spots in the international research field of ITS. Considering the problem of traffic sign automatic detection in motion images, a new self-adaptive algorithm for traffic sign detection based on color and shape features is proposed in this paper. Firstly, global statistical color features of different images are computed based on statistics theory. Secondly, some self-adaptive thresholds and special segmentation rules for image segmentation are designed according to these global color features. Then, for red, yellow and blue traffic signs, the color image is segmented to three binary images by these thresholds and rules. Thirdly, if the number of white pixels in the segmented binary image exceeds the filtering threshold, the binary image should be further filtered. Fourthly, the method of gray-value projection is used to confirm top, bottom, left and right boundaries for candidate regions of traffic signs in the segmented binary image. Lastly, if the shape feature of candidate region satisfies the need of real traffic sign, this candidate region is confirmed as the detected traffic sign region. The new algorithm is applied to actual motion images of natural scenes taken by a CCD camera of the mobile photogrammetry system in Nanjing at different time. The experimental results show that the algorithm is not only simple, robust and more adaptive to natural scene images, but also reliable and high-speed on real traffic sign detection.

State Budgets, Unit Allocations, and Unit Emissions Rates

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides information that supports EPA’s determination of state emissions budgets, unit-level allocations, direct control rate limits, and new unit set-asides for the Transport Rule proposal.

26 CFR 1.338-7 - Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-7... tax law for the elements of ADSP or AGUB. This section provides rules for allocating redetermined ADSP... different from the original allocation to it, the difference is added to or subtracted from the original...

26 CFR 1.338-7 - Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (Continued) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-7... tax law for the elements of ADSP or AGUB. This section provides rules for allocating redetermined ADSP... different from the original allocation to it, the difference is added to or subtracted from the original...

26 CFR 1.338-7 - Allocation of redetermined ADSP and AGUB among target assets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.338-7... tax law for the elements of ADSP or AGUB. This section provides rules for allocating redetermined ADSP... different from the original allocation to it, the difference is added to or subtracted from the original...

76 FR 13688 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... class-by-class basis which electronic allocation algorithm \\6\\ would apply for rotations. Currently Rule... opening price (with multiple quotes and orders being ranked in accordance with the allocation algorithm in... and quotes ranked in accordance with the allocation algorithm in effect for the class). Any remaining...

32 CFR 700.1139 - Rules for preventing collisions, afloat and in the air.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... international air traffic regulations (14 CFR chapter I), and such other rules and regulations as may be... preventing collisions on the high seas, in inland waters or in the air, where such laws, rules and... the air. 700.1139 Section 700.1139 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

32 CFR 700.1139 - Rules for preventing collisions, afloat and in the air.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... international air traffic regulations (14 CFR chapter I), and such other rules and regulations as may be... preventing collisions on the high seas, in inland waters or in the air, where such laws, rules and... the air. 700.1139 Section 700.1139 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

32 CFR 700.1139 - Rules for preventing collisions, afloat and in the air.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... international air traffic regulations (14 CFR chapter I), and such other rules and regulations as may be... preventing collisions on the high seas, in inland waters or in the air, where such laws, rules and... the air. 700.1139 Section 700.1139 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

32 CFR 700.1139 - Rules for preventing collisions, afloat and in the air.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... international air traffic regulations (14 CFR chapter I), and such other rules and regulations as may be... preventing collisions on the high seas, in inland waters or in the air, where such laws, rules and... the air. 700.1139 Section 700.1139 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

32 CFR 700.1139 - Rules for preventing collisions, afloat and in the air.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... international air traffic regulations (14 CFR chapter I), and such other rules and regulations as may be... preventing collisions on the high seas, in inland waters or in the air, where such laws, rules and... the air. 700.1139 Section 700.1139 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF...

Development of design specifications, details and design criteria for traffic light poles

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-09-01

Current rules and fabrication methods employed in the design of traffic light poles do not adequately address fatigue and fracture issues associated with the connection of mast arms to the vertical poles and the connection of the poles to the foundat...

14 CFR 99.7 - Special security instructions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Special security instructions. 99.7 Section 99.7 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC General § 99.7 Special...

14 CFR 99.47 - Guam ADIZ.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Guam ADIZ. 99.47 Section 99.47 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC Designated Air Defense Identification Zones § 99...

Initial Air Traffic Control Training at Tartu Aviation College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kulbas, Tanel

1997-01-01

Development of an air traffic control (ATC) training course at Tartu Aviation College in Estonia had to start at ground zero, creating new rules and regulations for ATC, writing special study materials, building simulators, and finding enough applicants with sufficient English skills. (SK)

Synaptic Tagging During Memory Allocation

PubMed Central

Rogerson, Thomas; Cai, Denise; Frank, Adam; Sano, Yoshitake; Shobe, Justin; Aranda, Manuel L.; Silva, Alcino J.

2014-01-01

There is now compelling evidence that the allocation of memory to specific neurons (neuronal allocation) and synapses (synaptic allocation) in a neurocircuit is not random and that instead specific mechanisms, such as increases in neuronal excitability and synaptic tagging and capture, determine the exact sites where memories are stored. We propose an integrated view of these processes, such that neuronal allocation, synaptic tagging and capture, spine clustering and metaplasticity reflect related aspects of memory allocation mechanisms. Importantly, the properties of these mechanisms suggest a set of rules that profoundly affect how memories are stored and recalled. PMID:24496410

The influence of heavy vehicles on traffic dynamics around on-ramp system: Cellular automata approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kong, Dewen; Guo, Xiucheng; Wu, Dingxin

Although the on-ramp system has been widely studied, the influence of heavy vehicles is unknown because researchers only investigate the traffic dynamics around on-ramp system under homogeneous traffic conditions, which is different in real-world settings. This paper uses an improved cellular automaton model to study the heterogeneous traffic around on-ramp system. The forward motion rules are improved by considering the differences of driving behavior in different vehicle combinations. The lane change rules are improved by reflecting the aggressive behavior in mandatory lane changes. The phase diagram, traffic flow, capacity and spatial-temporal diagram are analyzed under the influences of heavy vehicles. The results show that by increasing the percentage of heavy vehicles, there will be more severe traffic congestion around on-ramp system, lower saturated flow and capacity. Also, the interactions between main road and on-ramp have been investigated. Increasing the percentage of heavy vehicles at the upstream of the conflict area on the main road or restricting heavy vehicles on the outside lane of the main road will deteriorate the performance of on-ramp. While the main road will have better performance as the percentage of heavy vehicles on the on-ramp increases when the on-ramp inflow rate is not low.

