Comprehensibility of traffic signs among urban drivers in Turkey.

PubMed

Kirmizioglu, Erkut; Tuydes-Yaman, Hediye

2012-03-01

Traffic signs are commonly used traffic safety tools, mainly developed to provide crucial information in a short time to support safe drive; but the success depends on their comprehensibility by the drivers. Also, a sudden change in the traditionally used and accepted signs can cause significant safety problem, as in the case of cancellation of red oblique bars in 2004 as a part of the European Union Harmonization Process of Turkey. Having a severe traffic safety problem in Turkey, a need to assess both the comprehensibility of internationally accepted traffic signs and current level of driver education, was the main motivation behind this study. A paper-based survey study in 2009 that reached a sample of 1478 urban drivers in the City of Ankara, focused on the determination of comprehensibility of 30 selected traffic signs, which are commonly used and critical for safety, including two recently changed signs. The meaning of each sign is sought using an open-ended question format to capture different levels and types of comprehensions, which enabled the detection of "opposite" and "partially correct" answers besides "wrong" and "correct" ones. High comprehensibility of 9 control group signs shows the validity of the study. The recently changed signs are among the oppositely associated ones proving the increased risk in traffic safety and need for more aggressive campaigning to publicize them. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

23 CFR 1313.2 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INCENTIVE GRANT CRITERIA FOR ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING PREVENTION PROGRAMS § 1313.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to encourage States to adopt and implement effective programs to reduce traffic safety problems resulting from individuals driving motor...

23 CFR 1313.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... traffic safety problems resulting from individuals driving motor vehicles while under the influence of... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION INCENTIVE GRANT CRITERIA FOR ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING PREVENTION PROGRAMS § 1313.1 Scope. This part establishes criteria, in accordance with 23 U.S.C...

Older drivers, the age factor in traffic safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-02-01

The report presents an overview of the traffic safety problem in relation to the age of the driver. Emphasis is placed on the older drivers. Crash involvement rates are developed for each age group of drivers based on their estimated annual travel. T...

Analysis of stalling problems

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-11-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Office of Defects : Investigation (ODI) collects consumer complaints concerning alleged vehicle safety : defects for the purpose of analyzing and investigating significant problem areas. It a...

Guidelines for deploying connected vehicle-enabled weather responsive traffic management strategies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

State and local Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are interested in providing effective traffic management and operations strategies to mitigate the roadway mobility and safety problems due to adverse weather. Weather Responsive Traffic Management...

Statewide traffic safety study phase II : identification of major traffic safety problem areas in Louisiana [tech summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

Louisianas crash rate is consistently among the highest in the nation, and it imposes signifi cant economic and social : costs on the state. Property damage, lost productivity, medical expenses, and infl ated motor vehicle insurance rates : impose...

Statewide traffic safety study phase II : identification of major traffic safety problem areas in Louisiana.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

This report summarizes a study that seeks to identify the factors leading to the high crash rate experienced on Louisiana highways. Factors were identified by comparing statistics from the Louisiana Crash Database with those from peer states using th...

Traffic safety issues in North Dakota : phase II : driver knowledge, attitude, behavior and beliefs : focus group : young male drivers

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-10-01

Traffic safety is a widespread social concern. Tackling the problem requires understanding the people : who are driving. This includes information about driver behavior, but also about perceptions these drivers : hold regarding their driving. North D...

"Taking the problem to the people": traffic safety from public relations to political theory, 1937-1954.

PubMed

Bernardin, Stève

2015-04-01

The slogan "taking the problem to the people" nicely summarizes U.S. traffic safety campaigns of the 1950s. It refers to the goal of awareness and self-discipline for drivers through education and law enforcement. A detailed analysis of the campaigns, however, shows a subtler objective of the motor interests that promoted it. They wanted to overcome political indifference through a civic mobilization of drivers as citizens, persuading drivers to lobby for traffic control. The analysis of their efforts leads us to question the role-or lack of role-of politicians in scientific and technological controversies.

A Winning Combination: An Alcohol, Other Drug, and Traffic Safety Handbook for College Campuses.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, David, Ed.

This manual addresses the social and legal issues facing college administrators today in dealing with alcohol and other drug problems. It is a guide for colleges and universities to develop individualized alcohol, drug, and traffic safety programs. The first part, entitled "Insights," presents background articles by professionals in higher…

Coordinated pre-preemption of traffic signals to enhance railroad grade crossing safety in urban areas and estimation of train impacts to arterial travel time delay.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

This research project investigated the potential for using advanced features of traffic signal system software platforms : (ATMS.now), prevalent in Florida, to alleviate safety and mobility problems at highway-railroad at-grade crossings and : adjace...

Aviation safety/automation program overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morello, Samuel A.

1990-01-01

The goal is to provide a technology base leading to improved safety of the national airspace system through the development and integration of human-centered automation technologies for aircraft crews and air traffic controllers. Information on the problems, specific objectives, human-automation interaction, intelligent error-tolerant systems, and air traffic control/cockpit integration is given in viewgraph form.

The use of real-time ground-to-air video during aeromedical response to traffic crashes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

Deteriorating traffic conditions and resulting safety problems on I-81 have long been a topic of concern. This, coupled with increasing traffic congestion along this largely four-lane highway, has resulted in increased crash rates. Emergency medical ...

Saving lives in road traffic—ethical aspects

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Aim This article aims at giving an overview of five ethical problem areas relating to traffic safety, thereby providing a general framework for analysing traffic safety from an ethical perspective and encouraging further discussion concerning problems, policies and technology in this area. Subjects and methods The problems presented in the article are criminalisation, paternalism, privacy, justice and responsibility, and the reasons for choosing these are the following. First, they are all important areas in moral philosophy. Second, they are fairly general and it should be possible to categorise more specific problems under these headings. Ethical aspects of road traffic have not received the philosophical attention they deserve. Every year, more than 1 million people die globally in traffic accidents, and 20 to 50 million people are injured. Ninety per cent of the road traffic fatalities occur in low- and middle-income countries, where it is a growing problem. Politics, economics, culture and technology affect the number of fatalities and injuries, and the measures used to combat deaths in traffic as well as the role of road traffic should be ethically scrutinised. The topics are analysed and discussed from a moral-philosophical perspective, and the discussion includes both theory and applications. Results and conclusion The author concludes with some thoughts on how the ethical discussion can be included in the public debate on how to save lives in road traffic. People in industrialised societies are so used to road traffic that it is almost seen as part of nature. Consequently, we do not acknowledge that we can introduce change and that we can affect the role we have given road traffic and cars. By acknowledging the ethical aspects of road traffic and illuminating the way the choices society makes are ethically charged, it becomes clear that there are alternative ways to design the road traffic system. The most important general conclusion is that discussion concerning these alternative ways of designing the system should be encouraged. PMID:21088693

25 CFR 181.5 - How are applications ranked?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... resolution of the identified highway safety problem. (4) The number of traffic accidents occurring within the applicant's jurisdiction over the previous 3 years. (5) The number of alcohol-related traffic accidents occurring within the applicant's jurisdiction over the previous 3 years. (6) The number of reported traffic...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting : effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. : The guide describes major strategies and countermeasures t...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. The guide: describes major strategies and countermeasures that...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. The guide: describes major strategies and countermeasures that...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. The guide: describes major strategies and countermeasures that...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices, fifth edition, 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

This guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting : effective, science-based traffic safety countermeasures for major highway safety problem areas. : The guide: : o describes major strategies and countermeasu...

A Comprehensive Investigation of Visibility Problems on Highways: Developing Real Time Monitoring and Prediction System for Reduced Visibility and Understanding Traffic and Human Factors Implications

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

Visibility is one of the most important impacts weather can have on road systems; weather-related visibility reduction is most often due to fog. Florida is among the top-rated states in the United States with regards to traffic safety problems result...

Highway traffic noise in the United States : problem and response

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

Over the past decade, the Federal Highway Administrations (FHWA) Road Weather Management Program (RWMP) has championed the cause of improving traffic operations and safety during weather events. The programs current emphasis is to encourage age...

Heterogeneity of road traffic accident rate in the Russian cities and the need of usage various methods of transport safety management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrov, A. I.; Petrova, D. A.

2017-10-01

The article considers one of the topical problems of road safety management at the federal level - the problem of the heterogeneity of road traffic accident rate in Russian cities. The article analyzes actual statistical data on road traffic accident rate in the administrative centers of Russia. The histograms of the distribution of the values of two most important road accidents characteristics - Social Risk HR and Severity Rate of Road Accidents - formed in 2016 in administrative centers of Russia are presented. On the basis of the regression model of the statistical connection between Severity Rate of Road Accidents and Social Risk HR, a classification of the Russian cities based on the level of actual road traffic accident rate was developed. On the basis of this classification a differentiated system of priority methods for organizing the safe functioning of transport systems in the cities of Russia is proposed.

Air traffic surveillance and control using hybrid estimation and protocol-based conflict resolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Inseok

The continued growth of air travel and recent advances in new technologies for navigation, surveillance, and communication have led to proposals by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to provide reliable and efficient tools to aid Air Traffic Control (ATC) in performing their tasks. In this dissertation, we address four problems frequently encountered in air traffic surveillance and control; multiple target tracking and identity management, conflict detection, conflict resolution, and safety verification. We develop a set of algorithms and tools to aid ATC; These algorithms have the provable properties of safety, computational efficiency, and convergence. Firstly, we develop a multiple-maneuvering-target tracking and identity management algorithm which can keep track of maneuvering aircraft in noisy environments and of their identities. Secondly, we propose a hybrid probabilistic conflict detection algorithm between multiple aircraft which uses flight mode estimates as well as aircraft current state estimates. Our algorithm is based on hybrid models of aircraft, which incorporate both continuous dynamics and discrete mode switching. Thirdly, we develop an algorithm for multiple (greater than two) aircraft conflict avoidance that is based on a closed-form analytic solution and thus provides guarantees of safety. Finally, we consider the problem of safety verification of control laws for safety critical systems, with application to air traffic control systems. We approach safety verification through reachability analysis, which is a computationally expensive problem. We develop an over-approximate method for reachable set computation using polytopic approximation methods and dynamic optimization. These algorithms may be used either in a fully autonomous way, or as supporting tools to increase controllers' situational awareness and to reduce their work load.

Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems in Air Traffic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamgarpour, Maryam

Growing concerns over the scalability of air traffic operations, air transportation fuel emissions and prices, as well as the advent of communication and sensing technologies motivate improvements to the air traffic management system. To address such improvements, in this thesis a hybrid dynamical model as an abstraction of the air traffic system is considered. Wind and hazardous weather impacts are included using a stochastic model. This thesis focuses on the design of algorithms for verification and control of hybrid and stochastic dynamical systems and the application of these algorithms to air traffic management problems. In the deterministic setting, a numerically efficient algorithm for optimal control of hybrid systems is proposed based on extensions of classical optimal control techniques. This algorithm is applied to optimize the trajectory of an Airbus 320 aircraft in the presence of wind and storms. In the stochastic setting, the verification problem of reaching a target set while avoiding obstacles (reach-avoid) is formulated as a two-player game to account for external agents' influence on system dynamics. The solution approach is applied to air traffic conflict prediction in the presence of stochastic wind. Due to the uncertainty in forecasts of the hazardous weather, and hence the unsafe regions of airspace for aircraft flight, the reach-avoid framework is extended to account for stochastic target and safe sets. This methodology is used to maximize the probability of the safety of aircraft paths through hazardous weather. Finally, the problem of modeling and optimization of arrival air traffic and runway configuration in dense airspace subject to stochastic weather data is addressed. This problem is formulated as a hybrid optimal control problem and is solved with a hierarchical approach that decouples safety and performance. As illustrated with this problem, the large scale of air traffic operations motivates future work on the efficient implementation of the proposed algorithms.

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices : eighth edition : 2015

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

The guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices in selecting effective, evidence- based : countermeasures for traffic safety problem areas. These areas include: : - Alcohol-and Drug-Impaired Driving; : - Seat Belts and Child Res...

Countermeasures that work : a highway safety countermeasure guide for state highway safety offices : seventh edition : 2013

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

The guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, evidence-based countermeasures for traffic safety problem areas. These areas include: : - Alcohol-Impaired and Drugged Driving; : - Seat Belts and C...

How to make selective enforcement work : lessons from completed evaluations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-01-01

Selective enforcement, the practice of targeting specific traffic offenses which figure prominently in the crash problems experienced by a community, is an integral part of practically every traffic safety program. The purpose of this report was to s...

Parental safety concerns and active school commute: correlates across multiple domains in the home-to-school journey

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Empirical evidence of the relationship between safety concerns and walking to school (WTS) is growing. However, current research offers limited understanding of the multiple domains of parental safety concerns and the specific mechanisms through which parents articulate safety concerns about WTS. A more detailed understanding is needed to inform environmental and policy interventions. This study examined the relationships between both traffic safety and personal safety concerns and WTS in the U.S. Methods This cross-sectional analysis examined data from the Texas Childhood Obesity Prevention Policy Evaluation (T-COPPE) project, an evaluation of state-wide obesity prevention policy interventions. All study data were from the survey (n = 830) of parents with 4th grade students attending 81 elementary schools across Texas, and living within two miles from their children's schools. Traffic safety and personal safety concerns were captured for the home neighborhood, en-route to school, and school environments. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess the odds of WTS controlling for significant covariates. Results Overall, 18% of parents reported that their child walked to school on most days of the week. For traffic safety, students were more likely to walk to school if their parent reported favorable perceptions about the following items in the home neighborhood environment: higher sidewalk availability, well maintained sidewalks and safe road crossings. For the route to school, the odds of WTS were higher for those who reported "no problem" with each one of the following: traffic speed, amount of traffic, sidewalks/pathways, intersection/crossing safety, and crossing guards, when compared to those that reported "always a problem". For personal safety in the en-route to school environment, the odds of WTS were lower when parents reported concerns about: stray or dangerous animals and availability of others with whom to walk. Conclusions Findings offered insights into the specific issues that drive safety concerns for elementary school children’s WTS behaviors. The observed associations between more favorable perceptions of safety and WTS provide further justification for practical intervention strategies to reduce WTS barriers that can potentially bring long-term physical activity and health benefits to school-aged children. PMID:24602213

Strategy research of harbin city green transport and sustainable development from low carbon ecological perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiang, Wang; Xiao-jie, Qi

2017-04-01

With quick development of urbanization and mechanization, there exist some problems in the cities, such as traffic jam, traffic safety, and traffic pollution and so on. It is extremely urgent for the city to develop green transport, in order to relieve these problems and push forward low carbon ecological construction in Harbin. Strategy research of Harbin city green transport and sustainable development is done from the eight aspects of building public transport system of integration, bicycle, walking, and slow-moving system and so on based on analyzing demands of low carbon ecology on city green transport development, and Harbin traffic development state.

Evaluation of US 119 Pine Mountain safety improvements : interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-10-01

The safety improvement project for a section of US 119 across Pine Mountain in Letcher County was initiated as an interim effort to address safety issues related t o roadway geometrics and specific problems related to truck traffic. : Specific object...

NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Problems in briefing of relief by air traffic controllers are discussed, including problems that arise when duty positions are changed by controllers. Altimeter reading and setting errors as factors in aviation safety are discussed, including problems associated with altitude-including instruments. A sample of reports from pilots and controllers is included, covering the topics of ATIS broadcasts an clearance readback problems. A selection of Alert Bulletins, with their responses, is included.

Substance use and social, health and safety-related factors among fatally injured drivers.

PubMed

Karjalainen, Karoliina; Blencowe, Tom; Lillsunde, Pirjo

2012-03-01

The aim of this study was to examine different socio-demographic, health and safety-related factors, and psychoactive substance use among fatally injured drivers in road traffic accidents in Finland during 2006-2008. An accident information register maintained by the Traffic Safety Committee of Insurance Companies (VALT) of the Finnish Motor Insurers' Centre was used as basic data, and the basic data were complemented with further toxicological analytical information retrieved from autopsy reports from the Department of Forensic Medicine, Helsinki University. The data included all the drivers (n=556) who were driving a motor vehicle and who died in a road traffic accident in Finland during 2006-2008. Of all the 556 fatally injured drivers 43% (n=238) had psychoactive substance findings. 51% (n=121) of substance positive drivers had a finding for alcohol only, the rest had a finding for one or more illicit/medicinal drugs impairing driving ability, and possibly also alcohol. Fatally injured drivers with alcohol findings were significantly younger (mean age 34 years) than sober drivers (mean age 44 years) or drivers with findings for drugs (mean age 45 years). Socio-demographic background did not differ substantially among drunken/drugged and sober drivers, although drivers with alcohol findings had a slightly lower education and socioeconomic position. Previous substance abuse problems were highly prevalent among drivers with substance findings and mental or both mental and physical health problems were more common among drivers with drug findings. The non-use of safety equipment and driving at a high speed were more common among fatally injured drivers with substance findings. Substance abuse and mental health problems, as well as reckless driving behavior were more pronounced among fatally injured drivers with substance findings when compared to sober drivers. Thus, prevention and early intervention concerning substance abuse, mental health problems and DUI are essential. Improved traffic safety cannot be achieved by means of traffic policy only, but integration with other policies, such as health and social policy should be strengthened. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

NASA aviation safety reporting system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Aviation safety reports that relate to loss of control in flight, problems that occur as a result of similar sounding alphanumerics, and pilot incapacitation are presented. Problems related to the go around maneuver in air carrier operations, and bulletins (and FAA responses to them) that pertain to air traffic control systems and procedures are included.

Safety of vulnerable road users

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-08-07

This report presents a review of the current safety situation of vulnerable road users in OECD Member countries. Industrialized societies are aware of the environmental problems generated by motorized traffic in cities and encourage the development o...

Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems

PubMed Central

Guerrero-Ibáñez, Juan; Zeadally, Sherali

2018-01-01

Modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems, including but not limited to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. Information communication technologies have gained increasing attention and importance in modern transportation systems. Automotive manufacturers are developing in-vehicle sensors and their applications in different areas including safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Government institutions are implementing roadside infrastructures such as cameras and sensors to collect data about environmental and traffic conditions. By seamlessly integrating vehicles and sensing devices, their sensing and communication capabilities can be leveraged to achieve smart and intelligent transportation systems. We discuss how sensor technology can be integrated with the transportation infrastructure to achieve a sustainable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and how safety, traffic control and infotainment applications can benefit from multiple sensors deployed in different elements of an ITS. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enable a fully operational and cooperative ITS environment. PMID:29659524

Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems.

PubMed

Guerrero-Ibáñez, Juan; Zeadally, Sherali; Contreras-Castillo, Juan

2018-04-16

Modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems, including but not limited to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. Information communication technologies have gained increasing attention and importance in modern transportation systems. Automotive manufacturers are developing in-vehicle sensors and their applications in different areas including safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Government institutions are implementing roadside infrastructures such as cameras and sensors to collect data about environmental and traffic conditions. By seamlessly integrating vehicles and sensing devices, their sensing and communication capabilities can be leveraged to achieve smart and intelligent transportation systems. We discuss how sensor technology can be integrated with the transportation infrastructure to achieve a sustainable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and how safety, traffic control and infotainment applications can benefit from multiple sensors deployed in different elements of an ITS. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enable a fully operational and cooperative ITS environment.

Implementation plan and cost analysis for Oregon's online crash reporting system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-07-01

Federal, state and local transportation agencies, law enforcement, the legislature, consulting firms, safety advocates and the : public use crash data to quantify emerging traffic safety issues and problems, determine priorities, support decision-mak...

Road traffic injuries in Colombia.

PubMed

Rodríguez, Deysi Yasmin; Fernández, Francisco José; Acero Velásquez, Hugo

2003-01-01

Road traffic injuries are a leading public health problem in Colombia. Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users, especially in the main urban centers of Bogotá, Medellin and Cali. Data analyzed in this report include official statistics from the National Police and the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences for 1996-2000, and results of a study conducted at the National University of Colombia in 2000. Methods from the Highway Capacity Manual were used for determining physical and technical variables, and a Geographical Information System tool was used for the location and spatial analysis of the road traffic crashes. Pedestrians accounted for close to 32% of injuries and 40% of the deaths from road traffic crashes. The problem of road traffic crashes existed predominately in urban areas. In the main urban centers, pedestrians constituted nearly 68% of road traffic crash victims. The high level of risky road use behaviors demonstrated by pedestrians and drivers, and inadequate infrastructure for safe mobility of pedestrians in some sections of the road network were the main contributing factors. Major improvements were achieved in Bogotá following enhancements to the municipal transport system and other policies introduced since 1995. In conclusion, policies and programs for improving road safety, in particular pedestrian safety, and strengthening urban planning are top priority.

Modeling and analyzing traffic safety perceptions: An application to the speed limit reduction pilot project in Edmonton, Alberta.

PubMed

El-Basyouny, Karim; El-Bassiouni, Mohamed Yahia

2013-03-01

To address the speeding problem in residential areas, the City of Edmonton initiated a pilot project to reduce the posted speed limit from 50km/h to 40km/h within six residential communities. This paper investigates the community perceptions of traffic safety within the six pilot communities in two phases: prior to project initiation (pre-pilot) and following the end of the project (post-pilot). This objective was accomplished by analyzing the results of two random dialing telephone surveys comprising 300 residents each. A preliminary analysis showed compatible demographic configurations for the two samples and confirmed that the residents were aware of both the posted speed limits and the adopted speed management controls. For the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), a two-group (pre-pilot and post-pilot) three-factor model was used to assess the residents' perceptions of the speeding behavior (Speeding), their concerns about traffic safety issues (Concerns), and their perceptions of traffic safety (Safety). Comparing the CFA results of the post-pilot survey versus those of the pre-pilot survey, it was evident that there was a significant decrease in Speeding and Concerns accompanied by a significant increase in Safety. A structural equations model (SEM) was also fitted to the data in order to assess the impact of Speeding and Concerns on Safety. The results showed that Concerns increase significantly with Speeding, and that both factors have significant negative impacts on Safety. However, while the impact of Concerns on Safety was direct, that of Speeding on Safety was largely indirect (i.e., mediated through Concerns). Overall, the multivariate analysis has demonstrated that the pilot project was successful in improving the residents' perceptions of traffic safety in their community. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of the impact of low cost traffic engineering measures on road safety in urban areas.

PubMed

Yannis, George; Kondyli, Alexandra; Georgopoulou, Xenia

2014-01-01

This paper investigates the impact of low cost traffic engineering measures (LCTEMs) on the improvement of road safety in urban areas. A number of such measures were considered, such as speed humps, woonerfs, raised intersections and other traffic calming measures, which have been implemented on one-way, one-lane roads in the Municipality of Neo Psychiko in the Greater Athens Area. Data were analysed using the before-and-after safety analysis methodology with large control group. The selected control group comprised of two Municipalities in the Athens Greater Area, which present similar road network and land use characteristics with the area considered. The application of the methodology showed that the total number of crashes presented a statistically significant reduction, which can be possibly attributed to the introduction of LCTEMs. This reduction concerns passenger cars and single-vehicle crashes and is possibly due to the behavioural improvement of drivers of 25 years old or more. The results of this research are very useful for the identification of the appropriate low cost traffic engineering countermeasures for road safety problems in urban areas.

Drug use and highway safety : a review of the literature

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-07-01

This report reviews the research literature concerning several aspects of drug use as it relates to traffic safety. Some of the topics covered include the effects of drugs, types of drug users; research problems in assessing risk; laboratory findings...

Alcohol & highway safety laws : a national overview.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-02-01

The problems associated with alcohol and highway safety laws can be measured statistically in terms of the number of traffic deaths per day across the nation, or financially in terms of the billions of dollars in lost income from death and disability...

The mobility and safety of walk-and-ride systems.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-03-01

In this project we investigate the effect of traffic calming measures, such as crosswalks and sidewalks on the overall cost and safety of a multimodal transportation network system design. Our design problem includes auto, transit, and walking as mod...

Comprehensive Engineering Approach to Achieving Safe Neighborhoods.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-09-01

Steady increases in travel demand coupled with minimal increases in arterial street capacity have led to an increase in traffic-related safety problems in residential neighborhoods. These problems stem from the significant number of motorists that di...

A Simulator Study of Deepwater Port Shiphandling and Navigation Problems in Poor Visibility.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

CONNECTICUT 06350 ofTIA JANUARY 1981 FINAL REPORT Document Is available to the U.S. public through the National Technical Information Service , Springfield... Service port, offshore port, inshore port, Gulf of Springfield, VA 22161 Mexico port, port approach, port navigation, port safety, navigation hazard...additional fairway traffic had been present it ,vould have bec:n handled safely. Traffic separation schemes and a traffic advisory service for deepwater

QUESTION--WHAT MAKES A SCHOOL SITE SAFE. ANSWER--DEFINITE PLANNING.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GEORGE, N.L.; GILLILAND, LONNIE, SR.

TWO STAFF MEMBERS FROM A SYSTEM OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS, THE ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT, AND THE DIRECTOR OF SAFETY EDUCATION DISCUSSED THE PROBLEMS OF TRAFFIC SAFETY ON AND AROUND THE SCHOOL SITE. FACTORS WHICH WERE CONSIDERED INCLUDE--(1) SCHOOL SITE AND BUILDING LOCATION, (2) SAFETY REQUIREMENTS, PRACTICES AND PRINCIPLES, (3) SIDEWALK DESIGN AND…

23 CFR 1251.4 - Functions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Functions. 1251.4 Section 1251.4 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Program Manual (23 CFR 1204.4, Supplement B), based on evaluation of highway accidents and safety problems...

Improving pedestrian facilities in congested urban areas: a case study of Chennai city

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Subramanyam, B.; Prasanna Kumar, R.

2017-07-01

Traffic congestion and lack of public pedestrian space are some problems faced by most urban metropolises. Conventionally walking has been a mode of transportation in Indian cities. The percentage of pedestrians may vary from 16 to 57 depending upon the city. Encounters between vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic are at its rise currently. Rapid industrialization and urbanization in India has resulted in neglecting of pedestrian facilities. Consequently pedestrian are at greater risk for their safety more especially in the commercial zones of large cities. A change in perspective spotlight will create a sense of awareness that the pedestrian traffic is also vital as the vehicular traffic. Soothing the traffic would moderately cut the driving expediency but the pedestrians will get a much safer and peaceful route to their terminuses. Safety and comfort are the two pans of a balance while considering the pedestrian traffic. Considering these aspects, this study deals a study in improving pedestrian facilities by analysing the existing skeleton of the selected locations. The adequacy of facility is checked based on IRC latest guidelines and counteractive measures are postulated.

Global status report on road safety : time for action

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

The Global status report on road safety reaffirms our understanding of road traffic injuries as a global health and development problem. More than 1.2 million people die on the world's road every year, and as many as 50 million others are injured. Ov...

A Report on Traffic Safety and Montana's Children. 1999 Montana Special Report No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies--The Montana Coalition, Helena.

This brief Kids Count report looks at major problems, available data, and some solutions for Montana's children as passengers in and drivers of vehicles on Montana's roads and highways. The report also presents information about adults' roles and responsibilities for preventing traffic accidents and protecting children. Facts presented in the…

Bicycles in Traffic. A North Carolina Driver Education Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC.

This unit is designed to provide driver educators with information for teaching automobile drivers about the traffic-mix problem between bicycles and motor vehicles on roadways. The purpose of the unit is to improve the safety of bicyclists on North Carolina highways and help to decrease the number of bicycle deaths and injuries caused by traffic…

A CORE PROBLEM ON SAFETY, TEACHING CORE.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LONG, SADIE

A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT MOTIVATED A GROUP OF EIGHTH-GRADE CIVICS STUDENTS TO FORM DIFFERENT COMMITTEES TO OBTAIN A TRAFFIC GUARD FOR THEIR SCHOOL. COMMITTEES WERE FORMED TO CONTACT THE POLICE DEPARTMENT BY LETTER AND INTERVIEW, TO TAKE PICTURES OF THE STREET CORNER AND MAKE CHARTS SHOWING ITS DANGER, TO DO RESEARCH ON CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS,…

[Traffic accidents: a qualitative approach from Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil].

PubMed

Queiroz, Marcos S; Oliveira, Patrícia C P

2002-01-01

This article takes an interdisciplinary qualitative approach to the problem of traffic accidents in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. The authors begin by analyzing the "municipalization" (i.e., decentralization to the municipal level) of transport and traffic management in Campinas based on social representations by members of the local government's technical staff. Data demonstrate a significant drop in traffic accident mortality in Campinas in the last ten years. The findings illustrate how new transport and traffic policies had several positive effects. Special attention is given to the objectives, strategies, and obstacles dealt with by local government in the "municipalization" of traffic. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for specific public policies to revitalize urban mass transportation, including special traffic safety educational programs.

Transporting Your Children Safely: Traffic Safety Tips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This fact sheet from NHTSA Facts: Summer 1996 discusses the use of child safety seats in cars. It describes the proper use of the seats, how to select one that fits both your child and the car, and lists problems to avoid. It mentions where to place ...

Court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Volume 2, Supplemental readings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-06-01

HSRI, under Contract FH-11-7615 with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), developed, during 1970 and 1971, a set of procedures for identifying problem drinkers. They were intended for use in a court setting, such as a pre-sente...

Court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Volume 1, Manual

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-06-01

HSRI, under Contract FH-11-7615 with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), developed, during 1970 and 1971, a set of procedures for identifying problem drinkers. They were intended for use in a court setting, such as a pre-sente...

Court procedures for identifying problem drinkers. Volume 3, Scoring keys

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1971-06-01

HSRI, under Contract FH-11-7615 with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), developed, during 1970 and 1971, a set of procedures for identifying problem drinkers. They were intended for use in court setting, such as a pre-sentenc...

Traumatology of the traffic accident--dead people for the safety in traffic.