Pilot Interactions in an Over-Constrained Conflict Scenario as Studied in a Piloted Simulation of Autonomous Aircraft Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wing, David J.; Barhydt, Richard; Barmore, Bryan; Krishnamurthy, Karthik

2003-01-01

Feasibility and safety of autonomous aircraft operations were studied in a multi-piloted simulation of overconstrained traffic conflicts to determine the need for, and utility of, priority flight rules to maintain safety in this extraordinary and potentially hazardous situation. An overconstrained traffic conflict is one in which the separation assurance objective is incompatible with other objectives. In addition, a proposed scheme for implementing priority flight rules by staggering the alerting time between the two aircraft in conflict was tested for effectiveness. The feasibility study was conducted through a simulation in the Air Traffic Operations Laboratory at the NASA Langley Research Center. This research activity is a continuation of the Distributed Air-Ground Traffic Management feasibility analysis reported in the 4th USA/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar in December 2001 (paper #48). The over-constrained conflict scenario studied here consisted of two piloted aircraft that were assigned an identical en-route waypoint arrival time and altitude crossing restriction. The simulation results indicated that the pilots safely resolved the conflict without the need for a priority flight rule system. Occurrences of unnecessary maneuvering near the common waypoint were traced to false conflict alerts, generated as the result of including waypoint constraint information in the broadcast data link message issued from each aircraft. This result suggests that, in the conservative interests of safety, broadcast intent information should be based on the commanded trajectory and not on the Flight Management System flight plan, to which the aircraft may not actually adhere. The use of priority flight rules had no effect on the percentage of the aircraft population meeting completely predictable which aircraft in a given pair would meet the constraints and which aircraft would make the first maneuver to yield right-of-way. Therefore, the proposed scheme for implementing priority flight rules through staggering the alerting time between the two aircraft was completely effective. The data and observations from this experiment, together with results from the previously reported study, support the feasibility of autonomous aircraft operations.

12 CFR 227.23 - Unfair acts or practices regarding allocation of payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Credit Card Account Practices Rule § 227.23 Unfair acts or practices regarding allocation of payments. When different annual percentage rates apply to different balances on a consumer credit card account...

14 CFR 99.9 - Radio requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Radio requirements. 99.9 Section 99.9 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC General § 99.9 Radio requirements. (a) A...

14 CFR 99.5 - Emergency situations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Emergency situations. 99.5 Section 99.5 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC General § 99.5 Emergency situations. In an...

14 CFR 99.15 - Position reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Position reports. 99.15 Section 99.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC General § 99.15 Position reports. (a) The...

3D Navigation and Integrated Hazard Display in Advanced Avionics: Workload, Performance, and Situation Awareness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wickens, Christopher D.; Alexander, Amy L.

2004-01-01

We examined the ability for pilots to estimate traffic location in an Integrated Hazard Display, and how such estimations should be measured. Twelve pilots viewed static images of traffic scenarios and then estimated the outside world locations of queried traffic represented in one of three display types (2D coplanar, 3D exocentric, and split-screen) and in one of four conditions (display present/blank crossed with outside world present/blank). Overall, the 2D coplanar display best supported both vertical (compared to 3D) and lateral (compared to split-screen) traffic position estimation performance. Costs of the 3D display were associated with perceptual ambiguity. Costs of the split screen display were inferred to result from inappropriate attention allocation. Furthermore, although pilots were faster in estimating traffic locations when relying on memory, accuracy was greatest when the display was available.

75 FR 5829 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-04

... proposed rule change is available from NASDAQ's website at http://nasdaq.cchwallstreet.com , at NASDAQ's... Authority have the necessary systems capacity to handle the additional traffic associated with the listing...

Willingness to pay for mortality risk reduction for traffic accidents in Myanmar.

PubMed

Mon, Ei Ei; Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj; Khampirat, Buratin; Satiennam, Wichuda; Ratanavaraha, Vatanavongs

2018-05-30

The dramatic increase in vehicle ownership in Myanmar over the past few years has resulted in an alarming increase in traffic accidents. Thus, road safety at the national level needs to be improved urgently in order to reduce the costs associated with traffic accidents and to assist policy makers in making economically efficient resource allocation decisions for road safety improvements. This research was conducted to determine the costs related to fatality risk reductions using a willingness to pay (WTP) approach for motorcyclists, car drivers, and bus passengers in Myanmar. Face-to-face interviews with contingent valuation (CV) and a payment card questionnaire approach was employed for the data collection; multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the factors influencing WTP. The resulting median and mean for the value of statistical life (VSL) were found to be MMK 118.062 million (US$ 98,385) to MMK 162.854 million (US$ 135,712), respectively. Therefore, the total cost of death was estimated to range from MMK 594.681 billion (US$ 495.567 million) to MMK 820.296 billion (US$ 683.580 million) in 2015. In addition, the WTP was found to be significantly associated with age, family status, education, occupation, individual income, household income, the vehicle used, exposure to traffic, drunk driving, personal experiences, and the perceived risk of traffic accidents. This study might be helpful in prioritization of road safety related projects to get greatest benefit by choosing most cost effective projects. This study might assist the decision-making for road safety budget allocations and policy development. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analysis of traffic congestion induced by the work zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fei, L.; Zhu, H. B.; Han, X. L.

2016-05-01

Based on the cellular automata model, a meticulous two-lane cellular automata model is proposed, in which the driving behavior difference and the difference of vehicles' accelerations between the moving state and the starting state are taken into account. Furthermore the vehicles' motion is refined by using the small cell of one meter long. Then accompanied by coming up with a traffic management measure, a two-lane highway traffic model containing a work zone is presented, in which the road is divided into normal area, merging area and work zone. The vehicles in different areas move forward according to different lane changing rules and position updating rules. After simulation it is found that when the density is small the cluster length in front of the work zone increases with the decrease of the merging probability. Then the suitable merging length and the appropriate speed limit value are recommended. The simulation result in the form of the speed-flow diagram is in good agreement with the empirical data. It indicates that the presented model is efficient and can partially reflect the real traffic. The results may be meaningful for traffic optimization and road construction management.

Perceived Relationship, Sex-Role Orientation, and Gender Differences in Reward Allocation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowden, Maryanne; Zanna, Mark P.

Lerner has proposed an equity model used in the determination of fair allocations which suggests that if two individuals are perceived as being similar to and in a positive relationship with each other, there are two possible rules that give fair allocation of rewards. If individuals see each other as occupants of positions the characteristics of…

26 CFR 1.1561-2 - Special rules for allocating reductions of certain section 1561(a) tax-benefit items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... members are required to apportion the amount of the additional tax using the proportionate method... proportionate method, the additional tax is allocated to each component member in the same proportion as the... steps for applying the proportionate method of allocation are as follows: (1) Step 1. The regular tax...

76 FR 20426 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-12

... provides for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees, and other charges among its members and other persons using its facilities. The Exchange believes the proposal is an equitable allocation of... equitable allocation of reasonable credits among BOX Options Participants. \\5\\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b). \\6\\ 15 U.S...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... applicable to other services, are set forth in the following parts of the FCC Rules and Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure”. (§§ 1.1 to 1... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B...

47 CFR 74.5 - Cross reference to rules in other parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... applicable to other services, are set forth in the following parts of the FCC Rules and Regulations: (a) Part 1, “Practice and procedure”. (1) Subpart A, “General Rules of Practice and Procedure”. (§§ 1.1 to 1... Allocations and Radio Treaty Matters, General Rules and Regulations”, including subparts A, “Terminology”; B...

14 CFR Appendix to Subpart U of... - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Pt. 93, Subpt. U, App. Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93—Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ...

14 CFR Appendix to Subpart U of... - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Pt. 93, Subpt. U, App. Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93—Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ...

14 CFR Appendix to Subpart U of... - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Pt. 93, Subpt. U, App. Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93—Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ...