PubMed

Mattern, R; Schueler, F; Kallieris, D

2004-09-10

Since 1970, traumatomechanics has been a focal point in research at the Institute for Legal Medicine and Traffic Medicine in Heidelberg. Here, the main topics are the understanding of the interrelation between mechanical strain and the resulting degree of injury; at the forefront of all interest is the determination of the mechanical resilience in humans, their organs and tissues. Important are not only the means, but likewise the individual strain tolerance and the causes for its variability. Their understanding leads to scientifically justifiable expert's reports. In safety research, these data are of major importance for the validation of crash-dummies and for the improvement of safety protection systems. Before this background, national and international institutions have supported numerous projects. With the help of 2 examples, the Thorax-Trauma-Index (TTI) and the synergy between safety belt and airbag, the relevance of these data for international regulatory provisions and the progress in safety practice are illustrated. Some traumatomechanical insights can only be gathered from human corpses. Legal prerequisites and ethical problems of experiments with corpses are discussed.

Perceptions, Attitudes, Motivations, and Behaviors of Drivers 18 to 22 Years Old.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basch, Charles E.; And Others

Young people are open to traffic accidents because of their age, their attitude, their lack of experience, and their tendency for risk-taking. This study sought an answer to the question of what are the perceptions, attitudes, feelings, and self-reported behaviors of young people that lead to traffic safety problems and/or interfere with their…

Alcohol and highway safety : screening and brief intervention for alcohol problems as a community approach to improving traffic safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-09-01

Only a small fraction of the impaired drivers who are at risk for alcohol-impaired-driving crashes are arrested. These include drivers who drink regularly or occasionally to intoxication before they drive. Researchers have estimated the probability o...

Cognitive process modelling of controllers in en route air traffic control.

PubMed

Inoue, Satoru; Furuta, Kazuo; Nakata, Keiichi; Kanno, Taro; Aoyama, Hisae; Brown, Mark

2012-01-01

In recent years, various efforts have been made in air traffic control (ATC) to maintain traffic safety and efficiency in the face of increasing air traffic demands. ATC is a complex process that depends to a large degree on human capabilities, and so understanding how controllers carry out their tasks is an important issue in the design and development of ATC systems. In particular, the human factor is considered to be a serious problem in ATC safety and has been identified as a causal factor in both major and minor incidents. There is, therefore, a need to analyse the mechanisms by which errors occur due to complex factors and to develop systems that can deal with these errors. From the cognitive process perspective, it is essential that system developers have an understanding of the more complex working processes that involve the cooperative work of multiple controllers. Distributed cognition is a methodological framework for analysing cognitive processes that span multiple actors mediated by technology. In this research, we attempt to analyse and model interactions that take place in en route ATC systems based on distributed cognition. We examine the functional problems in an ATC system from a human factors perspective, and conclude by identifying certain measures by which to address these problems. This research focuses on the analysis of air traffic controllers' tasks for en route ATC and modelling controllers' cognitive processes. This research focuses on an experimental study to gain a better understanding of controllers' cognitive processes in air traffic control. We conducted ethnographic observations and then analysed the data to develop a model of controllers' cognitive process. This analysis revealed that strategic routines are applicable to decision making.

A longitudinal study of an intervention to improve road safety climate: climate as an organizational boundary spanner.

PubMed

Naveh, Eitan; Katz-Navon, Tal

2015-01-01

This study presents and tests an intervention to enhance organizational climate and expands existing conceptualization of organizational climate to include its influence on employee behaviors outside the organization's physical boundaries. In addition, by integrating the literatures of climate and work-family interface, the study explored climate spillover and crossover from work to the home domain. Focusing on an applied practical problem within organizations, we investigated the example of road safety climate and employees' and their families' driving, using a longitudinal study design of road safety intervention versus control groups. Results demonstrated that the intervention increased road safety climate and decreased the number of traffic violation tickets and that road safety climate mediated the relationship between the intervention and the number of traffic violation tickets. Road safety climate spilled over to the family domain but did not cross over to influence family members' driving. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

Alternative Architectures for Distributed Cooperative Problem-Solving in the National Airspace System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Phillip J.; Billings, Charles; McCoy, C. Elaine; Orasanu, Judith

1999-01-01

The air traffic management system in the United States is an example of a distributed problem solving system. It has elements of both cooperative and competitive problem-solving. This system includes complex organizations such as Airline Operations Centers (AOCs), the FAA Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center (ATCSCC), and traffic management units (TMUs) at enroute centers and TRACONs, all of which have a major focus on strategic decision-making. It also includes individuals concerned more with tactical decisions (such as air traffic controllers and pilots). The architecture for this system has evolved over time to rely heavily on the distribution of tasks and control authority in order to keep cognitive complexity manageable for any one individual operator, and to provide redundancy (both human and technological) to serve as a safety net to catch the slips or mistakes that any one person or entity might make. Currently, major changes are being considered for this architecture, especially with respect to the locus of control, in an effort to improve efficiency and safety. This paper uses a series of case studies to help evaluate some of these changes from the perspective of system complexity, and to point out possible alternative approaches that might be taken to improve system performance. The paper illustrates the need to maintain a clear understanding of what is required to assure a high level of performance when alternative system architectures and decompositions are developed.

55+ Drivers: Needs and Problems of Older Drivers: Survey Results and Recommendations. Proceedings of the Older Driver Colloquium (Orlando, Florida, February 4-7, 1985).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malfetti, James L., Ed.

These proceedings include 11 background papers that were presented by a panel of authorities in traffic safety and/or gerontology who were professionally concerned with older drivers and pedestrians. Papers focus on the needs and problems of older drivers and on what can and should be done to deal with them. Recommendations to improve safety for…

Validating a driving simulator using surrogate safety measures.

PubMed

Yan, Xuedong; Abdel-Aty, Mohamed; Radwan, Essam; Wang, Xuesong; Chilakapati, Praveen

2008-01-01

Traffic crash statistics and previous research have shown an increased risk of traffic crashes at signalized intersections. How to diagnose safety problems and develop effective countermeasures to reduce crash rate at intersections is a key task for traffic engineers and researchers. This study aims at investigating whether the driving simulator can be used as a valid tool to assess traffic safety at signalized intersections. In support of the research objective, this simulator validity study was conducted from two perspectives, a traffic parameter (speed) and a safety parameter (crash history). A signalized intersection with as many important features (including roadway geometries, traffic control devices, intersection surroundings, and buildings) was replicated into a high-fidelity driving simulator. A driving simulator experiment with eight scenarios at the intersection were conducted to determine if the subjects' speed behavior and traffic risk patterns in the driving simulator were similar to what were found at the real intersection. The experiment results showed that speed data observed from the field and in the simulator experiment both follow normal distributions and have equal means for each intersection approach, which validated the driving simulator in absolute terms. Furthermore, this study used an innovative approach of using surrogate safety measures from the simulator to contrast with the crash analysis for the field data. The simulator experiment results indicated that compared to the right-turn lane with the low rear-end crash history record (2 crashes), subjects showed a series of more risky behaviors at the right-turn lane with the high rear-end crash history record (16 crashes), including higher deceleration rate (1.80+/-1.20 m/s(2) versus 0.80+/-0.65 m/s(2)), higher non-stop right-turn rate on red (81.67% versus 57.63%), higher right-turn speed as stop line (18.38+/-8.90 km/h versus 14.68+/-6.04 km/h), shorter following distance (30.19+/-13.43 m versus 35.58+/-13.41 m), and higher rear-end probability (9/59=0.153 versus 2/60=0.033). Therefore, the relative validity of driving simulator was well established for the traffic safety studies at signalized intersections.

Analysis of general aviation single-pilot IFR incident data obtained from the NASA aviation safety reporting system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergeron, H. P.

1980-01-01

Data obtained from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) data base were used to determine problems in general aviation single pilot IFR operations. The data examined consisted of incident reports involving flight safety in the National Aviation System. Only those incidents involving general aviation fixed wing aircraft flying under IFR in instrument meteorological conditions were analyzed. The data were cataloged into one of five major problem areas: (1) controller judgement and response problems; (2) pilot judgement and response problems; (3) air traffic control intrafacility and interfacility conflicts; (4) ATC and pilot communications problems; and (5) IFR-VFR conflicts. The significance of the related problems, and the various underlying elements associated with each are discussed. Previous ASRS reports covering several areas of analysis are reviewed.

Proceedings of the Sixth NASA Langley Formal Methods (LFM) Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rozier, Kristin Yvonne (Editor)

2008-01-01

Today's verification techniques are hard-pressed to scale with the ever-increasing complexity of safety critical systems. Within the field of aeronautics alone, we find the need for verification of algorithms for separation assurance, air traffic control, auto-pilot, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), adaptive avionics, automated decision authority, and much more. Recent advances in formal methods have made verifying more of these problems realistic. Thus we need to continually re-assess what we can solve now and identify the next barriers to overcome. Only through an exchange of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners from academia to industry can we extend formal methods for the verification of ever more challenging problem domains. This volume contains the extended abstracts of the talks presented at LFM 2008: The Sixth NASA Langley Formal Methods Workshop held on April 30 - May 2, 2008 in Newport News, Virginia, USA. The topics of interest that were listed in the call for abstracts were: advances in formal verification techniques; formal models of distributed computing; planning and scheduling; automated air traffic management; fault tolerance; hybrid systems/hybrid automata; embedded systems; safety critical applications; safety cases; accident/safety analysis.

Cross-comparison of three surrogate safety methods to diagnose cyclist safety problems at intersections in Norway.

PubMed

Laureshyn, Aliaksei; Goede, Maartje de; Saunier, Nicolas; Fyhri, Aslak

2017-08-01

Relying on accident records as the main data source for studying cyclists' safety has many drawbacks, such as high degree of under-reporting, the lack of accident details and particularly of information about the interaction processes that led to the accident. It is also an ethical problem as one has to wait for accidents to happen in order to make a statement about cyclists' (un-)safety. In this perspective, the use of surrogate safety measures based on actual observations in traffic is very promising. In this study we used video data from three intersections in Norway that were all independently analysed using three methods: the Swedish traffic conflict technique (Swedish TCT), the Dutch conflict technique (DOCTOR) and the probabilistic surrogate measures of safety (PSMS) technique developed in Canada. The first two methods are based on manual detection and counting of critical events in traffic (traffic conflicts), while the third considers probabilities of multiple trajectories for each interaction and delivers a density map of potential collision points per site. Due to extensive use of microscopic data, PSMS technique relies heavily on automated tracking of the road users in video. Across the three sites, the methods show similarities or are at least "compatible" with the accident records. The two conflict techniques agree quite well for the number, type and location of conflicts, but some differences with no obvious explanation are also found. PSMS reports many more safety-relevant interactions including less severe events. The location of the potential collision points is compatible with what the conflict techniques suggest, but the possibly significant share of false alarms due to inaccurate trajectories extracted from video complicates the comparison. The tested techniques still require enhancement, with respect to better adjustment to analysis of the situations involving cyclists (and vulnerable road users in general) and further validation. However, we believe this to be a future direction for the road safety analysis as the number of accidents is constantly decreasing and the quality of accident data does not seem to improve. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

23 CFR 1200.11 - Contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 402 program. (g) Teen Traffic Safety Program. If the State elects to include the Teen Traffic Safety... of the Teen Traffic Safety Program—a statewide program to improve traffic safety for teen drivers—and...

23 CFR 1200.11 - Contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 402 program. (g) Teen Traffic Safety Program. If the State elects to include the Teen Traffic Safety... of the Teen Traffic Safety Program—a statewide program to improve traffic safety for teen drivers—and...

Nondestructive Testing System for Retreads

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-11-01

An important problem in retreading tires is the assurance of a satisfactory casing. Since 1972 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has had under development an air-coupled through-transmission ultrasonic inspection system for finding a...

Geospatial and machine learning techniques for wicked social science problems: analysis of crash severity on a regional highway corridor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Effati, Meysam; Thill, Jean-Claude; Shabani, Shahin

2015-04-01

The contention of this paper is that many social science research problems are too "wicked" to be suitably studied using conventional statistical and regression-based methods of data analysis. This paper argues that an integrated geospatial approach based on methods of machine learning is well suited to this purpose. Recognizing the intrinsic wickedness of traffic safety issues, such approach is used to unravel the complexity of traffic crash severity on highway corridors as an example of such problems. The support vector machine (SVM) and coactive neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) algorithms are tested as inferential engines to predict crash severity and uncover spatial and non-spatial factors that systematically relate to crash severity, while a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine the relative influence of crash severity factors. Different specifications of the two methods are implemented, trained, and evaluated against crash events recorded over a 4-year period on a regional highway corridor in Northern Iran. Overall, the SVM model outperforms CANFIS by a notable margin. The combined use of spatial analysis and artificial intelligence is effective at identifying leading factors of crash severity, while explicitly accounting for spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity effects. Thanks to the demonstrated effectiveness of a sensitivity analysis, this approach produces comprehensive results that are consistent with existing traffic safety theories and supports the prioritization of effective safety measures that are geographically targeted and behaviorally sound on regional highway corridors.

An assessment of traffic safety culture related to engagement efforts to improve traffic safety : research programs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

The Center for Health and Safety Culture at Montana State University developed a survey to investigate the traffic safety culture related to engagement in traffic safety citizenship behaviors. The development of the survey was based on an augmented f...

Signal treatments to reduce heavy vehicle crash-risk at metropolitan highway intersections.

PubMed

Archer, Jeffery; Young, William

2009-05-01

Heavy vehicle red-light running at intersections is a common safety problem that has severe consequences. This paper investigates alternative signal treatments that address this issue. A micro-simulation analysis approach was adopted as a precursor to a field trial. The simulation model emulated traffic conditions at a known problem intersection and provided a baseline measure to compare the effects of: an extension of amber time; an extension of green for heavy vehicles detected in the dilemma zone at the onset of amber; an extension of the all-red safety-clearance time based on the detection of vehicles considered likely to run the red light at two detector locations during amber; an extension of the all-red safety-clearance time based on the detection of potential red-light runners during amber or red; and a combination of the second and fourth alternatives. Results suggested safety improvements for all treatments. An extension of amber provided the best safety effect but is known to be prone to behavioural adaptation effects and wastes traffic movement time unnecessarily. A green extension for heavy vehicles detected in the dilemma zone and an all-red extension for potential red-light runners were deemed to provide a sustainable safety improvement and operational efficiency.

Strategies to reduce driving under the influence of alcohol.

PubMed

DeJong, W; Hingson, R

1998-01-01

The purpose of this review is to update research on the prevention of alcohol-related traffic deaths since the 1988 Surgeon General's Workshop on Drunk Driving. Four primary areas of research are reviewed here: (a) general deterrence policies, (b) alcohol control policies, (c) mass communications campaigns, including advertising restrictions, and (d) community traffic safety programs. Modern efforts to combat drunk driving in the United States began with specific deterrence strategies to punish convicted drunk drivers, and then evolved to include general deterrence strategies that were targeted to the population as a whole. Efforts next expanded to include the alcohol side of the problem, with measures installed to decrease underage drinking and excessive alcohol consumption. In the next several years, greater efforts are needed on all these fronts. Also needed, however, are programs that integrate drunk driving prevention with other traffic safety initiatives.

Aviation Acquisition: A Comprehensive Strategy Is Needed for Cultural Change at FAA

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-22

The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) timely acquisition of new air : traffic control equipment has become increasingly critical for aviation safety : and efficiency. However, persistent acquisition problems raise questions about : the agency's...

Elderly driver retraining

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-09-01

This report documents a study of the traffic safety problems associated with elderly drivers. For the purposes of this study, "elderly drivers" are defined as drivers aged 55 years or older. The study involved five major activities. First, research w...

[Rules of the International Air Traffic Association and problems of transporting disabled passengers by commercial airlines].

PubMed

La Verde, R; Manai, A

1983-08-25

The IATA regulations on the scheduled flight transportation of sick passengers is presented and the problems involved illustrated. Among other recommendations it is suggested that collaboration with the patients' doctors in filling up the MEDIF form is essential for the sick passenger's comfort and safety.

A hierarchical framework for air traffic control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Kaushik

Air travel in recent years has been plagued by record delays, with over $8 billion in direct operating costs being attributed to 100 million flight delay minutes in 2007. Major contributing factors to delay include weather, congestion, and aging infrastructure; the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) aims to alleviate these delays through an upgrade of the air traffic control system. Changes to large-scale networked systems such as air traffic control are complicated by the need for coordinated solutions over disparate temporal and spatial scales. Individual air traffic controllers must ensure aircraft maintain safe separation locally with a time horizon of seconds to minutes, whereas regional plans are formulated to efficiently route flows of aircraft around weather and congestion on the order of every hour. More efficient control algorithms that provide a coordinated solution are required to safely handle a larger number of aircraft in a fixed amount of airspace. Improved estimation algorithms are also needed to provide accurate aircraft state information and situational awareness for human controllers. A hierarchical framework is developed to simultaneously solve the sometimes conflicting goals of regional efficiency and local safety. Careful attention is given in defining the interactions between the layers of this hierarchy. In this way, solutions to individual air traffic problems can be targeted and implemented as needed. First, the regional traffic flow management problem is posed as an optimization problem and shown to be NP-Hard. Approximation methods based on aggregate flow models are developed to enable real-time implementation of algorithms that reduce the impact of congestion and adverse weather. Second, the local trajectory design problem is solved using a novel slot-based sector model. This model is used to analyze sector capacity under varying traffic patterns, providing a more comprehensive understanding of how increased automation in NextGen will affect the overall performance of air traffic control. The dissertation also provides solutions to several key estimation problems that support corresponding control tasks. Throughout the development of these estimation algorithms, aircraft motion is modeled using hybrid systems, which encapsulate both the discrete flight mode of an aircraft and the evolution of continuous states such as position and velocity. The target-tracking problem is posed as one of hybrid state estimation, and two new algorithms are developed to exploit structure specific to aircraft motion, especially near airports. First, discrete mode evolution is modeled using state-dependent transitions, in which the likelihood of changing flight modes is dependent on aircraft state. Second, an estimator is designed for systems with limited mode changes, including arrival aircraft. Improved target tracking facilitates increased safety in collision avoidance and trajectory design problems. A multiple-target tracking and identity management algorithm is developed to improve situational awareness for controllers about multiple maneuvering targets in a congested region. Finally, tracking algorithms are extended to predict aircraft landing times; estimated time of arrival prediction is one example of important decision support information for air traffic control.

Safety evaluation of right-turn smart channels using automated traffic conflict analysis.

PubMed

Autey, Jarvis; Sayed, Tarek; Zaki, Mohamed H

2012-03-01

This paper presents the results of a before-after (BA) safety evaluation of a newly proposed design for channelized right-turn lanes. The new design, termed "Smart Channels", decreases the angle of the channelized right turn to approximately 70°. The implementation of these modified right-turn channels is usually advocated to allow for safer pedestrian crossing. However, the benefits also extend to vehicle-vehicle interactions since the new approach angle affords drivers a better view of the traffic stream they are to merge with. The evaluation is conducted using a video-based automated traffic conflict analysis. There are several advantages that support the adoption of traffic conflict techniques in BA safety studies. Traffic conflicts are more frequent than road collisions and are of marginal social cost, they provide insight into the failure mechanism that leads to road collisions, and BA studies based on traffic conflicts can be conducted over shorter periods. As well, the use of automated conflict analysis overcomes the reliability and repeatability problems usually associated with manual conflict observations. Data for three treatment intersections and one control intersection in Penticton, British Columbia, are used in this study. The results of the evaluation show that the implementation of the right-turn treatment has resulted in a considerable reduction in the severity and frequency of merging, rear-end, and total conflicts. The total average hourly conflict was reduced by about 51% while the average conflict severity was reduced by 41%. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic accidents on expressways: new threat to China.

PubMed

Zhao, Jinbao; Deng, Wei

2012-01-01

As China is building one of the largest expressway systems in the world, expressway safety problems have become serious concerns to China. This article analyzed the trends in expressway accidents in China from 1995 to 2010 and examined the characteristics of these accidents. Expressway accident data were obtained from the Annual Report for Road Traffic Accidents published by the Ministry of Public Security of China. Expressway mileage data were obtained from the National Statistics Yearbook published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted based on these data. Expressway deaths increased by 10.2-fold from 616 persons in 1995 to 6300 persons in 2010, and the average annual increase was 17.9 percent over the past 15 years, and the overall other road traffic deaths was -0.33 percent. China's expressway mileage accounted for only 1.85 percent of highway mileage driven in 2010, but expressway deaths made up 13.54 percent of highway traffic deaths. The average annual accident lethality rate [accident deaths/(accident deaths + accident injuries)] for China's expressways was 27.76 percent during the period 1995 to 2010, which was 1.33 times higher than the accident lethality rate of highway traffic accidents. China's government should pay attention to expressway construction and safety interventions during the rapid development period of expressways. Related causes, such as geographic patterns, speeding, weather conditions, and traffic flow composition, need to be studied in the near future. An effective and scientific expressway safety management services system, composed of a speed monitoring system, warning system, and emergency rescue system, should be established in developed and underdeveloped provinces in China to improve safety on expressway.

A Study on Urban Road Traffic Safety Based on Matter Element Analysis

PubMed Central

Hu, Qizhou; Zhou, Zhuping; Sun, Xu

2014-01-01

This paper examines a new evaluation of urban road traffic safety based on a matter element analysis, avoiding the difficulties found in other traffic safety evaluations. The issue of urban road traffic safety has been investigated through the matter element analysis theory. The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the features of urban road traffic safety. Emphasis was placed on the construction of a criterion function by which traffic safety achieved a hierarchical system of objectives to be evaluated. The matter element analysis theory was used to create the comprehensive appraisal model of urban road traffic safety. The technique was used to employ a newly developed and versatile matter element analysis algorithm. The matter element matrix solves the uncertainty and incompatibility of the evaluated factors used to assess urban road traffic safety. The application results showed the superiority of the evaluation model and a didactic example was included to illustrate the computational procedure. PMID:25587267

Analysis of lane change crashes

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

This report defines the problem of lane change crashes in the United States (U.S.) based on data from the 1999 National Automotive Sampling System/General Estimates System (GES) crash database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Th...

Vehicle accidents in highway work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and characteristics of safety problems, in terms of reported accidents, that are associated with moving vehicular traffic around and through highway work zones. This was accomplished by exami...

CDOT rapid debris removal research project.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

Highway debris represents a traffic safety problem that requires a prompt response from state or local transportation : agencies. The most common practice for debris removal currently is for agency personnel to leave their vehicles and : remove the d...

Traffic incident management handbook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-09-01

The full-text of this handbook is available online in PDF format, with a link from the Federal Railroad Administration home page. Rail-highway grade crossing safety and operational problems involve two components-the highway and the railroad. The hig...

Traffic safety facts 1999 : state traffic data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

This traffic safety fact sheet presents state traffic data in a figure showing 1999 Traffic Fatalities by State and Percent Change from 1998 and in 11 tables showing: (1) Traffic Fatalities and Fatality Rates, 1999; (2) Traffic Fatalities and Percent...

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 1200 - ASSURANCES FOR TEEN TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAM

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false ASSURANCES FOR TEEN TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAM C APPENDIX C... STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY GRANT PROGRAMS Pt. 1200, App. C APPENDIX C TO PART 1200—ASSURANCES FOR TEEN TRAFFIC SAFETY PROGRAM State: Fiscal Year: The State has elected to implement a Teen Traffic Safety Program—a...

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 1200 - Assurances for Teen Traffic Safety Program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Assurances for Teen Traffic Safety Program C Appendix C... STATE HIGHWAY SAFETY GRANT PROGRAMS Pt. 1200, App. C Appendix C to Part 1200—Assurances for Teen Traffic Safety Program State: Fiscal Year: The State has elected to implement a Teen Traffic Safety Program—a...

Processing and filtrating of driver fatigue characteristic parameters based on rough set

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Wenwu; Zhao, Xuyang

2018-05-01

With the rapid development of economy, people become increasingly rich, and cars have become a common means of transportation in daily life. However, the problem of traffic safety is becoming more and more serious. And fatigue driving is one of the main causes of traffic accidents. Therefore, it is of great importance for us to study the detection of fatigue driving to improve traffic safety. In the cause of determining whether the driver is tired, the characteristic quantity related to the steering angle of the steering wheel and the characteristic quantity of the driver's pulse are all important indicators. The fuzzy c-means clustering is used to discretize the above indexes. Because the characteristic parameters are too miscellaneous, rough set is used to filtrate these characteristics. Finally, this paper finds out the highest correlation with fatigue driving. It is proved that these selected characteristics are of great significance to the evaluation of fatigue driving.

Vehicle accidents at maintenance and utility work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and characteristics of safety problems, in terms of reported accidents, that are associated with moving vehicular traffic around and through highway maintenance and utility work zones. This w...

Four paradigms: traffic safety in the twentieth-century United States.

PubMed

Norton, Peter

2015-04-01

Traffic safety, once neglected within the larger history of the automobile in the United States, has finally been getting the attention it always deserved. Nevertheless, historians still sometimes misappraise traffic safety in one era by the standards of another. Ahistorical assumptions have contributed to misinterpretations-for example, that Americans of the 1920s were extraordinarily tolerant of traffic casualties because they did not respond to them as more recent traffic-safety paradigms would prescribe. As a corrective, four paradigms, approximately sequential, are proposed: Safety First, Control, Crashworthiness, and Responsibility. Historians are invited to borrow, modify, or replace them, and to consider their applicability to other countries. Whether these particular paradigms survive review or not, historians who are alert to safety paradigms will produce more reliable scholarship on the history of traffic safety.

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas Safety after a Traffic Accident

Science.gov Websites

Natural Gas Safety after a Traffic Accident to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas Safety after a Traffic Accident on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center : Natural Gas Safety after a Traffic Accident on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: Natural Gas

Development of a Laboratory for Improving Communication between Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brammer, Anthony

2003-01-01

Runway incursions and other surface incidents are known to be significant threats to aviation safety and efficiency. Though the number of near mid-air collisions in U.S. air space has remained unchanged during the last five years, the number of runway incursions has increased and they are almost all due to human error. The three most common factors contributing to air traffic controller and pilot error in airport operations include two that involve failed auditory communication. This project addressed the problems of auditory communication in air traffic control from an acoustical standpoint, by establishing an acoustics laboratory designed for this purpose and initiating research into selected topics that show promise for improving voice communications between air traffic controllers and pilots.

Development of a rockfall hazard rating matrix for the State of Ohio.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-03-01

Although Ohio is not considered a "mountainous state", it is well documented that rockfalls are prevalent. Rockfalls pose a : considerable risk to traffic safety, create maintenance problems, and exert a strain on limited maintenance funds available ...

Development of a Rockfall Hazard Rating Matrix for the State of Ohio

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-03-01

Although Ohio is not considered a "mountainous state", it is well documented that rockfalls are prevalent. Rockfalls pose a : considerable risk to traffic safety, create maintenance problems, and exert a strain on limited maintenance funds available ...

Study of school zones with traffic signals : final report, June 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

One of the most pressing and controversial problems faced by parents, school administrators, law enforcement and transportation professionals throughout the country is the safety of children on their way to and from school. To proactively address thi...

A Cooperative Traffic Control of Vehicle–Intersection (CTCVI) for the Reduction of Traffic Delays and Fuel Consumption

PubMed Central

Li, Jinjian; Dridi, Mahjoub; El-Moudni, Abdellah

2016-01-01

The problem of reducing traffic delays and decreasing fuel consumption simultaneously in a network of intersections without traffic lights is solved by a cooperative traffic control algorithm, where the cooperation is executed based on the connection of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I). This resolution of the problem contains two main steps. The first step concerns the itinerary of which intersections are chosen by vehicles to arrive at their destination from their starting point. Based on the principle of minimal travel distance, each vehicle chooses its itinerary dynamically based on the traffic loads in the adjacent intersections. The second step is related to the following proposed cooperative procedures to allow vehicles to pass through each intersection rapidly and economically: on one hand, according to the real-time information sent by vehicles via V2I in the edge of the communication zone, each intersection applies Dynamic Programming (DP) to cooperatively optimize the vehicle passing sequence with minimal traffic delays so that the vehicles may rapidly pass the intersection under the relevant safety constraints; on the other hand, after receiving this sequence, each vehicle finds the optimal speed profiles with the minimal fuel consumption by an exhaustive search. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce both travel delays and fuel consumption compared with other papers under different traffic volumes. PMID:27999333

Analysis of general aviation single-pilot IFR incident data obtained from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergeron, H. P.

1983-01-01

An analysis of incident data obtained from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) has been made to determine the problem areas in general aviation single-pilot IFR (SPIFR) operations. The Aviation Safety Reporting System data base is a compilation of voluntary reports of incidents from any person who has observed or been involved in an occurrence which was believed to have posed a threat to flight safety. This paper examines only those reported incidents specifically related to general aviation single-pilot IFR operations. The frequency of occurrence of factors related to the incidents was the criterion used to define significant problem areas and, hence, to suggest where research is needed. The data was cataloged into one of five major problem areas: (1) controller judgment and response problems, (2) pilot judgment and response problems, (3) air traffic control (ATC) intrafacility and interfacility conflicts, (4) ATC and pilot communication problems, and (5) IFR-VFR conflicts. In addition, several points common to all or most of the problems were observed and reported. These included human error, communications, procedures and rules, and work load.

Noise abatement and traffic safety: The trade-off of quieter engines and pavements on vehicle detection.

PubMed

Mendonça, C; Freitas, E; Ferreira, J P; Raimundo, I D; Santos, J A

2013-03-01

Road traffic sounds are a major source of noise pollution in urban areas. But recent developments such as low noise pavements and hybrid/electric engine vehicles cast an optimistic outlook over such an environmental problem. However, it can be argued that engine, tire, and road noise could be relevant sources of information to avoid road traffic conflicts and accidents. In this paper, we analyze the potential trade-offs of traffic-noise abatement approaches in an experimental study, focusing for the first time on the impact and interaction of relevant factors such as pavement type, vehicle type, listener's age, and background noise, on vehicle detection levels. Results reveal that vehicle and pavement type significantly affect vehicle detection. Age is a significant factor, as both younger and older people exhibit lower detection levels of incoming vehicles. Low noise pavements combined with all-electric and hybrid vehicles might pose a severe threat to the safety of vulnerable road users. All factors interact simultaneously, and vehicle detection is best predicted by the loudness signal-to-noise ratio. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coordinated Parallel Runway Approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koczo, Steve

1996-01-01

The current air traffic environment in airport terminal areas experiences substantial delays when weather conditions deteriorate to Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). Expected future increases in air traffic will put additional pressures on the National Airspace System (NAS) and will further compound the high costs associated with airport delays. To address this problem, NASA has embarked on a program to address Terminal Area Productivity (TAP). The goals of the TAP program are to provide increased efficiencies in air traffic during the approach, landing, and surface operations in low-visibility conditions. The ultimate goal is to achieve efficiencies of terminal area flight operations commensurate with Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) at current or improved levels of safety.

Multi-measure Performance Assessment and Benchmarking of the Divisions of the Wyoming Highway Patrol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

With many lives lost every year in traffic related crashes, traffic safety is a major concern all around the world. One way to improve traffic safety is to improve the organizational performance of agencies responsible for enforcing traffic safety. I...

Development of the Oregon traffic safety data archive : phases 1 and 2.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-03-01

"This report describes the preliminary work to develop the Oregon Traffic Safety Data Archive (OrTSDA). The mission of OrTSDA is to build : the knowledge base of traffic safety data in Oregon. The archive hopes to become a valuable traffic safe...

Major Cost Drivers of Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Air Force Military Personnel and the Influence of the Military Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

2010) ......................................... 3 Figure 2 . Risk Factors for Road Traffic Injury Prevention , courtesy of WHO (WHO, 2010: 2 -26...2030, rising from the 9th cause of death in 2004 to the 5th cause of death by 2030. This is ahead of others serious problems such as diabetes mellitus ...implement the most effective safety measures. 7 Figure 2 Risk Factors for Road Traffic Injury Prevention , courtesy of WHO (WHO, 2010: 2 -26

Road accident rates: strategies and programmes for improving road traffic safety.

PubMed

Goniewicz, K; Goniewicz, M; Pawłowski, W; Fiedor, P

2016-08-01

Nowadays, the problem of road accident rates is one of the most important health and social policy issues concerning the countries in all continents. Each year, nearly 1.3 million people worldwide lose their life on roads, and 20-50 million sustain severe injuries, the majority of which require long-term treatment. The objective of the study was to identify the most frequent, constantly occurring causes of road accidents, as well as outline actions constituting a basis for the strategies and programmes aiming at improving traffic safety on local and global levels. Comparative analysis of literature concerning road safety was performed, confirming that although road accidents had a varied and frequently complex background, their causes have changed only to a small degree over the years. The causes include: lack of control and enforcement concerning implementation of traffic regulation (primarily driving at excessive speed, driving under the influence of alcohol, and not respecting the rights of other road users (mainly pedestrians and cyclists), lack of appropriate infrastructure and unroadworthy vehicles. The number of fatal accidents and severe injuries, resulting from road accidents, may be reduced through applying an integrated approach to safety on roads. The strategies and programmes for improving road traffic should include the following measures: reducing the risk of exposure to an accident, prevention of accidents, reduction in bodily injuries sustained in accidents, and reduction of the effects of injuries by improvement of post-accident medical care.

Review and analysis of Virginia traffic law affecting bicycle safety.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

In response to House Joint Resolution #105, passed during the 1980 session of the Virginia General Assembly, a study was made to assess the nature and scope of the bicycle-motor vehicle crash problem in the Commonwealth, to determine which provisions...

Odometer Fraud: Traffic Safety Tips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This fact sheet, NHTSA Facts: Summer 1996, focuses on odometer fraud, which is a major problem for consumers. Some late model used cars have odometers that have been turned back. Any vehicle that has been driven a high number of miles but is only a f...

78 FR 47488 - Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-05

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2013-0085] Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety... Safety Research (NTI-131), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE...

2016 Traffic Safety Culture Index

MedlinePlus

... for Traffic Safety. For media inquiries, contact: Tamra Johnson 202-942-2079 TRJohnson@national.aaa.com Authors ... for Traffic Safety. For media inquiries, contact: Tamra Johnson 202-942-2079 TRJohnson@national.aaa.com Authors ...

Watch Out! A Teacher's Guide to Traffic Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

This guide provides teachers with activities that can initiate an awareness of the New York city-wide traffic safety campaign and reinforce safety education. It contains the following: (1) background information on safety rules for teachers; (2) curriculum topics that can include traffic safety issues; (3) class- and school-wide activities for…

Safety improvements through Intelligent Transport Systems: a South African case study based on microscopic simulation modelling.

PubMed

Vanderschuren, Marianne

2008-03-01

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can facilitate the delivery of a wide range of policy objectives. There are six main objectives/benefits identified in the international literature: Safety (reduction of (potential) crashes), mobility (reduction of delays and travel times), efficiency (optimise the use of existing infrastructure), productivity (cost saving), energy/environment and customer satisfaction [Mitretek Systems, 2001. Intelligent Transport System Benefits: 2001 update, Under Contract to the Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, US]. In the South African context, there is an interest for measures that can reduce (potential) crashes. In South Africa the number of year on year traffic related fatalities is still increasing. In 2005 the number of fatalities was 15393 (from 14135 in 2004) while the estimated costs for the same period increased from R8.89-billion to R9.99-billion [RTMC, 2007. Interim Road Traffic and Fatal Crash Report 2006, Road Traffic Management Corporation, Pretoria, SA]. Given the extent of the road safety problem and the potential benefits of ITS, the need for further research is apparent. A study with regards to the potential of different types of models (macroscopic, mesoscopic and miscroscopic simulation models) led to the use of Paramics. Two corridors and three types of ITS measures were investigated and safety benefits were estimated.

32 CFR 234.17 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 234.17 Section 234...) MISCELLANEOUS CONDUCT ON THE PENTAGON RESERVATION § 234.17 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) In general. Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this part, traffic and the use of vehicles within the Pentagon...

32 CFR 234.17 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 234.17 Section 234...) MISCELLANEOUS CONDUCT ON THE PENTAGON RESERVATION § 234.17 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) In general. Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this part, traffic and the use of vehicles within the Pentagon...

32 CFR 234.17 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 234.17 Section 234...) MISCELLANEOUS CONDUCT ON THE PENTAGON RESERVATION § 234.17 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) In general. Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this part, traffic and the use of vehicles within the Pentagon...

32 CFR 234.17 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 234.17 Section 234...) MISCELLANEOUS CONDUCT ON THE PENTAGON RESERVATION § 234.17 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) In general. Unless specifically addressed by regulations in this part, traffic and the use of vehicles within the Pentagon...

Commercial Driver Rest and Parking Requirements: Making Space for Safety. Final Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-03-01

This manual is intended for use as a tool in predicting the noise which will be generated by freely-flowing vehicle traffic along a highway of known characteristics. The manual presents two separate approaches to the prediction problem. The first app...

Task force implementation guidelines for the development of state and community alcohol highway safety programs

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

Because of the alarming death and injury statistics of alcohol-related traffic crashes, the public and private sectors have demanded an organized approach to the driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) problem. In response to this demand, a definitive strate...

Transitioning to multiple imputation : a new method to impute missing blood alcohol concentration (BAC) values in FARS

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) of the National Highway Traffic Safety : Administration (NHTSA) has undertaken several approaches to remedy the problem of missing blood alcohol : test results in the Fatality Analysis Reporting ...

Road safety: serious injuries remain a major unsolved problem.

PubMed

Beck, Ben; Cameron, Peter A; Fitzgerald, Mark C; Judson, Rodney T; Teague, Warwick; Lyons, Ronan A; Gabbe, Belinda J

2017-09-18

To investigate temporal trends in the incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and costs of health loss caused by serious road traffic injury. A retrospective review of data from the population-based Victorian State Trauma Registry and the National Coronial Information System on road traffic-related deaths (pre- and in-hospital) and major trauma (Injury Severity Score > 12) during 2007-2015.Main outcomes and measures: Temporal trends in the incidence of road traffic-related major trauma, mortality, DALYs, and costs of health loss, by road user type. There were 8066 hospitalised road traffic major trauma cases and 2588 road traffic fatalities in Victoria over the 9-year study period. There was no change in the incidence of hospitalised major trauma for motor vehicle occupants (incidence rate ratio [IRR] per year, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01; P = 0.70), motorcyclists (IRR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.01; P = 0.45) or pedestrians (IRR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02; P = 0.73), but the incidence for pedal cyclists increased 8% per year (IRR, 1.08; 95% CI; 1.05-1.10; P < 0.001). While DALYs declined for motor vehicle occupants (by 13% between 2007 and 2015), motorcyclists (32%), and pedestrians (5%), there was a 56% increase in DALYs for pedal cyclists. The estimated costs of health loss associated with road traffic injuries exceeded $14 billion during 2007-2015, although the cost per patient declined for all road user groups. As serious injury rates have not declined, current road safety targets will be difficult to meet. Greater attention to preventing serious injury is needed, as is further investment in road safety, particularly for pedal cyclists.

23 CFR 1250.4 - Determining local share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... activities, traffic court programs, traffic records system improvements, upgrading emergency medical services, pedestrian safety activities, improved traffic enforcement, alcohol countermeasures, highway debris removal...

[Prevention of road accidents in the road haulage field].

PubMed

Rosso, G L; Zanelli, R; Corino, P; Bruno, S

2007-01-01

Every year many traffic accidents with fatal outcomes occur in our Country. According to the recent indications of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, the Piedmont region has financed the plan: Prevention of road accidents in the road haulage field. The aims of the plan are to stimulate transport companies to the target of road safety and to improve and enforce sanitary surveillance, in order to improve the safety on road haulage and to prevent traffic injuries. the plan foresees, over a period of two years, a few encounters with all the interested parties (companies, police forces, labour unions etc). During those encounters we have to give a questionnaire for evaluating the companies' knowledge about the problem and we have to choose a common plan with the aim of improving road safety. The Piedmont regional plan recalls the need to increase the attention to numerous and diversified hazards for safety on road haulage. It also imposes the choice of measures that include: risk assessment, health education, technical and environmental prevention, sanitary surveillance and clinical interventions (diagnosis and rehabilitation of occupational accidents).

Alternative method of highway traffic safety analysis for developing countries using delphi technique and Bayesian network.

PubMed

Mbakwe, Anthony C; Saka, Anthony A; Choi, Keechoo; Lee, Young-Jae

2016-08-01

Highway traffic accidents all over the world result in more than 1.3 million fatalities annually. An alarming number of these fatalities occurs in developing countries. There are many risk factors that are associated with frequent accidents, heavy loss of lives, and property damage in developing countries. Unfortunately, poor record keeping practices are very difficult obstacle to overcome in striving to obtain a near accurate casualty and safety data. In light of the fact that there are numerous accident causes, any attempts to curb the escalating death and injury rates in developing countries must include the identification of the primary accident causes. This paper, therefore, seeks to show that the Delphi Technique is a suitable alternative method that can be exploited in generating highway traffic accident data through which the major accident causes can be identified. In order to authenticate the technique used, Korea, a country that underwent similar problems when it was in its early stages of development in addition to the availability of excellent highway safety records in its database, is chosen and utilized for this purpose. Validation of the methodology confirms the technique is suitable for application in developing countries. Furthermore, the Delphi Technique, in combination with the Bayesian Network Model, is utilized in modeling highway traffic accidents and forecasting accident rates in the countries of research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 36174 - Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA Docket No... Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Meeting Notice--Federal Interagency Committee... CONTACT: Drew Dawson, Director, Office of Emergency Medical Services, National Highway Traffic Safety...

Improving traffic safety culture in Iowa : phase II.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-07-01

Phase II of Improving Traffic Safety Culture in Iowa focuses on producing actions that will improve the traffic safety culture across the state, and involves collaboration among the three large public universities in Iowa: Iowa State University, Univ...

Traffic safety for older people : 5-year plan.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-12-01

This document is intended to serve as the plan for National Highway Traffic Safety Administration activities to address traffic safety concerns of older people. Given the increasing proportion of older people in the population, NHTSA must work in con...

76 FR 8400 - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-14

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Petition for Exemption From the Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard; Mitsubishi Motors AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Grant of petition for exemption. SUMMARY: This...

49 CFR 512.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION.... Whenever used in this part: (a) Administrator means the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (b) Chief Counsel means the Chief Counsel of the National Highway Traffic Safety...

Baltimore-Washington Parkway, Maryland : traffic safety plan

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

Over the past decade, a number of studies have documented the traffic safety issues on the National Park Services (NPS) portion of the Baltimore-Washington (B-W) Parkway. The Baltimore-Washington Parkway Traffic Safety Plan provides an action plan...

Do prohibitive warnings improve road-crossing Safety for texting and non-texting pedestrians?

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-06-01

Pedestrian injuries and deaths caused by collisions with motor vehicles are a major health problem in the U.S. [1]. In 2013 alone, 4,735 pedestrians were killed and 66,000 were injured in traffic crashes. Both field observations and controlled experi...

Wisconsin Driver and Traffic Safety Education: Teacher Preparation Guide. Bulletin Number 7221.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin Univ., Whitewater.

This guide identifies the minimum competencies necessary to teach and administer a high school driver and traffic safety education (DTSE) program and provides curricular suggestions for the University of Wisconsin System teacher preparation program. Course descriptions are listed for the following areas: general safety, traffic safety education,…

76 FR 72750 - Meeting Notice-Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA Docket No...: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Meeting notice. SUMMARY: NHTSA... Emergency Medical Services, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., NTI...

75 FR 34201 - Meeting Notice-Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-16

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA Docket No...: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Meeting Notice--Federal Interagency..., Director, Office of Emergency Medical Services, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New...

78 FR 54727 - Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-05

... age school children in developing age appropriate traffic safety knowledge and practical pedestrian... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2013-0087] Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety...

Modeling level-of-safety for bus stops in China.

PubMed

Ye, Zhirui; Wang, Chao; Yu, Yongbo; Shi, Xiaomeng; Wang, Wei

2016-08-17

Safety performance at bus stops is generally evaluated by using historical traffic crash data or traffic conflict data. However, in China, it is quite difficult to obtain such data mainly due to the lack of traffic data management and organizational issues. In light of this, the primary objective of this study is to develop a quantitative approach to evaluate bus stop safety performance. The concept of level-of-safety for bus stops is introduced and corresponding models are proposed to quantify safety levels, which consider conflict points, traffic factors, geometric characteristics, traffic signs and markings, pavement conditions, and lighting conditions. Principal component analysis and k-means clustering methods were used to model and quantify safety levels for bus stops. A case study was conducted to show the applicability of the proposed model with data collected from 46 samples for the 7 most common types of bus stops in China, using 32 of the samples for modeling and 14 samples for illustration. Based on the case study, 6 levels of safety for bus stops were defined. Finally, a linear regression analysis between safety levels and the number of traffic conflicts showed that they had a strong relationship (R(2) value of 0.908). The results indicated that the method was well validated and could be practically used for the analysis and evaluation of bus stop safety in China. The proposed model was relatively easy to implement without the requirement of traffic crash data and/or traffic conflict data. In addition, with the proposed method, it was feasible to evaluate countermeasures to improve bus stop safety (e.g., exclusive bus lanes).

78 FR 71030 - Ford Motor Company, Denial of Petition for Decision of Inconsequential Noncompliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2012... AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT... Compliance, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), telephone (202) 366-5298, facsimile...

23 CFR 1206.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (b) Highway safety program means an approved program in accordance with 23 U.S.C. 402, which is designed by a State to reduce traffic accidents... HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION...

Bayesian networks for maritime traffic accident prevention: benefits and challenges.

PubMed

Hänninen, Maria

2014-12-01

Bayesian networks are quantitative modeling tools whose applications to the maritime traffic safety context are becoming more popular. This paper discusses the utilization of Bayesian networks in maritime safety modeling. Based on literature and the author's own experiences, the paper studies what Bayesian networks can offer to maritime accident prevention and safety modeling and discusses a few challenges in their application to this context. It is argued that the capability of representing rather complex, not necessarily causal but uncertain relationships makes Bayesian networks an attractive modeling tool for the maritime safety and accidents. Furthermore, as the maritime accident and safety data is still rather scarce and has some quality problems, the possibility to combine data with expert knowledge and the easy way of updating the model after acquiring more evidence further enhance their feasibility. However, eliciting the probabilities from the maritime experts might be challenging and the model validation can be tricky. It is concluded that with the utilization of several data sources, Bayesian updating, dynamic modeling, and hidden nodes for latent variables, Bayesian networks are rather well-suited tools for the maritime safety management and decision-making. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

23 CFR 1313.2 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... DRIVING PREVENTION PROGRAMS § 1313.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to encourage States to adopt and implement effective programs to reduce traffic safety problems resulting from individuals driving motor... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Purpose. 1313.2 Section 1313.2 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY...

23 CFR 1313.2 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... DRIVING PREVENTION PROGRAMS § 1313.2 Purpose. The purpose of this part is to encourage States to adopt and implement effective programs to reduce traffic safety problems resulting from individuals driving motor... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Purpose. 1313.2 Section 1313.2 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY...

An adaptive corridor-wide signal timing optimization methodology for traffic network with multiple highway-rail grade crossings.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-06-01

Highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) and the intersections in their proximity are areas where potential problems in terms of safety and efficiency often arise if only simple or outdated treatments, such as normal signal timing or passive railroad war...

Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation.

PubMed

Stepanova, Ekaterina V; Kondrashin, Anatoly V; Sergiev, Vladimir P; Morozova, Lola F; Turbabina, Natalia A; Maksimova, Maria S; Brazhnikov, Alexey I; Shevchenko, Sergei B; Morozov, Evgeny N

2017-01-01

Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation and might interfere with the successful implementation of the Federal Programme named "Increase road traffic safety". Suggestions for how to address overcome this problem are discussed in this paper.

Productivity losses from road traffic deaths in Turkey.

PubMed

Naci, Huseyin; Baker, Timothy D

2008-03-01

The importance of road traffic injuries in Turkey is not generally appreciated, in part due to lack of knowledge of its economic burden and in part due to major underestimation in official statistics. The total years of potential life lost and potentially productive years of life lost from mortality were calculated in order to estimate the cost of productivity losses from road traffic deaths in Turkey. More years of potentially productive life are lost due to road traffic deaths than to respiratory tract illnesses or diabetes mellitus, two other serious health problems in Turkey. Road traffic deaths cost Turkey an estimated USD 2.6 billion every year in productivity losses alone, more than the World Bank estimate of the indirect costs from the 1999 Marmara earthquake (USD 1.2-2 billion), Turkey's worst earthquake since 1939 (World Bank Turkey Country Office, 1999). This study highlights the importance of accurate information in ameliorating the burden of road traffic safety in Turkey. Turkey has great opportunities to implement cost-effective interventions to reduce the economic burden of fatal and non-fatal road traffic injuries.

[Comics for traffic education: evaluation of a traffic safety campaign].

PubMed

Bonfadelli, H

1989-01-01

Traffic safety campaigns often are ineffective to change driving behavior because they don't reach the target group or are recognized only by people who are already interested or concerned. The evaluation of a traffic safety campaign called "Leo Lässig", addressed to young new drivers, shows that recognition and acceptance by the target group were stimulated by the age-conform means of comic-strips.

California Guide to Traffic Safety Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Dept. of Education, Sacramento.

The guide proposes an elementary through high school program encompassing many aspects of traffic safety. Chapter 1 presents definitions, instructional goals, behavioral objectives, and K-6 traffic safety concepts coupled with student performance indicators. Various elements of program administration are covered in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 includes…

75 FR 30098 - Reports, Forms and RecordKeeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-28

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Reports, Forms and... Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork... INFORMATION CONTACT: Tamara Webster at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Regional...

An assessment of traffic safety culture related to engagement in efforts to improve traffic safety : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

This final report summarizes the methods, results, conclusions, and recommendations derived from a survey conducted to understand values, beliefs, and attitudes regarding engagement in behaviors that impact the traffic safety of others. Results of th...

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Traffic Safety Plan for Older Persons

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-03-01

This 1993 research serves as a follow-up to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration plan in 1988 that indicates that older drivers are overrepresented in crashes at intersections and during certain hours of the day, that they are underrepr...

North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2012 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-09-01

The United States trails other industrialized nations in several safety categories on public roadways. Traffic fatality risk, for example, is substantially higher than in other countries as found in Figure 1.1 (World Health Organization, 2009). Altho...

76 FR 3934 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-21

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Reports, Forms, and... Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...-131), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Ave, SE., W46-491, Washington...

32 CFR 1903.4 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 1903.4 Section 1903.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CONDUCT ON AGENCY INSTALLATIONS § 1903.4 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) Open container of alcoholic...

32 CFR 1903.4 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 1903.4 Section 1903.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CONDUCT ON AGENCY INSTALLATIONS § 1903.4 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) Open container of alcoholic...

32 CFR 1903.4 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 1903.4 Section 1903.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CONDUCT ON AGENCY INSTALLATIONS § 1903.4 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) Open container of alcoholic...

32 CFR 1903.4 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 1903.4 Section 1903.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CONDUCT ON AGENCY INSTALLATIONS § 1903.4 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) Open container of alcoholic...

32 CFR 1903.4 - Vehicles and traffic safety.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Vehicles and traffic safety. 1903.4 Section 1903.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CONDUCT ON AGENCY INSTALLATIONS § 1903.4 Vehicles and traffic safety. (a) Open container of alcoholic...

76 FR 69321 - Petition to Modify an Exemption of a Previously Approved Antitheft Device; Porsche

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-08

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Petition to Modify an Exemption of a Previously Approved Antitheft Device; Porsche AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety... previously approved antitheft device. SUMMARY: On May 25, 1989, the National Highway Traffic Safety...

Automated Conflict Resolution, Arrival Management and Weather Avoidance for ATM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erzberger, H.; Lauderdale, Todd A.; Chu, Yung-Cheng

2010-01-01

The paper describes a unified solution to three types of separation assurance problems that occur in en-route airspace: separation conflicts, arrival sequencing, and weather-cell avoidance. Algorithms for solving these problems play a key role in the design of future air traffic management systems such as NextGen. Because these problems can arise simultaneously in any combination, it is necessary to develop integrated algorithms for solving them. A unified and comprehensive solution to these problems provides the foundation for a future air traffic management system that requires a high level of automation in separation assurance. The paper describes the three algorithms developed for solving each problem and then shows how they are used sequentially to solve any combination of these problems. The first algorithm resolves loss-of-separation conflicts and is an evolution of an algorithm described in an earlier paper. The new version generates multiple resolutions for each conflict and then selects the one giving the least delay. Two new algorithms, one for sequencing and merging of arrival traffic, referred to as the Arrival Manager, and the other for weather-cell avoidance are the major focus of the paper. Because these three problems constitute a substantial fraction of the workload of en-route controllers, integrated algorithms to solve them is a basic requirement for automated separation assurance. The paper also reviews the Advanced Airspace Concept, a proposed design for a ground-based system that postulates redundant systems for separation assurance in order to achieve both high levels of safety and airspace capacity. It is proposed that automated separation assurance be introduced operationally in several steps, each step reducing controller workload further while increasing airspace capacity. A fast time simulation was used to determine performance statistics of the algorithm at up to 3 times current traffic levels.

76 FR 82039 - Receipt of Petition for Decision That Nonconforming 2000-2003 Kawasaki ZR750 Motorcycles Are...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2011... Motorcycles Are Eligible for Importation AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT. ACTION: Receipt of petition. SUMMARY: This document announces receipt by the National Highway Traffic Safety...

75 FR 1681 - Receipt of Petition for Decision That Nonconforming 2001 and 2002 Ducati MH900e Motorcycles are...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2009... Motorcycles are Eligible for Importation AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT. ACTION... eligible for importation. SUMMARY: This document announces receipt by the National Highway Traffic Safety...

Traffic safety facts 1997 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-11-01

In this annual report, Traffic Safety Facts 1997: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) presents descriptive ...

Statewide traffic safety study phase I : review of current traffic safety research, practice, analytical procedures and databases.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-05-01

This report synthesized the research findings of Phase I of the Statewide Traffic Safety Study of Louisiana, sponsored by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. The objective of Phase I was to provide a comprehensive review of th...

Traffic safety facts 2007 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

In this annual report, Traffic Safety Facts 2007: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality : Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration : (NHTSA) presents descript...

Interdisciplinary Traffic Safety Instructional System: Series VI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Dept. of Education, Baltimore.

Approximately 120 lessons for increasing sixth grade students' safety knowledge and skills as pedestrians in traffic and at school, as auto and school bus passengers, and as operators of bicycles are provided in this traffic curriculum. One third of the curriculum focuses on perceptual safety activities for young pedestrians, including lessons on…

North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2011 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

The United States lags behind many other industrialized nations in its ability to ensure safety on public roadways as illustrated in Figure 1.1 (World Health Organization 2009). While progress has been made in reducing traffic deaths, the continued e...

North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2010 : Traffic Safety Performance Measures for State and Federal Agencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-10-01

The United States lags behind many other industrialized nations in its ability to ensure safety on public roadways as illustrated in Figure 1.1 (World Health Organization 2009). While progress has been made in reducing traffic deaths, the continued e...

Traffic safety facts 2008 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

In this annual report, Traffic Safety Facts 2008: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) presents descriptive ...

Traffic safety facts 2009 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

In this annual report, Traffic Safety Facts 2009: A Compilation of Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the General Estimates System, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) presents descriptive ...

Alcohol-related driving in China: Countermeasure implications of research conducted in two cities.

PubMed

Jia, Keqin; Fleiter, Judy; King, Mark; Sheehan, Mary; Ma, Wenjun; Lei, Jing; Zhang, Jianzhen

2016-10-01

Drunk driving (blood alcohol concentration (BAC) 80mg/100ml) was upgraded to become a criminal offence under China's Criminal Law in May 2011. While this had a major road safety benefit, there was still a high level of alcohol related crashes and fatalities. This paper develops recommendations based on a programme of research undertaken in 2012 that examined the perceptions of general motor vehicle drivers, convicted drunk driving offenders and traffic police about drinking and driving and law enforcement in the cities of Guangzhou and Yinchuan. Alcohol misuse problems were also explored using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). This paper integrates the findings to examine existing problems in alcohol management, law enforcement, education and rehabilitation and provides recommendations for addressing alcohol-related driving in China. A multi-study cross-sectional research programme was conducted in two Chinese cities involving general drivers, drunk driving offenders and traffic police. In total, 16 traffic police officers were interviewed and 105 traffic police officers were surveyed. In addition, 207 drunk driving offenders in detention facilities and 802 general motor vehicle drivers were surveyed. Traffic police resources including human resources and facilities such as breathalysers were reported as insufficient in both cities. There were problems reported in the process of law enforcement, and shortcomings in police knowledge of factors involved in drink/drunk driving and in the practice of conducting breath alcohol testing (BAT). Knowledge about legal BAC levels and how to keep under the legal limit was very low among general motor vehicle drivers and drunk driving offenders. Proportions with alcohol misuse problems in the two driver groups were high, especially among offenders. Recommendations to manage alcohol-related driving are proposed for the three groups of traffic police, general motor vehicle drivers and drunk driving offenders. In particular, traffic police resources need to be improved and further education provided to police on the general deterrence potential of BAT. There should be enhanced community education and publicity to improve knowledge of drink driving regulations and how to avoid breaking the law. Alcohol misuse problems should be addressed, particularly for drunk driving offenders. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Safety or efficiency?: strategies and conflicting interests in Belgian road-safety policy, 1920-1940.

PubMed

Weber, Donald

2015-04-01

After World War I, automobile ownership became a mass phenomenon in Belgium, as in most other industrialized countries. Unfortunately, road-casualty figures soon followed. By the mid-1930s, traffic accidents had become the main cause of accidental deaths. There was clearly a need for a renewed road-safety policy. Public authorities in Belgium, however, were suspiciously reluctant to take new measures. While there was a public outcry for more severe regulation of motorized traffic and several MPs backed bills to this effect, motoring associations lobbied against traffic legislation reforms. In order to understand the Belgian government's hesitation, this article looks at the key strategies of the actors involved in the decision-making process concerning traffic policy. Such strategies included, among others: the creation of detailed traffic-accident statistics, revision of traffic legislation, and support for mass traffic-education campaigns. Eventually, public officials stepped in and created a new technocratic traffic regime in the 1930s, yet their prime concern was not road-user safety, but the efficiency of traffic streams.

A theory and model of conflict detection in air traffic control: incorporating environmental constraints.

PubMed

Loft, Shayne; Bolland, Scott; Humphreys, Michael S; Neal, Andrew

2009-06-01

A performance theory for conflict detection in air traffic control is presented that specifies how controllers adapt decisions to compensate for environmental constraints. This theory is then used as a framework for a model that can fit controller intervention decisions. The performance theory proposes that controllers apply safety margins to ensure separation between aircraft. These safety margins are formed through experience and reflect the biasing of decisions to favor safety over accuracy, as well as expectations regarding uncertainty in aircraft trajectory. In 2 experiments, controllers indicated whether they would intervene to ensure separation between pairs of aircraft. The model closely predicted the probability of controller intervention across the geometry of problems and as a function of controller experience. When controller safety margins were manipulated via task instructions, the parameters of the model changed in the predicted direction. The strength of the model over existing and alternative models is that it better captures the uncertainty and decision biases involved in the process of conflict detection. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

30 CFR 57.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Dumping Traffic Safety § 57.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Traffic control. 57.9100 Section 57.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE...