14 CFR Appendix to Subpart U of... - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Pt. 93, Subpt. U, App. Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93—Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ...

14 CFR Appendix to Subpart U of... - Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... TRAFFIC RULES Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of Grand Canyon National Park, AZ Pt. 93, Subpt. U, App. Appendix to Subpart U of Part 93—Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ...

Engineering rules for evaluating the efficiency of multiplexing traffic streams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klincewicz, John G.

2004-09-01

It is common, either for a telecommunications service provider or for a corporate enterprise, to have multiple data networks. For example, both an IP network and an ATM or Frame Relay network could be in operation to serve different applications. This can result in parallel transport links between the same two locations, each carrying data traffic under a different protocol. In this paper, we consider some practical engineering rules, for particular situations, to evaluate whether or not it is advantageous to combine these parallel traffic streams onto a single transport link. Combining the streams requires additional overhead (a so-called "cell tax" ) but, in at least some situations, can result in more efficient use of modular transport capacity. Simple graphs can be used to summarize the analysis. Some interesting, and perhaps unexpected, observations can be made.

42 CFR 412.22 - Excluded hospitals and hospital units: General rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... must meet the governance and control requirements at paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (e)(1)(iv) of this... allocates costs and maintains adequate statistical data to support the basis of allocation. (G) It reports...

Ramsey waits: allocating public health service resources when there is rationing by waiting.

PubMed

Gravelle, Hugh; Siciliani, Luigi

2008-09-01

The optimal allocation of a public health care budget across treatments must take account of the way in which care is rationed within treatments since this will affect their marginal value. We investigate the optimal allocation rules for public health care systems where user charges are fixed and care is rationed by waiting. The optimal waiting time is higher for treatments with demands more elastic to waiting time, higher costs, lower charges, smaller marginal welfare loss from waiting by treated patients, and smaller marginal welfare losses from under-consumption of care. The results hold for a wide range of welfarist and non-welfarist objective functions and for systems in which there is also a private health care sector. They imply that allocation rules based purely on cost effectiveness ratios are suboptimal because they assume that there is no rationing within treatments.

[Organ allocation system: between efficiency and equity].

PubMed

Antoine, Corinne

2007-02-15

Despite considerable efforts to promote organ donation and increase the amount of organ retrieval, demand for grafts is increasing and remains much higher then availability. This short supply is noticeable for all organ transplantation whether for heart, lungs, liver or pancreas but mainly for kidneys. The objective of graft allocation and attribution rules is to insure an allocation as fair as possible, to find the best recipient, to take into account the emergency of the need for grafting or the access difficulty for certain patients, and to seek optimal graft usage. These rules are based on the setting up of priority categories for patients whose lives are threatened on a very short-term basis or for those having difficult access to transplantation. This implies the issue of seeking the balance between an allocation as fair as possible and technical constraints associated with organ retrieval, transportation and graft quality preservation.

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Air Traffic Control System Emergency Operation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Operation Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 60 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60—Air Traffic... Aviation Regulations (14 CFR chapter I), be familiar with all available information concerning that...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Air Traffic Control System Emergency Operation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Operation Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 60 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60—Air Traffic... Aviation Regulations (14 CFR chapter I), be familiar with all available information concerning that...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Air Traffic Control System Emergency Operation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Operation Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 60 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60—Air Traffic... Aviation Regulations (14 CFR chapter I), be familiar with all available information concerning that...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Air Traffic Control System Emergency Operation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Operation Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION... OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 60 Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 60—Air Traffic... Aviation Regulations (14 CFR chapter I), be familiar with all available information concerning that...

78 FR 14032 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Cherokee, WY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Denver and Salt Lake City Air Route Traffic Control Centers... be changed in light of comments received. All comments submitted will be available for examination in... http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/airspace_amendments/ . You may review...

78 FR 78300 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Albuquerque, NM

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC... be changed in light of comments received. All comments submitted will be available for examination in... http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/airspace_amendments/ . You may review...

78 FR 78296 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Needles, CA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC... be changed in light of comments received. All comments submitted will be available for examination in... http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/airspace_amendments/ . You may review...

78 FR 77023 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Tucumcari, NM

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-20

... Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC... be changed in light of comments received. All comments submitted will be available for examination in... http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/airspace_amendments/ . You may review...

76 FR 30001 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Libya

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Libya AGENCY: Department of State. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The... regarding Libya to reflect the United Nations Security Council arms embargoes adopted in February and March...: (202) 261-8199; or e-mail: [email protected] . Attn: Part 126, Libya. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On...

14 CFR 99.19-99.31 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 99.19-99.31 Section 99.19-99.31 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC General §§ 99.19-99.31 [Reserved] ...

76 FR 13928 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Replacement Parts/Components and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Replacement Parts/Components and Incorporated Articles AGENCY... incorporated articles. DATES: The Department of State will accept comments on this proposed rule until April 14... Controls Policy, Attn: Regulatory Changes--Replacement Parts/Components and Incorporated Articles, Bureau...

Human factors in aviation: Terminal control area boundary conflicts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Monan, William P.

1989-01-01

Air-to-air conflicts in the vicinity of Terminal Control Area (TCA) boundaries were studied to obtain a better understanding of the causal dynamics of these events with particular focus on human factor issues. The study dataset consisted of 381 Instrument Flight Rules/Visual Flight Rules (IFR/VFR) traffic conflicts in airspace layers above TCA ceiling and below TCA floors; 213 reports of incursions in TCA terminal airspace by VFR aircraft, of which 123 resulted in conflicts; and an additional set of reports describing problems with Air Traffic Control (ATC) services in and around TCAs. Results and conclusions are detailed.

10 CFR 218.10 - Rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rule. 218.10 Section 218.10 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL STANDBY MANDATORY INTERNATIONAL OIL ALLOCATION Supply Orders § 218.10 Rule. (a) Upon the determination by the President that an international energy supply emergency exists, firms engaged in producing...

Work-zone traffic performance measures : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) 2004 Work Zone Safety and Mobility Rule applies to all state and local government agencies that receive federal-aid highway funding after October 12, 2007. This rule was an update to the former regulation (23...

14 CFR 91.1051 - Pilot safety background check.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... previous employers must include, as applicable— (1) Crew member records. (2) Drug testing—collection, testing, and rehabilitation records pertaining to the individual. (3) Alcohol misuse prevention program...

14 CFR 91.1051 - Pilot safety background check.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... previous employers must include, as applicable— (1) Crew member records. (2) Drug testing—collection, testing, and rehabilitation records pertaining to the individual. (3) Alcohol misuse prevention program...

Some dynamic resource allocation problems in wireless networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berry, Randall

2001-07-01

We consider dynamic resource allocation problems that arise in wireless networking. Specifically transmission scheduling problems are studied in cases where a user can dynamically allocate communication resources such as transmission rate and power based on current channel knowledge as well as traffic variations. We assume that arriving data is stored in a transmission buffer, and investigate the trade-off between average transmission power and average buffer delay. A general characterization of this trade-off is given and the behavior of this trade-off in the regime of asymptotically large buffer delays is explored. An extension to a more general utility based quality of service definition is also discussed.

Dynamic subframe allocation for mobile broadband m-health using IEEE 802.16j mobile multihop relay networks.