30 CFR 57.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Dumping Traffic Safety § 57.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Traffic control. 57.9100 Section 57.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE...

30 CFR 56.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Dumping Traffic Safety § 56.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Traffic control. 56.9100 Section 56.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE...

30 CFR 56.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Traffic control. 56.9100 Section 56.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Dumping Traffic Safety § 56.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled...

30 CFR 56.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Traffic control. 56.9100 Section 56.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Dumping Traffic Safety § 56.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled...

30 CFR 56.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Traffic control. 56.9100 Section 56.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Dumping Traffic Safety § 56.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled...

30 CFR 57.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Traffic control. 57.9100 Section 57.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Dumping Traffic Safety § 57.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled...

30 CFR 57.9100 - Traffic control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Traffic control. 57.9100 Section 57.9100 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND NONMETAL MINE... Dumping Traffic Safety § 57.9100 Traffic control. To provide for the safe movement of self-propelled...

Aviation Safety/Automation Program Conference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morello, Samuel A. (Compiler)

1990-01-01

The Aviation Safety/Automation Program Conference - 1989 was sponsored by the NASA Langley Research Center on 11 to 12 October 1989. The conference, held at the Sheraton Beach Inn and Conference Center, Virginia Beach, Virginia, was chaired by Samuel A. Morello. The primary objective of the conference was to ensure effective communication and technology transfer by providing a forum for technical interchange of current operational problems and program results to date. The Aviation Safety/Automation Program has as its primary goal to improve the safety of the national airspace system through the development and integration of human-centered automation technologies for aircraft crews and air traffic controllers.

Investigation of Roadway Geometric and Traffic Flow Factors for Vehicle Crashes Using Spatiotemporal Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gill, G.; Sakrani, T.; Cheng, W.; Zhou, J.

2017-09-01

Traffic safety is a major concern in the transportation industry due to immense monetary and emotional burden caused by crashes of various severity levels, especially the injury and fatality ones. To reduce such crashes on all public roads, the safety management processes are commonly implemented which include network screening, problem diagnosis, countermeasure identification, and project prioritization. The selection of countermeasures for potential mitigation of crashes is governed by the influential factors which impact roadway crashes. Crash prediction model is the tool widely adopted by safety practitioners or researchers to link various influential factors to crash occurrences. Many different approaches have been used in the past studies to develop better fitting models which also exhibit prediction accuracy. In this study, a crash prediction model is developed to investigate the vehicular crashes occurring at roadway segments. The spatial and temporal nature of crash data is exploited to form a spatiotemporal model which accounts for the different types of heterogeneities among crash data and geometric or traffic flow variables. This study utilizes the Poisson lognormal model with random effects, which can accommodate the yearly variations in explanatory variables and the spatial correlations among segments. The dependency of different factors linked with roadway geometric, traffic flow, and road surface type on vehicular crashes occurring at segments was established as the width of lanes, posted speed limit, nature of pavement, and AADT were found to be correlated with vehicle crashes.

Driving Parameters for Distributed and Centralized Air Transportation Architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feron, Eric

2001-01-01

This report considers the problem of intersecting aircraft flows under decentralized conflict avoidance rules. Using an Eulerian standpoint (aircraft flow through a fixed control volume), new air traffic control models and scenarios are defined that enable the study of long-term airspace stability problems. Considering a class of two intersecting aircraft flows, it is shown that airspace stability, defined both in terms of safety and performance, is preserved under decentralized conflict resolution algorithms. Performance bounds are derived for the aircraft flow problem under different maneuver models. Besides analytical approaches, numerical examples are presented to test the theoretical results, as well as to generate some insight about the structure of the traffic flow after resolution. Considering more than two intersecting aircraft flows, simulations indicate that flow stability may not be guaranteed under simple conflict avoidance rules. Finally, a comparison is made with centralized strategies to conflict resolution.

Active transportation: do current traffic safety policies protect non-motorists?

PubMed

Mader, Emily M; Zick, Cathleen D

2014-06-01

This study investigated the impact that state traffic safety regulations have on non-motorist fatality rates. Data obtained from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) were analyzed through a pooled time series cross-sectional model using fixed effects regression for all 50 states from 1999 to 2009. Two dependent variables were used in separate models measuring annual state non-motorist fatalities per million population, and the natural log of state non-motorist fatalities. Independent variables measuring traffic policies included state expenditures for highway law enforcement and safety per capita; driver cell phone use regulations; graduated driver license regulations; driver blood alcohol concentration regulations; bike helmet regulations; and seat belt regulations. Other control variables included percent of all vehicle miles driven that are urban and mean per capita alcohol consumption per year. Non-motorist traffic safety was positively impacted by state highway law enforcement and safety expenditures per capita, with a decrease in non-motorist fatalities occurring with increased spending. Per capita consumption of alcohol also influenced non-motorist fatalities, with higher non-motorist fatalities occurring with higher per capita consumption of alcohol. Other traffic safety covariates did not appear to have a significant impact on non-motorist fatality rates in the models. Our research suggests that increased expenditures on state highway and traffic safety and the initiation/expansion of programs targeted at curbing both driver and non-motorist intoxication are a starting point for the implementation of traffic safety policies that reduce risks for non-motorists. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exploring the risk factors associated with the size and severity of roadway crashes in Riyadh.

PubMed

Hassan, Hany M; Al-Faleh, Hesham

2013-12-01

Recently, growing concern has been shifting toward the necessity of improving traffic safety in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). KSA has a unique traffic safety problem in that: (a) it can be classified as a developed country in terms of the magnitude and quality of the roadway networks available and its compatibility with international standards; however, (b) it can also be considered a developing country as the rate of increase in the number of road crashes is substantial compared with relevant figures of other developing countries and other countries of the Gulf region. Hence, more research efforts are still needed. This paper examines the nature and causes of fatal and serious traffic crashes in KSA so that solutions and/or future studies can be suggested. Data from 11,545 reported fatal and injury traffic crashes that occurred in Riyadh (the capital of KSA) during the period 2004-2011 were analyzed by alternative and complementary methods. A logistic regression model was estimated and the results revealed that crash reason (speeding), damages in public property, day of the week, crash location (non-intersection location), and point of collision (head-on) were the significant variables affecting the binary target variable (fatal and non-fatal crashes). Additionally, the structural equation modeling approach was developed to identify and quantify the impacts of significant variables influencing crash size (e.g., no. of injuries, no. of vehicles involved in the crash). Crash size is one of the important indices that measure the level of safety of transportation facilities. The results showed that road factor was the most significant factor affecting the size of the crash followed by the driver and environment factors. Considering the results of this study, practical suggestions on how to improve traffic safety in KSA are also presented and discussed. © 2013.

Steering Kids to Traffic Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PTA Today, 1991

1991-01-01

Guidelines to help parents explain traffic safety to children cover the following: school bus safety (e.g., remain seated, do not shout); walking (e.g., obey traffic signals, cross at crosswalks); driving (e.g., wear seatbelts, enter and exit from the curb side); and biking (e.g., wear helmets, do not ride at night). (SM)

Special Education/Traffic Safety Education. Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McBrayer, Clyde; Tidwell, Fred

The curriculum guide for special education students is intended to serve as a supplement to the Washington 1980 State Traffice Safety Education Curriculum Guide. The guide is also correlated with two popular traffic safety texts. Each of the 21 modules contains a goal statement, a list of vocabulary words that might be difficult, a check sheet…

Saving Teenage Lives: The Case for Graduated Driver Licensing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

This manual explains what graduated driver licensing (GDL) is and why the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration believes it is so important for every jurisdiction to take steps towards its implementation. Section I introduces the need by defining the teen driving problem: inexperience, risk-taking behavior and immaturity, and greater risk…

77 FR 64249 - Track Safety Standards; Improving Rail Integrity

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-19

... specific problems. This is a result of high traffic volumes that load the rail and accelerate defect growth... influenced by tonnage. Rapid growth rates can also be associated with rail where high-tensile residual stresses are present in the railhead and in CWR in lower temperature ranges where the rail is in high...

Alcohol Highway-Traffic Safety Workshop for the Judiciary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, William; And Others

The manual, designed for one-and-one-half-day workshops with 20 to 40 judges who handle driving while intoxicated (DWI) cases, is directed toward the exploration of new sanctions and treatments, increased coordination and communication with other agencies involved, and public education concerning the scope of the drinking-driver problem. It is one…

Compendium of traffic safety research projects : 1987-1997

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-09-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) Research and Evaluation Division, Office of Research and Traffic Records, conducts research and evaluation projects dealing with human attitudes, behaviors, and failures (motor vehicle cras...

Perceived crime and traffic safety is related to physical activity among adults in Nigeria.

PubMed

Oyeyemi, Adewale L; Adegoke, Babatunde O; Sallis, James F; Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse

2012-05-17

Neighborhood safety is inconsistently related to physical activity, but is seldom studied in developing countries. This study examined associations between perceived neighborhood safety and physical activity among Nigerian adults. In a cross-sectional study, accelerometer-based physical activity (MVPA), reported walking, perceived crime and traffic safety were measured in 219 Nigerian adults. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the odds ratio for meeting health guidelines for MVPA and walking was calculated in relation to four safety variables, after adjustment for potential confounders. Sufficient MVPA was related to more perception of safety from traffic to walk (OR=2.28, CI=1.13- 6.25) and more safety from crime at night (OR=1.68, CI=1.07-3.64), but with less perception of safety from crime during the day to walk (OR=0.34, CI=0.06- 0.91). More crime safety during the day and night were associated with more walking. Perceived safety from crime and traffic were associated with physical activity among Nigerian adults. These findings provide preliminary evidence on the need to provide safe traffic and crime environments that will make it easier and more likely for African adults to be physically active.

Visual function, driving safety, and the elderly.

PubMed

Keltner, J L; Johnson, C A

1987-09-01

The authors have conducted a survey of the Departments of Motor Vehicles in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico requesting information about the visual standards, accidents, and conviction rates for different age groups. In addition, we have reviewed the literature on visual function and traffic safety. Elderly drivers have a greater number of vision problems that affect visual acuity and/or peripheral visual fields. Although the elderly are responsible for a small percentage of the total number of traffic accidents, the types of accidents they are involved in (e.g., failure to yield the right-of-way, intersection collisions, left turns onto crossing streets) may be related to peripheral and central visual field problems. Because age-related changes in performance occur at different rates for various individuals, licensing of the elderly driver should be based on functional abilities rather than age. Based on information currently available, we can make the following recommendations: (1) periodic evaluations of visual acuity and visual fields should be performed every 1 to 2 years in the population over age 65; (2) drivers of any age with multiple accidents or moving violations should have visual acuity and visual fields evaluated; and (3) a system should be developed for physicians to report patients with potentially unsafe visual function. The authors believe that these recommendations may help to reduce the number of traffic accidents that result from peripheral visual field deficits.

Study on the propagation and dissipation of inland ship congestion under different control strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yanyi; Wu, Hongyu; Wen, Zhe

2017-05-01

Inland waterway transportation is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system of sustainable development, and it is also a way of transportation which is restricted by natural conditions greatly. In recent years, the problems of insufficient traffic capacity of The Three Gorges become prominent due to the increasing in the number of ships. And the ship's detention caused by gale, frog, accident and one-way traffic in dry season has occurred, which not only increased the pressure of the navigable waterway but also seriously affected the safety of shipping. Based on the different types of ships, the Arena software was used to simulate the ship traffic flow. The paper analyzed the traffic congestion propagation and dissipation rule of the ship under different navigation control methods, and provided decision reference for the navigation management department to formulate the relevant navigation control strategy.

Road Safety Barriers, the Need and Influence on Road Traffic Accidents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butāns, Ž.; Gross, K. A.; Gridnevs, A.; Karzubova, E.

2015-11-01

Constantly increasing intensity of road traffic and the allowed speed limits seem to impose stronger requirements on road infrastructure and use of road safety systems. One of the ways to improve road safety is the use of road restraint systems. Road safety barriers allow not only reducing the number of road traffic accidents, but also lowering the severity of accidents. The paper provides information on the technical requirements of road safety barriers. Various types of road safety barriers and their selection criteria for different types of road sections are discussed. The article views an example of a road traffic accident, which is also modelled by PC-Crash computer program. The given example reflects a road accident mechanism in case of a car-to-barrier collision, and provides information about the typical damage to the car and the barrier. The paper describes an impact of the road safety barrier type and its presence on the road traffic accident mechanism. Implementation and maintenance costs of different barrier types are viewed. The article presents a discussion on the necessity to use road safety barriers, as well as their optimal choice.

Potential safety benefits of intelligent cruise control systems.

PubMed

Chira-Chavala, T; Yoo, S M

1994-04-01

Potential safety impact of a hypothetical intelligent cruise control system (ICCS) is evaluated in terms of changes in traffic accidents and some traffic operation characteristics affecting safety. The analysis of changes in traffic accidents is accomplished by in-depth examinations of police accident reports for four major counties in California. The evaluation of changes in traffic operation characteristics affecting safety is accomplished by vehicle simulation. The accident analysis reveals that the use of the hypothetical ICCS could potentially reduce traffic accidents by up to 7.5%. Preliminary vehicle simulation results based on a 10-vehicle convoy indicate that the use of the hypothetical ICCS could reduce frequencies of hard acceleration and deceleration, enhance speed harmonization among vehicles, and reduce incidence of "less-safe" headway.

Vision Zero--a road safety policy innovation.

PubMed

Belin, Matts-Åke; Tillgren, Per; Vedung, Evert

2012-01-01

The aim of this paper is to examine Sweden's Vision Zero road safety policy. In particular, the paper focuses on how safety issues were framed, which decisions were made, and what are the distinctive features of Vision Zero. The analysis reveals that the decision by the Swedish Parliament to adopt Vision Zero as Sweden's road safety policy was a radical innovation. The policy is different in kind from traditional traffic safety policy with regard to problem formulation, its view on responsibility, its requirements for the safety of road users, and the ultimate objective of road safety work. The paper briefly examines the implications of these findings for national and global road safety efforts that aspire to achieving innovative road safety policies in line with the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020, declared by the United Nations General Assembly in March 2010.

[The significance of the results of crash-tests with the use of the models of the pedestrians' lower extremities for the prevention of the traffic road accidents].

PubMed

Smirenin, S A; Fetisov, V A; Grigoryan, V G; Gusarov, A A; Kucheryavets, Yu O

The disabling injuries inflicted during road traffic accidents (RTA) create a serious challenge for the public health services and are at the same time a major socio-economic problem in the majority of the countries throughout the world. The injuries to the lower extremities of the pedestrians make up the largest fraction of the total number of the non-lethal RTA injuries. Most of them are responsible for the considerable deterioration of the quality of life for the participants in the accidents during the subsequent period. The objective of the present study was to summarize the currently available results of experimental testing of the biomechanical models of the pedestrians' lower extremities in the framework of the program for the prevention of the road traffic accidents as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2004). The European Enhanced Safety Vehicle Committee (EEVC) has developed a series of crash-tests with the use of the models of the pedestrians' lower extremities simulating the vehicle bumper-pedestrian impact. The models are intended for the assessment of the risk of the tibia fractures and the injuries to the knee joint ligaments. The experts of EEVC proposed the biomechanical criteria for the acceleration of the knee and talocrural parts of the lower limbs as well as for the shear displacement of the knee and knee-bending angle. The engineering solution of this problem is based on numerous innovation proposals being implemented in the machine-building industry with the purpose of reducing the stiffness of structural elements of the bumper and other front components of a modern vehicle designed to protect the pedestrians from severe injuries that can be inflicted in the road traffic accidents. The activities of the public health authorities (in the first place, bureaus of forensic medical expertise and analogous facilities) have a direct bearing on the solution of the problem of control of road traffic injuries because they are possessed of comprehensive and reliable objective information about all forms of the damage to health associated with vehicle-pedestrian collisions and their victims' condition. It is concluded that making use of the experience and professional knowledge of forensic medical experts and automotive specialists could considerably contribute to the enhancement of safety of all the participants in the vehicular traffic.

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Grade 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic skills, this curriculum guide for grade 4 deals with the how and why of traffic safety. Based on the introduction to highway safety rules and laws that students have mastered in grades K through 3, the program for grades 4 through…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Grade 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic skills, this curriculum guide for grade 5 deals with the how and why of traffic safety. Based on the introduction to highway safety rules and laws that students have mastered in grades K through 3, the program for grades 4 through…

The influence of traffic signal solutions on self-reported road-crossing behavior.

PubMed

Di Stasi, Leandro L; Megías, Alberto; Cándido, Antonio; Maldonado, Antonio; Catena, Andrés

2015-01-07

Injury to pedestrians is a major safety hazard in many countries. Since the beginning of the last century, modern cities have been designed around the use of motor vehicles despite the unfavourable interactions between the vehicles and pedestrians. This push towards urbanization resulted in a substantial number of crashes and fatalities involving pedestrians every day, all over the world. Thus, improving the design of urban cities and townships is a pressing issue for modern society. The study presented here provides a characterization of pedestrian safety problems, with the emphasis on signalized crosswalks (i.e. traffic signal) design solutions. We tested the impact of seven different traffic light configurations (steady [green, yellow, and red], flashing [green, yellow, and red], and light off) on pedestrian self-reported road-crossing behavior, using a 11-point scale -ranging from 0 ("I never cross in this situation") to 10 ("I always cross in this situation"). Results showed that mandatory solutions (steady green vs. steady red) are the best solutions to avoid unsafe pedestrian behaviors while crossing controlled intersections (frequency of crossing: Mgreen = 9.4 ± 1 vs. Mred = 2.6 ± 2). These findings offer important guidelines for the design of future traffic signals for encouraging a pedestrian/transit-friendly environment.

Safety performance of traffic phases and phase transitions in three phase traffic theory.

PubMed

Xu, Chengcheng; Liu, Pan; Wang, Wei; Li, Zhibin

2015-12-01

Crash risk prediction models were developed to link safety to various phases and phase transitions defined by the three phase traffic theory. Results of the Bayesian conditional logit analysis showed that different traffic states differed distinctly with respect to safety performance. The random-parameter logit approach was utilized to account for the heterogeneity caused by unobserved factors. The Bayesian inference approach based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was used for the estimation of the random-parameter logit model. The proposed approach increased the prediction performance of the crash risk models as compared with the conventional logit model. The three phase traffic theory can help us better understand the mechanism of crash occurrences in various traffic states. The contributing factors to crash likelihood can be well explained by the mechanism of phase transitions. We further discovered that the free flow state can be divided into two sub-phases on the basis of safety performance, including a true free flow state in which the interactions between vehicles are minor, and a platooned traffic state in which bunched vehicles travel in successions. The results of this study suggest that a safety perspective can be added to the three phase traffic theory. The results also suggest that the heterogeneity between different traffic states should be considered when estimating the risks of crash occurrences on freeways. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Improved truck safety at traffic signals (phase A).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-01-01

This project is developing new traffic signal control logic to improve the safety of heavy vehicles on high speed approaches to signalized intersections using wireless communications between the heavy vehicle and the traffic signal controller. The pr...

Traffic and safety management needs in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-01-01

A survey questionnaire was developed to identify traffic operations and safety management needs in Virginia. Form A of the questionnaire was mailed to 79 traffic engineering practitioners throughout Virginia and Form B was mailed to 78 law enforcemen...

49 CFR 501.2 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and maintenance, traffic control devices, identification and surveillance of accident locations, and... Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT.... (10) Section 20134(a), with respect to the laws administered by the National Highway Traffic Safety...

Evaluating performance of a Lead Road Safety Agency (LRSA) in a low-income country: a case study from Pakistan.

PubMed

Bhatti, Junaid A; Ahmed, Aizaz

2014-01-01

The World Health Organization recommends identifying a Lead Road Safety Agency (LRSA) within the government to coordinate preventive interventions. As LRSAs in developing countries have rarely been evaluated, this case study describes the performance of the LRSA of Pakistan with respect to the World Bank criteria. The designated LRSA, the National Road Safety Secretariat, was put into operation in 2006 and worked for about two years with World Bank funding. The agency had a stand-alone structure headed by an experienced road safety specialist during the first year only and faced difficulty in recruiting other required experts. The LRSA drafted the first National Road Safety Plan, including strategic review of road safety and existing legislation, articulated multisectorial collaboration nationally and provincially, and collected traffic injury data in some districts. Its progress was halted by its dissolution because of funding problems. Currently, two agencies specialising in traffic enforcement and transport research respectively are fulfilling LRSA functions on an ad-hoc basis. Results suggest that sustainability and consistency of LRSAs in developing countries like Pakistan may only be ensured if they are legally protected, inter-ministerial, have permanent funding and are provided with the required expertise through international cooperation, so they can perform their required functions effectively.

Usage of Video Analysis of Traffic Conflicts for the Evaluation of Inappropriately Designed Building Elements on Intersections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krivda, Vladislav; Petru, Jan

2018-04-01

Human society is constantly evolving in all areas. The transport is no exception – especially development of road transport is considerable and visible on all levels. However, it is necessary to look for tools that can harmonize economic and social progress with the full preservation of the environment for future generations. The so-called sustainable development of road transport is also closely related to the issue of creating safe transport infrastructure. For example, roads must be in compliance with technical rules on one hand and on the other one they have to be clearly understandable for all road participants (drivers, pedestrians, etc.). Unfortunately, even if the designer of transport construction meets the technical requirements, the result is a dangerous place where very frequently the accidents or traffic conflicts take place. There exist statistics of accidents, but on the contrary, there are not any statistics of traffic conflicts. And simply monitoring the traffic conflicts can lead to early detection of problematic places in road infrastructure and thus increasing the safety in the road traffic. There are many methods used for monitoring traffic conflicts. The method used in the Czech Republic is described in the submitted paper. The original method, which monitored mainly and only the behaviour of drivers and their mistakes, was innovated, so that it could be used also for evaluation of inappropriately designed building elements of road constructions. Therefore, the paper deals with the description of so-called Innovated Video Analysis of Traffic Conflicts (IVATC) and with the usage of this method for one particular example of intersection, where larger vehicles (buses, trucks, etc.) had problems with passing through it. It points out to the fact that even a relatively small change can lead to the increase of the road safety.

Can cycling safety be improved by opening all unidirectional cycle paths for cycle traffic in both directions? A theoretical examination of available literature and data.

PubMed

Methorst, Rob; Schepers, Paul; Kamminga, Jaap; Zeegers, Theo; Fishman, Elliot

2017-08-01

Many studies have found bicycle-motor vehicle crashes to be more likely on bidirectional cycle paths than on unidirectional cycle paths because drivers do not expect cyclists riding at the right side of the road. In this paper we discuss the hypothesis that opening all unidirectional cycle paths for cycle traffic in both directions prevent this lack of expectancy and accordingly improves cycling safety. A new national standard requires careful consideration because a reversal is difficult once cyclists are used to their new freedom of route choice. We therefore explored the hypothesis using available data, research, and theories. The results show that of the length of cycle paths along distributor roads in the Netherlands, 72% is bidirectional. If drivers would become used to cyclists riding at the left side of the road, this result raises the question of why bidirectional cycle paths in the Netherlands still have a poor safety record compared to unidirectional cycle paths. Moreover, our exploration suggested that bidirectional cycle paths have additional safety problems. It increases the complexity of unsignalized intersections because drivers have to scan more directions in a short period of time. Moreover, there are some indications that the likelihood of frontal crashes between cyclists increases. We reject the hypothesis that opening all unidirectional cycle paths for cycle traffic in both directions will improve cycle safety. We recommend more attention for mitigating measures given the widespread application of bidirectional cycle paths in the Netherlands. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prediction based active ramp metering control strategy with mobility and safety assessment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Jie; Tu, Lili

2018-04-01

Ramp metering is one of the most direct and efficient motorway traffic flow management measures so as to improve traffic conditions. However, owing to short of traffic conditions prediction, in earlier studies, the impact on traffic flow dynamics of the applied RM control was not quantitatively evaluated. In this study, a RM control algorithm adopting Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework to predict and assess future traffic conditions, which taking both the current traffic conditions and the RM-controlled future traffic states into consideration, was presented. The designed RM control algorithm targets at optimizing the network mobility and safety performance. The designed algorithm is evaluated in a field-data-based simulation. Through comparing the presented algorithm controlled scenario with the uncontrolled scenario, it was proved that the proposed RM control algorithm can effectively relieve the congestion of traffic network with no significant compromises in safety aspect.

Knowledge of and attitude towards road traffic codes among commercial motorcycle riders in Anambra State.

PubMed

Adogu, O U; Ilika, A L

2006-12-01

Road traffic accidents (rtas) represent a major epidemic of non communicable disease in the country and has since escalated with the introduction of the new phenomenon of commercial motorcycle transportation such as is found in the two urban towns of nnewi and Awka of Anambra state, Nigeria. making use of a pre-tested, semi structured, interviewer administered questionnaire, relevant data on socio demographic and motorcycle characteristics were collected from a sample of commercial motorcyclists selected by systematic sampling technique. their knowledge of and attitude towards road traffic and safety codes were elicited. The result showed that the all-male commercial motorcyclists had a mean age of 30+8.9 years. one hundred and seventy six (32.6%) possessed good knowledge of road traffic codes and safety, while 35 (6.5%) exhibited good attitude towards them. both knowledge of and attitude towards traffic codes and safety improved with increase in educational level (p<0.005, p<0.001 respectively). the younger motorcyclists also possessed statistically significant better knowledge of traffic codes than their older counterparts (p<0.025). attitude to traffic codes and safety had no association with age of the motorcyclists (p>0.25). the study has provided useful information on the knowledge of and attitude towards road traffic and safety codes among commercial motorcyclists in nigeria. pursuit of knowledge through formal and informal education should run pari pasu with efforts to improve the nigerian economy in order to ensure a sustainable positive attitudinal change towards road traffic codes and safety among commercial motorcyclists.

Is vehicle automation enough to prevent crashes? Role of traffic operations in automated driving environments for traffic safety.

PubMed

Jeong, Eunbi; Oh, Cheol; Lee, Seolyoung

2017-07-01

Automated driving systems (ADSs) are expected to prevent traffic accidents caused by driver carelessness on freeways. There is no doubt regarding this safety benefit if all vehicles in the transportation system were equipped with ADSs; however, it is implausible to expect that ADSs will reach 100% market penetration rate (MPR) in the near future. Therefore, the following question arises: 'Can ADSs, which consider only situations in the vicinity of an equipped vehicle, really contribute to a significant reduction in traffic accidents?' To address this issue, the interactions between equipped and unequipped vehicles must be investigated, which is the purpose of this study. This study evaluated traffic safety at different MPRs based on a proposed index to represent the overall rear-end crash risk of the traffic stream. Two approaches were evaluated for adjusting longitudinal vehicle maneuvers: vehicle safety-based maneuvering (VSM), which considers the crash risk of an equipped vehicle and its neighboring vehicles, and traffic safety-based maneuvering (TSM), which considers the overall crash risk in the traffic stream. TSM assumes that traffic operational agencies are able to monitor all the vehicles and to intervene in vehicle maneuvering. An optimization process, which attempts to obtain vehicle maneuvering control parameters to minimize the overall crash risk, is integrated into the proposed evaluation framework. The main purpose of employing the optimization process for vehicle maneuvering in this study is to identify opportunities to improve traffic safety through effective traffic management rather than developing a vehicle control algorithm that can be implemented in practice. The microscopic traffic simulator VISSIM was used to simulate the freeway traffic stream and to conduct systematic evaluations based on the proposed methodology. Both TSM and VSM achieved significant reductions in the potential for rear-end crashes. However, TSM obtained much greater reductions when the MPR was greater than 50%. This study should inspire transportation researchers and engineers to develop effective traffic operations strategies for automated driving environments. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Safety Action; Traffic and Pedestrian Safety. A Guide for Teachers in the Elementary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.

GRADES OR AGES: Elementary, grades 1-6. SUBJECT MATTER: Safety action, traffic and pedestrian safety. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: After introductory material explaining the philosophy of the guide, the elementary school child, characteristics of children as related to safety, and the responsibility of the safety team, the guide has…

Impact of real-time traffic characteristics on crash occurrence: Preliminary results of the case of rare events.

PubMed

Theofilatos, Athanasios; Yannis, George; Kopelias, Pantelis; Papadimitriou, Fanis

2018-01-04

Considerable efforts have been made from researchers and policy makers in order to explain road crash occurrence and improve road safety performance of highways. However, there are cases when crashes are so few that they could be considered as rare events. In such cases, the binary dependent variable is characterized by dozens to thousands of times fewer events (crashes) than non-events (non-crashes). This paper attempts to add to the current knowledge by investigating crash likelihood by utilizing real-time traffic data and by proposing a framework driven by appropriate statistical models (Bias Correction and Firth method) in order to overcome the problems that arise when the number of crashes is very low. Under this approach instead of using traditional logistic regression methods, crashes are considered as rare events In order to demonstrate this approach, traffic data were collected from three random loop detectors in the Attica Tollway ("Attiki Odos") located in Greater Athens Area in Greece for the 2008-2011 period. The traffic dataset consists of hourly aggregated traffic data such as flow, occupancy, mean time speed and percentage of trucks in traffic. This study demonstrates the application and findings of our approach and revealed a negative relationship between crash occurrence and speed in crash locations. The method and findings of the study attempt to provide insights on the mechanism of crash occurrence and also to overcome data considerations for the first time in safety evaluation of motorways. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic safety facts 1998 : alcohol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal traffic crash as being alcohol-related if either a driver or a nonoccupant (e.g., pedestrian) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 grams per deciliter (g/dl) or gre...

Traffic safety facts 1995 : alcohol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal traffic crash as being alcohol-related if either a driver or a nonoccupant (e.g., pedestrian) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 grams per deciliter (g/dl) or gre...

Traffic safety facts 1993 : alcohol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal traffic crash as being alcohol-related if either a driver or a nonoccupant (e.g., pedestrian) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 grams per deciliter (g/dl) or gre...

Traffic safety facts 2000 : alcohol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal traffic crash as being alcohol-related if either a driver or a nonoccupant (e.g., pedestrian) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 grams per deciliter (g/dl) or gre...

Traffic safety facts 1994 : alcohol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal traffic crash as being alcohol-related if either a driver or a nonoccupant (e.g., pedestrian) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 grams per deciliter (g/dl) or gre...

Traffic safety facts 1999 : alcohol

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) defines a fatal traffic crash as being alcohol-related if either a driver or a nonoccupant (e.g., pedestrian) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.01 grams per deciliter (g/dl) or gre...

Perceived crime and traffic safety is related to physical activity among adults in Nigeria

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Neighborhood safety is inconsistently related to physical activity, but is seldom studied in developing countries. This study examined associations between perceived neighborhood safety and physical activity among Nigerian adults. Methods In a cross-sectional study, accelerometer-based physical activity (MVPA), reported walking, perceived crime and traffic safety were measured in 219 Nigerian adults. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the odds ratio for meeting health guidelines for MVPA and walking was calculated in relation to four safety variables, after adjustment for potential confounders. Results Sufficient MVPA was related to more perception of safety from traffic to walk (OR=2.28, CI=1.13- 6.25) and more safety from crime at night (OR=1.68, CI=1.07-3.64), but with less perception of safety from crime during the day to walk (OR=0.34, CI=0.06- 0.91). More crime safety during the day and night were associated with more walking. Conclusions Perceived safety from crime and traffic were associated with physical activity among Nigerian adults. These findings provide preliminary evidence on the need to provide safe traffic and crime environments that will make it easier and more likely for African adults to be physically active. PMID:22520066

Vehicular camera pedestrian detection research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jiahui

2018-03-01

With the rapid development of science and technology, it has made great development, but at the same time of highway traffic more convenient in highway traffic and transportation. However, in the meantime, traffic safety accidents occur more and more frequently in China. In order to deal with the increasingly heavy traffic safety. So, protecting the safety of people's personal property and facilitating travel has become a top priority. The real-time accurate pedestrian and driving environment are obtained through a vehicular camera which are used to detection and track the preceding moving targets. It is popular in the domain of intelligent vehicle safety driving, autonomous navigation and traffic system research. Based on the pedestrian video obtained by the Vehicular Camera, this paper studies the trajectory of pedestrian detection and its algorithm.

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-3. Pedestrian Safety, Grade 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains nine lessons on pedestrian safety for use in grade 3. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Pedestrian Safety, Grade 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains eight lessons on pedestrian safety for use in grade 2. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Pedestrian Safety, Grades K-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains thirteen lessons on pedestrian safety for use in kindergarten and grade 1. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing…

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 13: Traffic Engineering Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 13 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on traffic engineering services. The introduction outlines the purposes and objectives of Highway Safety Program Standard 13 and the Highway Safety Program Manual. Program development and…

Seven Experiment Designs Addressing Problems of Safety and Capacity on Two-Lane Rural Highways : Volume 6. Experimental Design for Comparative Evaluation of Warning-Advisory and Regulatory Traffic Control Devices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-04-14

This report presents the results of the national evaluation of the South Lake Tahoe coordinated Transit System (CTS) Project. The CTS Project involved combining transit services offered by private and public sector stakeholders in South Lake Tahoe in...

Distracted driving: a neglected epidemic.

PubMed

Dildy, Dale W

2012-10-01

In 2009, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimated nearly 6,000 distracted driver fatalities and 515,000 injuries in the United States alone. Distracted driving is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed. Software is available to disable cell phone usage while driving, but using the advanced technology may require legislation along with a renewed sense of driver responsibility.

Risk Factors for Road Transport-Related Injury among Pedestrians in Rural Ghana: Implications for Road Safety Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch

2017-01-01

Objectives: Injuries and mortality resulting from pedestrian road traffic crashes are a major public health problem in Ghana. This study investigated risk factors for road transport-related injury among pedestrians in rural Ghana. Design: Case study design using qualitative data. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with pedestrians.…

Alcohol and highway safety in a public health perspective.

PubMed Central

Dickman, F B

1988-01-01

The Public Health Service and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration share the responsibility for problems related to injury prevention and control regarding the alcohol-impaired operation of motor vehicles. NHTSA activities have evolved over several decades within a general framework which emphasizes community-based systems. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is promoting program activities that stress community-level involvement in problems of alcohol and highway use. The public health approach to the mortality and morbidity resulting from alcohol use and motor vehicle operation entails examining and promoting those activities that address human factors. Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management (TEAM) is a cooperative effort representing sports, entertainment, insurance, vehicle manufacturer, and other organizations and agencies building community coalitions. The Centers for Disease Control is establishing research and collaborating centers to stimulate studies and exchange information on injury-related research. Alcohol countermeasures programs include training for law enforcement and legal officials, technology development efforts, and changes in laws applied to use of alcohol and other drugs. Outreach and networking activities have encouraged the initiation and coordination of community level groups active in promoting highway safety with regard to the use of alcohol. Statistical method changes are being discussed for surveillance of motor vehicle-related injuries for Health Objectives for the Nation for the Year 2000. NHTSA data systems being discussed are thought to be more timely and more sensitive to crash activity than methods now in use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:3141961

Speeding in highway work zone: An Evaluation of methods of speed control.

PubMed

Ravani, Bahram; Wang, Chao

2018-04-01

Highway workers frequently work in close proximity of live traffic in highway work zones, traffic accidents therefore have devastating effects on worker safety. In order to reduce the potential for such accidents, methods involving use of advisory signs and police presence have been used to mitigate accident risks and improve safety for highway workers. This research evaluates the magnitude of the speeding problem in highway work zones and the effects of four levels of police presence on improving work zone safety. Speed data were collected in six different work zone locations in northern and southern California and used to determine the magnitude and nature of speeding problem in highway work zones. In addition data were collected over 11 test-days in four work zones with four levels of police presence: radar speed display with police decal and lighting, passive use of a police vehicle with radar speed display, passive use of a police vehicle without radar speed display, and active police speed enforcement near work zones. This paper analyzes this data using statistical methods to evaluate the effectiveness of these different methods of speed control on the safety of the work zone. Four Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) were used in this evaluation consisting of average speed reduction, speed variance, 85th percentile speed, and proportion of high speed vehicles. The results indicate that all levels of police presence provided statistically significant improvements in one or more of the MOEs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

76 FR 74723 - New Car Assessment Program (NCAP); Safety Labeling

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 575 [Docket No. NHTSA 2010-0025] RIN 2127-AK51 New Car Assessment Program (NCAP); Safety Labeling AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION...

Evaluating the effectiveness of active vehicle safety systems.

PubMed

Jeong, Eunbi; Oh, Cheol

2017-03-01

Advanced vehicle safety systems have been widely introduced in transportation systems and are expected to enhance traffic safety. However, these technologies mainly focus on assisting individual vehicles that are equipped with them, and less effort has been made to identify the effect of vehicular technologies on the traffic stream. This study proposed a methodology to assess the effectiveness of active vehicle safety systems (AVSSs), which represent a promising technology to prevent traffic crashes and mitigate injury severity. The proposed AVSS consists of longitudinal and lateral vehicle control systems, which corresponds to the Level 2 vehicle automation presented by the National Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA). The effectiveness evaluation for the proposed technology was conducted in terms of crash potential reduction and congestion mitigation. A microscopic traffic simulator, VISSIM, was used to simulate freeway traffic stream and collect vehicle-maneuvering data. In addition, an external application program interface, VISSIM's COM-interface, was used to implement the AVSS. A surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) was used to derive indirect safety measures to evaluate the effectiveness of the AVSS. A 16.7-km freeway stretch between the Nakdong and Seonsan interchanges on Korean freeway 45 was selected for the simulation experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of AVSS. A total of five simulation runs for each evaluation scenario were conducted. For the non-incident conditions, the rear-end and lane-change conflicts were reduced by 78.8% and 17.3%, respectively, under the level of service (LOS) D traffic conditions. In addition, the average delay was reduced by 55.5%. However, the system's effectiveness was weakened in the LOS A-C categories. Under incident traffic conditions, the number of rear-end conflicts was reduced by approximately 9.7%. Vehicle delays were reduced by approximately 43.9% with 100% of market penetration rate (MPR). These results imply that from the perspective of traffic operations and control to address the safety and congestion issues of a traffic stream, smarter management strategies that consider both traffic conditions and MPR are required to fully exploit the effectiveness of the AVSS in the field. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies of vehicle lane-changing dynamics and its effect on traffic efficiency, safety and environmental impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiang; Sun, Jian-Qiao

2017-02-01

Drivers often change lanes on the road to maintain desired speed and to avoid slow vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles and lane closure. Understanding the effect of lane-changing on the traffic is an important topic in designing optimal traffic control systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study of this topic. We review the theory of microscopic dynamic car-following models and the lane-changing models, propose additional lane-changing rules to deal with moving bottleneck and lane reduction, and investigate the effects of lane-changing on the traffic efficiency, traffic safety and fuel consumption as a function of different variables including the distance of the emergency sign ahead of the lane closure, speed limit, traffic density, etc. Extensive simulations of the traffic system have been carried out in different scenarios. A number of important findings of the effect of various factors on the traffic are reported. These findings provide guidance on the traffic management and are important to the designers and engineers of modern highway or inner city roads to achieve high traffic efficiency and safety with minimum environmental impact.

Safety in the Air: A Curriculum about Flight and Air Traffic Control Designed for Middle School Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colton, Ted

This six-lesson unit is designed to familiarize sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students with air traffic safety and the individuals who make air traffic safety possible. Each lesson consists of a statement of the concept fostered, a list of objectives, a brief discussion on the focus of the unit, and instructional strategies for lesson topics…

Vessel traffic safety in busy waterways: A case study of accidents in western shenzhen port.

PubMed

Mou, J M; Chen, P F; He, Y X; Yip, Tsz Leung; Li, W H; Tang, J; Zhang, H Z

2016-08-03

Throughout the world, busy waterways near large ports witness heavy vessel traffic in recent decades. The waterways are characterized by high risk in terms of loss of life, property, and pollution to environment. To facilitate maritime safety management with satisfactory efficiency and efficacy, the authors propose a framework of safety indexes to evaluate the risk level in busy waterways according to the accident severity, fatality rate and special indicators of maritime transportation. The safety indexes consist of Safety Evaluation Index (SEI) and Safety Warning Index (SWI), and are derived from the proposed risk criteria of Chinese vessel traffic. As a case study, data on vessel traffic accidents reported in the Western Shenzhen Port, South China from 1995 to 2015 are analyzed. The actual risk level of this area during the period is calculated under the framework. The implementation of the safety indexes indicate that the risk criteria and safety indexes are practicable and effective for the vessel traffic management. The methodology based on long-term accident data can significantly support the risk analysis in the macroscopic perspective for busy ports and waterways, such that SWI can act as threshold to trigger actions, while SEI can act as an indicator to measure safety status. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The development of local calibration factors for implementing the highway safety manual in Maryland : research summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-03-01

One of the best strategies to improve traffic safety and reduce motor vehicle traffic : crashes is to provide well-planned engineering, education, and enforcement : countermeasures that are tailored to given crash, traffic, and roadway : characterist...

23 CFR 655.604 - Achieving basic uniformity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.604... the Highway Safety Program Guideline 21, “Roadway Safety.” Highway planning and research funds and...

Fatal and serious injury traffic crash trends in Michigan : 1995-1999

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

This is the latest report in a series documenting five-year trends in Michigan traffic crashes. This report provides background information necessary for the Michigan Office of Highway Safety Planning to set and evaluate traffic safety goals and to p...

23 CFR 655.604 - Achieving basic uniformity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS TRAFFIC OPERATIONS Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and Highways § 655.604... the Highway Safety Program Guideline 21, “Roadway Safety.” Highway planning and research funds and...

The association of road safety knowledge and risk behaviour with paediatric road traffic injury in Guangzhou, China.

PubMed

Dong, Xiaomei; Peek-Asa, Corinne; Yang, Jingzhen; Wang, Shengyong; Chen, Xiongfei; Chi, Guibo; Ramirez, Marizen

2011-02-01

This study describes road traffic injuries among school-aged children in Guangzhou, China, and examines the effect of road safety knowledge and risk behaviours on road traffic injuries. A stratified cluster sample of 3747 children from six primary schools and six middle schools in Guangzhou, China, was surveyed. Data were collected on sociodemographic factors and road traffic injuries during the past year. Knowledge about road safety rules was assessed using a 14-item road safety knowledge index, and risky road safety behaviours were measured using a 25-item road safety behaviour index. A total of 403 (10.8%) students reported having at least one road traffic injury during the past 12 months. A high proportion of injuries was found among children who were boys, in primary school and from the suburbs. Bicycle-related injuries were the most common (46.0% of all injuries). Motor vehicle-related injuries had higher hospitalisation rates and worse psychological impact than bicycle or pedestrian injuries. Children with low and medium road safety knowledge had 1.5 to 3 times the odds of injury compared with students with high road safety knowledge. Students with high scores on the risky road behaviour index had twice the odds of injury (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.84) compared with students with low scores. Better road safety knowledge and the avoidance of walking or cycling-related risk behaviours are protective factors for road traffic injuries among Chinese school children. More injury prevention programmes are needed to improve road safety knowledge and reduce risk behaviours.

Parental and Adolescent Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety Related to Adolescents’ Physical Activity in Their Neighborhood

PubMed Central

Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Carlson, Jordan A.; Conway, Terry L.; Cain, Kelli L.; Saelens, Brian E.; Frank, Lawrence D.; Glanz, Karen; Roman, Caterina G.; Sallis, James F.

2017-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the association between adolescent and parental perceptions of neighborhood safety and adolescents’ physical activity in multiple locations and to investigate the moderating effect of sex within this association. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted with 928 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years old and 1 of their parents. Adolescents and parents reported their perceptions of neighborhood safety (traffic safety, pedestrian safety, crime safety, and stranger danger safety). Adolescents reported how often they were physically active in multiple locations (physical activity in the neighborhood, in parks, and for active transport). Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to investigate these associations while controlling for demographics and the Walkability Index. Results Parent-perceived crime safety was positively associated with adolescents’ physical activity in parks (B = .094, p = .024). Parent-perceived traffic safety was positively associated with adolescents’ reported physical activity in the neighborhood (B = .186, p = .014). Adolescents’ physical activity for active transport was positively associated with parent-perceived traffic safety (B = .179, p = .001), stranger danger safety (B = .110, p = .013), and crime safety (B = .077, p = .035). There were 2 interactions by sex on the relation between adolescent traffic safety perception and parent pedestrian safety perception in the neighborhood and adolescents’ physical activity in parks (i.e., statistically significant only for boys). Conclusions Parents’ perceptions of traffic, stranger danger, and crime safety were all related to adolescents’ active transportation. Multiple safety concerns may be motivating parents to restrict adolescent mobility by walking and bicycling. PMID:27030158

Assessing the Impact of Local Agency Traffic Safety Training Using Ethnographic Techniques

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colling, Timothy K.

2010-01-01

Traffic crashes are a significant source of loss of life, personal injury and financial expense in the United States. In 2008 there were 37,261 people killed and an estimated 2,346,000 people injured nationwide in motor vehicle traffic crashes. State and federal agencies are beginning to focus traffic safety improvement effort on local agency…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Passenger Safety, Grade 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains four lessons and an appendix of school bus safety tips for use in grade 3. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing…

78 FR 43091 - Technical Operations Safety Action Program (T-SAP) and Air Traffic Safety Action Program (ATSAP)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-19

... Administration 14 CFR Part 193 [Docket No.: FAA-2013-0375] Technical Operations Safety Action Program (T-SAP) and Air Traffic Safety Action Program (ATSAP) AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Notice of Proposed Order Designating Safety Information as Protected from...

Cycling transport safety quantification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drbohlav, Jiri; Kocourek, Josef

2018-05-01

Dynamic interest in cycling transport brings the necessity to design safety cycling infrastructure. In las few years, couple of norms with safety elements have been designed and suggested for the cycling infrastructure. But these were not fully examined. The main parameter of suitable and fully functional transport infrastructure is the evaluation of its safety. Common evaluation of transport infrastructure safety is based on accident statistics. These statistics are suitable for motor vehicle transport but unsuitable for the cycling transport. Cycling infrastructure evaluation of safety is suitable for the traffic conflicts monitoring. The results of this method are fast, based on real traffic situations and can be applied on any traffic situations.

Evaluation of the efficacy of simulation games in traffic safety education of kindergarten children.

PubMed Central

Renaud, L; Suissa, S

1989-01-01

Using a simulation game designed to teach children to obey certain traffic safety rules, an experimental study was conducted with 136 five-year-old children in four Quebec schools. Within each classroom, subjects were randomly divided into four groups: three intervention groups and one control group. Each of the experimental groups was subjected to a different intervention with outcome measured using three instruments related to attitudes, behavior, and transfer of learning of pedestrian traffic safety. Results suggest that simulation games including role-playing/group dynamics and modeling/training can change attitudes and modify behavior in the area of pedestrian traffic safety in children of this age. PMID:2916716

Evaluation of the efficacy of simulation games in traffic safety education of kindergarten children.

PubMed

Renaud, L; Suissa, S

1989-03-01

Using a simulation game designed to teach children to obey certain traffic safety rules, an experimental study was conducted with 136 five-year-old children in four Quebec schools. Within each classroom, subjects were randomly divided into four groups: three intervention groups and one control group. Each of the experimental groups was subjected to a different intervention with outcome measured using three instruments related to attitudes, behavior, and transfer of learning of pedestrian traffic safety. Results suggest that simulation games including role-playing/group dynamics and modeling/training can change attitudes and modify behavior in the area of pedestrian traffic safety in children of this age.

77 FR 49859 - Proposed Traffic Records Program Assessment Advisory

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... States on the collection, management, and analysis of data used to inform highway and traffic safety... prioritize traffic safety issues and to choose appropriate countermeasures and evaluate their effectiveness. This document provides information on the contents, capabilities, and data quality attributes of an...

Operational improvements at traffic circles : safety analysis, final report, December 2008.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

The purpose of this study was to improve the safety and operation at three traffic circles in New : Jersey. To do this, data were collected at the traffic circles to allow researchers to model the : circles using the PARAMICS software simulation pack...

Safety analysis of urban signalized intersections under mixed traffic.

PubMed

S, Anjana; M V L R, Anjaneyulu

2015-02-01

This study examined the crash causative factors of signalized intersections under mixed traffic using advanced statistical models. Hierarchical Poisson regression and logistic regression models were developed to predict the crash frequency and severity of signalized intersection approaches. The prediction models helped to develop general safety countermeasures for signalized intersections. The study shows that exclusive left turn lanes and countdown timers are beneficial for improving the safety of signalized intersections. Safety is also influenced by the presence of a surveillance camera, green time, median width, traffic volume, and proportion of two wheelers in the traffic stream. The factors that influence the severity of crashes were also identified in this study. As a practical application, the safe values of deviation of green time provided from design green time, with varying traffic volume, is presented in this study. This is a useful tool for setting the appropriate green time for a signalized intersection approach with variations in the traffic volume. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Risk factors associated with traffic violations and accident severity in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Guangnan; Yau, Kelvin K W; Chen, Guanghan

2013-10-01

With the recent economic boom in China, vehicle volume and the number of traffic accident fatalities have become the highest in the world. Meanwhile, traffic accidents have become the leading cause of death in China. Systematically analyzing road safety data from different perspectives and applying empirical methods/implementing proper measures to reduce the fatality rate will be an urgent and challenging task for China in the coming years. In this study, we analyze the traffic accident data for the period 2006-2010 in Guangdong Province, China. These data, extracted from the Traffic Management Sector-Specific Incident Case Data Report, are the only officially available and reliable source of traffic accident data (with a sample size>7000 per year). In particular, we focus on two outcome measures: traffic violations and accident severity. Human, vehicle, road and environmental risk factors are considered. First, the results establish the role of traffic violations as one of the major risks threatening road safety. An immediate implication is: if the traffic violation rate could be reduced or controlled successfully, then the rate of serious injuries and fatalities would be reduced accordingly. Second, specific risk factors associated with traffic violations and accident severity are determined. Accordingly, to reduce traffic accident incidence and fatality rates, measures such as traffic regulations and legislation-targeting different vehicle types/driver groups with respect to the various human, vehicle and environment risk factors-are needed. Such measures could include road safety programs for targeted driver groups, focused enforcement of traffic regulations and road/transport facility improvements. Data analysis results arising from this study will shed lights on the development of similar (adjusted) measures to reduce traffic violations and/or accident fatalities and injuries, and to promote road safety in other regions. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

78 FR 39587 - Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 23 CFR Parts 1200... 2127-AL29 Uniform Procedures for State Highway Safety Grant Programs AGENCY: National Highway Traffic... governing the implementation of State highway safety grant programs as amended by the Moving Ahead for...

75 FR 66421 - Reports, Forms and Recordkeeping Requirements; Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-28

..., Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance (NVS-223), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, West... INFORMATION: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Title: Importation of Vehicles and Equipment Subject to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety, Bumper, and Theft Prevention Standards. OMB Number: 2127-0002...

Countermeasures that work : eighth edition : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has published its eighth edition of Countermeasures That Work. The guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) and other professionals interested in highway safety in se...

[Evidence-based effectiveness of road safety interventions: a literature review].

PubMed

Novoa, Ana M; Pérez, Katherine; Borrell, Carme

2009-01-01

Only road safety interventions with scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness should be implemented. The objective of this study was to identify and summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness of road safety interventions in reducing road traffic collisions, injuries and deaths. All literature reviews published in scientific journals that assessed the effectiveness of one or more road safety interventions and whose outcome measure was road traffic crashes, injuries or fatalities were included. An exhaustive search was performed in scientific literature databases. The interventions were classified according to the evidence of their effectiveness in reducing road traffic injuries (effective interventions, insufficient evidence of effectiveness, ineffective interventions) following the structure of the Haddon matrix. Fifty-four reviews were included. Effective interventions were found before, during and after the collision, and across all factors: a) the individual: the graduated licensing system (31% road traffic injury reduction); b) the vehicle: electronic stability control system (2 to 41% reduction); c) the infrastructure: area-wide traffic calming (0 to 20%), and d) the social environment: speed cameras (7 to 30%). Certain road safety interventions are ineffective, mostly road safety education, and others require further investigation. The most successful interventions are those that reduce or eliminate the hazard and do not depend on changes in road users' behavior or on their knowledge of road safety issues. Interventions based exclusively on education are ineffective in reducing road traffic injuries.

Research on the transfer learning of the vehicle logo recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Wei

2017-08-01

The Convolutional Neural Network of Deep Learning has been a huge success in the field of image intelligent transportation system can effectively solve the traffic safety, congestion, vehicle management and other problems of traffic in the city. Vehicle identification is a vital part of intelligent transportation, and the effective information in vehicles is of great significance to vehicle identification. With the traffic system on the vehicle identification technology requirements are getting higher and higher, the vehicle as an important type of vehicle information, because it should not be removed, difficult to change and other features for vehicle identification provides an important method. The current vehicle identification recognition (VLR) is mostly used to extract the characteristics of the method of classification, which for complex classification of its generalization ability to be some constraints, if the use of depth learning technology, you need a lot of training samples. In this paper, the method of convolution neural network based on transfer learning can solve this problem effectively, and it has important practical application value in the task of vehicle mark recognition.

Automatic Speech Recognition in Air Traffic Control: a Human Factors Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Karlsson, Joakim

1990-01-01

The introduction of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology into the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system has the potential to improve overall safety and efficiency. However, because ASR technology is inherently a part of the man-machine interface between the user and the system, the human factors issues involved must be addressed. Here, some of the human factors problems are identified and related methods of investigation are presented. Research at M.I.T.'s Flight Transportation Laboratory is being conducted from a human factors perspective, focusing on intelligent parser design, presentation of feedback, error correction strategy design, and optimal choice of input modalities.

Can a safety-in-numbers effect and a hazard-in-numbers effect co-exist in the same data?

PubMed

Elvik, Rune

2013-11-01

Safety-in-numbers denotes a non-linear relationship between exposure (traffic volume) and the number of accidents, characterised by declining risk as traffic volume increases. There is safety-in-numbers when the number of accidents increases less than proportional to traffic volume, e.g. a doubling of traffic volume is associated with less than a doubling of the number of accidents. Hazard-in-numbers, a less-used concept, refers to the opposite effect: the number of accidents increases more than in proportion to traffic volume, e.g. is more than doubled when traffic volume is doubled. This paper discusses whether a safety-in-numbers effect and a hazard-in-numbers effect can co-exist in the same data. It is concluded that both effects can exist in a given data set. The paper proposes to make a distinction between partial safety-in-numbers and complete safety-in-numbers. Another issue that has been raised in discussions about the safety-in-numbers effect is whether the effect found in some studies is an artefact created by the way exposure was measured. The paper discusses whether measuring exposure as a rate or a share, e.g. kilometres travelled per inhabitant per year, will generate a safety-in-numbers effect as a statistical artefact. It is concluded that this is the case. The preferred measure of exposure is a count of the number of road users. The count should not be converted to a rate or to the share any group of road user contribute to total traffic volume. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Driving behaviours, traffic risk and road safety: comparative study between Malaysia and Singapore.

PubMed

Khan, Saif ur Rehman; Khalifah, Zainab Binti; Munir, Yasin; Islam, Talat; Nazir, Tahira; Khan, Hashim

2015-01-01

The present study aims to investigate differences in road safety attitude, driver behaviour and traffic risk perception between Malaysia and Singapore. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among a sample of Singaporean (n = 187) and Malaysian (n = 313) road users. The data was analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling applied to measure comparative fit indices of Malaysian and Singaporean respondents. The results show that the perceived traffic risk of Malaysian respondents is higher than Singaporean counterparts. Moreover, the structural equation modelling has confirmed perceived traffic risk performing the role of full mediation between perceived driving skills and perceived road safety for both the countries, while perceived traffic skills was found to perform the role of partial mediation between aggression and anxiety, on one hand, and road safety, on the other hand, in Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, in both countries, a weak correlation between perceived driving skills, aggression and anxiety with perceived road safety was found, while a strong correlation exists with traffic risk perception. The findings of this study have been discussed in terms of theoretical, practical and conceptual implications for both scholars and policy-makers to better understand the young drivers' attitude and behaviour relationship towards road safety measures with a view to future research.

Analysis of traffic accidents in Romania, 2009.

PubMed

Călinoiu, Geovana; Minca, Dana Galieta; Furtunescu, Florentina Ligia

2012-01-01

This paper aimed to underline the main consequences of traffic accidents in Romania 2009 and their associated causes or circumstances. We identified some problematic geographic areas, some critical months or moments of the day and also the most frequent causes; all these should become targets for the future planning. The current analysis provides some priority criteria for public health interventions. So, the future national road safety strategy should be in line with the EU objectives, but also with the national priorities. Romania is far away from the average EU target for 2010 of halving the death by traffic accidents registered in 2001. To describe the circumstances and the consequences related to traffic accidents registered in Romania, for the year 2009. An ecological study was conducted. The traffic accidents circumstances were analyzed in terms of magnitude, geographic space, time and cause. The consequences were analyzed as affected people and damaged cars. A total of 28,627 traffic accidents were registered in Romania during the year 2009. 2,796 people were killed and 27,968 were hospitalized and 42,443 cars were damaged. 3 of 4 accidents were caused by violations on behalf of the car drivers. Most common violations in car drivers were excess of speed and priority violations (52.4%). Among the pedestrians, 7 of 10 accidents were caused by illegal crossing. A higher number of accidents occurred during the summer months and during the evening hours (from 5.00 pm till 8.00 pm). The traffic accidents represent a real public health problem in Romania and a serious burden for the health system. The gap between Romania and the other EU member states needs to be diminished in the next decade. In this purpose, the future national road safety strategy should be in line with the EU objectives, but also with the national priorities. Research is needed to understand the causes and the socio-economical impact of traffic accidents and to define appropriate national objectives.

Qualitative criteria and thresholds for low noise asphalt mixture design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaitkus, A.; Andriejauskas, T.; Gražulytė, J.; Šernas, O.; Vorobjovas, V.; Kleizienė, R.

2018-05-01

Low noise asphalt pavements are cost efficient and cost effective alternative for road traffic noise mitigation comparing with noise barriers, façade insulation and other known noise mitigation measures. However, design of low noise asphalt mixtures strongly depends on climate and traffic peculiarities of different regions. Severe climate regions face problems related with short durability of low noise asphalt mixtures in terms of considerable negative impact of harsh climate conditions (frost-thaw, large temperature fluctuations, hydrological behaviour, etc.) and traffic (traffic loads, traffic volumes, studded tyres, etc.). Thus there is a need to find balance between mechanical and acoustical durability as well as to ensure adequate pavement skid resistance for road safety purposes. Paper presents analysis of the qualitative criteria and design parameters thresholds of low noise asphalt mixtures. Different asphalt mixture composition materials (grading, aggregate, binder, additives, etc.) and relevant asphalt layer properties (air void content, texture, evenness, degree of compaction, etc.) were investigated and assessed according their suitability for durable and effective low noise pavements. Paper concluded with the overview of requirements, qualitative criteria and thresholds for low noise asphalt mixture design for severe climate regions.

An integrated approach to evaluate policies for controlling traffic law violations.