PubMed

Alinejad, Ali; Istepanian, R S H; Philip, N

2012-01-01

The concept of 4G health will be one of the key focus areas of future m-health research and enterprise activities in the coming years. WiMAX technology is one of the constituent 4G wireless technologies that provides broadband wireless access (BWA). Despite the fact that WiMAX is able to provide a high data rate in a relatively large coverage; this technology has specific limitations such as: coverage, signal attenuation problems due to shadowing or path loss, and limited available spectrum. The IEEE 802.16j mobile multihop relay (MMR) technology is a pragmatic solution designed to overcome these limitations. The aim of IEEE 802.16j MMR is to expand the IEEE 802.16e's capabilities with multihop features. In particular, the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) subframe allocation in WiMAX network is usually fixed. However, dynamic frame allocation is a useful mechanism to optimize uplink and downlink subframe size dynamically based on the traffic conditions through real-time traffic monitoring. This particular mechanism is important for future WiMAX based m-health applications as it allows the tradeoff in both UL and DL channels. In this paper, we address the dynamic frame allocation issue in IEEE 802.16j MMR network for m-health applications. A comparative performance analysis of the proposed approach is validated using the OPNET Modeler(®). The simulation results have shown an improved performance of resource allocation and end-to-end delay performance for typical medical video streaming application.

Analysis of pediatric lung donor allocation policy: a call for change?

PubMed

Gajarski, Robert; Bowman, Diana M

2015-04-01

In an unprecedented legal ruling in June 2013, a US federal district court judge decided that the existing policy for donor lung allocation be vacated to save the life of a ten-year-old girl dying from cystic fibrosis. This case has fueled much controversy in the United States among policy makers, ethicists, and physicians who treat other patients awaiting transplant. This article examines the creation of the current US lung allocation policy and its impact on outcomes and analyzes the multidimensionality of the ruling. After analyzing the current policy and investigating alternatives for donor pool expansion, the article concludes by articulating options that may mitigate the need for current policy revision. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press.

14 CFR 93.51 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area § 93.51... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Applicability. 93.51 Section 93.51..., Terminal Area. [Doc. No. FAA-2002-13235, 68 FR 9795, Feb. 28, 2003] ...

14 CFR 93.51 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area § 93.51... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applicability. 93.51 Section 93.51..., Terminal Area. [Doc. No. FAA-2002-13235, 68 FR 9795, Feb. 28, 2003] ...

14 CFR 93.51 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area § 93.51... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability. 93.51 Section 93.51..., Terminal Area. [Doc. No. FAA-2002-13235, 68 FR 9795, Feb. 28, 2003] ...

14 CFR 93.51 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area § 93.51... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicability. 93.51 Section 93.51..., Terminal Area. [Doc. No. FAA-2002-13235, 68 FR 9795, Feb. 28, 2003] ...

14 CFR 93.51 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Anchorage, Alaska, Terminal Area § 93.51... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability. 93.51 Section 93.51..., Terminal Area. [Doc. No. FAA-2002-13235, 68 FR 9795, Feb. 28, 2003] ...

14 CFR 91.527 - Operating in icing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine..., windshield, stabilizing or control surface; to a powerplant installation; or to an airspeed, altimeter, rate... each rotor blade, propeller, windshield, wing, stabilizing or control surface, and each airspeed...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

45 CFR 95.515 - Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... general rule, the effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment shall be the first day of the... the defect. (c) It is impractical for the State to implement the amendment on the first day of the... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Effective date of a cost allocation plan amendment...

77 FR 40129 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE MKT LLC; Notice of Filing of Rule Change, as Modified by...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-06

... Delete Obsolete Text and To Clarify and Update the Description of the Allocation of Market and Limit... Orders in the Allocation of Orders in Closing Transactions, and (4) Making Other Technical and Conforming... delete obsolete text and to clarify and update the description of the allocation of market and limit...

77 FR 40133 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing of Rule Change, as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-06

... Obsolete Text and To Clarify and Update the Description of The Allocation of Market and Limit Interest in... Allocation of Orders in Closing Transactions, and (4) Making Other Technical and Conforming Changes June 29... description of the allocation of market and limit interest in opening and reopening transactions, (3) amend...

76 FR 59470 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-26

... allocation algorithm shall apply for COB and/or COA executions on a class-by-class basis, subject to certain conditions. Currently, as described in more detail below, the allocation algorithms for COB and COA default to the allocation algorithms in effect for a given options class. As proposed, the rule change would...

47 CFR 1.1105 - Schedule of charges for applications and other filings for the wireline competition services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of Part 69 Tariff Rules (per request) Corres & 159 815.00 CQK 3. Accounting: a. Review of...,130.00 CVA b. Petition for Waiver (per petition): (i) Waiver of Part 69 Accounting Rules & Part 32 Accounting Rules, Part 43 Reporting Requirements, Part 64 Allocation of Costs Rules, Part 65 Rate of Return...

Analysis of Traffic Signals on a Software-Defined Network for Detection and Classification of a Man-in-the-Middle Attack

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-01

unique characteristics of reported anomalies in the collected traffic signals to build a classification framework. Other cyber events, such as a...Furthermore, we identify unique characteristics of reported anomalies in the collected traffic signals to build a classification framework. Other cyber...2]. The applications build flow rules using network topology information provided by the control plane [1]. Since the control plane is able to

Investigating Traffic Avoidance Maneuver Preferences of Unmanned Aircraft Operators

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-13

aircraft in the NAS under instrument flight rules ( IFR ), in radio communications with ATC, and with a traffic display highlighting traffic within 80...Lincoln Laboratory developed uncorrelated encounter model [13] for evaluation of a preliminary pilot model. The UAS was assumed to be on an IFR ...Vol. 59, No. 1, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA, 2015, pp. 45-49. [10] Rorie, R. C., Fern, L., and Shively R. J., “The impact

Optimal traffic resource allocation and management.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

"In this paper, we address the problem of determining the patrol routes of state troopers for maximum coverage of : highway spots with high frequencies of crashes (hot spots). We develop a mixed integer linear programming model : for this problem und...

An effective write policy for software coherence schemes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Yung-Chin; Veidenbaum, Alexander V.

1992-01-01

The authors study the write behavior and evaluate the performance of various write strategies and buffering techniques for a MIN-based multiprocessor system using the simple software coherence scheme. Hit ratios, memory latencies, total execution time, and total write traffic are used as the performance indices. The write-through write-allocate no-fetch cache using a write-back write buffer is shown to have a better performance than both write-through and write-back caches. This type of write buffer is effective in reducing the volume as well as bursts of write traffic. On average, the use of a write-back cache reduces by 60 percent the total write traffic generated by a write-through cache.

78 FR 51664 - Vessel Traffic Service Updates, Including Establishment of Vessel Traffic Service Requirements...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-21

... requirements. The changes made by this rule will align regulations with the current operating procedures of the... History V. Discussion of Comments and Changes VI. Regulatory Analyses A. Regulatory Planning and Review B... Waterways Safety System PWSA Ports and Waterways Safety Act SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of...

77 FR 16670 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Sri Lanka

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

... International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Sri Lanka AGENCY: Department of State. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY... exception to the license denial policy toward Sri Lanka. This change allows for exports to Sri Lanka for... . ATTN: Regulatory Change, Part 126, Sri Lanka. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 126.1(n) is amended to...

76 FR 9846 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change by NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-22

... website at http://nasdaqomxphlx.cchwallstreet.com/NASDAQOMXPHLX/Filings/ , at the principal office of the... Authority have the necessary system capacity to handle the potential additional traffic associated with the... Exchange believes that it has the necessary system capacity to handle the potential additional traffic...

76 FR 49664 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Beaufort Channel, Beaufort, NC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

... for emergencies. This closure has been an annual closure for the past several years therefore there are no traffic logs with past openings for this time of year. Most of the vessel traffic consists of... Friday, except Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule...

78 FR 41337 - Proposed Establishment of Class E Airspace; Glasgow, MT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... Rules (IFR) aircraft under control of Salt Lake City and Minneapolis Air Route Traffic Control Centers... contained in this action may be changed in light of comments received. All comments submitted will be... through the FAA's Web page at http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/airspace...

14 CFR Appendix G to Part 91 - Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... flight planned route through the appropriate flight planning information sources. (b) No person may show..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT..., air traffic control (ATC) separates aircraft by a minimum of 1,000 feet vertically between flight...

14 CFR Appendix G to Part 91 - Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... flight planned route through the appropriate flight planning information sources. (b) No person may show..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT..., air traffic control (ATC) separates aircraft by a minimum of 1,000 feet vertically between flight...

14 CFR Appendix G to Part 91 - Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... flight planned route through the appropriate flight planning information sources. (b) No person may show..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT..., air traffic control (ATC) separates aircraft by a minimum of 1,000 feet vertically between flight...

14 CFR Appendix G to Part 91 - Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... flight planned route through the appropriate flight planning information sources. (b) No person may show..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT..., air traffic control (ATC) separates aircraft by a minimum of 1,000 feet vertically between flight...

14 CFR Appendix G to Part 91 - Operations in Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) Airspace

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... flight planned route through the appropriate flight planning information sources. (b) No person may show..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT..., air traffic control (ATC) separates aircraft by a minimum of 1,000 feet vertically between flight...

A model of Beijing drivers' scrambling behaviors.

PubMed

Shi, Jing; Bai, Yun; Tao, Li; Atchley, Paul

2011-07-01

A major, but unstudied, cause of crashes in China is drivers that "scramble" to gain the right of way in violation of traffic regulations. The motivation of this study is to explore the features of drivers' scrambling behaviors and the attitudes and driving skills that influence them. In this study, we established a scrambling behavior scale, and developed a driving attitude scale and a driving skill scale using factor analysis of an Internet survey of 486 drivers in Beijing. A structural equation model of scrambling behavior toward cars and pedestrians/cyclists was developed with attitudes and skills as predictors of behavior. Skills and attitudes of approval toward violations of traffic rules did not predict scrambling behaviors, while the motivation for safety and attitudes against violating traffic rules led to reduced scrambling behaviors. The current work highlights this peculiar aspect of Chinese roads and suggests methods to reduce the behavior. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Public Health Perspective of Road Traffic Accidents

PubMed Central

Gopalakrishnan, S.

2012-01-01

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have emerged as an important public health issue which needs to be tackled by a multi-disciplinary approach. The trend in RTA injuries and death is becoming alarming in countries like India. The number of fatal and disabling road accident happening is increasing day by day and is a real public health challenge for all the concerned agencies to prevent it. The approach to implement the rules and regulations available to prevent road accidents is often ineffective and half-hearted. Awareness creation, strict implementation of traffic rules, and scientific engineering measures are the need of the hour to prevent this public health catastrophe. This article is intended to create awareness among the health professionals about the various modalities available to prevent road accidents and also to inculcate a sense of responsibility toward spreading the message of road safety as a good citizen of our country. PMID:24479025

14 CFR 91.533 - Flight attendant requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight attendant requirements. 91.533... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.533 Flight attendant...

14 CFR 91.529 - Flight engineer requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight engineer requirements. 91.529... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.529 Flight engineer...

14 CFR 91.533 - Flight attendant requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight attendant requirements. 91.533... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.533 Flight attendant...

14 CFR 91.529 - Flight engineer requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight engineer requirements. 91.529... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Large and Turbine-Powered Multiengine Airplanes and Fractional Ownership Program Aircraft § 91.529 Flight engineer...

Final Rule for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards and Fuel Efficiency Standards for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA and National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration (NHTSA) are each finalizing rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for onroad heavy-duty vehicles.

14 CFR 91.1433 - CAMP: Maintenance and preventive maintenance training program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1433 CAMP: Maintenance and preventive... each person (including inspection personnel) who determines the adequacy of work done is fully informed...

14 CFR 91.1025 - Program operating manual contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... flight; (f) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction of certain...

14 CFR 91.1025 - Program operating manual contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... flight; (f) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction of certain...

14 CFR 91.1025 - Program operating manual contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... flight; (f) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction of certain...

14 CFR 91.1025 - Program operating manual contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... flight; (f) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction of certain...

14 CFR 91.1025 - Program operating manual contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... flight; (f) Procedures to be followed by the pilot in command for determining that mechanical irregularities or defects reported for previous flights have been corrected or that correction of certain...

PSOLA: A Heuristic Land-Use Allocation Model Using Patch-Level Operations and Knowledge-Informed Rules.

PubMed

Liu, Yaolin; Peng, Jinjin; Jiao, Limin; Liu, Yanfang

2016-01-01

Optimizing land-use allocation is important to regional sustainable development, as it promotes the social equality of public services, increases the economic benefits of land-use activities, and reduces the ecological risk of land-use planning. Most land-use optimization models allocate land-use using cell-level operations that fragment land-use patches. These models do not cooperate well with land-use planning knowledge, leading to irrational land-use patterns. This study focuses on building a heuristic land-use allocation model (PSOLA) using particle swarm optimization. The model allocates land-use with patch-level operations to avoid fragmentation. The patch-level operations include a patch-edge operator, a patch-size operator, and a patch-compactness operator that constrain the size and shape of land-use patches. The model is also integrated with knowledge-informed rules to provide auxiliary knowledge of land-use planning during optimization. The knowledge-informed rules consist of suitability, accessibility, land use policy, and stakeholders' preference. To validate the PSOLA model, a case study was performed in Gaoqiao Town in Zhejiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that the PSOLA model outperforms a basic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in the terms of the social, economic, ecological, and overall benefits by 3.60%, 7.10%, 1.53% and 4.06%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of our improvements. Furthermore, the model has an open architecture, enabling its extension as a generic tool to support decision making in land-use planning.