PubMed

Mehmood, Arif

2010-03-01

Modeling dynamics of the driver behavior is a complex problem. In this paper a system approach is introduced to model and to analyze the driver behavior related to traffic law violations in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. This paper demonstrates how the theoretical relationships between different factors can be expressed formally, and how the resulting model can assist in evaluating potential benefits of various policies to control the traffic law violations Using system approach, an integrated dynamic simulation model is developed, and model is tested to simulate the driver behavior for violating traffic laws during 2002-2007 in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The dynamic simulation model attempts to address the questions: (1) "what" interventions should be implemented to reduce and eventually control traffic violations which will lead to improving road safety and (2) "how" to justify those interventions will be effective or ineffective to control the violations in different transportation conditions. The simulation results reveal promising capability of applying system approach in the policy evaluation studies. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tri-level study of the causes of traffic accidents. Volume 1, Causal factor tabulations and assessments

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-03-31

This is the Final Report of the "Tri-Level Study of the Causes of Traffic Accidents," performed by the Indiana University Institute for Research in Public Safety (IRPS), under contract to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Contract N...

Traffic safety data : state data system quality varies and limited resources and coordination can inhibit further progress

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-04-01

GAOs analysis of traffic records assessmentsconducted for states by NHTSA technical teams or contractors at least every 5 yearsindicates that the quality of state traffic safety data systems varies across the six data systems maintained by s...

Alcohol abuse and traffic safety : a study of fatalities, DWI offenders, alcoholics, and court-related treatment approaches

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1970-06-26

Author's abstract: Methodology and conclusions on the role of the abusive use of alcohol in traffic safety were developed through three related projects. Project I is a case-history investigation of 616 traffic fatalities from metropolitan Wayne Coun...

23 CFR 1205.3 - Identification of National Priority Program Areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to guidelines issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the review procedure set forth in § 1205.4: (1) Alcohol and Other Drug Countermeasures (2) Police Traffic Services (3....3 Section 1205.3 Highways NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERAL HIGHWAY...

Expanding the seat belt program strategies toolbox: a starter kit for trying new program ideas : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-10-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has just : released a new resource for developing seat belt programs in : the traffic safety communityExpanding the Seat Belt Program : Toolbox: A Starter Kit for Trying New Program Ideas. : Resea...

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Passenger Safety, Grade 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains eight lessons for use in grade 2. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for highway users,…

77 FR 19132 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Bus Emergency Exits and Window Retention and Release

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-30

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 571 [Docket No. NHTSA-2012-0037] RIN 2127-AK20 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Bus Emergency Exits and Window Retention and Release AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department...

Knowledge of commercial bus drivers about road safety measures in Lagos, Nigeria.

PubMed

Okafor Ifeoma, P; Odeyemi Kofoworola, A; Dolapo Duro, C

2013-01-01

Road traffic injuries have persisted as a serious public health problem and much of the health burden is in developing countries. Over-speeding, poor enforcement of traffic regulations and commuter buses have been highly implicated in road traffic injuries in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine drivers' knowledge of selected road safety measures, i.e. the pre-requisites for driver's license, road signs and speed limits. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Lagos, Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to select the two motor parks used for the study and all the consenting commercial minibus drivers operating within the parks (407) were included in the study. Data was collected with a pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed with epi-info statistical software. Two hundred and sixty-one (64.1%) of them knew that Visual Acuity test should be done before obtaining driver's license and 53.8% knew the correct minimum age for obtaining driver's license. Only 1% of the drivers had correct knowledge of the driver's license authorities in Nigeria. The drivers had poor knowledge of road signs (59.0%) and poor knowledge of maximum speed limits (100%). The oldest, least educated and least experienced drivers had the poorest level of knowledge. The drivers demonstrated poor knowledge of road safety measures. There is need for driver education to improve their knowledge.

Quantitative safety assessment of air traffic control systems through system control capacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Jingjing

Quantitative Safety Assessments (QSA) are essential to safety benefit verification and regulations of developmental changes in safety critical systems like the Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems. Effectiveness of the assessments is particularly desirable today in the safe implementations of revolutionary ATC overhauls like NextGen and SESAR. QSA of ATC systems are however challenged by system complexity and lack of accident data. Extending from the idea "safety is a control problem" in the literature, this research proposes to assess system safety from the control perspective, through quantifying a system's "control capacity". A system's safety performance correlates to this "control capacity" in the control of "safety critical processes". To examine this idea in QSA of the ATC systems, a Control-capacity Based Safety Assessment Framework (CBSAF) is developed which includes two control capacity metrics and a procedural method. The two metrics are Probabilistic System Control-capacity (PSC) and Temporal System Control-capacity (TSC); each addresses an aspect of a system's control capacity. And the procedural method consists three general stages: I) identification of safety critical processes, II) development of system control models and III) evaluation of system control capacity. The CBSAF was tested in two case studies. The first one assesses an en-route collision avoidance scenario and compares three hypothetical configurations. The CBSAF was able to capture the uncoordinated behavior between two means of control, as was observed in a historic midair collision accident. The second case study compares CBSAF with an existing risk based QSA method in assessing the safety benefits of introducing a runway incursion alert system. Similar conclusions are reached between the two methods, while the CBSAF has the advantage of simplicity and provides a new control-based perspective and interpretation to the assessments. The case studies are intended to investigate the potential and demonstrate the utilities of CBSAF and are not intended for thorough studies of collision avoidance and runway incursions safety, which are extremely challenging problems. Further development and thorough validations are required to allow CBSAF to reach implementation phases, e.g. addressing the issues of limited scalability and subjectivity.

Analysis on influencing factors and decision-making of pedestrian crossing at intersections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Likun; Wang, Ziyang

2017-10-01

The city signal intersection always has complex traffic flow and many traffic accidents. As vulnerable participants, the proportion of traffic accidents involving pedestrians remain high. And a lot of insecure crossing behavior seriously reduce the safety of the intersection. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out in-depth study on the traversing characteristics of pedestrians, reveal the inherent laws of pedestrian crossing, and then put forward targeted measures to improve pedestrian traffic environment, protect pedestrian crossing safety and improve traffic efficiency.

Traffic records needs of the Highway Safety Division in Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-01-01

This study was conducted for the Highway Safety Division of Virginia in cooperation with the Traffic Records Information System Project initiated by the Governor's Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety, Wayne A. Whitham. The objective is the ...

Traffic safety performance measures for states and federal agencies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-08-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) have agreed on a minimum set of performance measures to be used by States and federal agencies in the development and implementation of beh...

Technology applications for traffic safety programs : a primer

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-09-01

This document explores how emerging digital and communications technology can advance safety on the Nations highways. The range of technology described in this report is available or will be available in the near future to improve traffic safety. ...

A novel downlink scheduling strategy for traffic communication system based on TD-LTE technology.

PubMed

Chen, Ting; Zhao, Xiangmo; Gao, Tao; Zhang, Licheng

2016-01-01

There are many existing classical scheduling algorithms which can obtain better system throughput and user equality, however, they are not designed for traffic transportation environment, which cannot consider whether the transmission performance of various information flows could meet comprehensive requirements of traffic safety and delay tolerance. This paper proposes a novel downlink scheduling strategy for traffic communication system based on TD-LTE technology, which can perform two classification mappings for various information flows in the eNodeB: firstly, associate every information flow packet with traffic safety importance weight according to its relevance to the traffic safety; secondly, associate every traffic information flow with service type importance weight according to its quality of service (QoS) requirements. Once the connection is established, at every scheduling moment, scheduler would decide the scheduling order of all buffers' head of line packets periodically according to the instant value of scheduling importance weight function, which calculated by the proposed algorithm. From different scenario simulations, it can be verified that the proposed algorithm can provide superior differentiated transmission service and reliable QoS guarantee to information flows with different traffic safety levels and service types, which is more suitable for traffic transportation environment compared with the existing popularity PF algorithm. With the limited wireless resource, information flow closed related to traffic safety will always obtain priority scheduling right timely, which can help the passengers' journey more safe. Moreover, the proposed algorithm cannot only obtain good flow throughput and user fairness which are almost equal to those of the PF algorithm without significant differences, but also provide better realtime transmission guarantee to realtime information flow.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Road Safety Education Intervention for Pre-Drivers: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poulter, Damian R.; McKenna, Frank P.

2010-01-01

Background: Young drivers are overrepresented in road traffic fatalities and collisions. Attempts to address this problem with pre-driver education have not met with unambiguous success. However, there is a lack of research on whether pre-driver education can change psychological antecedents to behaviour. Aims: The framework of the theory of…

Seven Experiment Designs Addressing Problems of Safety and Capacity on Two-Lane Rural Highways : Volume 7. Experimental Design to Develop and Evaluate Measures for Reducing the Effects of Roadside Friction on Traffic Flow

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-04-01

This operational test case study is one of six performed in response to a Volpe National Transportation Systems Center technical task directive (TTD) to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) entitled, "IVHS Institutional Issues and Ca...

Technological Support for Logistics Transportation Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bujak, Andrzej; Śliwa, Zdzisław; Gębczyńska, Alicja

The modern world is changing introducing robots, remotely controlled vehicles and other crewless means of transportation to reduce people's mistakes, as the main cause of incidents and crashes during traffic. New technologies are supporting operators and drivers, and according to some studies they can even replace them. Such programs as: AHS, UAH, IVBSS or MTVR are under development to improve traffic flow and its safety, to reduce traffic hazards and crashes. It is necessary to analyze such concepts and implement them boldly, including Polish logistics' companies, new programs, highways' system etc., as they will be applied in the future, so it is necessary to prepare logistics infrastructure ahead of time in order to capitalize on these improvements. The problem is quite urgent as transportation in the country must not be outdated to meet clients' expectations and to keep pace with competing foreign companies.

A Comparative Analysis of State Traffic Safety Countermeasures and Implications for Progress “Toward Zero Deaths” in the United States : Traffic Safety Facts - Research Note

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-10-01

States use a variety of countermeasures to reduce traffic crashes, injuries, and fatalities within their jurisdictions. These countermeasures focus primarily on engineering, law enforcement, and public education (NHTSA, 2006). NHTSA's bi-annual publi...

Safety Case Development as an Information Modelling Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, Robert

This paper considers the benefits from applying information modelling as the basis for creating an electronically-based safety case. It highlights the current difficulties of developing and managing large document-based safety cases for complex systems such as those found in Air Traffic Control systems. After a review of current tools and related literature on this subject, the paper proceeds to examine the many relationships between entities that can exist within a large safety case. The paper considers the benefits to both safety case writers and readers from the future development of an ideal safety case tool that is able to exploit these information models. The paper also introduces the idea that the safety case has formal relationships between entities that directly support the safety case argument using a methodology such as GSN, and informal relationships that provide links to direct and backing evidence and to supporting information.

Restoration of Motion-Blurred Image Based on Border Deformation Detection: A Traffic Sign Restoration Model

PubMed Central

Zeng, Yiliang; Lan, Jinhui; Ran, Bin; Wang, Qi; Gao, Jing

2015-01-01

Due to the rapid development of motor vehicle Driver Assistance Systems (DAS), the safety problems associated with automatic driving have become a hot issue in Intelligent Transportation. The traffic sign is one of the most important tools used to reinforce traffic rules. However, traffic sign image degradation based on computer vision is unavoidable during the vehicle movement process. In order to quickly and accurately recognize traffic signs in motion-blurred images in DAS, a new image restoration algorithm based on border deformation detection in the spatial domain is proposed in this paper. The border of a traffic sign is extracted using color information, and then the width of the border is measured in all directions. According to the width measured and the corresponding direction, both the motion direction and scale of the image can be confirmed, and this information can be used to restore the motion-blurred image. Finally, a gray mean grads (GMG) ratio is presented to evaluate the image restoration quality. Compared to the traditional restoration approach which is based on the blind deconvolution method and Lucy-Richardson method, our method can greatly restore motion blurred images and improve the correct recognition rate. Our experiments show that the proposed method is able to restore traffic sign information accurately and efficiently. PMID:25849350

Restoration of motion-blurred image based on border deformation detection: a traffic sign restoration model.

PubMed

Zeng, Yiliang; Lan, Jinhui; Ran, Bin; Wang, Qi; Gao, Jing

2015-01-01

Due to the rapid development of motor vehicle Driver Assistance Systems (DAS), the safety problems associated with automatic driving have become a hot issue in Intelligent Transportation. The traffic sign is one of the most important tools used to reinforce traffic rules. However, traffic sign image degradation based on computer vision is unavoidable during the vehicle movement process. In order to quickly and accurately recognize traffic signs in motion-blurred images in DAS, a new image restoration algorithm based on border deformation detection in the spatial domain is proposed in this paper. The border of a traffic sign is extracted using color information, and then the width of the border is measured in all directions. According to the width measured and the corresponding direction, both the motion direction and scale of the image can be confirmed, and this information can be used to restore the motion-blurred image. Finally, a gray mean grads (GMG) ratio is presented to evaluate the image restoration quality. Compared to the traditional restoration approach which is based on the blind deconvolution method and Lucy-Richardson method, our method can greatly restore motion blurred images and improve the correct recognition rate. Our experiments show that the proposed method is able to restore traffic sign information accurately and efficiently.

Safety Belt Use: Traffic Safety Tips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This fact sheet, NHTSA Facts: Summer 1996, discusses traffic safety tips for wearing seat belts. It describes the correct way to wear a seat belt, how to sit, and differentiates between lap belts and shoulder belts. It points out that air bags provid...

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Bicycle Safety, Grades K-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains nine lessons on sidewalk vehicles and bicycles for use in kindergarten and grade 1. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing…

Highway Safety Program Manual: Volume 15: Police Traffic Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (DOT), Washington, DC.

Volume 15 of the 19-volume Highway Safety Program Manual (which provides guidance to State and local governments on preferred highway safety practices) focuses on police traffic services. The purpose and objectives of a police services program are described. Federal authority in the areas of highway safety and policies regarding a police traffic…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Bicycle Safety, Grade 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains ten lessons on bicycles for use in grade 2. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for highway users,…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Bicycle Safety, Grade 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide for grade 3 contains seven lessons on bicycles and an appendix on conducting a bicycle rodeo. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing…

Arizona Traffic Safety Education, K-8. Passenger Safety, Grades K-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mesa Public Schools, AZ.

One in a series designed to assist Arizona elementary and junior high school teachers in developing children's traffic safety skills, this curriculum guide contains nine lessons for use in kindergarten and grade 1. Introductory information provided for the teacher includes basic highway safety concepts, stressing communication methods for highway…

An Elementary Algorithm for Autonomous Air Terminal Merging and Interval Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Allan L.

2017-01-01

A central element of air traffic management is the safe merging and spacing of aircraft during the terminal area flight phase. This paper derives and examines an algorithm for the merging and interval managing problem for Standard Terminal Arrival Routes. It describes a factor analysis for performance based on the distribution of arrivals, the operating period of the terminal, and the topology of the arrival routes; then presents results from a performance analysis and from a safety analysis for a realistic topology based on typical routes for a runway at Phoenix International Airport. The heart of the safety analysis is a statistical derivation on how to conduct a safety analysis for a local simulation when the safety requirement is given for the entire airspace.

Unstoppable The Gap Between Public Safety and Traffic Safety in the Age of Driverless Cars

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

themselves, what will the increase in traffic safety cost society in terms of public safety? • What can public safety and homeland security...industry. Safer products are more marketable products, and companies that work with law enforcement for the benefit of public safety may have an...secondary public safety benefit of crime suppression. Reasonable suspicion to stop a vehicle would be an infrequent occurrence, and the legal authority

The importance of spatial orientation and knowledge of traffic signs for children's traffic safety.

PubMed

Trifunović, Aleksandar; Pešić, Dalibor; Čičević, Svetlana; Antić, Boris

2017-05-01

Pre-school children, as well as children from lower grades in primary school, who although rarely, completely independently participate in traffic, represent a vulnerable population from the standpoint of traffic safety. The greatest number of children were injured or killed in road traffic crashes on their way from home to kindergarten or school. Mostly due to lack of experience, children's behavior is confusing and often reckless and hasty. Safe behavior in the traffic environment demands certain cognitive skills. Unlike adults, children have less than fully developed peripheral vision. Also, changes occur in color perception, i.e. discrimination. All this leads to the conclusion that the stage of physical and mental development of the child is very important for safe participation in traffic. So, to estimate if they are sufficiently equipped to participate safely in traffic, a sensitive test for young children that may be suitable for their level of cognitive development is required. Accordingly, road safety education should be arranged in such a way that considers the child's level of development, as has been shown to be more effective when started at younger ages. Play is the most natural and easiest way of learning because it is the lens through which children experience their world, and the world of others. Having this in mind, if we want to measure the abilities of a child, and their preparedness for safety participation in traffic, unavoidable is to use non-verbal tests. The purpose of this study is to explore primary schooler's spatial, and abilities of color perception and memorization, as well as their performances in interpreting the meaning of traffic signs. In addition, neighborhood environmental correlates (rural-urban) and possible individual differences influences on the relationship among these abilities was examined. Knowledge about these factors affecting children's safety can be applied to improve relevant intervention measures for promoting safe participation of young children in traffic. It may constitute the basis for effective classroom work which implies the creation of individualized educational plans and programs, through which road safety skills could be acquired and adopted through play. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Process overview of the high-visibility enforcement programs targeting handheld device users in California and Delaware.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the California Office of Traffic Safety, and the Delaware Highway Safety Office demonstrated State high-visibility enforcement (HVE) programs to reduce handheld phone use while driving. HVE was cond...

National Park Service Traffic Safety Management System Concept.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-04-30

It is the responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) to ensure the safety of visitors traveling on its roads. To accomplish this task, the NPS needs to know the status of traffic safety within the parks to understand where improvements are nee...

Fine-Tuning ADAS Algorithm Parameters for Optimizing Traffic ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

With the development of the Connected Vehicle technology that facilitates wirelessly communication among vehicles and road-side infrastructure, the Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be adopted as an effective tool for accelerating traffic safety and mobility optimization at various highway facilities. To this end, the traffic management centers identify the optimal ADAS algorithm parameter set that enables the maximum improvement of the traffic safety and mobility performance, and broadcast the optimal parameter set wirelessly to individual ADAS-equipped vehicles. After adopting the optimal parameter set, the ADAS-equipped drivers become active agents in the traffic stream that work collectively and consistently to prevent traffic conflicts, lower the intensity of traffic disturbances, and suppress the development of traffic oscillations into heavy traffic jams. Successful implementation of this objective requires the analysis capability of capturing the impact of the ADAS on driving behaviors, and measuring traffic safety and mobility performance under the influence of the ADAS. To address this challenge, this research proposes a synthetic methodology that incorporates the ADAS-affected driving behavior modeling and state-of-the-art microscopic traffic flow modeling into a virtually simulated environment. Building on such an environment, the optimal ADAS algorithm parameter set is identified through an optimization programming framework to enable th

Qualitative study to explore stakeholder perceptions related to road safety in Hyderabad, India.

PubMed

Tetali, Shailaja; Lakshmi, J K; Gupta, Shivam; Gururaj, G; Wadhwaniya, Shirin; Hyder, Adnan A

2013-12-01

The Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Programme in India focuses on reduction of drink driving and increase in helmet usage in the city of Hyderabad. During the early stages of implementation, perceptions of stakeholders on road safety were explored as part of the monitoring and evaluation process for a better understanding of areas for improving road safety in Hyderabad. Fifteen in-depth interviews with government officials, subject experts, and road traffic injury victims, and four focus group discussions with trauma surgeons, medical interns, nurses, and taxi drivers were conducted, analysed manually, and presented as themes. Respondents found Hyderabad unsafe for road-users. Factors such as inadequate traffic laws, gaps in enforcement, lack of awareness, lack of political will, poor road engineering, and high-risk road users were identified as threats to road safety. The responsibility for road safety was assigned to both individual road-users and the government, with the former bearing the responsibility for safe traffic behaviour, and the latter for infrastructure provision and enforcement of regulations. The establishment of a lead agency to co-ordinate awareness generation, better road engineering, and stricter enforcement of traffic laws with economic and non-economic penalties for suboptimal traffic behaviour, could facilitate improved road safety in Hyderabad. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic safety facts 1996 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-12-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 2005 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-01-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 2006 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Statewide traffic safety study phase I : review of current traffic safety research, practice, analytical procedures, and databases [technical summary report].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-03-01

In the last decade, Louisianas traffic related fatality rate has consistently put Louisiana within the : top eight highest ranking states in the nation with regard to such; in 2001, Louisiana tied with : Montana and South Carolina as states with t...

Traffic safety facts 2000 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-12-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 2001 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-12-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 1998 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 2002 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-01-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 2003 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 1999 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-12-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Traffic safety facts 1994 : a compilation of motor vehicle crash data from the fatality analysis reporting system and the general estimates system

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-08-01

This annual report presents descriptive statistics about traffic crashes of all severities, from those that result in property damage to those that result in the loss of human life. Information from two of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administ...

Urban planning and traffic safety at night

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ispas, N.; Trusca, D.

2016-08-01

Urban planning including traffic signs serve vital functions, providing road users with regulatory, warning and guidance information about the roadway and surrounding environment. There are a large number of signs and even more guidelines on how these signs should be designed, installed, and maintained in concordance with on road surface traffic signs. More requirements for signs are made for night urban traffic, including appearance (size, shape, colour), placement (height, lateral, and longitudinal), maintenance (visibility, position, damage) and signs light and retroreflective. In the night, traffic signs visibility can interact by on pedestrian visibility and diminish urban traffic safety. The main aim of this paper are the scientific determination of an urban specific zone visibility for evaluate at night real conditions in case of a traffic accident in the Braşov city area. The night visibility study was made using PC-Rect version 4.2. Other goal of the paper was to modify some urban planning solution in order to increase the urban safety in Brașov.

Associations of traffic safety attitudes and ticket fixing behaviours with the crash history of Pakistani drivers.

PubMed

Durrani, Mohsin; Waseem, Hunniya; Bhatti, Junaid A; Razzak, Junaid A; Naseer, Rizwan

2012-01-01

The study assessed whether traffic safety attitudes and ticket fixing behaviours were associated with the crash history. A total of 4018 male drivers from Lahore city participated in this cross sectional study. Most were aged 18-30 years (58.7%, n = 2362), 71.9% (n = 2887) received a traffic ticket, 66.5% (n = 2672) reported previous traffic ticket fixing and 71.3% (n = 2865) considered crashes as being the will of God. Crash history was reported by 95.4% (n = 3821) of drivers, and 58.2% of them reported being involved in a road traffic crash. The likelihood of reporting a previous crash was higher in those who had received a traffic sign violation ticket [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.15-1.72], were involved in traffic ticket fixing (aOR = 1.28; 95%CI = 1.07-1.53), and considered crashes as will of God (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.57-2.22). These results suggested the need for improving traffic enforcement monitoring and safety education in Pakistan.

Roads to Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hauer, Ezra

1991-01-01

Contends that the level of safety built into roads is largely unpremeditated and that roads and highways are not as safe as they might be. Discusses practices, standards, and deficiencies in highway and traffic safety related to geometric design and traffic engineering. Recommends increased transportation engineering professionalism and public…

Effectiveness of maritime safety control in different navigation zones using a spatial sequential DEA model: Yangtze River case.

PubMed

Wu, Bing; Wang, Yang; Zhang, Jinfen; Savan, Emanuel Emil; Yan, Xinping

2015-08-01

This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of maritime safety control from the perspective of safety level along the Yangtze River with special considerations for navigational environments. The influencing variables of maritime safety are reviewed, including ship condition, maritime regulatory system, human reliability and navigational environment. Because the former three variables are generally assumed to be of the same level of safety, this paper focuses on studying the impact of navigational environments on the level of safety in different waterways. An improved data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is proposed by treating the navigational environment factors as inputs and ship accident data as outputs. Moreover, because the traditional DEA model cannot provide an overall ranking of different decision making units (DMUs), the spatial sequential frontiers and grey relational analysis are incorporated into the DEA model to facilitate a refined assessment. Based on the empirical study results, the proposed model is able to solve the problem of information missing in the prior models and evaluate the level of safety with a better accuracy. The results of the proposed DEA model are further compared with an evidential reasoning (ER) method, which has been widely used for level of safety evaluations. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted to better understand the relationship between the variation of navigational environments and level of safety. The sensitivity analysis shows that the level of safety varies in terms of traffic flow. It indicates that appropriate traffic control measures should be adopted for different waterways to improve their safety. This paper presents a practical method of conducting maritime level of safety assessments under dynamic navigational environment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

DOE PAGES

Zheng, Jianfeng; Liu, Henry X.

2017-04-17

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimatemore » traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model in this paper vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Finally, considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.« less

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zheng, Jianfeng; Liu, Henry X.

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimatemore » traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model in this paper vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Finally, considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.« less

K-9 Traffic Safety Resource Curriculum. Level C. Professional Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Governor's Highway Safety Program Office, Raleigh, NC.

One of four curriculum guides designed to aid teachers of grades K-9 in implementing a balanced, dynamic traffic safety program, this level C guide contains materials for teachers of grades 4-6. Four units in pedestrian, bicycle, school bus, and passenger safety are presented, and minicycle and optional farm vehicle safety units are introduced.…

Road safety perspectives among employees of a multinational corporation in urban India: local context for global injury prevention.

PubMed

Jacoby, Sara F; Winston, Flaura K; Richmond, Therese S

2017-12-01

In rapidly developing economies, like urban India, where road traffic injury rates are among the world's highest, the corporate workplace offers a non-traditional venue for road safety interventions. In partnership with a major multinational corporation (MNC) with a large Indian workforce, this study aimed to elicit local employee perspectives on road safety to inform a global corporate health platform. The safety attitudes and behaviours of 75 employees were collected through self-report survey and focus groups in the MNC offices in Bangalore and Pune. Analysis of these data uncovered incongruity between employee knowledge of safety strategies and their enacted safety behaviours and identified local preference for interventions and policy-level actions. The methods modelled by this study offer a straightforward approach for eliciting employee perspective for local road safety interventions that fit within a global strategy to improve employee health. Study findings suggest that MNCs can employ a range of strategies to improve the road traffic safety of their employees in settings like urban India including: implementing corporate traffic safety policy, making local infrastructure changes to improve road and traffic conditions, advocating for road safety with government partners and providing employees with education and access to safety equipment and safe transportation options.

What Have we Learned about Intelligent Transportation Systems?

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1980-01-01

The Traffic Planning manual is a reference of basic traffic enginnering techniques and their potential for improving traffic flow and traffic safety of urban arterial streets and highways. The manual identifies the traffic engineering measure appropr...

A review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety.

PubMed

Theofilatos, Athanasios; Yannis, George

2014-11-01

Taking into consideration the increasing availability of real-time traffic data and stimulated by the importance of proactive safety management, this paper attempts to provide a review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety, identify the gaps and discuss the needs for further research. Despite the existence of generally mixed evidence on the effect of traffic parameters, a few patterns can be observed. For instance, traffic flow seems to have a non-linear relationship with accident rates, even though some studies suggest linear relationship with accidents. On the other hand, increased speed limits have found to have a straightforward positive relationship with accident occurrence. Regarding weather effects, the effect of precipitation is quite consistent and leads generally to increased accident frequency but does not seem to have a consistent effect on severity. The impact of other weather parameters on safety, such as visibility, wind speed and temperature is not found straightforward so far. The increasing use of real-time data not only makes easier to identify the safety impact of traffic and weather characteristics, but most importantly makes possible the identification of their combined effect. The more systematic use of these real-time data may address several of the research gaps identified in this research. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Controlling factors of the parental safety perception on children's travel mode choice.

PubMed

Nevelsteen, Kristof; Steenberghen, Thérèse; Van Rompaey, Anton; Uyttersprot, Liesbeth

2012-03-01

The travel mode of children changed significantly over the last 20 years, with a decrease of children travelling as pedestrians or cyclists. This study focuses on six to twelve year old children. Parents determine to a large extent the mode choice of children in this age category. Based on the analysis of an extensive survey, the research shows that traffic infrastructure has a significant impact on parental decision making concerning children's travel mode choice, by affecting both the real and the perceived traffic safety. Real traffic safety is quantified in terms of numbers of accidents and road infrastructure. For the perceived traffic safety a parental allowance probability is calculated per road type to show that infrastructure characteristics influence parental decision making on the children's mode choice. A binary logistic model shows that this allowance is determined by age, gender and traffic infrastructure near the child's home or near destinations frequently visited by children. Since both real and perceived traffic safety are influenced by infrastructure characteristics, a spatial analysis of parental perception and accident statistics can be used to indicate the locations where infrastructure improvements will be most effective to increase the number of children travelling - safely - as pedestrians or cyclists. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Seven Experiment Designs Addressing Problems of Safety and Capacity on Two-Lane Rural Highways : Volume 3. Experimental Design to Evaluate MUTCD and Other Traffic Controls for Highway Construction and Maintenance Operations on Two-Lane Highways

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-11-01

The purpose of Task A was to conduct a literature review of human factors-applicable articles associated with Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) and ATIS-related commercial vehicle operations (CVO) systems. Specifically, Task A was to asses...

Seven Experiment Designs Addressing Problems of Safety and Capacity on Two-Lane Rural Highways : Volume 8. Experimental Design and Evaluate Remedial Aids for Intersections with Inadequate Sight Distance

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-01-01

Americans lose 3.7 billion hours and 2.3 billion gallons of fuel every year sitting in traffic jams, and nearly 24 percent of non-recurring freeway delay, or about 482 million hours, is attributed to work zones. To combat the country's growing transp...

Analysis of Child-related Road Traffic Accidents in Vietnam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vu, Anh Tuan; Nguyen, Dinh Vinh Man

2018-04-01

In recent years, the number of road traffic accidents, fatalities and injuries have been decreasing, but the figures of children road traffic accidents have been increasing in Ho Chi Minh City of Vietnam. This fact strongly calls for implementing effective solutions to improve traffic safety for children by the local government. This paper presents the trends, patterns and causes of road traffic accidents involving children based on the analysis of road traffic accident data over the period 2010-2015 and the video-based observations of road traffic law violations at 15 typical school gates and 10 typical roads. The results could be useful for the city government to formulate solutions to effectively improve traffic safety for children in Ho Chi Minh City and other cities in Vietnam.