PSOLA: A Heuristic Land-Use Allocation Model Using Patch-Level Operations and Knowledge-Informed Rules

PubMed Central

Liu, Yaolin; Peng, Jinjin; Jiao, Limin; Liu, Yanfang

2016-01-01

Optimizing land-use allocation is important to regional sustainable development, as it promotes the social equality of public services, increases the economic benefits of land-use activities, and reduces the ecological risk of land-use planning. Most land-use optimization models allocate land-use using cell-level operations that fragment land-use patches. These models do not cooperate well with land-use planning knowledge, leading to irrational land-use patterns. This study focuses on building a heuristic land-use allocation model (PSOLA) using particle swarm optimization. The model allocates land-use with patch-level operations to avoid fragmentation. The patch-level operations include a patch-edge operator, a patch-size operator, and a patch-compactness operator that constrain the size and shape of land-use patches. The model is also integrated with knowledge-informed rules to provide auxiliary knowledge of land-use planning during optimization. The knowledge-informed rules consist of suitability, accessibility, land use policy, and stakeholders’ preference. To validate the PSOLA model, a case study was performed in Gaoqiao Town in Zhejiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that the PSOLA model outperforms a basic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in the terms of the social, economic, ecological, and overall benefits by 3.60%, 7.10%, 1.53% and 4.06%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of our improvements. Furthermore, the model has an open architecture, enabling its extension as a generic tool to support decision making in land-use planning. PMID:27322619

78 FR 9602 - Amendment of the Commission's Rules To Allocate Spectrum and Adopt Service Rules and Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-11

... such licensees and operators, and thus are unable to estimate the number of geostationary space station... apply any rules providing special consideration for geostationary space station licensees and operators... communicate with geostationary satellite orbit FSS space stations but must accept interference from stations...

76 FR 52997 - Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Board Funding Final Rules for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

... Accounting Oversight Board; Order Approving Proposed Board Funding Final Rules for Allocation of the Board's Accounting Support Fee Among Issuers, Brokers, and Dealers, and Other Amendments to the Board's Funding Rules August 18, 2011. I. Introduction On June 21, 2011, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the...

77 FR 73711 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-11

... 240.17d-2. I. Introduction Section 19(g)(1) of the Act,\\3\\ among other things, requires every self... associated persons; (c) Discharge of its duties and obligations as a DEA; and (d) Evaluation of advertising... Customer Communications (Advertising) NYSE MKT [Amex] Rules 991 and 1106 BATS Rule 26.16 BOX Rule 4170 CBOE...

Development of a prototype land use model for statewide transportation planning activities.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-11-30

Future land use forecasting is an important input to transportation planning modeling. Traditionally, land use is allocated to individual : traffic analysis zones (TAZ) based on variables such as the amount of vacant land, zoning restriction, land us...

14 CFR 91.309 - Towing: Gliders and unpowered ultralight vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... vehicle have agreed upon a general course of action, including takeoff and release signals, airspeeds, and... vehicles. 91.309 Section 91.309 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special...

14 CFR 91.1109 - Aircraft maintenance: Inspection program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... be in writing and include at least the following information: (1) Instructions and procedures for the... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional.... The instructions and procedures must set forth in detail the parts and areas of the airframe, engines...

14 CFR 91.1109 - Aircraft maintenance: Inspection program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... be in writing and include at least the following information: (1) Instructions and procedures for the... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional.... The instructions and procedures must set forth in detail the parts and areas of the airframe, engines...

14 CFR 91.1017 - Amending program manager's management specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... management specifications, the following procedure applies: (1) The Flight Standards District Office that... filed within 30 days, the procedures of paragraph (c) of this section apply. (e) If the Flight Standards... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

14 CFR 91.1017 - Amending program manager's management specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... management specifications, the following procedure applies: (1) The Flight Standards District Office that... filed within 30 days, the procedures of paragraph (c) of this section apply. (e) If the Flight Standards... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

47 CFR 51.701 - Scope of transport and termination pricing rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Scope of transport and termination pricing... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Reciprocal Compensation for Transport and Termination of Telecommunications Traffic § 51.701 Scope of transport and termination pricing rules. (a) The provisions of this...

47 CFR 51.701 - Scope of transport and termination pricing rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Scope of transport and termination pricing... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) INTERCONNECTION Reciprocal Compensation for Transport and Termination of Telecommunications Traffic § 51.701 Scope of transport and termination pricing rules. (a) The provisions of this...

14 CFR 91.1005 - Prohibitions and limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... may carry persons or property for compensation or hire on a program flight. (b) During the term of the multi-year program agreements under which a fractional owner has obtained a minimum fractional ownership... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership...

14 CFR 91.1039 - IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) For flight planning purposes, if the destination airport does not have a weather reporting facility... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional... on a program aircraft operating a program flight may begin an instrument approach procedure to an...

14 CFR 91.1039 - IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) For flight planning purposes, if the destination airport does not have a weather reporting facility... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional... on a program aircraft operating a program flight may begin an instrument approach procedure to an...

14 CFR 91.1039 - IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) For flight planning purposes, if the destination airport does not have a weather reporting facility... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional... on a program aircraft operating a program flight may begin an instrument approach procedure to an...

14 CFR 91.1039 - IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) For flight planning purposes, if the destination airport does not have a weather reporting facility... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional... on a program aircraft operating a program flight may begin an instrument approach procedure to an...

14 CFR 91.1039 - IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) For flight planning purposes, if the destination airport does not have a weather reporting facility... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional... on a program aircraft operating a program flight may begin an instrument approach procedure to an...

Conflict Resolution Automation and Pilot Situation Awareness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dao, Arik-Quang V.; Brandt, Summer L.; Bacon, Paige; Kraut, Josh; Nguyen, Jimmy; Minakata, Katsumi; Raza, Hamzah; Rozovski, David; Johnson, Walter W.

2010-01-01

This study compared pilot situation awareness across three traffic management concepts. The Concepts varied in terms of the allocation of traffic avoidance responsibility between the pilot on the flight deck, the air traffic controllers, and a conflict resolution automation system. In Concept 1, the flight deck was equipped with conflict resolution tools that enable them to fully handle the responsibility of weather avoidance and maintaining separation between ownship and surrounding traffic. In Concept 2, pilots were not responsible for traffic separation, but were provided tools for weather and traffic avoidance. In Concept 3, flight deck tools allowed pilots to deviate for weather, but conflict detection tools were disabled. In this concept pilots were dependent on ground based automation for conflict detection and resolution. Situation awareness of the pilots was measured using online probes. Results showed that individual situation awareness was highest in Concept 1, where the pilots were most engaged, and lowest in Concept 3, where automation was heavily used. These findings suggest that for conflict resolution tasks, situation awareness is improved when pilots remain in the decision-making loop.

14 CFR 91.25 - Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Aviation Safety Reporting Program... AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES General § 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against...

14 CFR 91.25 - Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Aviation Safety Reporting Program... AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES General § 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Iraq Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 77 Special Federal Aviation Regulation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 87 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 87 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Iraq Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 77 Special Federal Aviation Regulation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Iraq Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 77 Special Federal Aviation Regulation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 87 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 87 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Somalia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Somalia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 107 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Somalia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Somalia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 107 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 87 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 87 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR 91.1605 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77-Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Federal Aviation Regulations...

14 CFR 91.25 - Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Aviation Safety Reporting Program... AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES General § 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 87 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 87 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Ethiopia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 87 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 87 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR 91.25 - Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Aviation Safety Reporting Program... AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES General § 91.25 Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Somalia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Somalia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 107 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Somalia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Somalia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 107 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Somalia

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Somalia Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 107 Special Federal Aviation...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the Territory and Airspace of Iraq

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... the Territory and Airspace of Iraq Federal Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Pt. 91, SFAR No. 77 Special Federal Aviation Regulation...

14 CFR 91.1605 - Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77-Prohibition Against Certain Flights Within the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77... Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Federal Aviation Regulations...

14 CFR 91.1087 - Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Approval of aircraft simulators and other... OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and...

14 CFR 91.1087 - Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Approval of aircraft simulators and other... OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and...

14 CFR 91.1087 - Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Approval of aircraft simulators and other... OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and...

14 CFR 91.1087 - Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Approval of aircraft simulators and other... OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1087 Approval of aircraft simulators and...

14 CFR 91.1061 - Augmented flight crews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Augmented flight crews. 91.1061 Section 91...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1061 Augmented flight crews. (a) No program manager may assign any flight...

14 CFR 91.1061 - Augmented flight crews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Augmented flight crews. 91.1061 Section 91...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1061 Augmented flight crews. (a) No program manager may assign any flight...

14 CFR 105.13 - Radio equipment and use requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Radio equipment and use requirements. 105... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES PARACHUTE OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 105.13 Radio...) The aircraft is equipped with a functioning two-way radio communication system appropriate to the air...

14 CFR 91.1053 - Crewmember experience.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... and ratings: (1) Total flight time for all pilots: (i) Pilot in command—A minimum of 1,500 hours. (ii) Second in command—A minimum of 500 hours. (2) For multi-engine turbine-powered fixed-wing and powered...

14 CFR 91.1083 - Crewmember emergency training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership... passenger oxygen. (6) Removal of life rafts from the aircraft, inflation of the life rafts, use of lifelines, and boarding of passengers and crew, if applicable. (7) Donning and inflation of life vests and the...

14 CFR 91.1063 - Testing and training: Applicability and terms used.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... proficiency check requirements of § 91.1069. (iii) Testing requirements of § 91.1065. (iv) Recurrent flight... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Testing and training: Applicability and... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

14 CFR 91.1063 - Testing and training: Applicability and terms used.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... proficiency check requirements of § 91.1069. (iii) Testing requirements of § 91.1065. (iv) Recurrent flight... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Testing and training: Applicability and... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

14 CFR 91.1063 - Testing and training: Applicability and terms used.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... proficiency check requirements of § 91.1069. (iii) Testing requirements of § 91.1065. (iv) Recurrent flight... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Testing and training: Applicability and... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

14 CFR 91.1097 - Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Pilot and flight attendant crewmember..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1097 Pilot and flight attendant crewmember...

14 CFR 91.1097 - Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Pilot and flight attendant crewmember..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1097 Pilot and flight attendant crewmember...

14 CFR 91.1097 - Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Pilot and flight attendant crewmember..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional Ownership Operations Program Management § 91.1097 Pilot and flight attendant crewmember...

14 CFR 91.317 - Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... limitations of § 21.191 of this chapter and when flight testing, shall operate under the requirements of § 91..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Flight Operations § 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating...

14 CFR 91.317 - Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... limitations of § 21.191 of this chapter and when flight testing, shall operate under the requirements of § 91..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Flight Operations § 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating...

14 CFR 91.317 - Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... limitations of § 21.191 of this chapter and when flight testing, shall operate under the requirements of § 91..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Flight Operations § 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating...

14 CFR 91.317 - Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... limitations of § 21.191 of this chapter and when flight testing, shall operate under the requirements of § 91..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Flight Operations § 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating...

14 CFR 91.1063 - Testing and training: Applicability and terms used.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... proficiency check requirements of § 91.1069. (iii) Testing requirements of § 91.1065. (iv) Recurrent flight... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Testing and training: Applicability and... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

14 CFR 91.317 - Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... limitations of § 21.191 of this chapter and when flight testing, shall operate under the requirements of § 91..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Special Flight Operations § 91.317 Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating...

14 CFR 91.1063 - Testing and training: Applicability and terms used.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... proficiency check requirements of § 91.1069. (iii) Testing requirements of § 91.1065. (iv) Recurrent flight... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Testing and training: Applicability and... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Fractional...

14 CFR 105.19 - Parachute operations between sunset and sunrise.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES PARACHUTE OPERATIONS Operating Rules § 105.19... between sunset and sunrise, unless the person or object descending from the aircraft displays a light that... be displayed from the time that the person or object is under a properly functioning open parachute...

14 CFR 93.303 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 93.303 Section 93.303 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC... Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.303 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Allocation means...

14 CFR 93.303 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 93.303 Section 93.303 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC... Canyon National Park, AZ § 93.303 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Allocation means...

Operational and safety efficiency of traffic signal installations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-05-01

The basic principle of signalization is the provision of a safe and effective means for time and space allocation at an intersection for both vehicular and pedestrian needs. The safety community concurs on the fact that there is the potential for saf...

Software defined multi-OLT passive optical network for flexible traffic allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Shizong; Gu, Rentao; Ji, Yuefeng; Zhang, Jiawei; Li, Hui

2016-10-01

With the rapid growth of 4G mobile network and vehicular network services mobile terminal users have increasing demand on data sharing among different radio remote units (RRUs) and roadside units (RSUs). Meanwhile, commercial video-streaming, video/voice conference applications delivered through peer-to-peer (P2P) technology are still keep on stimulating the sharp increment of bandwidth demand in both business and residential subscribers. However, a significant issue is that, although wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology have been proposed to fulfil the ever-increasing bandwidth demand in access network, the bandwidth of optical fiber is not unlimited due to the restriction of optical component properties and modulation/demodulation technology, and blindly increase the wavelength cannot meet the cost-sensitive characteristic of the access network. In this paper, we propose a software defined multi-OLT PON architecture to support efficient scheduling of access network traffic. By introducing software defined networking technology and wavelength selective switch into TWDM PON system in central office, multiple OLTs can be considered as a bandwidth resource pool and support flexible traffic allocation for optical network units (ONUs). Moreover, under the configuration of the control plane, ONUs have the capability of changing affiliation between different OLTs under different traffic situations, thus the inter-OLT traffic can be localized and the data exchange pressure of the core network can be released. Considering this architecture is designed to be maximum following the TWDM PON specification, the existing optical distribution network (ODN) investment can be saved and conventional EPON/GPON equipment can be compatible with the proposed architecture. What's more, based on this architecture, we propose a dynamic wavelength scheduling algorithm, which can be deployed as an application on control plane and achieve effective scheduling OLT wavelength resources between different OLTs based on various traffic situation. Simulation results show that, by using the scheduling algorithm, network traffic between different OLTs can be optimized effectively, and the wavelength utilization of the multi-OLT system can be improved due to the flexible wavelength scheduling.

Resource Allocation and Budgeting for the 1972-73 Mini-Schools of the Alum Rock Voucher Demonstration. Analysis of the Education Voucher Demonstration. A Working Note.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haggart, S. A.; Furry, W. S.

This Working Note documents the first year's events and outcomes in developing the budgeting system and resource allocation rules to support the Education Voucher Demonstration. The district now has systems for per pupil resource allocation and school/minischool cost center accounting. The basic voucher of $1,041 for grades 7-8, and $788 for…

Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Allocation Policy: A Proposal to Optimize Appropriate Utilization of Scarce Resources.