Features of the traffic accidents happened in the province of Aydın between 2005 and 2011.

PubMed

Dirlik, Musa; Bostancıoğlu, Başak Çakır; Elbek, Tülay; Korkmaz, Bedir; Çallak Kallem, Füsun; Gün, Berk

2014-09-01

In this study, it was aimed to analyze the traffic accidents with postmortem examinations and autopsies. From the one thousand eight hundred and fifteen forensic autopsies, reports of 334 traffic accidents were searched. Features such as the scene of the accident, type of the accident, type of the vehicles involved in the accident, the year, season, day and hour of the accident, the positions of the victims in the traffic, concomitant orthopedic injuries, whether autopsy was performed, and cause of death were investigated. Among the one thousand eight hundred and fifteen forensic death cases, observed cause of death was determined to be traffic accidents in 334 (18.4%) cases. Male cases accounted 84.1%, and male to female ratio was 5.3 to 1. From the reports, 32.6% of the accidents happened in summer and most commonly during holidays (33%). The rate of the accidents happened in the city center was 35.3% and 32.9% of these cases died due to pedestrian collision. Moreover, it was determined that the most injured person was the driver. Automobiles took the lead in the causes of the traffic accidents. It is realized that traffic accident-related deaths have a substantial place among forensic deaths and continue to be an important public health problem. It is conspicuous that improving public education on traffic safety, increasing traffic management and control measures are of great significance.

Development of a real-time crash risk prediction model incorporating the various crash mechanisms across different traffic states.

PubMed

Xu, Chengcheng; Wang, Wei; Liu, Pan; Zhang, Fangwei

2015-01-01

This study aimed to identify the traffic flow variables contributing to crash risks under different traffic states and to develop a real-time crash risk model incorporating the varying crash mechanisms across different traffic states. The crash, traffic, and geometric data were collected on the I-880N freeway in California in 2008 and 2009. This study considered 4 different traffic states in Wu's 4-phase traffic theory. They are free fluid traffic, bunched fluid traffic, bunched congested traffic, and standing congested traffic. Several different statistical methods were used to accomplish the research objective. The preliminary analysis showed that traffic states significantly affected crash likelihood, collision type, and injury severity. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA) was conducted to identify the underlying phenomena that made certain traffic states more hazardous than others. The results suggested that different traffic states were associated with various collision types and injury severities. The matching of traffic flow characteristics and crash characteristics in NLCCA revealed how traffic states affected traffic safety. The logistic regression analyses showed that the factors contributing to crash risks were quite different across various traffic states. To incorporate the varying crash mechanisms across different traffic states, random parameters logistic regression was used to develop a real-time crash risk model. Bayesian inference based on Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations was used for model estimation. The parameters of traffic flow variables in the model were allowed to vary across different traffic states. Compared with the standard logistic regression model, the proposed model significantly improved the goodness-of-fit and predictive performance. These results can promote a better understanding of the relationship between traffic flow characteristics and crash risks, which is valuable knowledge in the pursuit of improving traffic safety on freeways through the use of dynamic safety management systems.

Urban trees and traffic safety: considering the U.S. roadside policy and crash data

Treesearch

Kathleen L. Wolf

2006-01-01

In the mid to late 20th century, U.S. transportation agencies focused on traffic planning and design practices intended to achieve high levels of traffic capacity and safety for roads at lowest cost. Intangible values of the roadside such as community character and environmental systems were often overlooked, including the urban forest....

Passenger head in impact with frontal airbag in OOP postures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ovidiu Soica, Adrian; Toganel, George-Radu

2017-10-01

Road accidents represent an aspect of road traffic that may lead negative consequences. In order to solve the problems associated with such events, interdisciplinary knowledge is called for, complex teams of engineers, doctors, lawyers, experts working together in order to reduce the severity of such events. Road safety is a continuous concern for both experts and various government organizations with the aim of protecting the lives of the participants in traffic. It has been estimated that the costs of traffic accidents account for 1-3% of a country GDP, depending on the level of country development [26]. In this paper we analyze a particular class of cases of injuries caused to passengers caused by the inflation of the frontal airbag when they are with the passenger out of position. Head kinematics, accelerations, as well as the severity of injuries expressed by HIC, as related to the AIS scale have been analysed.

Using naturalistic driving data to explore the association between traffic safety-related events and crash risk at driver level.

PubMed

Wu, Kun-Feng; Aguero-Valverde, Jonathan; Jovanis, Paul P

2014-11-01

There has been considerable research conducted over the last 40 years using traffic safety-related events to support road safety analyses. Dating back to traffic conflict studies from the 1960s these observational studies of driver behavior have been criticized due to: poor quality data; lack of available and useful exposure measures linked to the observations; the incomparability of self-reported safety-related events; and, the difficulty in assessing culpability for safety-related events. This study seeks to explore the relationships between driver characteristics and traffic safety-related events, and between traffic safety-related events and crash involvement while mitigating some of those limitations. The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study dataset, in which the participants' vehicles were instrumented with various cameras and sensors during the study period, was used for this study. The study data set includes 90 drivers observed for 12-13 months driving. This study focuses on single vehicle run-off-road safety-related events only, including 14 crashes and 182 safety-related events (30 near crashes, and 152 crash-relevant incidents). Among the findings are: (1) drivers under age 25 are significantly more likely to be involved in safety-related events and crashes; and (2) significantly positive correlations exist between crashes, near crashes, and crash-relevant incidents. Although there is still much to learn about the factors affecting the positive correlation between safety-related events and crashes, a Bayesian multivariate Poisson log-normal model is shown to be useful to quantify the associations between safety-related events and crash risk while controlling for driver characteristics. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

36 CFR 4.13 - Obstructing traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... interfere with the normal flow of traffic. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Obstructing traffic. 4.13... VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFETY § 4.13 Obstructing traffic. The following are prohibited: (a) Stopping or...

36 CFR 4.13 - Obstructing traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... interfere with the normal flow of traffic. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Obstructing traffic. 4.13... VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFETY § 4.13 Obstructing traffic. The following are prohibited: (a) Stopping or...

36 CFR 4.13 - Obstructing traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... interfere with the normal flow of traffic. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Obstructing traffic. 4.13... VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFETY § 4.13 Obstructing traffic. The following are prohibited: (a) Stopping or...

Traffic safety facts 1998 : state traffic data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This publication contains a map of the United States showing 1998 traffic fatalities by state and percent change from 1997 and eleven tables containing data on the following: (1) Traffic fatalities and fatality rates, 1998; (2) Traffic fatalities and...

Analysis of vehicle's safety envelope under car-following model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Tie-Qiao; Zhang, Jian; Chen, Liang; Shang, Hua-Yan

2017-05-01

In this paper, we propose an improved car-following model to explore the impacts of vehicle's two safety distances (i.e., the front safety distance and back safety distance) on the traffic safety during the starting process. The numerical results show that our model is prominently safer than the FVD (full velocity difference) model, i.e., our model is better than the FVD model from the perspective of the traffic safety, which shows that each driver should consider his two safety distances during his driving process.

Investigating the relationship between jobs-housing balance and traffic safety.

PubMed

Xu, Chengcheng; Li, Haojie; Zhao, Jingya; Chen, Jun; Wang, Wei

2017-10-01

This study aimed to investigate the effects of jobs-housing balance on traffic safety. The crash, demographic characteristics, employment, road network, household characteristics and traffic data were collected from the Los Angeles in 2010. One-way ANOVA tests indicated that the jobs-housing ratio significantly affects traffic safety in terms of crash frequency at traffic analysis zone (TAZ). To quantify the safety impacts of jobs-housing balance, the semi-parametric geographically weighted Poisson regression (S-GWPR) was further used to link crash frequency at TAZ with jobs-housing ratio and other contributing factors. The S-GWPR provides better fitness to the data than do the generalized linear regression, as the S-GWPR accounts for the spatial heterogeneity. The S-GWPR results showed that the jobs-housing relationship has a significant association with crash frequency at TAZ when the factors of traffic, network, and household characteristics are controlled. Crash frequency at TAZ level increases with an increase in the jobs-housing ratio. To further investigate the interactive effects between jobs-housing ratio and other factors, a comparative analysis was conducted to compare the variable elasticities under different jobs-housing ratios. The results indicate considerable interactive effects that traffic conditions and road network characteristics have different effects on crash frequency under various jobs-housing ratios. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analysis and comparison of safety models using average daily, average hourly, and microscopic traffic.

PubMed

Wang, Ling; Abdel-Aty, Mohamed; Wang, Xuesong; Yu, Rongjie

2018-02-01

There have been plenty of traffic safety studies based on average daily traffic (ADT), average hourly traffic (AHT), or microscopic traffic at 5 min intervals. Nevertheless, not enough research has compared the performance of these three types of safety studies, and seldom of previous studies have intended to find whether the results of one type of study is transferable to the other two studies. First, this study built three models: a Bayesian Poisson-lognormal model to estimate the daily crash frequency using ADT, a Bayesian Poisson-lognormal model to estimate the hourly crash frequency using AHT, and a Bayesian logistic regression model for the real-time safety analysis using microscopic traffic. The model results showed that the crash contributing factors found by different models were comparable but not the same. Four variables, i.e., the logarithm of volume, the standard deviation of speed, the logarithm of segment length, and the existence of diverge segment, were positively significant in the three models. Additionally, weaving segments experienced higher daily and hourly crash frequencies than merge and basic segments. Then, each of the ADT-based, AHT-based, and real-time models was used to estimate safety conditions at different levels: daily and hourly, meanwhile, the real-time model was also used in 5 min intervals. The results uncovered that the ADT- and AHT-based safety models performed similar in predicting daily and hourly crash frequencies, and the real-time safety model was able to provide hourly crash frequency. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

14 CFR 189.3 - Kinds of messages accepted or relayed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... address: (1) Distress messages and distress traffic. (2) Messages concerning the safety of human life. (3) Flight safety messages concerning— (i) Air traffic control, including— (A) Messages concerning aircraft...

Development of decision support tools to assess pedestrian and bicycle safety : development of safety performance functions : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-15

While a number of studies have developed Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) for : motorized traffic, there has been a very limited focus on developing SPFs for non-motorized : traffic. Lack of exposure measures for pedestrians and bicyclists has bee...

TrafficTurk evaluation.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-04-01

This report summarizes a project undertaken by the University of Illinois on behalf of the Illinois Department of : Transportation to evaluate a smartphone application called TrafficTurk for traffic safety and traffic monitoring : applications. Traff...

State Traffic Data: Traffic Safety Facts, 2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NHTSA), Washington, DC.

This brief provides statistical information on U.S. traffic accidents delineated by state. A map details the 2001 traffic fatalities by state and the percent change from 2000. Data tables include: (1) traffic fatalities and fatality rates, 2001; (2) traffic fatalities and percent change, 1975-2001; (3) alcohol involvement in fatal traffic crashes,…

Normal people working in normal organizations with normal equipment: system safety and cognition in a mid-air collision.

PubMed

de Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues; Gomes, José Orlando; Huber, Gilbert Jacob; Vidal, Mario Cesar

2009-05-01

A fundamental challenge in improving the safety of complex systems is to understand how accidents emerge in normal working situations, with equipment functioning normally in normally structured organizations. We present a field study of the en route mid-air collision between a commercial carrier and an executive jet, in the clear afternoon Amazon sky in which 154 people lost their lives, that illustrates one response to this challenge. Our focus was on how and why the several safety barriers of a well structured air traffic system melted down enabling the occurrence of this tragedy, without any catastrophic component failure, and in a situation where everything was functioning normally. We identify strong consistencies and feedbacks regarding factors of system day-to-day functioning that made monitoring and awareness difficult, and the cognitive strategies that operators have developed to deal with overall system behavior. These findings emphasize the active problem-solving behavior needed in air traffic control work, and highlight how the day-to-day functioning of the system can jeopardize such behavior. An immediate consequence is that safety managers and engineers should review their traditional safety approach and accident models based on equipment failure probability, linear combinations of failures, rules and procedures, and human errors, to deal with complex patterns of coincidence possibilities, unexpected links, resonance among system functions and activities, and system cognition.

U18 : Traffic signal safety (phase B).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-08-01

Efficiently scheduling traffic, particularly heavy vehicles, remains a key challenge in transportation engineering. This project has focused on the development of a novel trafficsignal-control methodology to improve the safety of heavy vehicles on...

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1995 customer satisfaction survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducted a national Customer Satisfaction Survey in response to the requirements of the National Performance Review and Executive Order 12862. An independent research organization, Schulman,...

Lighting: Traffic Safety Tips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This fact sheet, NHTSA Facts: Summer 1996, discusses traffic safety tips on motor vehicle lighting, including headlights, tail lights, and signal lights. It details the cleaning of headlamps, proper aiming of headlamps, and replacement of burned out ...

AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety

MedlinePlus

... of Top Deadly Mistakes Made by Teen Drivers -- AAA AAA: Road debris causes avoidable crashes, deaths Save the ... and 500 deaths! Foundation News Stay Tuned New AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety website coming Fall 2017 ...

Surrogate safety measures from traffic simulation models

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

This project investigates the potential for deriving surrogate measures of safety from existing microscopic traffic simulation models for intersections. The process of computing the measures in the simulation, extracting the required data, and summar...

Safety Performance of Airborne Separation: Preliminary Baseline Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Consiglio, Maria C.; Hoadley, Sherwood T.; Wing, David J.; Baxley, Brian T.

2007-01-01

The Safety Performance of Airborne Separation (SPAS) study is a suite of Monte Carlo simulation experiments designed to analyze and quantify safety behavior of airborne separation. This paper presents results of preliminary baseline testing. The preliminary baseline scenario is designed to be very challenging, consisting of randomized routes in generic high-density airspace in which all aircraft are constrained to the same flight level. Sustained traffic density is varied from approximately 3 to 15 aircraft per 10,000 square miles, approximating up to about 5 times today s traffic density in a typical sector. Research at high traffic densities and at multiple flight levels are planned within the next two years. Basic safety metrics for aircraft separation are collected and analyzed. During the progression of experiments, various errors, uncertainties, delays, and other variables potentially impacting system safety will be incrementally introduced to analyze the effect on safety of the individual factors as well as their interaction and collective effect. In this paper we report the results of the first experiment that addresses the preliminary baseline condition tested over a range of traffic densities. Early results at five times the typical traffic density in today s NAS indicate that, under the assumptions of this study, airborne separation can be safely performed. In addition, we report on initial observations from an exploration of four additional factors tested at a single traffic density: broadcast surveillance signal interference, extent of intent sharing, pilot delay, and wind prediction error.

Selecting exposure measures in crash rate prediction for two-lane highway segments.

PubMed

Qin, Xiao; Ivan, John N; Ravishanker, Nalini

2004-03-01

A critical part of any risk assessment is identifying how to represent exposure to the risk involved. Recent research shows that the relationship between crash count and traffic volume is non-linear; consequently, a simple crash rate computed as the ratio of crash count to volume is not proper for comparing the safety of sites with different traffic volumes. To solve this problem, we describe a new approach for relating traffic volume and crash incidence. Specifically, we disaggregate crashes into four types: (1) single-vehicle, (2) multi-vehicle same direction, (3) multi-vehicle opposite direction, and (4) multi-vehicle intersecting, and define candidate exposure measures for each that we hypothesize will be linear with respect to each crash type. This paper describes initial investigation using crash and physical characteristics data for highway segments in Michigan from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). We use zero-inflated-Poisson (ZIP) modeling to estimate models for predicting counts for each of the above crash types as a function of the daily volume, segment length, speed limit and roadway width. We found that the relationship between crashes and the daily volume (AADT) is non-linear and varies by crash type, and is significantly different from the relationship between crashes and segment length for all crash types. Our research will provide information to improve accuracy of crash predictions and, thus, facilitate more meaningful comparison of the safety record of seemingly similar highway locations.

Active transportation safety features around schools in Canada.

PubMed

Pinkerton, Bryn; Rosu, Andrei; Janssen, Ian; Pickett, William

2013-10-31

The purpose of this study was to describe the presence and quality of active transportation safety features in Canadian school environments that relate to pedestrian and bicycle safety. Variations in these features and associated traffic concerns as perceived by school administrators were examined by geographic status and school type. The study was based on schools that participated in 2009/2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. ArcGIS software version 10 and Google Earth were used to assess the presence and quality of ten different active transportation safety features. Findings suggest that there are crosswalks and good sidewalk coverage in the environments surrounding most Canadian schools, but a dearth of bicycle lanes and other traffic calming measures (e.g., speed bumps, traffic chokers). Significant urban/rural inequities exist with a greater prevalence of sidewalk coverage, crosswalks, traffic medians, and speed bumps in urban areas. With the exception of bicycle lanes, the active transportation safety features that were present were generally rated as high quality. Traffic was more of a concern to administrators in urban areas. This study provides novel information about active transportation safety features in Canadian school environments. This information could help guide public health efforts aimed at increasing active transportation levels while simultaneously decreasing active transportation injuries.

Active Transportation Safety Features around Schools in Canada

PubMed Central

Pinkerton, Bryn; Rosu, Andrei; Janssen, Ian; Pickett, William

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to describe the presence and quality of active transportation safety features in Canadian school environments that relate to pedestrian and bicycle safety. Variations in these features and associated traffic concerns as perceived by school administrators were examined by geographic status and school type. The study was based on schools that participated in 2009/2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. ArcGIS software version 10 and Google Earth were used to assess the presence and quality of ten different active transportation safety features. Findings suggest that there are crosswalks and good sidewalk coverage in the environments surrounding most Canadian schools, but a dearth of bicycle lanes and other traffic calming measures (e.g., speed bumps, traffic chokers). Significant urban/rural inequities exist with a greater prevalence of sidewalk coverage, crosswalks, traffic medians, and speed bumps in urban areas. With the exception of bicycle lanes, the active transportation safety features that were present were generally rated as high quality. Traffic was more of a concern to administrators in urban areas. This study provides novel information about active transportation safety features in Canadian school environments. This information could help guide public health efforts aimed at increasing active transportation levels while simultaneously decreasing active transportation injuries. PMID:24185844

[Traffic accidents: a health problem in primary care].

PubMed

Blanquer, J J; Rapa, M; Melchor, A; Jiménez, T; Adam, A; Mulet, M J

1993-09-15

To discover the prevalence and most relevant epidemiological characteristics of the victims of traffic accidents which occur in our health area. Hospital Casualty department (HC), Health area 19, Alcoy. This was an observational, crossover study, based on the collection of data from all those patients who had been brought into the HC for attention because of a traffic accident and who were attended between October 1, 1990 and September 31, 1991. During the study period a total of 1,111 traffic accident victims were attended. Their average age was 26.62 (SD +/- 15.95), with 69.6% being men and 30.2% women. 60.7% of the victims were attended on non-working days or the eve of a non-working day. 44.5% of those involved in accidents were in four-wheeled vehicles; 40% on two-wheeled vehicles and 11.1% of the victims were pedestrians. Injuries were light in 73.3% of cases; moderate in 15.9% and in the other 8.8% serious, grave or critical. 43.7% of the total had the accident in an urban area and 40.9% on the open road. The high prevalence of victims of accidents (8.3 per 1000 inhabitants) observed in our health area can be explained by the type of study. It is vital to obtain valid information of the real importance of this health problem. The primary care doctor must take preventive action concerning traffic accidents: a) through full studies of traffic accident levels among primary care centre users; b) primary preventive action, through the spreading of information on norms of safety; and c) secondary and tertiary prevention, by means of effective and efficacious outpatient emergency measures, as well as a thorough rehabilitation of accident victims.

33 CFR 167.173 - Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic Route.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY OFFSHORE TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES Description of Traffic Separation Schemes and Precautionary Areas Atlantic East Coast § 167.173 Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic...

33 CFR 167.173 - Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic Route.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY OFFSHORE TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES Description of Traffic Separation Schemes and Precautionary Areas Atlantic East Coast § 167.173 Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic...

33 CFR 167.173 - Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic Route.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY OFFSHORE TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES Description of Traffic Separation Schemes and Precautionary Areas Atlantic East Coast § 167.173 Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic...

33 CFR 167.173 - Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic Route.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY OFFSHORE TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES Description of Traffic Separation Schemes and Precautionary Areas Atlantic East Coast § 167.173 Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic...

33 CFR 167.173 - Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic Route.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) PORTS AND WATERWAYS SAFETY OFFSHORE TRAFFIC SEPARATION SCHEMES Description of Traffic Separation Schemes and Precautionary Areas Atlantic East Coast § 167.173 Off Delaware Bay: Two-Way Traffic...

77 FR 35105 - Notice To Rescind the Notice of Intent To Develop the Environmental Impact Statement: Bronx...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

...) intended to prepare an EIS on the proposal to improve safety and traffic flow at the Bruckner Expressway (I... improve safety and traffic flow at the Bruckner Expressway (I-278) at its interchange with the Arthur V. Sheridan Expressway (I-895) and to reduce traffic, especially trucks from the local streets and to enhance...

Task Analysis Assessment on Intrastate Bus Traffic Controllers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yen Bin, Teo; Azlis-Sani, Jalil; Nur Annuar Mohd Yunos, Muhammad; Ismail, S. M. Sabri S. M.; Tajedi, Noor Aqilah Ahmad

2016-11-01

Public transportation acts as social mobility and caters the daily needs of the society for passengers to travel from one place to another. This is true for a country like Malaysia where international trade has been growing significantly over the past few decades. Task analysis assessment was conducted with the consideration of cognitive ergonomic view towards problem related to human factors. Conducting research regarding the task analysis on bus traffic controllers had allowed a better understanding regarding the nature of work and the overall monitoring activities of the bus services. This paper served to study the task analysis assessment on intrastate bus traffic controllers and the objectives of this study include to conduct task analysis assessment on the bus traffic controllers. Task analysis assessment for the bus traffic controllers was developed via Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). There are a total of five subsidiary tasks on level one and only two were able to be further broken down in level two. Development of HTA allowed a better understanding regarding the work and this could further ease the evaluation of the tasks conducted by the bus traffic controllers. Thus, human error could be reduced for the safety of all passengers and increase the overall efficiency of the system. Besides, it could assist in improving the operation of the bus traffic controllers by modelling or synthesizing the existing tasks if necessary.

The influence of age, seat belt, time of day, and type of vehicles on road accidents in Kerman, Iran.

PubMed

Mohammadi, Ghorbanali

2009-04-01

Traffic accidents are one of the main external causes of morbidity and mortality in various parts of the world, including Kerman, a city that has experienced rapid growth in the number of cars in the last 5 years. The objective of this article was to identify the influence of age, belt use, time of day, and type of vehicle road accidents of southeastern Iran. This study used data obtained from Kerman police force reports on incidents of road traffic accidents (RTAs). We analyzed the police reports of total road accidents that occurred from 2005 to 2007. The involvement in fatal and non-fatal accidents was determined for females than among males. The analysis of the data indicated that the female drivers have a much better road safety record than male drivers, especially with regards to their involvement in severe traffic accidents. Forty-nine percent of accidents involve passenger cars, which is higher than other type of vehicles. Female drivers were found to be generally safer drivers than their male counterparts; male drivers who did not use seat belts had a higher involvement rate in road traffic accidents. Time of day analyses suggested that the problems of accidents in darkness are not a matter of visibility but a consequence of the way drivers use the roads at night. A number of recommended measures for the improvement of road safety in southeastern Iran are suggested.

An explanatory analysis of driver injury severity in rear-end crashes using a decision table/Naïve Bayes (DTNB) hybrid classifier.

PubMed

Chen, Cong; Zhang, Guohui; Yang, Jinfu; Milton, John C; Alcántara, Adélamar Dely

2016-05-01

Rear-end crashes are a major type of traffic crashes in the U.S. Of practical necessity is a comprehensive examination of its mechanism that results in injuries and fatalities. Decision table (DT) and Naïve Bayes (NB) methods have both been used widely but separately for solving classification problems in multiple areas except for traffic safety research. Based on a two-year rear-end crash dataset, this paper applies a decision table/Naïve Bayes (DTNB) hybrid classifier to select the deterministic attributes and predict driver injury outcomes in rear-end crashes. The test results show that the hybrid classifier performs reasonably well, which was indicated by several performance evaluation measurements, such as accuracy, F-measure, ROC, and AUC. Fifteen significant attributes were found to be significant in predicting driver injury severities, including weather, lighting conditions, road geometry characteristics, driver behavior information, etc. The extracted decision rules demonstrate that heavy vehicle involvement, a comfortable traffic environment, inferior lighting conditions, two-lane rural roadways, vehicle disabled damage, and two-vehicle crashes would increase the likelihood of drivers sustaining fatal injuries. The research limitations on data size, data structure, and result presentation are also summarized. The applied methodology and estimation results provide insights for developing effective countermeasures to alleviate rear-end crash injury severities and improve traffic system safety performance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Human resources for the control of road traffic injury.

PubMed

Mock, Charles; Kobusingye, Olive; Anh, Le Vu; Afukaar, Francis; Arreola-Risa, Carlos

2005-04-01

The definition of the ideal numbers and distribution of human resources required for control of road traffic injury (RTI) is not as advanced as for other health problems. We can nonetheless identify functions that need to be addressed across the spectrum of injury control: surveillance; road safety (including infrastructure, vehicle design, and behaviour); and trauma care. Many low-cost strategies to improve these functions in low- or middle-income countries can be identified. For all these strategies, there is need for adequate institutional capacity, including funding, legal authority, and human resources. Several categories of human resources need to be developed: epidemiologists who can handle injury data, design surveillance systems, and undertake research; engineers and planners versed in safety aspects of road design, traffic flow, urban planning, and vehicle design; police and lawyers who understand the health impact of traffic law; clinicians who can develop cost-effective improvements in the entire system of trauma treatment; media experts to undertake effective behaviour change and social marketing; and economists to assist with cost-effectiveness evaluations. RTI control can be strengthened by enhancing such training in these disciplines, as well as encouraging retention of those who have the needed skills. Mechanisms to enhance collaboration between these different fields need to be promoted. Finally, the burden of RTI is borne disproportionately by the poor; in addition to technical issues, more profound equity issues must be addressed. This mandates that people from all professional backgrounds who work for RTI control should develop skills in advocacy and politics.

Human resources for the control of road traffic injury.

PubMed Central

Mock, Charles; Kobusingye, Olive; Anh, Le Vu; Afukaar, Francis; Arreola-Risa, Carlos

2005-01-01

The definition of the ideal numbers and distribution of human resources required for control of road traffic injury (RTI) is not as advanced as for other health problems. We can nonetheless identify functions that need to be addressed across the spectrum of injury control: surveillance; road safety (including infrastructure, vehicle design, and behaviour); and trauma care. Many low-cost strategies to improve these functions in low- or middle-income countries can be identified. For all these strategies, there is need for adequate institutional capacity, including funding, legal authority, and human resources. Several categories of human resources need to be developed: epidemiologists who can handle injury data, design surveillance systems, and undertake research; engineers and planners versed in safety aspects of road design, traffic flow, urban planning, and vehicle design; police and lawyers who understand the health impact of traffic law; clinicians who can develop cost-effective improvements in the entire system of trauma treatment; media experts to undertake effective behaviour change and social marketing; and economists to assist with cost-effectiveness evaluations. RTI control can be strengthened by enhancing such training in these disciplines, as well as encouraging retention of those who have the needed skills. Mechanisms to enhance collaboration between these different fields need to be promoted. Finally, the burden of RTI is borne disproportionately by the poor; in addition to technical issues, more profound equity issues must be addressed. This mandates that people from all professional backgrounds who work for RTI control should develop skills in advocacy and politics. PMID:15868021

Summary of state speed laws : eleventh edition.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-04-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is responsible for reducing vehicle-related fatalities and injuries on our nations highways. Research has shown that effective State and local traffic safety laws play an important role in helping...

Fact book : statistical information on highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-06-01

The Congress has charged the Department of Transportation with the task of achieving a reduction in traffic accidents and their resulting deaths and injuries. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is the Departmental agency which...

Compendium of Traffic Safety Research Projects: 1985-1995 and Beyond

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-03-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Office of Program : Development and Evaluation (OPDE) conducts research and evaluation projects : dealing with human attitudes, behaviors and failures (motor vehicle crashes). : OPDE's focus is on ...

Countermeasures that work : seventh edition : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-04-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has published the seventh edition of Countermeasures That Work. The guide is a basic reference to assist State Highway Safety Offices (SHSOs) in selecting effective, evidence-based countermeasures fo...

Compendium of research and evaluations in traffic safety published

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA's) Office of Program Development and Evaluation (OPDE) conducts research projects that investigate human attitudes, behaviors, and failures as they relate to motor vehicle crashes. OPDE focu...

Synthesis of safety for traffic operations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

Traffic operations practitioners are continually making decisions that impact on the safety performance of the transportation network. In order to make the best possible decisions the practitioner must be aware of the best available evidence on safet...

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration : 1997 customer satisfaction survey

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-03-13

In 1995, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) conducted its first Customer Satisfaction Survey in response to the requirements of the National Performance Review and Executive Order 12862. An independent research organization, S...

78 FR 69744 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA-2013-0117] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed collection of...

Evaluation of the Washington nighttime seat belt enforcement program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

The Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) : conducted a high-visibility Nighttime Seat Belt Enforcement (NTSBE) program in Washington. The two-year program : followed the basic Clic...

78 FR 51664 - Vessel Traffic Service Updates, Including Establishment of Vessel Traffic Service Requirements...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-21

... requirements. The changes made by this rule will align regulations with the current operating procedures of the... History V. Discussion of Comments and Changes VI. Regulatory Analyses A. Regulatory Planning and Review B... Waterways Safety System PWSA Ports and Waterways Safety Act SOLAS International Convention for the Safety of...