PubMed

Formica, R N; Aeder, M; Boyle, G; Kucheryavaya, A; Stewart, D; Hirose, R; Mulligan, D

2016-03-01

The introduction of the Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease score into the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) deceased donor liver allocation policy in 2002 has led to a significant increase in the number of simultaneous liver-kidney transplants in the United States. Despite multiple attempts, clinical science has not been able to reliably predict which liver candidates with renal insufficiency will recover renal function or need a concurrent kidney transplant. The problem facing the transplant community is that currently there are almost no medical criteria for candidacy for simultaneous liver-kidney allocation in the United States, and this lack of standardized rules and medical eligibility criteria for kidney allocation with a liver is counter to OPTN's Final Rule. Moreover, almost 50% of simultaneous liver-kidney organs come from a donor with a kidney donor profile index of ≤0.35. The kidneys from these donors could otherwise be allocated to pediatric recipients, young adults or prior organ donors. This paper presents the new OPTN and United Network of Organ Sharing simultaneous liver-kidney allocation policy, provides the supporting evidence and explains the rationale on which the policy was based. © Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.

77 FR 74707 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change To List...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

... the Pring Turner Business Cycle ETF Under NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.600 December 11, 2012. On October... Pring Turner Business Cycle ETF (``Fund''). The proposed rule change was published for comment in the... proprietary business cycle research, the Sub-Adviser proactively will change the Fund's asset allocation and...

75 FR 57998 - Program for Allocation of Regulatory Responsibilities Pursuant to Rule 17d-2; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-23

... financial condition. BYX shall make available to FINRA any information coming to its attention that reflects... respect to such complaints. 10. Advertising. FINRA shall assume responsibility to review the advertising... Fraudulent Device Rule 3.5(a) Advertising Practices...... NASD Rule 2210(d)(1)(B) Communications with the...

The effect of concentrate allocation on traffic and milk production of pasture-based cows milked by an automatic milking system.

PubMed

Lessire, F; Froidmont, E; Shortall, J; Hornick, J L; Dufrasne, I

2017-11-01

Increased economic, societal and environmental challenges facing agriculture are leading to a greater focus on effective way to combine grazing and automatic milking systems (AMS). One of the fundamental aspects of robotic milking is cows' traffic to the AMS. Numerous studies have identified feed provided, either as fresh grass or concentrate supplement, as the main incentive for cows to return to the robot. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of concentrate allocation on voluntary cow traffic from pasture to the robot during the grazing period, to highlight the interactions between grazed pasture and concentrate allocation in terms of substitution rate and the subsequent effect on average milk yield and composition. Thus, 29 grazing cows, milked by a mobile robot, were monitored for the grazing period (4 months). They were assigned to two groups: a low concentrate (LC) group (15 cows) and a high concentrate (HC) group (14 cows) receiving 2 and 4 kg concentrate/cow per day, respectively; two allocations per day of fresh pasture were provided at 0700 and 1600 h. The cows had to go through the AMS to receive the fresh pasture allocation. The effect of concentrate level on robot visitation was calculated by summing milkings, refusals and failed milkings/cow per day. The impact on average daily milk yield and composition was also determined. The interaction between lactation number and month was used as an indicator of pasture availability. Concentrate allocation increased significantly robot visitations in HC (3.60±0.07 visitations/cow per day in HC and 3.10±0.07 visitations/cow per day in LC; P<0.001) while milkings/cow per day were similar in both groups (LC: 2.37±0.02/day and HC: 2.39±0.02/day; Ns). The average daily milk yield over the grazing period was enhanced in HC (22.39±0.22 kg/cow per day in HC and 21.33±0.22 kg/cow per day in LC; P<0.001). However the gain in milk due to higher concentrate supply was limited with regards to the amount of provided concentrates. Milking frequency in HC primiparous compared with LC was increased. In the context of this study, considering high concentrate levels as an incentive for robot visitation might be questioned, as it had no impact on milking frequency and limited impact on average milk yield and composition. By contrast, increased concentrate supply could be targeted specifically to primiparous cows.

Developing a Web-Based Advisory Expert System for Implementing Traffic Calming Strategies

PubMed Central

Falamarzi, Amir; Borhan, Muhamad Nazri; Rahmat, Riza Atiq O. K.

2014-01-01

Lack of traffic safety has become a serious issue in residential areas. In this paper, a web-based advisory expert system for the purpose of applying traffic calming strategies on residential streets is described because there currently lacks a structured framework for the implementation of such strategies. Developing an expert system can assist and advise engineers for dealing with traffic safety problems. This expert system is developed to fill the gap between the traffic safety experts and people who seek to employ traffic calming strategies including decision makers, engineers, and students. In order to build the expert system, examining sources related to traffic calming studies as well as interviewing with domain experts have been carried out. The system includes above 150 rules and 200 images for different types of measures. The system has three main functions including classifying traffic calming measures, prioritizing traffic calming strategies, and presenting solutions for different traffic safety problems. Verifying, validating processes, and comparing the system with similar works have shown that the system is consistent and acceptable for practical uses. Finally, some recommendations for improving the system are presented. PMID:25276861

Developing a web-based advisory expert system for implementing traffic calming strategies.

PubMed

Falamarzi, Amir; Borhan, Muhamad Nazri; Rahmat, Riza Atiq O K

2014-01-01

Lack of traffic safety has become a serious issue in residential areas. In this paper, a web-based advisory expert system for the purpose of applying traffic calming strategies on residential streets is described because there currently lacks a structured framework for the implementation of such strategies. Developing an expert system can assist and advise engineers for dealing with traffic safety problems. This expert system is developed to fill the gap between the traffic safety experts and people who seek to employ traffic calming strategies including decision makers, engineers, and students. In order to build the expert system, examining sources related to traffic calming studies as well as interviewing with domain experts have been carried out. The system includes above 150 rules and 200 images for different types of measures. The system has three main functions including classifying traffic calming measures, prioritizing traffic calming strategies, and presenting solutions for different traffic safety problems. Verifying, validating processes, and comparing the system with similar works have shown that the system is consistent and acceptable for practical uses. Finally, some recommendations for improving the system are presented.

Studies of vehicle lane-changing dynamics and its effect on traffic efficiency, safety and environmental impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiang; Sun, Jian-Qiao

2017-02-01

Drivers often change lanes on the road to maintain desired speed and to avoid slow vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles and lane closure. Understanding the effect of lane-changing on the traffic is an important topic in designing optimal traffic control systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study of this topic. We review the theory of microscopic dynamic car-following models and the lane-changing models, propose additional lane-changing rules to deal with moving bottleneck and lane reduction, and investigate the effects of lane-changing on the traffic efficiency, traffic safety and fuel consumption as a function of different variables including the distance of the emergency sign ahead of the lane closure, speed limit, traffic density, etc. Extensive simulations of the traffic system have been carried out in different scenarios. A number of important findings of the effect of various factors on the traffic are reported. These findings provide guidance on the traffic management and are important to the designers and engineers of modern highway or inner city roads to achieve high traffic efficiency and safety with minimum environmental impact.