Associations between objective and self-report measures of traffic and crime safety in Latino parents of preschool children

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Differences in subjective and objective safety may be explained by moderators that shape parental perceptions of the environment. This study examined associations between subjective and objective measures of traffic and crime safety in preschool parents (N=240) and potential moderators. Community co...

Time series modeling in traffic safety research.

PubMed

Lavrenz, Steven M; Vlahogianni, Eleni I; Gkritza, Konstantina; Ke, Yue

2018-08-01

The use of statistical models for analyzing traffic safety (crash) data has been well-established. However, time series techniques have traditionally been underrepresented in the corresponding literature, due to challenges in data collection, along with a limited knowledge of proper methodology. In recent years, new types of high-resolution traffic safety data, especially in measuring driver behavior, have made time series modeling techniques an increasingly salient topic of study. Yet there remains a dearth of information to guide analysts in their use. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art in using time series models in traffic safety research, and discusses some of the fundamental techniques and considerations in classic time series modeling. It also presents ongoing and future opportunities for expanding the use of time series models, and explores newer modeling techniques, including computational intelligence models, which hold promise in effectively handling ever-larger data sets. The information contained herein is meant to guide safety researchers in understanding this broad area of transportation data analysis, and provide a framework for understanding safety trends that can influence policy-making. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of traffic marking beads and paint.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1972-01-01

Traffic markings that retain high reflective properties under adverse lighting and weather conditions are clearly of utmost importance in traffic safety. It was the intent of this study to investigate optimum traffic striping procedures and materials...

Policies and Programs for the 1990's: A Team Approach to the Prevention of Alcohol, Other Drug, and Traffic Safety Problems in Higher Education. 1989 Workshops.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hazelden Services, Inc., Minneapolis, MN.

This is a workshop training manual designed to help higher education institutional teams develop policies and programs aimed at preventing the abuse of alcohol and use of illegal drugs on their campuses. Three circular diagrams display the community groups that can be involved in drug abuse prevention, higher education institutions that play a…

Harry Potter and the Underage Drinkers: Can We Use This to Talk to Teens about Alcohol?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welsh, Christopher

2007-01-01

Underage drinking continues to be a major problem in America. Approximately 20% of all alcohol consumed in the United States is consumed by minors with 44% of 8th graders and 77% of 12th graders reporting that they have tried alcohol at least once. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reported that, in 2003, as many as 3,657 drivers,…

Cost-effectiveness of traffic enforcement: case study from Uganda.

PubMed

Bishai, D; Asiimwe, B; Abbas, S; Hyder, A A; Bazeyo, W

2008-08-01

In October 2004, the Ugandan Police department deployed enhanced traffic safety patrols on the four major roads to the capital Kampala. To assess the costs and potential effectiveness of increasing traffic enforcement in Uganda. Record review and key informant interviews were conducted at 10 police stations along the highways that were patrolled. Monthly data on traffic citations and casualties were reviewed for January 2001 to December 2005; time series (ARIMA) regression was used to assess for a statistically significant change in traffic deaths. Costs were computed from the perspective of the police department in $US 2005. Cost offsets from savings to the health sector were not included. The annual cost of deploying the four squads of traffic patrols (20 officers, four vehicles, equipment, administration) is estimated at $72,000. Since deployment, the number of citations has increased substantially with a value of $327 311 annually. Monthly crash data pre- and post-intervention show a statistically significant 17% drop in road deaths after the intervention. The average cost-effectiveness of better road safety enforcement in Uganda is $603 per death averted or $27 per life year saved discounted at 3% (equivalent to 9% of Uganda's $300 GDP per capita). The costs of traffic safety enforcement are low in comparison to the potential number of lives saved and revenue generated. Increasing enforcement of existing traffic safety norms can prove to be an extremely cost-effective public health intervention in low-income countries, even from a government perspective.

[Driving under the influence of benzodiazepines and antidepressants: prescription and abuse].

PubMed

Coutinho, Daniel; Vieira, Duarte Nuno; Teixeira, Helena M

2011-01-01

Benzodiazepines are drugs usually used in anxiety disorders, dyssomnias, convulsions, muscle disorders, alcohol and other drugs detoxification, as well as in preoperative sedation/amnesia. Moreover, antidepressants are mainly indicated in depression and as co-therapeutic drugs in other psychiatric disorders. The use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants is associated with some health and public safety problems. Decreased of attention, concentration, reflexes, visual capacity, motor coordination and reasoning, associated with increased reaction time and lack of awareness of driving impairment among these drug users, contributes to the increased risk on traffic safety linked with these drugs. This risk may further increase with non-compliance of medical prescription, drug abuse or concomitant use of alcohol. The relationship between the use of psychoactive drugs and road traffic safety is, however, an extremely complex subject and has a primordial importance in the clarification of the role of benzodiazepine and antidepressant effects on driving skills. The prevention of driving under the influence of these drugs depends on the awareness, among doctors, of the risks associated with their use. Thus, the consciousness of medical prescription, as well as providing clear information to patients is extremely important.

49 CFR 520.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. The... environmental aspects of proposed actions. (b) This part specifies National Highway Traffic Safety...

49 CFR 520.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. The... environmental aspects of proposed actions. (b) This part specifies National Highway Traffic Safety...

49 CFR 520.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. The... environmental aspects of proposed actions. (b) This part specifies National Highway Traffic Safety...

49 CFR 520.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. The... environmental aspects of proposed actions. (b) This part specifies National Highway Traffic Safety...

Michigan urban trunkline segments safety performance functions (SPFs) : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-07-01

This study involves the development of safety performance functions (SPFs) for urban and suburban trunkline segments in the : state of Michigan. Extensive databases were developed through the integration of traffic crash information, traffic volumes,...

Improving mobility : saving lives : safety service patrols

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

This brochure describes how safety service patrols can be of value in minimizing disruption of incidents and maximizing traffic flow. The service patrols are equipped to handle emergencies and are a cost effective component of traffic management syst...

Ohio traffic crash facts, 2007

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-05-07

The Ohio Department of Public Safety is pleased to present the 2007 Ohio Traffic Crash : Facts Book, an in-depth highway safety statistical profile and analysis compiled from : data supplied by law enforcement agencies from across the state. : This a...

Ohio traffic crash facts, 2008

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-07-01

The Ohio Department of Public Safety is pleased to present the 2008 Ohio Traffic Crash : Facts Book, an in-depth highway safety statistical profile and analysis compiled from : data supplied by law enforcement agencies from across the state. This ann...

Ohio traffic crash facts, 2009

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

The Ohio Department of Public Safety is pleased to present the 2009 Ohio Traffic Crash Facts Book, an in-depth highway safety statistical profile and analysis compiled from data supplied by law enforcement agencies from across the state. This annual ...

49 CFR 520.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY... and other major Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. The... environmental aspects of proposed actions. (b) This part specifies National Highway Traffic Safety...

Experimental use of temporary traffic delineators : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1988-12-01

During construction, there is a safety need to provide highly visible channelizing delineation for temporary protection and direction of traffic. "Super Duck" Surface Mounted Delineator (SDR-328, Rounded) by Carsonite is marked to meet the safety nee...

Sport Utility Vehicles: Traffic Safety Tips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This fact sheet, NHTSA Facts: Summer 1996, describe traffic safety tips for driving sport utility vehicles. Because sport utility vehicles have a higher center of gravity, making them more top heavy than cars, they handle and maneuver differently tha...

77 FR 61048 - Distracted Driving Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Distracted Driving Grant Program AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of... distracted driving grants on August 24, 2012. In this notice, DOT is extending the application submission...

Modern traffic control devices to improve safety at rural intersections.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-01

"Engineers with the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) frequently make changes to traffic control devices : (TCDs) to improve intersection safety. To use available funds judiciously, engineers make incremental changes in : order to select the...

Peer Review Of The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Program, Workshop Proceedings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-11

THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION PREPARED AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS PROGRAM PLAN AS PART OF THE EARLY PLANNING FOR THE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM (ITS) WORK WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. COMMERCIALIZATI...

Brakes: Traffic Safety Tips

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

This fact sheet, NHTSA Facts: Summer 1996, describes traffic safety tips about brakes. It discusses drum brakes, disc brakes, and antilock braking systsms. It notes that there are government standards for brakes, and describes how to take care of bra...

77 FR 11623 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2011-0154] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of Transportation. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork Reduction...

76 FR 72747 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2011-0154] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed collection...

75 FR 59321 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0086] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed...

76 FR 28300 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-16

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0124] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...

75 FR 4447 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0010] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

78 FR 25351 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2013-0002] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork...

76 FR 74845 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0164] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

77 FR 7658 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0165] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

76 FR 11848 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2011-0001] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (NHTSA). ACTION: Request for extension of a currently...

75 FR 59319 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0124] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

76 FR 24957 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2011-0051] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for extension of a currently approved...

76 FR 9633 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-18

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0086] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

76 FR 74846 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0165] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

78 FR 57000 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-16

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2013-0096] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

75 FR 13806 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-23

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0027] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

76 FR 210 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0111] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for extension of a currently approved...

75 FR 54217 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0124] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

77 FR 6855 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2012--0014] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

75 FR 34521 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-17

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0085] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

75 FR 54218 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0123] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

77 FR 7659 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0164] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

77 FR 11621 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0169] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

Driver landmark and traffic sign identification in early Alzheimer's disease.

PubMed

Uc, E Y; Rizzo, M; Anderson, S W; Shi, Q; Dawson, J D

2005-06-01

To assess visual search and recognition of roadside targets and safety errors during a landmark and traffic sign identification task in drivers with Alzheimer's disease. 33 drivers with probable Alzheimer's disease of mild severity and 137 neurologically normal older adults underwent a battery of visual and cognitive tests and were asked to report detection of specific landmarks and traffic signs along a segment of an experimental drive. The drivers with mild Alzheimer's disease identified significantly fewer landmarks and traffic signs and made more at-fault safety errors during the task than control subjects. Roadside target identification performance and safety errors were predicted by scores on standardised tests of visual and cognitive function. Drivers with Alzheimer's disease are impaired in a task of visual search and recognition of roadside targets; the demands of these targets on visual perception, attention, executive functions, and memory probably increase the cognitive load, worsening driving safety.

Integrated optimisation technique based on computer-aided capacity and safety evaluation for managing downstream lane-drop merging area of signalised junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, CHAI; Yiik Diew, WONG

2017-02-01

This study provides an integrated strategy, encompassing microscopic simulation, safety assessment, and multi-attribute decision-making, to optimize traffic performance at downstream merging area of signalized intersections. A Fuzzy Cellular Automata (FCA) model is developed to replicate microscopic movement and merging behavior. Based on simulation experiment, the proposed FCA approach is able to provide capacity and safety evaluation of different traffic scenarios. The results are then evaluated through data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Optimized geometric layout and control strategies are then suggested for various traffic conditions. An optimal lane-drop distance that is dependent on traffic volume and speed limit can thus be established at the downstream merging area.

Is Neighborhood Green Space Protective against Associations between Child Asthma, Neighborhood Traffic Volume and Perceived Lack of Area Safety? Multilevel Analysis of 4447 Australian Children.

PubMed

Feng, Xiaoqi; Astell-Burt, Thomas

2017-05-19

Heavy traffic is a source of air pollution and a safety concern with important public health implications. We investigated whether green space lowers child asthma risk by buffering the effects of heavy traffic and a lack of neighborhood safety. Multilevel models were used to analyze affirmative asthma cases in nationally representative cross-sectional data from 4447 children aged 6-7 years old in Australia. Case-finding was based upon a triangulation of affirmative responses to three questions on doctor-diagnosed asthma, asthma-related medications and illness with wheezing lasting for at least 1 week within the 12 months prior. Among children considered to be exposed to high traffic volumes and areas with 0 to 20% green space quantity, the odds ratio of affirmative asthma was 1.87 (95% CI 1.37 to 2.55). However, the association between heavy traffic and asthma was significantly lower for participants living in areas with over 40% green space coverage (odds ratio for interaction 0.32, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.84). No association between affirmative asthma and green space coverage was observed for participants not exposed to heavy traffic, nor for the area safety variable. Protecting existing and investing in new green space may help to promote child respiratory health through the buffering of traffic-related air pollution.

Traffic safety facts 1994 : pedalcyclists

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-01-01

In 1994, 802 pedalcyclists were killed in traffic crashes. Pedalcyclist deaths accounted for 2 percent of all traffic fatalities during the year. Figure 1 shows trends in pedalcyclist and total traffic fatalities, 1984-1994. Of the tables, Table 1 sh...

Traffic safety facts 1993 : pedalcyclists

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-01-01

In 1993, 814 pedalcyclists were killed in traffic crashes. Pedalcyclist deaths accounted for 2 percent of all traffic fatalities during the year. Figure 1 shows trends in pedalcyclist and total traffic fatalities, 1983-1993. Of the tables, Table 1 sh...

36 CFR 1004.13 - Obstructing traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... flow of traffic. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Obstructing traffic. 1004.13 Section 1004.13 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PRESIDIO TRUST VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFETY § 1004.13...

36 CFR 1004.13 - Obstructing traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... flow of traffic. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Obstructing traffic. 1004.13 Section 1004.13 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PRESIDIO TRUST VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFETY § 1004.13...

Traffic flow characteristic and capacity in intelligent work zones.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-15

Intellgent transportation system (ITS) technologies are utilized to manage traffic flow and safety in : highway work zones. Traffic management plans for work zones require queuing analyses to determine : the anticipated traffic backups, but the predi...

Importance of awareness in improving performance of emergency medical services (EMS) systems in enhancing traffic safety: A lesson from India.

PubMed

Vasudevan, Vinod; Singh, Preeti; Basu, Samyajit

2016-10-02

India has been slow in implementing a central emergency medical services (EMS) system across the country. "108 services" is one of the most popular services that is functional under the public-private partnership model. Limited available literature shows that despite access to services, many traffic crash victims are transported using private vehicles. The objective of this study is to understand the effectiveness of 108 services from a traffic safety perspective. A questionnaire survey is conducted to understand the awareness of EMS and their function. Using traffic-related fatalities as the dependent variable, a fixed effect panel data model is developed to analyze the effectiveness of the 108 services in improving the traffic safety. The results from the survey show that, in general, people are not aware of the 108 services. A majority of the population prefers taking victims to the hospital using their personal vehicles or any other vehicles available compared to calling an ambulance. Results from panel data analysis show that despite having an efficient system, these services failed to make significant improvement in the safety of road users in the states in which their services were subscribed. The lack of awareness of an important safety service is alarming. This could be a major reason for lower utilization of 108 services for transporting victims of traffic crashes. This article shows the importance of having efficient awareness campaigns to improve the efficiency of any similar programs that are aimed to enhance the safety of a region.

Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers: the role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety.

PubMed

Mallia, Luca; Lazuras, Lambros; Violani, Cristiano; Lucidi, Fabio

2015-06-01

Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. The present study used a personality-attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Additionally, the relationship between aberrant self-reported driving behaviors and crash risk was also assessed. Three hundred and one bus drivers (mean age=39.1, SD=10.7 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, self-reported aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and accident risk in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that personality traits were associated to aberrant driving behaviors both directly and indirectly. In particular altruism, excitement seeking, and normlessness directly predicted bus drivers' attitudes toward traffic safety which, in turn, were negatively associated with the three types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviors. Personality traits relevant to emotionality directly predicted bus drivers' aberrant driving behaviors, without any mediation of attitudes. Finally, only self-reported violations were related to bus drivers' accident risk. The present findings suggest that the hypothesized personality-attitudes model accounts for aberrant driving behaviors in bus drivers, and provide the empirical basis for evidence-based road safety interventions in the context of public transport. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 501.3 - Organization and general responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION AND DELEGATION OF POWERS AND DUTIES § 501.3 Organization and general responsibilities. The National Highway Traffic Safety... Financial Management, the Chief Information Officer, the Director of Human Resources, the Director of...

49 CFR 501.3 - Organization and general responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION AND DELEGATION OF POWERS AND DUTIES § 501.3 Organization and general responsibilities. The National Highway Traffic Safety... Financial Management, the Chief Information Officer, the Director of Human Resources, the Director of...

Using microsimulation to evaluate the effects of advanced vehicle technologies on congestion.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-30

Advanced driver assistance technologies are continuously being developed to enhance traffic : safety. Evaluations of such technologies typically focus on safety and there has been limited : research on the impacts of such technologies on traffic oper...

Using Microsimulation to Evaluate the Effects of Advanced Vehicle Technologies on Congestion

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-30

Advanced driver assistance technologies are continuously being developed to enhance traffic safety. Evaluations of such technologies typically focus on safety and there has been limited research on the impacts of such technologies on traffic operatio...

77 FR 56698 - Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC, on Behalf of Daimler AG, Receipt of Petition for Decision of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-13

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2012... Inconsequential Noncompliance AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT. ACTION: Receipt of... cars manufactured [[Page 56699

Improving the traffic safety culture in Kansas.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

The main objective of this research was to provide guidance to the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) in establishing strategies to improve the traffic safety culture in Kansas. This was done by analyzing crash data with respect to the seven ...

Evaluation of automated flagger assistance devices : interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-08-01

Flagger safety is an important issue in work zones due to the proximity of the flagger to traffic. Some strategies for improving flagger safety include slowing down approaching vehicles or removing flaggers from the immediate vicinity of traffic. The...

Ohio traffic crash facts, 2010

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-10-01

The Ohio Department of Public Safety is pleased to present the 2010 Ohio Traffic Crash Facts Book, an in-depth highway safety profile and analysis compiled from data supplied by law enforcement agencies across the state. This annual report provides a...

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-01-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) must set Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards for light trucks. This was authorized by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, which added Title V: Imporving Automotive Fuel Effici...

State traffic safety information : current as of January 1, 1998

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-12-01

The data and information contained in these fact sheets were obtained from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's (NHTSA) National Center for Statistics and Analysis (NRD-30), Plans and Policy (NPP 01), State and Community Services (NSC...

77 FR 30352 - Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-22

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket Number NHTSA-2012-0064] Reports, Forms, and Record Keeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed collection...

75 FR 38173 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0086] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Request for public comment on extension of a currently...

76 FR 6515 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0181] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), U.S. Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

76 FR 20438 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-12

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0181 ] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), U.S. Department of Transportation. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In compliance...

78 FR 20172 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket Number NHTSA-2013-0044] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Request for public comment on extension...

76 FR 6514 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0011] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on an...

76 FR 35270 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-16

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0025] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on a...

76 FR 6513 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0182] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), U.S. Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on...

76 FR 6512 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2011-0010] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on an...

75 FR 17831 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-07

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [DOT Docket Number NHTSA-2010-0010] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation. ACTION: Request for public comment on extension of a...

77 FR 16115 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-19

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [Docket No. NHTSA-2012-0029] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT. ACTION: Notice and request for comments. SUMMARY: Before a Federal agency can collect...

75 FR 21385 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-23

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0023] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Department of Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed...

Potential applications of video technology for traffic management and safety in Alabama

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-11-25

Video technology applications for traffic management and safety are being implemented by state and local government agencies in Alabama. This technology offers both tangible and intangible benefits. Although video technology provides many benefits, i...

Crash Simulation and Animation: 'A New Approach for Traffic Safety Analysis'

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-02-01

This researchs objective is to present a methodology to supplement the conventional traffic safety analysis techniques. This methodology aims at using computer simulation to animate and visualize crash occurrence at high-risk locations. This methodol...

Improvement of driving safety in road traffic system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ke-Ping; Gao, Zi-You

2005-05-01

A road traffic system is a complex system in which humans participate directly. In this system, human factors play a very important role. In this paper, a kind of control signal is designated at a given site (i.e., signal point) of the road. Under the effect of the control signal, the drivers will decrease their velocities when their vehicles pass the signal point. Our aim is to transit the traffic flow states from disorder to order and then improve the traffic safety. We have tested this technique for the two-lane traffic model that is based on the deterministic Nagel-Schreckenberg (NaSch) traffic model. The simulation results indicate that the traffic flow states can be transited from disorder to order. Different order states can be observed in the system and these states are safer.

Initial Air Traffic Control Training at Tartu Aviation College

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

A well developed air traffic control training system is vitally important for guaranteeing flight safety and the efficient provision of air traffic control services. During the Soviet era, air traffic control services in Estonia were provided by Aero...

Traffic safety facts 1996 : pedalcyclists

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

In 1996, 761 pedalcyclists were killed and an additional 59,000 were injured in traffic crashes. Pedalcyclist deaths accounted for 2 percent of all traffic fatalities and pedalcyclists made up 2 percent of all the people injured in traffic crashes du...

Traffic safety facts 1995 : pedalcyclists

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

In 1995, 61,000 pedalcyclists were injured and 830 were killed in traffic crashes. Pedalcyclist deaths accounted for 2 percent of all traffic fatalities and pedalcyclists made up 2 percent of all the people injured in traffic crashes during the year....

Ramp metering : procedure manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-11-01

Ramp metering is a traffic management tool used to increase the efficiency and safety of the : traffic operations on freeways. It is one of the most cost effective ways of managing traffic flow. : It improves traffic flow on congested freeways and of...

Wyoming Low-Volume Roads Traffic Volume Estimation

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-10-01

Low-volume roads are excluded from regular traffic counts except on a need to know basis. But needs for traffic volume data on low-volume roads in road infrastructure management, safety, and air quality analysis have necessitated regular traffic volu...

National traffic speeds survey II: 2009 : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-08-01

Vehicle speeds are a crucial factor in traffic safety. : NHTSA estimates that speeding is involved in approximately : 31% of fatal motor vehicle crashes, costing society : over $40 billion per year. : Since speeding is such a : pervasive traffic safe...

47 CFR 80.325 - Control of distress traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control of distress traffic. 80.325 Section 80... Safety Procedures § 80.325 Control of distress traffic. (a) Distress traffic consists of all messages relating to the immediate assistance required by the mobile station in distress. In distress traffic, the...

Pedestrian traffic safety and outdoor active play among 10-13 year olds living in a mid-sized city.

PubMed

Nguyen, Andrew; Borghese, Michael M; Janssen, Ian

2018-06-01

This cross-sectional study examined the independent and interactive associations between objective and perceived measures of neighborhood pedestrian traffic safety and outdoor active play. A total of 458 children aged 10-13 years from Kingston, Canada were studied in 2015-2016. Outdoor active play was measured over 7 days using data from activity logs, accelerometers, and Global Positioning System loggers. Geographic Information System data were collected within 1 km of participants' homes and used to create traffic volume, traffic calming, traffic speed, and pedestrian infrastructure indexes. Parents' perceptions of these pedestrian safety domains were obtained by questionnaire. Most of the pedestrian safety measures were not significantly associated with outdoor active play, and there were no interactions between the objective and perceived measures ( p  > 0.3). The significant relationships are listed here. Children whose parents perceived moderate or high traffic speeds in their neighborhood had outdoor active play values that were 0.35 (SE = 0.10, p  = 0.021) and 0.20 (SE = 0.15, p  = 0.048) SD units higher, respectively, then children whose parents perceived low traffic speed. By comparison to children from neighborhoods in the lowest tertile, children from the highest traffic volume tertile had higher outdoor active play levels (0.26, SE = 0.12, p  = 0.029), while children from neighborhoods in the moderate traffic calming tertile (-0.28, SE = 0.11, p  = 0.008) and the moderate pedestrian infrastructure tertile (-0.25, SE = 0.11, p  = 0.023) had lower outdoor active play levels.

NASA aviation safety reporting system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Knowledge of limitations of the Air Traffic Control system in conflict avoidance capabilities is discussed. Assumptions and expectations held by by airmen regarding the capabilities of the system are presented. Limitations related to communication are described and problems associated with visual approaches, airspace configurations, and airport layouts are discussed. A number of pilot and controller reports illustrative of three typical problem types: occurrences involving pilots who have limited experience; reports describing inflight calls for assistance; and flights in which pilots have declined to use available radar services are presented. Examples of Alert Bulletins and the FAA responses to them are included.

Operational problems experienced by single pilots in instrument meteorological conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weislogel, S.

1981-01-01

The development and implementation of a search strategy to extract pertinent reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System-2 (ASRS-2) database are described. For any particular occurence to be pertinent to the study, it must have satisfied the following conditions: the aircraft must be of the type usually flown by a single pilot; operation on an IFR flight plan in instrument meteorological conditions; pilot experienced an operational problem. The occurances consist of reports by the pilot about his own performance, by the pilot about the system performance, or by an air traffic controller about a pilot's performance.

From empirical Bayes to full Bayes : methods for analyzing traffic safety data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-10-24

Traffic safety engineers are among the early adopters of Bayesian statistical tools for : analyzing crash data. As in many other areas of application, empirical Bayes methods were : their first choice, perhaps because they represent an intuitively ap...

The effectiveness of workshops on management evaluation of traffic safety programs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

Nine management evaluation workshops based on The Evaluation of Highway Traffic Safety Programs' A Manual for Managers were held in various cities throughout the United States by the Office of Manpower Development (NHTSA). The analysis reported here ...

2001 traffic safety issues opinion survey.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-02-01

As a means of determining public opinion on specific traffic safety issues, a public opinion survey was conducted. A total of 4,500 mail surveys were sent to a stratified sample of drivers selected from the drivers license file. The state was divided...

23 CFR 655.604 - Achieving basic uniformity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC OPERATIONS... system should be based on inventories made in accordance with the Highway Safety Program Guideline 21, “Roadway Safety.” These inventories provide the information necessary for programming traffic control...

Alcohol and Traffic Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickman, Frances Baker, Ed.

1988-01-01

Seven papers discuss current issues and applied social research concerning alcohol traffic safety. Prevention, policy input, methodology, planning strategies, anti-drinking/driving programs, social-programmatic orientations of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, Kansas Driving Under the Influence Law, New Jersey Driving While Impaired Programs,…

Improving the traffic safety culture in Kansas : technical summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-01

The main objective of this research was to provide guidance to the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) in establishing strategies to improve the traffic safety culture in Kansas. This was done by analyzing crash data with respect to the seven ...

Traffic safety facts 1999 : state alcohol estimates

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

The data in this traffic safety fact sheet provide estimates of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes for the United States and individually for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico (not included in the national totals). These esti...

Responses of women and men to traffic safety messages : a qualitative report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-01

More information about receptivity to traffic safety communications is needed to develop effective media campaigns for women. This project sought to obtain such information through (1) a review of literature on gender differences in response to traff...

Evaluation of the first year of the Washington nighttime seat belt enforcement program.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-12-01

The Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC) received funding from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to conduct a high-visibility nighttime seat belt enforcement (NTSBE) program in Washington State. The two-year program is followi...

49 CFR 591.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION... Administrator of NHTSA. NHTSA means the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the Department of... vehicle to its pre-accident condition and for legal operation on the streets, roads, or highways, exceeds...

The public favors a strong government role in highway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-08-01

This Traffic Tech summarizes the findings of a recent National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) customer satisfaction survey. In November and December of 1995, about 4,000 randomly selected persons aged 16 and older from across the natio...

North Dakota Statewide Traffic Safety Survey, 2010 : Issue Brief, August 2010

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-08-01

The United States lags behind many other industrialized : nations in its ability to ensure safety on : public roadways as illustrated in Figure 1. While : progress has been made in reducing traffic deaths, the : continued epidemic of preventable deat...

77 FR 51609 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-24

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2012-0121] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of request for public comment on proposed collection of information...

77 FR 35473 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2012-0066] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed revision of the previously approved...

75 FR 25033 - Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-06

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [U.S. DOT Docket No. NHTSA-2010-0049] Reports, Forms, and Recordkeeping Requirements AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT. ACTION: Request for public comment on proposed collection of information. SUMMARY...

32 CFR 634.48 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... DLA in crime prevention, traffic safety, and the orderly flow of vehicle traffic movement. (b) The... INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Impounding Privately Owned Vehicles § 634.48 General. This...

32 CFR 634.48 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... DLA in crime prevention, traffic safety, and the orderly flow of vehicle traffic movement. (b) The... INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Impounding Privately Owned Vehicles § 634.48 General. This...

32 CFR 634.48 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... DLA in crime prevention, traffic safety, and the orderly flow of vehicle traffic movement. (b) The... INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Impounding Privately Owned Vehicles § 634.48 General. This...

32 CFR 634.48 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... DLA in crime prevention, traffic safety, and the orderly flow of vehicle traffic movement. (b) The... INVESTIGATIONS MOTOR VEHICLE TRAFFIC SUPERVISION Impounding Privately Owned Vehicles § 634.48 General. This...

36 CFR § 1004.13 - Obstructing traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with the normal flow of traffic. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Obstructing traffic. § 1004.13 Section § 1004.13 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PRESIDIO TRUST VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC SAFETY...

Traffic safety measures using multiple streams real time data : final report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-01-04

Traffic crashes and accidents result from many complex factors, but at a basic level, they are conflicts : among vehicles and/or other road users. Roadway conditions, traffic signals, weather, traffic flow, : drivers' behavior and health of vehicles ...

ViSTREET: An Educational Virtual Environment for the Teaching of Road Safety Skills to School Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chuah, Kee Man; Chen, Chwen Jen; Teh, Chee Siong

Virtual reality (VR) has been prevalently used as a tool to help students learn and to simulate situations that are too hazardous to practice in real life. The present study aims to explore the capability of VR to achieve these two purposes and demonstrate a novel application of the result, using VR to help school students learn about road safety skills, which are impractical to be carried out in real-life situations. This paper describes the system design of the VR-based learning environment known as Virtual Simulated Traffics for Road Safety Education (ViSTREET) and its various features. An overview of the technical procedures for its development is also included. Ultimately, this paper highlights the potential use of VR in addressing the learning problem concerning road safety education programme in Malaysia.